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3122:) or traditional Han clothing comprises all traditional clothing classifications of the Han Chinese with a recorded history of more than three millennia until the end of the Ming dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, Hanfu clothing was mostly replaced by the Manchu style until the dynasty's fall in 1911, yet Han women continued to wear clothing from Ming dynasty. Manchu and Han fashions of women's clothing coexisted during the Qing dynasty. Moreover, neither Taoist priests nor Buddhist monks were required to wear the queue by the Qing; they continued to wear their traditional hairstyles, completely shaved heads for Buddhist monks, and long hair in the traditional Chinese topknot for Taoist priests. During the Republic of China period, fashion styles and forms of traditional Qing costumes gradually changed, influenced by fashion sensibilities from the Western World resulting modern Han Chinese wearing Western style clothing as a part of everyday dress.
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boosted the development of pancreas transplantation… the
Spitzingsee meetings, participants had the idea to renew the urinary drainage technique of the exocrine secretion of the pancreatic graft with segmental graft and eventually with whole pancreaticoduodenal transplant. That was clinically achieved during the mid- and remained the mainstay technique during the next decade. In parallel, the Swedish group developed the whole pancreas transplantation technique with enteric diversion. It was the onset of the whole pancreas reign. The enthusiasm for the technique was rather moderated in its early phase due to the rapid development of liver transplantation and the need for sharing vascular structures between both organs, liver and pancreas. During the modern era of immunosuppression, the whole pancreas transplantation technique with enteric diversion became the gold standard… .
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now today modern
Southern China. These successive waves of Han migration to the south, subsequent intermarriage and cultural mixing between the northern Han migrants and the non-Han aborigines over the past two thousand years gave rise to modern Chinese demographics - a Han Chinese super-majority and minority non-Han Chinese indigenous peoples. According to Yang et. al (2020), northern Han populations have 36–41% southern East Asian-related ancestry whilst southern East Asian mainland populations have 21–55% northern East Asian-related ancestry. This admixture was already present since the Late Neolithic although in general, present-day southern East Asians cluster with coastal Neolithic southern East Asians (e.g. Qihe). Likewise, present-day northern East Asians cluster with coastal Neolithic northern East Asians (e.g. Bianbian).
4282:, who on their patrilines, bear a closer genetic resemblance to aboriginal peoples, but have Han matrilines. The Tanka are a group of boat-dwellers who speak a Sinitic language and who claim Han ancestry, but who have traditionally faced severe discrimination from the other southern Han subgroups. Unlike the Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan Han (whose dominant Y-chromosome haplotype is the Han patriline O2-M122), the Tanka have been shown instead to have a predominantly non-Han patriline similar to Daic peoples from Guizhou. However, matrilineally, the Tanka are closely clustered with the Hakka Han and Teochew Han, rather than with Austronesian or Austroasiatic populations, thus supporting an admixture hypothesis and validating, even if only partially, their own claims to Han ancestry.
1924:
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4419:(mtDNA) between modern Northern Han Chinese and 3000-year-old Hengbei samples reveal extreme similarity, confirming genetic continuity between ancient Hengbei inhabitants to present-day Northern Han Chinese. This shows that the core genetic structure of Northern Han Chinese was established more than three thousand years ago in the Central Plains Area. Additionally, these studies indicate that contemporary northern and southern Han Chinese populations exhibit an almost identical Y-DNA genetic structure, indicating a common paternal descent, corroborating the historical record of Han Chinese migration to the south and Chinese surname practices. However, a study of
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regular levels of recognition that they would have typically enjoyed had they only chosen to remain as mere commoners back in their ancestral regions. Yet even such a dynamic social phenomenon has greatly influenced Han society, leading to the homogenization of the Han populace. Additionally, it has played a crucial role in the formation of a socially cohesive and distinct shared Han culture as well as the overall growth and integration of Han society. This development has been facilitated by various extraneous factors, including periods of rapid urbanization and sprouts of geographically extensive yet interconnected commodity markets.
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1938:
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nobility of Han
Chinese ethnicity but retained a Bai Yue majority for several centuries. Yet others were forcibly brought into the Sinosphere by the imperial ambitions of emperors such as Qin Shi Huangdi and Han Wu Di, both of whom settled hundreds of thousands of Chinese in these lands to form agricultural colonies and military garrisons. Even then, control over these lands was tenuous, and Bai Yue cultural identity remained strong until sustained waves of Han Chinese emigration in the Jin, Tang and Song dynasties altered the demographic balance completely.
1770:
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lands south of the
Yangtze and on the southeastern coast, leading to the earnest settlement by Chinese of lands hitherto regarded as part of the empire's sparsely populated frontier or periphery. Guangdong and Fujian, hitherto regarded as backwater regions populated by the descendants of garrison soldiers, exiles and refugees, became new centers and representatives of Han Chinese culture under the influence of the new Han migrants. The term is used in everyday colloquial discourse and is also an element in one of the words for
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for such esteemed roles of great influence and responsibility, extending beyond their prevailing entrance as a gateway into the imperial bureaucracy. Han literature itself has a rich tradition dating back thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature vernacular fiction novels that arose during the Ming dynasty which were employed as a source of cultural pleasure to entertain the masses of literate
Chinese. Some of the most important Han Chinese poets in the pre-modern era were
1417:
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1208:
another two hundred thousand men were ordered to build ships to attack and colonialize the
Lingnan region, thus adding to the population in Guangdong and Guangxi. The first urban cornubations in the region, for example, Panyu, were created by Han settlers rather than the Bai Yue, who preferred to maintain small settlements subsisting on swidden agriculture and rice farming. Later on, Guangdong, Northern Vietnam, and Yunnan all experienced a surge in Han Chinese migrants during
3326:
1692:
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1360:, a further wave of Han migrants from northern China headed the south. At the start of the rebellion in 755 there were 52.9 million registered inhabitants of the Tang Empire, and after its end in 764, only 16.9 million were recorded. It is likely that the difference in census figures was due to the complete breakdown in administrative capabilities, as well as the widespread escape from the north by the Han Chinese and their mass migration to the south.
3215:
lineage branches of all surname groups will maintain a hall containing the memorial tablets (also known as spirit tablets) of deceased family members in clan halls. Extended family groupings have been very important to the Han
Chinese, and there are strict conventions as how one may refer to aunts, uncles, and cousins and the spouses of the same, depending on their birth order as well as whether these blood relatives share the same surname.
1335:, also led to the resettlement of Fujian. The province of Fujian - whose aboriginal inhabitants had been deported to the Central Plains by Han Wu Di, was now repopulated by Han Chinese settlers and colonists from the Chinese heartland. The "Eight Great Surnames" were eight noble families who migrated from the Central Plains to Fujian - these were the Hu, He, Qiu, Dan, Zheng, Huang, Chen and Lin clans, who remain there until this very day.
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3562:, both historically and in the modern era. They have also played a pivotal role in being at the forefront of shaping the evolutionary trajectory of Chinese civilization and significantly influenced the advancement of East Asian civilization in concurrence with the broader region of East Asia as a whole. The invention of paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder are celebrated in Chinese society as the
1683:
1260:. These events caused widespread devastation, and even depopulated the north, resulting in the complete social and political breakdown and collapse of central authority in the Central Plains, triggering massive, sustained waves of Han Chinese migration into South China, leading to the formation of distinct Han lineages, who also likely assimilated the by-now partially sinicized Bai Yue in their midst.
3030:, written Chinese based on Mandarin is widely understood by speakers of all varieties and has taken up the dominant position among written forms, formerly occupied by literary Chinese. Thus, although residents of different regions would not necessarily understand each other's speech, they generally share a common written language, Standard Written Chinese and Literary Chinese.
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49:
2271:), setting the precedent for the next two millennia. To consolidate administrative control over the newly conquered parts of the country, the First Emperor decreed a nationwide standardization of currency, writing scripts and measurement units, to unify the country economically and culturally. He also ordered large-scale infrastructure projects such as the
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Hmong-Mien speakers whilst northwestern Han have more West
Eurasian ancestral components. Northeastern Han like Liaoning Han have more Yellow River Basin and ancient Northeast Asian ancestry than south Chinese and are genetically similar to Tungusic Manchu. There is also evidence of minor West Eurasian ancestry, dating 4,500–1,200/1,300 years ago.
2190:. Through conquest and colonization, much of this area came under the influence of sinicization and this culture extended south. However, the power of the Zhou kings fragmented not long afterwards, and many autonomous vassal states emerged. This dynasty is traditionally divided into two eras – the Western Zhou (1046–771 BCE) and the
2578:, which eventually capitulated to Qing forces in 1683. Taiwan, previously inhabited mostly by non-Han aborigines, was sinicized during this period via large-scale migration accompanied by assimilation, despite efforts by the Manchus to prevent this, as they found it difficult to maintain control over the island. In 1681, the
3600:(1031–1095) of the Song dynasty theorized that the sun and moon were spherical and wrote of planetary motions such as retrogradation as well as postulating theories for the processes of geological land formation. Medieval Han Chinese astronomers were also among the first peoples to record observations of a cosmic
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Patrilineal DNA indicates the northern Han
Chinese were the primary contributors to the paternal gene pool of modern southern Han Chinese. The data also indicates that the contribution of southern non-Han aboriginals to the southern Han Chinese genetics is limited. In short, male Han Chinese were the
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in
Imperial China. Such comprehensive examinations were not only employed as the prevailing universal standards to evaluate a candidate's ethical behavior and virtuous conduct, but were also deployed as a measure of academic aptitude that determined a candidate's caliber, credibility, and eligibility
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With a rich historical literary heritage spanning over three thousand years, the Han Chinese have continued to push the boundaries that have circumscribed the standards of literary excellence by showcasing an unwaveringly exceptional caliber and extensive wealth of literary accomplishments throughout
1624:
The total overseas Chinese population worldwide number some 60 million people. Overseas Han Chinese have settled in numerous countries across the globe, particularly within the Western World where nearly 4 million people of Han Chinese descent live in the United States (about 1.5% of the population),
1605:
Clashes and tensions between the two groups over land, water, ethno-racial, and cultural differences led to the relocation of some communities and over time, varying degrees of intermarriage and assimilation took place. In Taiwan, Han Chinese (including both the earlier Han Taiwanese settlers and the
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A study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences into the gene frequency data of Han sub-populations and ethnic minorities in China, showed that Han sub-populations in different regions are also genetically quite close to the local ethnic non-Han minorities, meaning that in many cases, the blood of ethnic
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MtDNA of Han Chinese increases in diversity as one looks from northern to southern China, which suggests that the influx of male Han Chinese migrants intermarried with the local female non-Han aborigines after arriving in what is now modern-day Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other regions of
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Drawing upon their extensive literary heritage rooted in a historical legacy spanning over three thousand years, the Han Chinese have continued to demonstrate a uniformly high level of literary achievement throughout the modern era as the reputation of contemporary Chinese literature continues to be
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have revealed their main staple to be rice (more likely to consumed by Southerners) as well as noodles and other wheat-based food items (which are more likely to be eaten by Northerners). During China's Neolithic period, southwestern rice growers transitioned to millet from the northwest, when they
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peoples, all claim Han Chinese ancestry pointing to official histories and their own genealogical records to support such claims. Linguists hypothesize that the Wu and Min varieties of Chinese originate from the way Chinese was spoken during the Jin, while the Yue and Hakka from the way Chinese was
1236:
The genesis of the modern Han people and their subgroups cannot be understood apart from their historical migrations to the south, resulting in a depopulation of the Central Plains, a fission between those that remained and those that headed south, and their subsequent fusion with aboriginal tribes
1207:
The first emperor Qin Shih Huang Di is said to have sent several hundred thousand men and fifteen thousand women to form agricultural and military settlements in Lingnan (present day Guangxi and Guangdong), under the leadership of a general named Zhao Tuo. The famous Han emperor, Han Wu Di, ordered
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There were several periods of mass migration of Han people to Southeastern and Southern China throughout history. Initially, the sparsely populated regions of south China were inhabited by tribes known only as the Bai Yue or Hundred Yue. Many of these tribes developed into kingdoms under rulers and
11063:
The first attempt to cure type 1 diabetes by pancreas transplantation was done at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis, on December 17, 1966… opened the door to a period, between the mid- to mid- where only segmental pancreatic grafts were used... In the late – early , three major events…
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that exists for its corresponding maternal ancestry. These genetic findings are in concord with historical records confirming the continuous and large migratory waves of northern Han Chinese inhabitants escaping dynastic changes, geopolitical upheavals, instability, warfare and famine into what is
4184:
and Buddhist influences in Chinese folk religion, such as the cult of Guanyin, who is treated as a Bodhisattva, immortal, goddess or exemplar of Confucian virtue, depending on the tradition. The four largest schools of Han Buddhism (Chan, Jingtu, Tiantai and Huayan) were all developed in China and
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that they brought and garnered to their families, social circles, and the localities that they hailed from. This elevation in their social standing, respectability, and pedigree was greatly augmented both within their own family circles, as well as among their neighbors and peers compared with the
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The Han Chinese also share a distinct set of cultural practices, traditions, and beliefs that have evolved over centuries. Traditional Han customs, art, dietary habits, literature, religious beliefs, and value systems have not only deeply influenced Han culture itself, but also the cultures of its
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Han Chinese rule resumed during the Sui and Tang dynasties, led by the Han Chinese families of the Yang (杨) and Li (李) surnames respectively. Both the Sui and Tang dynasties are seen as high points of Han Chinese civilization. These dynasties both emphasized their aristocratic Han Chinese pedigree
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and beyond, shifting the Chinese demographic center and speeding up sinicization of the far south. At the same time, most of the nomads in northern China came to be sinicized as they ruled over large Chinese populations and adopted elements of their culture and administration. Of note, the Xianbei
1190:
Han Chinese can be divided into various subgroups based on the variety of Chinese that they speak. Waves of migration have occurred throughout China's long history and vast geographical expanse, engendering the emergence of Han Chinese subgroups found throughout the various regions of modern China
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and high point in Chinese civilization. The self-identification as Tang Ren is popular in south China, because it was at this time that massive waves of migration and settlement led to a shift in the center of gravity of the Chinese nation away from the tumult of the Central Plains to the peaceful
730:
The lands of southern China were acquired through conquest and colonization during the Qin and Han dynasty. Han Chinese people and culture then spread south from the northern heartland in the Yellow River valley, driven by large and sustained waves of migration during successive periods of Chinese
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displaying slight but discernible physical and physiological differences. Although genetically similar, Han Chinese subgroups exhibit a north-south stratification in their genetics, with centrally placed populations acting as conduits for outlying ones. Although a genetic north-south cline can be
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Ancestral halls and academies, as well as tombs were of great import to the Chinese. Ancestral halls were used for the veneration or commemoration of ancestors and other large family events. Family members preferred to be buried near one another. Academies were also set up to benefit those of the
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Ancestry and lineage are an important part of Han Chinese cultural practice and self-identity, and there have been strict naming conventions since the time of the Song dynasty that have been preserved until this day. Elaborate and detailed genealogies and family registers are maintained, and most
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area. The Manchus designated Jilin and Heilongjiang as the Manchu homeland, to which the Manchus could hypothetically escape and regroup if the Qing dynasty fell. Because of increasing Russian territorial encroachment and annexation of neighboring territory, the Qing later reversed its policy and
4300:
Zhou et. al (2022) states that Han subgroups differ in their ancestral components despite shared ancestry, reflective of their demographic history. For example, southern Han show evidence of being admixed with Tai-Kadai and Austronesian ancestry populations. Southwestern Han are more related to
4146:
Confucianism, although sometimes described as a religion, is another indigenous governing philosophy and moral code with some religious elements like ancestor worship. It continues to be deeply ingrained in modern Chinese culture and was the official state philosophy in ancient China during the
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have exerted enormous influence on its East Asian neighbors in the areas of business and economy, culture and society, governance, and science and technology. In modern times, the Han Chinese form the largest ethnic group in China, while an overseas Han Chinese diaspora numbering in the tens of
2699:
has been gaining mainstream popularity throughout China since the 2000s, attributed to discontent toward these ethnic policies instituted by the Chinese government. The contemporary dissatisfaction and discord between the dominant Han Chinese mainstream and its non-Han minorities has led to the
1527:
is "the country with the biggest proportion of Han Chinese" in Southeast Asia. Singapore is the only nation in the world where Overseas Chinese constitute a majority of the population and remain the country's cultural, economic and politically dominant arbiters vis-à-vis their non-Han minority
12848:
Siska, Veronika; Jones, Eppie Ruth; Jeon, Sungwon; Bhak, Youngjune; Kim, Hak-Min; Cho, Yun Sung; Kim, Hyunho; Lee, Kyusang; Veselovskaya, Elizaveta; Balueva, Tatiana; Gallego-Llorente, Marcos; Hofreiter, Michael; Bradley, Daniel G.; Eriksson, Anders; Pinhasi, Ron; Bhak, Jong; Manica, Andrea (1
3820:
made from a permeable plastic sack that would effectively carry hemoglobin around the human circulatory system. Chang is also noteworthy for his development of charcoal-filled cells to treat drug poisoning in addition to the discovery of enzymes carried by artificial cells as a medical tool to
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methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation. Chuan is also noteworthy for having invented TAB-seq, a biochemical method that can map 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) at base-resolution genome-wide, as well as hmC-Seal, a method that covalently labels 5hmC for its detection and
1240:
At various points in Chinese history, collapses of central authority in the face of barbarian uprisings or invasions and the loss of control of the Chinese heartland triggered mass migratory waves which transformed the demographic composition and cultural identity of the south. This process of
1318:
triggered the first massive movement of Han Chinese dominated by civilians rather than soldiers to the south, being led principally by the aristocracy and the Jin elite. Thus, Jiangnan, comprising Hangzhou's coastal regions and the Yangtze valley were settled in the 4th century AD by families
4037:
has always maintained a profound influence within the confines of Chinese civilization both historically and in the modern era. Indigenous Confucianism and Taoism share aspects of being a philosophy or a religion and neither demand exclusive adherence, resulting in a culture of tolerance and
4001:
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The government of imperial China still seems in many ways curiously modern and familiar. Bureaucratically organized, and dominated by a graded civil service led by men selected through competitive examinations, it was both a model for a precursor of the complex administrations of our modern
11653:
Wen, Bo; Li, Hui; Lu, Daru; Song, Xiufeng; Zhang, Feng; He, Yungang; Li, Feng; Gao, Yang; Mao, Xianyun; Zhang, Liang; Qian, Ji; Tan, Jingze; Jin, Jianzhong; Huang, Wei; Deka, Ranjan; Su, Bing; Chakraborty, Ranajit; Jin, Li (2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture".
2905:
who did not enter the imperial bureaucracy or who left it opting out to pursue other careers experienced significant improvements with respect to their credibility, pedigree, respectability, social status, and societal influence, resulting in a considerable amelioration with regards to the
1396:
caused yet another wave of mass migration of the Han Chinese from Northern China to Southern China, leading to a further increase in the Han Chinese population across southern Chinese provinces. The formation of the Hainanese and Hakka people can be attributed to the chaos of this period.
3619:
In the contemporary era, Han Chinese have continued to contribute to the development and growth of modern science and technology. Among such prominently illustrious names that have been honored, recognized, remembered, and respected for their historical groundbreaking achievements include
3722:
has been regarded as the "father of modern differential geometry" and has also been recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th-century. Chern was awarded the 1984 Wolf Prize in mathematics in recognition for his fundamental contributions to the development and growth of
4270:
Variation notwithstanding, Han Chinese subgroups are genetically closer to each other than they each are to their Korean and Yamato neighbors, to whom they are also genetically close in general. The close genetic relationship between the Han across the entirety of China has led to their
9700:
Men's clothing in the Qing Dyansty consisted for the most part of long silk gowns and the so-called "Mandarin" jacket, which perhaps achieved their greatest popularity during the latter Kangxi Period to the Yongzheng Period. For women's clothing, Manchu and Han systems of clothing
2325:
The reign of the first imperial dynasty was short-lived. Due to the First Emperor's autocratic rule and his massive labor projects, which fomented rebellion among his population, the Qin dynasty fell into chaos soon after his death. Under the corrupt rule of his son and successor
1447:(PRC), where they constitute about 90% of its overall population. Han Chinese in China have been a culturally, economically and politically dominant majority vis-à-vis the non-Han minorities throughout most of China's recorded history. Han Chinese are almost the majority in every
2426:. From this period, the native population of China proper was referred to as Hanren, or the "People of Han" to distinguish them from the nomads from the steppe. Warfare and invasion led to one of the first great migrations of Han populations in history, as they fled south to the
1585:
There are over 22 million people of Han Chinese ancestry in living in Taiwan. At first, these migrants chose to settle in locations that bore a resemblance to the areas they had left behind in mainland China, regardless of whether they arrived in the north or south of Taiwan.
4175:
was not quite compatible with traditional Chinese cultural values, especially with the Confucian sociopolitical elite, as certain Buddhist values conflicted with Chinese sensibilities. However, through centuries of mutual tolerance, assimilation, adaptation, and syncretism,
3115:
Han Chinese clothing has been shaped through its dynastic traditions as well as foreign influences. Han Chinese clothing showcases the traditional fashion sensibilities of Chinese clothing traditions and forms one of the major cultural facets of Chinese civilization. Hanfu
1363:
By now, the Han Chinese population in the south far outstripped that of the Bai Yue. Guangdong and Fujian both experienced a significant influx of Northern Han Chinese settlers, leading many Cantonese, Hokkien and Teochew individuals to identify themselves as "Tang people"
888:. As a unified and cohesive empire that succeeded the short-lived Qin dynasty, Han China established itself as the center of the East Asian geopolitical order at the time, projecting its power and influence unto Asian neighbors. It was comparable with the contemporary
4407:
The Hengbei archaeological site in Jiang County, southern Shanxi was part of the suburbs of the capital during the Zhou dynasty. Genetic material from human remains in Hengbei have been used to examine the genetic continuity between ancient and modern Han Chinese.
3456:
alongside historical writings, philosophical works, treatises, poetry, drama, and fiction have been revered and immortalized as timeless cultural masterpieces within the vast expanse of Chinese literature. Historically, ambitious individuals who aspired to seek top
1761:
that became sinicised over the centuries. In fact, Ning et. al (2020) found that Yellow River populations, dating 7500-1000 BP, showed a monotonic increase in their genetic affinities with present-day South Chinese and Southeast Asians, compared to neighboring
3199:. Across large double doors was a wing for the elderly in the family. This wing consisted of three rooms: a central room where the four tablets – heaven, earth, ancestor and teacher – were worshipped and two rooms attached to the left and right, which were
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Karafet, Tatiana; Hagberg, L; Hanson, L. A.; Korhonen, T; Leffler, H; Olling, S (1981). "Balinese Y-chromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia: genetic contributions from pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders".
9025:
5285:
The name "Han" was derived from the Han River, an upper tributary of the Yangtze River. It was further strengthened by the famous Han Empire (206 BC–220 AD) which lasted for several hundred years when the people began active interactions with the outside
768:. The Warring States period led to the emergence of the Zhou-era Chinese referring to themselves as being Huaxia (literally, "the beautiful grandeur"), which was distinctively used to adumbrate a "civilized" culture in contrast to peoples perceived as "
3772:
is well known for his pioneering research in glycoscience research and developing the first enzymatic method for the large-scale synthesis of oligosaccharides and the first programmable automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. The chemical biologist
4353:
The Y-chromosome haplogroup distribution between southern Han Chinese and northern Han Chinese populations and principal core component analysis indicates that almost all modern Han Chinese populations form a tight cluster in their Y chromosome:
2469:. This was especially true in the latter part of the Tang era and the Five Dynasties period that followed; the relative stability of the south coast made it an attractive destination for refugees fleeing continual warfare and turmoil in the north.
1408:. These mass migrations over the centuries inevitably led to the demographic expansion, economic prosperity, agricultural advancements, and cultural flourishing of Southern China, which remained relatively peaceful unlike its northern counterpart.
3735:
was well-noted for his research that unlocked the key to prolonging freshness in fruits and flowers and "for his remarkable contributions to the understanding of the mechanism of biosynthesis, mode of action and applications of the plant hormone,
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735:
over the centuries at various points in Chinese history. By the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, Han Chinese were the main inhabitants of the fertile lowland areas and cities of southern China, with minority tribes occupying the highlands.
1296:
spoken in the Tang and Song, about half-a-millenia later. The presence of Tai-Kradai substrates in these dialects may have been due to the assimilation of the remaining groups of Bai Yue, integrating these lands into the Sinosphere proper.
4364:
Biological research findings have also demonstrated that the paternal lineages Y-DNA O-M119, O-P201, O-P203 and O-M95 are found in commonly Southern non-Han minorities, less commonly in southern Han, and even less frequently in northern Han
4395:
southern China. In these populations, the contribution to mtDNA from Han Chinese and indigenous tribes is evenly matched, representing a substantial mtDNA contribution from non-Han groups, collectively known as the Bai Yue or Hundred Yue.
1710:
The prehistory of the Han Chinese is closely intertwined with both archaeology, biology, historical textual records, and mythology. The ethnic stock to which the Han Chinese originally trace their ancestry from were confederations of late
9550:
2406:(266-420 BC), although protracted struggles within the ruling house of Sima (司馬) sparked off a protracted period of fragmentation, rebellion by immigrant tribes that served as slaves and indentured servants, and extended non-native rule.
4373:
During the Zhou dynasty, or earlier, peoples with haplogroup Q-M120 also contributed to the ethnogenesis of Han Chinese people. This haplogroup is implied to be spread across in the Eurasian steppe and north Asia since it is found among
4701:
2334:
and succeeded in establishing a much longer-lasting dynasty. It continued many of the institutions created by the Qin dynasty, but adopted a more moderate rule. Under the Han dynasty, art and culture flourished, while the Han Empire
4370:
primary drivers of Han Chinese expansion in successive migratory waves from the north into what is now modern southern China as is shown by a greater contribution to the Y-chromosome than the mtDNA from northern to southern Han.
2401:
The fall of the Han dynasty was followed by an age of fragmentation and several centuries of disunity amid warfare among rival kingdoms. There was a brief period of prosperity under the native Han Chinese dynasty known as the
2652:
in the early 1900s. In Sun's revolutionary philosophical view, Han identity is exclusively possessed by the so-called civilized Hua Xia people who originated from the Central Plains, and were also the former subjects of the
9389:
11904:
Luo, Xiao-Qin; Du, Pan-Xin; Wang, Ling-Xiang; Zhou, Bo-Yan; Li, Yu-Chun; Zheng, Hong-Xiang; Wei, Lan-Hai; Liu, Jun-Jian; Sun, Chang; Meng, Hai-Liang; Tan, Jing-Ze; Su, Wen-Jing; Wen, Shao-Qing; Li, Hui (6 August 2020).
3804:, which became known for its efficacy against lung, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Soon-Shiong is also well known for performing the first whole-pancreas transplant and he developed and first performed the experimental
1606:
recent mainland Chinese that arrived in Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek in 1949) constitute over 95% of the population. They have also been a politically, culturally and economically dominant majority vis-à-vis the non-Han
4399:
minorities had mixed into Han genetic substrate through varying degrees of intermarriage, while at the same time, the blood of the Han had also mixed into the genetic substrates of the local ethnic non-Han minorities.
3789:, who was one of the first scientists to propose that AIDS was caused by a virus, thus subsequently developing combination antiretroviral therapy to combat it. In recognition of his medical contributions, Ho was named
1212:'s reign. The demographic composition and culture of these regions during this period, could however scarcely be said to have been Sinitic outside the confines of these agricultural settlements and military outposts.
1323:
of immigrants" and "white registers" were created for the massive number of Han Chinese immigrating during this period which included notable families such as the Wang and the Xie. A religious group known as the
4358:
Haplogroups prevalent in non-Han southern natives such as O1b-M110, O2a1-M88 and O3d-M7, which are prevalent in non-Han southern natives, were observed in 4% of southern Han Chinese and not at all in the northern
2279:
and the Qin road system to militarily fortify the frontiers. In effect, he established a centralized bureaucratic state to replace the old feudal confederation system of preceding dynasties, making Qin the first
7766:
3025:
based on Mandarin dialects, which had been developing for several centuries, was standardized and adopted to replace literary Chinese. While written vernacular forms of other varieties of Chinese exist, such as
4798:
4166:
ideals were the dominant ideology. Near the end of the dynasty, Buddhism entered China, later gaining popularity. Historically, Buddhism alternated between periods of state tolerance (and even patronage) and
1752:
were assimilated and absorbed by the Han Chinese at various points in China's history. Like many modern ethnic groups, the ethnogenesis of Han Chinese was a lengthy process that involved the expansion of the
1574:
3388:
could not find a suitable northwestern ecology – which was typically dry and cold – to sustain the generous yields of their staple as well as it did in other areas, such as along the eastern Chinese coast.
1194:
The expansion of the Han people outside their traditional homeland in the Yellow River is an important part of their historical consciousness and ethnogenesis, and accounts for their present-day diversity.
2865:, Chinese culture has been heavily influenced by Confucianism. Credited with shaping much of Chinese philosophical thought, Confucianism was the official state philosophical doctrine throughout most of
1651:, with periods during which it has seen cycles of expansion, contraction, unity, and fragmentation. Due to the overwhelming numerical and cultural dominance of Han culture in China, most of the written
4228:
4107:, is also widely practiced by the Han in both its folk forms and as an organized religion with its traditions having been a source of vestigial perennial influence on Chinese art, poetry, philosophy,
1743:
10092:
7858:
9534:
3558:
The Han Chinese have made significant contributions to various fields in the advancement and progress of human civilization, including business and economy, culture and society, governance, and
7892:
3695:
was a noted mathematician recognized for his contributions to number theory, where he demonstrated that any sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of two prime numbers or a
4697:
2005:(c. 2852–2070 BCE), who, allegedly, were elected to power among the tribes. This is a period for which scant reliable archaeological evidence exists – these sovereigns are largely regarded as
4235:
as a religion in the Chinese language instead of the name for any ethnic group, and that Han Chinese Muslims should not be considered as a separate ethnic group apart from other Han Chinese.
892:
in population size, geographical extent, and cultural reach. The Han dynasty's prestige and prominence led many of the ancient Huaxia to identify themselves as 'Han people'. Similarly, the
4723:
4642:"Population structure of Han Chinese in the modern Taiwanese population based on 10,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank project | Human Molecular Genetics | Oxford Academic"
10958:
6177:
Wen, Bo; Li, Hui; Lu, Daru; Song, Xiufeng; Zhang, Feng; He, Yungang; Li, Feng; Gao, Yang; Mao, Xianyun; et al. (2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture".
2454:
and enforced the restoration of Central Plains culture, even the founders of both dynasties had already intermarried with non-Han or partly-Han women from the Dugu and Yuwen families.
9484:"The Relationship Between Filial Piety and the Academic Achievement and Subjective Wellbeing of Chinese Early Adolescents: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Educational Expectations"
4880:
3785:
Other prominent Han Chinese who have made notable contributions the development and growth of modern science and technology include the medical researcher, physician, and virologist
2457:
The Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties saw continuing emigration from the Central Plains to the south-eastern coast of what is now China proper, including the provinces of
10477:
1237:
south of the Yangtze, even as the centres of Han Chinese culture and wealth moved from the Yellow River Basin to Jiangnan, and to a lesser extent also, to Fujian and Guangdong.
2586:
to prevent Han Chinese migration to the three northeastern provinces, which nevertheless had harbored a significant Chinese population for centuries, especially in the southern
11708:
Gan, Rui-Jing; Pan, Shang-Ling; Mustavich, Laura F.; Qin, Zhen-Dong; Cai, Xiao-Yun; Qian, Ji; Liu, Cheng-Wu; Peng, Jun-Hua; Li, Shi-Lin; Xu, Jie-Shun; Jin, Li; Li, Hui (2008).
8334:
Gan, Rui-Jing; Pan, Shang-Ling; Mustavich, Laura F.; Qin, Zhen-Dong; Cai, Xiao-Yun; Qian, Ji; Liu, Cheng-Wu; Peng, Jun-Hua; Li, Shi-Lin; Xu, Jie-Shun; Jin, Li; Li, Hui (2008).
8974:
7568:
7528:
7468:
708:. Han Chinese form large diaspora populations throughout Southeast Asia, comprising large minorities in countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In Singapore, Han
14323:
11281:
3203:
for the grandparents. The east wing of the house was inhabited by the eldest son and his family, while the west wing sheltered the second son and his family. Each wing had a
1248:
during the Jin dynasty (304-316 AD) in which China was completely overrun by minority groups previously serving as vassals and servants to Sima (the royal house of Jin), the
7952:
3570:(683-727), a polymathic Buddhist monk, mathematician, and mechanical engineer of the Tang dynasty is acknowledged for applying the earliest-known escapement mechanism to a
7263:
2858:
4936:
1528:
counterparts. Up until the past few decades, overseas Han communities originated predominantly from areas in Eastern and Southeastern China (mainly from the provinces of
11337:
10303:
8904:
8825:
1241:
sustained mass migration has been known as "garments and headdresses moving south" 衣冠南渡 (yì guān nán dù), on account of it first being led by the aristocratic classes.
7762:
10337:
4787:
12210:
10868:
Song CX, Szulwach KE, Fu Y, Dai Q, Yi C, Li X, Li Y, Chen CH, Zhang W, Jian X, Wang J, Zhang L, Looney TJ, Zhang B, Godley LA, Hicks LM, Lahn BT, Jin P, He C (2011).
5064:
4443:. Although the genetic relationship is close, the various Han Chinese subgroups are genetically closer to each other than to their Korean and Yamato counterparts.
3339:
4143:. Taoism was the state religion during the Han and Tang eras where it also often enjoyed state patronage under subsequent emperors and successive ruling dynasties.
3506:
internationally recognized. Erudite literary scholars who are well-versed in Chinese literature continue to remain highly esteemed in contemporary Chinese society.
2885:
ceremonies that imitated the Confucian standards of the Emperors. Educational achievement and academic success gained through years of arduous study and mastery of
2039:, managed to not only install himself as the next ruler, but also dictated his sons as heirs by default, making the Xia dynasty the first in recorded history where
1989:
Early ancient Chinese history is largely legendary, consisting of mythical tales intertwined with sporadic annals written centuries to millennia later. Sima Qian's
4180:
gained an respectable place in the culture. Chinese Buddhism was also influenced by Confucianism and Taoism and exerted influence in turn – such as in the form of
2734:
associations, which often identify famous figures from Chinese history or myth as ancestors of current members. Such patriarchs include the Yellow Emperor and the
10370:
10691:
4671:
3037:
were adopted in mainland China and later in Singapore and Malaysia, while Chinese communities in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and overseas countries continue to use
7922:
8969:
5143:
4386:. But it is currently near-absent in these regions except for East Asia. In modern China, haplogroup Q-M120 can be found in the northern and eastern regions.
4042:, where multiple religions or belief systems are often practiced in conjunction with local customs and traditions. Han culture has for long been influenced by
7378:
7221:
1923:
1505:, respectively. The Han Chinese in Hong Kong and Macau have been culturally, economically and politically dominant majority vis-à-vis the non-Han minorities.
15465:
14098:
13907:
2726:, whose culture dates back thousands of years. Overseas Han Chinese maintain cultural affinities to Chinese territories outside of their host locale through
11248:
8939:
8707:
7068:
4285:
Han Chinese in Fujian and Guangdong also show excessive ancestries from Late Neolithic Fujianese sources (35.0–40.3%), which are more significant in modern
11955:
He, Guanglin (16 November 2021). "The genomic formation of the Tanka people, an isolated "gypsies in the water" in the coastal region of southeast China".
10082:
10630:
7707:
13422:
13311:
12605:
11587:
Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (4 May 2015). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.).
11185:
8415:
7862:
11311:
5707:
5298:
Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio; Lai, David (September 1995). "War And Politics in Ancient China, 2700 B.C. to 722 B.C.: Measurement and Comparative Analysis".
4598:
3478:. The most esteemed and noteworthy novels of great literary significance in Chinese literature, otherwise known as the Four Great Classical Novels are:
3235:
5749:
5228:
9048:
7884:
4731:
3892:" for pioneering the application of quantitative and analytical engineering principles to the study of the human body and disease. China's system of "
13997:
10123:
6541:
3461:
of distinguished authority, importance, and power were mandated to demonstrate their proficiency in the Confucian classics assessed through rigorous
2132:– on realising that his younger brother, Jili, was wiser and deserved to inherit the throne – fled to Wu and settled there. Three generations later,
11529:
Chen, Jieming; Zheng, Houfeng; Bei, Jin-Xin; Sun, Liangdan; Jia, Wei-hua; Li, Tao; Zhang, Furen; Seielstad, Mark; Zeng, Yi-Xin; et al. (2009).
3181:
Han Chinese houses differ from place to place. In Beijing, the whole family traditionally lived together in a large rectangle-shaped house called a
2947:
Han Chinese speak various forms of the Chinese language that are descended from a common early language; one of the names of the language groups is
14301:
14002:
10661:
4427:
showed similarity with modern northern Han Chinese, but significant differences from southern Han Chinese - indicating admixture on the matriline.
5594:
3263:
2893:
while also providing the primary qualifying basis criterion for entry among ambitious individuals who sought to hold high ranking and influential
14146:
13158:
11152:
10436:
4078:
2806:
2539:. During this period, China referred to the Ming Empire and to the Han people living in them, and non-Han communities were separated from China.
715:
The Han Chinese have exerted the primary formative influence in shaping the development and growth of Chinese civilization. Originating from the
10995:
10600:
5118:
2990:
as their native tongue. However, there was a larger variety of languages in certain areas of Southeast China, "in an arc extending roughly from
14037:
11385:
11215:
6815:
Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song
6357:
Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song
6305:
Portrait of a Community: Society, Culture, and the Structures of Kinship in the Mulan River Valley (Fujian) from the Late Tang Through the Song
2351:
of Chinese history, with the modern Han Chinese people taking their ethnic name from this dynasty and the Chinese script being referred to as "
4258:
The internal genetic structure of the Han Chinese is consistent with the vast geographical expanse of China and the recorded history of large
4077:
or family, clan and national ancestors. These practices vary from region to region and do not characterize an organized religion, though many
14065:
11420:
10950:
4827:
4317:
The estimated contribution of northern Han to the southern Han is substantial in the paternal ancestral lineages in addition to a geographic
3834:
7976:
3249:
14245:
7740:
7494:
4903:
4876:
2772:
2620:
2495:
2394:
12283:"A spatial analysis of genetic structure of human populations in China reveals distinct difference between maternal and paternal lineages"
2607:
famously proclaimed that "China is the China of the Chinese. We compatriots should identify ourselves with the China of the Han Chinese".
1404:
during the thirteenth century once again caused a surging influx of Northern Han Chinese refugees to move south to settle and develop the
13511:
12004:
9934:
8788:
8201:
7347:
7305:
6994:
6952:
6868:
6790:
6712:
6671:
6518:
6410:
6248:
3718:
and radically altered modern physical theory and changed the conventionally accepted view of the structure of the universe. The geometer
2679:("China" or "Mainland China") founded in 1949 was critical of Han chauvinism. In the latter half of the 20th century, official policy of
1758:
1749:
732:
10460:
10397:
9763:
9730:
7156:
7114:
7036:
6910:
6829:
6751:
6449:
6371:
3900:
conference in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan in 1978, and was hailed as a revolutionary breakthrough in international health ideology emphasizing
1937:
13410:
9687:
5555:
5034:
3125:
Han Chinese clothing has continued to play an influential role within the realm of traditional East Asian fashion as both the Japanese
823:). The two respective aforementioned terms are applied solely to those with a Han ethnic background that is semantically distinct from
12552:
Du, R; Xiao, C; Cavalli-Sforza, LL (1997). "Genetic distances between Chinese populations calculated on gene frequencies of 38 loci".
11078:
10917:
10574:
8677:
8149:
Cioffi-Revilla, C.; Lai, D. (1995). "War and Politics in Ancient China, 2700 B.C. To 722 B.C.: Measurement and Comparative Analysis".
7815:
Suryadinata, Leo (2017). "Blurring the Distinction between huaqiao and huaren: China's Changing Policy towards the Chinese Overseas".
11359:
9575:
8436:
Sagart, Laurent; Jacques, Guillaume; Lai, Yunfan; Ryder, Robin; Thouzeau, Valentin; Greenhill, Simon J.; List, Johann-Mattis (2019).
7402:
4853:
4649:
2073:
11271:
8964:
7793:
7556:
7520:
7456:
3297:
14268:
13852:
2237:
The chaotic Warring States period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty came to an end with the unification of China by the western state of
10351:
Chen, J. R. (1973). "On the representation of a larger even integer as the sum of a prime and the product of at most two primes".
8815:"Thinking About the 'Ming China' Anew: The Ethnocultural Space In A Diverse Empire-With Special Reference to the 'Miao Territory'"
4212:, after which foreign missionaries in China enjoyed the protection of the Western powers and engaged in widespread proselytizing.
4025:, as well as other various traditional homegrown Chinese philosophies, have influenced not only Han Chinese culture, but also the
3311:
1781:
and Han dynasties, Han Chinese writers established genealogical lineages by drawing from legendary materials originating from the
7944:
7632:
4267:
demonstrated, many studies simply conveniently categorize the Han Chinese into two subgroups: northern and southern Han Chinese
3925:
2347:) of Han ethnicity, although being ancient, was formally entrenched in the Han dynasty. The Han dynasty is considered one of the
1494:
11029:
Squifflet, J.P.; Gruessner, R.W.; Sutherland, D.E. (2008). "The History of Pancreas Transplantation: Past, Present and Future".
8223:
7247:
3277:
2043:
was the norm. The civilizational prosperity of the Xia dynasty at this time is thought to have given rise to the name "Huaxia" (
14080:
14017:
12143:
Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (4 May 2015).
11097:
7675:
5012:
4924:
1225:
11333:
10721:
10295:
9993:
8996:
8894:
8814:
4259:
3418:
that can be traced back as far as three millennia, with a body of literature encompassing significant early works such as the
2124:
were considered a different tribe, and described as being scantily dressed, tattooed and speaking a distinct language. Later,
1951:
13105:
13049:
12086:
11492:
10326:
9928:
9899:
9871:
9835:
9724:
9681:
9654:
9629:
9601:
9466:
9425:
9099:
8782:
8649:
8409:
8318:
8278:
8195:
8133:
8105:
8080:
8055:
7610:
7439:
6862:
6823:
6626:
6587:
6512:
6443:
6404:
6365:
6242:
6161:
5976:
5936:
5873:
5848:
5823:
5798:
5743:
5701:
5634:
5588:
5549:
5498:
5433:
5405:
5380:
5350:
5278:
5222:
5112:
4619:
4568:
2657:
and evangelists of Confucianism. Restoring Chinese rule to the Han majority was one of the motivations for supporters of the
2649:
1965:
12281:
Xue, Fuzhong; Wang, Yi; Xu, Shuhua; Zhang, Feng; Wen, Bo; Wu, Xuesen; Lu, Ming; Deka, Ranjan; Qian, Ji; et al. (2008).
12005:"Genetic structure and demographic history of Northern Han people in Liaoning Province inferred from genome-wide array data"
9841:
7189:
6632:
6593:
4765:
4574:
3616:
millions have settled in and contributed to the development and growth of their respective host countries across the world.
2109:–1046 BCE). The earliest archaeological examples of Chinese writing date back to this period – from characters inscribed on
752:
The term "Han" not only refers to a specific ethnic collective, but also points to a shared ancestry, history, and cultural
14294:
9373:
5674:
3402:
2740:
2432:
12515:"Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q1a1a-M120, a paternal lineage connecting populations in Siberia and East Asia"
10819:
Yu M, Hon GC, Szulwach KE, Song CX, Zhang L, Kim A, Li XK, Dai Q, Shen Y, Park B, Min JH, Jin P, Ren B, He C (June 2012).
7498:
5074:
2756:), a phrase which has reverberative connotations in a divisive political climate, as in that of major contentions between
1805:), at the beginning of Chinese history. The Yellow Emperor is traditionally credited to have united with the neighbouring
1643:
The Han Chinese have a rich history that spans thousands of years, with their historical roots dating back to the days of
15429:
13747:
13151:
13131:
11751:"Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago"
11749:
Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2015).
11122:
10514:
6076:"Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago"
6074:
Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2015).
4168:
3877:
was a cytogeneticist renowned as the first person to recognize the normal number of human chromosomes, a breakthrough in
2186:
shared the language and culture of the Shang people, and extended their reach to encompass much of the area north of the
1851:
1738:
14042:
8024:
4675:
1387:
Jin-Song wars resulted in the devastation of northern China and the displacement of yet more Han Chinese to south China.
14181:
13113:
13087:
12791:"Ancestry informative SNP panels for discriminating the major East Asian populations: Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean"
12687:"Ancestry informative SNP panels for discriminating the major East Asian populations: Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean"
12644:
12257:
10374:
10278:
10180:
9356:
9331:
9306:
9281:
9256:
9196:
9156:
9124:
7341:
7299:
7257:
7150:
6988:
6946:
6904:
6706:
6665:
4215:
The People's Republic of China government unprecedentedly defined Han Chinese Muslims as a separate ethnic group, the "
2390:
2072:
Conclusive archaeological evidence predating the 16th century BCE is, however, rarely available. Recent efforts of the
2002:
1993:
recorded a period following the Battle of Zhuolu, during the reign of successive generations of confederate overlords (
1984:
693:
10683:
2023:
The first dynasty to be described in Chinese historical records is the Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BCE), established by
14060:
13952:
13427:
13398:
13316:
9544:
9383:
5893:
5458:
4204:. Christian beliefs often had conflicts with traditional Chinese values and customs which eventually resulted in the
3987:
1448:
85:
8499:; Jin, Li (24 April 2019). "Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic".
7914:
5150:
4435:
The Han Chinese show a close yet distinguishable genetic relationship with other East Asian populations such as the
3969:
2763:
2330:, the Qin dynasty collapsed a mere three years later. The Han dynasty (206 BC–220 CE) then emerged from the ensuing
727:
in northern China. The Huaxia are the progenitors of Chinese civilization and the ancestors of modern Han Chinese.
15439:
14258:
14118:
13927:
13777:
13752:
10429:"Renowned mathematician Shiing-Shen Chern, who revitalized the study of geometry, has died at 93 in Tianjin, China"
7372:
7215:
3826:
3752:
that marked a major scientific breakthrough within the field of modern agricultural research. The physical chemist
2616:
12594:
4446:
Other research suggests a significant overlap between Yamato Japanese and the northern Han Chinese in particular.
14287:
14138:
13504:
13010:
11238:
8932:
7062:
4932:
3559:
3221:
3211:
frame. Every wing was also built around a central courtyard that was used for study, exercise or nature viewing.
3058:
2372:
1846:
Although study of this period of history is complicated by the absence of contemporary records, the discovery of
1332:
1315:
1245:
12145:"Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to 3,000 Years Ago"
11589:"Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to 3,000 Years Ago"
14310:
14191:
14128:
14103:
13989:
13742:
13144:
13079:
11907:"Uniparental Genetic Analyses Reveal the Major Origin of Fujian Tanka from Ancient Indigenous Daic Populations"
10622:
7698:
7583:
7108:
7030:
6784:
6745:
4510:
4470:
4412:
4244:
4208:
and a subsequent reduction in Christian influence in the country. Christianity grew considerably following the
3965:
3038:
2202:(476–221 BCE) periods. It was a period of significant cultural and philosophical diversification (known as the
2052:
1994:
1791:
1094:
549:
356:
10059:
8399:
7628:"Bifurcated Homeland and Diaspora Politics in China and Taiwan towards the Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia"
7590:
7588:
7586:
14176:
14113:
13960:
13892:
13867:
13764:
13528:
12602:
11303:
10145:
9963:
8251:
7524:
4595:
4502:
4462:
4339:
3537:
3492:
3034:
2676:
2666:
2215:
2069:, "the magnificent Xia"), a term that was used ubiquitously throughout history to define the Chinese nation.
2044:
1351:, whose rebellion caused a fall in recorded numbers of Tang inhabitants from 53 million to 17 million people.
1299:
469:
370:
10227:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2: Mechanical Engineering
5992:
Leung, Genevieve Y.; Wu, Min-Hsuan (2012). "Linguistic landscape and heritage language literacy education".
3002:." Since the Qin dynasty, which standardized the various forms of writing that existed in China, a standard
2546:
rulers treated China as equivalent to both the Ming Empire and to the Han group. In 1644, the Ming capital,
2287:
This dynasty, sometimes phonetically spelt as the "Ch'in dynasty", has been proposed in the 17th century by
15342:
14199:
13922:
13712:
12466:"An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4"
12384:
Karafet, Tatiana; Hallmark, B; Cox, M.P.; Sudoyo, H; Downey, S; Lansing, J.S.; Hammer, M.F. (August 2010).
11307:
11211:
11118:
4112:
3961:
3858:
3757:
2841:
all have undergone thousands of years of development and growth, while numerous Chinese sites, such as the
2242:
2113:
used for divination – but the well-developed characters hint at a much earlier origin of writing in China.
1607:
877:
67:
10115:
8737:
6552:
14090:
13887:
13837:
13203:
11175:
8847:
Elliott, Mark C. (August 2000). "The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies".
4761:
4727:
4193:
4192:
existed as early as the 7th century, Christianity did not gain a significant foothold in China until the
3553:
3384:
3010:. A simplified and elaborated version of this written standard was used in business contracts, notes for
2701:
2692:
2080:
and the Xia dynasty, but scholars could not reach a consensus regarding the reliability of such history.
1854:
to be identified along the Yellow River. Along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were the
1374:), which has served as a means to assert and acknowledge their ethnic and cultural origin and identity.
59:
10653:
9716:
Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928
7103:. Vol. 13 of Critical perspectives on Asian Pacific Americans series. Rowman Altamira. p. 11.
6699:
From the Oxus River to the Chinese Shores: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia
4297:(66.9–74.3%), and less significant in Han Chinese from Zhejiang (22%), Jiangsu (17%) and Shandong (8%).
3812:, and the "first pig-to-man islet-cell transplant in diabetic patients." The physician and physiologist
2505:
The next few centuries saw successive invasions of Han and non-Han peoples from the north. In 1279, the
731:
history, leading to a demographic and economic tilt towards the south, and to the absorption of various
14263:
14253:
14161:
14156:
13497:
13327:
13029:
11507:
Muslim Chinese : ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic. Gladney, Dru C. Cambridge, Mass,1996
8699:
5578:
5180:
4224:
3549:
3022:
2688:
2600:
2336:
2203:
1656:
846:
625:
507:
11144:
4797:(in Indonesian). Kewarganegaraan, suku bangsa, agama dan bahasa sehari-hari penduduk Indonesia. 2011.
2443:
14032:
13917:
13807:
12514:
12209:
Wen, B.; Li, H.; Lu, D.; Song, X.; Zhang, F.; He, Y.; Li, F.; Gao, Y.; et al. (September 2004).
10984:
10596:
10428:
9299:
The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America
9149:
The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America
5262:
5254:
5099:
4231:" under the Republic of China government. Bai Chongxi believed that "Hui" is an alternative name for
4205:
3897:
3850:
3761:
3688:
3525:
2403:
1655:
can be read as "a history of the Han Chinese," hinted and tinged with only passing references to its
1484:
528:
11397:
11207:
3661:
3325:
723:
people, a confederation of agricultural tribes that lived along the middle and lower reaches of the
15404:
14723:
13937:
13772:
12795:
12691:
11020:
10717:
9053:
8550:
8377:"Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration"
6657:
Ritual Alliances of the Putian Plain. Volume One: Historical Introduction to the Return of the Gods
4219:". This was opposed by the Republic of China government and Han Chinese Muslim celebrities such as
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of distinguished authority, importance, responsibility, and power within the upper echelons of the
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2148:, where a Chinese king and his soldiers ruled a non-Han population and mixed with locals, who were
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772:" towards the adjacent and adjoining vicinities bordering the Zhou Kingdoms that were inhabited by
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Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
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Simon, Udo; Tjaden, Ekkehard-H.; Wefelscheid, Heinrich (2011). "Shiing-Shen Chern's Centenary".
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Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE–50 CE
4906:(Press release). PRIB, Office of the Senate Secretary, Senate of the Philippines. Archived from
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contributed to the movement. Jiangnan became the most populous and prosperous region of China.
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12640:"mtDNA Polymorphism in East Asian Populations, with Special Reference to the Peopling of Japan"
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2517:, seen as disloyal to ancestors and ancestral land, was banned by the Song and Yuan dynasties.
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China: A History: From the Great Qing Empire through the People's Republic of China, 1644–2009
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conquered all of China, becoming the first non-Han ethnic group to do so, and established the
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12908:"Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations"
11817:"Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations"
10985:"Visions of Progress and Courage [Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong — Medical Visionary Award]"
10870:"Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine"
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7294:. Masters of Chinese Studies (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 194.
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over 1 million in Australia (5.6%) and about 1.5 million in Canada (5.1%), nearly 231,000 in
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Nearly 30 to 40 million people of Han Chinese descent live in Southeast Asia. According to a
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12119:"Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China"
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7409:: "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,384,688,986 billion (July 2018 est.)
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12851:"Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago"
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7763:"Chinese education companies scramble to teach Overseas Children to learn Chinese language"
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throughout China have had certain traditionally prescribed roles, such as the family head (
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3041:. Although significant differences exist between the two character sets, they are largely
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had emerged with vocabulary and grammar that was significantly different from the various
2853:. Since this program was launched in 2001, aspects of Chinese culture have been listed by
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captures the daily life of people from the Song dynasty at the capital, Bianjing, today's
2738:, who according to legend lived thousands of years ago and gave Han people the sobriquet "
1300:
First wave: Jin Dynasty - War of the Eight Princes and the Uprising of the Five Barbarians
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and is known for his pioneering work and significant contributions to the development of
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8730:"Clayton D. Brown Research on Chinese History: Ethnology, Archaeology, and Han Identity"
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11531:"Genetic Structure of the Han Chinese Population Revealed by Genome-wide SNP Variation"
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4724:"Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010 more information"
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regardless of their ethnic origins and does not necessary imply Han ancestry, the term
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The Governor General of Canada > Honours > Recipients > Thomas Ming Swi Chang
10745:"Energy efficiency with organic electronics: Ching W. Tang revisits his days at Kodak"
10052:"The expansion of Setaria farmers in East Asia: A linguistic and archaeological model"
2986:
In the Qing era, more than two-thirds of the Han Chinese population used a variant of
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sentiment of the Han Chinese, which killed at least twenty million people and made it
2418:, which came to establish kingdoms of their own, the most successful of which was the
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McFadzean A.J.S., Todd D. (1971). "Cooley's anaemia among the tanka of South China".
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People of Han Chinese ancestry who possess foreign citizenship of a different country
685:
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A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century
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Critical Han Studies: The History, Representation, and Identity of China's Majority
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4960:"The Chinese diaspora: The current distribution of the overseas Chinese population"
4294:
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3540:, the first Chinese recipient of the esteemed international children's book prize.
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3164:), who is in charge of the revenues. Because farmland was commonly bought, sold or
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to elucidate the shared ethnicity of all Chinese; Chinese people called themselves
697:
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8642:
An Introduction to the Chinese Economy: The Driving Forces Behind Modern Day China
8126:
An Introduction to the Chinese Economy: The Driving Forces Behind Modern Day China
7650:
7627:
7022:
Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt: Environment and Economy in Late Imperial South China
6341:
An Introduction to the Chinese Economy: The Driving Forces Behind Modern Day China
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12386:"Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia"
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11710:"Pinghua population as an exception of Han Chinese's coherent genetic structure"
8336:"Pinghua population as an exception of Han Chinese's coherent genetic structure"
8162:
6435:
Migration and Ethnicity in Chinese History: Hakkas, Pengmin, and Their Neighbors
5652:
Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2: Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region
5311:
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remains contentious, as the deterioration in ethnic relations has compounded by
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allowed the consolidation of a demographic Han majority in northeast China. The
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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5070:
4605:: "Han Chinese 91.1%" out of a reported population of 1,416,043,270 (2024 est.)
4330:
Typical Y-DNA haplogroups of present-day Han Chinese include Haplogroup O-M95,
4232:
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of the Han people. It involves the worship of various extraordinary figures in
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of the Han Chinese since the culinary traditions and food consumed varies from
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12627:. 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
12324:"Paternal genetic affinity between western Austronesians and Daic populations"
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Kinship, Contract, Community, And State: Anthropological Perspectives on China
8520:
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7025:. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 53.
3714:, nicknamed the "First Lady of Physics" contributed to the development of the
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12959:"The ChinaMAP analytics of deep whole genome sequences in 10,588 individuals"
12028:"The ChinaMAP analytics of deep whole genome sequences in 10,588 individuals"
11988:
11971:
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11023:
began as a part of multi-organ transplants, in the mid-to-late 1960s, at the
10821:"Base-resolution analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian genome"
10473:
9144:
8621:
8606:
8568:
8555:
10th International Conference on Evolutionary Linguistics, Nanjing University
8016:
6983:. Emerging Perspectives on Education in China. Lexington Books. p. 243.
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over the past several millennia have engendered the emergence of the diverse
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Montgomery County Public Schools Foreign Language Department (August 2006).
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7142:
Nanjing: Historical Landscape and Its Planning from Geographical Perspective
5866:
America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places
4402:
4308:
A PCA graph illustrates the genetic differences among Han Chinese subgroups.
1244:
Such migratory waves were numerous and triggered by such events such as the
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1090:
950:, while the Chinese populace were referred to as either the 'various Hua' (
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724:
598:
411:
302:
294:
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11887:
9049:"China's ethnic groups face end to affirmative action in education, taxes"
5902:
4157:
movement in China today advocating that the culture be "re-Confucianized")
3154:), who represents the family to the outside world and the family manager (
15157:
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15084:
15079:
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13575:
13434:
13349:
13191:
12481:
11176:"Discovered Human Growth Hormone: Choh Hao Li, 74; Endocrinologist at UC"
10797:
10769:
10744:
9811:
9001:
8296:
A Short History of China and Southeast Asia: Tribute, Trade and Influence
5773:
East Asia At The Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement With The World
5193:
4534:
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4286:
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4148:
4128:
4010:, an allegorical image representing Buddhists, Confucianists, and Taoists
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3168:, families were run like enterprises, with set rules for the allocation (
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Thomas Chang, Professor of Physiology | About McGill – McGill University
10083:"'The Big Red Book of Modern Chinese Literature,' Edited by Yunte Huang"
9233:
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3532:
also received the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 2015, children's writer
1821:
tribes then combined forces to defeat their common enemy from the east,
1068:
in its narrow, classical usages implies Central Plains or Han ancestry.
692:. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the
15359:
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15035:
15016:
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14792:
14758:
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14235:
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13629:
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12624:
Poster: Preliminary Research on Hereditary Features of Yinxu Population
12565:
11972:"Genomic Insights Into the Demographic History of the Southern Chinese"
11648:
11646:
11644:
11642:
10036:
9887:
8868:
8438:"Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan"
8228:
7249:
Agricultural Development in Qing China: A Quantitative Study, 1661-1911
6695:"The Rise and Fall of Nestorianism in Quanzhou during the Yuan dynasty"
4375:
4216:
4039:
3676:
3629:
3593:
3579:
3517:
2919:
2705:
2672:
2551:
2514:
2348:
2340:
2246:
1763:
1716:
1691:
1292:
500:
326:
321:
282:
12813:
12026:
Cao Y, Li L, Xu M, Feng Z, Sun X, Lu J, et al. (September 2020).
10784:
He C (November 2010). "Grand Challenge Commentary: RNA epigenetics?".
9957:
9458:
The Reform and Abolition of the Traditional Chinese Examination System
7844:
7671:
Y chromosome diversity in Singaporean Han Chinese population subgroups
6069:
6067:
6028:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
5319:
3660:(known as the "Godfather of Broadband" and "Father of Fiber Optics");
14682:
14494:
14482:
14151:
13732:
13595:
13541:
13520:
12738:
12102:
Crawford, Dorothy H.; Rickinson, Alan; Johannessen, Ingolfur (2014).
10885:
9225:
8496:
7641:
7557:"The Paradox of Free Market Democracy: Rethinking Development Policy"
7457:"The Paradox of Free Market Democracy: Rethinking Development Policy"
6776:
Family Lineage Organization and Social Change in Ming and Qing Fujian
6017:
6015:
4163:
3878:
3870:
3700:
3625:
3507:
2995:
2563:
2462:
2179:
2141:
2036:
1786:
1724:
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1595:
1533:
1498:
1276:
1209:
1121:
757:
716:
542:
235:
195:
185:
11639:
10028:
8860:
8271:
Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions
7828:
7100:
Becoming Chinese American: A History of Communities and Institutions
3939:
3574:. The accomplishments and advancements of the Song dynasty polymath
2431:
rulers of Northern Wei ordered a policy of systematic sinicization,
1309:
Major nomadic groups involved in the Uprising of the Five Barbarians
14885:
14825:
14798:
13570:
13471:
13262:
12622:
11755:
10654:"Yuan Longping, Plant Scientist Who Helped Curb Famine, Dies at 90"
10051:
10015:
Eberhard, Wolfram (December 1965). "Chinese Regional Stereotypes".
9140:
8553:(27–28 October 2018). "Subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan languages".
7945:"2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ"
7419:
6080:
6064:
6022:
Zhang, Feng; Su, Bing; Zhang, Ya-ping; Jin, Li (22 February 2007).
3846:
3801:
3774:
3737:
3728:
3597:
3200:
3183:
3165:
2991:
2722:
Chinese civilization is one of the world's oldest and most complex
2687:. Today, the tension between the dominant Han Chinese majority and
2604:
2587:
2218:
are among the most important surviving philosophies from this era.
1898:). These cultures are believed to be related to the origins of the
1818:
1806:
1672:
1591:
1549:
1452:
1145:
563:
425:
165:
155:
12789:
Shi, Cheng-Min; Liu, Qi; Zhao, Shilei; Chen, Hua (21 March 2019).
12621:
Zeng, Wen; Li, Jiawei; Yue, Hongbin; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2013).
11868:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
10149:
9754:"Chŭlăkantamangala: Or, The Tonsure Ceremony as Performed in Siam"
9594:
Chinese Clothing: Costumes, Adornments and Culture (Arts of China)
7252:. The Quantitative Economic History of China. BRILL. p. 154.
6930:
6928:
6012:
4000:
3777:
is notable for his work in discovering and deciphering reversible
2693:
China's contemporary ethnic policies in favor of ethnic minorities
2414:
During this time, areas of northern China were overrun by various
2299:
to be the etymological origin of the modern English word "China".
1443:
The vast majority of Han Chinese – over 1.2 billion – live in the
15235:
14937:
14925:
14915:
14895:
14855:
14845:
14840:
14835:
14216:
13727:
13683:
13646:
13383:
11970:
Huang, Xiufeng; Xia, Zi-Yang; Bin, Xiaoyun; He, Guanglin (2022).
11815:
Wang, Yuchen; Lu, Dongsheng; Chung, Yeun-Jun; Xu, Shuhua (2018).
9290:
5451:
Sovereignty and authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian modern
4436:
4379:
4275:
4070:
4066:
3710:
The 1978 Wolf Prize in Physics inaugural recipient and physicist
3601:
3589:
3575:
3567:
3432:
3420:
3376:
3368:
3204:
3188:
3064:
2999:
2777:
2567:
2547:
2531:" and restoring Han people's China as a mission, established the
2506:
2427:
2423:
1541:
1460:
1304:
928:
Prior to the Han dynasty, ancient Chinese scholars used the term
605:
245:
205:
22:
12106:. Oxford University Press (published 14 March 2014). p. 98.
11485:
China's Millions: The China Inland Mission and Late Qing Society
9090:
Cohen, Myron L. (2005). "Late Imperial China and Its Legacies".
8232:. 10 January 2014. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014
7283:
7281:
5952:
Hsu, Cho-yun; Lagerwey, John (2012). Y. S. Cheng, Joseph (ed.).
2435:, institutions, and culture, so the Xianbei became Han Chinese.
2144:
the descendants of Taibo in Wu – mirroring the later history of
1382:
1220:
1182:
756:. The term "Huaxia" was used by the ancient Chinese philosopher
15229:
15122:
14900:
14860:
14830:
14808:
14713:
13585:
13458:
13126:
12117:
Yang, Melinda A.; Fan, Xuechun; Sun, Bo; Chen, Chungyu (2020).
10173:
Technology and the City: Systems, Applications and Implications
9673:
Traditional Chinese Clothing Costumes, Adornments & Culture
9536:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
9212:
Reischauer, Edwin O. (1974). "The Sinic World in Perspective".
8048:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
7056:
7054:
6925:
6740:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 27.
6542:"The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites (850–1000 C.E.)"
5791:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
5576:
5491:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
5426:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
4560:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
4518:
4478:
4132:
4120:
4100:
4018:
3529:
3512:
3475:
3467:
3453:
3406:
3208:
3130:
3126:
3103:
showing scholars in scholar's robes and musicians dressed in a
2902:
2854:
2571:
2466:
2458:
2262:
2211:
2145:
2060:
1822:
1720:
1668:
1545:
1537:
1529:
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1135:
1102:
929:
720:
705:
298:
215:
145:
12906:
Wang, Yuchen; Lu Dongsheng; Chung Yeun-Jun; Xu Shuhua (2018).
9894:. Washington: University of Washington Press. pp. 25–32.
9324:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute
8729:
6737:
Practicing Kinship: Lineage and Descent in Late Imperial China
5816:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute
5525:
Practicing Kinship: Lineage and Descent in Late Imperial China
4312:
1343:
654:
21:"Han people" redirects here. For the Han people of Korea, see
15249:
14977:
14952:
14910:
14637:
14469:
13558:
13546:
13536:
9827:
J. Liddell, The story of the kimono, EP Dutton New York, 1989
7690:
7278:
7014:
7012:
6980:
China's Mongols at University: Contesting Cultural Recognitio
6393:
Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt; Wolfgang Schluchter; Björn Wittrock.
5735:
China and Taiwan: Cross-strait Relations Under Chen Shui-bian
5398:
The Magic Lotus Lantern and Other Tales from the Han Chinesen
4904:"Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday"
4874:
4788:"Jumlah dan Persentase Penduduk menurut Kelompok Suku Bangsa"
4271:
characterization as having a "coherent genetic structure".
3471:
3104:
3086:
2385:
2327:
2175:
1839:
region. To this day, modern Han Chinese refer themselves as "
1502:
1444:
630:
613:
306:
255:
135:
13489:
13042:
The Magic Lotus Lantern and Other Tales from the Han Chinese
12424:
12101:
8770:
8298:. Allen & Unwin (published 1 November 2003). p. 21.
7974:
China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration
7051:
6432:
Sow-Theng Leong; Tim Wright; George William Skinner (1997).
4053:
Chinese folk religion is a set of worship traditions of the
3409:
is one of the founding figures of modern Chinese literature.
2859:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
896:
also came to be named and alluded to as the "Han language" (
12685:
Yi, SoJeong; An, Hyungmi; Lee, Howard; Lee, Sangin (2014).
8573:"The origin and spread of the Sino-Tibetan language family"
6504:
Early Chinese Religion: The Period of Division (220–589 AD)
4029:. Chinese spiritual culture has been long characterized by
3684:
3683:
was a prominent aerospace engineer who helped to establish
3107:
variant, 12th-century remake of a 10th-century original by
1682:
837:) which has connotations and implications limited to being
12211:"Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture"
12003:
Zhou, Jingbin; Zhang, Xianpeng; Li, Xin; Sui, Jie (2022).
11272:"Joe Hin Tjio, 82; Research Biologist Counted Chromosomes"
10951:"The Inside Story Of Biotech's Barnum And His Covid Cures"
7885:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables"
7009:
5214:
War Memory and the Making of Modern Malaysia and Singapore
2889:
was an imperative duty for defending and protecting one's
2566:
and seized control of Beijing. Remnant Ming forces led by
1420:
The eight main dialect areas of Mandarin in mainland China
1111:, literally "the people of Tang"), derived from the later
11865:
9921:
Ethnic Dress in the United States A Cultural Encyclopedia
7663:
7661:
6888:
6886:
6850:
6701:(illustrated ed.). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 270.
4403:
Genetic continuity between ancient and modern Han Chinese
4185:
later spread throughout the Chinese sphere of influence.
3778:
2194:(770–256 BCE) – with the latter further divided into the
582:
568:
554:
12383:
12379:
12377:
10461:"Shiing-Shen Chern, 93, Innovator in New Geometry, Dies"
9923:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 135–36.
9351:. Routledge (published 11 September 2012). p. 232.
8774:
Globalizing Chinese migration: trends in Europe and Asia
8752:
8375:
Ning, Chao; Li, Tianjiao; Wang, Ke; et al. (2020).
6615:
Haywood, John; Jotischky, Andrew; McGlynn, Sean (1998).
5669:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 49.
3187:. Such houses had four rooms at the front – guest room,
1497:
of the PRC – about 92.2% and 88.4% of the population of
1493:
Han Chinese also constitute the majority in both of the
1377:
1338:
978:). This gave rise to two term commonly used nowadays by
712:
make up around 75 percent of the country's population.
512:
12513:
Sun, Na; Ma, Peng-Cheng; Yan, Shi; et al. (2019).
11239:"Joe Hin Tjio The man who cracked the chromosome count"
9191:. Belknap Press (published 9 April 2012). p. 156.
9094:. Stanford University Press, 2005. pp. 41–45, 50.
8017:"A Point Of View: How China sees a multicultural world"
7325:
7323:
6614:
6500:
6328:] (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company. p. 761.
5693:
Language, Politics and Identity in Taiwan: Naming China
3857:(the most powerful of the body's natural painkillers),
3796:
in 1996. The medical researcher and transplant surgeon
2031:
abdicated leadership to reward Yu's work in taming the
910:) ever since and the Chinese script is referred to as "
12464:
Yan, Shi; Wang, C.C.; Li, H; Li, S.L.; Jin, L (2011).
10629:. Vol. 439 Number 9247. 29 May 2021. p. 86.
10530:
9864:
The kimono inspiration: art and art-to-wear in America
9751:
9274:
Redesigning Asian Business: In the Aftermath of Crisis
8692:
7658:
7336:. Understanding China. Rosen Publishing. p. 127.
6883:
6579:
Historical Atlas of the Classical World, 500 BC–AD 600
3528:
in 2000. In 2012, the novelist and short story writer
3414:
the ages. The Han Chinese possess a vast catalogue of
2665:, which led to the establishment of the Han-dominated
2625:
1629:(4.9%), and as many as 750,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa.
12374:
10567:"Taking the Long View: The Life of Shiing-shen Chern"
10241:
10232:
10210:
10201:
9375:
Great Power Conduct and Credibility in World Politics
9296:
9139:
8663:
8661:
8627:
8435:
8050:. ABC-CLIO (published 10 February 2014). p. 90.
6941:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 177.
5971:. Vol. 3. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. p. 279.
5901:. Indiana University Press. p. 1. Archived from
1647:. Throughout Han history, China has been governed by
1155:
700:. The Han Chinese represent 92% of the population in
488:
474:
460:
444:
430:
416:
12551:
12459:
12457:
10264:
10262:
10164:
9798:
Lacouture, Elizabeth (2017), "Elizabeth LaCouture",
8965:"Han Chauvinism/Exceptionalism: The Problem with it"
7907:
7733:"Taiwan Population (2017) – World Population Review"
7519:
7320:
6386:
6234:
History Education and National Identity in East Asia
5738:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 53.
5690:
Chang, Hui-Ching; Holt, Richard (20 November 2014).
4430:
3896:" was among the most important inspirations for the
3821:
correct the faults within some metabolic disorders.
1449:
Chinese province, municipality and autonomous region
12418:
10982:
8771:Nyíri, Pál; Rostislavovich Savelʹev, Igorʹ (2002).
7915:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity in Canada"
7367:
7365:
6896:
China's Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou & Shenzhen
6618:
Historical Atlas of the Medieval World, AD 600–1492
6539:
5570:
5453:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 7.
5107:. Government Information Office. 2014. p. 36.
3748:varieties in the 1970s, which was then part of the
1044:; 'Central China'). While the general term
533:
13100:. Washington, DC: University of Washington Press.
12957:Cao, Yanan; Li, Lin; Xu, Min; et al. (2020).
12847:
11957:Wiley, American Journal of Biological Anthropology
11707:
11444:"Confucian Political Theory in Contemporary China"
10459:
10325:
9962:. Montgomery County Public Schools. pp. 1–8.
9914:
9712:
9624:. Createspace Independent Publishing. p. 79.
9615:
9613:
8670:"The Feudal State of Wu 吳 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
8658:
8333:
8119:
8117:
7088:
7086:
6972:
6970:
6145:
5931:. Pentagon (published 30 June 2012). p. 155.
5537:
4754:"Selected Population Profile in the United States"
2178:), which had emerged as a western state along the
1215:
1081:Among some southern Han Chinese varieties such as
12734:"Population genomics of East Asian ethnic groups"
12454:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11360:"Consensus during the Cold War: back to Alma-Ata"
10867:
10818:
10716:["Father of hybrid rice" Yuan Longping].
10395:
10259:
10175:. Routledge (published 10 May 2016). p. 19.
9018:
8148:
7188:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 4 December 2008.
6857:. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 752–.
6494:
6488:Studies in Yue Dialects 1: Phonology of Cantonese
6024:"Genetic Studies of Human Diversity in East Asia"
5297:
4274:The two notable exceptions to this structure are
4050:has also gained a foothold among the population.
3604:in 1054 AD, the remnants of which would form the
3596:mechanism. The work of medieval Chinese polymath
3524:became the first Chinese novelist to receive the
3256:Memorial tablets of the Khoo (許) family in Penang
3133:were influenced by Han Chinese clothing designs.
3073:) is a crucial identity point of the Han people.
2603:in history. Late Qing revolutionary intellectual
982:as an ethnic identity for the Chinese diaspora –
15452:
14003:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia
12595:Reference Populations - Geno 2.0 Next Generation
12315:
12142:
11748:
11586:
10942:
10777:
9919:. In Annette Lynch; Mitchell D. Strauss (eds.).
9719:. University of Washington Press. pp. 60–.
9409:
9407:
9315:
9117:The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam: A History
7550:
7548:
7546:
7362:
7176:
7174:
6899:. Hunter travel guides. Hunter Publishing, Inc.
6582:. Barnes & Noble Books. 2000. p. 2.25.
6073:
4672:"Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C."
4097:come from the most popular of these traditions.
3242:Name tablets or spirit tablets in Tainan, Taiwan
1906:. They were the foundation for the formation of
1835:and established their cultural dominance in the
14147:Association of East Asian Research Universities
12841:
11528:
11476:
10652:Bradsher, Keith; Buckley, Chris (23 May 2021).
10651:
10615:
10373:. National Women's Hall of Fame. Archived from
10219:
10023:(12). University of California Press: 596–608.
9610:
9454:
8374:
8187:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
8114:
7937:
7851:
7083:
6967:
6425:
6021:
5375:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 709.
3611:Throughout much of Chinese history, successive
3346:Zhou (周) clan ancestral hall, Xinzhuang village
3018:and other daily documents for educated people.
2448:Cortege of Emperor Li Xian, Emperor of the Tang
62:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
12788:
12280:
12116:
12002:
11803:
10978:
10976:
9788:, Cambridge University Press, 2010, pp. 133–34
9417:Village and Bureaucracy in Southern Sung China
9165:
8494:
8404:, Albany: State University of New York Press,
8098:An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture
7374:Chinese journal of international law, Volume 3
7217:Migration and settlement in Sichuan, 1644-1796
7145:(illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 95.
6230:
6226:
6224:
6143:
5929:China at War: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
5069:[ROC Vital Information] (in Chinese).
3764:(OPV) and is widely considered the "Father of
3270:Painting of the ancestors of the Li (李) family
2869:'s history, institutionalizing values such as
1252:during the Tang dynasty (755-763 AD), and the
719:, the Han Chinese trace their ancestry to the
14295:
14099:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting
13505:
13152:
12637:
12620:
12104:Cancer Virus: The story of Epstein-Barr Virus
11969:
11903:
11814:
10268:
10229:(Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. 1986) pp. 470–475.
9669:
9404:
9346:
9326:. Columbia University Press. pp. 33–34.
9189:China's Cosmopolitan Empire: The Tang Dynasty
8812:
7543:
7171:
7067:. Newspaper Enterprise Limited. p. 120.
6844:
6811:
6353:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6131:
5818:. Columbia University Press. pp. 33–34.
5544:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–10.
5210:
4895:
4608:
4253:
3845:(and subsequently used it to treat a form of
3835:Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology
3169:
3155:
3145:
3117:
3068:
2751:
2745:
2317:A female servant and male advisor dressed in
1826:
1800:
1598:tended to gather on inland plains, while the
884:, which is considered to be one of the first
375:
361:
15466:Ethnic groups officially recognized by China
12081:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
11386:"China's village doctors take great strides"
10080:
10056:Past Human Migrations in East Asia: Matching
9461:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 69–71.
9349:World History: Journeys from Past to Present
9108:
7674:(Master). National University of Singapore.
6818:. Chinese University Press. pp. 78–79.
6360:. Chinese University Press. pp. 37–38.
5969:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society
5649:
5531:
5257:. In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin (eds.).
5092:
5057:
4229:inland nationals with special living customs
2963:), literally the "Han language". Similarly,
2901:. But even among successful test takers and
2773:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
2321:, ceramic figurines from the Western Han era
2249:. King Zheng then gave himself a new title "
1203:Military garrisons and agricultural colonies
1018:; 'the Chinese immigrant'), meaning
16:East Asian ethnicity native to Greater China
12512:
12463:
12208:
12025:
11652:
11396:(12): 909–88. December 2008. Archived from
11370:(10): 737–816. October 2008. Archived from
10973:
10271:Let There be Peace - Ascension to Ivisimara
10170:
9745:
9205:
7877:
7814:
7491:2016 Population By-census – Summary Results
7393:
7134:
7132:
6805:
6779:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 190.
6697:. In Li, Tang; Winkler, Dietmar W. (eds.).
6438:. Stanford University Press. pp. 78–.
6399:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 213–14.
6221:
6176:
5951:
5731:
5343:Chinese Business: Landscapes and Strategies
5178:(2023), "Rethinking Han Chinese Identity",
4528:
4488:
4313:Demic diffusion and north-south differences
4227:. Han Chinese Muslims were categorised as "
4155:(though it is worth noting that there is a
3968:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2873:, which implied the performance of certain
1799:, the legendary leader of Youxiong tribes (
25:. For citizens and residents of China, see
14309:
14302:
14288:
13512:
13498:
13159:
13145:
12684:
10861:
10250:
10194:
10192:
9450:
9448:
9420:. University of Chicago Press. p. 1.
9365:
9211:
8930:
8892:
8293:
8010:
8008:
7696:
7521:2016 Population By-Census Detailed Results
6128:
5622:Encyclopedia of China: History and Culture
5577:Gyanendra Pandey; Peter Geschiere (2003).
4957:
4919:
4917:
4664:
4456:
4153:fall of imperial China in the 20th century
3578:(1020-1101) is recognized for inventing a
1594:settled in coastal regions and those from
1319:descended from Chinese nobility. Special "
1263:Modern Han Chinese subgroups, such as the
1093:, a different term exists – Tang Chinese (
13998:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
13166:
12984:
12974:
12933:
12923:
12882:
12812:
12765:
12755:
12708:
12661:
12638:Horai, Satoshi; Murayama, Kumiko (1996).
12489:
12401:
12357:
12347:
12298:
12204:
12202:
12200:
12198:
12178:
12168:
12051:
11987:
11842:
11832:
11786:
11776:
11725:
11622:
11612:
11554:
11459:
11410:
11390:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
11364:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
11336:. National Academy of Engineering. 2007.
10893:
10844:
10768:
10008:
9797:
9663:
9509:
9499:
9371:
9085:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9071:
8596:
8471:
8461:
8351:
8311:Modern East Asia: An Introductory History
7649:
7241:
7239:
7213:
7209:
7207:
6653:
6485:
6347:
6111:
6101:
6047:
5956:. Columbia University Press. p. 126.
5689:
5370:
4877:"Population by Ethnic Origin by Province"
4550:
4171:. In its original form, certain ideas in
3988:Learn how and when to remove this message
3543:
2967:, used to write the language, are called
2621:History of the People's Republic of China
2094:The Xia dynasty was overthrown after the
1809:tribes after defeating their leader, the
1022:. It has also given rise to the literary
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
13066:
13044:. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited.
12541:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
11173:
11069:
10812:
10293:
10014:
9992:(in Chinese (China)). 18 November 2014.
9908:
9622:China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs
9413:
9347:Goucher, Candice; Walton, Linda (2012).
9046:
8777:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 208.
8758:
8075:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 5.
7706:. Bangkok: Far Eastern Economic Review.
7697:Vatikiotis, Michael (12 February 1998).
7329:
7129:
7060:
6470:
6396:Public Spheres and Collective Identities
6307:. Chinese University Press. p. 223.
5966:
5887:
5885:
5784:
5782:
5775:. Columbia University Press. p. 59.
5727:
5725:
5664:
5614:
5612:
5473:
5366:
5364:
5362:
4901:
4303:
3999:
3888:, was regarded as the "Father of modern
3401:
3090:
2762:
2624:
2494:
2442:
2384:
2358:
2312:
2291:and supported by later scholars such as
2116:During the Shang dynasty, people of the
1768:
1573:
1415:
1381:
1342:
1303:
1219:
1181:
1171:
1150:
743:
12956:
12782:
12725:
12678:
12631:
12276:
12274:
12272:
12270:
11950:
11948:
10742:
10426:
10402:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
10296:"'Master of Light' awarded Nobel Prize"
10189:
9861:
9823:
9539:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 93.
9532:
9445:
9271:
8846:
8567:
8549:
8045:
8014:
8005:
7996:
7633:Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies
7061:Herklots, Geoffrey Alton Craig (1932).
6976:
5991:
5788:
5618:
5488:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5206:
5204:
5202:
4914:
4556:
4194:establishment of contact with Europeans
3926:Chinese folk religion in Southeast Asia
3808:-treatment known as encapsulated-human-
1958:Yangshao culture pottery (5000-3000 BC)
1944:Longshan culture pottery (3200-2000 BC)
1191:today with distinct regional features.
1000:; 'ethnic Chinese people') and
15453:
14018:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research
12195:
12138:
12136:
12074:
11899:
11897:
11703:
11701:
11582:
11580:
11578:
11576:
11574:
11535:The American Journal of Human Genetics
11524:
11522:
11482:
11236:
11001:from the original on 11 September 2015
10049:
9880:
9249:Asia Civilizations: Ancient to 1800 AD
9171:
9114:
9068:
8959:
8957:
8938:. Washington University in St. Louis.
8926:
8924:
8922:
8888:
8886:
8808:
8806:
8308:
8264:
7955:from the original on 23 September 2019
7790:"The Overseas Chinese: A Long History"
7787:
7630:. Politics and Public Administration.
7601:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p.
7430:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p.
7236:
7204:
7092:
6892:
6733:
6654:Dean, Kenneth; Zheng, Zhenman (2009).
6316:
6314:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6152:. Cambridge University Press. p.
5838:
5522:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
4589:
4105:indigenous Han philosophy and religion
2711:
2558:committed suicide. The Manchus of the
2170:, the Shang dynasty was overthrown by
1972:Erlitou culture pottery (1900-1500 BC)
1918:Neolithic forebears of the Han Chinese
1515:Overseas Chinese § Southeast Asia
1470:
1168:is also used to denote the same area.
587:
490:
32:For the Chinese imperial dynasty, see
14283:
13493:
13140:
12731:
11461:10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-020230
11441:
11423:from the original on 15 December 2020
11269:
11085:. Mcgill.ca. Retrieved on 2012-05-25.
10961:from the original on 25 November 2023
10948:
10724:from the original on 9 September 2020
10577:from the original on 16 December 2022
10520:from the original on 20 January 2024.
10457:
10340:from the original on 11 January 2022.
10113:
9886:
9855:
9619:
9565:
9186:
9089:
9009:
8942:from the original on 15 February 2024
8933:"Han-Nationalism Throughout the Ages"
8791:from the original on 14 December 2021
8710:from the original on 21 December 2016
8418:from the original on 14 December 2021
8397:
8224:"Common traits bind Jews and Chinese"
8095:
7796:from the original on 15 February 2024
7769:from the original on 15 February 2024
7571:from the original on 26 February 2021
7501:from the original on 20 November 2017
7471:from the original on 26 February 2021
7381:from the original on 14 December 2021
7266:from the original on 14 December 2021
7224:from the original on 14 December 2021
7071:from the original on 14 December 2021
7064:The Hong Kong Naturalist, Volumes 3-4
7018:
6977:Zhao, Zhenzhou; Lee, Wing On (2010).
6934:
6832:from the original on 29 December 2016
6772:
6692:
6596:from the original on 19 December 2016
6302:
5895:The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220)
5882:
5857:
5832:
5779:
5770:
5722:
5683:
5609:
5597:from the original on 14 December 2021
5467:
5448:
5359:
5248:
5246:
5211:Blackburn, Kevin; Hack, Karl (2012).
5174:
5015:from the original on 22 December 2020
4879:. Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
4856:from the original on 10 February 2021
4704:from the original on 14 February 2022
4652:from the original on 8 September 2020
4073:, mythological creatures such as the
3816:is the inventor of the world's first
3383:. Analyses throughout the reaches of
2562:then allied with former Ming general
2337:expanded militarily in all directions
2102:, who established the Shang dynasty (
1930:Cishan culture pottery (6000-5500 BC)
1451:except for the autonomous regions of
1378:Jin-Song wars and the Mongol invasion
1339:Tang dynasty and An Lu Shan rebellion
13039:
12829:from the original on 5 November 2021
12267:
12129:(6501): 282–288 – via Science.
11945:
11487:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.
11411:Anderlini, Jamil (7 November 2014).
11200:
11174:Maugh II, Thomas (2 December 1987).
10398:"Chern biography: Shiing-shen Chern"
10350:
10269:O'Doherty, Mark (24 November 2012).
9996:from the original on 4 December 2014
9766:from the original on 10 January 2017
9644:
9591:
9321:
8828:from the original on 7 February 2024
8740:from the original on 18 January 2019
8667:
8183:
8073:Interpreters in Early Imperial China
8070:
7925:from the original on 3 November 2021
7895:from the original on 27 October 2017
7861:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
7743:from the original on 27 October 2021
7594:
7554:
7454:
7418:
6621:. Barnes & Noble. p. 3.21.
6170:
5863:
5813:
5414:
5395:
5259:Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology
5199:
4958:Poston, Dudley; Wong, Juyin (2016).
4939:from the original on 30 October 2018
4768:from the original on 5 February 2024
3966:adding citations to reliable sources
3933:
2741:Descendants of Yan and Huang Emperor
1700:Han Chinese refer to themselves as "
1657:ethnic non-Han minority counterparts
845:of China, especially with regard to
130:Regions with significant populations
42:
15430:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
12133:
11894:
11698:
11571:
11519:
11413:"The rise of Christianity in China"
11270:Saxon, Wolfgang (7 December 2001).
11251:from the original on 25 August 2017
11237:Wright, Pearce (11 December 2001).
11218:from the original on 2 October 2012
11188:from the original on 5 October 2013
10684:"Dr. Monty Jones and Yuan Longping"
10559:
10492:
10427:Sanders, Robert (6 December 2004).
10420:
10389:
10126:from the original on 24 August 2015
10116:"2015 Hugo Award Winners Announced"
10062:from the original on 15 August 2021
9481:
9392:from the original on 2 October 2023
9246:
8954:
8919:
8883:
8803:
8680:from the original on 8 January 2018
8639:
8123:
8015:Jacques, Martin (26 October 2012).
7713:from the original on 16 August 2017
7667:
7625:
7531:from the original on 16 August 2021
7287:
7245:
7138:
6338:
6311:
6289:
5507:
5476:A Panoramic View of Chinese Culture
5371:Wilkinson, Endymion Porter (2015).
5340:
5252:
5124:from the original on 20 August 2017
4902:Macrohon, Pilar (21 January 2013).
4875:Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada.
4830:from the original on 27 August 2021
2700:Chinese government scaling back on
2610:
2221:
917:
847:people of non-Han Chinese ethnicity
13:
13004:
12645:American Journal of Human Genetics
12470:European Journal of Human Genetics
12321:
12287:European Journal of Human Genetics
12009:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
11976:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
11954:
11448:Annual Review of Political Science
11304:"News from the National Academies"
10926:. 30 December 1996. Archived from
10783:
10500:"Interview with Shiing Shen Chern"
10458:Chang, Kenneth (7 December 2004).
10095:from the original on 28 March 2024
9966:from the original on 22 March 2007
9937:from the original on 3 August 2020
9844:from the original on 3 August 2020
9733:from the original on 5 August 2016
8977:from the original on 30 March 2024
8907:from the original on 30 March 2024
8204:from the original on 14 April 2016
7350:from the original on 3 August 2020
7308:from the original on 3 August 2020
7220:. Harvard University. p. 14.
7192:from the original on 30 March 2019
7159:from the original on 3 August 2020
7117:from the original on 3 August 2020
7039:from the original on 3 August 2020
6997:from the original on 3 August 2020
6955:from the original on 3 August 2020
6913:from the original on 3 August 2020
6871:from the original on 14 April 2016
6851:Endymion Porter Wilkinson (2000).
6793:from the original on 3 August 2020
6754:from the original on 2 August 2020
6715:from the original on 2 August 2020
6674:from the original on 3 August 2020
6635:from the original on 14 April 2016
6521:from the original on 3 August 2020
6501:John Lagerwey; Pengzhi Lü (2009).
6452:from the original on 14 April 2016
6413:from the original on 14 April 2016
6374:from the original on 2 August 2020
6251:from the original on 14 April 2016
5926:
5558:from the original on 14 April 2016
5400:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 6.
5243:
5041:. 17 December 2020. Archived from
4883:from the original on 22 March 2016
4824:"Topic: Demographics of Singapore"
4622:from the original on 15 March 2020
4423:from Yinxu commoner graves in the
4325:
2243:conquest of all other rival states
2003:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1985:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1914:, China's first confirmed dynasty.
1785:, while the Han dynasty historian
14:
15477:
13120:
13098:The Han: China's Diverse Majority
12078:A History of Chinese Civilization
11340:from the original on 15 June 2013
11104:. Gg.ca. Retrieved on 2020-03-03.
10694:from the original on 25 June 2020
10633:from the original on 24 June 2021
10603:from the original on 5 March 2012
10480:from the original on 25 July 2018
10306:from the original on 7 March 2021
9690:from the original on 26 July 2020
9573:Surnames and Han Chinese Identity
9301:. Penguin Press HC. p. 121.
9151:. Penguin Press HC. p. 122.
8027:from the original on 23 July 2018
7678:from the original on 8 March 2021
7561:Harvard International Law Journal
7461:Harvard International Law Journal
6148:A History of Chinese Civilization
5752:from the original on 8 March 2021
5710:from the original on 9 March 2021
5231:from the original on 8 March 2021
4431:Closely related East Asian groups
4027:neighboring cultures in East Asia
3363:There is no one specific uniform
3178:) of pooled earnings and assets.
2074:Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project
1719:agricultural tribes known as the
1508:
1424:
748:Han Chinese in traditional attire
15435:Immigrant ethnic groups in China
14182:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute
13594:
13125:
13096:Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka (2015).
12950:
12899:
12732:Pan, Ziqing; Xu, Shuhua (2019).
12614:
12588:
12545:
12506:
12110:
12095:
12068:
12019:
11996:
11963:
11859:
11742:
11510:
11501:
11435:
11404:
11378:
11352:
11326:
11314:from the original on 12 May 2013
11296:
11284:from the original on 12 May 2013
11263:
11230:
11167:
11155:from the original on 14 May 2013
11137:
11125:from the original on 12 May 2013
11107:
11088:
11013:
10910:
10736:
10706:
10676:
10664:from the original on 26 May 2021
10645:
10589:
10524:
10451:
10439:from the original on 8 June 2021
10363:
10344:
10318:
10294:Ferguson, Ben (7 October 2009).
10287:
10138:
10107:
10081:Julia Lovell (5 February 2016).
10074:
10050:Sagart, Laurent (January 2008).
10043:
9978:
9949:
9866:. Pomegranate. pp. 131–42.
9817:
9791:
9778:
9706:
9638:
9585:
9526:
9475:
9340:
9297:Amy Chua; Jed Rubenfeld (2014).
9265:
9240:
9180:
9133:
9040:
8989:
8840:
8764:
8722:
8633:
8561:
8543:
8488:
8429:
8391:
8368:
8327:
8302:
8287:
8258:
8216:
8177:
8142:
8089:
8064:
8039:
8001:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5.
7990:
7967:
7808:
7781:
7495:Census and Statistics Department
4804:from the original on 4 July 2018
4577:from the original on 7 June 2020
4083:Duanwu (or Dragon Boat) Festival
4004:A traditional representation of
3938:
3827:combined oral contraceptive pill
3338:
3324:
3310:
3296:
3276:
3262:
3248:
3234:
3220:
2704:for ethnic minorities under the
2617:History of the Republic of China
2339:. Many Chinese scholars such as
2083:
2076:drew the connection between the
1978:
1964:
1950:
1936:
1922:
1690:
1681:
1467:are the majority, respectively.
47:
12652:(3). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
12390:Molecular Biology and Evolution
10597:"The Wolf Prize in Agriculture"
10396:O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F.
10247:Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 448.
10238:Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 445.
9752:Gerolamo Emilio Gerini (1895).
9676:. Long River Press. p. 7.
9596:. Long River Press. p. 3.
9553:from the original on 6 May 2023
9032:. 26 April 2017. Archived from
7859:"American FactFinder - Results"
7755:
7725:
7619:
7513:
7483:
7448:
7412:
7330:Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2010).
7214:Entenmann, Robert Eric (1982).
6938:China: An Environmental History
6766:
6727:
6686:
6647:
6608:
6570:
6533:
6479:
6464:
6332:
6263:
5994:Written Language & Literacy
5985:
5960:
5945:
5920:
5891:
5807:
5764:
5658:
5643:
5482:
5442:
5389:
5334:
5291:
5168:
5136:
5027:
4997:
4951:
4933:Australian Bureau of Statistics
4868:
4842:
4816:
4413:single-nucleotide polymorphisms
3059:List of common Chinese surnames
3021:During the early 20th century,
2683:China marked Han chauvinism as
2472:
2373:Northern and Southern dynasties
2182:in the 2nd millennium BCE. The
2155:
1411:
1333:Uprising of the Five Barbarians
1316:Uprising of the Five Barbarians
1246:Uprising of the Five Barbarians
1216:Historical southward migrations
1124:: "street of the Tang people" (
857:
696:, making up about 17.5% of the
655:
631:
614:
583:
569:
555:
534:
513:
36:. For the spoken language, see
14129:EAFF E-1 Football Championship
14104:East Asian Football Federation
13080:University of California Press
12601:. Retrieved 15 May 2017, from
11827:(published 6 April 2018): 19.
11043:10.1080/00015458.2008.11680243
10949:Knapp, Alex (27 August 2020).
10918:"Dr David Ho, Man of the Year"
9482:Guo, Xiaolin (17 March 2022).
9272:Richter, Frank-Jurgen (2002).
8151:Journal of Conflict Resolution
7626:Han, Enze (28 December 2017).
5696:. Routledge. pp. 162–64.
5650:Schliesinger, Joachim (2016).
5300:Journal of Conflict Resolution
5101:The Republic of China Yearbook
5035:"Chinese Ethnicities: The Han"
4780:
4746:
4716:
4690:
4634:
4523:
4514:
4506:
4483:
4474:
4466:
4245:Genetic history of East Asians
3156:
3146:
3118:
3039:Traditional Chinese characters
2978:
2972:
2958:
2952:
2877:. Thus, villagers lavished on
2785:East Asian neighbors as well.
2752:
2746:
2601:one of the bloodiest conflicts
2302:
2267:
2226:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2012:
1998:
1991:Records of the Grand Historian
1792:Records of the Grand Historian
1495:special administrative regions
1370:
1365:
1165:
1161:
1140:
1107:
1098:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1014:
1009:
1005:
996:
991:
987:
974:
969:
965:
960:
955:
951:
942:
937:
933:
906:
901:
897:
886:golden ages in Chinese history
872:
867:
863:
852:
834:
830:
819:
814:
810:
799:
794:
790:
489:
475:
461:
445:
431:
417:
376:
362:
112:
108:
1:
14177:Journal of East Asian Studies
14114:East Asian Judo Championships
13961:East Asia Climate Partnership
13519:
12531:10.1080/03014460.2019.1632930
11923:10.13110/humanbiology.91.4.05
7651:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409172
7525:Statistics and Census Service
7497:. February 2016. p. 37.
7291:China: A New Cultural History
6693:Xu, Bin; Xie, Bizhen (2013).
6490:. Cambridge University Press.
5967:Schaefer, Richard T. (2008).
5839:Tanner, Harold Miles (2010).
5373:Chinese History: A New Manual
4698:"confirmed latest statistics"
4544:
3572:water-powered celestial globe
3538:Hans Christian Andersen Award
3493:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3391:
3063:Through China, the notion of
3035:Simplified Chinese characters
2525:Han-centered concept of China
2500:Tea competition in Song China
2136:of the Zhou dynasty defeated
2103:
1892:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1759:various non-Han ethnic groups
1748: In addition, numerous
1662:
1071:
760:'s contemporaries during the
704:and 97% of the population in
14200:Horses in East Asian warfare
13743:other ethnic groups in China
13030:Resources in other libraries
12710:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000075
12170:10.1371/journal.pone.0125676
11880:10.1016/0035-9203(71)90185-4
11778:10.1371/journal.pone.0125676
11614:10.1371/journal.pone.0125676
11334:"Dr. Yuan-Cheng 'Bert' Fung"
11308:National Academy of Sciences
11212:National Academy of Sciences
11119:National Academy of Sciences
10983:Light, Leti McNeill (2015).
9276:. Quorum Books. p. 15.
9115:Goscha, Christopher (2016).
9047:Mimi Lau (5 December 2019).
8893:Ian Buruma (February 2022).
8849:The Journal of Asian Studies
7985:Migration Information Source
7765:. GETChina Insights. 2021 .
6326:Complete History of the Tang
6237:. Routledge. pp. 191–.
6103:10.1371/journal.pone.0125676
5428:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 89–90.
4964:Chinese Journal of Sociology
4563:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 89–95.
4411:Comparisons of Y chromosome
4190:Christian influence in China
4079:traditional Chinese holidays
4046:, while in recent centuries
3859:follicle-stimulating hormone
3800:is the inventor of the drug
3758:organic light-emitting diode
2661:to overthrow the Manchu-led
2632:, the father of modern China
2582:ordered construction of the
1850:has enabled a succession of
1841:Descendants of Yan and Huang
1755:successive Chinese dynasties
1702:Descendants of Yan and Huang
1608:indigenous Taiwanese peoples
878:Northern and Southern period
876:) first appeared during the
694:world's largest ethnic group
7:
12703:(published 2013): 477–485.
12554:Science China Life Sciences
9915:Sandra Lee Evenson (2014).
9713:Edward J.M. Rhoads (2000).
9645:Zhou, Xibao (周锡保) (2002).
9414:McKnight, Brian E. (1983).
9247:Lim, SK (1 November 2011).
9187:Lewis, Mark Edward (2012).
9172:Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012).
8294:Stuart-Fox, Martin (2003).
8163:10.1177/0022002795039003004
5625:. Checkmark Books. p.
5538:Erica Fox Brindley (2015).
5312:10.1177/0022002795039003004
4762:United States Census Bureau
4728:United States Census Bureau
4238:
4065:, heroic personnel such as
3911:
3825:was the co-inventor of the
3794:magazine Person of the Year
3760:(OLED) and hetero-junction
3554:List of Chinese discoveries
3385:Northern and Southern China
2977:; traditional Chinese:
2957:; traditional Chinese:
2930:
2140:(the last Shang king), and
1156:
739:
10:
15482:
14254:Needham Research Institute
14162:East Asia Image Collection
14157:East Asian Economic Review
13592:
12757:10.1186/s41065-020-00162-w
12440:10.1002/9780470720639.ch11
11547:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.016
11149:Britannica Online for Kids
10837:10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.027
9892:Kimono: Fashioning Culture
9582:, University of Washington
9533:Minahan, James B. (2014).
9372:Smolnikov, Sergey (2018).
8598:10.1038/d41586-019-01214-6
8495:Zhang, Menghan; Yan, Shi;
8387:(2700) – via Nature.
7997:Roberts, John A.G (2001).
5868:. Greenwood. p. 403.
5789:Minahan, James B. (2015).
5665:Holcombe, Charles (2017).
5489:Minahan, James B. (2015).
5424:Minahan, James B. (2015).
4557:Minahan, James B. (2014).
4382:and Bronze Age natives of
4254:Internal genetic structure
4242:
4225:Chinese Muslim Association
3915:
3756:, was the inventor of the
3592:, which employed an early
3550:List of Chinese inventions
3547:
3526:Nobel Prize for Literature
3395:
3356:
3080:
3076:
3052:
3023:written vernacular Chinese
2940:
2934:
2715:
2677:People's Republic of China
2614:
2554:'s peasant rebels and the
2527:, and regarded expelling "
2476:
2362:
2343:believe that the concept (
2306:
2230:
2204:Hundred Schools of Thought
2159:
2087:
2016:
1982:
1773:Tomb of Huangdi in Shaanxi
1757:and their assimilation of
1739:Excessive citations inline
1666:
1636:
1632:
1617:
1559:
1540:, and to a lesser extent,
1512:
1474:
1445:People's Republic of China
1428:
1175:
31:
20:
15425:
15385:
15320:
15266:
15167:
15112:
14994:
14768:
14722:
14692:
14621:
14573:
14541:
14504:
14400:
14339:
14330:
14317:
14244:
14190:
14137:
14089:
14051:
14033:Human rights in East Asia
13984:
13951:
13918:Sino-Xenic pronunciations
13763:
13603:
13527:
13177:
13025:Resources in your library
12976:10.1038/s41422-020-0322-9
12925:10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5
12044:10.1038/s41422-020-0322-9
11834:10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5
11727:10.1007/s10038-008-0250-x
11714:Journal of Human Genetics
10743:Forrest, Stephen (2012).
10545:10.1007/s00025-011-0196-8
10171:Yigitcanlar, Tan (2016).
9862:Stevens, Rebecca (1996).
9800:Journal of Design History
9501:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.747296
9176:. AuthorHouse. p. 2.
9026:"皇汉史观今天我们如何定义中国|多维新闻网|中国"
8895:"The Great Wall of Steel"
8521:10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z
8353:10.1007/s10038-008-0250-x
8340:Journal of Human Genetics
8250:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
8184:West, Barbara A. (2009).
8128:. Wiley. pp. 66–67.
7737:worldpopulationreview.com
6935:Marks, Robert B. (2017).
6854:Chinese History: A Manual
6540:Nicolas Olivier Tackett.
5771:Cohen, Warren I. (2000).
5654:. Booksmango. p. 14.
5619:Perkins, Dorothy (1998).
5580:The Forging of Nationhood
5449:Duara, Prasenjit (2003).
5345:. Routledge. p. 34.
5217:. NUS Press. p. 96.
4206:Chinese Rites controversy
3898:World Health Organization
3865:(the key hormone used in
3851:growth hormone deficiency
3762:organic photovoltaic cell
3703:, a concept now known as
3689:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3170:
3136:
3101:Night Revels of Han Xizai
3069:
2971:(simplified Chinese:
2951:(simplified Chinese:
2887:classical Confucian texts
2758:Mainland China and Taiwan
2595:erupted in 1850 from the
2258:
1896: 1900–1500 BCE
1885: 3000–2000 BCE
1874: 5000–3000 BCE
1863: 6500–5000 BCE
1827:
1801:
1731:basins in Northern China.
1613:
1555:
1485:Demographics of Hong Kong
1455:(38% or 40% in 2010) and
1129:
1074:
783:are commonly referred as
680:, or colloquially simply
666:
645:
638:
621:
604:
597:
576:
562:
548:
541:
527:
520:
506:
499:
482:
468:
454:
438:
424:
410:
403:
398:
394:
383:
369:
355:
351:
346:
317:
312:
281:
276:
269:
264:
254:
244:
234:
224:
214:
204:
194:
184:
174:
164:
154:
144:
134:
129:
124:
119:
106:
15405:Local ethnic nationalism
14324:recognized ethnic groups
12796:Annals of Human Genetics
12692:Annals of Human Genetics
12328:BMC Evolutionary Biology
12075:Gernet, Jacques (1996).
11989:10.3389/fevo.2022.853391
11100:6 September 2023 at the
11037:(3, May–June): 367–378.
11021:pancreas transplantation
10718:China Central Television
10623:"Obituary Yuan Longping"
10273:. Lulu.com. p. 57.
10114:Kevin (23 August 2015).
9649:. 中国戏剧出版社. p. 449.
9646:
9578:22 November 2009 at the
9455:Wolfgang Franke (1960).
9174:East Asia: A New History
9054:South China Morning Post
8313:. Routledge. p. 7.
8100:. Springer. p. 26.
7405:13 February 2021 at the
6734:Szonyi, Michael (2002).
6507:. Brill. pp. 831–.
6486:Hashimoto, Anne (1972).
6471:Kurpaska, Maria (2010).
6343:. John Wiley & Sons.
5954:China: A Religious State
5793:. ABC-CLIO. p. 92.
5583:. Manohar. p. 102.
5523:Szonyi, Michael (2002).
5493:. ABC-CLIO. p. 91.
5271:10.1007/0-387-29905-X_73
5086:
5065:
4976:10.1177/2057150X16655077
4601:17 February 2023 at the
4449:
4162:During the Han dynasty,
3481:Dream of the Red Chamber
3048:
1910:and the founding of the
1795:places the reign of the
1579:Lungshan Temple of Manka
880:and was inspired by the
585:Cantonese pronunciation:
357:Traditional Chinese
107:
14119:East Asian martial arts
14066:Archaeological cultures
13070:, Thomas Shawn (2012).
12608:7 February 2017 at the
12599:The Genographic Project
12519:Annals of Human Biology
12349:10.1186/1471-2148-8-146
12300:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201998
11442:Jiang, Yi-Huah (2018).
11025:University of Minnesota
10216:Needham, Volume 4, 470.
10207:Needham, Volume 3, 351.
9592:Yang, Shaorong (2004).
9488:Frontiers in Psychology
9322:Kang, David C. (2012).
9251:. ASIAPAC. p. 89.
9015:《凭栏观史》第34期:中国到底有没有大汉族主义
8700:"China The Zhou Period"
8630:, pp. 10319–10320.
8463:10.1073/pnas.1817972116
8401:The Shape of the Turtle
8273:. AltaMira. p. 8.
8046:Minahan, James (2014).
7979:29 January 2014 at the
7817:Southeast Asian Affairs
7792:. UNESDOC. p. 24.
7668:Yim, Onn Siong (2005).
7186:Encyclopædia Britannica
6773:Zheng, Zhenman (2001).
6303:Clark, Hugh R. (2007).
6231:Edward Vickers (2013).
6144:Jacques Gernet (1996).
5843:. Hackett. p. 83.
5814:Kang, David C. (2012).
5478:. Simon & Schuster.
5176:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley
3352:
3304:Imperial Ancestral Hall
3228:Ma (马) family genealogy
3008:forms of spoken Chinese
2983:) or "Han characters".
2646:Han Chinese superiority
2416:non-Han nomadic peoples
2041:genealogical succession
1744:considered for deletion
1602:inhabited hilly areas.
1457:Tibet Autonomous Region
946:) in texts to describe
862:The name 'Han people' (
777:non-Han Chinese peoples
688:ethnic group native to
371:Simplified Chinese
15440:Historic ethnic groups
14311:Ethnic groups in China
14246:Science and technology
14230:The Book of Five Rings
14124:East Asian Youth Games
13040:Yuan, Haiwang (2006).
12875:10.1126/sciadv.1601877
12750:(published 2020): 49.
12015:– via Frontiers.
11483:Austin, Alvyn (2007).
10533:Results in Mathematics
9824:Liddell, Jill (1989),
9670:Shaorong Yang (2004).
8813:Yonglin Jiang (2018).
8640:Guo, Rongxing (2010).
8309:Miller, David (2007).
8124:Guo, Rongxing (2016).
7788:Zhuang, Guotu (2021).
7019:Marks, Robert (1998).
6893:Foster, Simon (2010).
6812:Hugh R. Clark (2007).
6660:. BRILL. p. 341.
6354:Hugh R. Clark (2007).
6339:Guo, Rongxing (2011).
6040:10.1098/rstb.2007.2028
6006:10.1075/wll.15.1.06leu
5396:Yuan, Haiwang (2006).
5073:. 2016. Archived from
4929:2016 Census QuickStats
4309:
4011:
3831:in vitro fertilization
3560:science and technology
3544:Science and technology
3536:was bestowed with the
3410:
3112:
2781:
2702:preferential treatment
2633:
2502:
2450:
2398:
2322:
2198:(770–476 BCE) and the
2098:, around 1600 BCE, by
1900:Sino-Tibetan languages
1774:
1582:
1570:Demographics of Taiwan
1421:
1389:
1353:
1311:
1233:
1232:in the 2nd century BC.
1187:
1115:, regarded as another
749:
13529:Countries and regions
13134:at Wikimedia Commons
12805:John Wiley & Sons
12701:John Wiley & Sons
12403:10.1093/molbev/msq063
9917:"Hanfu Chinese robes"
8644:. Wiley. p. 10.
8398:Allan, Sarah (1991),
8381:Nature Communications
8096:Zhang, Qizhi (2016).
8071:Lung, Rachel (2011).
7983:, By Malia Politzer,
7555:Chua, Amy L. (2000).
7455:Chua, Amy L. (2000).
7377:. 2004. p. 631.
7288:Hsu, Cho-yun (2012).
7246:Shi, Zhihong (2017).
5927:Li, Xiaobing (2012).
5474:Dingming, Wu (2014).
5261:. Springer. pp.
5087:臺灣住民以漢人為最大族群,約占總人口97%
4307:
4223:, the founder of the
4035:Chinese folk religion
4003:
3918:Chinese folk religion
3814:Thomas Ming Swi Chang
3725:differential geometry
3566:. The innovations of
3564:Four Great Inventions
3448:. Canonical works of
3427:Analects of Confucius
3405:
3332:Chen (陳) clan academy
3318:Ming tombs in Nanjing
3284:Painting of ancestors
3094:
3043:mutually intelligible
3016:Chinese folk religion
2766:
2648:a basic tenet of the
2628:
2537:Red Turban Rebellions
2498:
2446:
2433:adopting Han surnames
2388:
2359:Three Kingdoms to Jin
2316:
1772:
1723:that lived along the
1577:
1489:Demographics of Macau
1439:Han Chinese subgroups
1435:Demographics of China
1419:
1385:
1346:
1307:
1223:
1185:
1178:Han Chinese subgroups
1172:Han Chinese subgroups
747:
733:non-Han ethnic groups
313:Related ethnic groups
291:Chinese folk religion
14269:Traditional medicine
14167:East Asia Law Review
14023:East Asian Community
13713:Indigenous Taiwanese
13076:Berkeley, California
12482:10.1038/ejhg.2011.64
11400:on 12 December 2008.
11081:27 July 2017 at the
10798:10.1038/nchembio.482
10770:10.1557/mrs.2012.125
10336:. 22 November 2009.
9620:Brown, John (2006).
8997:"Revolution of 1911"
8628:Sagart et al. (2019)
7333:The History of China
7139:Yao, Yifeng (2016).
6549:History.berkeley.edu
6277:(in Chinese (China))
5732:Sheng Lijun (2002).
5253:Liu, Xingwu (2004).
4850:"The World Factbook"
3962:improve this section
3869:, an example is the
3843:human growth hormone
3459:government positions
3452:, Confucianism, and
3416:classical literature
3142:Han Chinese families
2899:imperial bureaucracy
2895:government positions
2851:World Heritage Sites
2791:Chinese architecture
2695:since its founding.
2663:Qing dynasty in 1912
2574:and established the
2393:in 742, showing the
2284:in Chinese history.
2251:First Emperor of Qin
1848:archaeological sites
1459:(8% in 2014), where
1358:An Lu Shan rebellion
1250:An Lu Shan rebellion
1186:Han Chinese children
964:) or 'various Xia' (
710:Chinese Singaporeans
589:[hɔ̄ːntsʊ̀k]
334:Sino-Tibetan peoples
13694:Khalkha in Mongolia
12867:2017SciA....3E1877S
12340:2008BMCEE...8..146L
12238:10.1038/nature02878
12230:2004Natur.431..302W
12161:2015PLoSO..1025676Z
11769:2015PLoSO..1025676Z
11676:10.1038/nature02878
11668:2004Natur.431..302W
11605:2015PLoSO..1025676Z
10930:on 30 December 2011
10761:2012MRSBu..37..552F
10333:The Daily Telegraph
10146:"HCAA 2016 Winners"
9036:on 13 January 2020.
8931:Weiying Wu (2023).
8589:2019Natur.569...45L
8513:2019Natur.569..112Z
8454:2019PNAS..11610317S
8448:(21): 10319–10320.
7891:. 25 October 2017.
6199:10.1038/nature02878
6191:2004Natur.431..302W
6094:2015PLoSO..1025676Z
5864:Ueda, Reed (2017).
5156:on 16 February 2016
5077:on 18 February 2017
5005:"在日华人统计人口达92万创历史新高"
4511:traditional Chinese
4471:traditional Chinese
4095:Mid-Autumn Festival
4031:religious pluralism
4007:The Vinegar Tasters
3906:preventive medicine
3902:primary health care
3884:. The bio-engineer
3863:luteinizing hormone
3798:Patrick Soon-Shiong
3766:Organic Electronics
3499:Journey to the West
3014:, ritual texts for
2712:Culture and society
2576:Kingdom of Tungning
2422:established by the
2122:Yangtze River Delta
2053:traditional Chinese
1817:. The newly merged
1471:Hong Kong and Macau
1356:In the wake of the
103:
14172:East Asian studies
13868:Hip-and-gable roof
13863:Chinese characters
13132:Han Chinese people
13116:(paperback: 2017).
12566:10.1007/BF02882691
11516:白崇禧先生访问纪录(下册)第五七四章
11310:. 4 January 2007.
11277:The New York Times
10988:(print and online)
10714:"CCTV-"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平"
10658:The New York Times
10507:Notices of the AMS
10466:The New York Times
10152:on 22 October 2016
10088:The New York Times
9812:10.1093/jdh/epw042
8668:Theobald, Ulrich.
7999:A History of China
7595:Chua, Amy (2003).
5341:Liu, Hong (2017).
5194:10.1093/jdh/epw042
5039:The Beijing Center
4734:on 12 October 2016
4503:simplified Chinese
4497:ethnic group'
4463:simplified Chinese
4310:
4091:Zhongyuan Festival
4012:
3740:." The agronomist
3411:
3398:Chinese literature
3197:servants' quarters
3113:
2965:Chinese characters
2835:Chinese philosophy
2831:Chinese numerology
2819:Chinese literature
2782:
2650:Chinese revolution
2634:
2550:, was captured by
2535:in 1368 after the
2503:
2451:
2399:
2323:
2096:Battle of Mingtiao
2045:simplified Chinese
1852:Neolithic cultures
1775:
1583:
1521:population genetic
1422:
1390:
1354:
1312:
1234:
1188:
762:Warring States era
750:
101:
66:You can assist by
15448:
15447:
14617:
14616:
14277:
14276:
14028:Four Asian Tigers
13487:
13486:
13423:Teochew Taiwanese
13312:Teochew Taiwanese
13130:Media related to
13106:978-0-295-99467-3
13051:978-1-59158-294-6
13011:Library resources
12814:10.1111/ahg.12320
12699:(10). Cambridge:
12263:on 24 March 2009.
12088:978-0-521-49781-7
11662:(7006): 302–305.
11494:978-0-8028-2975-7
11181:Los Angeles Times
11145:"Chang Min-Chueh"
11115:"Min Chueh Chang"
10371:"Chien-Shiung Wu"
9930:978-0-7591-2150-8
9901:978-0-295-98155-0
9873:978-0-87654-598-0
9837:978-0-525-24574-2
9759:The Bangkok Times
9726:978-0-295-98040-9
9683:978-1-59265-019-4
9656:978-7-104-00359-5
9631:978-1-4196-4893-9
9603:978-1-59265-019-4
9468:978-0-674-75250-4
9427:978-0-226-56060-1
9101:978-1-5036-2498-6
8970:The SAIS Observer
8900:Harper's Magazine
8822:Bryn Mawr College
8784:978-0-7546-1793-8
8674:Chinaknowledge.de
8651:978-0-470-82604-1
8507:(7754): 112–115.
8411:978-0-791-40460-7
8320:978-0-765-61823-8
8280:978-0-759-10458-7
8197:978-1-438-11913-7
8135:978-3-319-32305-3
8107:978-3-662-51507-5
8082:978-90-272-2444-6
8057:978-1-61069-017-1
7841:Project MUSE
7612:978-0-385-72186-8
7441:978-0-385-72186-8
6864:978-0-674-00249-4
6825:978-962-996-227-2
6628:978-0-7607-1976-3
6589:978-0-7607-1973-2
6514:978-90-04-17585-3
6445:978-0-8047-2857-7
6406:978-1-4128-3248-9
6367:978-962-996-227-2
6271:""衣冠南渡"字的解释 | 汉典"
6244:978-1-135-40500-7
6163:978-0-521-49781-7
6034:(1482): 987–996.
5978:978-1-4129-2694-2
5938:978-81-8274-611-4
5875:978-1-4408-2864-5
5850:978-1-60384-204-4
5825:978-0-231-15319-5
5800:978-1-61069-017-1
5745:978-981-230-110-9
5703:978-1-135-04635-4
5636:978-0-8160-2693-7
5590:978-81-7304-425-0
5551:978-1-316-35228-1
5500:978-1-61069-017-1
5435:978-1-61069-017-1
5407:978-1-59158-294-6
5382:978-0-674-08846-7
5352:978-1-138-91825-2
5280:978-0-306-47754-6
5224:978-9971-69-599-6
5114:978-986-04-2302-0
4678:on 4 January 2011
4616:"Taiwan snapshot"
4570:978-1-610-69018-8
4531:
4491:
4421:mitochondrial DNA
4417:mitochondrial DNA
4348:Haplogroup Q-M120
4344:Haplogroup N-M231
4336:Haplogroup O-M175
4332:Haplogroup O-M122
4249:Peopling of China
4087:Qingming Festival
4059:Chinese mythology
4044:Mahayana Buddhism
3998:
3997:
3990:
3930:Religion in China
3867:fertility testing
3720:Shiing-Shen Chern
3716:Manhattan Project
3613:Chinese dynasties
3421:Classic of Poetry
3347:
3333:
3319:
3305:
3285:
3271:
3257:
3243:
3229:
3099:Chinese painting
3028:written Cantonese
2861:. Throughout the
2827:Chinese mythology
2807:Chinese festivals
2689:ethnic minorities
2667:Republic of China
2593:Taiping Rebellion
2556:Chongzhen Emperor
2501:
2449:
2196:Spring and Autumn
2128:, elder uncle of
1973:
1959:
1945:
1931:
1904:Sinitic languages
1831:) tribes, at the
1815:Battle of Banquan
1406:Pearl River Delta
1388:
1352:
1326:Celestial Masters
1314:The chaos of the
1310:
1254:Jingkang incident
698:global population
670:
669:
662:
661:
550:Yale Romanization
470:Yale Romanization
405:Standard Mandarin
342:
341:
180:3.80–5.79 million
96:
95:
88:
15473:
15306:Tajiks (Pamiris)
14337:
14336:
14304:
14297:
14290:
14281:
14280:
14212:Miyamoto Musashi
14109:East Asian Games
14081:Former countries
14013:East Asia Summit
13843:Chinese knotting
13598:
13514:
13507:
13500:
13491:
13490:
13431:
13419:
13402:
13320:
13161:
13154:
13147:
13138:
13137:
13129:
13093:
13063:
12999:
12998:
12988:
12978:
12954:
12948:
12947:
12937:
12927:
12903:
12897:
12896:
12886:
12855:Science Advances
12849:February 2017).
12845:
12839:
12838:
12836:
12834:
12816:
12803:(2). Cambridge:
12786:
12780:
12779:
12769:
12759:
12729:
12723:
12722:
12712:
12682:
12676:
12675:
12665:
12635:
12629:
12628:
12618:
12612:
12592:
12586:
12585:
12549:
12543:
12542:
12510:
12504:
12503:
12493:
12461:
12452:
12451:
12422:
12416:
12415:
12405:
12381:
12372:
12371:
12361:
12351:
12322:Li, Hui (2008).
12319:
12313:
12312:
12302:
12278:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12256:. Archived from
12224:(7006): 302–05.
12215:
12206:
12193:
12192:
12182:
12172:
12140:
12131:
12130:
12114:
12108:
12107:
12099:
12093:
12092:
12072:
12066:
12065:
12055:
12023:
12017:
12016:
12000:
11994:
11993:
11991:
11967:
11961:
11960:
11952:
11943:
11942:
11901:
11892:
11891:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11846:
11836:
11812:
11801:
11800:
11790:
11780:
11746:
11740:
11739:
11729:
11705:
11696:
11695:
11650:
11637:
11636:
11626:
11616:
11584:
11569:
11568:
11558:
11526:
11517:
11514:
11508:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11480:
11474:
11473:
11463:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11428:
11408:
11402:
11401:
11382:
11376:
11375:
11356:
11350:
11349:
11347:
11345:
11330:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11319:
11300:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11267:
11261:
11260:
11258:
11256:
11234:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11223:
11204:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11193:
11171:
11165:
11164:
11162:
11160:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11130:
11111:
11105:
11092:
11086:
11073:
11067:
11066:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11008:
11006:
11000:
10989:
10980:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10966:
10946:
10940:
10939:
10937:
10935:
10914:
10908:
10907:
10897:
10886:10.1038/nbt.1732
10865:
10859:
10858:
10848:
10831:(6): 1368–1380.
10816:
10810:
10809:
10781:
10775:
10774:
10772:
10740:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10729:
10710:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10699:
10688:World Food Prize
10680:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10669:
10649:
10643:
10642:
10640:
10638:
10619:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10608:
10593:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10582:
10563:
10557:
10556:
10528:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10504:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10485:
10463:
10455:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10444:
10424:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10404:. Archived from
10393:
10387:
10386:
10384:
10382:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10329:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10311:
10291:
10285:
10284:
10266:
10257:
10254:
10248:
10245:
10239:
10236:
10230:
10225:Joseph Needham,
10223:
10217:
10214:
10208:
10205:
10199:
10196:
10187:
10186:
10168:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10157:
10148:. Archived from
10142:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10131:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10100:
10078:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10012:
10006:
10005:
10003:
10001:
9982:
9976:
9975:
9973:
9971:
9953:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9942:
9912:
9906:
9905:
9884:
9878:
9877:
9859:
9853:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9821:
9815:
9814:
9795:
9789:
9786:Chinese Clothing
9782:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9771:
9762:. pp. 11–.
9749:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9738:
9710:
9704:
9703:
9697:
9695:
9667:
9661:
9660:
9642:
9636:
9635:
9617:
9608:
9607:
9589:
9583:
9571:Ebrey, Patricia
9569:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9558:
9530:
9524:
9523:
9513:
9503:
9479:
9473:
9472:
9452:
9443:
9442:
9436:
9434:
9411:
9402:
9401:
9399:
9397:
9369:
9363:
9362:
9344:
9338:
9337:
9319:
9313:
9312:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9269:
9263:
9262:
9244:
9238:
9237:
9226:10.2307/20038053
9209:
9203:
9202:
9184:
9178:
9177:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9137:
9131:
9130:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9087:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9044:
9038:
9037:
9022:
9016:
9013:
9007:
9006:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8973:. 7 April 2014.
8961:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8937:
8928:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8890:
8881:
8880:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8819:
8810:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8768:
8762:
8756:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8745:
8734:Claytonbrown.org
8726:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8715:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8687:
8685:
8665:
8656:
8655:
8637:
8631:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8600:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8475:
8465:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8372:
8366:
8365:
8355:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8249:
8241:
8239:
8237:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8121:
8112:
8111:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8068:
8062:
8061:
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8012:
8003:
8002:
7994:
7988:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7870:
7865:on 11 April 2019
7855:
7849:
7848:
7812:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7705:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7665:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7640:(1). Hong Kong:
7623:
7617:
7616:
7592:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7552:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7536:
7517:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7487:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7452:
7446:
7445:
7416:
7410:
7397:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7369:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7327:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7285:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7243:
7234:
7233:
7231:
7229:
7211:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7178:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7136:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7122:
7090:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7058:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7016:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6974:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6932:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6890:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6557:
6551:. Archived from
6546:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6379:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6336:
6330:
6329:
6318:
6309:
6308:
6300:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6228:
6219:
6218:
6185:(7006): 302–05.
6174:
6168:
6167:
6151:
6141:
6126:
6125:
6115:
6105:
6071:
6062:
6061:
6051:
6019:
6010:
6009:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5907:
5900:
5889:
5880:
5879:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5786:
5777:
5776:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5729:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5676:978-1-10754489-5
5662:
5656:
5655:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5616:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5520:
5505:
5504:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5421:
5412:
5411:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5368:
5357:
5356:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5295:
5289:
5288:
5250:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5208:
5197:
5196:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5149:. Archived from
5148:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5123:
5106:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5082:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4795:media.neliti.com
4792:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4730:. Archived from
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4646:Academic.oup.com
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4612:
4606:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4554:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4516:
4508:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4182:Neo-Confucianism
4178:Chinese Buddhism
4023:Chinese Buddhism
3993:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3973:
3942:
3934:
3894:barefoot doctors
3810:islet transplant
3750:Green Revolution
3662:Fields Medalists
3634:Samuel C.C. Ting
3580:hydro-mechanical
3345:
3342:
3331:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3303:
3300:
3283:
3280:
3269:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3227:
3224:
3173:
3172:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3148:
3121:
3120:
3083:Chinese clothing
3072:
3071:
3065:hundred surnames
3033:From the 1950s,
3004:literary Chinese
2988:Mandarin Chinese
2982:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2943:Standard Chinese
2937:Chinese language
2863:history of China
2815:Chinese language
2811:Chinese holidays
2755:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2728:ancestor worship
2708:administration.
2655:Celestial empire
2611:Republic history
2499:
2447:
2369:Sixteen Kingdoms
2282:imperial dynasty
2269:
2260:
2222:Imperial history
2108:
2105:
2067:
2058:
2050:
2000:
1971:
1968:
1957:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1929:
1926:
1897:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1878:Longshan culture
1875:
1872:
1867:Yangshao culture
1864:
1861:
1833:Battle of Zhuolu
1830:
1829:
1804:
1803:
1747:
1694:
1685:
1653:history of China
1639:History of China
1620:Overseas Chinese
1590:immigrants from
1566:Taiwanese people
1386:
1372:
1367:
1347:
1308:
1224:Map showing the
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1151:tong4 jan4 gaai1
1142:
1133:
1109:
1100:
1077:
1076:
1062:Chinese national
1056:) refers to any
1055:
1051:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1020:Overseas Chinese
1016:
1011:
1007:
998:
993:
989:
980:Overseas Chinese
976:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
944:
939:
935:
908:
903:
899:
894:Chinese language
874:
869:
865:
836:
832:
821:
816:
812:
801:
796:
792:
658:
657:
634:
633:
617:
616:
593:
592:
591:
586:
572:
571:
558:
557:
537:
536:
516:
515:
495:
494:
493:
478:
477:
464:
463:
450:
449:
448:
434:
433:
420:
419:
396:
395:
379:
378:
365:
364:
344:
343:
120:Total population
114:
110:
104:
100:
91:
84:
80:
77:
71:
51:
50:
43:
38:Standard Chinese
15481:
15480:
15476:
15475:
15474:
15472:
15471:
15470:
15451:
15450:
15449:
15444:
15421:
15393:Han nationalism
15381:
15328:African Chinese
15316:
15262:
15163:
15108:
14990:
14948:Sichuan Mongols
14764:
14718:
14688:
14613:
14569:
14537:
14500:
14396:
14326:
14313:
14308:
14278:
14273:
14240:
14186:
14133:
14085:
14047:
14043:Stock exchanges
13980:
13947:
13759:
13599:
13590:
13523:
13518:
13488:
13483:
13425:
13413:
13396:
13394:Hakka Taiwanese
13314:
13290:Hoklo Taiwanese
13173:
13165:
13123:
13090:
13052:
13036:
13035:
13034:
13019:
13018:
13014:
13007:
13005:Further reading
13002:
12955:
12951:
12904:
12900:
12861:(2): e1601877.
12846:
12842:
12832:
12830:
12787:
12783:
12730:
12726:
12683:
12679:
12636:
12632:
12619:
12615:
12610:Wayback Machine
12593:
12589:
12550:
12546:
12511:
12507:
12462:
12455:
12428:Ciba Found Symp
12423:
12419:
12382:
12375:
12320:
12316:
12279:
12268:
12260:
12213:
12207:
12196:
12155:(5): e0125676.
12141:
12134:
12115:
12111:
12100:
12096:
12089:
12073:
12069:
12024:
12020:
12001:
11997:
11968:
11964:
11953:
11946:
11902:
11895:
11864:
11860:
11813:
11804:
11763:(5): e0125676.
11747:
11743:
11706:
11699:
11651:
11640:
11599:(5): e0125676.
11585:
11572:
11527:
11520:
11515:
11511:
11506:
11502:
11495:
11481:
11477:
11440:
11436:
11426:
11424:
11409:
11405:
11384:
11383:
11379:
11374:on 9 July 2012.
11358:
11357:
11353:
11343:
11341:
11332:
11331:
11327:
11317:
11315:
11302:
11301:
11297:
11287:
11285:
11268:
11264:
11254:
11252:
11235:
11231:
11221:
11219:
11206:
11205:
11201:
11191:
11189:
11172:
11168:
11158:
11156:
11143:
11142:
11138:
11128:
11126:
11113:
11112:
11108:
11102:Wayback Machine
11093:
11089:
11083:Wayback Machine
11074:
11070:
11031:Acta Chir. Belg
11018:
11014:
11004:
11002:
10998:
10994:(Spring): 42f.
10987:
10981:
10974:
10964:
10962:
10947:
10943:
10933:
10931:
10916:
10915:
10911:
10874:Nat. Biotechnol
10866:
10862:
10817:
10813:
10792:(12): 863–865.
10786:Nat. Chem. Biol
10782:
10778:
10741:
10737:
10727:
10725:
10712:
10711:
10707:
10697:
10695:
10682:
10681:
10677:
10667:
10665:
10650:
10646:
10636:
10634:
10621:
10620:
10616:
10606:
10604:
10595:
10594:
10590:
10580:
10578:
10565:
10564:
10560:
10529:
10525:
10517:
10502:
10498:
10497:
10493:
10483:
10481:
10456:
10452:
10442:
10440:
10425:
10421:
10411:
10409:
10394:
10390:
10380:
10378:
10369:
10368:
10364:
10353:Scientia Sinica
10349:
10345:
10324:
10323:
10319:
10309:
10307:
10300:The Independent
10292:
10288:
10281:
10267:
10260:
10255:
10251:
10246:
10242:
10237:
10233:
10224:
10220:
10215:
10211:
10206:
10202:
10197:
10190:
10183:
10169:
10165:
10155:
10153:
10144:
10143:
10139:
10129:
10127:
10120:The Hugo Awards
10112:
10108:
10098:
10096:
10079:
10075:
10065:
10063:
10048:
10044:
10029:10.2307/2642652
10013:
10009:
9999:
9997:
9986:"十大经典川菜 你吃过哪些?"
9984:
9983:
9979:
9969:
9967:
9954:
9950:
9940:
9938:
9931:
9913:
9909:
9902:
9885:
9881:
9874:
9860:
9856:
9847:
9845:
9838:
9830:, E.P. Dutton,
9822:
9818:
9796:
9792:
9783:
9779:
9769:
9767:
9750:
9746:
9736:
9734:
9727:
9711:
9707:
9693:
9691:
9684:
9668:
9664:
9657:
9648:
9643:
9639:
9632:
9618:
9611:
9604:
9590:
9586:
9580:Wayback Machine
9570:
9566:
9556:
9554:
9547:
9531:
9527:
9480:
9476:
9469:
9453:
9446:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9412:
9405:
9395:
9393:
9386:
9370:
9366:
9359:
9345:
9341:
9334:
9320:
9316:
9309:
9295:
9291:
9284:
9270:
9266:
9259:
9245:
9241:
9214:Foreign Affairs
9210:
9206:
9199:
9185:
9181:
9170:
9166:
9159:
9138:
9134:
9127:
9113:
9109:
9102:
9088:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9045:
9041:
9024:
9023:
9019:
9014:
9010:
9005:. 27 July 2011.
8995:
8994:
8990:
8980:
8978:
8963:
8962:
8955:
8945:
8943:
8935:
8929:
8920:
8910:
8908:
8891:
8884:
8861:10.2307/2658945
8845:
8841:
8831:
8829:
8817:
8811:
8804:
8794:
8792:
8785:
8769:
8765:
8759:Schaefer (2008)
8757:
8753:
8743:
8741:
8728:
8727:
8723:
8713:
8711:
8698:
8697:
8693:
8683:
8681:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8638:
8634:
8626:
8622:
8583:(7754): 45–47.
8566:
8562:
8548:
8544:
8493:
8489:
8434:
8430:
8421:
8419:
8412:
8396:
8392:
8373:
8369:
8332:
8328:
8321:
8307:
8303:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8265:Him, Mark Lai;
8263:
8259:
8243:
8242:
8235:
8233:
8222:
8221:
8217:
8207:
8205:
8198:
8182:
8178:
8147:
8143:
8136:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8094:
8090:
8083:
8069:
8065:
8058:
8044:
8040:
8030:
8028:
8013:
8006:
7995:
7991:
7981:Wayback Machine
7972:
7968:
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7926:
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7912:
7908:
7898:
7896:
7883:
7882:
7878:
7868:
7866:
7857:
7856:
7852:
7829:10.1355/aa17-1f
7813:
7809:
7799:
7797:
7786:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7746:
7744:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7703:
7700:Entrerepeeneurs
7695:
7691:
7681:
7679:
7666:
7659:
7624:
7620:
7613:
7593:
7584:
7574:
7572:
7553:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7518:
7514:
7504:
7502:
7489:
7488:
7484:
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7472:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7417:
7413:
7407:Wayback Machine
7398:
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7328:
7321:
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7286:
7279:
7269:
7267:
7260:
7244:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7212:
7205:
7195:
7193:
7182:"Six Dynasties"
7180:
7179:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7153:
7137:
7130:
7120:
7118:
7111:
7091:
7084:
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7059:
7052:
7042:
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7033:
7017:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6991:
6975:
6968:
6958:
6956:
6949:
6933:
6926:
6916:
6914:
6907:
6891:
6884:
6874:
6872:
6865:
6849:
6845:
6835:
6833:
6826:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6787:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6748:
6732:
6728:
6718:
6716:
6709:
6691:
6687:
6677:
6675:
6668:
6652:
6648:
6638:
6636:
6629:
6613:
6609:
6599:
6597:
6590:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6561:
6559:
6558:on 4 March 2016
6555:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6524:
6522:
6515:
6499:
6495:
6484:
6480:
6469:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6446:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6414:
6407:
6391:
6387:
6377:
6375:
6368:
6352:
6348:
6337:
6333:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6301:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6254:
6252:
6245:
6229:
6222:
6175:
6171:
6164:
6142:
6129:
6088:(5): e0125676.
6072:
6065:
6020:
6013:
5990:
5986:
5979:
5965:
5961:
5950:
5946:
5939:
5925:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5908:on 11 July 2019
5905:
5898:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5862:
5858:
5851:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5812:
5808:
5801:
5787:
5780:
5769:
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5755:
5753:
5746:
5730:
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5713:
5711:
5704:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5663:
5659:
5648:
5644:
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5617:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5591:
5575:
5571:
5561:
5559:
5552:
5536:
5532:
5521:
5508:
5501:
5487:
5483:
5472:
5468:
5461:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5369:
5360:
5353:
5339:
5335:
5296:
5292:
5281:
5251:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5225:
5209:
5200:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5080:
5078:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4910:on 16 May 2021.
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4769:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4737:
4735:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4603:Wayback Machine
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4571:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4501:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4433:
4405:
4390:Matrilineal DNA
4328:
4326:Patrilineal DNA
4315:
4260:migratory waves
4256:
4251:
4243:Main articles:
4241:
4210:First Opium War
3994:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3959:
3943:
3932:
3922:Three teachings
3916:Main articles:
3914:
3886:Yuan-Cheng Fung
3823:Min Chueh Chang
3818:artificial cell
3806:Type 1 diabetes
3731:. The botanist
3712:Chien-Shiung Wu
3681:Tsien Hsue-shen
3556:
3548:Main articles:
3546:
3516:series won the
3400:
3394:
3375:to Guangdong's
3361:
3359:Chinese cuisine
3355:
3348:
3343:
3334:
3329:
3320:
3315:
3306:
3301:
3286:
3281:
3272:
3267:
3258:
3253:
3244:
3239:
3230:
3225:
3139:
3129:and the Korean
3089:
3081:Main articles:
3079:
3061:
3053:Main articles:
3051:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2847:Terracotta Army
2839:Chinese theatre
2803:Chinese fashion
2795:Chinese cuisine
2720:
2718:Chinese culture
2714:
2659:1911 Revolution
2638:Han nationalist
2623:
2615:Main articles:
2613:
2584:Willow Palisade
2493:
2477:Main articles:
2475:
2410:Non-native rule
2395:major provinces
2383:
2363:Main articles:
2361:
2311:
2305:
2297:Berthold Laufer
2289:Martino Martini
2268:Qín Shǐ Huángdì
2235:
2229:
2224:
2164:
2158:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2078:Erlitou culture
2021:
2015:
2007:cultural heroes
2001:) known as the
1987:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1895:
1889:Erlitou culture
1884:
1873:
1862:
1732:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1667:Main articles:
1665:
1641:
1635:
1622:
1616:
1572:
1560:Main articles:
1558:
1517:
1511:
1491:
1475:Main articles:
1473:
1441:
1429:Main articles:
1427:
1414:
1402:Mongol invasion
1380:
1341:
1302:
1218:
1205:
1180:
1174:
1079:
1073:
1058:Chinese citizen
926:
860:
855:
742:
676:(alternatively
584:
456:Tongyong Pinyin
446:
384:Literal meaning
338:
331:
115:
99:
92:
81:
75:
72:
65:
52:
48:
41:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
15479:
15469:
15468:
15463:
15446:
15445:
15443:
15442:
15437:
15432:
15426:
15423:
15422:
15420:
15419:
15418:
15417:
15415:Zhonghua minzu
15407:
15402:
15401:
15400:
15389:
15387:
15383:
15382:
15380:
15379:
15374:
15369:
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14811:
14806:
14801:
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14763:
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14755:
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14223:The Art of War
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13981:
13979:
13978:
13973:
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13963:
13957:
13955:
13949:
13948:
13946:
13945:
13943:Chinese zodiac
13940:
13935:
13930:
13925:
13920:
13915:
13910:
13905:
13900:
13895:
13890:
13885:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13865:
13860:
13855:
13850:
13848:Chinese dragon
13845:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13825:
13820:
13815:
13810:
13808:Blepharoplasty
13805:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13780:
13775:
13769:
13767:
13761:
13760:
13758:
13757:
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13755:
13750:
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13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13699:
13698:
13697:
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13691:
13676:
13671:
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13665:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13644:
13643:
13642:
13632:
13627:
13626:
13625:
13615:
13609:
13607:
13601:
13600:
13593:
13591:
13589:
13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13567:
13566:
13556:
13555:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13533:
13531:
13525:
13524:
13517:
13516:
13509:
13502:
13494:
13485:
13484:
13482:
13481:
13480:
13479:
13474:
13466:
13461:
13456:
13451:
13450:
13449:
13439:
13438:
13437:
13432:
13420:
13408:
13403:
13386:
13381:
13380:
13379:
13369:
13368:
13367:
13362:
13352:
13347:
13342:
13341:
13340:
13335:
13325:
13324:
13323:
13322:
13321:
13304:
13299:
13298:
13297:
13295:Hui'an maidens
13292:
13282:
13277:
13267:
13266:
13265:
13260:
13250:
13249:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13237:
13236:
13223:
13218:
13217:
13216:
13206:
13201:
13200:
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13194:
13189:
13178:
13175:
13174:
13164:
13163:
13156:
13149:
13141:
13122:
13121:External links
13119:
13118:
13117:
13114:978-0295741789
13094:
13089:978-0984590988
13088:
13064:
13050:
13033:
13032:
13027:
13021:
13020:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
13000:
12969:(9): 717–731.
12949:
12898:
12840:
12781:
12748:BioMed Central
12746:(49). Berlin:
12724:
12677:
12630:
12613:
12587:
12544:
12525:(3): 261–266.
12505:
12476:(9): 1013–15.
12453:
12417:
12396:(8): 1833–44.
12373:
12314:
12266:
12194:
12132:
12109:
12094:
12087:
12067:
12038:(9): 717–731.
12018:
11995:
11962:
11944:
11917:(4): 257–277.
11893:
11858:
11802:
11741:
11697:
11638:
11570:
11518:
11509:
11500:
11493:
11475:
11434:
11403:
11377:
11351:
11325:
11295:
11262:
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11199:
11166:
11136:
11106:
11087:
11068:
11012:
10972:
10941:
10909:
10860:
10811:
10776:
10735:
10705:
10675:
10644:
10614:
10588:
10558:
10539:(1–4): 13–51.
10523:
10491:
10450:
10419:
10388:
10377:on 22 May 2014
10362:
10343:
10317:
10286:
10280:978-1291208917
10279:
10258:
10249:
10240:
10231:
10218:
10209:
10200:
10188:
10182:978-1138826700
10181:
10163:
10137:
10106:
10073:
10042:
10007:
9977:
9948:
9929:
9907:
9900:
9879:
9872:
9854:
9836:
9816:
9806:(3): 300–314,
9790:
9777:
9744:
9725:
9705:
9682:
9662:
9655:
9637:
9630:
9609:
9602:
9584:
9564:
9545:
9525:
9474:
9467:
9444:
9426:
9403:
9384:
9364:
9358:978-0415670029
9357:
9339:
9333:978-0231153195
9332:
9314:
9308:978-1594205460
9307:
9289:
9283:978-1567205251
9282:
9264:
9258:978-9812295941
9257:
9239:
9220:(2): 341–348.
9204:
9198:978-0674064010
9197:
9179:
9164:
9158:978-1594205460
9157:
9132:
9126:978-1846143106
9125:
9119:. Allen Lane.
9107:
9100:
9067:
9039:
9017:
9008:
8988:
8953:
8918:
8882:
8839:
8802:
8783:
8763:
8761:, p. 279.
8751:
8721:
8704:Lcweb2.loc.gov
8691:
8657:
8650:
8632:
8620:
8569:LaPolla, Randy
8560:
8551:Bradley, David
8542:
8487:
8428:
8410:
8390:
8367:
8346:(4): 303–313.
8326:
8319:
8301:
8286:
8279:
8257:
8215:
8196:
8176:
8141:
8134:
8113:
8106:
8088:
8081:
8063:
8056:
8038:
8004:
7989:
7987:, August 2008.
7966:
7936:
7921:. 8 May 2013.
7906:
7876:
7850:
7823:(1): 101–113.
7807:
7780:
7754:
7724:
7689:
7657:
7618:
7611:
7582:
7542:
7512:
7482:
7447:
7440:
7411:
7392:
7361:
7343:978-1615301096
7342:
7319:
7301:978-0231528184
7300:
7277:
7259:978-9004355248
7258:
7235:
7203:
7170:
7152:978-9811016370
7151:
7128:
7109:
7093:Lai, H. Mark;
7082:
7050:
7031:
7008:
6990:978-1461633112
6989:
6966:
6948:978-1442277892
6947:
6924:
6906:978-1588438119
6905:
6882:
6863:
6843:
6824:
6804:
6785:
6765:
6746:
6726:
6708:978-3643903297
6707:
6685:
6667:978-9047429463
6666:
6646:
6627:
6607:
6588:
6569:
6532:
6513:
6493:
6478:
6475:. p. 161.
6463:
6444:
6424:
6405:
6385:
6366:
6346:
6331:
6310:
6288:
6262:
6243:
6220:
6169:
6162:
6127:
6063:
6011:
6000:(1): 114–140.
5984:
5977:
5959:
5944:
5937:
5919:
5881:
5874:
5856:
5849:
5831:
5824:
5806:
5799:
5778:
5763:
5744:
5721:
5702:
5682:
5675:
5657:
5642:
5635:
5608:
5589:
5569:
5550:
5530:
5506:
5499:
5481:
5466:
5459:
5441:
5434:
5413:
5406:
5388:
5381:
5358:
5351:
5333:
5306:(3): 467–494.
5290:
5279:
5242:
5223:
5198:
5167:
5135:
5113:
5091:
5071:Executive Yuan
5056:
5045:on 3 July 2024
5026:
5009:www.rbzwdb.com
4996:
4970:(3): 348–373.
4950:
4913:
4894:
4867:
4841:
4815:
4779:
4745:
4715:
4689:
4674:Archived from
4663:
4633:
4607:
4588:
4569:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4432:
4429:
4404:
4401:
4367:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4327:
4324:
4314:
4311:
4255:
4252:
4240:
4237:
4202:Qing dynasties
4151:and until the
4129:dietary habits
4075:Chinese dragon
4055:ethnic deities
3996:
3995:
3946:
3944:
3937:
3913:
3910:
3855:beta-endorphin
3768:". Biochemist
3705:Chen's theorem
3669:Shing-Tung Yau
3658:Charles K. Kao
3654:Roger Y. Tsien
3650:Daniel C. Tsui
3638:Chen Ning Yang
3545:
3542:
3396:Main article:
3393:
3390:
3357:Main article:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3291:same surname.
3288:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3138:
3135:
3078:
3075:
3050:
3047:
2935:Main article:
2932:
2929:
2903:degree-holders
2875:shared rituals
2867:Imperial China
2716:Main article:
2713:
2710:
2697:Han chauvinism
2640:revolutionary
2612:
2609:
2580:Kangxi Emperor
2474:
2471:
2365:Three Kingdoms
2360:
2357:
2353:Han characters
2307:Main article:
2304:
2301:
2231:Main article:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2200:Warring States
2168:Battle of Muye
2160:Main article:
2157:
2154:
2088:Main article:
2085:
2082:
2017:Main article:
2014:
2011:
1983:Main article:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1902:and later the
1856:Cishan culture
1825:of the Jiuli (
1797:Yellow Emperor
1699:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1661:
1637:Main article:
1634:
1631:
1618:Main article:
1615:
1612:
1557:
1554:
1513:Main article:
1510:
1509:Southeast Asia
1507:
1472:
1469:
1431:Chinese people
1426:
1425:Mainland China
1423:
1413:
1410:
1379:
1376:
1340:
1337:
1301:
1298:
1256:(1127 AD) and
1217:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1154:). The phrase
1078:
1070:
1024:name for China
925:
916:
912:Han characters
859:
856:
854:
851:
741:
738:
717:Central Plains
702:mainland China
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
652:
643:
642:
636:
635:
628:
619:
618:
611:
602:
601:
595:
594:
580:
574:
573:
566:
560:
559:
552:
546:
545:
543:Yue: Cantonese
539:
538:
531:
525:
524:
518:
517:
510:
504:
503:
497:
496:
486:
480:
479:
472:
466:
465:
458:
452:
451:
442:
436:
435:
428:
422:
421:
414:
408:
407:
401:
400:
399:Transcriptions
392:
391:
385:
381:
380:
373:
367:
366:
359:
353:
352:
349:
348:
340:
339:
337:
336:
329:
324:
318:
315:
314:
310:
309:
279:
278:
274:
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
218:
212:
211:
208:
202:
201:
198:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
178:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
127:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
97:
94:
93:
55:
53:
46:
27:Chinese people
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15478:
15467:
15464:
15462:
15459:
15458:
15456:
15441:
15438:
15436:
15433:
15431:
15428:
15427:
15424:
15416:
15413:
15412:
15411:
15408:
15406:
15403:
15399:
15396:
15395:
15394:
15391:
15390:
15388:
15384:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15370:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15361:
15357:
15353:
15349:
15346:
15345:
15344:
15341:
15339:
15336:
15334:
15331:
15329:
15326:
15325:
15323:
15319:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15307:
15303:
15301:
15300:
15296:
15292:
15289:
15288:
15287:
15284:
15282:
15279:
15277:
15274:
15273:
15271:
15269:
15268:Indo-European
15265:
15257:
15254:
15253:
15252:
15251:
15247:
15245:
15244:
15240:
15238:
15237:
15233:
15231:
15228:
15226:
15225:
15221:
15219:
15218:
15214:
15212:
15211:
15207:
15205:
15204:
15200:
15198:
15195:
15193:
15190:
15188:
15185:
15183:
15180:
15178:
15175:
15174:
15172:
15170:
15166:
15160:
15159:
15155:
15153:
15152:
15148:
15146:
15145:
15141:
15139:
15138:
15134:
15130:
15127:
15126:
15125:
15124:
15120:
15119:
15117:
15115:
15111:
15105:
15104:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15093:
15092:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15070:
15066:
15064:
15061:
15059:
15058:
15054:
15052:
15051:
15047:
15045:
15044:
15040:
15038:
15037:
15033:
15029:
15026:
15024:
15021:
15020:
15019:
15018:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15006:
15002:
15001:
14999:
14997:
14993:
14985:
14982:
14981:
14980:
14979:
14975:
14973:
14970:
14968:
14967:
14963:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14936:
14932:
14931:Upper Mongols
14929:
14927:
14924:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14907:
14904:
14903:
14902:
14899:
14897:
14894:
14892:
14889:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14877:
14874:
14872:
14869:
14867:
14864:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14818:
14817:
14816:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14794:
14790:
14788:
14787:
14783:
14781:
14780:
14776:
14775:
14773:
14771:
14767:
14761:
14760:
14756:
14754:
14753:
14749:
14745:
14742:
14741:
14740:
14739:
14735:
14733:
14730:
14729:
14727:
14725:
14721:
14715:
14712:
14710:
14709:
14705:
14703:
14700:
14699:
14697:
14695:
14691:
14685:
14684:
14680:
14678:
14677:
14673:
14671:
14670:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14633:
14629:
14628:
14626:
14624:
14623:Austroasiatic
14620:
14610:
14609:
14605:
14603:
14602:
14598:
14596:
14595:
14591:
14589:
14588:
14584:
14582:
14579:
14578:
14576:
14572:
14566:
14565:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14553:
14549:
14548:
14546:
14544:
14540:
14534:
14533:
14529:
14527:
14526:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14511:
14509:
14507:
14503:
14497:
14496:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14485:
14484:
14480:
14478:
14477:
14473:
14471:
14468:
14466:
14465:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14448:
14444:
14442:
14439:
14437:
14436:
14432:
14430:
14429:
14425:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14412:
14408:
14407:
14405:
14403:
14399:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14382:
14378:
14374:
14371:
14370:
14369:
14368:
14364:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14352:
14351:
14347:
14346:
14344:
14342:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14329:
14325:
14321:
14316:
14312:
14305:
14300:
14298:
14293:
14291:
14286:
14285:
14282:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14251:
14249:
14247:
14243:
14237:
14234:
14232:
14231:
14227:
14225:
14224:
14220:
14218:
14215:
14213:
14210:
14208:
14207:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14197:
14195:
14193:
14189:
14183:
14180:
14178:
14175:
14173:
14170:
14168:
14165:
14163:
14160:
14158:
14155:
14153:
14150:
14148:
14145:
14144:
14142:
14140:
14136:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14096:
14094:
14092:
14088:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14058:
14056:
14054:
14050:
14044:
14041:
14039:
14036:
14034:
14031:
14029:
14026:
14024:
14021:
14019:
14016:
14014:
14011:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13995:
13993:
13991:
13987:
13983:
13977:
13974:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13958:
13956:
13954:
13950:
13944:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13899:
13896:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13884:
13881:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13861:
13859:
13856:
13854:
13851:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13836:
13834:
13831:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13809:
13806:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13779:
13778:Architecture
13776:
13774:
13773:Age reckoning
13771:
13770:
13768:
13766:
13762:
13754:
13751:
13749:
13746:
13745:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13686:
13685:
13682:
13681:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13649:
13648:
13645:
13641:
13638:
13637:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13624:
13621:
13620:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13610:
13608:
13606:
13605:Ethnic groups
13602:
13597:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13565:
13562:
13561:
13560:
13557:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13539:
13538:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13530:
13526:
13522:
13515:
13510:
13508:
13503:
13501:
13496:
13495:
13492:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13469:
13467:
13465:
13462:
13460:
13457:
13455:
13452:
13448:
13445:
13444:
13443:
13440:
13436:
13433:
13429:
13424:
13421:
13417:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13400:
13395:
13392:
13391:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13378:
13375:
13374:
13373:
13370:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13357:
13356:
13353:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13330:
13329:
13326:
13318:
13313:
13310:
13309:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13287:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13276:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13268:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13255:
13254:
13251:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13235:
13232:
13231:
13230:
13227:
13226:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13215:
13212:
13211:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13184:
13183:
13180:
13179:
13176:
13172:
13169:
13162:
13157:
13155:
13150:
13148:
13143:
13142:
13139:
13135:
13133:
13128:
13115:
13111:
13108:(hardcover).
13107:
13103:
13099:
13095:
13091:
13085:
13081:
13077:
13073:
13069:
13065:
13061:
13057:
13053:
13047:
13043:
13038:
13037:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13022:
13017:
13012:
12996:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12963:Cell Research
12960:
12953:
12945:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12917:
12913:
12909:
12902:
12894:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12876:
12872:
12868:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12852:
12844:
12828:
12824:
12820:
12815:
12810:
12806:
12802:
12798:
12797:
12792:
12785:
12777:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12749:
12745:
12741:
12740:
12735:
12728:
12720:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12702:
12698:
12694:
12693:
12688:
12681:
12673:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12655:
12651:
12647:
12646:
12641:
12634:
12626:
12625:
12617:
12611:
12607:
12604:
12600:
12596:
12591:
12583:
12579:
12575:
12571:
12567:
12563:
12560:(6): 613–21.
12559:
12555:
12548:
12540:
12536:
12532:
12528:
12524:
12520:
12516:
12509:
12501:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12483:
12479:
12475:
12471:
12467:
12460:
12458:
12449:
12445:
12441:
12437:
12433:
12429:
12421:
12413:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12380:
12378:
12369:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12345:
12341:
12337:
12333:
12329:
12325:
12318:
12310:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12293:(6): 705–17.
12292:
12288:
12284:
12277:
12275:
12273:
12271:
12259:
12255:
12251:
12247:
12243:
12239:
12235:
12231:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12212:
12205:
12203:
12201:
12199:
12190:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12162:
12158:
12154:
12150:
12146:
12139:
12137:
12128:
12124:
12120:
12113:
12105:
12098:
12090:
12084:
12080:
12079:
12071:
12063:
12059:
12054:
12049:
12045:
12041:
12037:
12033:
12032:Cell Research
12029:
12022:
12014:
12010:
12006:
11999:
11990:
11985:
11981:
11977:
11973:
11966:
11958:
11951:
11949:
11940:
11936:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11912:
11911:Human Biology
11908:
11900:
11898:
11889:
11885:
11881:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11862:
11854:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11826:
11822:
11818:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11798:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11770:
11766:
11762:
11758:
11757:
11752:
11745:
11737:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11720:(4): 303–13.
11719:
11715:
11711:
11704:
11702:
11693:
11689:
11685:
11681:
11677:
11673:
11669:
11665:
11661:
11657:
11649:
11647:
11645:
11643:
11634:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11606:
11602:
11598:
11594:
11590:
11583:
11581:
11579:
11577:
11575:
11566:
11562:
11557:
11552:
11548:
11544:
11541:(6): 775–85.
11540:
11536:
11532:
11525:
11523:
11513:
11504:
11496:
11490:
11486:
11479:
11471:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11453:
11449:
11445:
11438:
11422:
11418:
11414:
11407:
11399:
11395:
11391:
11387:
11381:
11373:
11369:
11365:
11361:
11355:
11339:
11335:
11329:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11299:
11283:
11279:
11278:
11273:
11266:
11250:
11246:
11245:
11240:
11233:
11217:
11213:
11209:
11208:"Choh Hao Li"
11203:
11187:
11183:
11182:
11177:
11170:
11154:
11150:
11146:
11140:
11124:
11120:
11116:
11110:
11103:
11099:
11096:
11091:
11084:
11080:
11077:
11072:
11065:
11060:
11056:
11052:
11048:
11044:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11026:
11022:
11016:
10997:
10993:
10986:
10979:
10977:
10960:
10956:
10952:
10945:
10929:
10925:
10924:
10919:
10913:
10905:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10887:
10883:
10879:
10875:
10871:
10864:
10856:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10838:
10834:
10830:
10826:
10822:
10815:
10807:
10803:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10787:
10780:
10771:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10755:(6): 552–53.
10754:
10750:
10746:
10739:
10723:
10719:
10715:
10709:
10693:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10663:
10659:
10655:
10648:
10632:
10628:
10627:The Economist
10624:
10618:
10602:
10598:
10592:
10576:
10572:
10571:zalafilms.com
10568:
10562:
10554:
10550:
10546:
10542:
10538:
10534:
10527:
10516:
10512:
10508:
10501:
10495:
10479:
10475:
10471:
10467:
10462:
10454:
10438:
10434:
10433:Berkeley News
10430:
10423:
10408:on 5 May 2017
10407:
10403:
10399:
10392:
10376:
10372:
10366:
10358:
10354:
10347:
10339:
10335:
10334:
10328:
10327:"Qian Xuesen"
10321:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10290:
10282:
10276:
10272:
10265:
10263:
10253:
10244:
10235:
10228:
10222:
10213:
10204:
10195:
10193:
10184:
10178:
10174:
10167:
10151:
10147:
10141:
10125:
10121:
10117:
10110:
10094:
10090:
10089:
10084:
10077:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10046:
10038:
10034:
10030:
10026:
10022:
10018:
10011:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9981:
9965:
9961:
9960:
9952:
9936:
9932:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9911:
9903:
9897:
9893:
9889:
9883:
9875:
9869:
9865:
9858:
9843:
9839:
9833:
9829:
9828:
9820:
9813:
9809:
9805:
9801:
9794:
9787:
9781:
9765:
9761:
9760:
9755:
9748:
9732:
9728:
9722:
9718:
9717:
9709:
9702:
9689:
9685:
9679:
9675:
9674:
9666:
9658:
9652:
9641:
9633:
9627:
9623:
9616:
9614:
9605:
9599:
9595:
9588:
9581:
9577:
9574:
9568:
9552:
9548:
9546:9781610690188
9542:
9538:
9537:
9529:
9521:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9493:
9489:
9485:
9478:
9470:
9464:
9460:
9459:
9451:
9449:
9441:
9429:
9423:
9419:
9418:
9410:
9408:
9391:
9387:
9385:9783319718859
9381:
9377:
9376:
9368:
9360:
9354:
9350:
9343:
9335:
9329:
9325:
9318:
9310:
9304:
9300:
9293:
9285:
9279:
9275:
9268:
9260:
9254:
9250:
9243:
9235:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9219:
9215:
9208:
9200:
9194:
9190:
9183:
9175:
9168:
9160:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9145:Jed Rubenfeld
9142:
9136:
9128:
9122:
9118:
9111:
9103:
9097:
9093:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9074:
9072:
9056:
9055:
9050:
9043:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9021:
9012:
9004:
9003:
8998:
8992:
8976:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8960:
8958:
8941:
8934:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8906:
8902:
8901:
8896:
8889:
8887:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8858:
8855:(3): 603–46.
8854:
8850:
8843:
8827:
8823:
8816:
8809:
8807:
8790:
8786:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8767:
8760:
8755:
8739:
8735:
8731:
8725:
8709:
8705:
8701:
8695:
8679:
8675:
8671:
8664:
8662:
8653:
8647:
8643:
8636:
8629:
8624:
8616:
8612:
8608:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8564:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8538:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8491:
8483:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8432:
8417:
8413:
8407:
8403:
8402:
8394:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8371:
8363:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8330:
8322:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8297:
8290:
8282:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8267:Hsu, Madeline
8261:
8253:
8247:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8203:
8199:
8193:
8189:
8188:
8180:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8157:(3): 467–94.
8156:
8152:
8145:
8137:
8131:
8127:
8120:
8118:
8109:
8103:
8099:
8092:
8084:
8078:
8074:
8067:
8059:
8053:
8049:
8042:
8026:
8022:
8018:
8011:
8009:
8000:
7993:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7970:
7954:
7950:
7949:Stats.govt.nz
7946:
7940:
7924:
7920:
7919:statcan.gc.ca
7916:
7910:
7894:
7890:
7889:statcan.gc.ca
7886:
7880:
7864:
7860:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7811:
7795:
7791:
7784:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7728:
7709:
7702:
7701:
7693:
7677:
7673:
7672:
7664:
7662:
7652:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7622:
7614:
7608:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7598:World On Fire
7591:
7589:
7587:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7558:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7500:
7496:
7492:
7486:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7451:
7443:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7428:
7426:World On Fire
7425:
7421:
7415:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7396:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7368:
7366:
7349:
7345:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7326:
7324:
7307:
7303:
7297:
7293:
7292:
7284:
7282:
7265:
7261:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7242:
7240:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7210:
7208:
7191:
7187:
7183:
7177:
7175:
7158:
7154:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7135:
7133:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7095:Hsu, Madeline
7089:
7087:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7057:
7055:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7024:
7023:
7015:
7013:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6982:
6981:
6973:
6971:
6954:
6950:
6944:
6940:
6939:
6931:
6929:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6889:
6887:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6847:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6817:
6816:
6808:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6769:
6753:
6749:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6730:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6673:
6669:
6663:
6659:
6658:
6650:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6581:
6580:
6573:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6482:
6474:
6467:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6428:
6412:
6408:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6389:
6373:
6369:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6350:
6342:
6335:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6306:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6227:
6225:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6173:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6070:
6068:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6018:
6016:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5980:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5955:
5948:
5940:
5934:
5930:
5923:
5904:
5897:
5896:
5888:
5886:
5877:
5871:
5867:
5860:
5852:
5846:
5842:
5835:
5827:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5785:
5783:
5774:
5767:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5728:
5726:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5646:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5615:
5613:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5573:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5534:
5527:. p. 27.
5526:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5502:
5496:
5492:
5485:
5477:
5470:
5462:
5460:0-7425-2577-5
5456:
5452:
5445:
5437:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5418:
5409:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5354:
5348:
5344:
5337:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5247:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5152:
5145:
5139:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5102:
5095:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5060:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4549:
4536:
4526:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4486:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4425:Shang dynasty
4422:
4418:
4414:
4409:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4320:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:Han subgroups
4261:
4250:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3992:
3989:
3981:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3947:This section
3945:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3837:. Biochemist
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3770:Chi-Huey Wong
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3754:Ching W. Tang
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:Yuan Longping
3739:
3734:
3733:Shang Fa Yang
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:Tsung-Dao Lee
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:fresh seafood
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3322:
3313:
3308:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3279:
3274:
3265:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3237:
3232:
3223:
3218:
3217:
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1979:Early history
1967:
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718:
713:
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690:Greater China
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56:This article
54:
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44:
39:
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15354:
15348:Kaifeng Jews
15304:
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14694:Austronesian
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14332:Sino-Tibetan
14319:
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14206:Bansenshūkai
14204:
13971:Rainy season
13748:unrecognized
13617:
13447:Fuzhou Tanka
13333:Shanghainese
13234:Subei people
13197:Macau people
13167:
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12833:14 September
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11328:
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11298:
11286:. Retrieved
11275:
11265:
11253:. Retrieved
11244:The Guardian
11242:
11232:
11222:15 September
11220:. Retrieved
11202:
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11129:15 September
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10928:the original
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10749:MRS Bulletin
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10076:
10064:. Retrieved
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9431:. Retrieved
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9378:. Springer.
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8236:23 September
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8227:
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8190:. Infobase.
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7869:16 September
7867:. Retrieved
7863:the original
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7564:
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7527:. May 2017.
7515:
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7485:
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7464:
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7400:CIA Factbook
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7332:
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6553:the original
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6275:www.zdic.net
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5185:
5181:China Review
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5151:the original
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5075:the original
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5043:the original
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4928:
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4718:
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4682:23 September
4680:. Retrieved
4676:the original
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4610:
4596:CIA Factbook
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
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4137:martial arts
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4015:Confucianism
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3960:Please help
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3873:home test).
3791:
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3697:prime number
3693:Chen Jingrun
3673:Turing Award
3618:
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3583:astronomical
3557:
3522:Gao Xingjian
3511:
3504:
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3487:Water Margin
3485:
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3463:examinations
3443:
3439:Tao Te Ching
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3412:
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3100:
3097:Song dynasty
3062:
3055:Chinese name
3032:
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2891:family honor
2871:filial piety
2783:
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2770:'s painting
2768:Zhang Zeduan
2739:
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2685:anti-Marxist
2671:
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2560:Qing dynasty
2541:
2533:Ming dynasty
2523:, who had a
2519:
2511:Yuan dynasty
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2491:Qing dynasty
2487:Ming dynasty
2483:Yuan dynasty
2479:Song dynasty
2473:Song to Qing
2456:
2452:
2439:Sui and Tang
2438:
2437:
2420:Northern Wei
2413:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2381:Tang dynasty
2345:ethnogenesis
2324:
2293:Paul Pelliot
2286:
2277:Lingqu Canal
2266:
2236:
2208:Confucianism
2192:Eastern Zhou
2184:Zhou dynasty
2165:
2162:Zhou dynasty
2156:Zhou dynasty
2115:
2111:oracle bones
2093:
2071:
2064:
2035:. Yu's son,
2029:Emperor Shun
2025:Yu the Great
2022:
1990:
1988:
1845:
1790:
1779:Western Zhou
1776:
1737:
1729:Yellow River
1709:
1642:
1623:
1604:
1584:
1518:
1492:
1481:Macau people
1442:
1412:Distribution
1399:
1391:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1330:
1321:commanderies
1313:
1262:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1149:
1141:Táng Rén Jiē
1139:
1113:Tang dynasty
1106:
1080:
1065:
1046:Zhongguo ren
1045:
1039:
1027:
1013:
1001:
995:
983:
973:
959:
948:China proper
941:
927:
922:
918:
905:
890:Roman Empire
871:
861:
858:'Han people'
826:Zhongguo Ren
825:
824:
818:
805:
804:
798:
785:
784:
765:
751:
729:
725:Yellow River
714:
681:
677:
673:
671:
599:Southern Min
529:Romanization
508:Romanization
412:Hanyu Pinyin
390:ethnic group
303:Christianity
295:Confucianism
240:1.21 million
230:1.35 million
220:1.47 million
210:1.64 million
200:2.67 million
190:2.83 million
170:6.91 million
160:7.05 million
140:1.29 billion
98:Ethnic group
82:
73:
60:copy editing
58:may require
57:
18:
15461:Han Chinese
15192:Fuyu Kyrgyz
14061:Archaeology
13953:Environment
13818:Calligraphy
13662:in Sakhalin
13618:Han Chinese
13581:South Korea
13576:North Korea
13435:Waishengren
13426: [
13414: [
13397: [
13350:Gaoshan Han
13315: [
13214:Ngái people
13192:Hongkongers
13168:Han Chinese
13016:Han Chinese
12807:: 348–354.
12656:: 579–590.
11454:: 155–173.
11288:19 February
11255:14 December
11192:26 November
11005:20 November
10256:Bodde, 140.
10156:22 November
9888:Dalby, Liza
9557:10 November
9060:10 December
9002:China Daily
8744:12 December
8714:12 December
8684:12 December
7959:20 February
7929:20 February
7899:20 February
7800:15 February
7773:15 February
6639:31 December
6600:31 December
6562:12 December
5160:14 February
4925:"Australia"
4887:17 February
4860:17 February
4708:14 February
4656:14 February
4537:people'
4415:(SNPs) and
4221:Bai Chongxi
4196:during the
4169:persecution
4149:Han dynasty
3841:discovered
3839:Choh Hao Li
3782:profiling.
3746:hybrid rice
3671:as well as
3665:Terence Tao
3646:Yuan T. Lee
3622:Nobel Prize
3606:Crab Nebula
3586:clock tower
3534:Cao Wenxuan
2924:recognition
2787:Chinese art
2736:Yan Emperor
2642:Sun Yat-sen
2630:Sun Yat-sen
2597:anti-Manchu
2391:Tang Empire
2377:Sui dynasty
2349:golden ages
2309:Han dynasty
2303:Han dynasty
2245:under King
2233:Qin dynasty
2227:Qin dynasty
2152:over time.
2107: 1600
2033:Great Flood
2019:Xia dynasty
2013:Xia dynasty
1908:Old Chinese
1811:Yan Emperor
1777:During the
1627:New Zealand
1477:Hongkongers
1293:Wu-speaking
1230:Han dynasty
882:Han dynasty
853:Designation
674:Han Chinese
640:Eastern Min
347:Han Chinese
226:Philippines
125:1.4 billion
102:Han Chinese
76:August 2024
34:Han dynasty
15455:Categories
15398:chauvinism
15377:Pakistanis
15360:Chaoxianzu
14972:Sogwo Arig
14891:Muumyangan
14876:Khishigten
14724:Hmong-Mien
14676:Vietnamese
14320:Underlined
14236:Yi Sun-sin
14071:Bronze Age
14008:Capitalism
13933:Typography
13928:Television
13898:Philosophy
13883:Mādhyamaka
13878:Literature
13833:Sinosphere
13753:historical
13468:Yunnanese
13360:Minh Hương
13275:Fuzhounese
13246:Sichuanese
13187:Taishanese
12654:Cell Press
12597:. (2017).
12434:: 161–87.
12334:(1): 146.
11417:www.ft.com
11344:8 November
11318:8 November
10992:U Magazine
10934:17 October
10728:24 October
10698:24 October
10484:16 January
10443:16 January
10412:16 January
10381:4 November
10359:: 157–176.
10000:5 November
9959:Si-he-yuan
9770:13 October
9737:13 October
9701:coexisted.
9694:13 October
9433:7 February
8795:29 October
8497:Pan, Wuyun
8229:Asia Times
8208:29 October
7747:23 January
7575:13 January
7523:(Report).
7493:(Report).
7475:13 January
7110:0759104581
7032:113942551X
6786:0824823338
6747:0804742618
5912:22 January
5756:12 October
5714:12 October
5235:12 October
4989:23 January
4943:31 October
4772:5 February
4758:census.gov
4738:19 January
4545:References
4376:Cimmerians
4217:Hui People
4135:and other
4103:, another
4040:syncretism
3849:caused by
3677:Andrew Yao
3630:Steven Chu
3624:laureates
3594:escapement
3518:Hugo Award
3445:Art of War
3392:Literature
3373:spicy food
2941:See also:
2843:Great Wall
2706:Xi Jinping
2673:Mao Zedong
2552:Li Zicheng
2529:barbarians
2515:Emigration
2341:Ho Ping-ti
2332:civil wars
2319:silk robes
2273:Great Wall
2247:Ying Zheng
2241:after its
2166:After the
2100:Cheng Tang
1887:) and the
1764:Amur River
1717:Bronze Age
1715:and early
1663:Prehistory
1349:An Lu Shan
1117:golden age
786:Hua people
686:East Asian
678:Han people
535:Hòn-tshu̍k
440:Wade–Giles
283:Irreligion
150:22 million
68:editing it
15276:Armenians
15197:Ili Turks
14793:Dongxiang
14489:Qixingmin
14373:subgroups
14361:Chuanqing
14322:: the 56
14152:CrossAsia
14139:Education
13893:Mythology
13873:Languages
13853:Festivals
13801:Taiwanese
13708:Ryukyuans
13623:subgroups
13542:Hong Kong
13521:East Asia
13389:Taiwanese
13372:Peranakan
13345:Chuanqing
13302:Putianese
13280:Hainanese
13229:Jianghuai
13225:Mandarin
13182:Cantonese
13171:subgroups
12912:Hereditas
12739:Hereditas
11931:1534-6617
11821:Hereditas
11470:148800029
11427:4 January
11159:6 January
10965:27 August
10637:23 August
10607:23 August
10553:122548419
10474:0362-4331
10310:22 August
9784:Mei Hua,
9647:《中国古代服饰史》
8877:162684575
8607:0028-0836
8537:129946000
8422:5 October
8171:156043981
7642:Routledge
7420:Chua, Amy
7270:5 October
6875:8 January
6525:13 August
6456:5 January
6417:5 January
6255:8 January
5601:5 October
5562:8 January
5328:156043981
5081:23 August
4984:157718431
4834:27 August
4295:Kankanaey
4164:Confucian
4117:astronomy
3949:does not
3879:karyotype
3871:ovulation
3701:semiprime
3626:Tu Youyou
3602:supernova
3508:Liu Cixin
3476:Su Dongpo
3166:mortgaged
2998:and into
2996:Guangdong
2681:communist
2564:Wu Sangui
2463:Guangdong
2180:Wei River
2150:sinicized
2142:enfeoffed
2138:King Zhou
1813:, at the
1787:Sima Qian
1742:is being
1725:Guanzhong
1713:Neolithic
1649:dynasties
1596:Zhangzhou
1581:in Taipei
1534:Guangdong
1525:Singapore
1499:Hong Kong
1277:Hainanese
1265:Cantonese
1226:expansion
1210:Wang Mang
1122:Chinatown
1083:Cantonese
843:nationals
774:different
758:Confucius
684:) are an
632:Hàng-tsôk
615:Hàn-cho̍k
570:Hon3 zuk6
265:Languages
236:Australia
196:Singapore
186:Indonesia
15367:Macanese
15338:Japanese
15299:Russians
15281:Iranians
15177:Altaians
15114:Tungusic
14886:Khuuchid
14881:Khorchin
14871:Kharchin
14826:Abaganar
14799:Hamnigan
14770:Mongolic
14702:Filipino
14519:Gyalrong
14259:Printing
14192:Military
14076:Iron Age
13990:Politics
13938:Yogācāra
13923:Surnames
13903:Religion
13813:Buddhism
13791:Japanese
13718:Tibetans
13689:in China
13679:Mongolic
13657:in Japan
13652:in China
13635:Japanese
13571:Mongolia
13552:Mainland
13472:Chin Haw
13411:Hoklokeh
13263:Panthays
13241:Shandong
13221:Hunanese
13068:Mullaney
13060:65820295
12995:32355288
12944:29636655
12893:28164156
12827:Archived
12823:31025319
12776:33292737
12719:25029633
12606:Archived
12574:18726285
12539:31208219
12500:21505448
12412:20207712
12368:18482451
12309:18212820
12246:15372031
12189:25938511
12149:PLOS ONE
12062:32355288
11939:32767896
11853:29636655
11797:25938511
11756:PLoS ONE
11736:18270655
11684:15372031
11633:25938511
11593:PLOS ONE
11565:19944401
11421:Archived
11338:Archived
11312:Archived
11282:Archived
11249:Archived
11216:Archived
11186:Archived
11153:Archived
11123:Archived
11098:Archived
11079:Archived
11059:25795725
11051:18710120
10996:Archived
10959:Archived
10904:21151123
10855:22608086
10806:21079590
10722:Archived
10692:Archived
10690:. 2004.
10662:Archived
10631:Archived
10601:Archived
10575:Archived
10515:Archived
10478:Archived
10437:Archived
10338:Archived
10304:Archived
10198:Fry, 10.
10130:6 August
10124:Archived
10099:28 March
10093:Archived
10060:Archived
9994:Archived
9970:15 April
9964:Archived
9935:Archived
9890:(2001).
9842:archived
9764:Archived
9731:Archived
9688:Archived
9576:Archived
9551:Archived
9520:35369161
9390:Archived
9234:20038053
9147:(2014).
9141:Amy Chua
8981:30 March
8975:Archived
8946:30 March
8940:Archived
8911:30 March
8905:Archived
8832:30 March
8826:Archived
8789:Archived
8738:Archived
8708:Archived
8678:Archived
8615:31036967
8571:(2019).
8529:31019300
8482:31061123
8416:archived
8362:18270655
8269:(2004).
8246:cite web
8202:Archived
8025:Archived
8021:BBC News
7977:Archived
7953:Archived
7923:Archived
7893:Archived
7837:26492596
7794:Archived
7767:Archived
7741:Archived
7708:Archived
7676:Archived
7569:Archived
7529:Archived
7505:14 March
7499:Archived
7469:Archived
7422:(2003).
7403:Archived
7385:30 March
7379:Archived
7354:30 March
7348:Archived
7312:30 March
7306:Archived
7264:Archived
7228:30 March
7222:Archived
7196:30 March
7190:Archived
7163:30 March
7157:Archived
7121:30 March
7115:Archived
7097:(2004).
7075:30 March
7069:Archived
7043:30 March
7037:Archived
7001:30 March
6995:Archived
6959:30 March
6953:Archived
6917:30 March
6911:Archived
6869:Archived
6830:Archived
6797:29 March
6791:Archived
6758:29 March
6752:Archived
6719:29 March
6713:Archived
6678:29 March
6672:Archived
6633:Archived
6594:Archived
6519:Archived
6450:Archived
6411:Archived
6372:Archived
6249:Archived
6207:15372031
6122:25938511
6081:PLoS ONE
6058:17317646
5892:Eno, R.
5750:Archived
5708:Archived
5595:Archived
5556:Archived
5229:Archived
5119:Archived
5066:中華民國國情簡介
5019:15 April
5013:Archived
4937:Archived
4881:Archived
4854:Archived
4828:Archived
4799:Archived
4766:Archived
4702:Archived
4700:. 2022.
4650:Archived
4626:15 March
4620:Archived
4599:Archived
4575:Archived
4384:Khövsgöl
4365:Chinese.
4239:Genetics
4173:Buddhism
4113:medicine
4093:and the
3978:May 2016
3912:Religion
3882:genetics
3847:dwarfism
3802:Abraxane
3787:David Ho
3775:Chuan He
3738:Ethylene
3729:topology
3598:Shen Kuo
3450:Buddhism
3442:and the
3201:bedrooms
3193:lavatory
3184:siheyuan
3152:jiāzhǎng
2994:through
2992:Shanghai
2931:Language
2920:prestige
2845:and the
2675:and his
2605:Zou Rong
2588:Liaodong
2570:fled to
2216:Legalism
2174:(led by
2130:Ji Chang
1819:Yanhuang
1807:Shennong
1735:template
1673:Yanhuang
1592:Quanzhou
1550:Zhejiang
1465:Tibetans
1453:Xinjiang
1146:Jyutping
1108:Táng Rén
1072:Tangren
1041:Zhōnghuá
1028:Zhonghua
839:citizens
770:barbaric
754:identity
740:Identity
656:Háng-cŭk
564:Jyutping
556:Hon juhk
426:Bopomofo
287:Buddhism
277:Religion
166:Malaysia
156:Thailand
15386:Related
15356:Koreans
15333:Indians
15286:Nepalis
15256:Western
15236:Uyghurs
15137:Manchus
15028:Tai Nua
15023:Tai Lue
14996:Kra–Dai
14984:Eastern
14966:Monguor
14938:Onnigud
14926:Torghut
14916:Khoshut
14906:Dzungar
14896:Naimans
14866:Khalkha
14856:Jalaids
14846:Chahars
14841:Buryats
14836:Baarins
14815:Mongols
14804:Kangjia
14708:Gaoshan
14564:Tibetan
14543:Tibetic
14506:Qiangic
14453:Laomian
14392:Waxiang
14387:Longjia
14341:Sinitic
14217:Sun Tzu
14053:History
13986:Economy
13966:Monsoon
13908:Scripts
13858:Gardens
13828:Cuisine
13786:Chinese
13765:Culture
13728:Uyghurs
13684:Mongols
13647:Koreans
13464:Waxiang
13384:Sangley
13377:Benteng
13338:Wenzhou
13307:Teochew
12986:7609296
12935:5889524
12884:5287702
12863:Bibcode
12767:7724877
12672:8751859
12663:1914908
12582:1924085
12491:3179364
12448:6114819
12359:2408594
12336:Bibcode
12254:4301581
12226:Bibcode
12180:4418768
12157:Bibcode
12123:Science
12053:7609296
11888:5092429
11844:5889524
11788:4418768
11765:Bibcode
11692:4301581
11664:Bibcode
11624:4418768
11601:Bibcode
11556:2790583
10895:3107705
10846:3589129
10757:Bibcode
10066:6 March
10058:: 137.
10037:2642652
9511:8970312
9494:: 2–3.
8869:2658945
8585:Bibcode
8509:Bibcode
8473:6534992
8450:Bibcode
8031:21 July
7717:26 July
7644:: 582.
7567:: 328.
7535:25 July
7467:: 325.
6281:17 July
6215:4301581
6187:Bibcode
6113:4418768
6090:Bibcode
6049:2435565
5128:11 June
5049:27 June
4437:Koreans
4380:Moldova
4276:Pinghua
4188:Though
4125:alchemy
4071:Qu Yuan
4067:Guan Yu
4063:history
3970:removed
3955:sources
3833:at the
3675:winner
3590:Kaifeng
3576:Su Song
3568:Yi Xing
3433:I Ching
3377:dim sum
3369:Sichuan
3365:cuisine
3205:veranda
3189:kitchen
3162:dāngjiā
3077:Fashion
3000:Guangxi
2883:wedding
2879:funeral
2778:Kaifeng
2568:Koxinga
2548:Beijing
2507:Mongols
2424:Xianbei
2389:Map of
2255:Chinese
2134:King Wu
2120:in the
2118:Wu area
2066:Huá Xià
1995:Chinese
1876:), the
1865:), the
1633:History
1542:Guangxi
1523:study,
1461:Uighurs
1371:Tángrén
1273:Henghua
1126:Chinese
1095:Chinese
1015:Huáqiáo
1002:Huaqiao
766:Hua Ren
682:Chinese
626:Peng'im
623:Teochew
606:Hokkien
514:Hoe zoh
447:Han-tsu
432:ㄏㄢˋ ㄗㄨˊ
271:Chinese
260:922,000
250:992,600
246:Vietnam
206:Myanmar
23:Koreans
15372:Nivkhs
15321:Others
15312:Wakhis
15243:Uzbeks
15230:Tuvans
15210:Kyrgyz
15203:Kazakh
15169:Turkic
15151:Oroqen
15123:Evenks
15103:Zhuang
15075:Qabiao
15057:Maonan
15011:Buyang
15005:Bouyei
14901:Oirats
14861:Jaruud
14851:Gorlos
14831:Aohans
14809:Khatso
14714:Utsuls
14669:Ta'ang
14594:Jingpo
14587:Derung
14574:Others
14558:Sherpa
14458:Laopin
14441:Kucong
14411:Achang
14356:Caijia
14264:Swords
14091:Sports
13823:Cinema
13796:Korean
13738:Zhuang
13669:Manchu
13640:Yamato
13586:Taiwan
13564:Ryukyu
13477:Kokang
13459:Tunbao
13258:Dungan
13112:
13104:
13086:
13058:
13048:
13013:about
12993:
12983:
12942:
12932:
12918:: 19.
12891:
12881:
12821:
12774:
12764:
12717:
12670:
12660:
12580:
12572:
12537:
12498:
12488:
12446:
12410:
12366:
12356:
12307:
12252:
12244:
12218:Nature
12187:
12177:
12085:
12060:
12050:
11937:
11929:
11886:
11851:
11841:
11795:
11785:
11734:
11690:
11682:
11656:Nature
11631:
11621:
11563:
11553:
11491:
11468:
11057:
11049:
11027:. See
11019:Whole
10955:Forbes
10902:
10892:
10853:
10843:
10804:
10668:26 May
10551:
10472:
10277:
10179:
10035:
9990:阿波罗新闻网
9927:
9898:
9870:
9848:21 May
9834:
9723:
9680:
9653:
9628:
9600:
9543:
9518:
9508:
9465:
9440:world.
9424:
9382:
9355:
9330:
9305:
9280:
9255:
9232:
9195:
9155:
9123:
9098:
8875:
8867:
8781:
8648:
8613:
8605:
8577:Nature
8535:
8527:
8501:Nature
8480:
8470:
8408:
8360:
8317:
8277:
8194:
8169:
8132:
8104:
8079:
8054:
7845:658015
7843:
7835:
7682:26 May
7609:
7438:
7340:
7298:
7256:
7149:
7107:
7029:
6987:
6945:
6903:
6861:
6836:10 May
6822:
6783:
6744:
6705:
6664:
6625:
6586:
6511:
6442:
6403:
6378:10 May
6364:
6241:
6213:
6205:
6179:Nature
6160:
6120:
6110:
6056:
6046:
5975:
5935:
5872:
5847:
5822:
5797:
5742:
5700:
5673:
5633:
5587:
5548:
5497:
5457:
5432:
5404:
5379:
5349:
5326:
5320:174577
5318:
5286:world.
5277:
5263:703–17
5221:
5144:"Home"
5111:
4982:
4808:30 May
4581:21 May
4567:
4524:Hànrén
4521::
4519:pinyin
4513::
4505::
4481::
4479:pinyin
4473::
4465::
4441:Yamato
4291:Atayal
4133:Neijia
4121:Neidan
4101:Taoism
4021:, and
4019:Daoism
3928:, and
3699:and a
3530:Mo Yan
3513:San Ti
3468:Li Bai
3454:Taoism
3407:Lu Xun
3209:bamboo
3176:fēnjiā
3137:Family
3131:Hanbok
3127:Kimono
2922:, and
2908:esteem
2855:UNESCO
2849:, are
2837:, and
2572:Taiwan
2544:Manchu
2542:Early
2489:, and
2467:Hainan
2465:, and
2459:Fujian
2428:Yangzi
2379:, and
2275:, the
2265::
2263:pinyin
2257::
2212:Taoism
2206:) and
2146:Nanyue
2063::
2061:pinyin
2055::
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