1064:
gradual upsurge by which Yale came to assume unquestioned leadership in the social sciences. I wrote a little, imbibed a little, played some tennis, arbitrated a motion picture dispute, and instituted a fairly ambitious project called the Cross-Cultural Survey but dubbed by the New York Times a 'bank of knowledge.' Then came Pearl Harbor, the explosions of which reverberated even in academic halls. Through my chairmanship of the
Oceania committee of the National Research Council I helped mobilize the country's anthropologists in the war effort. On the advice of the intelligence experts of the Army and Navy I converted the Cross-Cultural Survey into a fact-gathering organization on the Japanese-held islands of the Pacific. For the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs I organized and ran the Strategic Index of the Americas, a similar fact-gathering unit. Like so many of my colleagues I spent a good bit of my time running back and forth to Washington. Early in 1943, when the military program in the Pacific began to accelerate, the Navy Department urged me to speed up the research of the Cross-Cultural Survey and made a very generous offer of financial support. They urged me even more strongly, however, to give up my other commitments, to come into the Navy with my associates, and to do the job 'on the inside.' I said, 'Yes,' and within a week received a lieutenant commander's commission. After a month of informal indoctrination at the Office of the Naval Intelligence in Washington I was assigned to the staff of the Naval School of Military Government at Columbia University. Here for fifteen months I managed a research unit at Yale which assembled all available information on the Pacific islands held by the Japanese, operated a second unit at Columbia which organized the information into a series of nine handbooks, and gave a course on the Pacific to military government officers. The last handbook, on the Ryukyu Islands, was (providentially) published just when it was decided to invade Okinawa, and I was sent out to Hawaii to join the staff of the Tenth Army in planning that operation. The planning complete, I was sent out to Okinawa as a military government officer.
1088:. Murdock was particularly antagonistic of Boasian cultural anthropology, which he considered to be aligned with communist thought. Murdock was not the only person in his field or at his university to cooperate with intelligence agencies. For much of the 20th century, agencies such as the CIA and the FBI enjoyed a close relationship with American universities. Yale University was especially known (later) as a breeding ground for employees of the agencies. Researchers in anthropology and foreign relations were often debriefed after foreign field trips. Murdock later served as chair of the American Anthropological Association's (AAA's) Committee on Scientific Freedom, established to defend anthropologists from unfair attacks.
1068:
compatriots I have seen at first hand the heroism, cowardice, monotony, resourcefulness, inefficiency, and frustration of which war is compounded. I was transferred to the headquarters of military government for
Okinawa and the adjacent islands, being placed in charge first of political affairs and then of all civilian affairs, social and economic as well as political. My principal task was to organize an island-wide civilian council and to establish uniform local government throughout the area, during the course of which I organized and supervised two general elections. During this period my contacts were largely with the political, professional, and business leaders among the Okinawans.
1183:, consisting of a carefully selected set of 186 well-documented cultures that today are coded for about 2000 variables (Whiting 1986: 685). At the end of his career, he felt "no hesitation in rejecting the validity and utility of the entire body of anthropological theory, including the bulk of my own work...consigning it to the realm of mythology science" as in "anthropology there's virtually no consensus" on "the essential core of its body of theory."
1049:
age at Yale. However, he was offered the chair of Andrew Mellon
Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh. Leaving his long-time residence at 960 Ridge Road in Hamden, Connecticut, Murdock moved with his wife to 4150 Bigelow Boulevard in Pittsburgh. He taught at the University of Pittsburgh until his retirement in 1973, at which point he moved to the Philadelphia area to be close to his son.
187:
1214:
Murdock is known most of all for his main sequence theory whose gist was spelled out by him initially as follows: "When any social system which has attained equilibrium begins to change, such change regularly begins with modification of the rule of residence. Alteration in residence rules is followed
1048:
as the chairman. Murdock's sociological and positivist approach to anthropology was at odds with Sapir's
Boasian approach to cultural anthropology. Following Sapir's death, Murdock served as chairman of the Department of Anthropology from 1938 until 1960, when he reached the then mandatory retirement
1071:
By early
October the pull for home was very strong, and I left Okinawa on a task force bound for Norfolk. We stopped en route for three or four days each at Singapore, Colombo, and Cape Town, where we were welcomed by the residents and wined and dined by the Royal Navy. Having completed a circuit of
1007:
Even in his earliest writings, Murdock's distinctive approach is apparent. He advocates an empirical approach to anthropology, through the compilation of data from independent cultures, and then testing hypotheses by subjecting the data to the appropriate statistical tests. He also sees himself as a
1067:
For two months, helped by one language officer, my job was to induce or drag the terror-stricken natives out of their mountain fastnesses into the coastal villages where we could house and feed them, give them medical attention, and get them back to a normal peacetime economy. Like millions of my
1063:
Before war struck, I was preoccupied with the routines of academic life at Yale—teaching and research with their modest rewards, departmental administration with its headaches, pleasant extra-curricular associations with my colleagues. The principal thrill was to observe (and participate in) the
976:, to a family that had farmed there for five generations, Murdock spent many childhood hours working on the family farm and acquired a wide knowledge of traditional, non-mechanized, farming methods. He graduated from Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1915 and earned a BA in American History at
1008:
social scientist rather than more narrowly as an anthropologist, and is in constant dialogue with researchers in other disciplines. At Yale, he assembled a team of colleagues and employees in an effort to create a cross-cultural
1206:. Publication ended in 2012 owing to a lack of interest from the faculty of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Pittsburgh. Journal staff was released shortly thereafter, and offices were permanently repurposed.
1186:
After his retirement from Pitt, Murdock moved to the
Philadelphia area to be close to his son and grandchildren. He is buried in a military cemetery, Valley Forge Memorial Gardens, 352 South Gulph Road, King of Prussia, PA.
951:
who was professor at Yale
University and University of Pittsburgh. He is remembered for his empirical approach to ethnological studies and his study of family and kinship structures across differing cultures.
1039:
Murdock joined the faculty of Yale
University in 1928. His PhD from the institution was in the field of Sociology, as Yale at that time did not yet have a Department of Anthropology. Murdock taught courses in
1119:, a reference book on African ethnic groups heavily reliant on colonial sources that attributed African innovations to diffusion from cultures outside Africa. There is also a list of his other major works:
984:, but quit in his second year and took a long trip around the world. This trip, combined with his interest in traditional material culture, and perhaps a bit of inspiration from the popular Yale teacher
959:
dataset on more than 1,200 pre-industrial societies is influential and frequently used in social science research. He is also known for his work as an FBI informant on his fellow anthropologists during
44:
2113:
1052:
Murdock and his wife had one child, Robert
Douglas Murdock. He was born in 1929 and died in 2011. Bob and Jean Murdock had three children, Nancy and Karen (born 1955) and Douglas (born 1959).
1164:
1023:. After completing the handbooks, Murdock and his fellow officers were sent to the Pacific as military government officials, serving for nearly a year in the administration of occupied
2991:
1031:
and other indigenous peoples of the
Northwest North American coast, Murdock's interests were now focused on Micronesia, and he conducted fieldwork there episodically until the 1960s.
1015:
Believing that a cross-cultural approach would help the U.S. war effort during World War II, Murdock and a few colleagues enlisted in the Navy and wrote handbooks on the cultures of
1999:
Marcello Sorce Keller. “Kulturkreise, Culture Areas, and Chronotopes: Old Concepts Reconsidered for the Mapping of Music Cultures Today”, in Britta Sweers and Sarah H. Ross (eds.)
2986:
2106:
1633:
Murdock, G.P, C.S. Ford, A.E. Hudson, R. Kennedy, L. W. Simmons, and J. W. M. Whiting, Outline of Cultural Materials, New Haven: Institute of Human Relations, 1938.
2099:
2018:
1059:, a class yearbook published in New Haven, Connecticut in 1946. These are Murdock's own recollections, as shared with his classmates in the class of 1919 at Yale:
1091:
In 1948, Murdock decided that his cross-cultural data set would be more valuable were it available to researchers at schools other than Yale. He approached the
1393:
1215:
by development or change in form of descent consistent with residence rules. Finally adaptive changes in kinship terminology follow (Murdock 1949:221–222)."
2440:
1167:, a scholarly society composed primarily of anthropologists and psychologists (Whiting 1986: 685). Between 1962 and 1967, he published installments of his
1366:
Anthropology's Mythology, George Peter Murdock Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1971 (1971), pp. 17–24
2082:
2041:
2996:
2870:
2854:
2074:
2065:
1941:
An Apologia of George Peter Murdock. Division of Labor by Gender and Postmarital Residence in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Reconsideration
988:, prompted Murdock to study anthropology at Yale. Yale's anthropology program still maintained something of the evolutionary tradition of
1943:
1981:
1233:
2966:
2961:
1965:
1377:"Ethnology | an International Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh"
1115:, consisting of 565 cultures coded for 30 variables. In 1959, despite having no professional experience in Africa, Murdock published
1557:
2971:
874:
2053:
927:
1420:
1284:
2013:
2946:
2123:
1869:, II, pp, 1–56. New Haven, 1945 (coauthor with C. S. Ford, A. E. Hudson, R. Kennedy, L. W. Simmons, and J. W. M. Whiting)
1004:. In 1925, he received his doctorate and continued at Yale as a faculty member and chair of the anthropology department.
899:
791:
2951:
1747:, I, ii, 21–131, Tucuman, 1939 (coauthor with C.S. Ford, A. E. Hudson, R. Kennedy, L. W. Simmons, and J. W. M. Whiting)
2584:
836:
749:
455:
2981:
2976:
2956:
1092:
24:
1605:
Murdock, G. P.; Wilson, S. F. (1972). "Settlement Patterns and Community Organization: Cross-Cultural Codes 3".
1550:
Murdock, G. P., R. Textor, H. Barry III, D. R. White, J. P. Gray, and W. Divale. 1999–2000. Ethnographic Atlas.
2747:
1573:
1180:
856:
639:
1493:
Murdock, G. P.; Morrow, D. O. (1970). "Subsistence Economy and Supportive Practices: Cross-Cultural Codes 1".
2051:
SemanticAfrica//Anthropology/G.P. Murdock/Africa. Its Peoples and their Culture History/Index of Tribal Names
1897:
1175:—a data set eventually containing almost 1,200 cultures coded for over 100 variables. In 1969, together with
1080:, in a chapter of the book Threatening Anthropology, entitled "Hoover's Informer", devoted to Murdock during
889:
879:
154:
1325:
Darnell, R. (1998), "Camelot at Yale: The Construction and Dismantling of the Sapirian Synthesis, 1931-39".
2023:
1975:
1475:
Murdock, G. P. 1980. 'Theories of Illness: A World Survey'. Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press.
1077:
884:
477:
2079:
1163:, where he occupied the Andrew Mellon Chair of Anthropology. In 1971, he was instrumental in founding the
2091:
2038:
1272:
739:
654:
567:
430:
1743:"Guia para la investigacion etnologica", trans. by Radames A. Altieri, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman,
1978:(2004). "Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists"
1096:
920:
894:
537:
517:
445:
100:
1992:
610:
349:
284:
2033:
1969:
1203:
1160:
993:
821:
811:
801:
776:
697:
527:
369:
344:
294:
2822:
2405:
2245:
2062:
1906:
846:
712:
644:
560:
440:
332:
269:
234:
224:
202:
197:
2325:
2210:
2039:
SemanticAfrica/Anthropology/G.P. Murdock/MindNode Mapping Diagrams of the Index of Tribal Names
985:
786:
587:
572:
512:
420:
359:
140:
96:
20:
1055:
For Murdock's war service in World War II, the best source is his own account as published in
2707:
2683:
2651:
2600:
2261:
1940:
1340:
1041:
989:
913:
826:
806:
592:
532:
492:
462:
450:
400:
354:
304:
229:
170:
1979:
2941:
2936:
2608:
2186:
2178:
2162:
2146:
1845:, no. 31, pp. 1–334. Washington, 1944. (coauthor with C. S. Ford and J. W. M. Whiting)
973:
816:
497:
467:
435:
410:
309:
299:
274:
264:
67:
1810:, no. 5, pp. 1–213. Washington, 1944. (coauthor with C. S. Ford and J. W. M. Whiting)
8:
2675:
2560:
2528:
2333:
2170:
1817:, no. 7, pp. 1–222, Washington, 1944. (coauthor with C.S. Ford and J. W. M. Whiting)
1796:, no. 1, pp. 1–113. Washington, 1943 (coauthor with C. S. Ford and J. W. M. Whiting)
1555:
1429:
Murdock, G.P. 1959. Africa: Its peoples and their culture history. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1020:
1001:
831:
664:
547:
522:
425:
415:
395:
239:
85:
1831:, no. 1S, pp. 1–38, Washington, 1944 (coauthor with C.S. Ford and J. W. M. Whiting)
2798:
2643:
2432:
2237:
2138:
1925:
1838:, no. 9, pp. 1–188. Washington, 1944 (coauthor with C.S. Ford and J.W. M. Whiting)
1824:, no. 8, pp. 1–205, Washington, 1944. (coauthor with C.S. Ford and J.W.M. Whiting)
1622:
1593:
1539:
1510:
1464:
1253:
1024:
981:
851:
542:
487:
259:
1410:
43:
2913:
2691:
2659:
2520:
2480:
1929:
1416:
1280:
1257:
659:
649:
627:
374:
364:
110:
2050:
2905:
2846:
2755:
2731:
2624:
2616:
2544:
2397:
2341:
1936:
1915:
1893:
A Twenty-five Year Record: Class of 1919 Yale College. New Haven Connecticut, 1946.
1715:"Correlations of Matrilineal and Patrilineal Institutions". In G. P. Murdock (ed.)
1614:
1585:
1569:
1531:
1502:
1456:
1245:
1176:
597:
577:
314:
289:
135:
1920:
1901:
1249:
2806:
2771:
2389:
2357:
2317:
2293:
2277:
2269:
2086:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2034:
webAfriqa/Anthropology/G.P. Murdock/Africa. Its Peoples and their Culture History
1985:
1957:
1947:
1561:
1085:
977:
841:
781:
758:
507:
150:
1126:// G. P. Murdock (ed.) Studies in the Science of Society, New Haven: Yale, 1937.
2830:
2739:
2592:
2552:
2456:
2301:
2194:
948:
796:
502:
319:
279:
2930:
2917:
2838:
2723:
2667:
2512:
2504:
2381:
2253:
2202:
1522:
Murdock, G. P.; Provost, C. A. (1973). "Measurement of Cultural Complexity".
674:
669:
617:
339:
1095:
and obtained the funding to establish an inter-university organization, the
2790:
2763:
2576:
2568:
2536:
2488:
2373:
2349:
2309:
2285:
2218:
1554:
10(1): 24–136, at01–09.sav; 11(1): ea10.sav (the third electronic version)
1045:
1028:
582:
472:
178:
128:
2121:
1376:
2862:
2413:
1081:
961:
754:
622:
379:
252:
219:
1827:"Marshall Islands Statistical Supplement", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
1644:
by Julius Lippert (New York: Macmillan, 1931) (as translator and editor)
2893:
2699:
2472:
2448:
2154:
1626:
1597:
1543:
1514:
1468:
1016:
997:
734:
1099:, with collections maintained at Yale University (Whiting 1986: 684).
2814:
2715:
2365:
1862:), trans. by Teodoro Ortiz. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1945.
707:
702:
634:
2909:
1618:
1589:
1535:
1506:
1460:
1234:"Tabulated Nonsense? Testing the Validity of the Ethnographic Atlas"
1447:
Murdock, G. P. (1970). "Kin Term Patterns and their Distribution".
1009:
2496:
1273:"Chapter 6 - Ethnographic and field data in historical economics"
1044:. In 1931, Yale established an anthropology department and hired
744:
724:
692:
482:
1196:
2003:. Sheffield UK/Bristol CT: Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2020, 19-34.
1485:
Murdock, G. P. 1985. Kin Term Patterns and their Distribution.
1271:
Lowes, Sara (2021), Bisin, Alberto; Federico, Giovanni (eds.),
1111:. In 1957, he published his first cross-cultural data set, the
719:
2063:
SemanticAfrica/Anthropology/HRAF/Outline of Cultural Materials
1107:
In 1954, Murdock published a list of every known culture, the
1848:"The Common Denominator of Cultures", in Ralph Linton (ed.),
1200:
An International Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology
1990:"George Peter Murdock, cultural anthropologist" (obituary)
729:
1820:"Mandated Marianas Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
2992:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
2080:
SemanticAfrica/Anthropology/G.P. Murdock/Social Structure
1124:
Correlations of Matrilineal and Patrilineal Institutions.
1841:"Ryukyu (Loochoo) Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 13),
1231:
186:
2028:
1567:
2987:
Presidents of the American Anthropological Association
1834:"Izu and Bonin Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
1813:"West Caroline Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
1806:"East Caroline Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
1787:
Proceedings of the Eighth American Scientific Congress
1394:
List of cultures in the standard cross cultural sample
1736:"Notes on the Tenino, Molala, and Paiute of Oregon",
1355:
Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961
1150:
Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press. 1981.
1138:
Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press. 1967.
1084:, Murdock had secretly informed on AAA colleagues to
1057:
A Twenty-Five Year Record: Yale College Class of 1919
1722:"Comparative Data on the Division of Labor by Sex",
1690:
Bulletin of the Associates in the Science of Society
2075:SemanticVocabAfrica/Outline of Cultural Materials
1792:"Marshall Islands", Navy Department (OPNAV 50E),
1482:. Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press.
1443:. Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press.
1436:. Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press.
1027:. While his pre-war fieldwork had been among the
2928:
1962:Historical Interpretation of Kinship Terminology
1785:"The Yale Survey of South American Ethnology",
1681:"Kinship and Social Behavior among the Haida",
943:(May 11, 1897 – March 29, 1985), also known as
1872:"Bifurcate Merging: A Test of Five Theories",
1764:"Ethnographic Bibliography of North America",
1521:
1072:the world, I rejoined my family on December 7.
2894:"Review of Studies in the Science of Society"
2107:
1852:, New York: Columbia, 1945, pp. 123–142.
1637:Chronological listing of books and articles:
1604:
1492:
1232:Bahrami-Rad; Becker, A.; Henrich, J. (2021).
1117:Africa: Its peoples and their culture history
921:
1704:Yale University Publications in Anthropology
1651:, vol. 5, pp. 613–614 (New York, 1931)
1154:
2114:
2100:
1865:"Outline of Cultural Materials", rev. ed.
1360:
928:
914:
42:
1966:Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography
1919:
1434:Culture and Society: Twenty-Four Essays
1896:
1446:
1405:
2929:
2001:Cultural Mapping and Musical Diversity
1850:The Science of Man in the World Crisis
1132:New York: The MacMillan Company. 1949.
992:, a quite different emphasis from the
23:. For people with a similar name, see
2997:20th-century American anthropologists
2095:
1789:, 1940, 2: 199–202. Washington, 1942.
1702:"Rank and Potlatch among the Haida",
1270:
2891:
2124:American Anthropological Association
1771:"Anthropology and Human Relations",
1668:"The Organization of Inca Society",
1279:, Academic Press, pp. 147–177,
1277:The Handbook of Historical Economics
1902:"George Peter Murdock, (1897–1985)"
1745:Notas del Instituto de Antropologia
1663:Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
1649:Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
1415:. New York: The MacMillan Company.
1165:Society for Cross-Cultural Research
13:
1856:Nuestros contemporaneos primitivos
1357:. New York: William Morrow, 1987).
1144:// Ethnology 8 (4): 329–369. 1969.
14:
3008:
2007:
1717:Studies in the Science of Society
1710:Studies in the Science of Society
1665:, vol. 9, pp. 490–491 (1933)
2967:University of Pittsburgh faculty
2962:People from Meriden, Connecticut
1733:, pp. 77–88, 268–274 (1938)
1712:(New Haven: Yale, 1937) (editor)
1574:"Standard Cross-Cultural Sample"
1209:
185:
2885:
1399:
1369:
1093:Social Science Research Council
25:George Murdoch (disambiguation)
2972:Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
1706:, no. 13, pp. 1–20 (1936)
1347:
1332:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1264:
1225:
1181:Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
1159:In 1960, Murdock moved to the
1142:Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
1136:Ethnographic Atlas: A Summary.
1102:
1019:, working out of an office at
875:Anthropologists by nationality
1:
1921:10.1525/aa.1986.88.3.02a00120
1887:
1750:"The Cross-Cultural Survey",
1695:"The Witoto Kinship System",
1489:1(4): stds25.dat, stds25.cod.
1441:Ethnographic Atlas: A Summary
1250:10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109880
967:
941:George Peter ("Pete") Murdock
2898:American Sociological Review
2024:National Academy of Sciences
1867:Yale Anthropological Studies
1860:Our Primitive Contemporaries
1794:Military Government Handbook
1766:Yale Anthropological Studies
1752:American Sociological Review
1729:"Anthropological Glossary",
1676:Our Primitive Contemporaries
1190:
19:For the American actor, see
7:
2947:Columbia University faculty
1678:(New York: Macmillan, 1934)
1387:
10:
3013:
2029:Human Relations Area Files
1881:Marriage and Family Living
1803:, n.s., 45: 441–451, 1943.
1740:, n.s., 40: 395–402 (1938)
1699:, n.s., 38: 525–527 (1936)
1685:, n.s., 36: 355–385 (1934)
1658:, n.s., 34: 200–215 (1932)
1654:"The Science of Culture",
1097:Human Relations Area Files
895:List of indigenous peoples
101:Human Relations Area Files
18:
2952:Harvard Law School alumni
2782:
2635:
2424:
2229:
2130:
1993:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1768:, I, pp. 1–169, 1941
1195:In 1962, Murdock founded
1113:World Ethnographic Sample
1109:Outline of World Cultures
640:Cross-cultural comparison
160:
146:
134:
124:
117:
106:
92:
74:
53:
41:
34:
2892:Ross, Edward A. (1937).
1996:, April 2, 1985, page 7B
1970:USSR Academy of Sciences
1858:(Spanish translation of
1799:"Bronislaw Malinowski",
1778:"Bronislaw Malinowski",
1719:, New Haven: Yale, 1937.
1642:The Evolution of Culture
1218:
1204:University of Pittsburgh
1161:University of Pittsburgh
1155:University of Pittsburgh
1148:Atlas of World Cultures.
994:historical particularism
812:Historical particularism
2982:Yale University faculty
2406:Alfred Irving Hallowell
2246:Marshall Howard Saville
1907:American Anthropologist
1876:, n.s. 49: 56–68, 1947.
1874:American Anthropologist
1801:American Anthropologist
1759:American Anthropologist
1738:American Anthropologist
1697:American Anthropologist
1683:American Anthropologist
1656:American Anthropologist
1560:August 2, 2013, at the
1480:Atlas of World Cultures
1327:American Anthropologist
1034:
645:Participant observation
16:American anthropologist
2977:Yale University alumni
2957:Cross-cultural studies
2326:John Montgomery Cooper
2211:William Curtis Farabee
2085:July 22, 2018, at the
2068:July 22, 2018, at the
2056:July 22, 2018, at the
2044:July 22, 2018, at the
1984:July 31, 2018, at the
1946:March 6, 2009, at the
1843:Civil Affairs Handbook
1836:Civil Affairs Handbook
1829:Civil Affairs Handbook
1822:Civil Affairs Handbook
1815:Civil Affairs Handbook
1808:Civil Affairs Handbook
1782:, 51: 1235–1236, 1942.
1731:Southwestern Monuments
1074:
787:Cross-cultural studies
141:Albert Galloway Keller
97:cross-cultural studies
21:George Murdock (actor)
2823:Virginia R. DomĂnguez
2708:Nancy Oestreich Lurie
2684:William C. Sturtevant
2601:Anthony F. C. Wallace
2262:George Grant MacCurdy
1879:"Family Universals",
1478:Murdock, G. P. 1981.
1439:Murdock, G. P. 1967.
1432:Murdock, G. P. 1965.
1407:Murdock, George Peter
1341:Philadelphia Inquirer
1307:Whiting 1986: 683–684
1298:Whiting 1986: 682–683
1061:
1042:physical anthropology
990:William Graham Sumner
2609:Joseph B. Casagrande
2179:Roland Burrage Dixon
2163:William Henry Holmes
2147:Frederic Ward Putnam
2019:Biographical Memoirs
1726:, 15: 551–553 (1937)
1672:, 38: 231–239 (1934)
974:Meriden, Connecticut
880:Anthropology by year
817:Boasian anthropology
792:Cultural materialism
777:Actor–network theory
375:Paleoanthropological
68:Meriden, Connecticut
36:George Peter Murdock
2676:Conrad M. Arensberg
2561:Frederica de Laguna
2529:Morris Edward Opler
2334:Elsie Clews Parsons
2171:Jesse Walter Fewkes
1775:, 4: 140–149, 1941.
1761:, 42:555–561, 1940.
1688:"A Racial Primer",
1661:"Lippert, Julius",
1202:, published by the
1179:, he developed the
1021:Columbia University
980:. He then attended
832:Performance studies
725:Kinship and descent
665:Cultural relativism
315:Paleoethnobotanical
290:Ethnoarchaeological
86:Devon, Pennsylvania
2799:Elizabeth Brumfiel
2644:Walter Goldschmidt
2441:Wendell C. Bennett
2433:William W. Howells
2139:William John McGee
2122:Presidents of the
1898:Whiting, John W.M.
1757:"Double Descent",
1754:, 5: 361–370, 1940
1670:Scientific Monthly
1169:Ethnographic Atlas
982:Harvard Law School
957:Ethnographic Atlas
947:, was an American
852:Post-structuralism
611:Research framework
2881:
2880:
2692:M. Margaret Clark
2660:Francis L. K. Hsu
2521:Sherwood Washburn
2481:E. Adamson Hoebel
1692:, 4.4: 1–3 (1935)
1647:"Ethnocentrism",
1422:978-0-02-922290-4
1316:Whiting 1986: 684
1286:978-0-12-815874-6
1238:Economics Letters
1130:Social Structure.
938:
937:
837:Political economy
660:Thick description
457:Political economy
320:Zooarchaeological
280:Bioarchaeological
164:
163:
147:Doctoral students
119:Scientific career
111:Viking Fund Medal
3004:
2922:
2921:
2889:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2847:Alisse Waterston
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2756:Yolanda T. Moses
2751:
2743:
2735:
2732:Jane E. Buikstra
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2652:Richard N. Adams
2647:
2628:
2625:Ernestine Friedl
2620:
2617:Edward H. Spicer
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2585:George M. Foster
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2545:Alexander Spoehr
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2398:Harry L. Shapiro
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2342:Alfred V. Kidder
2337:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2249:
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2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
1939:, Andrey. 2001.
1933:
1923:
1780:Yale Law Journal
1630:
1601:
1570:White, Douglas R
1568:Murdock, G. P.;
1547:
1518:
1472:
1426:
1412:Social Structure
1381:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1353:Winks, Robin W.
1351:
1345:
1344:, July 28, 2011.
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1229:
1177:Douglas R. White
930:
923:
916:
458:
340:Anthrozoological
189:
166:
165:
136:Doctoral advisor
81:
63:
61:
46:
32:
31:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2910:10.2307/2084383
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2807:Alan H. Goodman
2805:
2797:
2789:
2778:
2772:Louise Lamphere
2770:
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2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2390:Clyde Kluckhohn
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2358:Robert Redfield
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2318:Diamond Jenness
2316:
2308:
2300:
2294:Herbert Spinden
2292:
2284:
2278:Fay-Cooper Cole
2276:
2270:John R. Swanton
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2087:Wayback Machine
2070:Wayback Machine
2058:Wayback Machine
2046:Wayback Machine
2010:
1986:Wayback Machine
1954:12(2): 179–203.
1948:Wayback Machine
1890:
1619:10.2307/3773219
1590:10.2307/3772907
1562:Wayback Machine
1536:10.2307/3773367
1507:10.2307/3773028
1461:10.2307/3772782
1423:
1402:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1333:
1329:, 100: 361–372.
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1269:
1265:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1193:
1171:in the journal
1157:
1105:
1086:J. Edgar Hoover
1037:
996:promulgated by
978:Yale University
970:
934:
905:
904:
870:
862:
861:
842:Practice theory
782:Alliance theory
772:
764:
763:
759:Postcolonialism
688:
680:
679:
613:
603:
602:
568:Anthropological
563:
553:
552:
456:
406:
405:
385:
384:
335:
325:
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255:
245:
244:
215:
207:
151:Ward Goodenough
88:
83:
79:
70:
65:
59:
57:
49:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2904:(6): 936–937.
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2831:Leith Mullings
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2768:
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2752:
2744:
2740:Annette Weiner
2736:
2728:
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2648:
2639:
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2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2593:Charles Wagley
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2553:John P. Gillin
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2465:George Murdock
2461:
2457:John Otis Brew
2453:
2445:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:Ralph L. Beals
2410:
2402:
2394:
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2370:
2362:
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2346:
2338:
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2306:
2302:Nels C. Nelson
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2290:
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2250:
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2233:
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2207:
2199:
2195:Alfred Kroeber
2191:
2183:
2175:
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2159:
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2036:
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2026:
2014:George Murdock
2009:
2008:External links
2006:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1976:David H. Price
1973:
1958:Kryukov, M. V.
1955:
1952:World Cultures
1934:
1914:(3): 682–686.
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93:Known for
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84:
82:(aged 87)
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76:
72:
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66:
55:
51:
50:
48:George Murdock
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2748:James Peacock
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2724:Roy Rappaport
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2709:
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2510:
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2505:Margaret Mead
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2238:Aleš Hrdlička
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1938:
1935:
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1927:
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1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1883:, 9:39, 1947.
1882:
1878:
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1724:Social Forces
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1210:Contributions
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1120:
1118:
1114:
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1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:According to
1073:
1069:
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1060:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1032:
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1026:
1022:
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995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
965:
963:
958:
953:
950:
946:
945:G. P. Murdock
942:
931:
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911:
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901:
900:Organizations
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848:
847:Structuralism
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618:Anthropometry
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26:
22:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2871:Ramona Perez
2791:Don Brenneis
2783:2001–Present
2764:Jane H. Hill
2577:Cora Du Bois
2569:Irving Rouse
2537:Leslie White
2489:Harry Hoijer
2464:
2374:Ralph Linton
2350:Leslie Spier
2310:Edward Sapir
2286:Robert Lowie
2219:Walter Hough
2017:
2000:
1991:
1961:
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1911:
1905:
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1400:Publications
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1046:Edward Sapir
1038:
1014:
1006:
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954:
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940:
939:
885:Bibliography
827:Interpretive
802:Diffusionism
771:Key theories
757: /
687:Key concepts
598:Sociological
578:Ethnological
365:Neurological
350:Evolutionary
295:Experiential
179:Anthropology
155:John Whiting
129:Anthropology
118:
80:(1985-03-29)
64:May 11, 1897
29:
2942:1985 deaths
2937:1897 births
2865:(2019–2021)
2863:Akhil Gupta
2857:(2017–2019)
2855:Alex Barker
2849:(2015–2017)
2841:(2013–2015)
2833:(2011–2013)
2825:(2009–2011)
2817:(2007–2009)
2809:(2005–2007)
2801:(2003–2005)
2793:(2001–2003)
2774:(1999–2001)
2766:(1997–1999)
2758:(1995–1997)
2750:(1993–1995)
2742:(1991–1993)
2734:(1989–1991)
2726:(1988–1989)
2718:(1986–1987)
2710:(1984–1985)
2280:(1933–1934)
2256:(1929–1930)
2248:(1927–1928)
2240:(1925–1926)
2221:(1923–1924)
2213:(1921–1922)
2205:(1919–1920)
2197:(1917–1918)
2189:(1915–1916)
2187:F. W. Hodge
2181:(1913–1914)
2173:(1911–1912)
2165:(1909–1910)
2157:(1907–1908)
2149:(1905–1906)
2141:(1902–1904)
1103:Major works
1082:McCarthyism
986:A.G. Keller
962:McCarthyism
755:Colonialism
698:Development
655:Reflexivity
623:Ethnography
573:Descriptive
431:Development
370:Nutritional
345:Biocultural
270:Battlefield
2931:Categories
2700:Dell Hymes
2473:Emil Haury
2449:Fred Eggan
2155:Franz Boas
1964:. Moscow:
1888:References
1773:Sociometry
1338:Obituary,
1244:: 109880.
1017:Micronesia
998:Franz Boas
968:Early life
735:Prehistory
588:Historical
561:Linguistic
473:Historical
441:Ecological
333:Biological
235:Linguistic
225:Biological
60:1897-05-11
2918:0003-1224
2815:Setha Low
2716:June Helm
2636:1976–2001
2425:1951–1975
2366:Neil Judd
2230:1925–1950
2131:1902–1924
1937:Korotayev
1930:161671163
1607:Ethnology
1578:Ethnology
1524:Ethnology
1495:Ethnology
1449:Ethnology
1258:233489827
1198:Ethnology
1191:Ethnology
1173:Ethnology
955:His 1967
708:Evolution
703:Ethnicity
635:Ethnology
513:Political
421:Cognitive
360:Molecular
2873:(2021– )
2083:Archived
2066:Archived
2054:Archived
2042:Archived
2016:—
1982:Archived
1960:(1968).
1944:Archived
1900:(1986).
1572:(1969).
1558:Archived
1409:(1949).
1388:See also
1010:data set
1002:Columbia
972:Born in
890:Journals
807:Feminism
593:Semiotic
533:Symbolic
528:Religion
463:Feminist
451:Economic
401:Cultural
355:Forensic
310:Maritime
305:Forensic
300:Feminist
275:Biblical
265:Aviation
230:Cultural
171:a series
169:Part of
2497:Sol Tax
2022:of the
1627:3773219
1598:3772907
1544:3773367
1515:3773028
1469:3772782
1025:Okinawa
745:Society
693:Culture
508:Musical
503:Museums
498:Medical
483:Kinship
436:Digital
411:Applied
203:History
198:Outline
2916:
2702:(1983)
2694:(1982)
2686:(1981)
2678:(1980)
2670:(1979)
2662:(1978)
2654:(1977)
2646:(1976)
2627:(1975)
2619:(1974)
2611:(1973)
2603:(1972)
2595:(1971)
2587:(1970)
2579:(1969)
2571:(1968)
2563:(1967)
2555:(1966)
2547:(1965)
2539:(1964)
2531:(1963)
2523:(1962)
2515:(1961)
2507:(1960)
2499:(1959)
2491:(1958)
2483:(1957)
2475:(1956)
2467:(1955)
2459:(1954)
2451:(1953)
2443:(1952)
2435:(1951)
2416:(1950)
2408:(1949)
2400:(1948)
2392:(1947)
2384:(1947)
2376:(1946)
2368:(1945)
2360:(1944)
2352:(1943)
2344:(1942)
2336:(1941)
2328:(1940)
2320:(1939)
2312:(1938)
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2296:(1936)
2288:(1935)
2272:(1932)
2264:(1931)
1928:
1625:
1596:
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1419:
1283:
1256:
720:Gender
650:Holism
548:Visual
523:Public
426:Cyborg
396:Social
260:Aerial
240:Social
125:Fields
113:(1949)
107:Awards
1926:S2CID
1623:JSTOR
1594:JSTOR
1540:JSTOR
1511:JSTOR
1465:JSTOR
1254:S2CID
1219:Notes
1029:Haida
869:Lists
750:Value
628:cyber
543:Urban
493:Media
488:Legal
214:Types
2914:ISSN
1417:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1035:Yale
740:Race
730:Meme
468:Food
75:Died
54:Born
2906:doi
1916:doi
1615:doi
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1242:204
1000:at
416:Art
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1968:,
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1924:.
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1910:.
1904:.
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964:.
173:on
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99:;
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2908::
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2115:e
2108:t
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1972:.
1932:.
1918::
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1617::
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1564:.
1546:.
1534::
1517:.
1505::
1499:9
1471:.
1459::
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1379:.
1260:.
1248::
929:e
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915:v
62:)
58:(
27:.
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