1098:
3100:
3515:
3524:
3382:
1588:), so felons can face barriers to finding both jobs and housing. Moreover, a common term of parole agreements is to avoid association with other felons. In some neighborhoods with high rates of felony conviction, this creates a situation in which many felons live under a constant threat of being arrested for violating parole. Banks may refuse to issue loans to felons, and a felony conviction may prevent employment in banking or finance.
35:
3394:
1668:. In the case of felonies, they chose to set the threshold for felonies much higher than under either French law (five years) or Nigerian law (three years). This had the effect of greatly reducing the number of felonies under Cameroonian law. It also reduced the number of crimes that were subject to
1435:
before the fact, aiders and abettors who helped the principal before the basic criminal event took place; and (4) accessories after the fact, persons who helped the principal after the basic criminal event took place. In the course of the 20th century, however, American jurisdictions eliminated the
1088:
In the United States, where the felony–misdemeanor distinction is still widely applied, the federal government defines a felony as a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year. If punishable by exactly one year or less, it is classified as a misdemeanor. The classification is
1725:, which set the criminal practice for all crimes as that of misdemeanor and introduced a new system of classifying crimes as either "arrestable" and "non-arrestable" offenses (according to which a general power of arrest was available for crimes punishable by five years' imprisonment or more).
1368:
In much of the United States, all or most felonies are placed into one of various classes according to their seriousness and their potential punishment upon conviction. The number of classifications and the corresponding crimes vary by state and are determined by the legislature. Usually, the
1577:), and answering dishonestly can be grounds for rejection of the application or termination of employment if the lie is discovered after hire. Convicted felons may not be eligible for certain professional licenses or bonds, while hiring them may raise the cost of an employer's insurance.
1692:
was feudal in origin, denoting the value of a man's entire property: "the consideration for which a man gives up his fief". Blackstone refutes the misconception that felony simply means an offense punishable by death, by demonstrating that not every felony is capital, and not every
1803:
However, in some cases a severe version of a misdemeanor may be punished with imprisonment of more than one year, yet the crime itself remains considered a misdemeanor. The same applies for a milder version of a felony that is punished with imprisonment less than a year.
1351:
Some offenses, though similar in nature, may be felonies or misdemeanors depending on the circumstances. For example, the illegal manufacture, distribution or possession of controlled substances may be a felony, although possession of small amounts may be only a
1089:
based upon a crime's potential sentence, so a crime remains classified as a felony even if a defendant convicted of a felony receives a sentence of one year or less. Some individual states classify crimes by other factors, such as seriousness or context.
1388:
New York State classifies felonies by letter, with some classes divided into sub-classes by a Roman numeral; classes range from Class E (encompassing the least severe felonies) through
Classes D, C, B, and A–II up to Class A–I (encompassing the most
1395:
Ohio classifies felonies by degree ranging from first, second, third, fourth, to fifth degree. First-degree felonies are the most serious category, while fifth-degree felonies are the least serious. This is broadly the approach taken by the
1076:
is used to describe serious offenses, a category similar to common law felony. In other nations, such as
Germany, France, Belgium, and Switzerland, more serious offenses are described as 'crimes', while 'misdemeanors' or 'delicts' (or
1620:
For state law convictions, expungement is determined by the law of the state. Many states do not allow expungement, regardless of the offense, though felons can seek pardons and clemency, potentially including restoration of rights.
1653:. Felonies are distinguished from misdemeanors (maximum sentence from 10 days to 10 years) and offenses (not exceeding 10 days). While lesser crimes are tried before a magistrate's court, felonies must be tried before a high court (
1356:. Possession of a deadly weapon may be generally legal, but carrying the same weapon into a restricted area such as a school may be viewed as a serious offense, regardless of whether there is intent to use the weapon. Additionally,
2624:("While a presidential pardon will restore various rights lost as a result of the pardoned offense and should lessen to some extent the stigma arising from a conviction, it will not erase or expunge the record of your conviction.")
1697:
is a felony. However he concedes that "the idea of felony is indeed so generally connected with that of capital punishment, that we find it hard to separate them; and to this usage the interpretations of the law do now conform."
2843:, Bundesministerium der Justiz. "Schärfungen oder Milderungen, die nach den Vorschriften des Allgemeinen Teils oder für besonders schwere oder minder schwere Fälle vorgesehen sind, bleiben für die Einteilung außer Betracht."
1890:
1581:
1262:, manufacture, sale, distribution, or possession with intent to distribute] certain types or quantities of illegal drugs. In some jurisdictions, the possession of certain types of illegal drugs for personal use.
1591:
In some states, restoration of those rights depends on repayment of various fees associated with the felon's arrest, processing, and prison stay, such as restitution to victims, or outstanding fines.
1823:
the distinction between felony and misdemeanor was abolished by section 3 of the
Criminal Law Act, 1997, such that the law previously applied to misdemeanors was extended to all offenses. Minister
1717:. Consequently, the distinction between felony and misdemeanor became increasingly arbitrary. The surviving differences consisted of different rules of evidence and procedure, and the
1369:
legislature also determines the maximum punishment allowable for each felony class; doing so avoids the necessity of defining specific sentences for every possible crime. For example:
1151:. Standards for measurement of an offense's seriousness include attempts to quantitatively estimate and compare the effects of a crime upon its specific victims or society generally.
2298:
1055:, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, crimes are no longer classified as felonies or misdemeanors. Instead, serious crimes are classified as
1427:
divided participants in a felony into four basic categories: (1) first-degree principals, those who committed the crime in question; (2) second-degree principals, aiders and
2990:
1135:(i.e., that the punishment fits the crime) have since prompted legislatures to require or permit the imposition of less serious punishments, ranging from lesser terms of
1373:
Virginia classifies most felonies by number, ranging from Class 6 (least severe: 1 to 5 years in prison or up to 12 months in jail) through Class 2 (20 years to life,
3040:
1333:
2855:, Bundesministerium der Justiz. "Der Versuch eines Verbrechens ist stets strafbar, der Versuch eines Vergehens nur dann, wenn das Gesetz es ausdrĂĽcklich bestimmt."
2505:
2831:, Bundesministerium der Justiz. "Vergehen sind rechtswidrige Taten, die im MindestmaĂź mit einer geringeren Freiheitsstrafe oder die mit Geldstrafe bedroht sind."
1154:
The reform of harsh felony laws that had originated in Great
Britain was deemed "one of the first fruits of liberty" after the United States became independent.
2339:
1502:
1219:(certain DUI cases involving bodily injury and/or death. In some jurisdictions property damage over a certain amount elevates a DUI charge to a felony as well)
1530:
1464:
1441:
1839:
are classified as misdemeanors whereas a relatively trivial offense such as stealing a bar of chocolate is a felony." The 1997 Act, modeled on the
English
1628:
to apply to have their record expunged. At present the only relief that an individual convicted of a felony in federal court may receive is a presidential
2531:
1709:
and offenses expressly excluded by statute. During the 19th century criminal law reform incrementally reduced the number of capital offenses to five (see
2905:
1910:
2819:, Bundesministerium der Justiz. "Verbrechen sind rechtswidrige Taten, die im MindestmaĂź mit Freiheitsstrafe von einem Jahr oder darĂĽber bedroht sind."
1831:, said "The distinction has been eroded over many years and in today's conditions has no real relevance. Today, for example, serious offenses such as
1688:
wrote in the 18th century that felony "comprises every species of crime, which occasioned at common law the forfeiture of lands or goods". The word
2581:
1415:
or violent, typically because they contain some element of force or a threat of force against a person and are subject to additional penalties.
1033:") to describe an offense that resulted in the confiscation of a convicted person's land and goods, to which additional punishments, including
3033:
1811:
to commit a felony is itself a crime, whereas an attempt to commit a misdemeanor is a crime only if specifically prescribed as such by law.
1037:, could be added; other crimes were called misdemeanors. Following conviction of a felony in a court of law, a person may be described as a
1081:) are less serious. In still others, such as Brazil and Portugal, 'crimes' and 'delicts' are synonymous (more serious) and are opposed to
2784:
1741:
1407:
and are classified in capital felonies, first degree felonies, second degree felonies, third degree felonies and State jail felonies.
3437:
3026:
2741:
1710:
1468:
2868:
2399:
4264:
2997:
2039:
Any offense punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year is called a felony. Felonies are the most serious crimes.
2479:"EEOC Enforcement Guidance: Enforcement Guidance on the Consideration of Arrest and Conviction Records in Employment Decisions"
996:
3181:
1705:, which gradually evolved to exempt everybody (whether clergy or not) from that punishment for a first offense, except for
3233:
2634:
1105:
2259:
2011:
1895:
1859:
1718:
1506:
2898:
4116:
4038:
3108:
1843:, introduced the category of "arrestable offense" for those with penalties of five years' imprisonment or greater.
1604:
632:
396:
3049:
2429:
1957:
2674:
2313:
1935:
The common-law felonies were: murder, manslaughter, mayhem, robbery, larceny, rape, sodomy, arson, and burglary.
1996:
1820:
1650:
868:
121:
2652:
2633:
Republic of
Cameroon, Law No. 2016/007 of July 12, 2016, Relating to the Penal Code, section 21. Available in
1958:"Invasion of the Information Snatchers: Creating Liability for Corporations with Vulnerable Computer Networks"
3404:
1574:
878:
4111:
391:
3430:
1756:(6 & 7 Will. 4 c. 114) allowed persons indicted for felonies to be represented by counsel or attorney.
1625:
953:
862:
4234:
4219:
1357:
1216:
1866:". The 1996 Constitutional Review Group recommended replacing "felony" with "serious criminal offence".
1491:. However, felons may qualify for restoration of some rights after a certain period of time has passed.
3801:
3540:
3147:
3137:
1753:
1633:
989:
552:
200:
2638:
3313:
3089:
2607:
1905:
1875:
1649:
In the law of
Cameroon, a felony is a crime for which the maximum sentence is more than 10 years, or
846:
2937:
2365:
1498:
1067:
893:
116:
2954:
3916:
3423:
1851:
1847:
1800:) is any other crime punishable by imprisonment with a minimum of less than one year or by fine.
1609:
The primary means of restoring civil rights that are lost as a result of a felony conviction are
711:
24:
2904:. Law Reform Commission Consultation Papers (46–2007). Law Reform Commission. 2007: 89, fn.298.
1360:
in some US states may be a misdemeanor if a first offense, but a felony on subsequent offenses.
4224:
4028:
4018:
3639:
3514:
3099:
2395:
1624:
Federal law does not have any provision for persons convicted of federal felonies in a federal
1467:. The status and designation as a "felon" is considered permanent and is not extinguished upon
1432:
1281:
1206:
1111:
In the United States, a felony is a crime that is punishable by death or more than one year in
883:
622:
612:
298:
147:
96:
49:
20:
1419:
is also classified as a forcible felony in some jurisdictions including
Illinois and Florida.
4259:
4013:
3776:
3271:
2924:
1840:
1722:
1511:
1480:
1445:
1132:
982:
903:
607:
527:
4106:
4023:
4008:
3902:
3308:
3303:
3194:
2478:
1880:
1519:
1291:
697:
617:
602:
386:
8:
4196:
3570:
3458:
3361:
1863:
1832:
1782:, a word also translated in less technical contexts as simply "crime") is defined in the
1714:
841:
229:
181:
111:
101:
2738:
2030:. Office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. 2015-07-23
2027:
4121:
4101:
4066:
4056:
3674:
3655:
3585:
3494:
3171:
3084:
2876:
2872:
2796:
2716:
2173:
2107:
1900:
1729:
1694:
1685:
1584:
and leasing decisions (although a blanket ban on renting to felons may violate federal
1448:
1259:
1144:
1056:
1034:
945:
762:
752:
401:
381:
333:
314:
244:
141:
2234:
4126:
3962:
3615:
3580:
3228:
2804:
2146:
2099:
1992:
1916:
1702:
1382:
1201:
924:
898:
783:
406:
274:
239:
1891:
Employment discrimination against persons with criminal records in the United States
1828:
4182:
3888:
3826:
3721:
3243:
3199:
3132:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2816:
2708:
2138:
2091:
1570:
1397:
1314:
1306:
1124:
1097:
873:
831:
826:
683:
577:
472:
167:
3018:
2015:
4254:
4156:
4082:
3756:
3662:
3560:
3489:
3218:
2750:
2745:
2271:
1836:
1785:
1733:
1660:
The drafters of the bilingual
Cameroonian penal code of 1967 based their work on
1412:
1171:
1060:
817:
507:
436:
362:
321:
219:
157:
87:
72:
2400:"Combating Discrimination Against the Formerly Incarcerated in the Labor Market"
4166:
4161:
4131:
3953:
3645:
3499:
3398:
3287:
3253:
3209:
3166:
3161:
2772:
2454:
The U.S. federal government attempts to mitigate issues of bonding through the
1796:) that is punishable with a minimum of one year's imprisonment. A misdemeanor (
1765:
1728:
Arrestable offenses were abolished in 2006, and today crimes are classified as
1301:
1254:
1176:
929:
887:
446:
441:
411:
304:
2996:. Dublin: Stationery Office. §4: felony or breach of the peace. Archived from
2712:
2200:
1573:
and rental applications ask about felony history (a practice forbidden in the
4248:
3898:
3796:
3600:
3550:
3238:
3156:
3090:
Contempt of sovereign or statute (breach of any statutory wording as a crime)
2150:
2103:
1858:
members from arrest traveling to or from the legislature, does not apply to "
1392:
Massachusetts classifies a felony as an offense that carries any prison time.
1232:
1082:
693:
547:
259:
209:
1147:
of all incarceration contingent upon a defendant's successful completion of
4206:
4141:
3746:
3635:
3620:
3350:
3266:
2553:
1885:
1706:
1665:
1632:, which does not expunge the conviction, but rather grants relief from the
1465:
long-term legal consequences persisting after the end of their imprisonment
1270:
1136:
1052:
934:
497:
421:
294:
279:
191:
42:
4229:
3910:
3906:
3816:
3565:
3479:
3079:
2080:"An Economic Analysis of the Criminal Law as a Preference-Shaping Policy"
1824:
1737:
1614:
1585:
1562:
1526:
1404:
1353:
1328:
1236:
1196:
1022:
1018:
949:
705:
701:
567:
224:
153:
77:
2177:
2164:
Bradley Chapin (April 1989). "Felony Law Reform in the Early
Republic".
1721:
recommended that felonies be abolished altogether. This was done by the
4201:
3987:
3868:
3863:
3741:
3625:
3605:
3595:
3575:
3529:
3504:
3474:
3386:
3334:
3116:
3059:
2142:
2111:
2079:
1855:
1736:
offenses, the only distinction being the mode of trial (by jury in the
1669:
1661:
1545:
1541:
1522:
required to legally operate, making some vocations off limits to felons
1424:
1265:
1211:
1049:
1026:
1025:
is regarded as less serious. The term "felony" originated from English
970:
856:
808:
663:
658:
492:
284:
264:
254:
234:
186:
106:
59:
2720:
2696:
2506:"Denying Housing Over Criminal Record May Be Discrimination, Feds Say"
4171:
4151:
4136:
4071:
3977:
3972:
3941:
3931:
3893:
3831:
3811:
3751:
3726:
3355:
3318:
2272:"Chapter 776 Section 08 - 2011 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate"
2126:
1962:
The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
1476:
1344:
1323:
1186:
1148:
798:
793:
767:
736:
726:
688:
582:
562:
502:
477:
451:
431:
416:
3523:
3381:
2095:
4091:
4061:
3982:
3926:
3878:
3853:
3835:
3771:
3736:
3707:
3689:
3684:
3667:
3630:
3610:
3223:
1416:
1378:
1191:
1128:
1123:
Under common law, felonies were crimes punishable by either death,
919:
851:
803:
757:
721:
673:
648:
586:
522:
487:
371:
348:
343:
326:
289:
269:
66:
3362:
Until-dawn detention for being a stranger passing a night-watchman
2582:"Federal Restoration of Rights, Pardon, Expungement & Sealing"
1403:
In Texas, all felonies are more severe than either infractions or
1251:
above a certain statutorily established value or quantity of goods
4191:
4033:
3999:
3967:
3936:
3883:
3858:
3806:
3786:
3781:
3761:
3731:
3694:
3679:
3590:
3555:
3415:
3261:
3189:
2299:
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness
2127:"Offense seriousness scaling: An alternative to scenario methods"
1808:
1557:
1537:
1428:
1339:
1319:
1286:
1244:
1222:
1167:
836:
788:
731:
678:
653:
627:
557:
537:
532:
512:
482:
353:
338:
249:
214:
176:
34:
4096:
3921:
3791:
3650:
3365:
1629:
1610:
1600:
1488:
1484:
1472:
1276:
1112:
1072:
716:
542:
376:
309:
2190:
Legislative History – Copyright Felony Act. H.R. REP. NO. 997.
1768:, though increasingly "accused" or "defendant" was preferred.
3821:
3766:
3716:
3447:
1248:
1227:
1181:
1014:
572:
517:
467:
2340:"Loss and Restoration of Civil Rights & Firearms Rights"
1400:, although the Code identifies only three degrees of felony.
1131:, or both. While felony charges remain serious, concerns of
4146:
3873:
1551:
1494:
The consequences felons experience in most states include:
1463:
In many parts of the United States, a felon can experience
1297:
1162:
Felonies may include but are not limited to the following:
1140:
939:
668:
426:
2532:"FDIC quietly changes rule that cost thousands their jobs"
1701:
The death penalty for felony could be avoided by pleading
1483:
was given. The status can be cleared only by a successful
1385:). Some felonies remain outside the classification system.
2988:
2456:
2241:. Office of Manged Assigned Counsel, Harris County, Texas
2201:"§ 18.2-10. Punishment for conviction of felony; penalty"
1580:
It is broadly legal to discriminate against felons in
2393:
2370:, 418 US 24, 94 S. Ct. 2655, 41 L. Ed. 2d 551 (1974)"
3519:
2697:"The Cameroon Penal Code: Practical Comparative Law"
3048:
2653:"The Sentencing System under Cameroon Criminal Law"
2346:. Collateral Consequences Resource Center. May 2017
1157:
2166:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2125:Lynch, James P.; Danner, Mona J. E. (1993-09-01).
1911:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
1713:), and forfeiture for felony was abolished by the
2732:
2730:
1070:jurisdictions, such as Italy and Spain, the term
4246:
1764:A person being prosecuted for this was called a
1363:
2701:The International and Comparative Law Quarterly
2291:
2289:
2287:
1436:distinction among the first three categories."
1377:, first-degree murder and aggravated malicious
2727:
2163:
3431:
3034:
2949:
2947:
2899:"CONSOLIDATION AND REFORM OF THE COURTS ACTS"
2863:
2861:
1672:in the courts of East Cameroon at that time.
990:
2483:U.S. Equal Opportunity Employment Commission
2284:
1791:
1783:
1777:
19:"Felon" redirects here. For other uses, see
2853:StGB Section 23: Criminality of the Attempt
2829:StGB Section 12: Felonies and Misdemeanours
2817:StGB Section 12: Felonies and Misdemeanours
2785:Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005
2644:
2124:
2077:
1556:Ineligibility for government assistance or
3438:
3424:
3041:
3027:
2944:
2858:
2841:StGB Section 12: Felonies and Misdemeanors
2756:
2688:
2576:
2574:
2430:"Massachusetts Law about Criminal Records"
1790:(Criminal Code, StGB) as an unlawful act (
1536:Exclusion from purchase and possession of
997:
983:
2588:. Collateral Consequences Resource Center
2503:
2318:National Conference of State Legislatures
2295:
2051:Doing Justice – The Choice of Punishments
2675:"The Force of the Cameroon Legal System"
1711:Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
1594:
1096:
2955:"Criminal Law Bill, 1996: Second Stage"
2571:
2558:Collateral Consequences Resource Center
2529:
1986:
1955:
1431:present at the scene of the crime; (3)
4247:
2979:Constitution of Ireland, Article 15.13
2672:
2651:Galabe, Ferdinand Doh (January 2018).
2650:
1639:
3419:
3022:
2694:
2608:"Pardon Information and Instructions"
1675:
2739:Commentaries on the Laws of England
2695:Smith, J. A. Clarence (July 1968).
2612:United States Department of Justice
2131:Journal of Quantitative Criminology
1106:United States Department of Justice
13:
3445:
2989:Constitution Review Group (1996).
2504:Domonoske, Camila (4 April 2016).
2404:Northwestern University Law Review
2118:
1896:Federal crime in the United States
1525:Ineligibility to hold office in a
1518:Exclusion from obtaining visas or
1273:(unintentional killing of another)
14:
4276:
3281:Forgery, personation and cheating
2807:. Fourth Edition. 1960. Page 151.
1294:, with the intention of deception
4039:Perverting the course of justice
3522:
3513:
3461:. Not all types are listed here.
3392:
3380:
3098:
2530:Epstein, Victor (25 July 2013).
2078:Dau-Schmidt, Kenneth G. (1990).
1989:Evidence in trials at common law
1605:Expungement in the United States
1451: (2007) (citations omitted).
1411:Some felonies are classified as
1158:Classification by subject matter
1102:Felony Sentences in State Courts
1092:
1029:(from the French medieval word "
633:Perverting the course of justice
33:
3777:Intellectual property violation
3403:For current overview table see
3050:History of English criminal law
2982:
2973:
2911:from the original on 2010-07-03
2891:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2790:
2778:
2765:
2666:
2627:
2600:
2554:"Restoration of Rights Project"
2546:
2523:
2497:
2471:
2448:
2436:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
2422:
2387:
2358:
2332:
2306:
2264:
2253:
2227:
2218:
2193:
2184:
2028:"What Happens in a Felony Case"
1929:
1458:
528:Intellectual property violation
4265:Criminal law legal terminology
2157:
2071:
2059:
2044:
2020:
2005:
1980:
1956:Faulker, Sarah (Summer 2000).
1949:
1827:, introducing the bill in the
1759:
1013:is traditionally considered a
1:
2771:Legal Information Institute,
2586:Restoration of Rights Project
2434:Massachusetts Judicial Branch
2344:Restoration of Rights Project
1991:. Little Brown. p. 520.
1942:
1575:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1364:Classification by seriousness
1059:, and less serious crimes as
2749:(Book IV chapter 7) Oxford:
2296:Alexander, Michelle (2010).
1747:
1680:
1626:United States district court
1550:Ineligibility to serve on a
1501:(expressly permitted by the
863:Ignorantia juris non excusat
7:
3328:Death against family honour
3195:Gross indecency between men
3148:Offences against the person
2801:A First Book of English Law
2677:. Henry, Samuelson & Co
1869:
1655:tribunal de grande instance
1644:
1531:Landrum–Griffin Act of 1959
1358:driving under the influence
1217:Driving under the influence
10:
4281:
3802:Possessing stolen property
3096:
2673:Baaboh, Feh Henry (n.d.).
2459:. U.S. Department of Labor
1835:and obtaining property by
1814:
1771:
1754:Trials for Felony Act 1836
1598:
1438:Gonzales v. Duenas-Alvarez
1118:
553:Possessing stolen property
201:Offense against the person
18:
4216:
4181:
4081:
4048:
3997:
3951:
3845:
3705:
3539:
3511:
3467:
3454:
3375:
3343:
3327:
3314:Champerty and maintenance
3296:
3280:
3254:Offences against property
3252:
3208:
3180:
3146:
3125:
3107:
3067:
3056:
2457:"Federal Bonding Program"
1987:Wigmore, John H. (1979).
1876:Backberend and handhabend
1139:to the substitution of a
847:Diminished responsibility
641:Crimes against the public
3901:(such as prohibition of
3297:Offences against justice
2869:"Criminal Law Act, 1997"
1922:
776:Crimes against the state
696:(such as prohibition of
3368:and similar punishments
2736:Blackstone, W. (1765).
2713:10.1093/iclqaj/17.3.651
2396:Onwuachi-Willig, Angela
1852:parliamentary privilege
1336:(police officer, judge)
1334:Threatening an official
460:Crimes against property
150:(also called violation)
25:Felony (disambiguation)
4019:Miscarriage of justice
2959:Seanad Éireann debates
2932:Cite journal requires
2775:; accessed 2021.08.28.
2239:mac.harriscountytx.gov
2235:"About Texas Felonies"
1906:One strike, you're out
1792:
1784:
1778:
1686:Sir William Blackstone
1282:Obstruction of justice
1207:Copyright infringement
1108:
912:Other common-law areas
745:Crimes against animals
613:Miscarriage of justice
595:Crimes against justice
21:Felon (disambiguation)
4014:Malfeasance in office
3457:Note: Crimes vary by
3272:Fraudulent conversion
2368:Richardson v. Ramirez
2314:"Felon Voting Rights"
1841:Criminal Law Act 1967
1833:fraudulent conversion
1723:Criminal Law Act 1967
1595:Restoration of rights
1563:Removal (deportation)
1520:professional licenses
1512:Richardson v. Ramirez
1143:sentence or even the
1100:
818:Defenses to liability
608:Malfeasance in office
4107:Cybersex trafficking
3869:Censorship violation
3405:English criminal law
3309:Compounding a felony
3304:Misprision of felony
3212:and kindred offences
2655:. Dayspring Law Firm
1881:Compounding a felony
1529:(a provision of the
1503:Fourteenth Amendment
1347:on federal property.
1292:Police impersonation
664:Censorship violation
387:Cybersex trafficking
3899:Illegal consumption
3571:Criminal negligence
2320:. 29 September 2016
1864:breach of the peace
1715:Forfeiture Act 1870
1640:Other jurisdictions
1636:that stem from it.
1569:Additionally, many
1471:completion even if
1057:indictable offences
842:Defense of property
694:Illegal consumption
230:Criminal negligence
130:Severity of offense
4102:Child sexual abuse
4067:Wildlife smuggling
4057:Cruelty to animals
3846:Against the public
3675:Negligent homicide
3586:False imprisonment
3541:Against the person
3399:History portal
3364:; informal use of
3344:Criminal behaviour
3085:Arrestable offence
3003:on 17 October 2013
2961:. 26 February 1997
2873:Irish Statute Book
2744:2012-02-01 at the
2143:10.1007/BF01064464
1901:Felony murder rule
1850:declares that the
1742:magistrates' court
1740:or summarily in a
1634:civil disabilities
1611:executive clemency
1565:(if not a citizen)
1505:, as noted by the
1499:Disenfranchisement
1489:executive clemency
1260:Illegal drug trade
1109:
1035:capital punishment
763:Wildlife smuggling
753:Cruelty to animals
382:Child sexual abuse
334:Negligent homicide
245:False imprisonment
142:Indictable offense
86:Scope of criminal
4242:
4241:
4225:Wikimedia Commons
4183:Inchoate offenses
4127:Indecent exposure
3616:Human trafficking
3581:Domestic violence
3413:
3412:
3229:Blasphemous libel
3109:Inchoate offences
3068:Classes of crimes
2805:Sweet and Maxwell
2614:. 12 January 2015
2068:, Larry J. Siegel
1917:Three-strikes law
1854:, which protects
1848:1937 Constitution
1793:rechtswidrige Tat
1744:, respectively).
1703:benefit of clergy
1676:England and Wales
1383:life imprisonment
1381:) up to Class 1 (
1202:Child pornography
1104:, a study by the
1007:
1006:
407:Indecent exposure
275:Human trafficking
240:Domestic violence
168:Inchoate offenses
4272:
3889:Ethnic cleansing
3827:Trespass to land
3722:Arms trafficking
3532:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3417:
3416:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3244:Defamatory libel
3200:Indecent assault
3133:Marital coercion
3102:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2875:. Archived from
2865:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2797:O. Hood Phillips
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2642:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2394:Ajunwa, Ifeoma;
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2302:. The New Press.
2293:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2205:Leg1.state.va.us
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2084:Duke Law Journal
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1953:
1936:
1933:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1571:job applications
1398:Model Penal Code
1315:high-speed chase
1307:Resisting arrest
1085:(less serious).
1061:summary offences
999:
992:
985:
956:
827:Actual innocence
684:Ethnic cleansing
578:Trespass to land
473:Arms trafficking
37:
30:
29:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4157:Sex trafficking
4083:Sexual offenses
4077:
4076:
4075:
4049:Against animals
4044:
4043:
4042:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3757:False pretenses
3701:
3700:
3699:
3663:Preterintention
3535:
3528:
3521:
3518:
3509:
3463:
3450:
3444:
3414:
3409:
3393:
3391:
3379:
3371:
3339:
3323:
3292:
3276:
3248:
3219:Seditious libel
3204:
3182:Sexual offences
3176:
3142:
3121:
3103:
3094:
3063:
3052:
3047:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2987:
2983:
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2974:
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2953:
2952:
2945:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2879:on 16 June 2013
2867:
2866:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2751:Clarendon Press
2746:Wayback Machine
2735:
2728:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2632:
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2572:
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2547:
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2535:
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2524:
2514:
2512:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2485:. 25 April 2012
2477:
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2233:
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2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2162:
2158:
2123:
2119:
2096:10.2307/1372651
2076:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1872:
1837:false pretenses
1817:
1786:Strafgesetzbuch
1774:
1762:
1750:
1695:capital offense
1683:
1678:
1647:
1642:
1607:
1599:Main articles:
1597:
1461:
1455:
1366:
1160:
1133:proportionality
1121:
1095:
1043:convicted felon
1003:
944:
508:False pretenses
437:Sex trafficking
363:Sexual offenses
322:Preterintention
158:Summary offense
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4167:Sexual slavery
4164:
4162:Sexual assault
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3884:Hostage-taking
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
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3779:
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3759:
3754:
3749:
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3734:
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3724:
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3471:
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3455:
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3451:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3389:
3387:Law portal
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3360:Quasi-crimes:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
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3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
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3258:
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3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3210:Criminal libel
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:Mayhem (crime)
3164:
3162:Capital murder
3159:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3095:
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3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3014:
2981:
2972:
2943:
2934:|journal=
2890:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2789:
2777:
2764:
2755:
2726:
2707:(3): 651–671.
2687:
2665:
2643:
2626:
2599:
2570:
2545:
2522:
2496:
2470:
2447:
2421:
2386:
2374:Google Scholar
2357:
2331:
2305:
2283:
2263:
2252:
2226:
2217:
2192:
2183:
2172:(2): 163–183.
2156:
2137:(3): 309–322.
2117:
2070:
2058:
2043:
2019:
2012:18 U.S.C.
2004:
1997:
1979:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1927:
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1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1898:
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1878:
1871:
1868:
1862:, felony, and
1816:
1813:
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1761:
1758:
1749:
1746:
1719:Law Commission
1682:
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1386:
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1349:
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1342:
1337:
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1326:
1317:
1304:
1302:sexual assault
1295:
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1279:
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1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:Identity theft
1252:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Animal cruelty
1174:
1159:
1156:
1120:
1117:
1094:
1091:
1083:contraventions
1005:
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987:
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691:
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679:Hostage-taking
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447:Sexual slavery
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442:Sexual assault
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4117:Homosexuality
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3157:Petty treason
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2055:, 1976, p.220
2053:, A VONHIRSCH
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1670:trial by jury
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712:Miscegenation
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548:Pickpocketing
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260:Home invasion
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210:Assassination
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36:
32:
31:
26:
22:
16:Serious crime
4260:Criminal law
4207:Solicitation
4142:Prostitution
4132:Masturbation
3963:Lèse-majesté
3952:Against the
3747:Embezzlement
3636:Manslaughter
3621:Intimidation
3484:
3459:jurisdiction
3456:
3351:Common scold
3267:Embezzlement
3080:Misdemeanour
3074:
3058:Part of the
3005:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2984:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2958:
2925:cite journal
2913:. Retrieved
2893:
2881:. Retrieved
2877:the original
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2792:
2780:
2773:Criminal Law
2767:
2758:
2737:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2646:
2629:
2616:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2585:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2482:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2407:
2403:
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2373:
2367:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2343:
2334:
2322:. Retrieved
2317:
2308:
2297:
2275:. Retrieved
2266:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2195:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2032:. Retrieved
2022:
2007:
1988:
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1965:
1961:
1951:
1931:
1886:Criminal law
1845:
1818:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1727:
1707:high treason
1700:
1689:
1684:
1666:Nigerian law
1659:
1654:
1648:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1510:
1493:
1462:
1459:Consequences
1454:
1437:
1410:
1405:misdemeanors
1374:
1367:
1350:
1310:
1271:Manslaughter
1240:
1161:
1153:
1137:imprisonment
1122:
1110:
1101:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1021:, whereas a
1010:
1008:
904:Self-defense
861:
784:Lèse-majesté
498:Embezzlement
422:Prostitution
412:Masturbation
295:Manslaughter
280:Intimidation
192:Solicitation
137:
65:
58:
43:Criminal law
4112:Fornication
4029:Obstruction
4009:Compounding
3817:Tax evasion
3566:Child abuse
3480:Misdemeanor
3138:Provocation
2762:Blackstone.
2618:7 September
2592:7 September
2563:7 September
2538:7 September
2534:. USA Today
2515:7 September
2489:7 September
2463:7 September
2440:7 September
2414:11 February
2379:7 September
2350:7 September
2324:7 September
2210:19 November
2090:(1): 1–38.
2066:Criminology
2016:§ 3559
1825:Joan Burton
1760:Terminology
1738:Crown Court
1615:expungement
1586:housing law
1527:labor union
1433:accessories
1354:misdemeanor
1329:Tax evasion
1237:grand theft
1197:Child abuse
1166:Aggravated
1023:misdemeanor
1019:seriousness
899:Provocation
623:Obstruction
603:Compounding
568:Tax evasion
392:Fornication
225:Child abuse
154:Misdemeanor
78:Concurrence
4249:Categories
4220:WikiSource
4202:Incitement
4197:Conspiracy
4072:Bestiality
4024:Misprision
3988:Subversion
3942:War crimes
3937:Usurpation
3864:Corruption
3742:Cybercrime
3626:Kidnapping
3606:Hate crime
3596:Harassment
3576:Defamation
3530:Law portal
3505:Corruption
3495:Indictable
3475:Infraction
3335:Felo de se
3117:Incitement
3060:common law
2681:2022-06-08
2659:2022-06-08
2637:(PDF) and
2277:2022-06-08
2224:MPC § 6.01
2034:2022-06-08
1998:0316845590
1943:References
1856:Oireachtas
1779:Verbrechen
1776:A felony (
1730:indictable
1662:French law
1546:body armor
1542:ammunition
1425:common law
1266:Kidnapping
1212:Cybercrime
1145:suspension
1125:forfeiture
1050:common law
1027:common law
857:Entrapment
832:Automatism
809:Subversion
768:Bestiality
737:War crimes
732:Usurpation
659:Corruption
618:Misprision
493:Cybercrime
285:Kidnapping
265:Hate crime
255:Harassment
235:Defamation
187:Incitement
182:Conspiracy
148:Infraction
107:Complicity
102:Accomplice
60:Actus reus
4230:Wikiquote
4172:Voyeurism
4152:Pederasty
4137:Obscenity
3978:Secession
3973:Espionage
3932:Terrorism
3894:Smuggling
3832:Vandalism
3812:Smuggling
3752:Extortion
3727:Blackmail
3640:corporate
3446:Types of
3356:Loitering
3319:Embracery
3234:Blasphemy
3172:Treachery
2151:1573-7799
2104:0012-7086
1968:(4): 1025
1821:Irish law
1748:Procedure
1477:probation
1345:Vandalism
1324:Extortion
1187:Blackmail
1149:probation
1068:civil law
920:Contracts
894:Necessity
799:Secession
794:Espionage
727:Terrorism
689:Smuggling
583:Vandalism
563:Smuggling
503:Extortion
478:Blackmail
452:Voyeurism
432:Pederasty
417:Obscenity
299:corporate
122:Vicarious
117:Principal
112:Corporate
97:Accessory
88:liability
73:Causation
4235:Wikinews
4092:Adultery
4062:Poaching
3998:Against
3983:Sedition
3927:Regicide
3879:Genocide
3854:Apostasy
3836:Mischief
3772:Gambling
3737:Burglary
3708:property
3706:Against
3690:Stabbing
3685:Stalking
3668:Homicide
3631:Menacing
3611:Homicide
3288:Cheating
3224:Sedition
3150:or state
3126:Defences
3007:8 August
2991:"Report"
2906:Archived
2742:Archived
2398:(2018).
2245:6 August
2178:20092326
1870:See also
1798:Vergehen
1766:prisoner
1645:Cameroon
1538:firearms
1469:sentence
1429:abettors
1417:Burglary
1413:forcible
1389:severe).
1379:wounding
1192:Burglary
1129:property
1066:In some
1048:In many
1017:of high
935:Property
930:Evidence
925:Defenses
874:Insanity
804:Sedition
758:Poaching
722:Regicide
674:Genocide
649:Apostasy
587:Mischief
523:Gambling
488:Burglary
372:Adultery
349:Stabbing
344:Stalking
327:Homicide
290:Menacing
270:Homicide
67:Mens rea
50:Elements
4192:Attempt
4034:Perjury
4000:justice
3968:Treason
3911:smoking
3907:alcohol
3874:Dueling
3859:Begging
3807:Robbery
3787:Looting
3782:Larceny
3762:Forgery
3732:Bribery
3695:Torture
3680:Robbery
3638: (
3591:Frameup
3561:Battery
3556:Assault
3490:Summary
3468:Classes
3262:Larceny
3190:Buggery
2965:12 June
2915:12 June
2883:12 June
2635:English
2112:1372651
1860:treason
1815:Ireland
1809:attempt
1772:Germany
1734:summary
1681:History
1558:welfare
1340:Treason
1320:Robbery
1287:Perjury
1245:larceny
1223:Forgery
1172:battery
1168:assault
1119:History
1031:félonie
963:Portals
954:estates
886: (
884:Mistake
869:Infancy
837:Consent
789:Treason
706:smoking
702:alcohol
669:Dueling
654:Begging
628:Perjury
558:Robbery
538:Looting
533:Larceny
513:Forgery
483:Bribery
354:Torture
339:Robbery
297: (
250:Frameup
220:Battery
215:Assault
177:Attempt
4255:Crimes
4122:Incest
4097:Bigamy
3922:Piracy
3909:, and
3792:Payola
3656:felony
3651:Murder
3646:Mayhem
3500:Hybrid
3485:Felony
3366:stocks
3075:Felony
3062:series
2721:757015
2719:
2641:(PDF).
2639:French
2410:: 1385
2176:
2149:
2110:
2102:
2014:
1995:
1972:9 June
1913:(RICO)
1829:Seanad
1690:felony
1630:pardon
1601:Pardon
1582:hiring
1544:, and
1485:appeal
1473:parole
1277:Murder
1113:prison
1079:délits
1073:delict
1011:felony
950:trusts
888:of law
852:Duress
717:Piracy
704:, and
543:Payola
402:Incest
377:Bigamy
315:felony
310:Murder
305:Mayhem
138:Felony
3954:state
3903:drugs
3822:Theft
3767:Fraud
3717:Arson
3448:crime
3001:(PDF)
2994:(PDF)
2909:(PDF)
2902:(PDF)
2717:JSTOR
2174:JSTOR
2108:JSTOR
1923:Notes
1651:death
1444:
1423:"The
1249:theft
1228:Fraud
1182:Arson
1041:or a
1039:felon
1015:crime
946:Wills
940:Torts
698:drugs
573:Theft
518:Fraud
468:Arson
4147:Rape
3009:2013
2967:2013
2938:help
2917:2013
2885:2013
2620:2017
2594:2017
2565:2017
2540:2017
2517:2017
2491:2017
2465:2017
2442:2017
2416:2020
2381:2017
2352:2017
2326:2017
2247:2024
2212:2017
2147:ISSN
2100:ISSN
2088:1990
1993:ISBN
1974:2019
1846:The
1752:The
1664:and
1613:and
1603:and
1552:jury
1446:U.S.
1375:e.g.
1311:e.g.
1298:Rape
1241:i.e.
1141:jail
952:and
427:Rape
156:(or
140:(or
23:and
2709:doi
2510:NPR
2408:112
2170:113
2139:doi
2092:doi
1819:In
1807:An
1732:or
1657:).
1509:in
1487:or
1479:or
1449:183
1442:549
1247:or
1235:or
1170:or
1127:of
1115:.
971:Law
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3834:,
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