999:
1252:
a jury, but the party accused is acquitted or condemned by the suffrage of such person only, as the statute has appointed for his judge. An institution designed professedly for the greater ease of the subject, by doing him speedy justice, and by not harassing the freeholders with frequent and troublesome attendances to try every minute offence. But it has of late been so far extended, as, if a check be not timely given, to threaten the disuse of our admirable and truly
English trial by jury, unless only in capital cases.
1304:, "there are certain minor or petty offenses that may be proceeded against summarily, and without a jury". These can include criminal and civil citations, where a person may be charged with a criminal or non-criminal infraction without the need of a physical arrest, such as in cases of non-violent fineable violations, crimes that carry little incarceration time, or non-criminal acts such as speeding. Any crime that is punishable by the controlling law for more than six months of
2975:
2984:
1225:. In such proceedings there is no jury; the appointed judge, or a panel of three lay magistrates, decides the guilt or innocence of the accused. Each summary offence is specified by statute which describes the (usually minor) offence and the judge to hear it. A summary procedure can result in a summary conviction. A "summary offence" is one which, if charged to an adult, can only be tried by summary procedure. Similar procedures are also used in Scotland.
24:
1061:. As in other jurisdictions, summary conviction offences are considered less serious than indictable offences because they are punishable by shorter prison sentences and smaller fines. These offences appear both in the federal laws of Canada and in the legislation of Canada's provinces and territories. For summary conviction offences that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government (including all
1232:, so are not thereby "summary offences" in the meaning of that term defined by statute. Contrariwise, certain summary offences may in certain circumstances be tried on indictment along with other offences that are themselves indictable; they do not thereby become "indictable offences" or "either way offences" but remain "summary offences", though tried by jury.
1251:
proceeding I mean principally such as is directed by several acts of parliament (for the common law is a stranger to it, unless in the case of contempts) for the conviction of offenders, and the inflicting of certain penalties created by those acts of parliament. In these there is no intervention of
1326:
of the court, as "the requirement of a jury does not apply to contempts committed in disobedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command entered in any suit or action brought or prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United States". There have been criticisms over the
1746:
enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed, only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in
1787:
During a hearing on remand, Adefemi acknowledged several other convictions and arrests, including the circumstances surrounding
Georgia Citation Number 0129, under which Adefemi received a citation for a weapons
1316:
are entitled to a jury trial (irrespective of the nature of their offenses). In any case, for summary criminal offenses in the United States, convictions can still show as such on a criminal record.
1069:
specifies that, unless another punishment is provided for by law, the maximum penalty for a summary conviction offence is a sentence of 2 years less a day of imprisonment, a fine of $ 5,000 or both.
1465:, ... may receive a suspended sentence uncounseled. (Typical 'summary offenses' in Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ...
1335:
wrote in a 1964 dissent: "It is high time, in my judgment, to wipe out root and branch the judge-invented and judge-maintained notion that judges can try criminal contempt cases without a jury."
2305:
1509:
1228:
Certain offences that may be tried in a Crown Court (by jury) may be required to be tried summarily if the value involved is small; such offences are still considered
1111:
Accused convicted under summary conviction are eligible for a pardon after five years provided the accused is not convicted of any further offences during that period.
1084:
The police can arrest under summary conviction without an arrest warrant if found committing a summary offence notwithstanding s. 495(2)(c) of the
Criminal Code.
1668:
1124:
There is no time limit to when charges can be laid, such that an accused can be charged at any time after an act has occurred. The exception to this point is
2788:
1897:
2728:
2315:
1093:
Appeals of summary conviction offences go first to the highest trial court within the jurisdiction (e.g., provincial superior court in
Alberta is the
2738:
2119:
1597:"I have heard of "summary offences" and "indictable offences". What are the differences between the two and which court can try these offences?"
1957:
1081:
Accused must be charged with a summary conviction within one year after the act happened. Limitation periods are set out in the
Criminal Code.
1462:
only those charged with 'summary offenses' (violations not technically considered crimes and punishable by no more than 90 days' imprisonment
2426:
1265:
2897:
2862:
2208:
1072:
As a matter of practical effect, some common differences between summary conviction and indictable offences are provided below.
2470:
2282:
1920:
985:
2438:
2360:
2252:
2723:
2345:
2310:
1094:
2340:
1240:
1950:
1395:
1328:
2579:
2165:
2129:
2073:
1150:
1011:
1571:
3576:
3498:
2698:
2111:
621:
385:
1537:
2416:
1676:
1003:
2763:
2564:
2064:
857:
110:
2495:
2421:
1943:
867:
3571:
1747:
Pennsylvania include the failure to return a library book within 30 days... and fishing on a Sunday ...
380:
2890:
2500:
2100:
1865:"Petty Offenses, Serious Consequences: Multiple Petty Offenses and the Sixth Amendment Right to Jury Trial"
942:
851:
3694:
3679:
2667:
2459:
2248:
2213:
2155:
2068:
1635:
1621:
3261:
3000:
2629:
2295:
2230:
2219:
1285:
1277:
1108:, but as a practical matter very few summary convictions are ever heard by the Supreme Court of Canada.
1101:
1100:
After
Provincial Superior Court a further appeal would go to the Provincial Court of Appeal (e.g., the
978:
541:
189:
1596:
1137:
Appeals always go to the
Provincial Court of Appeal first, and then on to the Supreme Court of Canada.
1672:
1301:
1114:
Always tried in a provincial court (cannot be joined with an indictable offence in a superior court).
835:
1181:, summary offences are covered by the Summary Offences Act 1981, and include offences that resemble
1131:
Police do not require a warrant to arrest under an indictable offence: see S.495(1)(a) Criminal Code
2584:
2454:
2378:
2045:
2040:
1297:
882:
105:
3376:
2883:
2549:
2443:
2240:
2170:
2089:
1664:
1105:
700:
3684:
3488:
3478:
3099:
2974:
2748:
2490:
2175:
1066:
998:
872:
611:
601:
287:
85:
38:
1134:
Accused has to submit fingerprints when required to appear to answer to an indictable offence.
3714:
3473:
3236:
2713:
2634:
2589:
2433:
2244:
2193:
2160:
1379:
1222:
971:
892:
596:
516:
3566:
3483:
3468:
3362:
2733:
2703:
2277:
2272:
2256:
1966:
1157:(s). Typical examples for summary offences in Hong Kong include possession of a simulated
1007:
686:
606:
591:
375:
8:
3656:
3030:
2918:
2758:
2516:
2475:
2368:
2124:
2060:
2055:
1898:"The Petty Offense Exception in New York: The Accused Prostitute's Right to a Jury Trial"
830:
218:
170:
100:
90:
1280:, depending on the offence (the latter being primarily for the most minor of offences).
1260:, trials for summary offences are heard in one of a number of types of lower court. For
3581:
3561:
3526:
3516:
3134:
3115:
3045:
2954:
2840:
2505:
2388:
2335:
2203:
2050:
2005:
1995:
1980:
1884:
1349:
1236:
1229:
1194:
1154:
1042:
934:
751:
741:
390:
370:
322:
303:
233:
130:
1087:
If the police do not find committing a summary offence, an arrest warrant is required.
3586:
3422:
3075:
3040:
2778:
2708:
2411:
2267:
2186:
1928:
1864:
1354:
1319:
1261:
1218:
913:
887:
772:
395:
263:
228:
1140:
Accused convicted under an indictable offence can apply for a pardon after 10 years.
3642:
3348:
3286:
3181:
2753:
2644:
2594:
2465:
2401:
2262:
1876:
1422:
1281:
1162:
1090:
Accused does not have to submit fingerprints when charged under
Summary Conviction.
1026:
862:
820:
815:
672:
566:
461:
156:
1725:
1438:
3719:
3616:
3542:
3216:
3122:
3020:
2449:
2330:
2320:
2028:
1478:
1178:
806:
496:
425:
351:
310:
208:
76:
61:
1399:
3626:
3621:
3591:
3413:
3105:
2959:
2835:
2783:
2718:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2544:
2526:
2485:
2373:
2287:
2181:
2139:
1985:
1359:
1257:
1166:
918:
876:
435:
430:
400:
293:
1149:
In Hong Kong, trials for summary offences are heard in one of the territory's
1033:
jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a
3708:
3358:
3256:
3060:
3010:
2743:
2198:
2000:
1273:
682:
536:
248:
198:
1778:
3666:
3601:
3206:
3095:
3080:
2830:
2816:
2639:
1735:
1448:
1305:
1202:
1193:, as well as offences against public order. It also covers some aspects of
1062:
923:
486:
410:
283:
268:
180:
31:
3689:
1800:
1760:
3370:
3366:
3276:
3025:
2939:
2094:
1841:
1818:
1743:
1707:
1689:
1671:), as amended by section 170 of, and paragraph 59 of Schedule 15 to, the
1456:
1404:
1344:
1323:
1206:
938:
694:
690:
556:
213:
142:
66:
1125:
3661:
3447:
3328:
3323:
3201:
3085:
3065:
3055:
3035:
2989:
2964:
2934:
2854:
2821:
2798:
2609:
2539:
2325:
2022:
1935:
1888:
1837:
1332:
1309:
1038:
1034:
1030:
959:
845:
797:
652:
647:
481:
273:
253:
243:
223:
175:
95:
48:
2292:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
3631:
3611:
3596:
3531:
3437:
3432:
3401:
3391:
3353:
3291:
3271:
3211:
3186:
2826:
2773:
2604:
2599:
2569:
1739:
1452:
1313:
787:
782:
756:
725:
715:
677:
571:
551:
491:
466:
440:
420:
405:
2983:
1880:
3551:
3521:
3442:
3386:
3338:
3313:
3295:
3231:
3196:
3167:
3149:
3144:
3127:
3090:
3070:
2806:
2768:
2672:
2574:
2034:
1269:
1190:
908:
840:
792:
746:
710:
662:
637:
575:
511:
476:
360:
337:
332:
315:
278:
258:
55:
3651:
3493:
3459:
3427:
3396:
3343:
3318:
3266:
3246:
3241:
3221:
3191:
3154:
3139:
3050:
3015:
2875:
2693:
2688:
2662:
2554:
2510:
2350:
2300:
2134:
1807:. Harvard Law School. July 20, 2007. p. 724 & n. 2.
1675:, and by section 154 of, and paragraph 169 of Schedule 7 to, the
1182:
825:
777:
720:
667:
642:
616:
546:
526:
521:
501:
471:
342:
327:
238:
203:
165:
23:
3556:
3381:
3251:
3110:
2944:
2406:
1198:
1054:
705:
531:
365:
298:
126:
3281:
3226:
3176:
2907:
2559:
2534:
1459:
enjoy a right to counsel regardless of the sentence imposed,
1186:
561:
506:
456:
1732:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 2002. p. 670 n. 10.
1445:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 2002. p. 670 n. 10.
1308:
must have some means for a jury trial. Some states, such as
3606:
3333:
2811:
2480:
2396:
1158:
928:
657:
415:
1669:"construction of certain expressions relating to offences"
1659:
1657:
1836:
1785:. Harvard Law School. September 28, 2004. p. 1025.
1654:
1221:, the expression "summary trial" means a trial in the
2979:
1433:
1431:
2729:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2316:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
1421:See also Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule
2724:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
2311:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
1825:. Harvard Law School. April 6, 1964. p. 688.
1767:. Harvard Law School. March 9, 1895. p. 297.
1428:
1411:. Harvard Law School. June 24, 1996. p. 323.
3706:
1714:. Harvard Law School. May 20, 1968. p. 146.
1696:. Harvard Law School. May 14, 1888. p. 552.
1842:"United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S. 681 (1964)"
1819:"United States v. Barnett, 376 U.S. 681 (1964)"
1624:(Act). New Zealand Parliament. 23 October 1981.
1391:
1389:
1783:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
1243:(1765–1769), described summary offences thus:
1075:
2891:
1951:
1761:"Ex parte Wong You Ting, 106 Cal. 296 (1895)"
1405:"Lewis v. United States, 518 U.S. 322 (1996)"
1161:, drunkenness, taking photographs in courts,
1153:, unless the defendant is accused with other
979:
1921:"Why It's Time to Repeal Petty Offense Laws"
1805:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
1532:
1530:
1386:
1667:, section 5 and Schedule 1 (in the heading
1499:Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C - 46, s 786(2)
2898:
2884:
1958:
1944:
1708:"Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145 (1968)"
986:
972:
1726:"Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 (2002)"
1527:
1439:"Alabama v. Shelton, 535 U.S. 654 (2002)"
1425:("Petty Offenses and Other Misdemeanors")
2278:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
1965:
1902:N.Y.U. Review of Law & Social Change
1010:, all summary offences are heard in the
997:
1690:"Callan v. Wilson, 127 U.S. 540 (1888)"
1365:
1128:, which has a 3-year limitation period.
3707:
2471:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
2283:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
1862:
1636:"Summary offences and the Crown Court"
1118:
1057:, summary offences are referred to as
2879:
2439:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
1939:
1923:. Open Society Foundations. May 2021.
1895:
1589:
1468:(citations omitted) (emphasis added).
2346:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
1779:"Adefemi v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 1022"
1205:, as well as regulating the sale of
1840:, dissenting, ed. (April 6, 1964).
1241:Commentaries on the Laws of England
13:
2905:
1856:
1848:. Harvard Law School. p. 727.
1601:Community Legal Information Centre
136:
14:
3731:
1913:
1212:
3499:Perverting the course of justice
2982:
2973:
2921:. Not all types are listed here.
2739:Encouraging or assisting a crime
2699:Perverting the course of justice
2120:Encouraging or assisting a crime
1801:"Awad v. Gonzales, 494 F.3d 723"
1291:
622:Perverting the course of justice
22:
3237:Intellectual property violation
2863:History of English criminal law
2754:Obstruction of a police officer
2417:Fear or provocation of violence
1931:. Fort Collins Municipal Court.
1830:
1811:
1793:
1771:
1753:
1718:
1700:
1682:
1628:
1614:
1564:
517:Intellectual property violation
2764:Refusing to assist a constable
2580:Taking without owner's consent
1555:
1502:
1493:
1471:
1415:
1372:
1172:
1:
2784:Fabrication of false evidence
2496:Misconduct in a public office
2422:Harassment, alarm or distress
1996:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
2501:Misfeasance in public office
2101:Ignorantia juris non excusat
1677:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1144:
1004:Melbourne Magistrates' Court
852:Ignorantia juris non excusat
7:
2668:Cheating the public revenue
2460:Effecting a public mischief
2306:Assault with intent to rape
1765:Supreme Court of California
1642:. Crown Prosecution Service
1402:("Petty offense defined");
1338:
1104:), and then finally to the
1076:Summary conviction offences
1059:summary conviction offences
10:
3736:
3262:Possessing stolen property
2744:Escape from lawful custody
2630:Fraud by abuse of position
2296:Assault with intent to rob
2220:Category:Criminal defences
1278:Justice of the peace court
1102:Court of Appeal of Alberta
542:Possessing stolen property
190:Offense against the person
16:Crime tried without a jury
3676:
3641:
3541:
3508:
3457:
3411:
3305:
3165:
2999:
2971:
2927:
2914:
2860:For obsolete aspects see
2849:
2797:
2681:
2653:
2595:Misappropriation of funds
2527:Offences against property
2525:
2387:
2359:
2229:
2209:Diminished responsibility
2148:
2110:
2082:
2014:
1973:
1827:(quotation marks omitted)
1673:Criminal Justice Act 1988
1622:Summary Offences Act 1981
1327:practice. In particular,
1286:Magistrates' Court system
1048:
836:Diminished responsibility
630:Crimes against the public
3361:(such as prohibition of
2682:Offences against justice
2455:Outraging public decency
2379:Sexual Offences Act 2003
2180:inc. participation in a
2090:Lesser included offences
2046:Intention in English law
2041:Intention (criminal law)
1863:Butler, Jeff E. (1995).
765:Crimes against the state
685:(such as prohibition of
1665:Interpretation Act 1978
1165:and pretending to be a
1106:Supreme Court of Canada
449:Crimes against property
139:(also called violation)
3479:Miscarriage of justice
2799:Other common law areas
2749:Obstruction of justice
2491:Accessory (legal term)
2253:Corporate manslaughter
1561:R v Clunas, 1 SCR 595
1481:. Government of Canada
1254:
1065:), section 787 of the
1014:
901:Other common-law areas
734:Crimes against animals
602:Miscarriage of justice
584:Crimes against justice
3474:Malfeasance in office
2917:Note: Crimes vary by
2714:Misprision of treason
2635:Conspiracy to defraud
2590:Handling stolen goods
2434:Public Order Act 1986
2389:Public order offences
1245:
1095:Court of King's Bench
1001:
807:Defenses to liability
597:Malfeasance in office
3567:Cybersex trafficking
3329:Censorship violation
2734:Harboring a fugitive
2704:Witness intimidation
2654:Forgery, personation
2273:Concealment of birth
1967:English criminal law
1750:(citations omitted).
1366:Notes and references
653:Censorship violation
376:Cybersex trafficking
3359:Illegal consumption
3031:Criminal negligence
2789:Rescuing a prisoner
2759:Wasting police time
2517:Dereliction of duty
2476:Breach of the peace
2194:Prevention of crime
2056:Criminal negligence
1908:(2). The Harbinger.
1896:Michelena, Hallie.
1869:Michigan Law Review
1738:, for example, all
1451:, for example, all
1312:, provide that all
1230:either way offences
1151:Magistrates' Courts
1119:Indictable offences
1008:Victoria, Australia
831:Defense of property
683:Illegal consumption
219:Criminal negligence
119:Severity of offense
3562:Child sexual abuse
3527:Wildlife smuggling
3517:Cruelty to animals
3306:Against the public
3135:Negligent homicide
3046:False imprisonment
3001:Against the person
2855:English law portal
2841:Criminal procedure
2506:Abuse of authority
2336:False imprisonment
2187:Medical procedures
2015:Elements of crimes
1846:U.S. Supreme Court
1823:U.S. Supreme Court
1730:U.S. Supreme Court
1712:U.S. Supreme Court
1694:U.S. Supreme Court
1443:U.S. Supreme Court
1409:U.S. Supreme Court
1382:. Merriam-Webster.
1350:Indictable offence
1266:Magistrates' Court
1237:William Blackstone
1223:magistrates' court
1155:indictable offence
1043:indictable offence
1015:
1012:Magistrates' Court
752:Wildlife smuggling
742:Cruelty to animals
371:Child sexual abuse
323:Negligent homicide
234:False imprisonment
131:Indictable offense
75:Scope of criminal
3702:
3701:
3685:Wikimedia Commons
3643:Inchoate offenses
3587:Indecent exposure
3076:Human trafficking
3041:Domestic violence
2873:
2872:
2779:Contempt of court
2709:Witness tampering
2427:intent aggravates
2412:Unlawful assembly
2268:Child destruction
2112:Inchoate offences
1974:Classes of crimes
1355:Summary execution
1320:Contempt of court
1296:In United States
1262:England and Wales
1219:England and Wales
1041:(required for an
996:
995:
396:Indecent exposure
264:Human trafficking
229:Domestic violence
157:Inchoate offenses
3727:
3349:Ethnic cleansing
3287:Trespass to land
3182:Arms trafficking
2992:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2645:Webcam blackmail
2466:disorderly house
2402:Violent disorder
2263:Unlawful killing
2231:Offences against
2069:Strict liability
1960:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1909:
1892:
1850:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1686:
1680:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1435:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1322:is considered a
1282:Northern Ireland
1163:careless driving
988:
981:
974:
945:
816:Actual innocence
673:Ethnic cleansing
567:Trespass to land
462:Arms trafficking
26:
19:
18:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3617:Sex trafficking
3543:Sexual offenses
3537:
3536:
3535:
3509:Against animals
3504:
3503:
3502:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3217:False pretenses
3161:
3160:
3159:
3123:Preterintention
2995:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2969:
2923:
2910:
2904:
2874:
2869:
2845:
2793:
2677:
2655:
2649:
2565:Criminal damage
2521:
2450:Public nuisance
2383:
2361:Sexual offences
2355:
2331:Child abduction
2232:
2225:
2171:Loss of control
2144:
2106:
2078:
2010:
1969:
1964:
1929:"Petty Offense"
1927:
1919:
1916:
1881:10.2307/1289950
1859:
1857:Further reading
1854:
1853:
1835:
1831:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1724:
1723:
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1706:
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1701:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1662:
1655:
1645:
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1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1479:"Criminal Code"
1477:
1476:
1472:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1403:
1394:
1387:
1380:"petty offense"
1378:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1341:
1294:
1217:In relation to
1215:
1179:New Zealand law
1175:
1147:
1121:
1078:
1051:
1019:summary offence
992:
933:
497:False pretenses
426:Sex trafficking
352:Sexual offenses
311:Preterintention
147:Summary offense
17:
12:
11:
5:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3627:Sexual slavery
3624:
3622:Sexual assault
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3529:
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3514:
3513:
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3510:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Hostage-taking
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
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3179:
3174:
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3170:
3163:
3162:
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3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
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3130:
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3119:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Jury tampering
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:Fraud Act 2006
2622:
2620:Theft Act 1978
2617:
2615:Theft Act 1968
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Cheating (law)
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:Forcible entry
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2374:Sexual assault
2371:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2288:Common assault
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2182:sporting event
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2140:Common purpose
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2086:
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2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1915:
1914:External links
1912:
1911:
1910:
1893:
1875:(3): 872–896.
1858:
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1427:
1414:
1396:18 U.S.C.
1385:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1360:Hybrid offence
1357:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1293:
1290:
1258:United Kingdom
1214:
1213:United Kingdom
1211:
1174:
1171:
1167:public officer
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731:
730:
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723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
680:
675:
670:
668:Hostage-taking
665:
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640:
632:
631:
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619:
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469:
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459:
451:
450:
446:
445:
444:
443:
438:
436:Sexual slavery
433:
431:Sexual assault
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
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52:
42:
41:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3732:
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3710:
3696:
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3681:
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3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Homosexuality
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3544:
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3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
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3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Miscegenation
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
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3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Pickpocketing
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3153:
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3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
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3121:
3117:
3114:
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3112:
3109:
3107:
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3101:
3097:
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3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Home invasion
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Assassination
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
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2690:
2687:
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2643:
2641:
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2623:
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2618:
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2596:
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2250:
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2228:
2222:
2221:
2217:
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2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Lawful excuse
2197:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
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2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
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2102:
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2030:
2027:
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2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
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1941:
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1890:
1886:
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1878:
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1838:Justice Black
1833:
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1806:
1802:
1796:
1789:
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1774:
1766:
1762:
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1745:
1742:charged with
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1511:
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1496:
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1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:charged with
1454:
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1440:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1410:
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3667:Solicitation
3602:Prostitution
3592:Masturbation
3423:Lèse-majesté
3412:Against the
3207:Embezzlement
3096:Manslaughter
3081:Intimidation
2949:
2919:jurisdiction
2916:
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2853:
2656:and cheating
2640:Fare evasion
2249:Manslaughter
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1272:, it is the
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893:Self-defense
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773:Lèse-majesté
487:Embezzlement
411:Prostitution
401:Masturbation
284:Manslaughter
269:Intimidation
181:Solicitation
146:
54:
47:
32:Criminal law
3572:Fornication
3489:Obstruction
3469:Compounding
3277:Tax evasion
3026:Child abuse
2940:Misdemeanor
2257:Infanticide
2095:Concurrence
1345:Misdemeanor
1324:prerogative
1207:spray paint
1173:New Zealand
888:Provocation
612:Obstruction
592:Compounding
557:Tax evasion
381:Fornication
214:Child abuse
143:Misdemeanor
67:Concurrence
3709:Categories
3680:WikiSource
3662:Incitement
3657:Conspiracy
3532:Bestiality
3484:Misprision
3448:Subversion
3402:War crimes
3397:Usurpation
3324:Corruption
3202:Cybercrime
3086:Kidnapping
3066:Hate crime
3056:Harassment
3036:Defamation
2990:Law portal
2965:Corruption
2955:Indictable
2935:Infraction
2610:Cybercrime
2540:Dishonesty
2464:Keeping a
2341:Harassment
2326:Kidnapping
2233:the person
2125:Conspiracy
2023:Actus reus
2006:Common law
1986:Either way
1981:Indictable
1788:violation.
1740:defendants
1576:canlii.org
1542:canlii.org
1514:canlii.org
1453:defendants
1333:Hugo Black
1314:defendants
1310:California
1039:indictment
1035:jury trial
1031:common law
846:Entrapment
821:Automatism
798:Subversion
757:Bestiality
726:War crimes
721:Usurpation
648:Corruption
607:Misprision
482:Cybercrime
274:Kidnapping
254:Hate crime
244:Harassment
224:Defamation
176:Incitement
171:Conspiracy
137:Infraction
96:Complicity
91:Accomplice
49:Actus reus
3690:Wikiquote
3632:Voyeurism
3612:Pederasty
3597:Obscenity
3438:Secession
3433:Espionage
3392:Terrorism
3354:Smuggling
3292:Vandalism
3272:Smuggling
3212:Extortion
3187:Blackmail
3100:corporate
2906:Types of
2774:Espionage
2605:Extortion
2600:Blackmail
2585:Deception
2570:Squatting
2166:Necessity
2130:Accessory
2083:Doctrines
2074:Omissions
2065:Vicarious
2061:Corporate
2029:Causation
2001:Statutory
1572:"Captcha"
1538:"Captcha"
1510:"Captcha"
1400:§ 19
1302:state law
1239:, in his
1145:Hong Kong
1027:violation
909:Contracts
883:Necessity
788:Secession
783:Espionage
716:Terrorism
678:Smuggling
572:Vandalism
552:Smuggling
492:Extortion
467:Blackmail
441:Voyeurism
421:Pederasty
406:Obscenity
288:corporate
111:Vicarious
106:Principal
101:Corporate
86:Accessory
77:liability
62:Causation
3695:Wikinews
3552:Adultery
3522:Poaching
3458:Against
3443:Sedition
3387:Regicide
3339:Genocide
3314:Apostasy
3296:Mischief
3232:Gambling
3197:Burglary
3168:property
3166:Against
3150:Stabbing
3145:Stalking
3128:Homicide
3091:Menacing
3071:Homicide
2836:Evidence
2817:Property
2807:Contract
2769:Sedition
2673:Uttering
2575:Trespass
2550:Burglary
2448:Causing
2444:Nuisance
2241:Homicide
2204:Insanity
2149:Defences
2035:Mens rea
1646:19 March
1606:20 April
1581:19 March
1547:19 March
1519:19 March
1339:See also
1331:Justice
1270:Scotland
1191:nuisance
1029:in some
924:Property
919:Evidence
914:Defenses
863:Insanity
793:Sedition
747:Poaching
711:Regicide
663:Genocide
638:Apostasy
576:Mischief
512:Gambling
477:Burglary
361:Adultery
338:Stabbing
333:Stalking
316:Homicide
279:Menacing
259:Homicide
56:Mens rea
39:Elements
3652:Attempt
3494:Perjury
3460:justice
3428:Treason
3371:smoking
3367:alcohol
3334:Dueling
3319:Begging
3267:Robbery
3247:Looting
3242:Larceny
3222:Forgery
3192:Bribery
3155:Torture
3140:Robbery
3098: (
3051:Frameup
3021:Battery
3016:Assault
2950:Summary
2928:Classes
2831:estates
2694:Perjury
2689:Bribery
2663:Forgery
2555:Robbery
2513:of oath
2511:Perjury
2351:Treason
2321:Battery
2301:Robbery
2176:Consent
2135:Attempt
1991:Summary
1889:1289950
1485:20 June
1298:federal
1256:In the
1249:summary
1183:forgery
1126:treason
1037:and/or
952:Portals
943:estates
875: (
873:Mistake
858:Infancy
826:Consent
778:Treason
695:smoking
691:alcohol
658:Dueling
643:Begging
617:Perjury
547:Robbery
527:Looting
522:Larceny
502:Forgery
472:Bribery
343:Torture
328:Robbery
286: (
239:Frameup
209:Battery
204:Assault
166:Attempt
3720:Crimes
3582:Incest
3557:Bigamy
3382:Piracy
3369:, and
3252:Payola
3116:felony
3111:Murder
3106:Mayhem
2960:Hybrid
2945:Felony
2827:Trusts
2407:Affray
2245:Murder
2161:Duress
1887:
1398:
1199:arrest
1195:search
1177:Under
1055:Canada
1049:Canada
939:trusts
877:of law
841:Duress
706:Piracy
693:, and
532:Payola
391:Incest
366:Bigamy
304:felony
299:Murder
294:Mayhem
127:Felony
3414:state
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3282:Theft
3227:Fraud
3177:Arson
2908:crime
2865:table
2822:Wills
2560:Theft
2535:Arson
1885:JSTOR
1268:. In
1247:By a
1187:fraud
1025:is a
1006:. In
935:Wills
929:Torts
687:drugs
562:Theft
507:Fraud
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2369:Rape
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1648:2018
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