512:
1772:"There is ... an application of intelligence in linguistic change which is absent in biological evolution; and this suffices to make the two domains totally disanalogous ... [Grammaticalisation depends on] cognitive processes, ultimately serving the goal of problem solving, which intelligent entities like humans must perform all the time, but which biological entities like genes cannot perform. Trying to eliminate this basic difference leads to confusion.”
6866:
1067:
6921:
6892:
6879:
455:
6933:
1793:
1054:
1757:"Language was considered a specific sphere, a fourth natural kingdom; this led to methods of reasoning which would have caused astonishment in other sciences. Today one cannot read a dozen lines written at that time without being struck by absurdities of reasoning and by the terminology used to justify these absurdities”
1740:
and neurological claims made by evolutionary cognitive linguists have been likened to pseudoscience. All in all, there does not appear to be any evidence for the basic tenets of evolutionary linguistics beyond the fact that language is processed by the brain, and brain structures are shaped by genes.
1776:
Itkonen also points out that the principles of natural selection are not applicable because language innovation and acceptance have the same source which is the speech community. In biological evolution, mutation and selection have different sources. This makes it possible for people to change their
1582:
The adaptational view of language is advocated by various frameworks of cognitive and evolutionary linguistics, with the terms 'functionalism' and 'Cognitive
Linguistics' often being equated. It is hypothesised that the evolution of the animal brain provides humans with a mechanism of abstract
1403:
of the late 1990s. The shift of the century saw a new academic funding policy where interdisciplinary research became favoured, effectively directing research funds to biological humanities. The decline of structuralism was evident by 2015 with
Sorbonne having lost its former spirit.
1764:, however, argues that historical linguistics had its golden age during the time of Schleicher and his supporters, enjoying a place among the hard sciences, and considers the return of Darwinian linguistics as a positive development.
1335:
This gave rise to the dominance of structural linguistics in Europe. There had long been a dispute between the
Darwinists and the French intellectuals with the topic of language evolution famously having been banned by the
1625:
The bad reputation of social
Darwinism and memetics has been discussed in the literature, and recommendations for new terminology have been given. What correspond to replicators or mind-viruses in memetics are called
1736:
is 'the grammar gene' or that it had much to do with the relatively recent emergence of syntactical speech. There is no evidence that people have a language instinct. Memetics is widely discredited as
2488:
Richards, Robert J. (2002). "The linguistic creation of man: Charles Darwin, August
Schleicher, Ernst Haeckel, and themissing link in 19th century evolutionary theory". In Doerres, M. (ed.).
1354:, published posthumously in 1916. The structuralists rose to academic political power in human and social sciences in the aftermath of the student revolts of Spring 1968, establishing
3584:
2642:
1212:
grammatical structure underlying all human languages. Others suggest language is not crystallized, but fluid and ever-changing. Others, yet, liken languages to living
3669:
1486:) to confront both Chomsky and the humanists. The replicator approach is today dominant in evolutionary linguistics, applied linguistics, cognitive linguistics and
1196:
For lack of a breakthrough in the field, there have been numerous debates about what kind of natural phenomenon language might be. Some researchers focus on the
783:
3181:
Frank, Roslyn M. (2008). "The
Language–organism–species analogy: a complex adaptive systems approach to shifting perspectives on "language"". In Frank (ed.).
1677:, Schleicher argued that different types of languages are like plants, animals and crystals. The idea of linguistic structures as frozen drops was revived in
5529:
1622:
and adaptation of linguistic units. Adaptational models reject a formal systemic view of language and consider language as a population of linguistic units.
4620:
5737:
5594:
2420:
5562:
1673:
Advocates of formal evolutionary explanation in linguistics argue that linguistic structures are crystallised. Inspired by 19th century advances in
3254:
1393:
Chomsky became an influential opponent of the French intellectuals during the following decades, and his supporters successfully confronted the
5311:
1098:
1390:. An active figure in peace demonstrations in the 1950s and 1960s, Chomsky rose to academic political power following Spring 1968 at the MIT.
2830:
2181:
van Driem, George (2005). "The language organism: the Leiden theory of language evolution". In Minett, James W.; Wang, William S.-Y. (eds.).
2617:
1479:
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1316:, with different species competing for the same living space. Similar ideas became later advocated by politicians who wanted to appeal to
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531:
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4016:
3904:
3857:
3810:
3783:
3507:
3190:
3108:
3083:
3052:
3014:
2997:
Croft, William (2006). "The relevance of an evolutionary model to historical linguistics". In
Nedergaard Thomsen, Ole (ed.).
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482:
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959:
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who subsequently included the concept of struggle for living space in their agenda. Highly influential until the end of
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6810:
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3165:
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1911:
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reasoning which is a 'metaphorical' version of image-based reasoning. Language is not considered as a separate area of
1337:
1091:
820:
651:
1273:
was correct. Schleicher proposed that linguistics could be used as a testing ground for the study of the evolution of
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5493:
3597:
3353:
Piattelli-Palmarini, Massimo; Vitiello, Giuseppei (2019). "Linguistics and some aspects of its underlying dynamics".
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2906:
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2550:
2497:
2466:
2433:
2310:
2283:
2104:
2079:
2043:
2013:
6871:
6478:
6263:
6055:
5548:
5425:
1186:
553:
1681:, an approach to linguistics with the goal to uncover divine symmetries underlying all languages, as if caused by
1332:
was eventually banished from human sciences, leading to a strict separation of natural and sociocultural studies.
6473:
6453:
6166:
5911:
5619:
5614:
5587:
1749:
Evolutionary linguistics has been criticised by advocates of (humanistic) structural and functional linguistics.
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332:
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6691:
6646:
6353:
6176:
5746:
5683:
5476:
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Seuren, Pieter (2015). "Prestructuralist and structuralist approaches to syntax". In Kiss and
Alexiadou (ed.).
2244:
Schwarz-Friesel, Monika (2012). "On the status of external evidence in the theories of cognitive linguistics".
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1483:
1453:
1374:; a linguistics framework nicknamed as 'American structuralism'. It was eventually replaced by the approach of
1032:
815:
392:
337:
110:
4568:
Steklis, Horst D.; Harnad, Stevan R. (1976). Stevan R Harnad; Horst D Steklis; Jane
Beckman Lancaster (eds.).
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3950:"The adaptive advantage of symbolic theft over sensorimotor toil: Grounding language in perceptual categories"
2947:
Arbib, Michael A. (2015). "Language evolution – an emergentist perspective". In MacWhinney and O'Grady (ed.).
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Gontier, Nathalie (2012). "Selectionist approaches in evolutionary linguistics: an epistemological analysis".
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5856:
5725:
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367:
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Atkinson QD, Meade A, Venditti C, Greenhill SJ, Pagel M (2008). "Languages evolve in punctuational bursts".
6651:
6423:
6243:
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2337:
Aronoff, Mark (2017). "20 Darwinism tested by the science of language". In Bowern; Horn; Zanuttini (eds.).
1200:. It is suggested that grammar has emerged adaptationally from the human genome, bringing about a language
1170:
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312:
178:
2922:
Geeraerts, Dirk (2006). "Introduction: a rough guide to
Cognitive Linguistics". In Geeraerts, Dirk (ed.).
1650:
in cognitive and construction grammar. The reference of memetics has been largely replaced with that of a
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6463:
5698:
1798:
1465:
1058:
432:
138:
6911:
6358:
6228:
6208:
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3406:
Scharff C, Haesler S (December 2005). "An evolutionary perspective on FoxP2: strictly for the birds?".
3031:
558:
3030:
Kirby, Simon (2013). "Transitions: The Evolution of Linguistic Replicators". In Binder; Smith (eds.).
1654:. In current linguistics, this term covers a wide range of evolutionary notions while maintaining the
1518:, these traditions correspond to species in biology. Relationships between research traditions can be
6778:
6749:
6636:
6550:
6458:
6433:
6258:
6223:
5999:
5404:
5379:
4257:
3270:"August Schleicher and the Linguistics/ Philology Dichotomy: A Chapter in the History of Linguistics"
3206:
Beckner, Blythe, Bybee, Christiansen, Croft, Ellis, Holland, Ke, Larsen-Freeman, Schoenemann (2009).
2456:
1618:. Also deriving from memetics and other cultural replicator theories, these can study the natural or
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148:
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Bybee, Joan L.; Beckner, Clay (2015). "Usage-Based theory". In Heine, Bernd; Narrog, Heiko (eds.).
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Croft, William (1993). "Functional-typological theory in its historical and intellectual context".
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909:
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799:
788:
327:
270:
85:
4421:"Differentiation between agents and patients in the putative two-word stage of language evolution"
3852:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford.: Oxford University Press. pp. 257–280.
3805:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford.: Oxford University Press. pp. 135–149.
3502:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford.: Oxford University Press. pp. 135–149.
2838:
1482:(with capitalised initials), and 'functional' (adaptational) linguistics (not to be confused with
6835:
6676:
6542:
6368:
6348:
6338:
6153:
6133:
6004:
5992:
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3899:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford.: Oxford University Press. pp. 62–92.
3850:
Sexual Selection Models for the Emergence of Symbolic Communication: Why They Should be Reversed
2859:
Lakoff, George (1990). "Iinvariance hypothesis: is abstract reasoning based on image-schemas?".
6793:
6788:
6763:
6711:
6706:
6546:
6538:
6529:
6524:
6493:
6385:
6171:
6108:
5861:
5780:
5524:
5471:
5120:
4004:
3125:
2657:
1827:
1712:
1662:
1567:
1490:; while the generative approach has maintained its position in general linguistics, especially
1436:
1371:
1254:
1159:
939:
894:
716:
611:
377:
344:
297:
213:
193:
173:
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53:
48:
20:
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4545:. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 280. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
4384:"Book Review: Neanderthal Language: Demystifying the Linguistic Powers of Our Extinct Cousins"
2157:
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6585:
6560:
6288:
6268:
6118:
6038:
6011:
5942:
5710:
5399:
5349:
4466:"Overlooked evidence for semantic compositionality and signal reduction in wild chimpanzees (
3580:
3248:
1750:
1523:
1341:
1197:
1181:
have been employed to fill in gaps of knowledge. Although biology is understood to shape the
1147:
1139:
1037:
919:
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830:
743:
153:
1945:
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5921:
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5604:
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1615:
1534:. He argues that the Darwinian method is more advantageous than linguistic models based on
1474:, many biologically inclined linguists, frustrated with the lack of evidence for Chomsky's
1190:
889:
661:
546:
503:
468:
397:
307:
188:
133:
30:
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3451:"Evo-devo, deep homology and FoxP2: implications for the evolution of speech and language"
3207:
2396:
8:
6840:
6605:
6390:
6308:
5849:
5793:
5720:
5519:
4310:"From Cultural Selection to Genetic Selection: A Framework for the Evolution of Language"
1837:
1647:
1606:
It is thought that the brain links action schemes to form–meaning pairs which are called
1507:
1487:
1448:
1443:, it was losing its own clout within sociobiology. It was reported likewise in 2015 that
1383:
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969:
904:
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581:
516:
238:
168:
143:
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Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew (2007). "Language evolution: What linguists can contribute".
1570:
in the humanistic reference. Functional evolutionary linguistics considers languages as
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4869:
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4597:
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4259:
How language changed the genes: toward an explicit account of the evolution of language
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4108:
4034:
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3758:
3688:
3650:
3525:
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3431:
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3314:
3230:
3001:. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Vol. 279. John Benjamins. pp. 91–132.
2876:
2753:
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1983:
1884:
1822:
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163:
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4903:
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3513:
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3423:
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3333:
3234:
3226:
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3010:
2977:
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2927:
2902:
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2810:
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2733:
2712:
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2518:
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2462:
2429:
2405:
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2100:
2075:
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2009:
1987:
1907:
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1832:
1611:
1600:
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1301:
as words 'struggle for life'. Darwin believed that languages had evolved from animal
1298:
1270:
1257:
1174:
723:
601:
591:
586:
454:
302:
280:
223:
3762:
3552:
3435:
3392:
2757:
1711:
The formal–structural evolutionary aspect of linguistics is not to be confused with
1574:
to human mind. The formalist view regards them as crystallised or non-adaptational.
1514:
environment for research traditions struggling for the same resources. According to
6090:
6031:
5820:
5763:
5344:
5161:
5142:
5130:
5069:
5049:
5037:
4889:
4635:
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4442:
4432:
4405:
4395:
3992:
3969:
3961:
3740:
3732:
3680:
3640:
3470:
3462:
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3372:
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Croft, William (2015). "Functional approaches to grammar". In Wright, James (ed.).
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2253:
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1941:
1874:
1866:
1619:
1470:
1329:
1283:
1189:, there is no clear link between biology and specific human language structures or
758:
402:
233:
228:
203:
198:
183:
5962:
4639:
2257:
6925:
6830:
6721:
6686:
6595:
6483:
6377:
6333:
6313:
6186:
5902:
5881:
5636:
5339:
5334:
5279:
4224:
3996:
2515:
Was Hitler a Darwinian?: Disputed Questions in the History of Evolutionary Theory
1870:
1674:
1458:
1379:
1294:
1249:
Although pre-Darwinian theorists had compared languages to living organisms as a
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563:
4569:
3044:
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Polichak, James W. (2002). "Memes as pseudoscience". In Shermer, Michael (ed.).
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and botanic forms. Generative grammar considers syntactic structures similar to
1468:. Following the publication of memetics in Dawkins's 1976 nonfiction bestseller
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6213:
5906:
5798:
5673:
5409:
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4837:
Knight, Chris (2010). Ulrich J Frey; Charlotte Störmer; Kai P Willführ (eds.).
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4971:
4437:
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2671:
2183:
Language Acquisition, Change and Emergence: Essays in Evolutionary Linguistics
1165:
A main challenge in this research is the lack of empirical data: there are no
511:
6947:
6825:
6768:
6758:
6318:
6138:
6098:
6094:
6085:
5928:
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5886:
5876:
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5705:
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5183:
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5028:
5006:
4981:
The singing Neanderthals : the origins of music, language, mind and body
4917:
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4758:(Revised, updated, and expanded ed.). New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
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Diller, Karl C.; Cann, Rebecca L. (2009). Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.).
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Diller, Karl C.; Cann, Rebecca L. (2009). Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.).
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1655:
1555:
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1345:
1317:
1309:
1287:
journal in 1870. Darwin reiterated Schleicher's proposition in his 1871 book
1269:. At the time there was not enough evidence to prove that Darwin's theory of
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944:
616:
5257:
5213:
5099:
4998:
4895:
Language and Mathematics: An evolutionary model of grammatical communication
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Chomsky eventually claimed that syntactic structures are caused by a random
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5454:
5354:
5061:
4647:
4589:
4571:
From hand to mouth : some critical stages in the evolution of language
4560:
4503:
4456:
3754:
3484:
3466:
3427:
3006:
2198:"How did language evolve? Some reflections on the language parasite debate"
1761:
1693:
1634:(TUS), and likewise linguemes or constructions in construction grammar and
1596:
1543:
1399:
1375:
1325:
1127:
1119:
964:
949:
733:
728:
646:
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Competition in Language Change: the Rise of the English Dative Alternation
1305:. Darwinists considered the concept of language creation as unscientific.
6754:
6666:
6610:
6448:
6233:
5932:
5751:
5389:
5285:
Language Evolution and Computation Research Unit, University of Edinburgh
4621:"The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?"
3376:
1765:
1302:
1166:
1154:
and development of language. Evolutionary linguistics is contrasted with
974:
691:
641:
442:
417:
38:
3974:
3803:
Evidence Against a Genetic-Based Revolution in Language 50,000 Years Ago
3500:
Evidence Against a Genetic-Based Revolution in Language 50,000 Years Ago
2837:. ICLA - International Cognitive Linguistics Association. Archived from
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4332:. Fondo Hispánico de LingĂĽĂstica y FilologĂa. Bern et al.: Peter Lang.
2734:"Chimpanzee and human cultures (with a comment from James D. Paterson)"
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The symbolic species : the co-evolution of language and the brain
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Lieberman, Philip (2003). Morten H. Christiansen; Simon Kirby (eds.).
4128:
Hurford, James R. (2003). Morten H. Christiansen; Simon Kirby (eds.).
4083:
Symbol and Structure: A Comprehensive Framework for Language Evolution
3897:
Red Ochre, Body Painting, and Language: Interpreting the Blombos Ochre
3745:
1603:. It is argued to function according to the same principles as these.
6363:
5247:
4256:
Dor, Daniel; Jablonka, Eva (2001). JĂĽrgen Trabant; Sean Ward (eds.).
4081:
Bickerton, Derek (2003). Morten H. Christiansen; Simon Kirby (eds.).
3346:
2387:
1768:
nonetheless deems the revival of Darwinism as a hopeless enterprise:
1701:
1678:
1592:
1584:
1519:
1007:
621:
541:
387:
382:
218:
208:
100:
90:
4892:(2006). Leonid Grinin; Victor C. de Munck; Andrey Korotayev (eds.).
3092:
2371:
1415:, proposing a similar explanation for other human faculties such as
1312:
were keen gardeners and regarded the study of cultures as a type of
6932:
6920:
6815:
6575:
6280:
5364:
5253:
ARTI Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
3367:
3158:
Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Vol. 1: Theoretical prerequisites
2749:
2340:
On Looking into Words (and Beyond): Structures, Relations, Analyses
1778:
1705:
1639:
1461:
1440:
1408:
1387:
1250:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1155:
1123:
997:
596:
2807:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
2300:
1208:
to appear in the human brain. This is hypothesized to result in a
6716:
5486:
4725:
Foundations of language : brain, meaning, grammar, evolution
1535:
1511:
1274:
1209:
5284:
2458:
Darwinism Tested by the Science of Language, English translation
1587:, but as coinciding with general cognitive capacities, such as
1232:
for any of these claims, and some of them have been labelled as
5262:
4179:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 252–271.
1792:
1661:
Functional evolutionary linguistics is not to be confused with
1530:. An adaptation of Hull's theory in linguistics is proposed by
1491:
1416:
1412:
1313:
1126:. Evolutionary linguists consider linguistics as a subfield of
1053:
105:
3722:
2779:
1723:
There was some hope of a breakthrough at the discovery of the
1478:, grouped under different brands including a framework called
1293:, claiming that languages are comparable to species, and that
5374:
4132:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–57.
4085:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 77–93.
3949:
2780:
Darnell; Moravcsik; Noonan; Newmeyer; Wheatley, eds. (1999).
2490:
The Experimenting in Tongues: Studies in Science and Language
1817:
1725:
1204:; or that it depends on a single mutation which has caused a
1182:
5011:
The computational nature of language learning and evolution
3352:
2999:
Competing Models of Linguistic Change: Evolution and Beyond
1999:
1997:
1932:
Croft, William (October 2008). "Evolutionary Linguistics".
1729:
1370:, structuralism was however fended off by the advocates of
5267:
4009:
Language has evolved to depend on multiple-cue integration
3848:
Power, Camilla (2009). Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.).
3098:
2709:
A History of Applied Linguistics: From 1980 to the Present
2088:
2065:
2063:
2061:
1253:, the comparison was first taken literally in 1863 by the
5252:
2725:
1506:
Evolutionary linguistics is part of a wider framework of
1423:
argued in 1990 that they are the outcome of evolutionary
1361:
4223:
3039:. The Frontiers Collection. Springer. pp. 121–138.
2559:
1994:
1704:. It is hypothesised that such patterns are caused by a
1358:
as an international centrepoint of humanistic thinking.
3774:. Oxford Series in the Evolution of Language. Oxford.:
3208:"Language is a Complex Adaptive System: Position Paper"
3099:
Camarinha-Matos, Luis M.; Afsarmanesh, Hamideh (2008).
2892:
2890:
2239:
2237:
2097:
The Language Organ: Linguistics as Cognitive Psychology
2058:
1895:
1732:. There is little support, however, for the idea that
1610:. Cognitive linguistic approaches to syntax are called
5040:(2001). "Towards an evolutionary theory of language".
4811:
The First Word: The Search for the Origins of Language
3895:
Watts, Ian (2009). Rudolf Botha; Chris Knight (eds.).
3330:
Syntax--theory and analysis: An international handbook
2372:"Darwinism tested by the science of language (review)"
2141:
6909:
5530:
Category:Individual apes involved in language studies
5196:
Grounding symbols through evolutionary language games
4265:. Berlin; N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 149–175.
2004:
Gibson, Kathleen R.; Tallerman, Maggie, eds. (2011).
4749:
4177:
Motor Control, Speech, and the Evolution of Language
3133:
The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic analysis (2nd ed.)
2887:
2422:
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
2234:
2032:
The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language
1788:
1753:
commented on 19th century evolutionary linguistics:
4783:
Origins of language : constraints on hypothese
4541:; Steklis, Horst D.; Lancaster, Jane, eds. (1976).
1658:concepts of replication and replicator population.
1430:
5194:(2002). Angelo Cangelosi; Domenico Parisi (eds.).
4751:
4618:
3982:
2974:On Language Change: the Invisible Hand in Language
2782:Functionalism and Formalism in Linguistics, Vol. 1
2593:"Interdisciplinary research: trend or transition?"
2095:Anderson, Stephen R.; Lightfoot, David W. (2003).
1859:International Studies in the Philosophy of Science
5160:
4952:The Power of Babel: A Natural History of Language
4053:
2634:
2609:
2276:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, Vol. 1
2094:
6945:
4846:. Berlin; New York: Springer. pp. 193–211.
4007:(2013). Rudolf P Botha; Martin Everaert (eds.).
2732:Boesch, Christoophe; Tomasello, Michael (1998).
2269:
2267:
2125:The Minimalist Program. 20th Anniversary Edition
1577:
1435:At the same time when the Chomskyan paradigm of
5273:Language Evolution and Computation Bibliography
4785:. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub.
4054:Christiansen, Morten H.; Kirby, Simon. (2003).
3943:
3769:
2775:
2773:
2731:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2243:
2003:
1554:Evolutionary linguistics is often divided into
5005:
3405:
3149:
3067:
2915:
2565:
2428:. Princeton University Press. pp. 59–61.
2118:
2116:
2069:
1901:
1279:Darwinism as Tested by the Science of Language
1244:
5556:
5305:
5035:
4727:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
4700:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
4673:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
4671:The genesis of grammar : a reconstructio
4567:
4058:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
3135:. Oxford University Press. pp. 791–816.
3123:
2536:
2534:
2506:
2492:. Stanford University Press. pp. 21–48.
2481:
2264:
2174:
2152:. Oxford University Press. pp. 953–980.
1696:is argued to be like natural systems such as
1562:, concepts which are not to be confused with
1092:
476:
4543:Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech
4003:
3661:
3620:
3544:
3448:
3442:
3399:
3261:
3253:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3199:
3124:Fillmore, Charles J.; Baker, Collin (2014).
2770:
2615:
2545:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2325:
2147:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1927:
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1923:
1668:
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5106:
4668:
4307:
4255:
3579:
3491:
2965:
2852:
2640:
2616:Hazareesingh, Sudhir (September 19, 2015).
2584:
2448:
2412:
2363:
2292:
2113:
1850:
1382:formal structuralist theory, claiming that
1348:to replace evolutionary linguistics in his
1134:. The approach is also closely linked with
5563:
5549:
5312:
5298:
4750:Johanson, Donald C.; Edgar, Blake (2006).
4722:
4574:. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
3800:
3497:
3321:
3174:
3160:. Stanford University Press. p. 130.
3101:Collaborative Networks: Reference Modeling
3023:
2990:
2940:
2896:
2798:
2700:
2531:
2454:
2150:The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis
2070:Berwick, Robert C.; Chomsky, Noam (2015).
2022:
1510:. In this view, linguistics is seen as an
1451:and in the process of being replaced with
1216:. Languages are considered analogous to a
1099:
1085:
483:
469:
5124:
4944:
4807:
4780:
4493:
4446:
4436:
4409:
4399:
4330:EvoluciĂłn lingĂĽĂstica y cambio sintáctico
4174:
4080:
3973:
3744:
3644:
3474:
3366:
3294:
3285:
3155:
3073:
2921:
2661:
2395:
2189:
2180:
2006:The Oxford Handbook of Language Evolution
1952:
1920:
1878:
1464:. It is a concept of linguistic units as
16:Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
6727:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
5319:
5248:Agent-Based Models of Language Evolution
5109:"Natural language and natural selection"
4888:
3455:Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci
3301:Pike, Kenneth Lee (1960). "Nucleation".
3126:"A frames Approach to Semantic Analysis"
2643:"Natural language and natural selection"
2618:"The decline of the French intellectual"
2512:
2487:
2273:
1902:McMahon, April; McMahon, Robert (2012).
1146:. Studying languages as the products of
5013:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
4695:
4619:Hauser MD, Chomsky N, Fitch WT (2002).
4515:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
4127:
4011:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3667:
3626:
3550:
3267:
2336:
2158:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199544004.013.0032
2122:
1968:STUF - Language Typology and Universals
1946:10.1146/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085156
1856:
6946:
5076:
4978:
4836:
4510:
4463:
4418:
4381:
4327:
3327:
2971:
2858:
2706:
2590:
2418:
2369:
2298:
2028:
1501:
1362:From 1959 onwards: genetic determinism
6219:Psychological effects of Internet use
5544:
5293:
4354:
4130:The Language Mosaic and Its Evolution
3894:
3847:
3180:
3029:
2996:
2946:
2924:Cognitive Linguistics: Basic Readings
2804:
2540:
1965:
1931:
1150:, it is interested in the biological
5263:Computerized comparative linguistics
4669:Heine, Bernd; Kuteva, Tania (2007).
3300:
2897:Croft, William; Cruse, Alan (2004).
2784:. John Benjamins. pp. 664–667.
2641:Pinker, Steven; Bloom, Paul (2011).
2195:
373:Conservative and innovative language
6199:Digital media use and mental health
5166:Evolutionary language understanding
4308:Dor, Daniel; Jablonka, Eva (2000).
3770:Botha, R; Knight, C., eds. (2009).
2072:Why Only Us: Language and Evolution
1813:Evolutionary psychology of language
13:
5830:Automatic and controlled processes
3716:
3633:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Sprachwissenschaft
3315:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1960.tb01762.x
3183:Sociocultural Situatedness, Vol. 2
1171:Computational biological modelling
14:
6970:
6239:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
5258:Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory
5241:
3629:"Functionalism yes, biologism no"
1663:functional humanistic linguistics
1308:August Schleicher and his friend
6931:
6919:
6890:
6877:
6865:
6864:
6264:Mobile phones and driving safety
3592:. New York: Philosophy Library.
3449:Scharff C, Petri J (July 2011).
3332:. De Gruyter. pp. 134–157.
3227:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00533.x
3185:. De Gruyter. pp. 215–262.
2343:. SUNY Press. pp. 443–456.
2302:Darwin and the Nature of Species
1791:
1431:From 1976 onwards: Neo-Darwinism
1378:who published a modification of
1277:. A review of Schleicher's book
1169:traces of early human language.
1066:
1065:
1052:
510:
453:
6167:Computer-mediated communication
4983:. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson.
4840:The origins of symbolic culture
3573:
3553:"There is no language instinct"
3131:. In Heine & Narrog (ed.).
3117:
2823:
2591:Rhoten, Diana (July 19, 2016).
2517:. University of Chicago Press.
1281:appeared in the first issue of
1059:Evolutionary biology portal
6444:Empathising–systemising theory
5747:female intrasexual competition
5684:Evolutionarily stable strategy
5198:. London; New York: Springer.
5107:Pinker, S.; Bloom, P. (1990).
5084:. New York: W. Morrow and Co.
4513:The evolution of communication
3287:10.1080/00437956.1970.11435578
3103:. Springer. pp. 139–164.
2949:Handbook of Language Emergence
2901:. Cambridge University Press.
2397:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-5EFD-E
2278:. ABC Clio. pp. 664–667.
2099:. Cambridge University Press.
1906:. Cambridge University Press.
1018:Creation–evolution controversy
772:History of evolutionary theory
1:
6804:Standard social science model
5857:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
5168:. London; New York: Cassell.
5113:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
5054:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01683-1
4808:Kenneally, Christine (2007).
4640:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569
3586:Course in general linguistics
2831:"About Cognitive Linguistics"
2650:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
2570:. Columbia University Press.
2258:10.1016/j.langsci.2012.04.007
1934:Annual Review of Anthropology
1844:
1632:theory of Utterance Selection
1578:Functionalism (adaptationism)
1549:
1351:Course in General Linguistics
6652:Missing heritability problem
6244:Social aspects of television
5867:Evolution of nervous systems
5835:Computational theory of mind
5042:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
3997:10.1016/j.lingua.2005.07.004
2455:Schleicher, August (1869) .
1871:10.1080/02698595.2012.653114
1744:
1003:Evolution as fact and theory
313:Functional discourse grammar
179:Ethnography of communication
7:
6898:Evolutionary biology portal
4781:Johansson, Sverker (2005).
4355:Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2010).
3045:10.1007/978-3-642-36086-2_6
2008:. Oxford University Press.
1799:Evolutionary biology portal
1784:
1718:
1245:1863–1945: social Darwinism
433:Second-language acquisition
10:
6975:
6859:Evolutionary psychologists
6732:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
6647:Human–animal communication
6359:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
6209:Imprinted brain hypothesis
6177:Human–computer interaction
5385:Human–animal communication
5268:Fluid Construction Grammar
4979:Mithen, Steven J. (2005).
4696:Hurford, James R. (2007).
4486:10.1007/s10071-021-01584-3
3954:Evolution of Communication
3685:10.55245/energeia.2011.001
3646:10.1515/zfsw.1999.18.2.219
3551:Sampson, Geoffrey (2007).
3420:10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.004
3156:Langacker, Roland (1987).
2951:. Wiley. pp. 81–109.
2305:. SUNY Press. p. 55.
2214:10.1007/s13752-019-00321-x
1980:10.1524/stuf.1993.46.14.15
1239:
1198:innate aspects of language
1038:Nature-nurture controversy
111:Syntax–semantics interface
18:
6853:
6779:Environmental determinism
6750:Cultural selection theory
6742:
6637:Evolutionary epistemology
6624:
6551:evolutionary neuroscience
6513:
6506:
6404:
6279:
6224:Rank theory of depression
6147:
6071:
5973:
5779:
5772:
5726:Parent–offspring conflict
5635:
5578:
5512:
5418:
5405:Self-anointing in animals
5380:FOXP2 and human evolution
5327:
5135:10.1017/S0140525X00081061
4438:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684022
4401:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702361
4357:The Evolution of Language
4233:. New York: W.W. Norton.
2672:10.1017/S0140525X00081061
2543:Chomsky: Ideas and Ideals
2419:Darwin, Charles (1981) .
2299:Stamos, David N. (2006).
1777:languages, but not their
1669:Formalism (structuralism)
1496:computational linguistics
1320:voters, not least by the
1228:. There is so far little
1136:evolutionary anthropology
1122:approach to the study of
925:Evolutionary neuroscience
900:Evolutionary epistemology
880:Evolutionary anthropology
860:Applications of evolution
423:Philosophy of linguistics
323:Interactional linguistics
6672:Cultural group selection
6556:Biocultural anthropology
6249:Societal impacts of cars
6182:Media naturalness theory
5872:Fight-or-flight response
5370:Evolutionary linguistics
4956:. New York: Henry Holt.
4814:. New York, NY: Viking.
4723:Jackendoff, Ray (2002).
4511:Hauser, Marc D. (1996).
4359:. Cambridge: Cambridge.
4225:Deacon, Terrence William
2873:10.1515/cogl.1990.1.1.39
2835:cognitivelinguistics.org
2513:Richards, R. J. (2013).
1904:Evolutionary Linguistics
1338:Paris Linguistic Society
1266:On the Origin of Species
1112:Evolutionary linguistics
915:Evolutionary linguistics
910:Evolutionary game theory
885:Evolutionary computation
19:Not to be confused with
6872:Evolutionary psychology
6836:Sociocultural evolution
6677:Dual inheritance theory
6134:Personality development
5595:Theoretical foundations
5572:Evolutionary psychology
4425:Frontiers in Psychology
4388:Frontiers in Psychology
4328:Elvira, Javier (2009).
4005:Christiansen, Morten H.
3776:Oxford University Press
3737:10.1126/science.1149683
3074:Zehentner, Eva (2019).
3033:The Language Phenomenon
2029:Pinker, Steven (1994).
1652:Complex Adaptive System
1636:usage-based linguistics
1540:structuralist sociology
1454:usage-based linguistics
1158:approaches, especially
1132:evolutionary psychology
1028:Objections to evolution
935:Evolutionary psychology
930:Evolutionary physiology
875:Evolutionary aesthetics
854:Fields and applications
836:History of paleontology
6794:Social constructionism
6789:Psychological nativism
6764:Biological determinism
6712:Recent human evolution
6707:Punctuated equilibrium
6530:Behavioral epigenetics
6525:evolutionary economics
6494:Variability hypothesis
6439:Emotional intelligence
6172:Engineering psychology
5862:Evolution of the brain
5525:Category:Talking birds
4698:The origins of meaning
3772:The Cradle of Language
3581:de Saussure, Ferdinand
3467:10.1098/rstb.2011.0001
3268:Arbukle, John (1970).
3007:10.1075/cilt.279.08cro
2461:. John Camden Hotten.
2196:Hung, Tzu-wei (2019).
2123:Chomsky, Noam (2015).
1828:Historical linguistics
1774:
1759:
1713:structural linguistics
1698:ferromagnetic droplets
1484:functional linguistics
1437:biological determinism
1372:behavioural psychology
1160:structural linguistics
960:Speciation experiments
940:Experimental evolution
895:Evolutionary economics
717:Recent human evolution
575:Processes and outcomes
260:Theoretical frameworks
214:Philosophy of language
194:History of linguistics
21:Historical linguistics
6954:Evolution of language
6821:Multilineal evolution
6784:Nature versus nurture
6743:Theoretical positions
6591:Functional psychology
6586:Evolutionary medicine
6561:Biological psychiatry
6269:Texting while driving
6259:Lead–crime hypothesis
6119:Cognitive development
6104:Caregiver deprivation
5615:Gene selection theory
5400:Seismic communication
5350:Anecdotal cognitivism
5082:The language instinct
4754:From Lucy to Language
3966:10.1075/eoc.4.1.07can
3670:"On Coseriu's legacy"
3668:Itkonen, Esa (2011).
3627:Itkonen, Esa (1999).
3408:Curr. Opin. Neurobiol
3078:. De Gruyter Mouton.
2972:Keller, Rudi (1994).
2899:Cognitive Linguistics
2861:Cognitive Linguistics
2707:de Bot, Kees (2015).
1770:
1755:
1751:Ferdinand de Saussure
1480:Cognitive Linguistics
1342:Ferdinand de Saussure
1340:as early as in 1866.
1191:linguistic universals
1140:cognitive linguistics
1116:Darwinian linguistics
920:Evolutionary medicine
865:Biosocial criminology
831:History of speciation
744:Evolutionary taxonomy
707:Timeline of evolution
154:Conversation analysis
6774:Cultural determinism
6581:Evolutionary biology
6566:Cognitive psychology
6514:Academic disciplines
6162:Cognitive ergonomics
6129:Language acquisition
6109:Childhood attachment
5922:Wason selection task
5816:Behavioral modernity
5605:Cognitive revolution
5588:Evolutionary thought
5360:Deception in animals
5321:Animal communication
4890:Komarova, Natalia L.
3377:10.5964/bioling.9033
2738:Current Anthropology
2541:Smith, Neil (2002).
2370:MĂĽller, Max (1870).
1616:construction grammar
1384:syntactic structures
1260:who was inspired by
1179:artificial languages
890:Evolutionary ecology
504:Evolutionary biology
398:Internet linguistics
308:Construction grammar
6841:Unilineal evolution
6606:Population genetics
6391:Sexy son hypothesis
6329:Hormonal motivation
6309:Concealed ovulation
5850:Dual process theory
5721:Parental investment
4898:. : URSS. pp.
2185:. pp. 331–340.
1838:Universal Darwinism
1508:Universal Darwinism
1502:View of linguistics
1488:linguistic typology
1449:applied linguistics
1395:post-structuralists
1322:national socialists
1255:historical linguist
1230:scientific evidence
992:Social implications
980:Universal Darwinism
970:Island biogeography
905:Evolutionary ethics
870:Ecological genetics
816:Molecular evolution
754:Transitional fossil
582:Population genetics
498:Part of a series on
333:Systemic functional
128:Applied linguistics
70:General linguistics
6799:Social determinism
6682:Fisher's principle
6642:Great ape language
6632:Cultural evolution
6601:Philosophy of mind
6434:Division of labour
6396:Westermarck effect
6344:Mating preferences
6254:Distracted driving
5988:Literary criticism
5845:Domain specificity
5825:modularity of mind
5482:Great ape language
5431:Whale vocalization
5395:Origin of language
5278:2014-04-21 at the
4056:Language evolution
1823:Origin of language
1599:, and spatial and
1457:; a derivative of
1447:was under fire in
1445:generative grammar
1290:The Descent of Man
1187:processes language
1023:Theistic evolution
955:Selective breeding
667:Parallel evolution
632:Adaptive radiation
438:Theory of language
408:Origin of language
363:Autonomy of syntax
318:Grammaticalization
164:Discourse analysis
159:Corpus linguistics
6907:
6906:
6885:Psychology portal
6849:
6848:
6692:Hologenome theory
6662:Unit of selection
6657:Primate cognition
6571:Cognitive science
6502:
6501:
6373:Sexual attraction
6349:Mating strategies
6114:Cinderella effect
6044:Moral foundations
5948:Visual perception
5840:Domain generality
5809:Facial expression
5757:Sexual dimorphism
5716:Natural selection
5662:Hamiltonian spite
5538:
5537:
5205:978-1-85233-428-4
5175:978-0-304-33650-0
5162:Sampson, Geoffrey
5091:978-0-688-12141-9
5020:978-0-262-14094-2
4990:978-0-297-64317-3
4909:978-5-484-01001-1
4853:978-3-642-12141-8
4821:978-0-670-03490-1
4792:978-90-272-3891-7
4765:978-0-7432-8064-8
4734:978-0-19-827012-6
4707:978-0-19-920785-5
4680:978-0-19-922777-8
4634:(5598): 1569–79.
4581:978-0-89072-026-4
4552:978-0-89072-026-4
4539:Harnad, Stevan R.
4522:978-0-262-08250-1
4464:Gabrić P (2022).
4419:Gabrić P (2021).
4382:Gabrić P (2021).
4366:978-0-521-67736-3
4339:978-3-0343-0323-1
4272:978-3-11-017025-2
4240:978-0-393-03838-5
4186:978-0-19-924484-3
4139:978-0-19-924484-3
4092:978-0-19-924484-3
4065:978-0-19-924484-3
4018:978-0-19-965484-0
3906:978-0-19-954586-5
3859:978-0-19-954586-5
3812:978-0-19-954586-5
3785:978-0-19-954586-5
3509:978-0-19-954586-5
3461:(1574): 2124–40.
3215:Language Learning
3192:978-3-11-019911-6
3110:978-0-387-79426-6
3085:978-3-11-063385-6
3054:978-3-642-36085-5
3016:978-90-272-4794-0
2933:978-3-11-019990-1
2597:Language Sciences
2524:978-0-226-05893-1
2350:978-3-946234-92-0
2246:Language Sciences
2202:Biological Theory
2134:978-0-262-52734-7
2038:. Penguin Books.
1833:Phylogenetic tree
1601:visual processing
1476:Universal Grammar
1459:Richard Dawkins's
1380:Louis Hjelmslev's
1299:natural selection
1271:natural selection
1258:August Schleicher
1175:clinical research
1109:
1108:
800:Origin of Species
602:Natural selection
493:
492:
281:Distributionalism
224:Psycholinguistics
6966:
6936:
6935:
6924:
6923:
6915:
6894:
6881:
6868:
6867:
6511:
6510:
6507:Related subjects
6294:Adult attachment
5821:Cognitive module
5777:
5776:
5764:Social selection
5738:Costly signaling
5733:Sexual selection
5620:Modern synthesis
5565:
5558:
5551:
5542:
5541:
5345:Animal cognition
5314:
5307:
5300:
5291:
5290:
5237:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5217:
5187:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5145:. Archived from
5128:
5103:
5073:
5032:
5002:
4975:
4941:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4921:
4885:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4865:
4845:
4833:
4804:
4777:
4757:
4746:
4719:
4692:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4650:. Archived from
4625:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4593:
4564:
4534:
4507:
4497:
4474:Animal Cognition
4460:
4450:
4440:
4431:684022: 684022.
4415:
4413:
4403:
4394:702361: 702361.
4378:
4351:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4314:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4264:
4252:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4198:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4124:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4104:
4077:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4030:
4000:
3979:
3977:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3918:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3871:
3844:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3824:
3797:
3766:
3748:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3695:. Archived from
3674:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3602:. Archived from
3591:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3560:Ilha do Desterro
3557:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3370:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3130:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3038:
3027:
3021:
3020:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2682:. Archived from
2665:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2568:Chomsky Notebook
2563:
2557:
2556:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2388:10.1038/001256a0
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2334:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1929:
1918:
1917:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1854:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1620:social selection
1471:The Selfish Gene
1330:social Darwinism
1262:Charles Darwin's
1101:
1094:
1087:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1033:Level of support
826:Current research
811:Modern synthesis
806:Before synthesis
759:Extinction event
517:Darwin's finches
514:
495:
494:
485:
478:
471:
457:
403:LGBT linguistics
393:Internationalism
368:Compositionality
229:Sociolinguistics
204:Neurolinguistics
199:Interlinguistics
184:Ethnomethodology
26:
25:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6930:
6918:
6910:
6908:
6903:
6845:
6831:Neoevolutionism
6738:
6722:Species complex
6687:Group selection
6625:Research topics
6620:
6596:Neuropsychology
6498:
6484:Substance abuse
6406:Sex differences
6400:
6314:Coolidge effect
6275:
6187:Neuroergonomics
6152:
6143:
6067:
5969:
5903:Folk psychology
5784:
5768:
5638:
5631:
5574:
5569:
5539:
5534:
5508:
5426:Aquatic animals
5419:Animal-specific
5414:
5410:Talking animals
5340:Animal language
5335:Animal training
5323:
5318:
5280:Wayback Machine
5244:
5229:
5228:
5219:
5218:
5206:
5176:
5152:
5150:
5126:10.1.1.116.4044
5092:
5021:
4991:
4964:
4946:McWhorter, John
4933:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4910:
4877:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4843:
4822:
4793:
4766:
4735:
4708:
4681:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4623:
4605:
4604:
4595:
4594:
4582:
4553:
4523:
4468:Pan troglodytes
4367:
4340:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4296:
4295:
4286:
4285:
4273:
4262:
4241:
4210:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4187:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4116:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4093:
4066:
4042:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4019:
3944:Cangelosi, A.;
3930:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3883:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3836:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3786:
3719:
3717:Further reading
3714:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3672:
3666:
3662:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3589:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3533:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3496:
3492:
3447:
3443:
3404:
3400:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3326:
3322:
3299:
3295:
3266:
3262:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3072:
3068:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3017:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2895:
2888:
2857:
2853:
2844:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2663:10.1.1.116.4044
2645:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2486:
2482:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2265:
2242:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2002:
1995:
1964:
1953:
1930:
1921:
1914:
1900:
1896:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1747:
1721:
1675:crystallography
1671:
1580:
1552:
1504:
1433:
1364:
1297:occurs through
1295:language change
1247:
1242:
1120:sociobiological
1105:
1064:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
993:
985:
984:
855:
847:
846:
845:
773:
765:
764:
763:
712:Human evolution
702:History of life
686:
685:Natural history
678:
677:
676:
576:
568:
523:
489:
448:
447:
358:
350:
349:
261:
253:
252:
248:Writing systems
139:Anthropological
129:
121:
120:
71:
63:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6972:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6941:
6940:
6928:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6888:
6875:
6862:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6536:
6527:
6517:
6515:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6410:
6408:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6375:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6214:Mind-blindness
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6158:
6156:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6088:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5909:
5907:theory of mind
5900:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5790:
5788:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5674:Baldwin effect
5671:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5545:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5317:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5243:
5242:External links
5240:
5239:
5238:
5204:
5188:
5174:
5158:
5119:(4): 707–784.
5104:
5090:
5078:Pinker, Steven
5074:
5048:(7): 288–295.
5038:Komarova, N.L.
5033:
5019:
5007:Niyogi, Partha
5003:
4989:
4976:
4962:
4942:
4908:
4886:
4852:
4834:
4820:
4805:
4791:
4778:
4764:
4747:
4733:
4720:
4706:
4693:
4679:
4666:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4580:
4551:
4535:
4521:
4508:
4480:(3): 631–643.
4461:
4416:
4379:
4365:
4352:
4338:
4325:
4305:
4271:
4253:
4239:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4185:
4172:
4138:
4125:
4091:
4064:
4051:
4017:
4001:
3991:(3): 503–509.
3980:
3960:(1): 117–142.
3941:
3940:
3939:
3905:
3892:
3858:
3845:
3811:
3784:
3767:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3660:
3639:(2): 219–221.
3619:
3598:
3572:
3543:
3508:
3490:
3441:
3414:(6): 694–703.
3398:
3355:Biolinguistics
3345:
3338:
3320:
3309:(7): 291–295.
3293:
3260:
3198:
3191:
3173:
3167:978-0804738514
3166:
3148:
3142:978-0199677078
3141:
3116:
3109:
3091:
3084:
3066:
3053:
3022:
3015:
2989:
2982:
2964:
2957:
2939:
2932:
2926:. De Gruyter.
2914:
2907:
2886:
2851:
2822:
2815:
2797:
2790:
2769:
2750:10.1086/204785
2744:(5): 591–614.
2724:
2717:
2699:
2656:(4): 707–727.
2633:
2608:
2583:
2576:
2558:
2551:
2530:
2523:
2505:
2498:
2480:
2467:
2447:
2434:
2411:
2362:
2349:
2324:
2311:
2291:
2284:
2263:
2252:(6): 656–664.
2233:
2208:(4): 214–223.
2188:
2173:
2167:978-0199544004
2166:
2140:
2133:
2112:
2105:
2087:
2080:
2057:
2044:
2021:
2014:
1993:
1974:(1–4): 15–26.
1951:
1919:
1913:978-0521891394
1912:
1894:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:Biolinguistics
1804:
1803:
1802:
1786:
1783:
1746:
1743:
1720:
1717:
1694:the X-bar tree
1690:biolinguistics
1670:
1667:
1579:
1576:
1551:
1548:
1503:
1500:
1432:
1429:
1363:
1360:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1206:language organ
1167:archaeological
1144:biolinguistics
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1062:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1013:Social effects
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
844:
843:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
796:
791:
786:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
739:Classification
736:
731:
726:
721:
720:
719:
709:
704:
699:
697:Common descent
694:
692:Origin of life
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
567:
566:
561:
556:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
528:
525:
524:
515:
507:
506:
500:
499:
491:
490:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
462:
461:
450:
449:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
428:Prescriptivism
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
295:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
245:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
69:
68:
65:
64:
62:
61:
56:
51:
45:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6971:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6900:
6899:
6893:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6880:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:Neo-Darwinism
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6811:Functionalism
6809:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6769:Connectionism
6767:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6759:indeterminism
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6479:Schizophrenia
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6464:Mental health
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:Mate guarding
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6299:Age disparity
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6229:Schizophrenia
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6154:Mental health
6150:
6149:Human factors
6146:
6140:
6139:Socialization
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6099:paternal bond
6096:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5964:
5963:NaĂŻve physics
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:Motor control
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5887:Ophidiophobia
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5877:Arachnophobia
5875:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5804:Display rules
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Kin selection
5704:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5600:Adaptationism
5598:
5597:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5554:
5552:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5455:Talking birds
5453:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5308:
5303:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5235:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5149:on 2005-11-23
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:Nowak, M.A.;
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4927:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4871:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4657:on 2007-09-26
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4599:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4315:. Selection 1
4311:
4306:
4302:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:(5863): 588.
3730:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3702:on 2020-01-14
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:(III): 1–29.
3678:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3609:on 2020-04-14
3605:
3601:
3599:9780231157278
3595:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3339:9783110202762
3335:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3194:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2983:9780415076722
2979:
2976:. CRC Press.
2975:
2968:
2960:
2958:9781118346136
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2908:9780511803864
2904:
2900:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2841:on 2019-12-09
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2816:9780080970875
2812:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2791:9789027298799
2787:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2718:9781138820654
2714:
2711:. Routledge.
2710:
2703:
2689:on 2007-07-11
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2577:9780231144759
2573:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2552:0-521-47517-1
2548:
2544:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2501:
2499:1-57607-653-9
2495:
2491:
2484:
2470:
2468:0-691-08278-2
2464:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2437:
2435:0-691-08278-2
2431:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2312:9780791480885
2308:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2285:1-57607-653-9
2281:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2177:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2127:. MIT Press.
2126:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2106:9780521007832
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2081:9780262034241
2077:
2074:. MIT Press.
2073:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2045:9780140175295
2041:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2015:9780199541119
2011:
2007:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1738:pseudoscience
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
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1676:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1656:Neo-Darwinian
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:constructions
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:functionalism
1561:
1557:
1556:functionalism
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:William Croft
1529:
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1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:Steven Pinker
1418:
1414:
1411:in the human
1410:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
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1369:
1368:United States
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1346:structuralism
1343:
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1327:
1323:
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1318:working class
1315:
1311:
1310:Ernst Haeckel
1306:
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1234:pseudoscience
1231:
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945:Phylogenetics
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797:
795:
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789:Before Darwin
787:
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623:
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617:Genetic drift
615:
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378:Descriptivism
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345:Structuralism
343:
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328:Prague circle
326:
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174:Documentation
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149:Computational
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32:
28:
27:
22:
6959:Sociobiology
6896:
6883:
6870:
6857:
6616:Sociobiology
6474:Neuroscience
6454:Intelligence
6016:
6000:Anthropology
5953:Color vision
5938:Multitasking
5917:Flynn effect
5912:Intelligence
5894:Folk biology
5637:Evolutionary
5369:
5355:Bioacoustics
5195:
5165:
5151:. Retrieved
5147:the original
5116:
5112:
5081:
5045:
5041:
5010:
4980:
4954:
4949:
4894:
4839:
4810:
4782:
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4697:
4670:
4659:. Retrieved
4652:the original
4631:
4627:
4570:
4542:
4512:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4428:
4424:
4391:
4387:
4356:
4329:
4317:. Retrieved
4258:
4229:
4176:
4129:
4082:
4055:
4008:
3988:
3984:
3975:10026.1/3619
3957:
3953:
3896:
3849:
3802:
3771:
3728:
3724:
3704:. Retrieved
3697:the original
3676:
3663:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3611:. Retrieved
3604:the original
3585:
3575:
3564:. Retrieved
3559:
3546:
3499:
3493:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3329:
3323:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3280:(1): 17–31.
3277:
3273:
3263:
3249:cite journal
3238:. Retrieved
3218:
3214:
3201:
3182:
3176:
3157:
3151:
3132:
3119:
3100:
3094:
3075:
3069:
3058:. Retrieved
3032:
3025:
2998:
2992:
2973:
2967:
2948:
2942:
2923:
2917:
2898:
2867:(1): 39–74.
2864:
2860:
2854:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:the original
2834:
2825:
2809:. Elsevier.
2806:
2800:
2781:
2761:. Retrieved
2741:
2737:
2727:
2708:
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2684:the original
2653:
2649:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2586:
2567:
2561:
2542:
2514:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2472:. Retrieved
2457:
2450:
2439:. Retrieved
2421:
2414:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2354:. Retrieved
2339:
2316:. Retrieved
2301:
2294:
2275:
2249:
2245:
2225:. Retrieved
2205:
2201:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2149:
2143:
2124:
2096:
2090:
2071:
2049:. Retrieved
2031:
2024:
2005:
1971:
1967:
1937:
1933:
1903:
1897:
1865:(1): 67–95.
1862:
1858:
1852:
1775:
1771:
1762:Mark Aronoff
1760:
1756:
1748:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1687:
1683:the Creation
1672:
1660:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1605:
1597:motor skills
1581:
1553:
1544:hermeneutics
1505:
1469:
1452:
1434:
1406:
1400:Science Wars
1398:
1392:
1376:Noam Chomsky
1365:
1349:
1334:
1326:World War II
1307:
1303:mating calls
1288:
1282:
1278:
1264:
1248:
1226:mind-viruses
1195:
1164:
1128:sociobiology
1115:
1111:
1110:
965:Sociobiology
950:Paleontology
914:
798:
734:Biogeography
729:Biodiversity
647:Coextinction
637:Co-operation
612:Polymorphism
537:Introduction
291:Glossematics
271:Constituency
243:interpreting
81:Lexicography
6938:Linguistics
6755:Determinism
6667:Coevolution
6611:Primatology
6449:Gender role
6354:Orientation
6234:Screen time
6091:Affectional
6073:Development
5752:Mate choice
5679:By-products
5647:Adaptations
5610:Cognitivism
5390:Mating call
5230:|work=
5192:Steels, Luc
4934:|work=
4878:|work=
4606:|work=
4319:10 December
4297:|work=
4211:|work=
4164:|work=
4117:|work=
4043:|work=
3931:|work=
3884:|work=
3837:|work=
3562:(52): 35–63
3534:|work=
3221:(1): 1–26.
2382:: 256–259.
1940:: 219–234.
1880:10451/45246
1766:Esa Itkonen
1708:in humans.
1630:in Croft's
1572:adaptations
1524:competitive
1466:replicators
1425:adaptations
1222:populations
1210:crystalline
975:Systematics
784:Renaissance
662:Convergence
652:Contingency
642:Coevolution
443:Terminology
418:Orthography
338:Usage-based
239:Translating
134:Acquisition
39:Linguistics
6948:Categories
6702:Population
6697:Lamarckism
6543:behavioral
6521:Behavioral
6469:Narcissism
6414:Aggression
6204:Hypophobia
6194:Depression
6081:Attachment
6063:Universals
6027:Psychology
6005:Biological
5993:Musicology
5983:Aesthetics
5882:Basophobia
5689:Exaptation
5667:Reciprocal
5443:Bumblebees
5153:2005-12-20
4972:1036787453
4963:006052085X
4661:2007-09-09
3946:Harnad, S.
3746:1885/33371
3706:2020-01-14
3613:2020-03-04
3566:2020-03-04
3368:1506.08663
3361:: 96–115.
3240:2020-03-04
3060:2020-03-04
2845:2020-05-12
2763:2020-03-03
2693:2017-10-24
2627:2020-03-03
2602:2020-03-03
2474:2020-03-03
2441:2020-03-03
2356:2020-03-03
2318:2020-03-03
2227:2020-03-02
2051:2020-03-03
1845:References
1702:snowflakes
1688:In modern
1589:perception
1550:Approaches
1516:David Hull
1512:ecological
1156:humanistic
749:Cladistics
672:Extinction
657:Divergence
627:Speciation
607:Adaptation
521:John Gould
413:Orismology
298:Functional
286:Generative
276:Dependency
96:Pragmatics
86:Morphology
76:Diachronic
6547:cognitive
6539:Affective
6424:Cognition
6378:Sexuality
6364:Pair bond
6124:Education
5781:Cognition
5699:Inclusive
5639:processes
5627:Criticism
5472:Elephants
5232:ignored (
5222:cite book
5184:832369870
5121:CiteSeerX
5029:704652476
4936:ignored (
4926:cite book
4918:182730511
4880:ignored (
4870:cite book
4862:639461749
4801:803876944
4716:263645256
4689:849464326
4608:ignored (
4598:cite book
4531:750525164
4375:428024376
4348:475438932
4299:ignored (
4289:cite book
4249:490308871
4213:ignored (
4203:cite book
4166:ignored (
4156:cite book
4119:ignored (
4109:cite book
4045:ignored (
4035:cite book
4027:828055639
3933:ignored (
3923:cite book
3915:804498749
3886:ignored (
3876:cite book
3868:804498749
3839:ignored (
3829:cite book
3821:804498749
3794:804498749
3693:247142924
3655:146998564
3583:(1959) .
3536:ignored (
3526:cite book
3518:804498749
3385:1450-3417
3235:143150253
2881:144380802
2658:CiteSeerX
2406:176892155
2222:145846758
1988:170296028
1889:121742473
1745:Criticism
1679:tagmemics
1640:metaphors
1628:linguemes
1612:cognitive
1593:attention
1585:cognition
1568:formalism
1560:formalism
1528:parasitic
1520:symbiotic
1494:; and in
1439:defeated
1344:proposed
1214:organisms
1008:Dysgenics
724:Phylogeny
622:Gene flow
592:Diversity
587:Variation
388:Iconicity
383:Etymology
303:Cognitive
266:Formalist
219:Phonetics
209:Philology
101:Semantics
91:Phonology
6926:Language
6816:Memetics
6576:Ethology
6534:genetics
6369:Physical
6334:Jealousy
6289:Activity
6095:maternal
6051:Religion
6039:Morality
6017:Language
5898:taxonomy
5711:Mismatch
5657:Cheating
5652:Altruism
5365:Ethology
5328:Concepts
5276:Archived
5214:47824669
5164:(1996).
5100:28723210
5080:(1994).
5062:11425617
5009:(2006).
4999:58052344
4948:(2002).
4830:80460757
4774:72440476
4743:48053881
4648:12446899
4504:34822011
4457:34456797
4281:46935997
4227:(1997).
4195:51235137
4148:51235137
4101:51235137
4074:51235137
3948:(2001).
3763:29740420
3755:18239118
3677:Energeia
3485:21690130
3436:11350165
3428:16266802
3393:14775156
2758:55562574
2622:Politico
1785:See also
1779:genotype
1719:Evidence
1706:mutation
1462:memetics
1441:humanism
1409:mutation
1356:Sorbonne
1251:metaphor
1218:parasite
1202:instinct
1185:, which
1124:language
1072:Category
998:Eugenics
840:timeline
821:Evo-devo
779:Overview
597:Mutation
559:Evidence
554:Glossary
189:Forensic
169:Distance
116:Typology
31:a series
29:Part of
6912:Portals
6717:Species
6489:Suicide
6324:Fantasy
6304:Arousal
6086:Bonding
5975:Culture
5799:Display
5786:Emotion
5694:Fitness
5583:History
5513:Related
5499:Lizards
5494:Insects
5487:Yerkish
5143:6167614
5070:1358838
4900:164–179
4628:Science
4590:2493424
4561:2493424
4495:9107436
4448:8385233
4411:8194866
3725:Science
3476:3130369
2680:6167614
1648:schemas
1536:physics
1397:in the
1366:In the
1275:species
1240:History
564:History
547:Outline
144:Applied
54:History
49:Outline
6895:
6882:
6869:
6459:Memory
6419:Autism
6386:female
6319:Desire
6056:Origin
6032:Speech
6022:Origin
5794:Affect
5504:Wolves
5212:
5202:
5182:
5172:
5141:
5123:
5098:
5088:
5068:
5060:
5027:
5017:
4997:
4987:
4970:
4960:
4916:
4906:
4860:
4850:
4828:
4818:
4799:
4789:
4772:
4762:
4741:
4731:
4714:
4704:
4687:
4677:
4646:
4588:
4578:
4559:
4549:
4529:
4519:
4502:
4492:
4455:
4445:
4408:
4373:
4363:
4346:
4336:
4279:
4269:
4247:
4237:
4193:
4183:
4146:
4136:
4099:
4089:
4072:
4062:
4025:
4015:
3985:Lingua
3913:
3903:
3866:
3856:
3819:
3809:
3792:
3782:
3761:
3753:
3691:
3653:
3596:
3516:
3506:
3483:
3473:
3434:
3426:
3391:
3383:
3336:
3233:
3189:
3164:
3139:
3107:
3082:
3051:
3013:
2980:
2955:
2930:
2905:
2879:
2813:
2788:
2756:
2715:
2678:
2660:
2574:
2549:
2521:
2496:
2465:
2432:
2404:
2376:Nature
2347:
2309:
2282:
2220:
2164:
2131:
2103:
2078:
2042:
2012:
1986:
1910:
1887:
1644:frames
1638:; and
1492:syntax
1419:. But
1417:ethics
1413:genome
1388:innate
1314:botany
1284:Nature
1152:origin
1148:nature
1070:
794:Darwin
459:Portal
357:Topics
106:Syntax
6429:Crime
6012:Crime
5943:Sleep
5933:skill
5773:Areas
5477:Frogs
5450:Birds
5375:FOXP2
5139:S2CID
5066:S2CID
4844:(PDF)
4655:(PDF)
4624:(PDF)
4313:(PDF)
4263:(PDF)
3759:S2CID
3700:(PDF)
3689:S2CID
3673:(PDF)
3651:S2CID
3607:(PDF)
3590:(PDF)
3556:(PDF)
3432:S2CID
3389:S2CID
3363:arXiv
3231:S2CID
3211:(PDF)
3129:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
2877:S2CID
2754:S2CID
2687:(PDF)
2676:S2CID
2646:(PDF)
2426:(PDF)
2402:S2CID
2218:S2CID
2036:(PDF)
1984:S2CID
1885:S2CID
1818:FOXP2
1734:FOXP2
1726:FOXP2
1542:, or
1183:brain
1177:with
1118:is a
532:Index
59:Index
6382:male
5743:Male
5520:Roar
5467:Dogs
5462:Cats
5438:Bees
5234:help
5210:OCLC
5200:ISBN
5180:OCLC
5170:ISBN
5096:OCLC
5086:ISBN
5058:PMID
5025:OCLC
5015:ISBN
4995:OCLC
4985:ISBN
4968:OCLC
4958:ISBN
4938:help
4914:OCLC
4904:ISBN
4882:help
4858:OCLC
4848:ISBN
4826:OCLC
4816:ISBN
4797:OCLC
4787:ISBN
4770:OCLC
4760:ISBN
4739:OCLC
4729:ISBN
4712:OCLC
4702:ISBN
4685:OCLC
4675:ISBN
4644:PMID
4610:help
4586:OCLC
4576:ISBN
4557:OCLC
4547:ISBN
4527:OCLC
4517:ISBN
4500:PMID
4453:PMID
4371:OCLC
4361:ISBN
4344:OCLC
4334:ISBN
4321:2013
4301:help
4277:OCLC
4267:ISBN
4245:OCLC
4235:ISBN
4215:help
4191:OCLC
4181:ISBN
4168:help
4144:OCLC
4134:ISBN
4121:help
4097:OCLC
4087:ISBN
4070:OCLC
4060:ISBN
4047:help
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