394:
368:
233:
465:
419:
707:
Spanish is spoken by part of the population of
Equatorial Guinea. Spanish is the language of education and the press and is the only common language in an otherwise linguistically diverse country. However, those who speak Spanish use it as a second language, often acquired in adulthood and therefore
626:
in
Caribbean Spanish, despite some earlier theories. Both varieties of Spanish are noticeably different. The main influence on the Spanish spoken in Equatorial Guinea seems to be the varieties spoken by native Spanish colonists. In a different paper, however, Lipski notes that the
674:
359:
and is spoken by about 90% of the population, estimated at 1,170,308 for the year 2010 (though population figures for this country are highly dubious), all of them second-language speakers.
401:
While the country has maintained its indigenous linguistic diversity, Spanish is the national and official language. Spanish is spoken by about 90% of the population in Bioko and coastal
390:. Full colonization of the continental interior was not established until the end of the 19th century. The present nation of Equatorial Guinea became independent on October 12, 1968.
1549:
1075:
906:
678:
631:
of
African languages might have reinforced, in Caribbean Spanish, the consonant reduction that was already taking place in Spanish from Southern Spain.
502:/d/ is generally pronounced as a stop or a tap . The fricative/approximant realization found in most other Spanish-speaking countries seldom occurs.
251:
3624:
356:
1068:
899:
1735:
3657:
1061:
892:
429:
2186:
1237:
872:
2118:
1921:
1916:
3662:
1860:
1748:
640:
315:
2021:
1911:
2136:
2975:
1290:
741:
797:
3035:
1131:
523:
Most of the Bubi ethnic group pronounce the "r" in the guttural form , like the sound of the initial "r" in French.
489:
2323:
1928:
1728:
305:
3123:
3024:
1256:
1084:
915:
444:
2994:
2931:
2609:
387:
496:
Syllable-final /s/ is alveolar , rather than the glottal found in southern Spain and much of Latin
America.
3058:
2461:
1451:
3499:
2937:
1906:
1835:
246:
3220:
2792:
2227:
1785:
1721:
3652:
2807:
2719:
2328:
2169:
1884:
1813:
1795:
1778:
1773:
1763:
1432:
393:
104:
96:
76:
3512:
3416:
2289:
2237:
2016:
1964:
1179:
505:/ÉŸ/ and /r/ are merged. The merged phoneme is most commonly realized as ; occurs less frequently.
2880:
2471:
2425:
2306:
2279:
2218:
2155:
2101:
1808:
1768:
1053:
593:
383:
91:
66:
2476:
3598:
2814:
2232:
2178:
1830:
1229:
440:
172:
109:
3630:
3575:
3381:
3376:
3007:
2898:
2826:
2649:
2311:
2074:
3294:
2262:
3580:
3354:
2970:
2943:
2869:
2729:
2528:
2456:
2408:
2402:
2365:
2348:
1273:
1164:
618:
According to John Lipski, a comparison between the
Spanish spoken in Equatorial Guinea and
367:
182:
3364:
2777:
1845:
386:
after being obtained from
Portugal in exchange for American territories in 1778 under the
8:
3065:
2957:
2925:
2919:
2540:
2500:
2466:
2294:
2058:
1465:
1268:
1192:
1169:
939:
114:
3328:
2761:
2436:
2370:
1338:
3570:
3299:
3155:
3113:
3079:
3073:
2963:
2906:
2863:
2846:
2584:
2577:
2413:
2201:
2142:
1998:
1986:
1865:
1803:
1509:
1500:
1483:
1426:
1371:
1365:
1219:
1207:
1197:
1159:
1113:
789:
509:
485:
477:
352:
3348:
1840:
816:"A test case of the Afro-hispanic connection: Syllable final /s/ in Equatorial Guinea"
283:
3527:
3506:
3426:
3386:
3245:
3173:
3167:
3091:
2983:
2893:
2834:
2746:
2704:
2505:
2451:
2257:
2242:
2213:
2196:
2106:
2069:
2038:
2026:
1945:
1933:
1850:
1825:
1819:
1744:
1713:
1519:
1478:
1399:
1332:
1154:
1141:
1021:
868:
834:
623:
619:
348:
291:
238:
86:
3369:
2338:
2316:
1413:
1262:
1242:
436:
311:
3480:
3470:
3455:
3443:
3359:
3308:
3272:
3250:
3237:
3231:
3160:
3149:
3053:
3018:
3002:
2851:
2839:
2772:
2736:
2724:
2692:
2617:
2589:
2562:
2392:
2387:
2375:
2355:
2343:
2284:
2191:
2148:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2043:
1974:
1958:
1855:
1565:
1514:
1445:
1308:
1298:
1202:
1187:
1103:
1088:
1037:
960:
944:
860:
830:
781:
344:
336:
211:
119:
71:
36:
3255:
3205:
1597:
3564:
3550:
3431:
3333:
3323:
3267:
3118:
3106:
3046:
3041:
2856:
2785:
2767:
2741:
2714:
2644:
2601:
2513:
2494:
2446:
2333:
2299:
2252:
2247:
1969:
1901:
1873:
1544:
1385:
1319:
1313:
1280:
1118:
995:
990:
980:
934:
884:
651:
527:
481:
58:
2567:
3615:
3522:
3517:
3438:
3318:
3280:
3012:
2572:
2518:
2488:
2380:
2064:
1992:
1938:
1587:
1577:
1303:
985:
965:
375:
200:
2661:
864:
3646:
3557:
3460:
3448:
3180:
2888:
2545:
2483:
1979:
1702:
1149:
1042:
1005:
1000:
975:
970:
1213:
3339:
3199:
2639:
2594:
1638:
1352:
628:
538:
499:
207:
167:
785:
722:
526:
Syllable-final /ÉŸ/ and /l/ are generally distinguished despite the native
351:. This is the only Spanish variety that holds national official status in
3401:
3394:
3131:
2697:
1603:
766:
177:
2666:
1689:
793:
402:
2709:
2679:
2671:
2627:
2622:
2272:
2031:
1648:
1618:
849:
815:
645:
464:
850:"A new look at Afro-Hispanic Phonology: the case of Equatorial Guinea"
3475:
3313:
2655:
1950:
1669:
1628:
1611:
859:. Publications in Language Sciences. Vol. 24. pp. 121â136.
276:
264:
162:
3101:
1535:
418:
3260:
3096:
2912:
2360:
2208:
1675:
1525:
564:
323:
3465:
1083:
3084:
2949:
2687:
2111:
2096:
1582:
1571:
560:
There is no distinction between indicative and subjunctive moods.
531:
319:
530:
having no such distinction. Both phonemes are very occasionally
3286:
2632:
2555:
2535:
2267:
469:
371:
Centro
Cultural de España (Cultural Center of Spain) in Malabo.
468:
Floral inscription with the name of the country in
Spanish in
2550:
2523:
549:
517:
513:
379:
81:
492:
480:, the Spanish spoken in Equatorial Guinea is influenced by
322:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1743:
855:. In Jaeggli, Osvaldo; Silva-CorvalĂ n, Carmen (eds.).
405:
and between 60% and 70% in the interior of RĂo Muni.
2435:
229:
914:
613:
3644:
1653:(Portuguese-based creole with Spanish influence)
723:"The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea: research on
1729:
1069:
900:
397:1000 Equatoguinean pesetas banknote from 1969
357:Equatoguinean Academy of the Spanish Language
252:Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española
774:Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies
445:introducing citations to additional sources
3625:languages with more than 5 million speakers
767:"The Spanish Language of Equatorial Guinea"
3208:(mixed RomaniâIbero- and Occitano-Romance)
1736:
1722:
1076:
1062:
907:
893:
463:
435:Relevant discussion may be found on the
392:
366:
316:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
51:1.1 million total speakers. (2010)
3645:
847:
841:
813:
807:
764:
720:
669:
667:
1717:
1057:
888:
699:
484:. Equatoguinean Spanish is more like
35:
708:not always in a fully native manner.
412:
16:Spanish variety of Equatorial Guinea
664:
641:Equatoguinean literature in Spanish
13:
3629:Languages between parentheses are
714:
476:As observed in other countries of
14:
3674:
3509:(unknown further classification)
702:A History Of The Spanish Language
622:does not hint at an influence of
382:, formerly Fernando PĂł) became a
803:from the original on 2023-09-08.
520:: /Ξ/ is distinguished from /s/.
428:relies largely or entirely on a
417:
231:
37:[espaËÉČolekwatoÉŁineËano]
747:from the original on 2023-11-06
721:Lipski, John M. (Spring 2002).
614:Comparison to Caribbean Spanish
512:, Equatoguinean Spanish has no
3658:Languages of Equatorial Guinea
3633:of the language on their left.
3503:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
916:Languages of Equatorial Guinea
857:Studies in Romance Linguistics
758:
693:
1:
1392:Los Llanos Colombia/Venezuela
657:
568:is used interchangeably with
388:First Treaty of San Ildefonso
835:10.1016/0024-3841(86)90004-5
648:(Fernando Po Creole English)
7:
3500:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
634:
408:
10:
3679:
3663:Spanish language in Africa
3202:(mixed PortugueseâSpanish)
2228:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
2022:CentralâSouthern Calabrian
1682:Coastal Argentina, Uruguay
1550:spoken by Catalan speakers
727: 's best-kept secret"
704:(2 ed.). p. 33.
378:(along with the island of
362:
3607:
3591:
3542:
3491:
3415:
3219:
3192:
3141:
2993:
2879:
2825:
2806:
2757:
2424:
2177:
2168:
2129:
2009:
1894:
1883:
1794:
1756:
1661:
1558:
1496:
1359:Central western Argentina
1289:
1228:
1178:
1140:
1127:
1096:
1030:
1014:
953:
922:
865:10.1515/9783110878516-010
537:Word-final /n/ is rarely
355:. It is regulated by the
302:
290:
274:
262:
257:
245:
225:Official language in
223:
218:
197:
155:
55:
43:
31:
26:
21:
2510:North American dialects
2017:Extreme Southern Italian
1929:CentralâNorthern Latian
1439:Colombia-Ecuador border
583:to mark a destination:
534:in word-final position.
2233:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1085:Dialects and varieties
700:Penny, Ralph (2002) .
508:Like most dialects of
473:
398:
372:
341:Español ecuatoguineano
340:
304:This article contains
27:Español ecuatoguineano
2720:PoitevinâSaintongeais
848:Lipski, John (1986).
814:Lipski, John (1986).
786:10.1353/hcs.2011.0376
765:Lipski, John (2004).
553:can be used with the
544:Articles are omitted.
467:
396:
370:
333:Equatoguinean Spanish
125:Equatoguinean Spanish
22:Equatoguinean Spanish
2529:St. Marys Bay French
2053:NeapolitanâCalabrese
954:Indigenous languages
734:Afro-Hispanic Review
441:improve this article
343:) is the variety of
183:Early Modern Spanish
2881:GalicianâPortuguese
1907:Central Marchigiano
557:verbal conjugation.
472:, Equatorial Guinea
3295:Catalan Ribagorçan
3142:PyreneanâMozarabic
2414:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2324:BustoccoâLegnanese
2119:Northern Calabrian
1326:Chiloé Archipelago
923:Official languages
681:on 9 February 2013
510:Peninsular Spanish
486:Peninsular Spanish
478:Sub-Saharan Africa
474:
399:
373:
353:Sub-Saharan Africa
3640:
3639:
3616:extinct languages
3538:
3537:
3215:
3214:
3174:Navarro-Aragonese
3059:Peruvian Ribereño
2984:Judaeo-Portuguese
2899:GalicianâAsturian
2802:
2801:
2793:Old Gallo-Romance
2747:Wisconsin Walloon
2164:
2163:
2137:Dalmatian Romance
1745:Romance languages
1711:
1710:
1697:
1683:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1607:
1541:
1531:
1492:
1491:
1473:
1472:Coastal Argentina
1459:
1440:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1379:
1360:
1346:
1345:Central Argentina
1327:
1252:
1051:
1050:
1031:Migrant languages
874:978-3-11-087851-6
675:"World Gazetteer"
624:African languages
620:Caribbean Spanish
462:
461:
349:Equatorial Guinea
330:
329:
312:rendering support
308:phonetic symbols.
247:Regulated by
239:Equatorial Guinea
3670:
3653:Spanish dialects
3161:Judaeo-Aragonese
3150:Andalusi Romance
3003:Amazonic Spanish
2840:Western Asturian
2823:
2822:
2762:Franco-Provençal
2433:
2432:
2329:ComascoâLecchese
2187:EmilianâRomagnol
2175:
2174:
1975:Regional Italian
1965:Italo-Australian
1892:
1891:
1814:Megleno-Romanian
1738:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1695:
1681:
1652:
1643:(mixed language)
1642:
1632:
1622:
1601:
1539:
1529:
1471:
1457:
1438:
1419:
1405:
1391:
1377:
1358:
1344:
1325:
1246:
1138:
1137:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1015:Creole languages
909:
902:
895:
886:
885:
879:
878:
854:
845:
839:
838:
820:
811:
805:
804:
802:
771:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
746:
731:
718:
712:
711:
697:
691:
690:
688:
686:
677:. Archived from
671:
575:The preposition
490:American Spanish
457:
454:
448:
421:
413:
298:
286:
267:
241:
237:
235:
234:
212:Spanish alphabet
203:
61:
39:
19:
18:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3603:
3587:
3565:Pannonian Latin
3551:African Romance
3534:
3487:
3418:
3411:
3349:Judeo-Provençal
3222:
3211:
3188:
3137:
3047:Chilean Chilote
2989:
2875:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2798:
2786:Moselle Romance
2753:
2602:Missouri French
2563:Franco-Ontarian
2438:
2427:
2420:
2160:
2125:
2102:Southern Latian
2005:
1970:Maltese Italian
1902:Central Italian
1886:
1879:
1874:Common Romanian
1790:
1774:Italo-Dalmatian
1752:
1742:
1712:
1707:
1696:Central America
1657:
1554:
1498:
1488:
1378:Coastal Ecuador
1285:
1224:
1180:Central America
1174:
1129:
1123:
1097:Africa and Asia
1092:
1082:
1052:
1047:
1026:
1010:
949:
918:
913:
883:
882:
875:
852:
846:
842:
818:
812:
808:
800:
769:
763:
759:
750:
748:
744:
729:
719:
715:
698:
694:
684:
682:
673:
672:
665:
660:
652:Saharan Spanish
637:
616:
528:Bantu languages
482:Bantu languages
458:
452:
449:
434:
422:
411:
365:
310:Without proper
296:
282:
263:
232:
230:
226:
219:Official status
204:
199:
193:
158:
151:
97:Western Romance
77:Latino-Faliscan
62:
59:Language family
57:
50:
46:
45:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3676:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3423:
3421:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3281:Judaeo-Catalan
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3240:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3036:Latin American
3032:
3027:
3015:
3013:Judaeo-Spanish
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2916:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2508:
2503:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2156:Judaeo-Italian
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1816:
1811:
1809:Istro-Romanian
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1757:Major branches
1754:
1753:
1749:classification
1741:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1588:Tetuani Ladino
1578:Judaeo-Spanish
1575:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
920:
919:
912:
911:
904:
897:
889:
881:
880:
873:
840:
806:
757:
740:(1â2): 70â97.
713:
692:
662:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
649:
643:
636:
633:
615:
612:
611:
610:
573:
561:
558:
545:
542:
535:
524:
521:
506:
503:
497:
460:
459:
439:. Please help
425:
423:
416:
410:
407:
384:Spanish colony
376:Spanish Guinea
364:
361:
328:
327:
314:, you may see
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
280:
272:
271:
268:
260:
259:
258:Language codes
255:
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201:Writing system
198:
195:
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192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
161:
159:
156:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
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145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
65:
63:
56:
53:
52:
47:
44:
41:
40:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3675:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3600:
3599:Proto-Romance
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:Reconstructed
3590:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:British Latin
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
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3516:
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3510:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
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3490:
3482:
3479:
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3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
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3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:Vivaro-Alpine
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3181:Old Navarrese
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3030:Equatoguinean
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2811:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Frainc-Comtou
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Judeo-Italian
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Castelmezzano
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1980:Swiss Italian
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Transylvanian
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:Daco-Romanian
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:Italo-Western
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:(Extremadura)
1538:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1291:South America
1288:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1238:United States
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1230:North America
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:Interamerican
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Equatoguinean
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
917:
910:
905:
903:
898:
896:
891:
890:
887:
876:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
844:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
810:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
768:
761:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
725:la hispanidad
717:
710:
709:
703:
696:
680:
676:
670:
668:
663:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
632:
630:
625:
621:
608:
605:
604:
600:
596:
595:
591:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
551:
546:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
522:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
471:
466:
456:
446:
442:
438:
432:
431:
430:single source
426:This section
424:
420:
415:
414:
406:
404:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
307:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
279:
278:
273:
269:
266:
261:
256:
253:
250:
248:
244:
240:
228:
222:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
196:
184:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:Proto-Romance
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
160:
154:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
105:Ibero-Romance
103:
102:
101:Gallo-Iberian
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:Italo-Western
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:Indo-European
64:
60:
54:
48:
42:
38:
34:
32:Pronunciation
30:
25:
20:
3620:
3611:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3498:
3400:
3393:
3355:Languedocien
3347:
3340:Judeo-Gascon
3338:
3279:
3230:
3200:Barranquenho
3179:
3172:
3148:
3130:
3072:
3034:
3029:
3017:
3008:Extremaduran
2982:
2956:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2911:
2868:
2827:Asturleonese
2791:
2784:
2742:West Walloon
2730:Saintongeais
2678:
2654:
2650:Anglo-Norman
2608:
2541:Newfoundland
2501:Jersey Legal
2493:
2401:
2366:Southwestern
2349:Vallassinese
2238:Gallo-Picene
2179:Gallo-Italic
2141:
2057:
2052:
1991:
1957:
1872:
1818:
1688:
1674:
1668:
1647:
1639:Media Lengua
1637:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1596:
1570:
1534:
1524:
1464:
1458:Coastal Peru
1450:
1431:
1420:Paisa Region
1412:
1398:
1384:
1370:
1351:
1337:
1318:
1274:Sabine River
1261:
1248:
1243:
1212:
1165:Puerto Rican
1108:
1091:by continent
929:
856:
843:
826:
822:
809:
777:
773:
760:
749:. Retrieved
737:
733:
724:
716:
706:
705:
701:
695:
683:. Retrieved
679:the original
629:phonotactics
617:
606:
602:
601:
598:
592:
588:
587:
584:
580:
576:
569:
563:
554:
548:
547:The pronoun
500:Intervocalic
475:
453:January 2023
450:
427:
400:
374:
332:
331:
303:
275:
168:Vulgar Latin
124:
110:West Iberian
3576:Campidanese
3402:Old Catalan
3395:Old Occitan
3132:Old Spanish
3066:Rioplatense
2870:Old Leonese
2698:Cotentinais
2662:Guernésiais
2585:Frenchville
2578:New England
2457:Bourbonnais
2409:Piedmontese
2403:Old Lombard
2295:Bergamasque
2219:Sammarinese
1604:Para-Romani
1466:Rioplatense
1406:Zulia State
1269:New Mexican
1257:Californian
1193:Costa Rican
1170:Trinidadian
829:: 209â222.
780:: 120â123.
685:11 November
597:instead of
318:instead of
178:Old Spanish
157:Early forms
3647:Categories
3623:indicates
3581:Logudorese
3114:Philippine
3080:Andalusian
3074:Peninsular
2964:Estremenho
2920:Portuguese
2847:Cantabrian
2680:Law French
2672:Sercquiais
2506:Meridional
2467:Champenois
2462:Burgundian
2273:Tabarchino
2263:Monégasque
2202:Parmigiano
2059:Neapolitan
2032:Manduriano
1999:Florentine
1866:Wallachian
1836:Bukovinian
1649:Papiamento
1619:Palenquero
1510:Andalusian
1501:Peninsular
1484:Venezuelan
1427:Paraguayan
1372:Equatorial
1366:Ecuadorian
1220:Salvadoran
1208:Nicaraguan
1198:Guatemalan
1160:Panamanian
1114:Philippine
1022:Annobonese
940:Portuguese
751:2015-05-20
658:References
646:Pichinglis
347:spoken in
3631:varieties
3614:indicate
3571:Sardinian
3528:Triestine
3476:Sursilvan
3387:Mentonasc
3365:Provençal
3314:Auvergnat
3300:Valencian
3256:Mallorcan
3246:Algherese
3221:Occitano-
3168:Navarrese
3156:Aragonese
3092:Castilian
2995:Castilian
2971:Uruguayan
2944:Brazilian
2907:Minderico
2901:/Eonavian
2864:Mirandese
2778:ValdĂŽtain
2764:/Arpitan
2705:Orléanais
2656:Auregnais
2640:Mayennais
2590:Louisiana
2472:Ardennais
2452:Berrichon
2258:Intemelio
2214:Forlivese
2197:Bolognese
2143:Dalmatian
2107:Tarantino
2070:Benevento
2027:Salentino
1987:Sassarese
1951:Gallurese
1934:Romanesco
1887:Dalmatian
1851:Moldavian
1846:MaramureÈ
1804:Aromanian
1670:Cocoliche
1629:Chavacano
1612:Spanglish
1530:(Galicia)
1520:Castilian
1479:Uruguayan
1400:Maracucho
1333:Colombian
1155:Dominican
1142:Caribbean
579:replaces
539:velarized
437:talk page
277:Glottolog
265:ISO 639-3
163:Old Latin
115:Castilian
49:Unknown.
3507:Venetian
3481:Vallader
3471:Surmiran
3444:Cadorino
3427:Friulian
3360:Limousin
3329:BĂ©arnese
3291:Western
3273:Northern
3261:Menorcan
3251:Balearic
3242:Eastern
3238:dialects
3097:Castrapo
3054:Peruvian
3025:dialects
2958:European
2926:dialects
2913:Portugis
2894:Galician
2835:Asturian
2773:Savoyard
2725:Poitevin
2693:Cauchois
2667:JĂšrriais
2514:Canadian
2393:Varesino
2388:Ticinese
2376:Novarese
2371:Cremunés
2361:Ossolano
2356:Milanese
2344:Lecchese
2312:Brianzöö
2243:Ligurian
2209:Romagnol
2090:Arianese
2085:Irpinian
2080:Cilentan
2044:Pantesco
2039:Sicilian
2010:Southern
1946:Corsican
1922:Macerata
1917:Fabriano
1856:Oltenian
1826:dialects
1786:Southern
1690:MalespĂn
1676:Lunfardo
1633:(creole)
1623:(creole)
1566:Standard
1526:Castrapo
1515:Canarian
1452:Ribereño
1446:Peruvian
1339:Cordobés
1309:Bolivian
1299:Amazonic
1203:Honduran
1188:Belizean
1128:Americas
1104:Canarian
798:Archived
794:20641705
742:Archived
635:See also
565:Vosotros
409:Features
403:RĂo Muni
324:Help:IPA
284:span1270
3612:Italics
3513:Chipilo
3456:Romansh
3419:Romance
3417:Rhaeto-
3382:Gardiol
3334:Landese
3324:Aranese
3309:Occitan
3268:Central
3232:Catalan
3223:Romance
3124:Creoles
3119:Saharan
3107:Murcian
3085:Llanito
3042:Chilean
3019:Spanish
2976:Creoles
2950:Mineiro
2932:African
2857:Riberan
2852:Leonese
2817:Iberian
2810:Romance
2737:Walloon
2710:Paydret
2688:Augeron
2628:Vosgien
2623:Gaumais
2618:Lorrain
2610:Creoles
2573:Muskrat
2519:Acadian
2447:Angevin
2437:Langues
2428:Romance
2334:Comasco
2307:Western
2300:Cremish
2290:Eastern
2285:Lombard
2253:Genoese
2248:Brigasc
2192:Emilian
2170:Western
2149:Istriot
2112:Vastese
2097:Molisan
1959:Italian
1895:Central
1841:CriÈana
1796:Eastern
1779:Western
1764:Eastern
1662:Extinct
1583:Haketia
1572:Llanito
1545:Murcian
1433:Pastuso
1386:Llanero
1320:Chilote
1314:Chilean
1281:Mexican
1249:Chicano
1214:Pachuco
1119:Saharan
1089:Spanish
1038:English
961:Batanga
945:English
930:Spanish
570:ustedes
363:History
345:Spanish
337:Spanish
320:Unicode
120:Spanish
87:Romance
3543:Others
3523:Talian
3518:Fiuman
3492:Others
3432:Fornes
3370:Niçard
3319:Gascon
3287:Patuet
3193:Others
3102:CastĂșo
2808:Ibero-
2768:Faetar
2715:Picard
2645:Norman
2633:Welche
2556:Magoua
2546:Quebec
2536:Brayon
2495:French
2477:RĂ©mois
2426:Gallo-
2381:Pavese
2339:Laghée
2317:Canzés
2268:Royasc
2130:Others
2065:Barese
1993:Tuscan
1939:Sabino
1912:Ancona
1885:Italo-
1536:CastĂșo
1497:Europe
1353:Cuyano
1304:Andean
1263:Isleño
996:Lengue
991:Kwasio
935:French
871:
823:Lingua
792:
532:elided
470:Malabo
236:
72:Italic
3466:PutĂšr
3461:Jauer
3449:Nones
3439:Ladin
2938:Asian
2595:Houma
2568:MĂ©tis
2551:Joual
2524:Chiac
2489:Gallo
2439:d'oĂŻl
1831:Banat
1703:Bozal
1559:Other
1414:Paisa
1150:Cuban
986:Kombe
981:Gyele
966:Benga
853:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
801:(PDF)
790:JSTOR
770:(PDF)
745:(PDF)
730:(PDF)
550:usted
518:ceceo
514:seseo
488:than
380:Bioko
297:es-GQ
208:Latin
82:Latin
3621:Bold
3206:CalĂł
2889:Fala
2815:West
1673:and
1598:CalĂł
1244:CalĂł
1043:Igbo
1006:Yasa
1001:Seki
976:Fang
971:Bube
869:ISBN
687:2011
607:Bata
594:Bata
541:to .
292:IETF
1087:of
861:doi
831:doi
782:doi
599:voy
585:voy
516:or
443:by
306:IPA
3649::
867:.
827:68
825:.
821:.
796:.
788:.
776:.
772:.
738:21
736:.
732:.
666:^
589:en
577:en
555:tĂș
339::
2819:)
2813:(
1751:)
1747:(
1737:e
1730:t
1723:v
1606:)
1602:(
1503:)
1499:(
1251:)
1247:(
1134:)
1130:(
1077:e
1070:t
1063:v
908:e
901:t
894:v
877:.
863::
837:.
833::
784::
778:8
754:.
689:.
609:.
603:a
581:a
572:.
455:)
451:(
447:.
433:.
335:(
326:.
270:â
214:)
210:(
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