31:
48:
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of
Spanish in Knowledge articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without
2483:, only is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with ⟨
2344:
is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from to to to , with voiced approximants/fricatives (i.e. ) being the usual form in conversational style (
2929:
3825:
151:⟩. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.
2519:
in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by ⟨
117:
2641:
157:
69:
3882:
1253:
3861:
38:
2686:
is pronounced as in many accents such as those in the
Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands (
2640:
but the outcome of a different evolution of sibilants in southern Spain in comparison with northern and central dialects. See
2594:
1384:
2844:
3835:
2059:
852:
3014:
1705:
3830:
2895:
2660:
is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as or ; e.g.
3820:
1598:
1501:
3023:
2232:
502:
105:
42:
2975:
209:
3100:
2854:
2787::1911). Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription ().
2544:
1785:
1423:
1313:
3262:
2810:
2780:
2764:
2760:
2743:
2708:
2683:
2671:
2657:
2584:
2566:
2520:
2516:
2484:
2480:
2448:
2399:
2395:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2341:
2337:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2275:
191:
148:
65:
1851:
322:
2957:
3173:
2560:
2476:
2018:
1414:
1139:
663:
112:
pronunciations in
Knowledge articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Knowledge articles, see
3694:
3639:
3509:
3290:
3232:
2558:
2542:
1818:
1641:
440:
3629:
3387:
3285:
3153:
3078:
3073:
3063:
2783:
may in addition be raised to , as in , which is common in Latin
America, but stigmatized in Spain (
2436:
1939:
1566:
954:
718:
594:
3749:
3634:
3332:
3317:
2869:
791:
261:
3549:
3524:
3459:
3247:
3188:
3095:
3068:
3007:
2593:) in most of Andalusia. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically more
1903:
2884:
3856:
3779:
2283:
1181:
987:
903:
389:
54:
197:
In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g.
3579:
3504:
3307:
3225:
3178:
3105:
2746:
only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent, unless it is a part of the digraph
2161:
2135:
1055:
543:
8:
3764:
3589:
3539:
3464:
3449:
3183:
3115:
2279:
50:
3744:
3624:
3554:
3519:
3479:
3362:
3347:
3342:
3295:
3237:
3168:
3135:
3040:
2992:
2928:
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003),
1107:
79:
3759:
3729:
3644:
3619:
3604:
3469:
3444:
3394:
3322:
3312:
3277:
3272:
3242:
3195:
3163:
3090:
3085:
3045:
3000:
2972:
2892:
2873:
2841:
2310:, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from
205:
3494:
2565:). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical, either pronouncing them as
2467:, and , only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled
3789:
3769:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3654:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3594:
3574:
3559:
3529:
3499:
3484:
3454:
3439:
3414:
3382:
3367:
3257:
3220:
3210:
3148:
3140:
3120:
3050:
2964:
2944:
2917:
2855:"The importance of ten phonetic characteristics to define dialect areas in Spanish"
2833:
2464:
2444:
1229:
109:
87:
3799:
3794:
3714:
3649:
3584:
3569:
3544:
3534:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3327:
3267:
3252:
3205:
3130:
3125:
3110:
3058:
3035:
2921:
2637:
2440:
2432:
2139:
3804:
3784:
3774:
3754:
3709:
3704:
3674:
3514:
3474:
3434:
3404:
3372:
3357:
3337:
3302:
3215:
3200:
2948:
2927:
2837:
2828:
Campos-Astorkiza, Rebeka (2018), "Consonants", in
Geeslin, Kimberly L. (ed.),
2645:
2411:
2319:
3876:
3719:
3564:
3489:
3352:
2968:
2876:
2576:
3429:
3377:
113:
2763:
that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels
2797:
2439:
their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before
2580:
1996:
1243:
227:
194:⟩. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain.
2405:
126:
123:
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergone
3851:
2904:
Hualde, José Ignacio; Simonet, Miquel; Torreira, Francisco (2008),
2192:
2146:
2003:
1768:
1302:
234:
61:
17:
2905:
118:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters
2719:
2515:
In much of
Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain,
2820:
2725:
2646:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003
2412:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003
1761:
208:
for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of
Spanish, and
2690::156). It is pronounced as in northern Peninsular Spanish (
2320:
Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003
2306:. In the latter environments, they are stops like English
2402:; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. See
2226:
3022:
2597:(often perceived as closer to the sound represented by
2906:"Postlexical contraction of nonhigh vowels in Spanish"
2717:
and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g.
154:
For terms that are more relevant to regions that have
2903:
2784:
2239:
2956:
2796:Some speakers may pronounce word-initial with an
2642:phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives
2937:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
2318:is realized as an approximant in all positions (
3874:
2827:
2369:
215:
143:are pronounced differently), words spelled with
2537:Northern and Central Spain distinguish between
2368:may be voiced (), but since this is variable (
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
1491:
1404:
252:
60:For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3008:
2830:The Cambridge Handbook of Spanish Linguistics
2801:
2774:
2768:
2712:
2662:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2603:
2588:
2570:
2494:
2488:
2447:, they are . The labiodental appears before
2403:
2209:
2199:
2178:
2168:
2119:
2098:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2045:
2035:
2025:
1979:
1957:
1946:
1924:
1910:
1889:
1877:
1868:
1858:
1836:
1825:
1803:
1792:
1742:
1731:
1721:
1712:
1691:
1677:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1627:
1615:
1605:
1583:
1573:
1552:
1530:
1510:
1482:
1469:
1458:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1395:
1374:
1363:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1320:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1233:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1188:
1166:
1155:
1146:
1125:
1114:
1092:
1081:
1071:
1062:
1041:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1003:
994:
972:
961:
940:
929:
919:
910:
889:
868:
859:
837:
826:
816:
807:
798:
777:
766:
755:
744:
734:
725:
703:
692:
681:
670:
642:
631:
621:
611:
601:
579:
569:
559:
550:
529:
518:
509:
487:
476:
467:
457:
447:
426:
415:
405:
396:
370:
359:
349:
339:
329:
307:
296:
287:
277:
268:
174:are pronounced the same), words spelled with
169:
163:
155:
138:
132:
124:
2767:may also be realized as semivowels, as in (
2511:
2509:
2479:: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after
2108:
1968:
1540:
1520:
878:
2832:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–189,
2258:
70:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
3015:
3001:
2963:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2506:
2459:
2457:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
101:Knowledge key to pronunciation of Spanish
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2390:
2388:
2386:
1478:
1389:
247:
3836:Other English pronunciation respellings
2533:
2531:
2529:
2475:, respectively. Otherwise, they are in
45:transcriptions of Spanish on Knowledge.
14:
3875:
2883:
2852:
2691:
2687:
2500:
2454:
2351:
2345:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2996:
2954:
2417:
2383:
2252:
106:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
3883:International Phonetic Alphabet help
2526:
2394:Most speakers no longer distinguish
2286:in all places except after a pause,
25:
2785:Hualde, Simonet & Torreira 2008
2364:When preceding a voiced consonant,
2325:
23:
3831:Knowledge pronunciation respelling
2711:only in certain proper names like
381:but without lips completely closed
190:) can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨
24:
3894:
2191:
2160:
2058:
2017:
1938:
1902:
1850:
1817:
1784:
1704:
1640:
1597:
1565:
1500:
1422:
1413:
1312:
1252:
1180:
1138:
1106:
1054:
986:
953:
902:
851:
790:
717:
662:
593:
542:
501:
439:
388:
321:
260:
147:can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨
64:. For the distinction between ,
29:
3024:International Phonetic Alphabet
2959:Variation and change in Spanish
2790:
2779:). Semivocalic realizations of
2753:
2732:
2697:
2677:
2651:
2233:Category:Pages with Spanish IPA
3862:Manual of Style: Pronunciation
2891:, Cambridge University Press,
2246:
655:touching the roof of the mouth
210:Spanish dialects and varieties
104:The charts below show how the
13:
1:
2376:are always transcribed with ⟨
2922:10.1016/j.lingua.2007.10.004
7:
3821:IPA conventions for English
2648::258) for more information.
2414::258) for more information.
10:
3899:
2477:complementary distribution
77:
3844:
3813:
3031:
2949:10.1017/s0025100303001373
2838:10.1017/9781316779194.009
2663:
2604:
2210:
2179:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2099:
2046:
1995:
1991:
1980:
1958:
1925:
1890:
1878:
1837:
1804:
1760:
1743:
1702:
1692:
1678:
1638:
1628:
1616:
1595:
1584:
1563:
1553:
1511:
1498:
1483:
1470:
1396:
1375:
1364:
1310:
1291:
1250:
1234:
1178:
1167:
1136:
1126:
1104:
1093:
1052:
1042:
984:
973:
951:
941:
900:
890:
849:
838:
827:
788:
778:
767:
756:
715:
704:
682:
660:
643:
591:
580:
540:
530:
499:
488:
437:
427:
386:
371:
319:
308:
258:
241:
238:
233:
226:
2969:10.1017/CBO9781139164566
2955:Penny, Ralph J. (2000).
2870:Universitat de Barcelona
2443:, they are , and before
2336:The distinction between
212:for regional variation.
182:(the latter only before
2853:Coloma, Germán (2012).
653:but without the tongue
2802:
2775:
2769:
2713:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2589:
2571:
2495:
2489:
2404:
2200:
2169:
2154:English approximation
2109:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2036:
2026:
2011:English approximation
1969:
1947:
1911:
1869:
1859:
1826:
1793:
1732:
1722:
1713:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1606:
1574:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1459:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1321:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1189:
1156:
1147:
1115:
1082:
1072:
1063:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1004:
995:
962:
930:
920:
911:
879:
869:
860:
817:
808:
799:
745:
735:
726:
693:
671:
632:
622:
612:
602:
570:
560:
551:
519:
510:
477:
468:
458:
448:
416:
406:
397:
360:
350:
340:
330:
297:
288:
278:
269:
242:English approximation
170:
164:
156:
139:
133:
125:
2889:The Sounds of Spanish
2612:) than in areas with
2370:Campos-Astorkiza 2018
1777:English approximation
162:(where words such as
131:(where words such as
3857:For English speakers
3101:Australian languages
2885:Hualde, José Ignacio
2294:, or in the case of
199:{{IPA|es|...|local}}
3845:Introductory guides
2930:"Castilian Spanish"
2759:are allophones of
2579:and some parts of
2278:are pronounced as
3870:
3869:
2916:(12): 1906–1925,
2846:978-1-107-17482-5
2465:rhotic consonants
2380:⟩ in this system.
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
1754:
1753:
206:Spanish phonology
99:
98:
39:pronunciation key
3890:
3826:English dialects
3510:Mauritian Creole
3263:Franco-Provençal
3233:Emilian-Romagnol
3017:
3010:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2962:
2951:
2934:
2924:
2900:
2880:
2859:
2849:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2638:phonemic mergers
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2256:
2250:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2164:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2021:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1866:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1788:
1778:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1719:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1664:
1655:
1644:
1634:
1633:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1437:
1426:
1417:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1356:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1316:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1256:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1153:
1142:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1001:
990:
980:
979:
969:
957:
947:
946:
937:
927:
917:
906:
896:
895:
886:
876:
866:
855:
845:
844:
833:
832:
823:
814:
805:
794:
784:
783:
773:
772:
762:
761:
752:
742:
732:
721:
711:
710:
700:
689:
688:
678:
666:
650:
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
597:
587:
586:
576:
567:
557:
546:
536:
535:
526:
516:
505:
495:
494:
484:
474:
465:
455:
443:
433:
432:
423:
413:
403:
392:
378:
377:
367:
357:
347:
337:
325:
315:
314:
304:
294:
285:
275:
264:
254:
249:
224:
223:
220:
219:
200:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
167:
161:
150:
146:
142:
136:
130:
110:Spanish language
90:
67:
33:
32:
26:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3840:
3809:
3630:Scottish Gaelic
3059:Modern Standard
3027:
3021:
2991:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2932:
2898:
2857:
2847:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2795:
2791:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2682:
2678:
2656:
2652:
2598:
2554:
2550:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2514:
2507:
2487:⟩ in this key:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2431:
2418:
2393:
2384:
2363:
2352:
2335:
2326:
2307:
2274:
2259:
2255::120, 132, 147)
2251:
2247:
2242:
2229:
2196:
2165:
2140:syllabification
2066:
2063:
2022:
1943:
1907:
1855:
1822:
1789:
1776:
1709:
1645:
1602:
1570:
1508:
1505:
1427:
1418:
1359:
1317:
1257:
1185:
1143:
1111:
1059:
991:
958:
907:
856:
795:
722:
667:
598:
547:
506:
444:
393:
326:
265:
218:
198:
187:
183:
179:
175:
144:
102:
95:
94:
93:
86:
82:
73:
58:
30:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:Serbo-Croatian
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3318:Haitian Creole
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2990:
2989:
2976:
2952:
2943:(2): 255–259,
2925:
2901:
2896:
2881:
2850:
2845:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2789:
2752:
2731:
2696:
2676:
2650:
2618:. Contrary to
2525:
2505:
2453:
2416:
2382:
2350:
2324:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1686:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1467:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1357:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1288:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1226:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1039:
992:
985:
982:
981:
970:
959:
952:
949:
948:
938:
908:
901:
898:
897:
887:
857:
850:
847:
846:
835:
796:
789:
786:
785:
775:
723:
716:
713:
712:
701:
668:
661:
658:
657:
654:
640:
599:
592:
589:
588:
577:
548:
541:
538:
537:
527:
507:
500:
497:
496:
485:
445:
438:
435:
434:
424:
394:
387:
384:
383:
368:
327:
320:
317:
316:
305:
266:
259:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
240:
237:
231:
230:
217:
214:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
83:
78:
76:
74:
59:
47:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3895:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Northern Thai
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:Luxembourgish
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2897:0-521-54538-2
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:. Barcelona:
2867:
2863:
2862:Dialectologia
2856:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2808:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2777:
2771:
2756:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2666:
2654:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2577:Latin America
2573:
2562:
2546:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2512:
2510:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2321:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1486:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1000:
998:
993:
989:
983:
977:
971:
968:
966:
960:
956:
950:
944:
939:
936:
934:
926:
924:
916:
914:
909:
905:
899:
893:
888:
885:
883:
875:
873:
865:
863:
858:
854:
848:
842:
836:
834:
831:
822:
820:
813:
811:
804:
802:
797:
793:
787:
781:
776:
774:
770:
763:
759:
751:
749:
741:
739:
731:
729:
724:
720:
714:
708:
702:
699:
697:
690:
686:
677:
675:
669:
665:
659:
656:
647:
641:
638:
636:
628:
626:
618:
616:
608:
606:
600:
596:
590:
584:
578:
575:
573:
566:
564:
556:
554:
549:
545:
539:
533:
528:
525:
523:
515:
513:
508:
504:
498:
492:
486:
483:
481:
473:
472:
464:
462:
454:
452:
446:
442:
436:
430:
425:
422:
420:
412:
410:
402:
400:
395:
391:
385:
382:
375:
369:
366:
364:
356:
354:
346:
344:
336:
334:
328:
324:
318:
312:
306:
303:
301:
293:
291:
284:
282:
274:
272:
267:
263:
257:
251:
246:
245:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
221:
213:
211:
207:
202:
195:
172:
166:
160:
159:
152:
141:
135:
129:
128:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
89:
85:
84:
81:
75:
71:
63:
56:
52:
49:establishing
46:
44:
40:
35:
28:
27:
19:
3780:West Frisian
3664:
3248:Extremaduran
2981:. Retrieved
2958:
2940:
2936:
2913:
2909:
2888:
2865:
2861:
2829:
2804:
2792:
2755:
2734:
2724:
2718:
2699:
2679:
2664:
2661:
2653:
2605:
2602:
2496:súper-rápido
2378:s, θ, f, (ʃ)
2308:⟨b, d, g, j⟩
2284:approximants
2248:
2211:
2201:
2181:
2171:
2121:
2110:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2047:
2038:
2028:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1927:
1917:
1913:
1892:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1861:
1839:
1828:
1806:
1795:
1745:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1659:
1650:
1629:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1586:
1575:
1554:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1512:
1509:
1484:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1432:
1397:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1332:
1322:
1300:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1169:
1158:
1148:
1128:
1117:
1095:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1006:
996:
975:
964:
942:
932:
922:
912:
891:
881:
871:
861:
840:
829:
825:
818:
809:
800:
779:
768:
765:
757:
754:
747:
737:
727:
706:
695:
684:
680:
673:
652:
645:
634:
624:
614:
604:
582:
571:
562:
552:
531:
521:
511:
490:
479:
470:
460:
450:
428:
418:
408:
398:
380:
373:
362:
352:
342:
332:
310:
299:
289:
280:
270:
203:
196:
153:
122:
114:Template:IPA
103:
68:and ⟨⟩, see
37:This is the
36:
3814:Comparisons
3580:Piedmontese
3505:Marshallese
3308:Greenlandic
3226:Old English
3106:Azerbaijani
2742:represents
2738:The letter
2707:represents
2703:The letter
2692:Coloma 2012
2688:Hualde 2005
2549:) and soft
2501:Hualde 2005
2374:/s,θ,f,(ʃ)/
2366:/s,θ,f,(ʃ)/
2346:Hualde 2005
2253:Penny (2000
108:represents
3765:Vietnamese
3590:Portuguese
3540:Neapolitan
3465:Macedonian
3450:Lithuanian
3358:Indonesian
3116:Belarusian
2977:0521780454
2821:References
2798:epenthetic
2437:assimilate
2280:fricatives
2276:/b,d,ɡ,ɟʝ/
1997:Semivowels
228:Consonants
3745:Ukrainian
3625:Sardinian
3555:Norwegian
3525:Mirandese
3520:Mongolian
3480:Malayalam
3363:Inuktitut
3348:Icelandic
3343:Hungarian
3296:Colognian
3291:Alemannic
3238:Esperanto
3169:Cantonese
3136:Bulgarian
3041:Afrikaans
2877:2013-2247
2595:retracted
2581:Andalusia
2490:dar rocas
1385:retracted
1244:trilled r
55:talk page
51:consensus
3877:Category
3760:Venetian
3730:Tigrinya
3645:Sicilian
3620:Sanskrit
3605:Romanian
3470:Malagasy
3445:Ligurian
3395:Japanese
3323:Hawaiian
3313:Gujarati
3286:Standard
3278:Georgian
3273:Galician
3243:Estonian
3196:Corsican
3164:Mandarin
3160:Chinese
3149:Standard
3145:Catalan
3096:Asturian
3091:Assamese
3086:Armenian
3079:Tunisian
3074:Lebanese
3064:Egyptian
3046:Albanian
2887:(2005),
2872:: 1–26.
2694::3, 17).
2636:are not
2583:, or as
2322::257-8).
2302:, after
2227:See also
2151:Examples
2008:Examples
1773:Examples
1689:Scottish
1303:flapping
1230:Scottish
239:Examples
88:H:IPA-ES
80:Shortcut
62:Help:IPA
18:Help:IPA
3852:Symbols
3790:Yiddish
3770:Walloon
3740:Turkmen
3735:Turkish
3725:Tibetan
3695:Tai Lue
3690:Tagalog
3685:Sylheti
3680:Swedish
3670:Swahili
3665:Spanish
3660:Sorbian
3655:Slovene
3615:Russian
3610:Romansh
3600:Quechua
3595:Punjabi
3575:Persian
3560:Occitan
3530:Nahuatl
3500:Marathi
3485:Maltese
3455:Lombard
3440:Latvian
3415:Kurdish
3388:Central
3383:Italian
3368:Inupiaq
3282:German
3258:Finnish
3221:English
3174:Hokkien
3154:Insular
3141:Burmese
3121:Bengali
3055:Arabic
3051:Amharic
2983:21 June
2776:maestro
2481:/l,n,s/
2445:labials
2435:always
2372::174),
2342:/b,d,ɡ/
2338:/p,t,k/
2235:(8,149)
1361:between
53:on the
3800:Zhuang
3795:Yoruba
3715:Telugu
3650:Slovak
3585:Polish
3570:Pashto
3545:Nepali
3535:Navajo
3425:Lakota
3420:Kyrgyz
3410:Korean
3400:Kazakh
3328:Hebrew
3268:French
3253:Fijian
3206:Danish
3131:Breton
3126:Berber
3111:Basque
3069:Hejazi
3036:Adyghe
2910:Lingua
2800:(e.g.
2720:Oaxaca
2714:Ximena
2621:yeísmo
2503::184).
2441:velars
2433:Nasals
2406:yeísmo
2348::146).
2136:Stress
1762:Vowels
127:yeísmo
116:, and
57:first.
3785:Xhosa
3775:Welsh
3755:Uzbek
3710:Tatar
3705:Tamil
3700:Tajik
3675:Swazi
3515:Mayan
3495:Māori
3475:Malay
3435:Latin
3405:Khmer
3373:Irish
3338:Hmong
3333:Hindi
3303:Greek
3216:Dutch
3201:Czech
3189:Xiang
2933:(PDF)
2858:(PDF)
2781:/e,o/
2770:poeta
2765:/e,o/
2761:/i,u/
2726:Texas
2633:ceceo
2627:seseo
2615:seseo
2590:ceceo
2575:) in
2572:seseo
2398:from
2240:Notes
1301:with
1033:párki
945:other
683:blue
158:seseo
140:halla
16:<
3805:Zulu
3750:Urdu
3720:Thai
3640:Shan
3565:Odia
3490:Manx
3378:Isan
3353:Igbo
3211:Dari
3026:keys
2985:2022
2973:ISBN
2893:ISBN
2874:ISSN
2842:ISBN
2748:⟨ch⟩
2723:and
2644:and
2630:and
2599:⟨sh⟩
2471:and
2469:⟨rr⟩
2463:The
2410:and
2340:and
2300:/ɟʝ/
2298:and
2182:main
2138:and
1809:ther
1737:yeso
1717:uvia
1653:arra
1632:oose
1578:amiz
1536:enet
1532:Frei
1354:enón
1223:ogar
1087:yuge
1024:álbu
978:fort
967:flar
694:mána
687:eans
574:erra
555:algo
204:See
171:casa
168:and
165:caza
145:⟨ll⟩
137:and
134:haya
41:for
3430:Lao
3179:Jin
2965:doi
2945:doi
2918:doi
2914:118
2834:doi
2807:ila
2744:/x/
2740:⟨h⟩
2709:/x/
2705:⟨x⟩
2684:/x/
2658:/ʃ/
2601:in
2585:/θ/
2567:/s/
2555:⟨z⟩
2553:or
2551:⟨c⟩
2539:⟨s⟩
2517:/s/
2473:⟨r⟩
2449:/f/
2400:/ʝ/
2396:/ʎ/
2316:/ʎ/
2312:/ʝ/
2304:/l/
2296:/d/
2292:/m/
2290:or
2288:/n/
2282:or
2172:dad
2170:ciu
2147:IPA
2124:ine
2113:ija
2089:arg
2073:ila
2031:ena
2004:IPA
1842:rry
1769:IPA
1746:lli
1682:all
1672:ico
1617:bri
1610:ico
1589:and
1557:ack
1542:bei
1481:),
1474:ing
1464:gar
1435:era
1388:) (
1372:and
1325:aco
1209:hon
1151:ato
1046:eed
935:bar
915:eta
894:ean
864:una
821:ilo
803:aso
750:elo
740:eso
709:ond
648:ain
627:ila
603:gal
585:ain
561:len
534:ace
514:aro
401:edo
376:out
341:fút
313:out
292:iva
273:ebé
235:IPA
216:Key
201:).
188:⟨e⟩
186:or
184:⟨i⟩
180:⟨c⟩
178:or
176:⟨z⟩
66:/ /
43:IPA
3879::
3184:Wu
2971:.
2941:33
2939:,
2935:,
2912:,
2908:,
2864:.
2860:.
2840:,
2813:).
2773:,
2729:).
2667:ow
2665:sh
2624:,
2608:ip
2606:sh
2528:^
2523:⟩.
2508:^
2493:,
2485:ɾr
2456:^
2419:^
2385:^
2353:^
2327:^
2314:,
2260:^
2212:Le
2202:mí
2180:do
2111:ou
2107:,
2103:eb
2096:,
2093:ir
2086:,
2083:to
2076:,
2050:et
2037:re
2034:,
1983:oo
1972:ou
1967:,
1961:oo
1955:,
1952:so
1930:re
1893:ee
1881:ee
1875:,
1867:,
1864:so
1831:so
1798:so
1748:on
1744:mi
1730:,
1725:ll
1723:ha
1720:,
1715:ll
1695:ch
1693:lo
1675:,
1668:Mé
1665:,
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1656:,
1630:ch
1619:dg
1613:,
1608:ch
1599:tʃ
1555:sh
1539:,
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1526:er
1524:ch
1522:Ro
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1513:sh
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1492:LA
1487:ip
1479:EU
1472:th
1460:ju
1457:,
1450:ca
1447:,
1444:oo
1438:,
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1405:LA
1400:ip
1392:),
1390:EU
1379:ip
1377:sh
1368:ip
1348:,
1345:tá
1338:,
1331:ca
1328:,
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1296:om
1282:po
1279:,
1272:ca
1269:,
1266:ío
1241:-
1238:un
1219:ab
1216:,
1206:,
1201:rr
1199:ca
1196:,
1193:ío
1172:in
1157:lu
1154:,
1129:ng
1127:si
1120:go
1116:te
1098:on
1096:ny
1094:ca
1083:có
1080:,
1073:ca
1070:,
1035:ng
1030:,
1021:,
1015:si
1012:,
1005:ca
1002:,
974:co
928:,
921:ca
918:,
884:et
882:ll
880:ba
877:,
870:ha
867:,
843:an
830:ck
828:ro
824:,
815:,
810:qu
806:,
782:et
771:in
764:,
760:et
753:,
743:,
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733:,
719:ɟʝ
705:be
698:er
691:,
679:,
672:ha
651:,
637:to
630:,
625:gu
620:,
617:no
613:si
610:,
572:gu
568:,
565:ua
558:,
524:ne
520:Da
517:,
493:er
491:th
482:mo
478:ri
475:,
469:se
466:,
459:ar
456:,
449:de
431:ay
421:ea
417:al
414:,
411:ar
407:an
404:,
379:,
365:to
358:,
351:vi
348:,
345:ol
338:,
331:be
302:ío
298:en
295:,
286:,
283:os
279:am
276:,
253:LA
248:EU
120:.
3016:e
3009:t
3002:v
2987:.
2967::
2947::
2920::
2879:.
2866:9
2836::
2811:~
2805:u
2803:H
2750:.
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2162:ˈ
2122:w
2101:w
2091:ü
2081:u
2079:a
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2069:H
2060:w
2048:y
2039:y
2029:i
2027:V
2019:j
1985:l
1981:c
1974:r
1970:t
1963:k
1959:l
1950:u
1948:p
1940:u
1928:o
1926:m
1918:o
1916:s
1914:o
1912:p
1904:o
1891:s
1883:p
1879:j
1871:y
1862:i
1860:p
1852:i
1840:e
1838:b
1829:e
1827:p
1819:e
1807:a
1805:f
1796:a
1794:p
1786:a
1735:l
1733:e
1727:a
1706:ʎ
1680:h
1670:x
1660:g
1651:j
1642:x
1621:e
1587:t
1585:s
1576:t
1567:t
1546:e
1544:g
1534:x
1502:ʃ
1490:(
1485:s
1477:(
1462:z
1454:a
1452:z
1442:z
1433:c
1424:s
1415:θ
1403:(
1398:s
1382:(
1366:s
1352:x
1343:s
1341:e
1335:a
1333:s
1323:s
1314:s
1299:(
1294:t
1292:a
1284:r
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1274:r
1264:r
1262:b
1254:ɾ
1236:r
1221:r
1213:a
1211:r
1203:o
1191:r
1182:r
1170:p
1168:s
1161:a
1159:p
1149:p
1140:p
1118:n
1108:ŋ
1085:n
1077:a
1075:ñ
1067:u
1065:ñ
1056:ɲ
1044:n
1026:m
1017:n
1009:a
1007:n
999:i
997:n
988:n
976:m
965:n
963:i
955:ɱ
943:m
933:m
931:á
925:a
923:m
913:m
904:m
892:l
874:a
872:l
862:l
853:l
841:c
839:s
819:k
812:e
801:c
792:k
780:j
769:g
758:j
748:i
746:h
738:y
730:a
728:y
707:y
696:g
685:j
676:a
674:y
664:ʝ
646:g
644:a
635:c
633:a
623:á
615:g
607:o
605:g
595:ɣ
583:g
581:a
563:g
553:g
544:ɡ
532:f
522:f
512:f
503:f
489:o
480:t
471:d
463:e
461:d
453:o
451:d
441:ð
429:d
419:d
409:d
399:d
390:d
374:b
372:a
363:p
361:a
355:a
353:v
343:b
335:é
333:b
323:β
311:b
309:a
300:v
290:v
281:b
271:b
262:b
192:s
149:ʎ
72:.
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