1959:
56:
20:
2355:
1927:, where women lived in seclusion, it was not a possibility for a manumitted woman to simply leave the house and walk about in the street, as a free unmarried woman without family would have no way to support herself. Instead, the manumission of a woman normally meant that a marriage was arranged for her; often, a male who freed a woman married her himself, or arranged for her to be married to another man.
1967:
1998:, or recruited within the empire. They were selected from among the most beautiful and intelligent girls, and came to the harem as children. They were converted to Islam upon their arrival, and given a new name. They were trained in the discipline of the palace harem, and in the accomplishments for which they had talent. They were then promoted according to their capacities.
1857:
The
Ottoman system formally followed the original Islamic law, but varied from it in practice. After the Ottoman Empire had conquered most of the Middle East, and after the borders to Christian Europe had come to a standstill, there was in practice few opportunities to capture women through warfare.
2049:
nor chosen as a sexual partner by the sultan, she was manumitted after nine years of service. In practice, her manumission would mean that a marriage was arranged for her, since an unmarried free woman without family had no means to support herself in the gender-segregated society of the
Ottoman
2110:
The number of women in the harem is contested and only possible to estimate during some periods. Contemporaries claimed that in 1573, there were 150 women in the New palace and 1,500 in the Old Palace, and that there were 1,100–1,200 in 1604–1607, but these numbers are likely overestimated. The
1930:
There was a difference between women bought to be domestic servants of Muslim women, and women bought by men; the slave women who were formally the property of a Muslim woman, although legally available for the master of the house, could also be sold by her female owner.
1554:
1875:. Being from non-Muslim countries, with whom the Ottoman Empire could be regarded to be in passive warfare, this was regarded equivalent to enslaved prisoners of war, and thus was perceived to be in accordance with Islamic law.
2115:
register is sometimes preserved, and notes that the harem contained 446 slave women during the reign of sultan Mahmud I (r.1730–1754), 720 during sultan Selim III (r. 1789–1808), and 473 during sultan Mahmud II (r.1808–1839).
2399:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1549:
2010:
in that they were all formally concubines to the sultan. However, in practice, they may never be chosen to share the bed of the sultan, so they often acted as the servants of the
1898:. While the Circassians were normally Muslim, the ban against the enslavement of Muslims was overlooked in their case, and their original Muslim status was an "open secret".
1807:
was a woman enslaved during warfare. This remained the formal definition of the term in the
Islamic world. The rights of the enslaved woman was regulated within Islamic law.
2385:
1675:
1539:
1070:
1424:
796:
533:
1160:
801:
1907:
was always regarded as sexually available for the master of the house, and if she bore a child by him, she could no longer be sold. It was common for a
1878:
When the
Crimean slave trade was closed after the Russian conquest of the Crimea in 1783 (and the Barbary slave trade in the early 19th-century), the
2402:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
493:
848:
1544:
1394:
2477:
875:
2171:
1781:
1621:
373:
823:
1594:
1414:
587:
2156:
1934:
In the first half of the 19th century, slavery had come to be regarded as morally wrong in the
Western world. The liberal Sultan
1752:
2467:
858:
276:
1436:
1113:
885:
2111:
actual number of women are estimated to have been 49 in 1574 and 433 in 1633. In the 18th- and 19th-century, the official
1628:
1589:
1232:
1670:
1307:
967:
818:
614:
523:
2410:
2339:
2325:
2311:
1690:
1384:
1138:
1828:
concubine could not be sold by her master to anyone else and would also be automatically emancipated after his death.
2423:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Turkish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1938:, who was affected by these views, included anti-slavery laws among his Westernized reforms, and formally banned the
1512:
1389:
813:
582:
449:
1643:
853:
838:
784:
469:
459:
454:
283:
139:
1359:
2462:
1638:
1409:
215:
2161:
1108:
1096:
676:
488:
134:
2252:
2284:
2239:
2181:
1785:
1680:
1463:
324:
2297:
2218:
2059:
with whom the sultan shared his bed became members of the dynasty and rose in rank to attain the status of
1958:
1824:
concubine and her master were born legally free and, due to being the mother of her master's children, the
1685:
1529:
1399:
1060:
828:
808:
368:
336:
1974:
55:
2186:
1820:
concubine had to obey her male owner as she would a husband. However, the children, male or female, of a
1745:
1695:
1419:
1337:
464:
245:
65:
1966:
2487:
1604:
1456:
1441:
1332:
528:
198:
1700:
1599:
1130:
1118:
708:
681:
186:
2492:
2418:
1480:
1349:
902:
691:
176:
77:
356:
2482:
2472:
1665:
1404:
1354:
1282:
1055:
833:
777:
760:
191:
1784:
in the
Islamic world of the Middle East. They are particularly known in history from the era of
1987:
1891:
1843:
1788:, where they existed until the early 20th century, when the Ottoman Imperial Harem was closed.
1738:
1707:
1212:
953:
865:
713:
437:
403:
398:
2439:
1842:
system existed in the
Ottoman Empire far into the 19th century and is most famous within the
1574:
1429:
1342:
1327:
1009:
997:
743:
728:
513:
288:
210:
181:
16:
Term used for enslaved female concubines in the Middle East, especially in the
Ottoman Empire
2131:
1712:
1616:
1579:
1507:
1451:
1320:
1277:
1091:
1021:
696:
476:
378:
262:
169:
8:
2166:
2126:
1995:
1991:
1872:
1868:
1200:
1180:
1065:
1050:
919:
890:
880:
770:
718:
686:
483:
341:
309:
304:
257:
114:
1884:
slave trade underwent yet another transformation. From this point on, a majority of the
1924:
1446:
1292:
1267:
1257:
1222:
1217:
1185:
1150:
1143:
1084:
1077:
934:
753:
748:
738:
508:
361:
319:
314:
267:
235:
225:
162:
2101:
could leave or enter the premises of the harem without the explicit permission of the
383:
329:
2414:
1895:
1534:
1252:
1247:
1190:
1175:
1155:
977:
972:
907:
870:
703:
669:
498:
351:
240:
119:
19:
1867:
was instead provided to the
Ottoman slave market from Christian Europe through the
1724:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1262:
1227:
1195:
1165:
1038:
1026:
1004:
982:
929:
765:
733:
35:
2151:
2073:
2061:
1851:
1769:
1633:
1524:
1519:
1272:
1242:
1237:
960:
924:
723:
641:
346:
92:
2006:
had the lowest rank of the women in the Imperial Harem. They differed from the
1717:
1611:
503:
144:
102:
2456:
2176:
2146:
2136:
2084:
2079:
2067:
2011:
1847:
1655:
1584:
1031:
1014:
789:
619:
609:
393:
43:
2033:
1935:
1660:
1497:
1473:
1379:
1372:
1103:
631:
604:
567:
545:
432:
149:
129:
107:
97:
87:
82:
72:
2340:
Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial ...
2326:
Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial ...
2312:
Life after the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial ...
912:
2432:
2219:
Slavery in the Modern World: A History of Political, Social, and Economic
1914:
1811:
1502:
1490:
843:
646:
636:
594:
408:
2421:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1650:
947:
651:
518:
2240:
Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference
1861:
Because of the general ban for enslavement of Muslims, the non-Muslim
1810:
In Islamic law, the enslavement of a woman was the only case in which
2367:
2095:
of the sultan's father and rose to the supreme rank in the harem. No
2089:, the legal mother of the sultan, who herself used to be a wife or a
2007:
1944:
slavery system. This was, however, a formal ban, and in reality, the
1923:
was free to simply leave the household. In a Muslim society based on
895:
560:
422:
577:
1485:
1043:
987:
939:
599:
444:
299:
205:
1468:
550:
230:
47:
2396:
1777:
1170:
992:
572:
555:
252:
220:
2191:
2141:
2027:
427:
413:
388:
1780:") was a title and term used for category of enslaved women
294:
124:
2025:
who proved to be a valuable servant could be promoted to
1950:
continued informally until the end of the 19th century.
2282:
Fanny Davis, Sema Gurun, Mary E. Esch, Bruce Van Leer:
2083:('the favorite consort'). The highest position was the
2392:
2388:
a machine-translated version of the Turkish article.
2285:
The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918
1425:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
2454:
1540:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
2417:accompanying your translation by providing an
2379:Click for important translation instructions.
2366:expand this article with text translated from
1917:). However, a manumission did not mean that a
2102:
2096:
2090:
2054:
2044:
2038:
2020:
2001:
1981:
1945:
1939:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1885:
1879:
1862:
1837:
1815:
1802:
1746:
2016:, and the wives and children of the sultan.
1545:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
2172:History of concubinage in the Muslim world
1814:was legally permitted. A woman taken as a
1753:
1739:
1953:
1965:
1957:
1850:. It has often been translated to mean "
1550:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1415:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1395:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
18:
2157:List of Ottoman titles and appellations
1890:were Circassians from Caucasus via the
2455:
2037:, which meant she earned wages. If a
1437:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1114:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
2348:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2210:
2208:
1894:, with a minor part coming from the
1629:Slave marriages in the United States
1233:Human trafficking in the Middle East
1773:
968:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
13:
2478:Concubines from the Ottoman Empire
1796:
1622:last survivors of American slavery
14:
2504:
2269:
2224:
2205:
1831:
583:Field slaves in the United States
450:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
2353:
2298:The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire
1801:The general meaning of the term
460:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
455:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
284:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
54:
1410:Committee of Experts on Slavery
961:East, Southeast, and South Asia
2427:You may also add the template
2331:
2317:
2303:
2290:
2245:
1109:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
2468:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
2198:
2182:What your right hands possess
2077:('the mother of a child') or
1400:Temporary Slavery Commission
1061:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
7:
2187:Women in the Ottoman Empire
2162:Ottoman Sultans' concubines
2119:
1420:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
465:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
10:
2509:
2391:Machine translation, like
1791:
1605:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1442:Anti-Slavery International
1207:North Africa and West Asia
2368:the corresponding article
1975:Gustave Léonard de Jonghe
1701:Emancipation Proclamation
1373:Opposition and resistance
1131:Sex trafficking in Europe
1119:Blackbirding in Polynesia
682:Trans-Saharan slave trade
2429:{{Translated|tr|Cariye}}
2043:was neither promoted to
1481:Compensated emancipation
692:Indian Ocean slave trade
2438:For more guidance, see
1405:1926 Slavery Convention
1161:Germany in World War II
778:North and South America
300:Contract of manumission
2463:Ottoman imperial harem
2103:
2097:
2091:
2055:
2045:
2039:
2021:
2002:
1988:Ottoman Imperial Harem
1986:were provided for the
1982:
1978:
1963:
1954:Ottoman Imperial Harem
1946:
1940:
1919:
1909:
1903:
1892:Circassian slave trade
1886:
1880:
1863:
1844:Ottoman Imperial Harem
1838:
1816:
1803:
886:British Virgin Islands
438:Circassian slave trade
404:Safavid imperial harem
399:Ottoman Imperial Harem
28:
27:or imperial concubine.
2440:Knowledge:Translation
2411:copyright attribution
2216:Junius P. Rodriguez:
1971:A Reclining Odalisque
1969:
1961:
1125:Europe and North Asia
1085:Australia and Oceania
785:Pre-Columbian America
357:Slave raid of Suðuroy
289:Slavery in al-Andalus
211:Black Sea slave trade
140:21st-century jihadism
22:
2337:Betül İpşirli Argit:
2323:Betül İpşirli Argit:
2309:Betül İpşirli Argit:
2132:Concubinage in Islam
1580:Indentured servitude
1508:Underground Railroad
1308:United Arab Emirates
697:Zanzibar slave trade
664:By country or region
477:Atlantic slave trade
379:Ma malakat aymanukum
263:Venetian slave trade
2167:Rape in Islamic law
2127:Circassian beauties
2071:('the fortunate'),
1996:Barbary slave trade
1992:Crimean slave trade
1873:Barbary slave trade
1869:Crimean slave trade
1666:Slave Route Project
797:Americas indigenous
687:Red Sea slave trade
677:Contemporary Africa
540:Topics and practice
310:Crimean slave trade
305:Bukhara slave trade
258:Genoese slave trade
135:Contemporary Africa
115:Forced prostitution
2419:interlanguage link
2065:('the favorite'),
1979:
1964:
1925:gender segregation
1447:Blockade of Africa
754:Somali slave trade
670:Sub-Saharan Africa
362:Turkish Abductions
320:Khivan slave trade
315:Khazar slave trade
268:Balkan slave trade
226:Prague slave trade
29:
2488:Women and slavery
2451:
2450:
2380:
2376:
1962:"Great Odalisque"
1896:white slave trade
1763:
1762:
1713:Freedmen's Bureau
1535:Third Servile War
1530:International law
1097:Human trafficking
859:Human trafficking
534:Thirteen colonies
352:Sack of Baltimore
120:Human trafficking
2500:
2430:
2424:
2397:Google Translate
2378:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2257:Oxford Reference
2249:
2243:
2237:Madeline Zilfi:
2235:
2222:
2214:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2058:
2048:
2042:
2024:
2005:
1985:
1949:
1943:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1889:
1883:
1866:
1841:
1819:
1806:
1775:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1725:Emancipation Day
1558:
1525:Slave Trade Acts
216:Byzantine Empire
58:
31:
30:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2493:Islam and women
2453:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2428:
2422:
2381:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2304:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2225:
2215:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2122:
1956:
1852:lady-in-waiting
1834:
1799:
1797:General meaning
1794:
1759:
1730:
1729:
1634:Slave narrative
1590:Fugitive slaves
1570:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1520:Slave rebellion
1375:
1365:
1364:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1135:United Kingdom
1071:Yankee princess
665:
657:
656:
384:Avret Pazarları
330:Avret Pazarları
199:Medieval Europe
165:
155:
154:
93:Forced marriage
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Sexual slavery
2480:
2475:
2473:Ottoman titles
2470:
2465:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2425:
2403:
2400:
2389:
2382:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2330:
2316:
2302:
2289:
2268:
2253:"Umm al-Walad"
2244:
2223:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2118:
1955:
1952:
1833:
1832:Ottoman Empire
1830:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1786:Ottoman Empire
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1612:List of slaves
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Dutch Republic
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
980:
975:
970:
964:
963:
957:
956:
951:
944:
943:
942:
937:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
873:
868:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
806:
805:
804:
794:
793:
792:
781:
780:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
757:
756:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
700:
699:
689:
684:
679:
673:
672:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
628:
627:
623:
622:
617:
615:Child soldiers
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
591:
590:
580:
575:
570:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
542:
541:
537:
536:
531:
526:
524:Spanish Empire
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:Middle Passage
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
479:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
366:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
334:
333:
332:
325:Ottoman Empire
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
260:
255:
250:
249:
248:
243:
238:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
202:
201:
195:
194:
189:
184:
179:
173:
172:
166:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
145:Sexual slavery
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
111:
110:
105:
103:Child marriage
100:
90:
85:
80:
78:Child soldiers
75:
69:
64:
63:
60:
59:
51:
50:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2505:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2364:You can help
2360:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Valide Sultan
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Kadın (title)
2150:
2148:
2147:Ikbal (title)
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Haseki Sultan
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2104:valide sultan
2099:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:valide sultan
2082:
2081:
2080:haseki sultan
2076:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:valide sultan
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1973:, painted by
1972:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1913:to be freed (
1911:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:Ottoman court
1845:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Slave catcher
1654:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1585:Forced labour
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:Abolitionists
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:comfort women
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:Chukri System
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
904:
903:Latin America
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
860:
857:
855:
854:interregional
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:prison labour
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
809:United States
807:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
791:
788:
787:
786:
783:
782:
779:
776:
775:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
667:
661:
660:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
621:
620:White slavery
618:
616:
613:
611:
610:Slave raiding
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
579:
578:Corvée labour
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:
543:
539:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
478:
475:
474:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
394:Abbasid harem
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
337:Barbary Coast
335:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
274:
269:
266:
265:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
159:
158:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
67:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:Forced labour
42:
41:
37:
33:
32:
26:
21:
2415:edit summary
2406:
2373:
2365:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:
2247:
2238:
2217:
2112:
2109:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2000:
1990:through the
1980:
1970:
1936:Abdulmejid I
1933:
1929:
1900:
1877:
1860:
1856:
1835:
1825:
1821:
1809:
1800:
1765:
1764:
1661:Slave patrol
1498:Freedom suit
1474:Sierra Leone
1464:Colonization
1380:Abolitionism
1360:Baháʼí Faith
1333:Christianity
1283:Saudi Arabia
1139:Penal Labour
1104:Blackbirding
1010:Debt bondage
998:penal system
824:Contemporary
814:Field slaves
802:U.S. Natives
761:South Africa
632:Galley slave
605:Slave market
595:House slaves
568:Blackbirding
546:Conscription
470:21st century
433:Umm al-walad
417:
277:Muslim world
246:Emancipation
150:Wage slavery
130:Penal labour
108:Wife selling
98:Bride buying
83:Conscription
73:Child Labour
66:Contemporary
24:
2375:(June 2020)
1812:concubinage
1676:court cases
1553: [
1503:Slave Power
1491:Manumission
1338:Catholicism
1213:Afghanistan
954:Puerto Rico
866:The Bahamas
844:Slave codes
647:Shanghaiing
637:Impressment
529:Slave Coast
409:Qajar harem
369:Concubinage
342:slave trade
2457:Categories
2370:in Turkish
2262:2021-10-21
2199:References
1915:manumitted
1782:concubines
1691:J.Q. Adams
1681:Washington
1651:Slave name
1600:convention
1575:Common law
948:Encomienda
744:Seychelles
729:Mauritania
652:Slave ship
519:Panyarring
514:New France
163:Historical
2433:talk page
2008:odalisque
1977:, c. 1870
1686:Jefferson
1343:Mormonism
1278:Palestine
1092:Australia
1022:Indonesia
913:Lei Áurea
896:Code Noir
876:Caribbean
849:Treatment
588:Treatment
561:Devshirme
423:Odalisque
241:In Russia
182:Babylonia
170:Antiquity
2409:provide
2120:See also
2050:Empire.
1994:and the
1871:and the
1718:Iron bit
1708:40 acres
1671:breeding
1486:Freedman
1321:Religion
1181:Portugal
1066:Thailand
1056:Maldives
1051:Malaysia
1044:Kwalliso
988:Booi Aha
940:Restavek
920:Colombia
891:Trinidad
881:Barbados
771:Zanzibar
719:Ethiopia
600:Saqaliba
494:Database
445:Saqaliba
206:Ancillae
36:a series
34:Part of
2431:to the
2413:in the
2372:.
2113:mevacib
2056:cariyes
1846:of the
1792:History
1696:Lincoln
1569:Related
1469:Liberia
1355:Judaism
1293:Tunisia
1268:Morocco
1258:Lebanon
1223:Bahrain
1218:Algeria
1186:Romania
1151:Denmark
1144:Slavery
1078:Vietnam
749:Somalia
739:Nigeria
714:Comoros
642:Pirates
551:Ghilman
484:Bristol
374:history
347:pirates
236:History
125:Peonage
48:slavery
2098:cariye
2092:cariye
2040:cariye
2022:cariye
2003:Cariye
1983:Cariye
1947:cariye
1941:cariye
1920:cariye
1910:cariye
1904:cariye
1887:cariye
1881:cariye
1864:cariye
1839:cariye
1826:cariye
1822:cariye
1817:cariye
1804:cariye
1778:Jariya
1770:Arabic
1766:Cariye
1617:owners
1253:Kuwait
1248:Jordan
1201:Sweden
1191:Russia
1176:Poland
1171:Norway
993:Laogai
978:Brunei
973:Bhutan
935:revolt
908:Brazil
871:Canada
834:partus
819:female
704:Angola
573:Coolie
556:Mamluk
509:Nantes
489:Brazil
418:Cariye
253:Thrall
221:Kholop
187:Greece
25:cariye
2393:DeepL
2192:Jarya
2142:Hatun
2074:kadin
2068:ikbal
2062:gözde
2046:kalfa
2028:kalfa
1774:جارية
1644:songs
1639:films
1557:]
1513:songs
1350:Islam
1328:Bible
1303:Yemen
1298:Qatar
1288:Syria
1263:Libya
1228:Egypt
1196:Spain
1166:Malta
1039:Korea
1027:Japan
1005:India
983:China
930:Haiti
790:Aztec
766:Sudan
734:Niger
626:Naval
499:Dutch
428:Qiyan
414:Jarya
389:Harem
231:Serfs
177:Egypt
2407:must
2405:You
2386:View
2053:The
2034:usta
1901:The
1836:The
1595:laws
1457:U.S.
1452:U.K.
1390:U.S.
1385:U.K.
1273:Oman
1243:Iraq
1238:Iran
925:Cuba
829:maps
724:Mali
709:Chad
295:Baqt
192:Rome
88:Debt
46:and
2395:or
2031:or
1854:".
1776:, "
2459::
2271:^
2255:.
2226:^
2207:^
2107:.
2019:A
1772::
1555:fa
38:on
23:A
2442:.
2435:.
2265:.
1768:(
1754:e
1747:t
1740:v
950:)
946:(
416:/
291:
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
