2308:
7471:
5516:
5536:
251:
2812:
2789:
denying to members of a racial group or groups basic human rights and freedoms, including the right to work, the right to form recognised trade unions, the right to education, the right to leave and to return to their country, the right to a nationality, the right to freedom of movement and residence, the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association;
7481:
5526:
2735:
set to join in
October 2008), and a further 40 countries have signed but not yet ratified the treaty. However, many of the world's most populous nations, including China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Pakistan are not parties to the court and therefore are not subject to its jurisdiction,
2699:
Seventy-six other countries subsequently signed on, but a number of nations, including
Western democracies, have neither signed nor ratified the ICSPCA, including Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. In explanation
2648:
which existed after 1948. Complaints about the system were brought to the United
Nations as early as 12 July 1948 when Padmanabha Pillai, the representative of India to the United Nations, circulated a letter to the secretary-general expressing his concerns over treatment of ethnic Indians within the
2841:
the term "racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and
3228:
Statement by
Ambassador Clarence Clyde Ferguson Jr. before General Assembly in explanation of vote on Apartheid Convention, 30 November 1973. Review of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights: Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements of the House Foreign Affairs
2788:
Any legislative measures and other measures calculated to prevent a racial group or groups from participation in the political, social, economic and cultural life of the country and the deliberate creation of conditions preventing the full development of such a group or groups, in particular by
2718:
The ICC came into being on 1 July 2002, and can only prosecute crimes committed on or after that date. The court can generally only exercise jurisdiction in cases where the accused is a national of a state party, the alleged crime took place on the territory of a state party, or a situation is
2888:
The 'crime of apartheid' means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of
2792:
Any measures including legislative measures, designed to divide the population along racial lines by the creation of separate reserves and ghettos for the members of a racial group or groups, the prohibition of mixed marriages among members of various racial groups, the expropriation of landed
2672:
agreed on the text of the
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ICSPCA). The convention has 31 signatories and 107 parties. The convention came into force in 1976 after 20 countries had ratified it. They were: Benin, Bulgaria, Chad,
2723:. The ICC exercises complimentary jurisdiction. Many of the member states have provided their own national courts with universal jurisdiction over the same offenses and do not recognize any statute of limitations for crimes against humanity. As of July 2008, 106 countries are
2758:
and discrimination as practiced in southern Africa, shall apply to the following inhumane acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them:
4375:
2997:
3629:
4335:
2704:
said: "e cannot... accept that apartheid can in this manner be made a crime against humanity. Crimes against humanity are so grave in nature that they must be meticulously elaborated and strictly construed under existing international law..."
4260:
2571:
6497:
1210:
3509:
2696:, with a scope that went far beyond South Africa. While the crime of apartheid is most often associated with the racist policies of South Africa after 1948, the term more generally refers to racially based policies in any state."
2268:. It defined the crime of apartheid as "inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them".
2265:
2771:
By the infliction upon the members of a racial group or groups of serious bodily or mental harm, by the infringement of their freedom or dignity, or by subjecting them to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
4270:
2745:
2982:
4355:
4240:
2907:
2825:
4225:
4122:
4235:
2815:
Signatories to the 1973 International
Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid: parties in dark green, signed but not ratified in light green, non-members in grey
2724:
3630:
Richard Falk:Report of the
Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Report to the UN General Assembly, 30.August 2010, sec. 5
6471:
2466:
1176:
3625:
Human
Sciences Research Council: Occupation, Colonialism, Apartheid? A re-assessment of Israel's practices in the occupied Palestinian territories under international law. Cape Town 2009
2834:
2903:
4084:
3270:
3207:
2615:
7515:
4345:
4285:
4148:
3021:
Jackson, Miles (2022). "The
Definition of Apartheid in Customary International Law and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination".
2561:
2279:
although there is still debate as to whether it is criminalized as well. Legal scholars
Gerhard Kemp and Windell Nortje noted that in 2021, two individuals (former members of
3241:
3624:
3301:
2708:
In 1977, Addition Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions designated apartheid as a grave breach of the protocol and a war crime. There are 169 parties to the protocol.
4654:
2327:
69:
6960:
4154:
1677:
4689:
4370:
3463:
6021:
718:
30:
This article is about the crime of Apartheid as defined in international law. For the system of racial segregation that formerly existed in South Africa, see
4250:
3635:
Human Rights Watch Report: Separate and Unequal. Israel's Discriminatory Treatment of Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, December 19, 2010
5307:
4481:
4280:
4192:
4171:
4077:
3128:
3057:
6224:
2608:
929:
3661:
2448:
2294:
2347:
7355:
6738:
5459:
2088:
1451:
6175:
4649:
4444:
3257:
2881:
2238:
2220:
880:
64:
3157:
2862:
means "any group of people who are defined by reference to their race, colour, nationality (including citizenship) or ethnic or national origin".
4315:
4160:
4070:
2376:
6096:
4679:
4275:
2601:
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2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
793:
4419:
3367:
6743:
5259:
4429:
2645:
1456:
6713:
6317:
5859:
5242:
4424:
4245:
1426:
1022:
548:
6006:
4659:
4181:
4133:
3274:
703:
74:
5429:
4546:
4230:
4176:
4008:
2754:
For the purpose of the present Convention, the term 'the crime of apartheid', which shall include similar policies and practices of
2657:
and many decided that a formal legal framework was needed in order to apply international pressure on the South African government.
7510:
5941:
5829:
5572:
5145:
4474:
3680:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
3394:
2686:
2352:
630:
518:
5165:
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2471:
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6180:
5951:
5779:
5764:
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5605:
5501:
4143:
4093:
3714:
3654:
2189:
885:
640:
468:
453:
448:
278:
217:
2799:
Persecution of organizations and persons, by depriving them of fundamental rights and freedoms, because they oppose apartheid.
7484:
6011:
5744:
4255:
4127:
3550:
3419:
2851:
2254:
708:
433:
3298:
6519:
5834:
5656:
3882:
2576:
2213:
1232:
523:
337:
7165:
6835:
6748:
6639:
6307:
6127:
5769:
5754:
4914:
4467:
4362:
4330:
4041:
3993:
3764:
2957:
2796:
Exploitation of the labour of the members of a racial group or groups, in particular by submitting them to forced labour;
2629:
1890:
1548:
1461:
1352:
1012:
830:
458:
443:
2910:, including "racial segregation and apartheid". HRW declared that "World Court Finds Israel Responsible for Apartheid".
6733:
6207:
4516:
4439:
4340:
2668:
together submitted early drafts of a convention to deal with the suppression and punishment of apartheid. In 1973, the
1446:
912:
120:
3096:"Letter from the representative of India to the Secretary-General concerning the treatment of Indians in South Africa"
6381:
6212:
5708:
5686:
5346:
5329:
4791:
4166:
3647:
3455:
3430:
3191:
1086:
917:
389:
367:
17:
3095:
7118:
6955:
6855:
6312:
6202:
5539:
5295:
5264:
5160:
3151:"Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat of the United Nations"
2423:
2400:
2322:
1843:
1672:
1568:
1017:
907:
3321:
6708:
6219:
5981:
5784:
5247:
2720:
2484:
2394:
2332:
2261:
2206:
1421:
924:
678:
473:
2283:) became the first persons ever to be prosecuted for the crime of apartheid under customary international law.
5844:
5419:
5276:
4720:
4664:
4402:
4321:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
4226:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
4213:
4046:
3943:
3699:
2899:
2715:
provides for individual criminal responsibility for crimes against humanity, including the crime of apartheid.
2280:
533:
185:
79:
44:
5986:
683:
7387:
7103:
5824:
4536:
4380:
3338:
Metraux, A. (1950). "United nations Economic and Security Council Statement by Experts on Problems of Race".
2438:
2120:
1828:
513:
6666:
6614:
5595:
5565:
5489:
5351:
5341:
5334:
5138:
4684:
4669:
4498:
3983:
2875:
2712:
1379:
1327:
268:
84:
7505:
7298:
7150:
6569:
6170:
6116:
5366:
5182:
4756:
4725:
4506:
4356:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
3809:
3719:
2701:
2276:
2031:
1875:
1282:
875:
813:
2781:
Deliberate imposition on a racial group or groups of living conditions calculated to cause its or their
7407:
6192:
5879:
5610:
5123:
4562:
4490:
3686:
3150:
2678:
2342:
2140:
897:
568:
283:
210:
190:
35:
2653:. As it became more widely known, South African apartheid was condemned internationally as unjust and
6760:
6574:
6476:
6361:
6028:
5996:
5666:
5600:
5439:
5283:
4715:
4031:
3973:
2764:
Denial to a member or members of a racial group or groups of the right to life and liberty of person
2587:
1473:
1287:
1181:
1066:
725:
693:
347:
273:
3124:
Southern Africa Vol. 1: United Nations-Organization of African Unity Conference Oslo 9–14 April 1973
2842:
fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
2257:
over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime".
7020:
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6755:
6524:
6461:
6289:
6244:
6106:
5991:
5973:
5909:
5839:
5723:
5056:
4381:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
3988:
3953:
3898:
3784:
2307:
1737:
1625:
1468:
1237:
1166:
994:
949:
803:
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668:
598:
528:
404:
135:
7474:
7303:
7283:
7145:
7135:
7093:
6723:
6564:
6426:
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6391:
6334:
6269:
6254:
6187:
6160:
6145:
5558:
5529:
5449:
5254:
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5172:
4899:
4573:
4350:
4138:
3694:
3371:
3340:
2428:
2418:
2337:
2242:
2036:
2016:
1870:
1860:
1818:
1436:
1277:
1131:
1101:
1096:
1039:
974:
959:
892:
865:
850:
234:
130:
6371:
3260:
specifically lists the "crime of apartheid" as one of eleven recognized crimes against humanity.
2806:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, Article II
1076:
7402:
7375:
7365:
6845:
6825:
6688:
6559:
6456:
6406:
6376:
6356:
6284:
6264:
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6229:
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6084:
6060:
6055:
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5641:
5414:
5317:
5237:
5066:
5007:
4909:
4806:
4749:
4730:
4705:
4598:
4261:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
3724:
3709:
3122:
2693:
2135:
2108:
2098:
1558:
1538:
1401:
1272:
1161:
1111:
1081:
1061:
989:
969:
944:
939:
934:
845:
808:
781:
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752:
332:
322:
7370:
7330:
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7035:
6790:
6554:
6466:
6441:
6436:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6351:
6299:
6259:
6165:
6135:
6038:
5661:
5469:
5361:
5356:
5271:
5232:
5039:
5034:
4187:
4036:
3844:
3834:
3799:
2650:
2433:
2103:
2063:
1996:
1885:
1833:
1752:
1503:
1267:
1171:
1146:
1141:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1056:
1004:
964:
870:
840:
735:
342:
203:
3058:"Human Rights Watch Responds: Reflections on Apartheid and Persecution in International Law"
7241:
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6649:
6366:
6324:
6274:
6249:
6070:
6033:
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5636:
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5290:
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4841:
4826:
4811:
4674:
4531:
4265:
4117:
3963:
3923:
3804:
2581:
2388:
2357:
1974:
1488:
1362:
1071:
1029:
979:
954:
767:
730:
463:
317:
8:
7417:
7278:
6913:
6815:
6795:
6584:
6492:
6451:
6431:
6401:
6294:
6089:
5904:
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5199:
5078:
4831:
4631:
4578:
4541:
4414:
4062:
4013:
3734:
3729:
3704:
3082:
2669:
2250:
2150:
2011:
1630:
1528:
1508:
1297:
1205:
1156:
1136:
1106:
999:
786:
593:
2926:
2775:
By arbitrary arrest and illegal imprisonment of the members of a racial group or groups;
2266:
The International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
7520:
7190:
7185:
7175:
7123:
7113:
7088:
7030:
6988:
6893:
6888:
6800:
6101:
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5454:
5113:
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5012:
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4851:
4615:
4610:
4521:
4434:
4051:
3928:
3854:
3749:
2755:
2272:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1848:
1838:
1813:
1747:
1705:
1612:
1607:
1513:
798:
125:
4271:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
7449:
7360:
7288:
7273:
7072:
7015:
6820:
6728:
6619:
6539:
6386:
5691:
5133:
5098:
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4939:
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4846:
4816:
4526:
3958:
3918:
3871:
3819:
3744:
3546:
3529:
3487:
Eden, P. (2014). "The Role of the Rome Statute in the Criminalization of Apartheid".
3187:
3038:
2182:
2093:
2021:
2006:
1789:
1732:
1533:
1441:
1332:
1252:
1091:
372:
4266:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
2746:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
2681:(East Germany), Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Mongolia, Poland, Qatar, Somalia, Syria, the
7412:
7397:
7325:
7246:
7216:
7047:
6883:
6589:
6155:
6150:
6001:
5899:
5227:
5204:
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5177:
5155:
5118:
5108:
5093:
5083:
5002:
4997:
4974:
4964:
4644:
4593:
4376:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
3948:
3864:
3829:
3606:
3583:
3573:
3521:
3496:
3349:
3030:
2145:
2130:
2058:
1979:
1949:
1764:
1602:
1302:
860:
855:
698:
588:
59:
4236:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
3353:
3215:
7427:
7335:
7231:
7180:
7040:
7025:
7005:
6970:
6683:
6594:
6529:
6329:
6279:
6065:
5924:
5519:
5484:
5376:
5209:
5128:
5103:
5071:
5061:
5029:
5024:
4919:
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4856:
4821:
4801:
4786:
4710:
4511:
4320:
4026:
3978:
3938:
3839:
3789:
3597:
Sitze, Adam (2019). "The crime of apartheid: genealogy of a successful failure".
3325:
3305:
3245:
2908:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2906:, gave an advisory opinion which found that Israel was in breach of Article 3 of
2826:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2160:
2068:
1964:
1905:
1757:
1742:
1722:
1687:
1396:
1307:
1242:
1034:
984:
762:
613:
3525:
3398:
7422:
7380:
7350:
7340:
7258:
7251:
7236:
7226:
7062:
6998:
6940:
6935:
6920:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6579:
6514:
6043:
6016:
5869:
5581:
5496:
5150:
5019:
3968:
3893:
3849:
2831:
2674:
2155:
2113:
2083:
2073:
1991:
1984:
1969:
1959:
1779:
1715:
1657:
1652:
1637:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1292:
1227:
740:
713:
558:
242:
3319:
UN International Convention on the Elimination of All of Racial Discrimination
3034:
2949:
2636:
7499:
7434:
7057:
6993:
6978:
6840:
6805:
6785:
6656:
6599:
6534:
5946:
5849:
5312:
4959:
4924:
4836:
4796:
4459:
4123:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
3998:
3933:
3814:
3533:
3042:
2846:
This definition does not make any difference between discrimination based on
2167:
1774:
1710:
1695:
1553:
1518:
1498:
1369:
1312:
1247:
635:
538:
178:
2983:"International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of
7268:
7155:
6983:
6950:
6930:
6860:
6850:
6830:
6810:
6446:
6344:
6339:
6075:
6050:
5914:
5854:
5819:
5789:
5479:
5324:
4551:
3908:
3903:
3794:
3671:
3639:
3510:"Chapter 5: The Practices of Apartheid as a War Crime: A Critical Analysis"
2871:
2855:
2732:
2661:
2001:
1880:
1700:
1667:
1647:
1573:
1563:
1543:
1523:
1151:
1049:
1044:
772:
747:
603:
543:
508:
478:
155:
150:
3610:
3500:
2854:, in part because the distinction between the two remains debatable among
7170:
7130:
7098:
6965:
6925:
6765:
6678:
6629:
6604:
6504:
6197:
5936:
5919:
5874:
5794:
5404:
5371:
4949:
4929:
3774:
3099:
2566:
2443:
1895:
1855:
1823:
1682:
1642:
1478:
1391:
1342:
1317:
1217:
902:
625:
608:
563:
483:
145:
3238:
See Article 85(4) and 85(5) of Additional Protocol 1, dated 8 June 1977
2950:"Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid"
7444:
7439:
7320:
7315:
7211:
7195:
7052:
6945:
6903:
6865:
6673:
6661:
6634:
6624:
6544:
5963:
5958:
5929:
5864:
5713:
5300:
4954:
4944:
4881:
3779:
3588:
3318:
2246:
2245:"committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic
2177:
2172:
2053:
2048:
1944:
1920:
1769:
1662:
1620:
1578:
1386:
1374:
1347:
1337:
1257:
652:
647:
618:
553:
394:
173:
140:
3578:
3561:
7345:
7293:
7010:
6609:
5739:
5464:
5399:
4904:
4620:
3759:
3395:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Part 2, Article 7"
2847:
2793:
property belonging to a racial group or groups or to members thereof;
2641:
2299:
2078:
2026:
1727:
1322:
428:
102:
31:
7310:
7140:
7067:
6718:
6644:
6549:
6509:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5809:
5804:
5749:
5434:
4588:
4241:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
4021:
3859:
3562:"The Crime against Humanity of Apartheid in a Post-Apartheid World"
2835:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2782:
2728:
2043:
1865:
1784:
1431:
1357:
1262:
1222:
583:
578:
573:
498:
493:
438:
5814:
5718:
5698:
5671:
5646:
5550:
5394:
3824:
3769:
3754:
3739:
3634:
2811:
2275:
and legal scholar Miles Jackson, apartheid is also prohibited in
503:
399:
379:
352:
327:
250:
6770:
5799:
5703:
5681:
5676:
5626:
4772:
4605:
2665:
2654:
1483:
488:
384:
362:
357:
307:
4286:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
4149:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
3120:
2739:
6780:
5631:
5409:
4105:
1493:
312:
3543:
International Conflict and Security Law: A Research Handbook
3297:
Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General:
2750:
Article II of the ICSPCA defines the crime of apartheid as:
7392:
7221:
2865:
2682:
2125:
1954:
4092:
2904:
case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories
4741:
4655:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2819:
70:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
4155:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
2927:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998"
4690:
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
2954:
United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
3184:
The International Law Commission of the United Nations
3083:
https://academic.oup.com/jicj/article/21/2/405/7231934
7516:
International opposition to apartheid in South Africa
4251:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4167:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
3368:"Racist and Religious Crime – CPS Prosecution Policy"
4346:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4281:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4172:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
3456:"World Court Finds Israel Responsible for Apartheid"
3431:"World Court Finds Israel Responsible for Apartheid"
4645:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)
4400:
4032:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
3186:. University of South Carolina Press. p. 27.
2700:of the US vote against the convention, Ambassador
7356:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
5460:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2768:By murder of members of a racial group or groups;
2241:as inhumane acts of a character similar to other
2089:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
7497:
4675:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
4650:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
4445:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3541:Kemp, Gerhard (2022). "The Crime of Apartheid".
3299:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3258:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
2882:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
65:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
7016:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
4161:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
3271:"Database of National Implementing Legislation"
1733:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
27:Crime of racial oppression in international law
6498:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
4489:
4276:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
3392:
2644:for 'apartness', was the official name of the
1211:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
5566:
4757:
4475:
4420:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
4078:
3655:
3127:. Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.
3023:International & Comparative Law Quarterly
2977:
2975:
2609:
2214:
211:
4430:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
4316:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3669:
3121:Olav Stokke and Carl Widstrand, ed. (1973).
6714:List of people killed for being transgender
4425:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
4246:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
3700:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
2740:ICSPCA definition of the crime of apartheid
2239:Statute of the International Criminal Court
1427:List of people killed for being transgender
5573:
5559:
4764:
4750:
4660:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
4482:
4468:
4182:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4134:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
4085:
4071:
3662:
3648:
3545:. T.M.C. Asser Press. pp. 1073–1091.
3514:Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law
2972:
2685:, the United Arab Emirates, Tanzania, and
2646:South African system of racial segregation
2616:
2602:
2221:
2207:
218:
204:
75:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
5430:Interminority racism in the United States
4680:Special Panels of the Dili District Court
4107:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
3587:
3577:
3489:Journal of International Criminal Justice
3386:
2692:"As such, apartheid was declared to be a
5830:Social determinants of health in poverty
4336:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
3289:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2866:ICC definition of the crime of apartheid
2810:
2281:apartheid South Africa's security police
519:Social determinants of health in poverty
3914:Right to an adequate standard of living
3559:
3337:
3055:
3020:
2858:. Similarly, in British law the phrase
14:
7498:
5502:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
4144:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
4094:International human rights instruments
3715:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
3181:
3093:
2820:UN definition of racial discrimination
2670:General Assembly of the United Nations
2467:1964 Conference for Economic Sanctions
2449:UN Special Committee against Apartheid
2264:opened for signature and ratification
5554:
4745:
4463:
4399:
4302:
4256:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4211:
4210:
4193:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4128:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4104:
4066:
3643:
3596:
2937:
2736:except by security council referral.
7480:
6520:Capital punishment for homosexuality
5835:Social determinants of mental health
5525:
3540:
3507:
3486:
3466:from the original on August 21, 2024
3163:from the original on 25 October 2019
2884:defines the crime of apartheid as:
2577:Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute
2472:1978 World Conference against Racism
1233:Capital punishment for homosexuality
524:Social determinants of mental health
6640:Genital modification and mutilation
4915:Discrimination based on nationality
4363:American Convention on Human Rights
3094:Pillai, Padmanabha (12 July 1948).
2630:Allegations of apartheid by country
1353:Genital modification and mutilation
24:
5580:
4341:European Convention on Nationality
3599:London Review of International Law
3480:
3208:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
3081:Gerhard Kemp & Windell Nortje
2348:International anti-apartheid music
25:
7532:
4331:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
3835:Right to refuse medical treatment
3618:
3131:from the original on 13 June 2022
7479:
7470:
7469:
7119:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
6956:Law for Protection of the Nation
6856:White genocide conspiracy theory
5534:
5524:
5515:
5514:
4303:
2424:Artists United Against Apartheid
2401:Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act
2306:
1844:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1673:Law for Protection of the Nation
1569:White genocide conspiracy theory
249:
7511:Crimes against humanity by type
6961:MSM blood donation restrictions
6709:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
5535:
3448:
3423:
3413:
3360:
3331:
3312:
3263:
3250:
3232:
3222:
3200:
3175:
3003:from the original on 2017-10-17
2960:from the original on 2013-12-09
2721:United Nations Security Council
2262:United Nations General Assembly
1678:MSM blood donation restrictions
1422:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
6974:(as religious or racial quota)
5420:Go back to where you came from
4721:International humanitarian law
4665:Special Court for Sierra Leone
4403:International humanitarian law
4047:Sexual and reproductive health
3944:Right to a healthy environment
3143:
3114:
3087:
3075:
3056:Baldwin, Clive (9 July 2021).
3049:
3014:
2919:
2900:International Court of Justice
2893:
1691:(as religious or racial quota)
186:International human rights law
80:International Court of Justice
45:International humanitarian law
13:
1:
7388:Second-generation gender bias
7104:Constitutional colorblindness
5825:Social determinants of health
4371:to Prevent and Punish Torture
3964:Right to public participation
3354:10.1525/aa.1951.53.1.02a00370
2913:
2719:referred to the court by the
2535:(South-West Africa ceasefire)
2439:Organisation of African Unity
2383:Crime of Apartheid Convention
2121:Second-generation gender bias
1829:Constitutional colorblindness
514:Social determinants of health
4685:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
4670:International Criminal Court
3984:Right to science and culture
3156:. VOLUME 1015. 1976. p.244.
2876:International Criminal Court
2713:International Criminal Court
2543:(arms embargo strengthening)
2519:(arms embargo strengthening)
2237:is defined by the 2002 Rome
85:International Criminal Court
7:
7299:Medical model of disability
7151:Hate speech laws by country
4726:International speech crimes
4507:Customary international law
3810:Right to keep and bear arms
3720:Freedom from discrimination
3526:10.1007/978-94-6265-038-1_5
3182:Morton, Jeffrey S. (2000).
2702:Clarence Clyde Ferguson Jr.
2370:Instruments and legislation
2277:customary international law
2032:Medical model of disability
1876:Hate speech laws by country
10:
7537:
7408:Social model of disability
5880:Discrimination against men
4771:
4547:Convention Against Torture
4491:International criminal law
4367:Inter-American Convention
4231:Convention against Torture
2869:
2823:
2743:
2679:German Democratic Republic
2627:
2584:television programming ban
2343:Free South Africa Movement
2286:
2141:Social model of disability
569:Discrimination against men
191:International criminal law
36:Apartheid (disambiguation)
29:
7465:
7204:
7081:
6874:
6761:Opposition to immigration
6485:
6125:
5972:
5732:
5682:Race / Ethnicity
5619:
5588:
5510:
5387:
5220:
4988:
4890:
4779:
4716:Joint criminal enterprise
4698:
4629:
4560:
4497:
4410:
4395:
4311:
4298:
4221:
4206:
4113:
4100:
4007:
3974:Right to rest and leisure
3880:
3685:
3678:
3370:. The CPS. Archived from
3035:10.1017/S0020589322000379
2588:Rugby union and apartheid
2562:Elimination of Racism Day
2300:apartheid in South Africa
2260:On 30 November 1973, the
1474:Opposition to immigration
363:Race / Ethnicity
6756:Occupational segregation
6525:Compulsory sterilization
4636:(in order of foundation)
3989:Right to social security
3954:Right to Internet access
3899:Equal pay for equal work
3785:Presumption of innocence
3560:Lingaas, Carola (2017).
3309:. Accessed 16 July 2007.
2889:maintaining that regime.
2527:(mandatory arms embargo)
2503:(voluntary arms embargo)
2295:International opposition
1469:Occupational segregation
1238:Compulsory sterilization
136:Fourth Geneva Convention
7284:Internalized oppression
7146:Fighting Discrimination
7136:Fat acceptance movement
7094:Anti-discrimination law
6734:Native American mascots
5450:Psychometrics of racism
4900:Anti-miscegenation laws
4574:Crimes against humanity
4139:Declaration of Montreal
3865:right to be a candidate
3695:Equality before the law
3393:United Nations (2002).
3341:American Anthropologist
3328:, New York 7 March 1966
2511:(sanctions feasibility)
2429:Commonwealth of Nations
2419:Anti-Apartheid Movement
2353:International sanctions
2338:Constructive engagement
2243:crimes against humanity
2017:Internalized oppression
1871:Fighting Discrimination
1861:Fat acceptance movement
1819:Anti-discrimination law
1447:Native American mascots
131:Third Geneva Convention
7403:Social identity threat
7376:Reverse discrimination
7366:Racial color blindness
6846:Violence against women
6826:Sex-selective abortion
5415:Ethnic plastic surgery
4910:Biological determinism
4731:Universal jurisdiction
4706:Command responsibility
4599:Incitement to genocide
4537:United Nations Charter
3725:Freedom of information
3710:Freedom of association
2891:
2844:
2816:
2809:
2694:crime against humanity
2495:(Sharpeville massacre)
2136:Social identity threat
2109:Reverse discrimination
2099:Racial color blindness
1559:Violence against women
1539:Sex-selective abortion
34:. For other uses, see
7371:Religious intolerance
7331:Political correctness
7161:Intersex human rights
7109:Cultural assimilation
6791:Religious persecution
6555:Disability hate crime
6340:Jewish / Antisemitism
5335:In Jewish communities
5313:Hispanic & Latino
4188:Yogyakarta Principles
4037:Intersex human rights
3845:Right of self-defense
3800:Right to a fair trial
3229:Committee (1974) p.58
2886:
2839:
2814:
2752:
2651:Union of South Africa
2628:Further information:
2434:Halt All Racist Tours
2104:Religious intolerance
2064:Political correctness
1886:Intersex human rights
1834:Cultural assimilation
1504:Religious persecution
1268:Disability hate crime
1045:Jewish / Antisemitism
6776:Political repression
5785:Anti-left handedness
5775:Anti-intellectualism
5425:Herrenvolk democracy
4632:International courts
4532:Nuremberg principles
4118:Brazilian Resolution
3924:Right to development
3805:Right to family life
3755:Freedom from torture
3740:Freedom from slavery
2785:in whole or in part;
2783:physical destruction
2389:Gleneagles Agreement
2358:Milton King boycotts
1489:Political repression
474:Anti-left handedness
464:Anti-intellectualism
165:Related areas of law
51:Courts and Tribunals
7279:Historical eugenics
6816:Segregation academy
6796:Religious terrorism
6585:Enemy of the people
6493:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
6012:Jehovah's Witnesses
5905:Perpetual foreigner
5445:Perpetual foreigner
4579:Crime of aggression
4542:Genocide Convention
4415:Genocide Convention
3735:Freedom of religion
3730:Freedom of movement
3705:Freedom of assembly
3687:Civil and political
3611:10.1093/lril/lrz005
3508:Eden, Paul (2013).
3501:10.1093/jicj/mqu024
2485:UN Security Council
2395:Sullivan principles
2012:Historical eugenics
1529:Segregation academy
1509:Religious terrorism
1298:Enemy of the people
1206:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
709:Jehovah's Witnesses
594:Perpetual foreigner
7506:Racial segregation
7191:Social integration
7186:Self-determination
7176:Racial integration
7124:Diversity training
7114:Cultural pluralism
7089:Affirmative action
6989:Racial segregation
6899:Crime of apartheid
6801:Religious violence
6304:Indigenous people
5709:Sexual orientation
5475:Racial integration
5455:Race and sexuality
5260:Japanese Americans
4980:Racial segregation
4970:Racial nationalism
4584:Crime of apartheid
4522:Geneva Conventions
4435:Geneva Conventions
4052:Right to sexuality
3929:Right to education
3855:Security of person
3750:Freedom of thought
3460:Human Rights Watch
3435:Human Rights Watch
3374:on 19 January 2010
3324:2021-04-23 at the
3304:2008-05-09 at the
3244:2008-12-10 at the
3062:Human Rights Watch
2817:
2756:racial segregation
2377:UN Resolution 1761
2273:Human Rights Watch
2235:crime of apartheid
1916:Social integration
1911:Self-determination
1901:Racial integration
1849:Diversity training
1839:Cultural pluralism
1814:Affirmative action
1706:Racial segregation
1617:Crime of apartheid
1514:Religious violence
1009:Indigenous people
390:Sexual orientation
126:Geneva Conventions
7493:
7492:
7361:Racism by country
7289:Intersectionality
7274:Heteronormativity
7073:Voter suppression
6821:Sexual harassment
6620:Forced conversion
6540:Cultural genocide
6203:African Americans
6022:post–Cold War era
6007:Eastern Orthodoxy
5770:Anti-drug addicts
5765:Anti-homelessness
5692:Scientific racism
5548:
5547:
5296:African Americans
5243:Chinese Americans
4940:Ethnic stereotype
4739:
4738:
4565:international law
4527:Nuremberg Charter
4517:Hague Conventions
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4440:Hague Conventions
4391:
4390:
4294:
4293:
4214:International law
4202:
4201:
4060:
4059:
3959:Right to property
3919:Right to clothing
3904:Fair remuneration
3872:Right to homeland
3820:Right to petition
3745:Freedom of speech
3579:10.5617/oslaw2566
3552:978-94-6265-515-7
3295:United Nations.
3256:Article 7 of the
3218:on July 18, 2012.
2880:Article 7 of the
2830:According to the
2626:
2625:
2231:
2230:
2094:Racism by country
2022:Intersectionality
2007:Heteronormativity
1790:Voter suppression
1534:Sexual harassment
1333:Forced conversion
1253:Cultural genocide
908:African Americans
719:post–Cold War era
704:Eastern Orthodoxy
459:Anti-drug addicts
454:Anti-homelessness
373:Scientific racism
228:
227:
121:Hague Conventions
18:Apartheid (crime)
16:(Redirected from
7528:
7483:
7482:
7473:
7472:
7413:Social privilege
7398:Social exclusion
7326:Police brutality
7247:Multiculturalism
7217:Amatonormativity
7048:Social exclusion
6884:Age of candidacy
6684:Homeless dumping
6590:Ethnic cleansing
5575:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5527:
5518:
5517:
5372:Racial supremacy
5330:Jewish Americans
5308:Native Americans
5277:Zainichi Koreans
5265:Japanese Koreans
5248:Zainichi Chinese
5221:Racism by target
4998:Global apartheid
4990:Racism by region
4975:Racial profiling
4965:Racial hierarchy
4766:
4759:
4752:
4743:
4742:
4699:Related concepts
4637:
4594:Genocidal intent
4484:
4477:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4397:
4396:
4300:
4299:
4208:
4207:
4177:Paris Principles
4102:
4101:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4063:
3949:Right to housing
3883:Economic, social
3830:Right to protest
3825:Right to privacy
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3614:
3593:
3591:
3581:
3556:
3537:
3504:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3462:. 19 July 2024.
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3397:. Archived from
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3335:
3329:
3316:
3310:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3273:. Archived from
3267:
3261:
3254:
3248:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3214:. Archived from
3204:
3198:
3197:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3098:. Archived from
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2991:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2923:
2807:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2328:Sporting boycott
2323:Academic boycott
2310:
2291:
2290:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2146:Social privilege
2131:Social exclusion
2059:Police brutality
1980:Multiculturalism
1950:Amatonormativity
1765:Social exclusion
1603:Age of candidacy
1397:Homeless dumping
1303:Ethnic cleansing
253:
230:
229:
220:
213:
206:
60:Nuremberg trials
41:
40:
21:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7461:
7336:Polyculturalism
7232:Civil liberties
7200:
7181:Reappropriation
7082:Countermeasures
7077:
7006:Racial steering
6972:Numerus clausus
6876:
6870:
6595:Ethnic conflict
6530:Corrective rape
6481:
6121:
5968:
5860:HIV/AIDS stigma
5728:
5677:Mental disorder
5615:
5584:
5579:
5549:
5544:
5506:
5485:Racism in sport
5383:
5377:White supremacy
5216:
4984:
4920:Ethnic conflict
4892:
4886:
4780:Types of racism
4775:
4770:
4740:
4735:
4711:Superior orders
4694:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4625:
4567:
4564:
4556:
4512:Peremptory norm
4493:
4488:
4458:
4449:
4406:
4387:
4307:
4290:
4217:
4198:
4109:
4096:
4091:
4061:
4056:
4027:Family planning
4012:
4003:
3979:Right of return
3939:Right to health
3887:
3884:
3876:
3840:Right to resist
3790:Right of asylum
3681:
3674:
3668:
3621:
3566:Oslo Law Review
3553:
3483:
3481:Further reading
3478:
3469:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3401:on 12 July 2007
3391:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3336:
3332:
3326:Wayback Machine
3317:
3313:
3306:Wayback Machine
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3251:
3246:Wayback Machine
3237:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3212:treaties.un.org
3206:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3054:
3050:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2896:
2878:
2870:Main articles:
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2541:Resolution 591
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501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
425:
424:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
376:
375:
370:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
304:
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
264:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
246:
245:
243:Discrimination
239:
238:
226:
225:
223:
222:
215:
208:
200:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
183:
170:
167:
166:
162:
161:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
106:
105:
99:
96:
95:
91:
90:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7533:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7486:
7478:
7476:
7468:
7467:
7464:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7435:Social stigma
7433:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:State atheism
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6994:Jim Crow laws
6992:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6979:One-drop rule
6977:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6894:Blood quantum
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6841:Victimisation
6839:
6837:
6836:Trans bashing
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6806:Religious war
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6786:Racialization
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6657:Glass ceiling
6655:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6600:Ethnic hatred
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6535:Counter-jihad
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6318:United States
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6181:United States
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6102:Protestantism
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6017:LDS or Mormon
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:Transmisogyny
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5850:Gerontophobia
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5780:Anti-intersex
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:Anti-albinism
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Institutional
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5541:
5533:
5531:
5523:
5521:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5367:Wine industry
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5195:South America
5193:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:United States
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5173:North America
5171:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4960:Racialization
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4925:Ethnic hatred
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:Laissez-faire
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Institutional
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Environmental
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Slave trading
4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4209:
4205:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3999:Right to work
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:Right to food
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:Right to life
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3572:(2): 86–115.
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3334:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3292:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3195:
3193:1-57003-170-3
3189:
3185:
3178:
3159:
3152:
3146:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2976:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2827:
2813:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2660:In 1971, the
2658:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:"Biko" (song)
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:Other aspects
2553:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2413:Organisations
2410:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Disinvestment
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:According to
2269:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Social stigma
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:State atheism
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Jim Crow laws
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:One-drop rule
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Blood quantum
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:Victimisation
1552:
1550:
1549:Trans bashing
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Religious war
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Racialization
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Glass ceiling
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Ethnic hatred
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Counter-jihad
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:United States
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
887:
886:United States
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
832:
826:
825:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Protestantism
797:
795:
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
751:
750:
749:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
715:
714:LDS or Mormon
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
670:
665:
664:
654:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
636:Transmisogyny
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Gerontophobia
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
469:Anti-intersex
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:Anti-albinism
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
417:
416:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
296:
295:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
269:Institutional
267:
266:
257:
256:
252:
248:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
232:
231:
221:
216:
214:
209:
207:
202:
201:
199:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
181:
180:
179:jus ad bellum
175:
172:
171:
169:
168:
164:
163:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
116:
115:
111:
110:
104:
101:
100:
98:
97:
93:
92:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
7269:Gender-blind
7156:Human rights
6984:Racial quota
6971:
6951:Jewish quota
6931:Gerontocracy
6926:Gender roles
6904:Disabilities
6898:
6889:Blood purity
6861:Wife selling
6851:White flight
6831:Slut-shaming
6811:Scapegoating
6729:Murder music
6402:Palestinians
6345:Anti-Zionism
6213:South Africa
6198:Black people
6176:South Africa
5997:Christianity
5987:Baháʼí Faith
5915:Sectarianism
5855:Heterosexism
5820:Ephebiphobia
5790:Anti-Masonry
5657:Hair texture
5490:in Australia
5480:Racial quota
5124:Soviet Union
5067:Saudi Arabia
5008:South Africa
4935:Ethnic slurs
4930:Ethnic jokes
4832:Internalized
4583:
4552:Rome Statute
4401:
4305:Regional law
4304:
4212:
4106:
4014:reproductive
3909:Labor rights
3885:and cultural
3795:Right to die
3672:human rights
3670:Substantive
3602:
3598:
3569:
3565:
3542:
3517:
3513:
3492:
3488:
3468:. Retrieved
3459:
3450:
3439:. Retrieved
3437:. 2024-07-19
3434:
3425:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:the original
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3372:the original
3362:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3314:
3296:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:the original
3265:
3252:
3234:
3224:
3216:the original
3211:
3202:
3183:
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3123:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:the original
3089:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:
3051:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2962:. Retrieved
2953:
2931:legal.un.org
2930:
2921:
2897:
2887:
2879:
2872:Rome Statute
2860:racial group
2859:
2845:
2840:
2829:
2753:
2749:
2733:Cook Islands
2717:
2710:
2707:
2698:
2691:
2662:Soviet Union
2659:
2635:
2633:
2382:
2270:
2259:
2255:racial group
2234:
2232:
2002:Gender-blind
1881:Human rights
1701:Racial quota
1688:
1668:Jewish quota
1648:Gerontocracy
1643:Gender roles
1621:Disabilities
1608:Blood purity
1574:Wife selling
1564:White flight
1544:Slut-shaming
1524:Scapegoating
1442:Murder music
1107:Palestinians
1050:Anti-Zionism
918:South Africa
903:Black people
881:South Africa
694:Christianity
684:Baháʼí Faith
604:Sectarianism
544:Heterosexism
509:Ephebiphobia
479:Anti-Masonry
338:Hair texture
177:
156:Rome Statute
151:Protocol III
7171:Nonviolence
7166:LGBT rights
7131:Empowerment
7099:Anti-racism
7021:Segregation
6966:No kid zone
6766:Persecution
6679:Hate speech
6630:Gay bashing
6605:Ethnic joke
6560:Dog whistle
6505:Blood libel
6193:Azerbaijani
6097:Neopaganism
6090:Persecution
6056:Persecution
6039:Persecution
6002:Catholicism
5937:Transphobia
5920:Supremacism
5875:Lesbophobia
5795:Aporophobia
5760:Anti-autism
5611:Taste-based
5606:Statistical
5405:Anti-racism
5146:Middle East
5040:South Korea
5035:North Korea
4950:Hate speech
4872:Substantive
4852:Neocolonial
4042:LGBT rights
3775:Nationality
3765:LGBT rights
3589:10852/48121
3067:23 November
2894:Court Cases
2772:punishment;
2487:Resolutions
2461:Conferences
2444:TransAfrica
1896:Nonviolence
1891:LGBT rights
1856:Empowerment
1824:Anti-racism
1738:Segregation
1683:No kid zone
1479:Persecution
1392:Hate speech
1343:Gay bashing
1318:Ethnic joke
1273:Dog whistle
1218:Blood libel
898:Azerbaijani
794:Neopaganism
787:Persecution
753:Persecution
736:Persecution
699:Catholicism
626:Transphobia
609:Supremacism
564:Lesbophobia
484:Aporophobia
449:Anti-autism
284:Taste-based
279:Statistical
146:Protocol II
7500:Categories
7445:Stereotype
7440:Speciesism
7321:Oppression
7316:Oikophobia
7212:Allophilia
7196:Toleration
7053:Sodomy law
6946:Internment
6866:Witch-hunt
6744:Blackhawks
6674:Hate group
6662:Hate crime
6635:Gendercide
6625:Freak show
6615:Excellence
6575:Employment
6545:Defamation
6477:Vietnamese
6472:Venezuelan
6362:Lithuanian
6029:Falun Gong
5964:Xenophobia
5959:Vegaphobia
5942:Non-binary
5900:Pedophobia
5865:Homophobia
5687:Skin color
5647:Disability
5620:Attributes
5601:Structural
5284:Vietnamese
5057:Arab world
4955:Hate group
4945:Hate crime
4882:Xenophobia
4862:Scientific
4847:Linguistic
4616:Starvation
3780:Personhood
3520:: 89–117.
3470:2024-08-26
3441:2024-08-07
3106:10 October
3007:2017-12-26
2964:10 October
2914:References
2687:Yugoslavia
2251:domination
2247:oppression
2178:Stereotype
2173:Speciesism
2054:Oppression
2049:Oikophobia
1945:Allophilia
1921:Toleration
1770:Sodomy law
1663:Internment
1579:Witch-hunt
1457:Blackhawks
1387:Hate group
1375:Hate crime
1348:Gendercide
1338:Freak show
1328:Excellence
1288:Employment
1258:Defamation
1182:Vietnamese
1177:Venezuelan
1067:Lithuanian
726:Falun Gong
653:Xenophobia
648:Vegaphobia
631:Non-binary
589:Pedophobia
554:Homophobia
368:Skin color
328:Disability
299:Attributes
274:Structural
174:Law of war
141:Protocol I
103:War crimes
94:Violations
7521:Apartheid
7418:Christian
7346:Prejudice
7294:Masculism
7242:Diversity
7036:religious
7011:Redlining
6610:Ethnocide
6570:Education
6462:Ukrainian
6397:Pakistani
6387:Mongolian
6308:Australia
6290:Hungarian
6245:Colombian
6225:Bulgarian
6107:Rastafari
6061:Ahmadiyya
5974:Religious
5952:Trans men
5910:Pregnancy
5845:Gayphobia
5840:Fatphobia
5745:Acephobia
5740:Arophobia
5724:Viewpoint
5465:Race card
5400:Alt-right
5200:Argentina
5161:Palestine
5079:Australia
4905:Apartheid
4893:of racism
4621:War crime
4327:European
3760:Legal aid
3534:1389-1359
3043:0020-5893
2985:Apartheid
2848:ethnicity
2837:(ICERD),
2642:Afrikaans
2637:apartheid
2634:The term
2572:Activists
2317:Campaigns
2151:Christian
2079:Prejudice
2027:Masculism
1975:Diversity
1753:religious
1728:Redlining
1323:Ethnocide
1283:Education
1167:Ukrainian
1102:Pakistani
1092:Mongolian
1013:Australia
995:Hungarian
950:Colombian
930:Bulgarian
804:Rastafari
758:Ahmadiyya
669:Religious
641:Trans men
599:Pregnancy
534:Gayphobia
529:Fatphobia
434:Acephobia
429:Arophobia
405:Viewpoint
32:Apartheid
7475:Category
7457:The talk
7393:Snobbery
7311:Net bias
7141:Feminism
7068:Ugly law
6909:Catholic
6877:policies
6724:Mortgage
6719:Lynching
6650:examples
6645:Genocide
6565:Economic
6550:Democide
6510:Bullying
6427:Romanian
6392:Nigerian
6335:Japanese
6270:Georgian
6255:Filipino
6188:Assyrian
6161:Armenian
6151:American
6146:Albanian
6128:National
6112:Yazidism
6034:Hinduism
5992:Buddhism
5895:Nepotism
5890:Misogyny
5885:Misandry
5810:Clannism
5805:Biphobia
5750:Adultism
5667:Language
5520:Category
5435:Lynching
5410:Casteism
5255:Japanese
5114:Portugal
5045:Thailand
5013:Zimbabwe
4877:Symbolic
4867:Societal
4857:Romantic
4822:Gendered
4802:Cultural
4792:Colorism
4787:Aversive
4589:Genocide
4195:(UNDROP)
4163:(UNDRIP)
4022:Abortion
3860:Suffrage
3464:Archived
3322:Archived
3302:Archived
3242:Archived
3158:Archived
3135:22 April
3129:Archived
2998:Archived
2958:Archived
2804:—
2729:Suriname
2190:The talk
2126:Snobbery
2044:Net bias
1866:Feminism
1785:Ugly law
1626:Catholic
1594:Policies
1437:Mortgage
1432:Lynching
1363:examples
1358:Genocide
1278:Economic
1263:Democide
1223:Bullying
1132:Romanian
1097:Nigerian
1040:Japanese
975:Georgian
960:Filipino
893:Assyrian
866:Armenian
856:American
851:Albanian
831:national
809:Yazidism
731:Hinduism
689:Buddhism
584:Nepotism
579:Misogyny
574:Misandry
499:Clannism
494:Biphobia
439:Adultism
348:Language
235:a series
233:Part of
112:Treaties
7485:Commons
7264:Figleaf
6689:Housing
6457:Turkish
6407:Pashtun
6377:Mexican
6357:Kurdish
6330:Italian
6280:Haitian
6265:Finnish
6240:Chinese
6235:Chechen
6230:Catalan
6220:Bengali
6141:African
6126:Ethnic/
6085:Judaism
6076:Sunnism
6066:Shi'ism
5982:Atheism
5815:Elitism
5714:Species
5652:Genetic
5642:Dialect
5530:Commons
5440:Passing
5395:Ableism
5318:Mexican
5238:Chinese
5134:Ukraine
5099:Germany
5089:Denmark
5050:Vietnam
4499:Sources
4157:(DEVAW)
4151:(DEDAW)
3770:Liberty
3405:21 July
3167:13 June
2902:in its
2640:, from
2287:History
2253:by one
1997:Figleaf
1402:Housing
1162:Turkish
1112:Pashtun
1082:Mexican
1062:Kurdish
1035:Italian
985:Haitian
970:Finnish
945:Chinese
940:Chechen
935:Catalan
925:Bengali
846:African
829:Ethnic/
782:Judaism
773:Sunnism
763:Shi'ism
679:Atheism
504:Elitism
395:Species
333:Genetic
323:Dialect
7450:threat
7304:autism
7041:sexual
7031:racial
6914:Jewish
6771:Pogrom
6749:Chiefs
6739:Braves
6467:Uyghur
6442:Somali
6437:Slavic
6422:Romani
6417:Quebec
6412:Polish
6352:Korean
6313:Canada
6300:Indian
6285:Hazara
6260:Fulani
6171:France
6136:Afghan
6071:Sufism
5800:Audism
5733:Social
5662:Height
5362:Slavic
5357:Romani
5352:Muslim
5325:Jewish
5272:Korean
5233:Asians
5205:Brazil
5188:Mexico
5178:Canada
5166:Turkey
5156:Israel
5119:Russia
5109:Poland
5094:France
5084:Europe
5003:Africa
4837:Patent
4817:Formal
4797:Covert
4773:Racism
4606:Piracy
4184:(VDPA)
4130:(UDHR)
4009:Sexual
3549:
3532:
3378:23 May
3281:4 July
3190:
3041:
2727:(with
2666:Guinea
2655:racist
2582:Equity
2183:threat
2037:autism
1758:sexual
1748:racial
1631:Jewish
1484:Pogrom
1462:Chiefs
1452:Braves
1172:Uyghur
1147:Somali
1142:Slavic
1127:Romani
1122:Quebec
1117:Polish
1057:Korean
1018:Canada
1005:Indian
990:Hazara
965:Fulani
876:France
841:Afghan
768:Sufism
489:Audism
420:Social
343:Height
7428:white
6781:Purge
6447:Tatar
6372:Māori
6367:Malay
6325:Irish
6275:Greek
6250:Croat
6208:China
6166:Asian
6051:Islam
5925:White
5672:Looks
5637:Class
5632:Caste
5589:Forms
5540:Index
5301:Women
5291:Black
5210:Chile
5129:Spain
5104:Italy
5072:Sudan
5062:Libya
5030:Japan
5025:China
4807:Cyber
3161:(PDF)
3154:(PDF)
3001:(PDF)
2990:(PDF)
2399:1986
2393:1977
2387:1977
2381:1973
2375:1962
2161:white
1494:Purge
1152:Tatar
1077:Māori
1072:Malay
1030:Irish
980:Greek
955:Croat
913:China
871:Asian
748:Islam
614:White
353:Looks
318:Class
313:Caste
260:Forms
7423:male
7222:Bias
6667:LGBT
6452:Thai
6432:Serb
6295:Igbo
6156:Arab
5930:Male
5719:Size
5699:Rank
5342:LGBT
5228:Arab
5151:Iran
5020:Asia
3547:ISBN
3530:ISSN
3407:2007
3380:2010
3283:2009
3188:ISBN
3169:2019
3137:2022
3108:2011
3069:2022
3039:ISSN
2966:2011
2898:The
2874:and
2852:race
2850:and
2731:and
2711:The
2683:USSR
2664:and
2249:and
2233:The
2156:male
1955:Bias
1380:LGBT
1157:Thai
1137:Serb
1000:Igbo
861:Arab
619:Male
400:Size
380:Rank
7026:age
5704:Sex
5627:Age
4011:and
3607:doi
3584:hdl
3574:doi
3522:doi
3497:doi
3350:doi
3031:doi
1743:age
385:Sex
308:Age
7502::
3601:.
3582:.
3568:.
3564:.
3528:.
3518:16
3516:.
3512:.
3493:12
3491:.
3458:.
3433:.
3346:53
3344:.
3210:.
3060:.
3037:.
3027:71
3025:.
2996:.
2992:.
2974:^
2956:.
2952:.
2939:^
2929:.
2689:.
2297:to
237:on
5574:e
5567:t
5560:v
4765:e
4758:t
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4483:e
4476:t
4469:v
4086:e
4079:t
4072:v
3663:e
3656:t
3649:v
3613:.
3609::
3603:7
3592:.
3586::
3576::
3570:2
3555:.
3536:.
3524::
3503:.
3499::
3473:.
3444:.
3409:.
3382:.
3356:.
3352::
3285:.
3196:.
3171:.
3139:.
3110:.
3071:.
3045:.
3033::
3010:.
2987:"
2968:.
2933:.
2617:e
2610:t
2603:v
2222:e
2215:t
2208:v
219:e
212:t
205:v
182:)
176:(
38:.
20:)
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