184:
2407:
246:". Under the Rome Statute, the ICC can only investigate and prosecute the four core international crimes in situations where states are "unable" or "unwilling" to do so themselves. The jurisdiction of the court is complementary to jurisdictions of domestic courts. The court has jurisdiction over crimes only if they are committed in the territory of a state party or if they are committed by a national of a state party. An exception to this rule is that the ICC may also have jurisdiction over crimes if its jurisdiction is authorized by the
34:
161:
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itself has four organs: the
Presidency (with mostly administrative responsibilities); the Divisions (the Pre-Trial, Trial, and Appeals judges); the Office of the Prosecutor; and the Registry (whose role is to support the other three organs). The functions of these organs are detailed in Part 4 of the Rome Statute.
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The ICC has jurisdiction over these crimes in three cases: first, if they took place on the territory of a State Party; second, if they were committed by a national of a State Party; or third, if the crimes were referred to the
Prosecutor by the UN Security Council. The ICC may begin an investigation
596:
Any amendment to the Rome
Statute requires the support of a two-thirds majority of the states parties, and an amendment (except those amending the list of crimes) will not enter into force until it has been ratified by seven-eighths of the states parties. A state party which has not ratified such an
420:
The U.N. General
Assembly, after the considerations expressed from the commission, established a committee to draft a statute and study the related legal issues. In 1951 a first draft was presented; a second draft followed in 1955 but there were a number of delays, officially due to the difficulties
592:
The Rome
Statute established three bodies: the ICC itself, the Assembly of States Parties (ASP), and the Trust Fund for Victims. The ASP has two subsidiary bodies. These are the Permanent Secretariat, established in 2003, and an elected Bureau which includes a president and vice-president. The ICC
507:
On 11 April 2002, ten countries ratified the statute at the same time at a special ceremony held at the United
Nations headquarters in New York City, bringing the total number of signatories to sixty, which was the minimum number required to bring the statute into force, as defined in Article 126.
500:
It is certain that the People's
Republic of China, Israel, and the United States were three of the seven because they have publicly confirmed their negative votes. India, Indonesia, Iraq, Libya, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen have been identified by various observers and commentators
492:
from 15 June to 17 July 1998. It was attended by representatives from 161 member states, along with observers from various other organizations, intergovernmental organizations and agencies, and non-governmental organizations (including many human rights groups) and was held at the headquarters of
576:
The Rome
Statute outlines the ICC's structure and areas of jurisdiction. The ICC can prosecute individuals (but not states or organizations) for four kinds of crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. These crimes are detailed in Articles 6, 7, 8, and 8
466:
to be included within the Draft Code of Crimes
Against the Peace and Security of Mankind, the document which later became the Rome Statute. Article 26 (crime against the environment) was publicly supported by 19 countries in the Legal Committee but was removed due to opposition from the
369:
The Rome
Statute is the result of multiple attempts for the creation of a supranational and international tribunal. At the end of the 19th century, the international community took the first steps toward the institution of permanent courts with supranational jurisdiction. With the
3047:
1205:
2464:
417:, was the first step toward the establishment of an international permanent criminal tribunal with jurisdiction on crimes yet to be defined in international treaties. In the resolution there was a hope for an effort from the Legal U.N. commission in that direction.
1062:"United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court - Rome, 15 June - 17 July 1998 Official Records - Summary records of the plenary meetings and of the meetings of the Committee of the Whole"
519:, Uganda from 31 May to 11 June 2010. The Review Conference adopted a definition of the crime of aggression, thereby allowing the ICC to exercise jurisdiction over the crime for the first time. It also adopted an expansion of the list of war crimes.
3007:
556:
on 6 May 2002, Sudan on 26 August 2008, and Russia on 30 November 2016—have informed the UN Secretary General that they no longer intend to become states parties and, as such, have no legal obligations arising from their signature of the Statute.
585:
before issuing a warrant if the crimes were referred by the UN Security Council or if a State Party requests an investigation. Otherwise, the Prosecutor must seek authorization from a Pre-Trial Chamber of three judges to begin an investigation
597:
amendment may withdraw with immediate effect. Any amendment to the list of crimes within the jurisdiction of the court will only apply to those states parties that have ratified it. It does not need a seven-eighths majority of ratifications.
2932:
493:
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, located about 4 km away from the Vatican (one of the states represented). On 17 July 1998, the Rome Statute was adopted by a vote of 120 to 7, with 21 countries abstaining.
589:(on its own initiative). The only type of immunity the ICC recognizes is that it cannot prosecute those under 18 when the crime was committed. In particular, no officials – not even a head of state – are immune from prosecution.
393:
which are inhumane actions that may be legal in a given nation, but represent gross human rights violations. In order to re-affirm basic principles of democratic civilisation, the accused received a regular trial, the right to
1201:
959:
2942:
2703:
496:
By agreement, there was no official record of each delegation's vote regarding the adoption of the Rome Statute. Therefore, there is some dispute over the identity of the seven countries that voted against the treaty.
487:
During its 52nd session, the UN General Assembly decided to convene a diplomatic conference "to finalize and adopt a convention on the establishment of an international criminal court". The conference was convened in
3027:
2589:
551:
obliges these states to refrain from "acts which would defeat the object and purpose" of the treaty until they declare they do not intend to become a party to the treaty. Four signatory states—Israel in 2002, the
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Explanations of Vote was publicly declared by India, Uruguay, Mauritius, Philippines, Norway, Belgium, United States, Brazil, Israel, Sri Lanka, China, Turkey, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.
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129:
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asked the General Assembly to re-open the talks for the establishment of an international criminal court and in 1994 presented a draft statute. The General Assembly created an
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committee for the International Criminal Court and, after hearing the conclusions, a Preparatory Committee that worked on the draft for two years from 1996 to 1998.
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convened a five-week diplomatic conference in Rome in June 1998 "to finalize and adopt a convention on the establishment of an international criminal court".
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The sum of (a) states parties, (b) signatories and (c) non-signatory United Nations member states is 195. This number is two more than the number of
455:) using statutes—and amendments due to issues raised during pre-trial or trial stages of the proceedings—that are quite similar to the Rome Statute.
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826:
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Stephen Eliot Smith, "Definitely Maybe: The Outlook for U.S. Relations with the International Criminal Court During the Obama Administration",
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were member states, but later withdrew effective 27 October 2017 and 17 March 2019, respectively. A further 31 countries have signed but not
3916:
3091:
1284:
699:
425:, that were only solved with diplomatic assemblies in the years following the statute's coming into force. The geopolitical tensions of the
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216:
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1573:
1120:"UN Diplomatic Conference Concludes in Rome with Decision to Establish Permanent International Criminal Court (UN Press Release L/2889)"
568:, are critical of the Court. Ukraine, a non-ratifying signatory, has accepted the Court's jurisdiction for a period starting in 2013.
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2371:
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2132:
452:
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2019:
1162:
771:
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as possible sources for the other four negative votes, with Iraq, Libya, Qatar, and Yemen being the four most commonly identified.
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1947:
548:
1718:
1183:
1119:
747:
727:
659:
3921:
3846:
3811:
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139:
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3441:
2815:
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274:. Following years of negotiation, aimed at establishing a permanent international tribunal to prosecute individuals accused of
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of the Rome Statute, respectively. They must have been committed after 1 July 2002, when the Rome Statute came into effect.
3681:
3636:
3566:
1101:
1389:
1039:
978:"Lawyers Are Working to Put 'Ecocide' on Par with War Crimes. Could an International Law Hold Major Polluters to Account?"
3926:
3861:
3191:
3034:
3002:
2723:
1940:
821:
820:
Each year, to commemorate the adoption of the Rome Statute, human rights activists around the world celebrate 17 July as
626:
952:"Draft Code of Offences against the Peace and Security of Mankind :: resolution /: adopted by the General Assembly"
3551:
3111:
3012:
2459:
1989:
804:
38:
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3151:
2838:
1855:
1837:
1801:
1787:
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351:
220:
1624:
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3501:
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3161:
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1897:
535:, including all the countries of South America, nearly all of Europe, most of Oceania and roughly half of Africa.
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3721:
3621:
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3531:
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508:
The treaty entered into force on 1 July 2002; the ICC can only prosecute crimes committed on or after that date.
295:
279:
247:
3826:
3601:
3556:
3466:
3231:
3221:
3074:
2993:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
2885:
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2193:
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333:
1902:
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2009:
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1971:
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200:
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Forty-one additional states have neither signed nor acceded to the Rome Statute. Some of them, including
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Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
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1979:
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183:
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1963:
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1903:
United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court
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1503:
1352:
1314:
3676:
3586:
3416:
3321:
2188:
1285:"United Nations Treaty Database entry regarding the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
692:"United Nations Treaty Database entry regarding the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
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on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
399:
2390:
621:
3022:
2810:
2426:
2046:
1814:
1609:
1002:
Gauger, Anja; Pouye Rabatel-Fernel, Mai; Kulbicki, Louise; Short, Damien; Higgins, Polly (2012).
390:
322:
263:
231:
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1235:
3181:
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Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
2203:
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2071:
1202:"Resolution: Strengthening the International Criminal Court and the Assembly of States Parties"
283:
243:
2859:
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1605:
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of 1899 and 1907, representatives of the most powerful nations made an attempt to harmonize
2937:
2789:
2147:
2004:
410:, and after that, some treaties that led to the drafting of the Rome Statute were signed.
1159:
8:
3166:
3086:
2734:
2104:
2051:
2014:
1408:
The Laws of Armed Conflicts: A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions and Other Documents
764:
433:
422:
291:
271:
239:
1765:
The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence
1439:
3106:
2286:
2088:
2083:
2056:
1994:
1886:
1715:
1681:"Ukraine accepts ICC jurisdiction over alleged crimes committed since 20 February 2014"
1260:
1180:
744:
724:
656:
2943:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
3156:
2436:
2214:
1999:
1870:
1851:
1833:
1818:
1797:
1783:
1768:
1753:
1655:
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1601:
1593:
1415:
1135:
371:
2938:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
3048:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
2117:
2066:
1639:
1585:
1411:
403:
382:
2908:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
1928:
Parliamentary network mobilized in support of the universality of the Rome Statute
1160:
The International Criminal Court – a historic development in the fight for justice
911:
389:
leaders, international institutions began prosecuting individuals responsible for
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1984:
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on 17 July 1998 and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. As of February 2024,
1472:"Annan regrets US decision not to ratify International Criminal Court statute"
951:
3135:
2795:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1932:
1651:
1597:
476:
407:
215:
are party to the statute. Among other things, it establishes court function,
799:
1264:
882:"International Criminal Court prosecutor calls for end to violence in Gaza"
544:
1643:
1589:
811:. The American Society of International Law. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
2698:
1663:
1440:"International Criminal Court: Letter to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan"
1435:
540:
468:
375:
1830:
Essays on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Volume II
175:
1866:
1780:
Essays on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Volume I
1001:
336: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
168:
16:
1998 international treaty establishing the International Criminal Court
1004:"The Ecocide Project - Ecocide is the missing 5th Crime Against Peace"
2431:
2093:
1535:"Reference: C.N.886.2016.TREATIES-XVIII.10 (Depositary Notification)"
1353:"Reference: C.N.138.2018.TREATIES-XVIII.10 (Depositary Notification)"
1315:"Reference: C.N.805.2016.TREATIES-XVIII.10 (Depositary Notification)"
287:
267:
235:
22:
Rome Statute, a statute establishing the International Criminal Court
415:
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
311:
33:
2913:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2421:
2061:
1891:
1221:
426:
275:
259:
227:
1811:
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary
801:
Results of the Rome Conference for an International Criminal Court
612:
Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3902:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
949:
536:
516:
463:
258:
The Rome Statute established four core international crimes: (I)
2465:
Presidents and vice-presidents of the Assembly of States Parties
1746:
The International Criminal Court: The Making of the Rome Statute
2078:
196:
2958:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2821:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
1504:"Reference: C.N.612.2008.TREATIES-6 (Depositary Notification)"
2777:
2704:
American Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition for the ICC
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
565:
561:
226:
The Rome Statute established four core international crimes:
208:
187:
Headquarters of the International Criminal Court in The Hague
1894:– Human Rights & International Criminal Law Online Forum
1251:
1249:
1247:
912:
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court – Overview
489:
413:
UN General Assembly Resolution n. 260 9 December 1948, the
386:
378:
and to limit the use of technologically advanced weapons.
204:
58: State party that subsequently withdrew its membership
2764:
1927:
1912:
1270:
1267:
being states parties but not United Nations member states.
2128:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
1244:
2827:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
571:
64: Signatory that subsequently withdrew its signature
2163:
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
871:
Article 29, Non-applicability of statute of limitations
2244:
1898:
Draft Statute of an International Criminal Court, 1994
3842:
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
2923:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2839:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
950:
UN. General Assembly (41st sess.) (20 January 1987).
149:
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
3018:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
2953:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2844:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
1892:
Text of the Rome Statute as amended in 2010 and 2015
1863:
The Rome Statute and Domestic Legal Orders Volume II
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
203:(ICC). It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in
1844:
An Introduction to the International Criminal Court
1794:
The Rome Statute and Domestic Legal Orders Volume I
3202:Treaties of the Afghan Transitional Administration
3072:
2118:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)
1767:. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers (2001).
1404:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
3907:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
1390:The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
669:
3342:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3147:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3133:
3117:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
2148:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
2123:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
1571:
1199:Assembly of States Parties (14 December 2007).
1140:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
934:Coalition for the International Criminal Court.
193:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
165:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
27:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3877:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
2833:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1918:A list of the State Parties to the Rome Statute
1402:Schindler, Dietrich; Toman, JirĂ, eds. (2004).
1241:4 July 2011 at Wikiwix. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
1032:"Final Act of the International Criminal Court"
462:(ILC) considered the inclusion of the crime of
2948:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
1962:
1809:, Paola Gaeta & John R.W.D. Jones (eds.),
1401:
1193:
1011:School of Advanced Study, University of London
3857:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
3092:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
2750:
2230:
1948:
3712:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3102:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
2988:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
1828:William A. Schabas, Flavia Lattanzi (eds.),
1778:William A. Schabas, Flavia Lattanzi (eds.),
1572:Jianping, Lu; Zhixiang, Wang (6 July 2005).
1122:. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018
930:
928:
719:
717:
651:
649:
647:
242:. Those crimes "shall not be subject to any
3097:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
2918:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
874:
3912:Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2854:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
2806:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
2757:
2743:
2384:Twenty-third Amendment of the Constitution
2372:Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act
2282:Agreements on the Enforcement of Sentences
2237:
2223:
2133:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
1955:
1941:
1622:
1307:
523:were proposed to implement these changes.
443:Meanwhile, the United Nations created the
3897:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
3887:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
2779:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
2153:Special Panels of the Dili District Court
1632:Journal of International Criminal Justice
1578:Journal of International Criminal Justice
1410:(Fourth Revised and Completed ed.).
1236:Official records of the Review Conference
1173:
1153:
1151:
925:
905:
903:
824:. See Amnesty International USA (2005).
737:
714:
644:
531:As of February 2024, 124 states are
352:Learn how and when to remove this message
3317:Treaties of the Central African Republic
3008:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
2366:American Service-Members' Protection Act
1392:, Article 18. Accessed 23 November 2006.
1157:Amnesty International (11 April 2002).
1095:
1093:
1069:United Nations - Office of Legal Affairs
1036:United Nations - Office of Legal Affairs
794:
792:
182:
3882:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
1710:
1708:
637:
3852:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
3134:
2816:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
2766:International human rights instruments
2277:Agreement on Privileges and Immunities
1693:from the original on 17 September 2015
1484:from the original on 27 September 2021
1434:
1148:
965:from the original on 19 December 2023.
900:
526:
39:Parties and signatories of the Statute
3347:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
3071:
2974:
2928:Convention on the Rights of the Child
2883:
2882:
2865:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
2800:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2776:
2738:
2378:International Criminal Court Act 2001
2218:
1936:
1861:Claus Kress, Flavia Lattanzi (eds.),
1792:Claus Kress, Flavia Lattanzi (eds.),
1763:Roy S Lee & Hakan Friman (eds.),
1553:from the original on 20 December 2016
1090:
1020:from the original on 2 December 2023.
975:
956:United Nations Digital Library System
789:
617:International Criminal Court Act 2001
607:Review Conference of the Rome Statute
572:Jurisdiction, structure and amendment
447:tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (
372:Hague International Peace Conferences
176:https://www.un.org/law/icc/index.html
52: Signatory that has not ratified
3917:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
1913:International Criminal Court website
1705:
1371:from the original on 3 November 2018
1333:from the original on 29 October 2016
1102:Florida Journal of International Law
1042:from the original on 19 October 2013
334:adding citations to reliable sources
305:
3197:Treaties entered into force in 2002
3035:American Convention on Human Rights
2724:World Day for International Justice
1832:. Fagnano Alto: il Sirente (2004).
1796:. Fagnano Alto: il Sirente (2000).
1782:. Fagnano Alto: il Sirente (1999).
976:Godin, MĂ©lissa (19 February 2021).
822:World Day for International Justice
627:World Day for International Justice
533:parties to the Statute of the Court
13:
3662:Treaties of the State of Palestine
3392:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
3272:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
3013:European Convention on Nationality
2246:International Criminal Court (ICC)
1732:
1574:"China's Attitude Towards the ICC"
848:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
14:
3938:
3737:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
3702:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
3003:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
1887:Original text of the Rome Statute
1880:
1445:United States Department of State
1295:from the original on 23 July 2021
1208:from the original on 16 June 2011
1071:. Volume II. 2002. Archived from
798:Michael P. Scharf (August 1998).
777:from the original on 9 April 2023
3597:Treaties of the Marshall Islands
2975:
2590:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2405:
1909: (archived 28 December 2011)
1739:Bibliography of Genocide studies
1623:Ramanathan, Usha (6 July 2005).
1452:from the original on 31 May 2002
1289:United Nations Treaty Collection
770:. International Criminal Court.
696:United Nations Treaty Collection
482:
429:also contributed to the delays.
310:
159:
32:
3892:Treaties extended to Montserrat
3797:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
3217:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
1725:. Retrieved on 18 October 2013.
1673:
1616:
1565:
1527:
1496:
1464:
1428:
1395:
1383:
1345:
1229:
1226:. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
1190:. Retrieved on 18 October 2013.
1170:. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
1112:
1054:
1024:
995:
969:
943:
940:. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
922:. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
837:. Retrieved on 31 January 2008.
754:. Retrieved on 18 October 2013.
734:. Retrieved on 18 October 2013.
666:. Retrieved on 18 October 2013.
321:needs additional citations for
296:United Nations General Assembly
248:United Nations Security Council
3922:Treaties extended to Gibraltar
3847:Treaties extended to Greenland
3812:Treaties of the United Kingdom
3372:Treaties of the Czech Republic
3075:International humanitarian law
2194:International humanitarian law
2138:Special Court for Sierra Leone
865:
840:
827:International Justice Day 2005
814:
757:
70: Non-party, non-signatory
1:
3867:Treaties extended to Anguilla
3442:Treaties of Georgia (country)
3043:to Prevent and Punish Torture
2292:Charter of the United Nations
364:
3872:Treaties extended to Bermuda
3352:Treaties of the Cook Islands
3187:Italy and the United Nations
3142:International Criminal Court
2158:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
2143:International Criminal Court
1924: (archived 16 June 2011)
1686:International Criminal Court
1257:United Nations member states
460:International Law Commission
201:International Criminal Court
7:
3682:Treaties of the Philippines
3637:Treaties of the Netherlands
3567:Treaties of North Macedonia
2199:International speech crimes
1980:Customary international law
1013:. Human Rights Consortium.
632:Outline of genocide studies
600:
406:marked a crucial moment in
10:
3943:
3927:June 1998 events in Europe
3862:Treaties extended to Aruba
3192:Treaties concluded in 1998
3039:Inter-American Convention
2903:Convention against Torture
2714:European Union and the ICC
2020:Convention Against Torture
1964:International criminal law
1848:Cambridge University Press
1736:
511:The states parties held a
301:
253:
3552:Treaties of Liechtenstein
3082:
3067:
2983:
2970:
2893:
2878:
2785:
2772:
2719:United States and the ICC
2691:
2666:
2648:
2575:
2568:
2478:
2452:
2445:
2414:
2403:
2358:
2323:
2307:
2300:
2259:
2252:
2189:Joint criminal enterprise
2171:
2102:
2033:
1970:
888:. Amsterdam. 8 April 2018
521:Amendments to the statute
421:in the definition of the
174:
158:
153:
145:
135:
125:
117:
109:
101:
93:
85:
77:
31:
26:
3762:Treaties of South Africa
3747:Treaties of Sierra Leone
3582:Treaties of the Maldives
3292:Treaties of Burkina Faso
3152:Human rights instruments
2109:(in order of foundation)
1846:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
1750:Kluwer Law International
1165:22 November 2018 at the
477:United States of America
400:presumption of innocence
3782:Treaties of Switzerland
3707:Treaties of Saint Lucia
3642:Treaties of New Zealand
3522:Treaties of South Korea
3502:Treaties of Ivory Coast
3407:Treaties of El Salvador
3337:Treaties of the Comoros
3162:Crimes against humanity
2811:Declaration of Montreal
2427:Crimes against humanity
2047:Crimes against humanity
1815:Oxford University Press
1721:19 October 2013 at the
1186:19 October 2013 at the
917:13 January 2008 at the
909:United Nations (1999).
750:19 October 2013 at the
730:19 October 2013 at the
662:19 October 2013 at the
391:crimes against humanity
284:crimes against humanity
264:Crimes against humanity
232:crimes against humanity
3787:Treaties of Tajikistan
3742:Treaties of Seychelles
3722:Treaties of San Marino
3622:Treaties of Montenegro
3572:Treaties of Madagascar
3562:Treaties of Luxembourg
3532:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
3437:Treaties of the Gambia
3397:Treaties of East Timor
3357:Treaties of Costa Rica
3302:Treaties of Cape Verde
3242:Treaties of Bangladesh
2460:List of states parties
2204:Universal jurisdiction
2179:Command responsibility
2072:Incitement to genocide
2010:United Nations Charter
937:Rome Conference – 1998
547:the Rome Statute. The
244:statute of limitations
188:
3827:Treaties of Venezuela
3602:Treaties of Mauritius
3557:Treaties of Lithuania
3467:Treaties of Guatemala
3232:Treaties of Australia
3222:Treaties of Argentina
2860:Yogyakarta Principles
2709:Coalition for the ICC
2391:Völkerstrafgesetzbuch
622:Völkerstrafgesetzbuch
199:that established the
186:
3792:Treaties of Tanzania
3772:Treaties of Suriname
3757:Treaties of Slovenia
3752:Treaties of Slovakia
3692:Treaties of Portugal
3672:Treaties of Paraguay
3617:Treaties of Mongolia
3477:Treaties of Honduras
3387:Treaties of Dominica
3382:Treaties of Djibouti
3332:Treaties of Colombia
3307:Treaties of Cambodia
3287:Treaties of Bulgaria
3277:Treaties of Botswana
3247:Treaties of Barbados
2790:Brazilian Resolution
2699:Legal Tools Database
2437:Crimes of aggression
2105:International courts
2005:Nuremberg principles
1689:. 8 September 2015.
1612:on 14 December 2005.
1546:. 30 November 2016.
638:Notes and references
330:improve this article
292:crimes of aggression
280:international crimes
140:UN Secretary-General
3822:Treaties of Vanuatu
3817:Treaties of Uruguay
3802:Treaties of Tunisia
3727:Treaties of Senegal
3697:Treaties of Romania
3652:Treaties of Nigeria
3627:Treaties of Namibia
3612:Treaties of Moldova
3547:Treaties of Liberia
3542:Treaties of Lesotho
3492:Treaties of Ireland
3487:Treaties of Iceland
3482:Treaties of Hungary
3457:Treaties of Grenada
3447:Treaties of Germany
3422:Treaties of Finland
3412:Treaties of Estonia
3402:Treaties of Ecuador
3377:Treaties of Denmark
3362:Treaties of Croatia
3297:Treaties of Burundi
3267:Treaties of Bolivia
3252:Treaties of Belgium
3237:Treaties of Austria
3227:Treaties of Armenia
3212:Treaties of Andorra
3207:Treaties of Albania
3172:Crime of aggression
3087:Genocide Convention
2052:Crime of aggression
2015:Genocide Convention
1842:William A Schabas,
1714:Article 121 of the
1644:10.1093/jicj/mqi055
1625:"India and the ICC"
1590:10.1093/jicj/mqi056
1326:. 28 October 2016.
1109::155 at 160, n. 38.
807:15 May 2012 at the
743:Article 128 of the
723:Article 126 of the
655:Article 125 of the
527:Ratification status
434:Trinidad and Tobago
423:crime of aggression
272:Crime of aggression
240:crime of aggression
23:
3837:Treaties of Zambia
3807:Treaties of Uganda
3777:Treaties of Sweden
3732:Treaties of Serbia
3687:Treaties of Poland
3667:Treaties of Panama
3657:Treaties of Norway
3607:Treaties of Mexico
3577:Treaties of Malawi
3537:Treaties of Latvia
3527:Treaties of Kuwait
3512:Treaties of Jordan
3472:Treaties of Guinea
3462:Treaties of Greece
3427:Treaties of France
3367:Treaties of Cyprus
3312:Treaties of Canada
3282:Treaties of Brazil
3257:Treaties of Belize
3107:Geneva Conventions
2422:Crimes of genocide
2287:Geneva Conventions
2057:Crime of apartheid
1995:Geneva Conventions
1261:State of Palestine
1179:Article 11 of the
1078:on 19 October 2013
832:2 May 2008 at the
765:"The Rome Statute"
702:on 18 January 2011
451:) and for Rwanda (
432:In December 1989,
278:and other serious
189:
21:
3832:Treaties of Yemen
3767:Treaties of Spain
3717:Treaties of Samoa
3647:Treaties of Niger
3632:Treaties of Nauru
3592:Treaties of Malta
3517:Treaties of Kenya
3507:Treaties of Japan
3497:Treaties of Italy
3452:Treaties of Ghana
3432:Treaties of Gabon
3327:Treaties of Chile
3262:Treaties of Benin
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3112:Hague Conventions
3063:
3062:
2966:
2965:
2886:International law
2874:
2873:
2732:
2731:
2687:
2686:
2564:
2563:
2470:Review Conference
2401:
2400:
2354:
2353:
2212:
2211:
2038:international law
2000:Nuremberg Charter
1990:Hague Conventions
1875:978-88-87847-03-1
1823:978-0-19-829862-5
1744:Roy S Lee (ed.),
1364:. 19 March 2018.
1259:(193) due to the
513:Review Conference
362:
361:
354:
181:
180:
46: State party
3934:
3677:Treaties of Peru
3587:Treaties of Mali
3417:Treaties of Fiji
3322:Treaties of Chad
3069:
3068:
2972:
2971:
2880:
2879:
2849:Paris Principles
2774:
2773:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2573:
2572:
2450:
2449:
2409:
2380:(United Kingdom)
2324:Security Council
2308:General Assembly
2305:
2304:
2257:
2256:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2172:Related concepts
2110:
2067:Genocidal intent
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1865:. Fagnano Alto:
1726:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1662:. Archived from
1629:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1608:. Archived from
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1539:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1515:. 27 August 2008
1508:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1414:. p. 1383.
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
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1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
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1281:
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1225:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1197:
1191:
1177:
1171:
1155:
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1129:
1127:
1116:
1110:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1038:. 17 July 1998.
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1008:
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
973:
967:
966:
964:
947:
941:
932:
923:
907:
898:
897:
895:
893:
878:
872:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
844:
838:
818:
812:
796:
787:
786:
784:
782:
776:
769:
761:
755:
741:
735:
721:
712:
711:
709:
707:
698:. Archived from
688:
667:
653:
404:Nuremberg trials
383:Nuremberg trials
357:
350:
346:
343:
337:
314:
306:
163:
162:
113:60 ratifications
69:
63:
57:
51:
45:
36:
24:
20:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3121:
3078:
3059:
2979:
2962:
2889:
2870:
2781:
2768:
2763:
2733:
2728:
2683:
2662:
2644:
2560:
2474:
2441:
2410:
2397:
2368:(United States)
2350:
2319:
2296:
2248:
2243:
2213:
2208:
2184:Superior orders
2167:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2040:
2037:
2029:
1985:Peremptory norm
1966:
1961:
1922:Wayback Machine
1907:Wayback Machine
1883:
1807:Antonio Cassese
1741:
1735:
1733:Further reading
1730:
1729:
1723:Wayback Machine
1713:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1669:on 14 May 2006.
1666:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
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1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1436:Bolton, John R.
1433:
1429:
1422:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1355:
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1188:Wayback Machine
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1167:Wayback Machine
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1017:
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962:
948:
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933:
926:
919:Wayback Machine
908:
901:
891:
889:
880:
879:
875:
870:
866:
856:
854:
852:treaties.un.org
846:
845:
841:
834:Wayback Machine
819:
815:
809:Wayback Machine
797:
790:
780:
778:
774:
767:
763:
762:
758:
752:Wayback Machine
742:
738:
732:Wayback Machine
722:
715:
705:
703:
690:
689:
670:
664:Wayback Machine
654:
645:
640:
603:
574:
549:law of treaties
529:
485:
367:
358:
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341:
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327:
315:
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3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
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3329:
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3319:
3314:
3309:
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3119:
3114:
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3023:Social Charter
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2569:Investigations
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2043:
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2036:Crimes against
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2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
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1992:
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1982:
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1881:External links
1879:
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1748:. The Hague:
1737:Main article:
1734:
1731:
1728:
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1672:
1638:(3): 627–634.
1615:
1584:(3): 608–620.
1564:
1543:United Nations
1526:
1512:United Nations
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1480:. 8 May 2002.
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554:United States
550:
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483:Establishment
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408:legal history
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319:This section
317:
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2977:Regional law
2976:
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2778:
2493:(elections:
2446:Organisation
2389:
2267:Rome Statute
2266:
2025:Rome Statute
2024:
1862:
1843:
1829:
1810:
1793:
1779:
1764:
1745:
1716:Rome Statute
1695:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1664:the original
1635:
1631:
1618:
1610:the original
1581:
1577:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1541:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1510:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1443:
1430:
1407:
1397:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1359:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1321:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1288:
1265:Cook Islands
1231:
1210:. Retrieved
1195:
1181:Rome Statute
1175:
1158:
1124:. Retrieved
1114:
1106:
1100:
1080:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1068:
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1010:
997:
985:. Retrieved
981:
971:
955:
945:
936:
910:
890:. Retrieved
885:
876:
867:
855:. Retrieved
851:
842:
825:
816:
800:
779:. Retrieved
759:
745:Rome Statute
739:
725:Rome Statute
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
695:
657:Rome Statute
595:
591:
587:proprio motu
586:
583:
578:
575:
559:
530:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
486:
457:
444:
442:
437:
431:
419:
412:
380:
368:
348:
339:
328:Please help
323:verification
320:
257:
225:
217:jurisdiction
192:
190:
89:17 July 1998
81:17 July 1998
18:
2667:Individuals
2625:Philippines
2585:Afghanistan
2253:Legal texts
1813:. Oxford:
892:27 November
781:27 November
541:Philippines
469:Netherlands
376:laws of war
270:, and (IV)
118:Signatories
105:1 July 2002
97:Rome, Italy
3167:War crimes
3136:Categories
2650:Complaints
2556:Prosecutor
2486:Presidency
2432:War crimes
2271:amendments
2089:Starvation
1867:il Sirente
1697:7 December
1557:7 December
1519:7 December
1488:7 December
1456:7 December
1375:7 December
1337:28 October
1299:7 December
1220:(310
1082:18 October
1046:18 October
381:After the
365:Background
288:war crimes
282:, such as
268:War crimes
238:, and the
236:war crimes
213:124 states
169:Wikisource
136:Depositary
2999:European
2679:Indictees
2674:Detainees
2640:Venezuela
2620:Palestine
2515:Nov. 2009
2510:Jan. 2009
2394:(Germany)
2386:(Ireland)
2094:War crime
1652:1478-1387
1598:1478-1387
458:The UN’s
342:June 2020
221:structure
154:Full text
146:Languages
110:Condition
102:Effective
3157:Genocide
2867:(UNDROP)
2835:(UNDRIP)
2577:Official
2374:(Canada)
2359:National
2062:Genocide
1869:(2005).
1850:(2004).
1817:(2002).
1752:(1999).
1719:Archived
1691:Archived
1548:Archived
1482:Archived
1450:Archived
1366:Archived
1328:Archived
1293:Archived
1239:Archived
1206:Archived
1184:Archived
1163:Archived
1136:cite web
1040:Archived
1015:Archived
960:Archived
915:Archived
830:Archived
805:Archived
772:Archived
748:Archived
728:Archived
706:10 March
660:Archived
601:See also
545:ratified
539:and the
475:and the
427:Cold War
398:and the
276:genocide
266:, (III)
260:Genocide
228:genocide
94:Location
2829:(DEVAW)
2823:(DEDAW)
2635:Ukraine
2600:Georgia
2269: (
1972:Sources
1920:at the
1905:at the
1126:29 June
886:Reuters
537:Burundi
517:Kampala
464:ecocide
396:defense
302:History
262:, (II)
254:Purpose
195:is the
126:Parties
78:Drafted
2856:(VDPA)
2802:(UDHR)
2630:Uganda
2491:Judges
2415:Crimes
2079:Piracy
1873:
1854:
1836:
1821:
1800:
1786:
1771:
1756:
1660:915739
1658:
1650:
1606:915740
1604:
1596:
1418:
1218:
1212:31 May
987:5 July
857:9 July
471:, the
445:ad hoc
438:ad hoc
402:. The
294:, the
197:treaty
86:Signed
68:
62:
56:
50:
44:
2692:Other
2610:Libya
2605:Kenya
2479:Court
1667:(PDF)
1628:(PDF)
1551:(PDF)
1538:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1412:Brill
1369:(PDF)
1356:(PDF)
1331:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
1065:(PDF)
1018:(PDF)
1007:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
775:(PDF)
768:(PDF)
566:India
562:China
209:Italy
2658:Iraq
2615:Mali
2550:2023
2545:2020
2540:2017
2535:2015
2530:2014
2525:2013
2520:2011
2505:2007
2500:2006
2495:2003
2346:1970
2341:1593
2336:1487
2331:1422
2315:3314
1871:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1699:2021
1656:SSRN
1648:ISSN
1602:SSRN
1594:ISSN
1559:2021
1521:2021
1490:2021
1458:2021
1416:ISBN
1377:2021
1339:2016
1301:2021
1263:and
1214:2010
1142:link
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