2171:
1214:
809:
1649:
2738:
2126:
659:
614:
284:
2396:
704:
2546:
869:
449:
2096:
599:
734:
2291:
2471:
389:
239:
794:
929:
2561:
1964:
1844:
1769:
148:
2441:
1499:
1169:
2501:
2306:
2246:
2186:
524:
2321:
2111:
1784:
914:
689:
314:
179:
2023:
2606:
2426:
2411:
2231:
1694:
1619:
1394:
1349:
719:
554:
344:
2156:
1724:
1544:
1529:
1049:
1904:
1799:
1514:
2636:
1634:
1139:
254:
359:
2681:
2276:
1934:
1679:
1229:
974:
854:
839:
569:
509:
464:
2576:
2366:
2261:
1994:
1574:
959:
674:
584:
133:
1004:
2531:
2486:
2036:
1829:
1469:
1304:
1274:
1259:
1244:
1124:
884:
749:
539:
434:
374:
329:
269:
2722:
2621:
2591:
2201:
2051:
1739:
1709:
1454:
1439:
1064:
944:
824:
299:
209:
194:
2216:
1664:
1424:
1379:
1334:
1184:
779:
494:
404:
2666:
2516:
2081:
1919:
1859:
1559:
1154:
1109:
224:
2351:
2141:
1199:
1034:
2651:
2456:
2009:
1889:
1814:
1754:
1604:
1484:
1364:
1094:
899:
644:
419:
1079:
1874:
989:
764:
1949:
1589:
1409:
629:
118:
2381:
1979:
479:
2066:
1019:
1289:
2336:
1319:
2862:
By the 1970s, diplomats were attempting to negotiate clarifications to the brief language of
Article 3, and to extend the scope of international law to cover additional humanitarian rights in the context of internal conflicts. These efforts resulted in Protocol II of the Geneva Conventions. The
2786:
armed conflicts that take place within the borders of a single country. The scope of these laws is more limited than those of the rest of the Geneva
Conventions out of respect for sovereign rights and duties of national governments.
2822:
being notable exceptions. However, the United States, Iran, and
Pakistan signed it on 12 December 1977, which signifies an intention to work towards ratifying it. The Iranian signature was given prior to the
2839:
were updated in 1949 after the Second World War, delegates sought to define certain minimum humanitarian standards to situations that had all the characteristics of war, without being an international war.
4164:
4159:
4134:
3309:
2855:
Persons taking no active part in hostilities should be treated humanely (including military persons who have ceased to be active as a result of sickness, injury, or detention).
3979:
4129:
3012:"Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977"
4044:
3519:
4174:
3354:
3419:
2851:
that are not of an international character, but that are contained within the boundaries of a single country. It provides limited protection to victims, including:
2867:
centered on two conflicting ideas. First, that the distinction between internal and international armed conflict is artificial from the point of view of a victim.
3609:
3754:
3404:
3324:
2985:
4114:
3899:
2959:
34:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II)
4169:
4154:
4144:
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should apply regardless of the identity of the combatants. Second, that international law does not apply to non-international situations. A nation has
3914:
3389:
4139:
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3424:
3105:
4184:
4049:
3244:
3136:
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3484:
3334:
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3889:
3213:
4149:
4024:
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3264:
4194:
4104:
4054:
3459:
3086:
4179:
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3549:
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2875:
within its borders, and must not accept judgments by and orders from other countries. And
Article 6, section 2, also prohibits
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3429:
2725:
4189:
3859:
3799:
3714:
3091:
4199:
4109:
3464:
3239:
3096:
3699:
3584:
2835:
Historically, international law of armed conflict addressed traditional declarations of war between nations. When the
4034:
3959:
3939:
3919:
3729:
3599:
3359:
3999:
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3894:
3804:
3654:
3504:
3439:
3414:
3289:
3249:
3129:
2131:
814:
20:
4084:
4064:
4004:
3934:
3909:
3784:
3774:
3744:
3719:
3709:
3664:
3644:
3544:
3489:
3434:
3384:
3299:
4074:
3809:
3749:
3704:
3574:
3279:
3269:
3061:
1654:
4094:
4009:
3989:
3984:
3949:
3944:
3869:
3849:
3769:
3604:
3479:
3474:
3409:
3374:
3369:
3339:
3304:
2700:
2176:
4069:
4059:
4029:
3924:
3879:
3819:
3789:
3779:
3759:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3629:
3619:
3614:
3569:
3554:
3529:
3514:
3494:
3469:
3444:
3364:
3329:
3314:
3294:
3284:
3274:
3259:
3254:
4089:
4039:
3994:
3884:
3864:
3844:
3824:
3764:
3724:
3674:
3659:
3639:
3589:
3579:
3564:
3534:
3454:
3379:
3349:
3344:
3319:
3234:
3122:
4079:
4019:
3974:
3904:
3874:
3834:
3814:
3794:
3739:
3649:
3634:
3624:
3594:
3559:
3539:
3499:
3399:
3026:
4014:
3854:
3829:
3734:
3669:
3524:
3449:
3394:
3174:
3164:
2919:
2899:
619:
3102:
3169:
3159:
2909:
2893:
2868:
2824:
454:
2876:
2737:
2101:
709:
2864:
2767:
2551:
42:
8:
2476:
1279:
244:
3145:
2888:
2836:
2779:
2771:
1909:
874:
3053:
The Law of non-international armed conflict: Protocol II to the 1949 Geneva convention
3057:
3011:
2027:
1069:
934:
3109:
3051:
2913:
2296:
1849:
2566:
799:
3228:
2903:
2791:
1504:
1174:
153:
3200:
2935:
2790:
As of July 2024, the
Protocol had been ratified by 169 countries, with the
2741:
A map showing the current status of
Protocol by country, as of July 2020:
2506:
2311:
2251:
2191:
529:
2843:
These negotiations resulted in
Article 3, common to all four of the basic
2939:
2872:
2401:
2326:
2116:
1969:
1789:
1774:
919:
739:
319:
184:
98:
Six months after two instruments ratification or accession were deposited
3190:
2925:
2729:
2611:
2431:
2416:
2236:
2161:
1729:
1699:
1624:
1549:
1534:
1399:
1354:
1054:
724:
559:
349:
3087:
Committee of the Red Cross: Full text of
Protocol II with commentaries
3114:
2641:
1804:
1639:
1519:
1144:
289:
259:
2928:, a 1977 amendment adopted addressing the protection of victims in
2844:
2799:
2686:
2581:
2371:
2281:
2266:
1999:
1939:
1684:
1579:
1234:
1219:
979:
964:
859:
844:
679:
589:
574:
514:
469:
364:
138:
2122:
4165:
Treaties extended to South
Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4160:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2626:
2596:
2536:
2491:
2206:
2056:
2041:
1834:
1744:
1714:
1474:
1459:
1444:
1309:
1264:
1249:
1129:
1084:
1009:
949:
889:
829:
754:
694:
544:
439:
394:
379:
334:
304:
274:
214:
199:
3103:
President Reagan's message to the Senate on Protocols I & II
3099:
Special issue: 20th anniversary of the 1977 Additional Protocols
2847:
of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Common Article 3 applies to
2819:
2803:
2671:
2521:
2386:
2221:
2086:
2071:
1984:
1924:
1864:
1669:
1564:
1429:
1384:
1339:
1189:
1159:
1114:
1024:
784:
604:
499:
484:
409:
229:
2815:
2795:
2656:
2461:
2356:
2341:
2146:
2014:
1894:
1819:
1759:
1609:
1489:
1369:
1324:
1294:
1204:
1099:
1039:
904:
664:
649:
424:
2811:
2807:
2446:
1954:
1879:
1594:
1414:
994:
769:
634:
123:
19:"Geneva Protocol II" redirects here. For other topics, see
3092:
List of countries that have signed or ratified Protocol II
2938:, a 2005 amendment adopted specifying the adoption of the
610:
2782:
that strive to provide better protection for victims of
445:
4135:
Treaties extended to the British Indian Ocean Territory
2167:
2092:
3310:
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2858:
The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
2542:
3097:
International Review of the Red Cross, 1997 – No. 320
2467:
235:
4130:
Treaties extended to the British Antarctic Territory
2567:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
865:
4045:
Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
3520:
Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia
925:
2710:English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, Russian
4175:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
3980:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)
2287:
1840:
16:1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions
3420:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
3226:
3028:Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949: Commentary
2557:
790:
2922:, on the treatment of civilians during wartime.
1495:
1165:
144:
3755:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
2497:
2302:
2242:
2182:
520:
4115:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
3355:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
3130:
2896:, on the treatment of battlefield casualties.
2392:
2317:
2107:
1960:
1780:
1765:
910:
730:
175:
3900:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2602:
2422:
2407:
2227:
2152:
1720:
1690:
1645:
1615:
1540:
1525:
1390:
1345:
715:
550:
340:
3610:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
3014:. International Committee of the Red Cross.
2632:
1900:
1795:
1630:
1510:
1135:
280:
250:
4170:Treaties extended to Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3405:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
3325:Treaties of the People's Republic of Benin
3137:
3123:
3031:. International Committee of the Red Cross
2677:
2572:
2362:
2272:
2257:
1990:
1930:
1675:
1570:
1225:
1210:
970:
955:
850:
835:
805:
670:
580:
565:
505:
460:
355:
129:
4155:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
4145:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
2774:relating to the protection of victims of
2617:
2587:
2527:
2482:
2197:
2047:
2032:
1825:
1735:
1705:
1465:
1450:
1435:
1300:
1270:
1255:
1240:
1120:
1075:
1060:
1000:
940:
880:
820:
745:
685:
535:
430:
385:
370:
325:
310:
295:
265:
205:
190:
3390:Treaties of the Central African Republic
2990:International Committee of the Red Cross
2964:International Committee of the Red Cross
2736:
2662:
2512:
2377:
2212:
2077:
2062:
1975:
1915:
1855:
1660:
1555:
1420:
1375:
1330:
1180:
1150:
1105:
1045:
1015:
775:
595:
490:
475:
400:
220:
4140:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
2647:
2452:
2347:
2332:
2137:
2005:
1885:
1810:
1750:
1600:
1480:
1360:
1315:
1285:
1195:
1090:
1030:
895:
700:
655:
640:
415:
4100:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
3695:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
3227:
3144:
3024:
2437:
1945:
1870:
1585:
1405:
985:
760:
625:
114:
3425:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
3118:
3049:
3018:
4185:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
4050:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
2902:, on the treatment of casualties in
2778:armed conflicts. It defines certain
3245:Treaties entered into force in 1978
13:
3840:Treaties of the State of Palestine
3485:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
3335:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
14:
4216:
3930:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
3915:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
3890:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
3080:
2720:
2679:
2664:
2649:
2634:
2619:
2604:
2589:
2574:
2559:
2544:
2529:
2514:
2499:
2484:
2469:
2454:
2439:
2424:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2319:
2304:
2289:
2274:
2259:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2169:
2154:
2139:
2132:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2124:
2109:
2094:
2079:
2064:
2049:
2034:
2021:
2007:
1992:
1977:
1962:
1947:
1932:
1917:
1902:
1887:
1872:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1812:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1752:
1737:
1722:
1707:
1692:
1677:
1662:
1655:Micronesia (Federated States of)
1647:
1632:
1617:
1602:
1587:
1572:
1557:
1542:
1527:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1467:
1452:
1437:
1422:
1415:Lao People's Democratic Republic
1407:
1392:
1377:
1362:
1347:
1332:
1317:
1302:
1287:
1272:
1257:
1242:
1227:
1212:
1197:
1182:
1167:
1152:
1137:
1122:
1107:
1092:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1017:
1002:
987:
972:
957:
942:
927:
912:
897:
882:
867:
852:
837:
822:
807:
792:
777:
762:
747:
732:
717:
702:
687:
672:
657:
642:
627:
612:
597:
582:
567:
552:
537:
522:
507:
492:
477:
462:
447:
432:
417:
402:
387:
372:
357:
342:
327:
312:
297:
282:
267:
252:
237:
222:
207:
192:
177:
146:
131:
116:
21:Geneva Protocol (disambiguation)
4150:Treaties extended to Montserrat
4025:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
3955:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
3265:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
3056:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
4195:Treaties extended to Hong Kong
4105:Treaties extended to Greenland
4055:Treaties of the United Kingdom
3460:Treaties of the Czech Republic
3043:
3004:
2978:
2952:
52:20 February 1974 – 8 June 1977
29:Geneva Conventions Protocol II
1:
4180:Treaties extended to Guernsey
4120:Treaties extended to Anguilla
3550:Treaties of Georgia (country)
3510:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
2946:
2726:Geneva Convention/Protocol II
4205:Treaties concluded in Geneva
4125:Treaties extended to Bermuda
3970:Treaties of the Soviet Union
3430:Treaties of the Cook Islands
7:
4190:Treaties extended to Jersey
3860:Treaties of the Philippines
3800:Treaties of the Netherlands
3715:Treaties of North Macedonia
2882:
2830:
2752: State signatories (3)
2582:United Republic of Tanzania
10:
4221:
4200:Treaties extended to Macau
4110:Treaties extended to Aruba
3465:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
3240:Treaties concluded in 1977
18:
3700:Treaties of Liechtenstein
3585:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
3209:
3183:
3152:
2746: State parties (169)
2719:
2714:
2706:
2696:
163:
102:
94:
83:7 December 1978
79:
71:
56:
48:
38:
33:
4035:Treaties of Turkmenistan
3960:Treaties of South Africa
3940:Treaties of Sierra Leone
3920:Treaties of Saudi Arabia
3730:Treaties of the Maldives
3600:Treaties of the Holy See
3360:Treaties of Burkina Faso
3175:Fourth Geneva Convention
3165:Second Geneva Convention
2920:Fourth Geneva Convention
2900:Second Geneva Convention
620:Central African Republic
154:United States of America
124:Islamic Republic of Iran
4000:Treaties of Switzerland
3965:Treaties of South Sudan
3895:Treaties of Saint Lucia
3805:Treaties of New Zealand
3655:Treaties of South Korea
3505:Treaties of El Salvador
3440:Treaties of Ivory Coast
3415:Treaties of the Comoros
3290:Treaties of the Bahamas
3250:Treaties of Afghanistan
3170:Third Geneva Convention
3160:First Geneva Convention
2910:Third Geneva Convention
2894:First Geneva Convention
2869:Humanitarian principles
2825:1979 Iranian Revolution
4085:Treaties of Yugoslavia
4065:Treaties of Uzbekistan
4005:Treaties of Tajikistan
3935:Treaties of Seychelles
3910:Treaties of San Marino
3785:Treaties of Mozambique
3775:Treaties of Montenegro
3745:Treaties of Mauritania
3720:Treaties of Madagascar
3710:Treaties of Luxembourg
3665:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
3645:Treaties of Kazakhstan
3545:Treaties of the Gambia
3490:Treaties of East Timor
3435:Treaties of Costa Rica
3385:Treaties of Cape Verde
3300:Treaties of Bangladesh
3050:Levie, Howard (1987).
2912:, on the treatment of
2760:
455:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4075:Treaties of Venezuela
3810:Treaties of Nicaragua
3750:Treaties of Mauritius
3705:Treaties of Lithuania
3575:Treaties of Guatemala
3280:Treaties of Australia
3270:Treaties of Argentina
3025:Pictet, Jean (1958).
2877:collective punishment
2740:
2701:Swiss Federal Council
2177:São Tomé and Príncipe
2102:Saint Kitts and Nevis
60:8 June 1977
4095:Treaties of Zimbabwe
4010:Treaties of Tanzania
3990:Treaties of Eswatini
3985:Treaties of Suriname
3950:Treaties of Slovenia
3945:Treaties of Slovakia
3870:Treaties of Portugal
3850:Treaties of Paraguay
3770:Treaties of Mongolia
3605:Treaties of Honduras
3480:Treaties of Dominica
3475:Treaties of Djibouti
3410:Treaties of Colombia
3375:Treaties of Cameroon
3370:Treaties of Cambodia
3340:Treaties of Botswana
3305:Treaties of Barbados
3108:7 March 2016 at the
2766:is a 1977 amendment
2552:United Arab Emirates
4070:Treaties of Vanuatu
4060:Treaties of Uruguay
4030:Treaties of Tunisia
3925:Treaties of Senegal
3880:Treaties of Romania
3820:Treaties of Nigeria
3790:Treaties of Namibia
3780:Treaties of Morocco
3760:Treaties of Moldova
3690:Treaties of Liberia
3685:Treaties of Lesotho
3680:Treaties of Lebanon
3630:Treaties of Jamaica
3620:Treaties of Ireland
3615:Treaties of Iceland
3570:Treaties of Grenada
3555:Treaties of Germany
3530:Treaties of Finland
3515:Treaties of Estonia
3495:Treaties of Ecuador
3470:Treaties of Denmark
3445:Treaties of Croatia
3365:Treaties of Burundi
3330:Treaties of Bolivia
3315:Treaties of Belgium
3295:Treaties of Bahrain
3285:Treaties of Austria
3275:Treaties of Armenia
3260:Treaties of Algeria
3255:Treaties of Albania
2477:Trinidad and Tobago
2042:Republic of Moldova
245:Antigua and Barbuda
30:
4090:Treaties of Zambia
4040:Treaties of Uganda
3995:Treaties of Sweden
3885:Treaties of Rwanda
3865:Treaties of Poland
3845:Treaties of Panama
3825:Treaties of Norway
3765:Treaties of Monaco
3725:Treaties of Malawi
3675:Treaties of Latvia
3660:Treaties of Kuwait
3640:Treaties of Jordan
3590:Treaties of Guyana
3580:Treaties of Guinea
3565:Treaties of Greece
3535:Treaties of France
3455:Treaties of Cyprus
3380:Treaties of Canada
3350:Treaties of Brunei
3345:Treaties of Brazil
3320:Treaties of Belize
3235:Geneva Conventions
3146:Geneva Conventions
2960:"Signatory States"
2889:Geneva Conventions
2837:Geneva Conventions
2780:international laws
2772:Geneva Conventions
2761:
2072:Russian Federation
875:Dominican Republic
28:
4080:Treaties of Yemen
4020:Treaties of Tonga
3975:Treaties of Spain
3905:Treaties of Samoa
3875:Treaties of Qatar
3835:Treaties of Palau
3815:Treaties of Niger
3795:Treaties of Nauru
3740:Treaties of Malta
3650:Treaties of Kenya
3635:Treaties of Japan
3625:Treaties of Italy
3595:Treaties of Haiti
3560:Treaties of Ghana
3540:Treaties of Gabon
3500:Treaties of Egypt
3400:Treaties of Chile
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2863:debate over this
2776:non-international
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935:Equatorial Guinea
500:Brunei Darussalam
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3855:Treaties of Peru
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2016:
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1989:
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1505:Liechtenstein
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1239:
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1206:
1194:
1191:
1179:
1176:
1175:Guinea-Bissau
1164:
1161:
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1146:
1134:
1131:
1119:
1116:
1104:
1101:
1089:
1086:
1074:
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1044:
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1029:
1026:
1014:
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939:
936:
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831:
819:
816:
804:
801:
789:
786:
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771:
759:
756:
744:
741:
740:Côte d'Ivoire
729:
726:
714:
711:
699:
696:
684:
681:
669:
666:
654:
651:
639:
636:
624:
621:
609:
606:
594:
591:
579:
576:
564:
561:
549:
546:
534:
531:
519:
516:
504:
501:
489:
486:
474:
471:
459:
456:
444:
441:
429:
426:
414:
411:
399:
396:
384:
381:
369:
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339:
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324:
321:
309:
306:
294:
291:
279:
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264:
261:
249:
246:
234:
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219:
216:
204:
201:
189:
186:
174:
173:
166:
162:
155:
143:
140:
128:
125:
113:
112:
105:
101:
97:
93:
82:
78:
74:
70:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3201:Protocol III
3195:
3067:. Retrieved
3052:
3045:
3033:. Retrieved
3027:
3020:
3006:
2994:. Retrieved
2989:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2963:
2954:
2936:Protocol III
2929:
2861:
2848:
2842:
2834:
2789:
2783:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2507:Turkmenistan
2399:
2312:South Africa
2252:Sierra Leone
2192:Saudi Arabia
530:Burkina Faso
25:
3196:Protocol II
3153:Conventions
2940:Red Crystal
2873:sovereignty
2764:Protocol II
2402:Switzerland
2327:South Sudan
2117:Saint Lucia
1970:Philippines
1790:New Zealand
1775:Netherlands
920:El Salvador
185:Afghanistan
103:Signatories
3229:Categories
3191:Protocol I
3063:9024734916
2947:References
2932:conflicts.
2926:Protocol I
2904:war at sea
2730:Wikisource
2697:Depositary
2612:Uzbekistan
2432:East Timor
2417:Tajikistan
2237:Seychelles
2162:San Marino
1730:Mozambique
1700:Montenegro
1625:Mauritania
1550:Madagascar
1535:Luxembourg
1400:Kyrgyzstan
1355:Kazakhstan
725:Costa Rica
560:Cabo Verde
350:Bangladesh
170:169 States
87:1978-12-07
64:1977-06-08
3184:Protocols
2715:Full text
2707:Languages
2642:Venezuela
1910:Palestine
1805:Nicaragua
1640:Mauritius
1520:Lithuania
1145:Guatemala
290:Australia
260:Argentina
95:Condition
80:Effective
3106:Archived
3069:6 August
3035:6 August
2970:10 April
2883:See also
2865:protocol
2845:treaties
2831:Overview
2800:Pakistan
2784:internal
2768:protocol
2687:Zimbabwe
2372:Suriname
2282:Slovenia
2267:Slovakia
2000:Portugal
1940:Paraguay
1685:Mongolia
1580:Maldives
1235:Honduras
1220:Holy See
980:Ethiopia
965:Eswatini
860:Dominica
845:Djibouti
815:DR Congo
680:Colombia
590:Cameroon
575:Cambodia
515:Bulgaria
470:Botswana
365:Barbados
139:Pakistan
109:3 States
72:Location
43:Protocol
2942:emblem.
2770:to the
2627:Vanuatu
2597:Uruguay
2537:Ukraine
2492:Tunisia
2207:Senegal
2057:Romania
1835:Nigeria
1745:Namibia
1715:Morocco
1475:Liberia
1460:Lesotho
1445:Lebanon
1310:Jamaica
1280:Ireland
1265:Iceland
1250:Hungary
1130:Grenada
1085:Germany
1070:Georgia
1010:Finland
950:Estonia
890:Ecuador
830:Denmark
755:Croatia
695:Comoros
545:Burundi
440:Bolivia
395:Belgium
380:Belarus
335:Bahrain
320:Bahamas
305:Austria
275:Armenia
215:Algeria
200:Albania
164:Parties
85: (
62: (
49:Drafted
3060:
2996:1 July
2820:Israel
2818:, and
2804:Turkey
2756:
2750:
2744:
2684:
2672:Zambia
2669:
2654:
2639:
2624:
2609:
2594:
2579:
2564:
2549:
2534:
2522:Uganda
2519:
2504:
2489:
2474:
2459:
2444:
2429:
2414:
2387:Sweden
2384:
2369:
2354:
2339:
2324:
2309:
2294:
2279:
2264:
2249:
2234:
2222:Serbia
2219:
2204:
2189:
2174:
2159:
2144:
2129:
2114:
2099:
2087:Rwanda
2084:
2069:
2054:
2039:
2012:
1997:
1985:Poland
1982:
1967:
1952:
1937:
1925:Panama
1922:
1907:
1892:
1877:
1865:Norway
1862:
1847:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1772:
1757:
1742:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1670:Monaco
1667:
1652:
1637:
1622:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1565:Malawi
1562:
1547:
1532:
1517:
1502:
1487:
1472:
1457:
1442:
1430:Latvia
1427:
1412:
1397:
1385:Kuwait
1382:
1367:
1352:
1340:Jordan
1337:
1322:
1307:
1292:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1232:
1217:
1202:
1190:Guyana
1187:
1172:
1160:Guinea
1157:
1142:
1127:
1115:Greece
1112:
1097:
1082:
1067:
1055:Gambia
1052:
1037:
1025:France
1022:
1007:
992:
977:
962:
947:
932:
917:
902:
887:
872:
857:
842:
827:
812:
797:
785:Cyprus
782:
767:
752:
737:
722:
707:
692:
677:
662:
647:
632:
617:
605:Canada
602:
587:
572:
557:
542:
527:
512:
497:
485:Brazil
482:
467:
452:
437:
422:
410:Belize
407:
392:
377:
362:
347:
332:
317:
302:
287:
272:
257:
242:
230:Angola
227:
212:
197:
182:
151:
136:
121:
75:Geneva
57:Signed
2992:. n.d
2966:. n.d
2816:Syria
2796:India
2657:Yemen
2462:Tonga
2357:Sudan
2342:Spain
2147:Samoa
2015:Qatar
1895:Palau
1820:Niger
1760:Nauru
1610:Malta
1490:Libya
1370:Kenya
1325:Japan
1295:Italy
1205:Haiti
1100:Ghana
1040:Gabon
905:Egypt
710:Congo
665:China
650:Chile
425:Benin
3071:2009
3058:ISBN
3037:2009
2998:2020
2972:2019
2812:Iraq
2808:Iran
2447:Togo
1955:Peru
1880:Oman
1595:Mali
995:Fiji
770:Cuba
635:Chad
39:Type
2728:at
3231::
2988:.
2962:.
2879:.
2827:.
2814:,
2810:,
2806:,
2802:,
2798:,
2794:,
3138:e
3131:t
3124:v
3073:.
3039:.
3000:.
2974:.
2916:.
2906:.
89:)
66:)
23:.
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