4668:"The Bull contains no dogmatic decision of any sort on witchcraft. It assumes the possibility of demoniacal influences on human beings which the Church has always maintained, but claims no dogmatic authority for its pronouncement on the particular cases with which it was dealing at the moment. The form of the document, which refers only to certain occurrences which had been brought to the knowledge of the Pope, shws that it was not intended to bind any one to believe in the things mentioned in it. The question whether the Pope himself believed in them has nothing to do with the subject. His judgment on this point has no greater importance than attaches to a Papal decree in any other undogmatic question, e.g., on a dispute about a benefice. The Bull introduced no new element into the current beliefs about witchcraft. It is absurd to accuse it of being the cause of the cruel treatment of witches, when we see in the
4581:), as well as of sorcerers, who were made responsible for a terrible livestock mortality in 810 AD. According to Agobard, the common people in their fury over crop failure had developed the extravagant idea that foreigners were secretly coming with airships to strip their fields of crops, and transmit it to Magonia. These anxieties resulted in severe aggression, and on one occasion around 816 AD, Agobard could hardly prevent a crowd from killing three foreign men and women, perceived as Magonian people. As their supposed homeland's name suggests, the crop failure was associated with magic. The bishop emphasized that thunderstorms were caused exclusively by natural or divine agencies.
3415:
2426:
2647:
3755:, until the Act was repealed in 2013. In 2009, the government reports that extrajudicial torture and murder of alleged witches – usually lone women – are spreading from the highland areas to cities as villagers migrate to urban areas. For example, in June 2013, four women were accused of witchcraft because the family "had a 'permanent house' made of wood, and the family had tertiary educations and high social standing". All of the women were tortured and Helen Rumbali was beheaded. Helen Hakena, chairwoman of the North Bougainville Human Rights Committee, said that the accusations started because of economic jealousy born of a mining boom.
3214:
3075:
3009:
3717:, a Lebanese television presenter who had been arrested whilst on a pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, was sentenced to death for witchcraft arising out of his fortune-telling on an Arab satellite channel. His appeal was accepted by one court, but a second in Medina upheld his death sentence again in March 2010, stating that he deserved it as he had publicly practised sorcery in front of millions of viewers for several years. In November 2010, the Supreme Court refused to ratify the death sentence, stating that there was insufficient evidence that his actions had harmed others.
3259:
3759:
the province of Simbu in Papua New Guinea alone. Reports indicate this practice of witch-hunting has in some places evolved into "something more malignant, sadistic and voyeuristic." One woman who was attacked by young men from a nearby village "had her genitals burned and fused beyond functional repair by the repeated intrusions of red-hot irons." Few incidents are ever reported, according to the 2012 Law Reform
Commission which concluded that they have increased since the 1980s.
2882:
13330:
4616:"There would be no witch persecutions of the sort he envisaged. The Gregorian Inquisition had been established to deal with the religious matter of heresy, not the secular issue of witchcraft. Pope Alexander IV spelled this out clearly in a 1258 canon which forbade inquisitions into sorcery unless there was also manifest heresy. And this view was even confirmed and acknowledged by the infamous inquisitor Bernard Gui (immortalised by Umberto Eco in
3251:
4598:, IX, 592. "In 1080 Harold of Denmark (r. 1076–80) was admonished not to hold old women and Christian priests responsible for storms and diseases, or to slaughter them in the cruelest manner. Like Agobard before him, Pope Gregory VII (r. 1073–85) declared in his letter to the Danish king that these catastrophes were caused by God alone, that they were God's punishment for human sins, and that the killing of the innocent would only increase His fury."
3602:
2665:, for instance, that may produce impotence or abortion. These were also condemned by several Church Fathers. But he altogether rejected the possibility of many of the alleged powers with which witches were popularly credited. Such, for example, were nocturnal riding through the air, the changing of a person's disposition from love to hate, the control of thunder, rain, and sunshine, the transformation of a man into an animal, the intercourse of
2598:. Suspecting these women, he expelled them from the midst of his race and compelled them to wander in solitary exile afar from his army. There the unclean spirits, who beheld them as they wandered through the wilderness, bestowed their embraces upon them and begat this savage race, which dwelt at first in the swamps, a stunted, foul and puny tribe, scarcely human, and having no language save one which bore but slight resemblance to human speech.
47:
4167:
3225:. "In England, most of the accusers and those making written complaints against witches were women." Informers did not have to be revealed to the accused, which was important for the success of the witch trials. In practice, appeals were made to other witnesses to the crimes, so that the first informer was followed by others. In the event of a conviction, the informer sometimes received a third of the accused's assets, but at least 2
3559:. The existence of witches was a belief central to the Santhals. Witches were feared and were supposed to be engaged in anti-social activities. They were also supposed to have the power to kill people by feeding on their entrails, and causing fevers in cattle among other evils. Therefore, according to the adivasi population the cure to their disease and sickness was the elimination of these witches who were seen as the cause.
184:
2779:
3914:, male domination, and economic dependency of women on men. The victims of this form of violence are often beaten, tortured, publicly humiliated, and murdered. Sometimes, the family members of the accused are also assaulted. In 2010, Sarwa Dev Prasad Ojha, Minister for Women and Social Welfare, said, "Superstitions are deeply rooted in our society, and the belief in witchcraft is one of the worst forms of this."
13340:
4673:
process which was totally different from that of the later trials. Possibly the Bull, in so far as it admonished the inquisitors to be on the alert in regard to witchcraft may have given an impetus to the prosecution of such cases; but it affords no justification for the accusation that it introduced a new crime, or was in any way responsible for the iniquitous horrors of the witch-harrying of later times."
3703:, was convicted of practising witchcraft, including casting an impotence spell, and sentenced to death by beheading, after allegedly being beaten and forced to fingerprint a false confession that had not been read to her. After an appeal court had cast doubt on the validity of the death sentence because the confession had been retracted, the lower court reaffirmed the same sentence on a different basis.
2856:(1380–1444). Bernardino's sermons reveal both a phenomenon of superstitious practices and an over-reaction against them by the common people. However, it is clear that Bernardino had in mind not merely the use of spells and enchantments and such like fooleries but much more serious crimes, chiefly murder and infanticide. This is clear from his much-quoted sermon of 1427, in which he says:
2965:
146:
4018:
God) helped them to prepare their medicine. In addition, all witches who did not attend the meal to be identified would be called to account later on by their master, who had risen from the dead, and who would force the witches by means of drums to go to the graveyard, where they would die. Richards noted that the bamucapi created the sense of danger in the villages by rounding up
2869:. Although the trial was politically motivated, and the verdict later overturned, the position of Joan as a woman and an accused witch became significant factors in her execution. Joan's punishment of being burned alive (victims were usually strangled before burning) was reserved solely for witches and heretics, the implication being that a burned body could not be resurrected on
2347:; into the holy river shall he plunge. If the holy river overcomes him and he is drowned, the man who put the spell upon him shall take possession of his house. If the holy river declares him innocent and he remains unharmed the man who laid the spell shall be put to death. He that plunged into the river shall take possession of the house of him who laid the spell upon him.
3887:
commit suicide. Most cases are not documented because it is difficult for poor and illiterate women to travel from isolated regions to file police reports. Less than 2 percent of those accused of witch-hunting are actually convicted, according to a study by the Free Legal Aid
Committee, a group that works with victims in the state of Jharkhand.
4607:"Witches were executed at Novgorod in 1227, and after a severe famine in the years 1271–1274 Bishop Serapion of Vladimir asked in a sermon: 'you believe in witchcraft and burn innocent people and bring down murder upon earth and the city ... Out of what books or writings do you learn that famine in earth is brought about by witchcraft?'"
3098:. Hopkins' witch-hunting spree was brief but significant: 300 convictions and deaths are attributed to his work. Hopkins wrote a book on his methods, describing his fortuitous beginnings as a witch-hunter, the methods used to extract confessions, and the tests he employed to test the accused: stripping them naked to find the
3028:
about witchcraft and demonological ideas, strongly influenced the hunt for witches in the North. These witch-hunts were at least partly driven by economic factors since a significant relationship between economic pressure and witch hunting activity can be found for regions such as
Bavaria and Scotland.
3975:
Witch-hunts against children were reported by the BBC in 1999 in the Congo and in
Tanzania, where the government responded to attacks on women accused of being witches for having red eyes. A lawsuit was launched in 2001 in Ghana, where witch-hunts are also common, by a woman accused of being a witch.
2761:
Whatever the position of individual clerics, witch-hunting seems to have persisted as a cultural phenomenon. Throughout the early medieval period, notable rulers prohibited both witchcraft and pagan religions, often on pain of death. Under
Charlemagne, for example, Christians who practiced witchcraft
2748:
and early theologians, who made little distinction between witchcraft and the practices of pagan religions. Many believed witchcraft did not exist in a philosophical sense: Witchcraft was based on illusions and powers of evil, which
Augustine likened to darkness, a non-entity representing the absence
4017:
The villagers related that the witch-finders were always right because the witches they found were always the people whom the village had feared all along. The bamucapi utilised a mixture of
Christian and native religious traditions to account for their powers and said that God (not specifying which
3274:
society, although in rarer cases high-ranking individuals were accused as well. On the basis of this evidence, Scarre and Callow asserted that the "typical witch was the wife or widow of an agricultural labourer or small tenant farmer, and she was well known for a quarrelsome and aggressive nature."
3209:
In addition to known witch trials, witch hunts were often conducted by vigilantes, who may or may not have executed their victims. In
Scotland, for example, cattle murrains were blamed on witches, usually peasant women, who were duly punished. A popular method called "scoring above the breath" meant
2848:
of witchcraft – and, though she was acquitted by the court, he had her murdered by drowning. The accusations of witchcraft are, in this case, considered to have been a pretext for
Hermann to get rid of an "unsuitable match," Veronika being born into the lower nobility and thus "unworthy" of his son.
3794:
are effective. On one hand, people may seek advice from witch doctors for health, financial or marital problems. On the other hand, people, especially women, are accused of witchcraft and attacked, occasionally killed. It has been reported that mostly widows or divorcees are targeted to rob them of
3758:
Reports by U.N. agencies, Amnesty
International, Oxfam and anthropologists show that "attacks on accused sorcerers and witches – sometimes men, but most commonly women – are frequent, ferocious and often fatal." It's estimated about 150 cases of violence and killings are occurring each year in just
3273:
Modern scholarly estimates place the total number of executions for witchcraft in the 300-year period of European witch-hunts in the five digits, mostly at roughly between 35,000 and 60,000 (see table below for details), The majority of those accused were from the lower economic classes in European
2860:
One of them told and confessed, without any pressure, that she had killed thirty children by bleeding them ... she confessed more, saying she had killed her own son ... Answer me: does it really seem to you that someone who has killed twenty or thirty little children in such a way has done so well
2683:
forbidding witches to be put to death upon being suspected of having caused storms or failure of crops or pestilence. There were many such efforts to prevent unjust treatment of innocent people. On many occasions, ecclesiastics who spoke with authority did their best to disabuse the people of their
2287:
Belief in witchcraft has been shown to have similarities in societies throughout the world. It presents a framework to explain the occurrence of otherwise random misfortunes such as sickness or death, and the witch sorcerer provides an image of evil. Reports on indigenous practices in the Americas,
4087:
witch-finder) on social ethics : "Witchcraft ... takes hold in people's lives when people are less than fully open-hearted. All wickedness is ultimately because people hate each other or are jealous or suspicious or afraid. These emotions and motivations cause people to act antisocially". The
4037:
to be just actions sanctioned by the High-God Lesa. The only agency which caused unjust harm was a witch, who had enormous powers and was hard to detect. After white rule of Africa, beliefs in sorcery and witchcraft grew, possibly because of the social strain caused by new ideas, customs and laws,
3691:
The frequency of prosecutions for this in the country as whole is unknown. However, in November 2009, it was reported that 118 people had been arrested in the province of Makkah that year for practicing magic and "using the Book of Allah in a derogatory manner", 74% of them being female.
3022:
Witch-hunts were seen across early modern Europe, but the most significant area of witch-hunting in modern Europe is often considered to be central and southern Germany. Germany was a late starter in terms of the numbers of trials, compared to other regions of Europe. Witch-hunts first appeared in
2895:
The resurgence of witch-hunts at the end of the medieval period, taking place with at least partial support or at least tolerance on the part of the Church, was accompanied with a number of developments in Christian doctrine, for example, the recognition of the existence of witchcraft as a form of
4672:
that burning alive was already the legal punishment for a witch. All that Innocent VIII. did was to confirm the jurisdiction of the inquisitors over these cases. The Bull simply empowered them to try all matters concerning witchcraft, without exception, before their own tribunals, by Canon-law; a
3277:
According to Julian Goodare, in Europe, the overall proportion of women who were persecuted as witches was 80%, although there were countries and regions like Estonia, Normandy and Iceland, that targeted men more. In Iceland 92% of the accused were men, in Estonia 60%, and in Moscow two-thirds of
4703:
Whereas witchcraft cases in the colonial era, especially in former British Central Africa, were based on the official dogma that witchcraft is an illusion (so that people invoking witchcraft would be punished as either impostors or slanderers), in contemporary legal practice in Africa witchcraft
3582:
in the 1840s–1850s. Despite the ban, very few cases were reported as witch-hunting was not seen as a crime. The Santhals believed that the ban in fact allowed the activities of witches to flourish. Thus, the effect of the ban was contrary to what the EIC had intended. During 1857–58, there was a
3141:
when husband and wife Hugh and Mary Parsons accused each other of witchcraft. In America's first witch trial, Hugh was found innocent, while Mary was acquitted of witchcraft but she was still sentenced to be hanged as punishment for the death of her child. She died in prison. About eighty people
3027:
in Europe, when witches were caught, tried, convicted, and burned in the imperial lordship of Wiesensteig in southwestern Germany, is recorded in 1563 in a pamphlet called "True and Horrifying Deeds of 63 Witches". Witchcraft persecution spread to all areas of Europe. Learned European ideas
3886:
In India, labeling a woman as a witch is a common ploy to grab land, settle scores or even to punish her for turning down sexual advances. In a majority of the cases, it is difficult for the accused woman to reach out for help and she is forced to either abandon her home and family or driven to
3161:
Current scholarly estimates of the number of people who were executed for witchcraft vary from about 35,000 to 60,000. The total number of witch trials in Europe which are known to have ended in executions is around 12,000. Prominent contemporaneous critics of witch-hunts included Gianfrancesco
4629:
Early Christian theologians attributed to the Devil responsibility for persecution, heresy, witchcraft, sin, natural disasters, human calamities, and whatever else went wrong. One tragic consequence of this was a tendency to demonize people accused of wrongs. At the instance of ecclesiastical
3157:
Once a case was brought to trial, the prosecutors hunted for accomplices. The use of magic was considered wrong, not because it failed, but because it worked effectively for the wrong reasons. Witchcraft was a normal part of everyday life. Witches were often called for, along with religious
3285:
At one point during the Würzburg trials of 1629, children made up 60% of those accused, although this had declined to 17% by the end of the year. Rapley (1998) claims that "75 to 80 percent" of a total of "40,000 to 50,000" victims were women. The claim that "millions of witches" (often:
3158:
ministers, to help the ill or deliver a baby. They held positions of spiritual power in their communities. When something went wrong, no one questioned either the ministers or the power of the witchcraft. Instead, they questioned whether the witch intended to inflict harm or not.
2295:
One study finds that witchcraft beliefs are associated with antisocial attitudes: lower levels of trust, charitable giving and group participation. Another study finds that income shocks (caused by extreme rainfall) lead to a large increase in the murder of "witches" in Tanzania.
4065:
In March 2009, Amnesty International reported that up to 1,000 people in the Gambia had been abducted by government-sponsored "witch doctors" on charges of witchcraft, and taken to detention centers where they were forced to drink poisonous concoctions. On 21 May 2009,
4630:
leaders, the state burned heretics and witches, burning symbolizing the fate deserved by the demonic. Popular fears, stirred to fever pitch in the 14th and 15th centuries, sustained frenzied efforts to wipe out heretics, witches, and unbelievers, especially Jews.
11054:
10134:
2241:
In current language, "witch-hunt" metaphorically means an investigation that is usually conducted with much publicity, supposedly to uncover subversive activity, disloyalty, and so on, but with the real purpose of harming opponents. It can also involve elements of
4648:
We are reasonably confident today that the 'classical' doctrine of witchcraft crystallized during the middle third of the 15th century, shortly after the Council of Basel, primarily within a western Alpine zone centred around the duchy of Savoy (Ostorero et al.
2981:. What had previously been a belief that some people possessed supernatural abilities (which were sometimes used to protect the people), now became a sign of a pact between the people with supernatural abilities and the devil. To justify the killings, some
2638:
of circa 900 AD (alleged to date from 314 AD), which, stated that witchcraft did not exist and that to teach that it was a reality was, itself, false and heterodox teaching. Other examples include an Irish synod in 800 AD, and a sermon by
6012:
he witch-hunts were conducted in their most intense form in those regions where the Catholic church was weakest (Lea 1957; Rose 1962) (Germany, Switzerland, France). In areas with a strong church (Spain, Poland, and eastern Europe) the witch craze was
3507:
in Poland in 1783. The result of the trial is questioned by Prof. Janusz Tazbir in his book. No reliable sources had been found confirming any executions after the trial. In 1793, two unnamed women were executed in proceedings of dubious legitimacy in
3562:
The practice of witch-hunt among Santhals was more brutal than that in Europe. Unlike Europe, where witches were strangulated before being burnt, the santhals forced them "..to eat human excreta and drink blood before throwing them into the flames."
4701:(introduced 1967). Two other provisions of the penal code "state that witchcraft may be an aggravating factor for dishonest acts" (Afrik.com 26 August 2004). A person convicted of witchcraft may face a prison term of 2 to 10 years and a fine.
4620:), who wrote in his influential inquisitors' manual that, by itself, sorcery did not come within the Inquisition's jurisdiction. In sum, the Church did not want the Inquisition sucked into witch trials, which were for the secular courts."
12356:
3434:) of individuals practising or claiming to practice witchcraft and magic. The last executions for witchcraft in England had taken place in 1682, when Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles, and Susanna Edwards were executed at Exeter. In 1711,
1143:
3651:. The causes of witch-hunts include poverty, epidemics, social crises and lack of education. The leader of the witch-hunt, often a prominent figure in the community or a "witch doctor", may also gain economic benefit by charging for an
2976:
came in waves and then subsided. There were trials in the 15th and early 16th centuries, but then the witch scare went into decline, before becoming a major issue again and peaking in the 17th century; particularly during the
2477:
meant both poisoning and causing harm by magic (such as magic potions), although ancient people would not have distinguished between the two. In 331 BC, a deadly epidemic hit Rome and at least 170 women were executed for causing it by
4576:
A crown witness of 'Carolingian skepticism', Archbishop Agobard of Lyon (769–840 AD), reports witch panics during the reign of Charlemagne. In his sermon on hailstorms he reports frequent lynchings of supposed weather magicians
3526:
in Prussia in 1811. Both women have been identified as the last women executed for witchcraft in Europe, but in both cases, the official verdict did not mention witchcraft, as this had ceased to be recognized as a criminal offense.
2753:
nevertheless promulgated elaborate demonologies, including the belief that humans could enter pacts with demons, which became the basis of future witch hunts. Ironically, many clerics of the Middle Ages openly or covertly practiced
2561:, may have been, in effect, the first famous "witch" to be punished by Christian authorities. Cyril's alleged role in her murder, however, was already controversial among contemporary sources, and the surviving primary account by
2418:; a slave had previously been executed for the crime, but the son of the victim claimed that the death had been arranged by his stepmother. The most detailed account of a trial for witchcraft in Classical Greece is the story of
3005:, in this case referring to the divine majesty, not the worldly. Further scripture was also frequently cited, especially the Exodus decree that "thou shalt not suffer a witch to live" (Exodus 22:18), which many supported.
3450:
was executed for witchcraft in Scotland in 1727. The final Act of 1735 led to prosecution for fraud rather than witchcraft since it was no longer believed that the individuals had actual supernatural powers or traffic with
3551:, not only were those accused of being witches murdered, but also those related to the accused to ensure that they would not avenge the deaths (Roy Choudhary 1958: 88). The Chhotanagpur region was majorly populated by an
8514:
2837:. Through their confessions, both of them conveyed the traditional folk beliefs of white magic. The women were accused again in 1390, and condemned by the inquisitor. They were eventually executed by the secular arm.
2806:
of Southern France, whose teachings were charged with including witchcraft and magic. Although it has been proposed that the witch-hunt developed in Europe from the early 14th century, after the Cathars and the
6992:
2947:(lit., 'Hammer against the Evildoers') which, because of the newly invented printing presses, enjoyed a wide readership. It was reprinted in 14 editions by 1520 and became unduly influential in the secular courts.
4658:
By the end of the 15th century, scattered trials for witchcraft by both secular and ecclesiastical courts occurred in many places from the Pyrenees, where the Spanish Inquisition had become involved, to the North
3909:
are common, and are targeted especially against low-caste women. The main causes of witchcraft-related violence include widespread belief in superstition, lack of education, lack of public awareness, illiteracy,
3709:
Also in 2007, Abdul Hamid Bin Hussain Bin Moustafa al-Fakki, a Sudanese national, was sentenced to death after being convicted of producing a spell that would lead to the reconciliation of a divorced couple.
3241:
following a dispute with her of having given her a bitter drink that had made her ill. She was held captive for over a year and threatened with torture, but was finally acquitted thanks to her son's efforts.
3850:
A 2010 estimate places the number of women killed as witches in India at between 150 and 200 per year, or a total of 2,500 in the period of 1995 to 2009. The lynchings are particularly common in the poor
7427:
3706:
In 2007, Mustafa Ibrahim, an Egyptian national, was executed, having been convicted of using sorcery in an attempt to separate a married couple, as well as of adultery and of desecrating the Quran.
2770:
furthered the Christian conversion of Norway by luring pagan magicians to his hall under false pretenses, barring the doors and burning them alive. Some who escaped were later captured and drowned.
3063:. According to a widely circulated pamphlet, "Newes from Scotland," James VI personally presided over the torture and execution of Doctor Fian. Indeed, James published a witch-hunting manual,
7058:
3110:. The swimming test, which included throwing a witch, who was strapped to a chair, into a bucket of water to see if she floated, was discontinued in 1645 due to a legal challenge. The 1647 book,
2798:
remained highly skeptical of witch accusations, although there was sometimes an overlap between accusations of heresy and of witchcraft, particularly when, in the 13th century, the newly formed
3647:-infected. These victims are often considered burdens to the community, and as a result are often driven out, starved to death, or killed violently, sometimes by their own families in acts of
5727:
2661:(about 1020), and especially its 19th book, often known separately as the "Corrector", is another work of great importance. Burchard was writing against the superstitious belief in magical
8407:
Audrey I Richards (Africa: Journal of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, Ed. Diedrich Westermann.) Vol VIII, 1935, published by Oxford University Press, London.
2673:
with human beings, and other such superstitions. Not only the attempt to practice such things, but the very belief in their possibility, is treated by Burchard as false and superstitious.
12330:
1109:
3210:
slashing across a woman's forehead in order to remove the power of her magic. This was seen as a kind of emergency procedure which could be performed in absence of judicial authorities.
11388:
3628:
and from Papua New Guinea. In addition, there are some countries that have legislation against the practice of sorcery. The only country where witchcraft remains legally punishable by
3724:
after being convicted of practicing witchcraft and sorcery. Another very similar situation occurred to Muree bin Ali bin Issa al-Asiri and he was beheaded on 19 June 2012 in the
2272:
The wide distribution of the practice of witch-hunts in geographically and culturally separated societies (Europe, Africa, New Guinea) since the 1960s has triggered interest in the
8077:
7157:
2460:
laid down penalties for uttering harmful incantations and for stealing the fruitfulness of someone else's crops by magic. The only recorded trial involving this law was that of
5486:) suggests that they were thought to be human beings with demonic affiliation: witches.", Behringer, "Witches and Witch-hunts: a Global History", p. 32 (2004). Wiley-Blackwell.
8518:
7340:"UNHCR Research Paper No. 235 Seeking meaning: an anthropological and community-based approach to witchcraft accusations and their prevention in refugee situations, May 2012"
3994:
of Zambia. They dressed in European clothing, and would summon the headman to prepare a ritual meal for the village. When the villagers arrived they would view them all in a
2933:
authorizing the "correcting, imprisoning, punishing and chastising" of devil-worshippers who have "slain infants", among other crimes. He did so at the request of inquisitor
8212:
2614:(692 AD) imposed certain ecclesiastical penances for devil-worship. This mild approach represented the view of the Church for many centuries. The general desire of the
2214:, resulting in an estimated 35,000 to 60,000 executions. The last executions of people convicted as witches in Europe took place in the 18th century. In other regions, like
3094:. Although operating without an official Parliament commission, Hopkins (calling himself Witchfinder General) and his accomplices charged hefty fees to towns during the
2822:
had later authorized the Inquisition to prosecute sorcerers in 1320, inquisitorial courts rarely dealt with witchcraft save incidentally when investigating heterodoxy.
2507:
carried the death penalty. This law banned the trading and possession of harmful drugs and poisons, possession of magical books and other occult paraphernalia. Emperor
4353:
2762:
were enslaved by the Church, while those who worshiped the Devil (Germanic gods) were killed outright. Witch-hunting also appears in period literature. According to
2511:
strengthened laws to curb these practices, for instance in 31 BC, by burning over 2,000 magical books in Rome, except for certain portions of the hallowed
3023:
large numbers in southern France and Switzerland during the 14th and 15th centuries. The peak years of witch-hunts in southwest Germany were from 1561 to 1670. The
12819:
2626:, which, in 785 AD, explicitly outlawed condemning people as witches and condemned to death anyone who burnt a witch. The Lombard code of 643 AD states:
1610:
3639:
as a massive violation of human rights. Most of the accused are women and children but can also be elderly people or marginalised groups of the community such as
2941:
insist that the bull neither allowed anything new, nor was necessarily binding on Catholic consciences. Three years later in 1487, Kramer published the notorious
6608:
4556:
2367:, or one that casts spells, or who consults ghosts or spirits, or who seeks oracles from the dead. For whoever does these things is abhorrent to the Lord"; and
11880:
8741:
7939:
4146:, referring to various investigations and the impeachment proceedings against him as witch-hunts. During his presidency he used the phrase over 330 times. The
651:
7642:
3043:
and burnt. In the district of Finnmark, northern Norway, severe witchcraft trials took place during the period 1600–1692. A memorial of international format,
4865:
7705:
7358:
2267:
8809:
7740:
7620:
2359: 18:10–12 states: "No one shall be found among you who makes a son or daughter pass through fire, who practices divination, or is a soothsayer, or an
7435:
6965:
12083:
862:
7066:
8634:
8124:
6726:
Scarre, Geoffrey; Callow, John (2001). Witchcraft and Magic in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Europe (second ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 29–33.
6710:
9229:
13214:
12597:
5303:
4567:
concurs: "The current consensus is that 40,000 people were executed as witches in the period of the witch persecutions, between about 1450 and 1750."
3923:
2950:
In Europe, the witch-hunt craze was negligible in Spain, Poland, and Eastern Europe; conversely, it was intense in Germany, Switzerland, and France.
2021:
1384:
3696:
in 2009, prosecutions for witchcraft and sorcery are proliferating and "Saudi courts are sanctioning a literal witch hunt by the religious police."
2630:
Let nobody presume to kill a foreign serving maid or female servant as a witch, for it is not possible, nor ought to be believed by Christian minds.
12034:
5737:
5394:
2717:
shall be guilty; that he be 120 days in prison: and after that let kindred take him out, and give to the king 120 shillings, and pay the
2153:
813:
6454:
2916:
in the western Alps, leading to an early series of witch trials by both secular and ecclesiastical courts in the second half of the 15th century.
2657:, in Decree 57 of his First Legislative Book (published in 1100), banned witch-hunting because he said, "witches do not exist". The "Decretum" of
2406:– an ambiguous term that might mean "poison", "medicine", or "magical drug" – do survive, especially those where the drug caused injury or death.
2379:"hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land", suggest that in practice sorcery could at least lead to exile.
8582:
6055:
3290:") were killed in Europe is spurious, even though it is occasionally found in popular literature, and it is ultimately due to a 1791 pamphlet by
2904:
of the uneducated rural population at best, was incorporated into an increasingly comprehensive theology of Satan as the ultimate source of all
2292:
have been taken to suggest that not just the belief in witchcraft but also the periodic outbreak of witch-hunts are a human cultural universal.
11955:
8835:
5864:
5687:
5641:
726:
3799:), so that they can be killed without repercussions. The existing laws have been considered ineffective in curbing the murders. In June 2013,
10998:
10911:
10078:
9991:
8459:
8322:
7918:
3636:
3442:
journal (No. 117) criticizing the irrationality and social injustice in treating elderly and feeble women (dubbed "Moll White") as witches.
12602:
8455:
8049:
1389:
7494:
13384:
12572:
12176:
11718:
8885:
Pale Hecate's Team, an Examination of the Beliefs on Witchcraft and Magic among Shakespeare's Contemporaries and His Immediate Successors
8087:
7270:
1359:
955:
481:
6301:
5164:
4049:
were responsible for detecting witches. In parts of Southern Africa, several hundred people have been killed in witch-hunts since 1990.
3129:
Witch-hunts began to occur in North America while Hopkins was hunting witches in England. In 1645, forty-six years before the notorious
11865:
5426:
Likewise, an Irish synod at around 800 AD condemned the belief in witches, and in particular those who slandered people for being
4022:
the horns in the village, whether they were used for anti-witchcraft charms, potions, snuff or were indeed receptacles of black magic.
636:
7161:
4784:
3998:, and claimed they could identify witches with this method. These witches would then have to "yield up his horns"; i.e. give over the
2422:, who was executed along with her children some time before 338 BC, supposedly for casting incantations and using harmful drugs.
8229:
4972:
2284:, and attempts to use magic to influence personal well-being (to increase life, win love, etc.) are universal across human cultures.
3466:
The last execution of a witch in the Dutch Republic was probably in 1613. In Denmark, this took place in 1693 with the execution of
2811:
were suppressed, this hypothesis has been rejected independently by virtually all academic historians (Cohn 1975; Kieckhefer 1976).
2394:. Later the women's relatives took revenge by bringing false witnesses against Simeon's son and causing him to be executed in turn.
11800:
11688:
11431:
9378:
9368:
8478:
8203:
6811:
4639:
Trevor-Roper has said that it was necessary for belief in the Kingdom of Satan to die before the witch theory could be discredited.
4508:
3827:. In October 2003, three women were branded as witch and humiliated, afterwards they all committed suicide in Kamalpura village in
3278:
those accused were male. In Finland, a total of more than 100 death row inmates were roughly equal in both men and women, but all
563:
451:
7995:
7293:"UNHCR Research Paper No. 169 Witchcraft allegations, refugee protection and human rights: a review of the evidence, January 2009"
3807:(NCRB) statistics, 768 women had been murdered for allegedly practising witchcraft since 2008 and announced plans for newer laws.
2758:, believing that as Christ granted his disciples power to command demons, to summon and control demons was not, therefore, a sin.
2515:. While Tiberius Claudius was emperor, 85 women and 45 men accused of sorcery were executed. By the 3rd century AD, the
2390:
in the 1st century BC is reported to have sentenced to death eighty women who had been charged with witchcraft on a single day in
11116:
11086:
10157:
9874:
9265:
4474:
2959:
2195:
13315:
12039:
11810:
11638:
11623:
11618:
11464:
11317:
9256:
8716:
4198:
4092:
is that "they valued his work and would learn the lessons he came to teach them, about social responsibility and cooperation."
2713:: if any one should be thereby killed, and he could not deny it, that he be liable in his life. But if he will deny it, and at
2122:
818:
573:
401:
386:
381:
211:
8179:
4307:
13343:
11870:
11603:
11286:
11223:
9526:
9299:
9179:
9116:
8967:
8871:
6875:
6819:
6747:
6685:
6643:
6592:
6336:
6246:
6189:
6164:
5346:
5244:
5219:
4823:
4147:
3478:
in 1704. In other parts of Europe, the practice died down later. In France the last person to be executed for witchcraft was
3446:
was among the last subjects of a typical witch trial in England in 1712, but was pardoned after her conviction and set free.
3012:
2833:
was not sure what to do with two women who, in 1384, confessed to have participated in the society around Signora Oriente or
2499:
2203:
641:
366:
9714:
8456:"Cameroon: Witchcraft in Cameroon; tribes or geographical areas in which witchcraft is practised; the government's attitude"
7384:
2891:(the 'Hammer of Witches'), published in 1487, accused women of destroying men by planting bitter herbs throughout the field.
2519:
had begun to be used more broadly against other kinds of magic deemed harmful. The magicians were to be burnt at the stake.
12378:
11693:
11515:
10214:
6917:
4459:
2411:
2146:
1165:
456:
270:
8657:
8255:
7686:
4174:
13369:
13024:
12694:
12607:
12498:
12166:
11986:
11628:
11613:
9897:
4424:
4208:
3932:, the fear of witches drives periodic witch-hunts during which specialist witch-finders identify suspects, with death by
3146:
were accused of practicing witchcraft; thirteen women and two men were executed in a witch-hunt that occurred throughout
1823:
1481:
1394:
1285:
945:
763:
391:
376:
111:
7457:
3879:. The witch hunts in Jalpaiguri are less known, but are motivated by the stress in the tea industry on the lives of the
3676:
province. Earlier on, the ISIL militants beheaded several "magicians" and street illusionists in Syria, Iraq and Libya.
3067:, which contains the famous dictum: "Experience daily proves how loath they are to confess without torture." Later, the
2900:
gained traction among the educated classes, the belief in witchcraft, which in the medieval period had been part of the
12592:
12066:
11383:
11193:
10958:
10332:
10038:
9815:
9636:
9279:
9140:
8683:
6891:
5317:
5269:
3460:
3237:, for being in a pact with the devil and using witchcraft. In 1615, she was called a witch by a female neighbor in the
2685:
1379:
845:
83:
8418:
7321:"UNHCR Research Paper No. 197 Breaking the spell: responding to witchcraft accusations against children, January 2011"
7134:
3751:) is legal in Papua New Guinea, the 1976 Sorcery Act imposed a penalty of up to 2 years in prison for the practice of
2343:
If a man has put a spell upon another man and it is not yet justified, he upon whom the spell is laid shall go to the
12240:
12071:
11567:
11545:
10327:
9333:
9201:
9193:
9130:
9095:
9081:
9067:
9024:
8937:
7774:
7410:"Precarious Justice – Arbitrary Detention and Unfair Trials in the Deficient Criminal Justice System of Saudi Arabia"
7118:
7091:
6788:
6556:
6531:
6405:
6383:
6124:
6090:
5840:
5762:
5663:
5617:
5496:
5404:
4848:
4794:
4767:
4694:
1019:
850:
322:
300:
130:
7616:
7292:
6223:
4885:
3539:
before 1792. The earliest evidence of witch-hunts in India can be found in the Santhal Witch Trials in 1792. In the
12977:
12814:
12714:
12171:
12061:
9304:
8440:
Fisiy, Cyprian F. (2001). "Containing occult practices: Witchcraft trials in Cameroon". In Levack, Brian P. (ed.).
5332:
4563:
argues that Levack's estimate had already been adjusted for these, and revises the figure to approximately 40,000.
4143:
3945:
3119:
1776:
1605:
1501:
950:
840:
2527:
90:
12567:
12078:
11840:
11643:
11101:
10725:
9869:
7709:
3742:
3497:
2139:
1354:
857:
611:
406:
7748:
11703:
11081:
10942:
10307:
10022:
8275:"Conflict between State Legal Norms and Norms Underlying Popular Beliefs: Witchcraft in Africa as a Case Study"
7967:
7309:
Miguel, Edward. "Poverty and Witch Killing." The Review of Economic Studies 72, no. 4 (1 October 2005): 1153–72
6969:
2925:
2818:
declared that Inquisition would not deal with cases of witchcraft unless they were related to heresy. Although
466:
68:
11845:
8191:
Bailey, Frederick George 1994: The Witch-Hunt, or the Triumph of Morality. New York: Cornell University Press.
8150:
6429:
2937:, who had been refused permission by the local bishops in Germany to investigate. However, historians such as
616:
13246:
12962:
11683:
11167:
10344:
10275:
9440:
9344:
8617:
7568:
5983:
4253:
3804:
3800:
3587:, which has led some scholars to see the resurgence of the activity as a form of resistance to Company rule.
3143:
2053:
1761:
446:
17:
6707:
3414:
97:
12525:
12473:
11454:
11424:
10982:
10062:
9509:
9362:
9284:
8533:
7359:"Isis in Syria: Islamic State beheads 2 women for sorcery reports Syrian Observatory for Human Rights"
3847:, a woman was murdered and her daughter was raped on the allegation that they were practising black magic.
2646:
2482:. In 184–180 BC, another epidemic hit Italy, and about 5,000 people were brought to trial and executed for
2425:
1312:
1260:
201:
35:
9691:
8658:"Trump calls New York criminal probe a 'witch hunt' and claims a poll shows he is the frontrunner in 2024"
6791:; and Levack, Brian P. The witch hunt in early modern Europe, 3rd ed., London and New York: Longman, 2006.
13389:
13157:
13009:
12428:
12029:
11975:
10568:
10339:
9479:
6836:
6783:, ed. Bengst Ankarloo & Stuart Clark, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 2002, pp 12 ff.
6547:
Monter, William (2002). "Witch Trials in Continental Europe". In Ankarloo, Bengst; Clark, Stuart (eds.).
5992:
5478:"A decree of King Coloman of Hungary (c. 1074–1116, r. 1095–1116) against the belief in the existence of
4213:
3795:
their property. Reportedly, revered village witch-doctors are paid to brand specific persons as witches (
3443:
3059:, who shared the Danish king's interest in witch trials, sailed to Denmark in 1590 to meet his betrothed
2861:
that when finally they are accused before the Signoria you should go to their aid and beg mercy for them?
2402:
No laws concerning magic survive from Classical Athens. However, cases concerning the harmful effects of
1964:
1808:
1215:
808:
746:
64:
31:
4258:
13266:
12051:
11738:
11469:
11006:
10086:
9933:
9614:
9474:
9327:
9249:
8995:
5691:
4514:
4248:
4243:
3134:
3052:
2841:
2738:
2305:
2073:
830:
501:
216:
79:
8463:
6059:
5083:
Collins, Derek (2001). "Theoris of Lemnos and the Criminalization of Magic in Fourth-Century Athens".
4471: – Three men convicted of the 1993 murders of three boys in West Memphis, Arkansas, United States
2692:(written in 1274~1275), where the popular superstition of witches causing crop failures is denounced.
13374:
12619:
12433:
12335:
12220:
11887:
11855:
11525:
11459:
11342:
11038:
10118:
9803:
9783:
9434:
8000:
5461:
4726:
Golden, Richard M. (1997). "Satan in Europe: The Geography of Witch Hunts". In Wolfe, Michael (ed.).
4373:
4151:
3291:
3213:
3074:
2658:
1406:
1220:
1114:
999:
658:
626:
280:
206:
9578:
4921:
3489:
in 1758. She was acquitted by Maria Theresa in 1758, putting an end to the witch trials in Croatia.
3179:
12879:
12767:
12614:
12383:
12320:
12148:
12103:
11965:
11850:
11832:
11768:
11698:
11582:
11368:
11146:
11136:
11046:
10918:
10207:
10126:
9998:
9968:
9956:
9950:
9788:
9602:
9596:
8906:
5795:
4866:"Witchcraft Beliefs and the Erosion of Social Capital: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa and Beyond"
4564:
4447:
4378:
3584:
2654:
2259:
1670:
1558:
1401:
1170:
1099:
927:
882:
736:
621:
601:
531:
461:
337:
9743:
9719:
9584:
6584:
4293:
2737:(866 AD), prohibited the use of torture altogether, and a similar decree may be found in the
13333:
13162:
13142:
13004:
12994:
12952:
12582:
12423:
12285:
12255:
12250:
12193:
12128:
12113:
12046:
12019:
12004:
11417:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11162:
10974:
10926:
10713:
10595:
10387:
10054:
10006:
9903:
9850:
9731:
9667:
9646:
9641:
9631:
9548:
9542:
9424:
9407:
9289:
5732:
4312:
4238:
4228:
3456:
3036:
3024:
2908:. These doctrinal shifts were completed in the mid-15th century, specifically in the wake of the
2539:
1969:
1949:
1803:
1793:
1751:
1369:
1210:
1064:
1034:
1029:
972:
907:
892:
825:
798:
783:
167:
57:
12230:
9832:
9685:
9452:
6352:
5801:
4551:, which he revised down to 45,000 in the third edition. William Monter estimates 35,000 deaths;
4322:
3504:
3238:
3199:
1009:
13364:
13261:
13234:
13224:
12704:
12684:
12547:
12418:
12315:
12265:
12235:
12215:
12143:
12123:
12098:
12093:
12088:
11999:
11970:
11943:
11919:
11914:
11510:
11500:
11244:
11228:
11218:
11177:
11172:
11030:
11022:
10110:
10102:
9809:
9793:
9656:
9651:
9608:
9536:
9469:
9429:
6328:
6082:
5816:
The Preacher's Demons: Bernardino of Siena and the Social Underworld of Early Renaissance Italy
5777:
4916:
4233:
3536:
3047:, has been built to commemorate the victims of the Finnmark witchcraft trials. In England, the
3032:
2985:
of the time and their proxy secular institutions deemed witchcraft as being associated to wild
2441:
2433:
2068:
2041:
2031:
1491:
1471:
1334:
1205:
1094:
1044:
1014:
994:
922:
902:
877:
872:
867:
778:
741:
714:
690:
685:
265:
255:
9755:
9661:
8775:
6675:
5211:
4757:
4684:
13229:
13189:
13122:
13019:
12967:
12894:
12649:
12413:
12325:
12300:
12295:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12210:
12158:
12118:
12024:
11994:
11897:
11520:
11259:
11254:
11131:
10653:
10409:
10382:
10322:
10169:
9962:
9927:
9844:
9798:
9778:
9749:
9696:
9572:
9531:
9503:
9497:
9242:
8496:
7798:
7108:
6737:
6269:
6237:
Sharpe, James (2002). "The Lancaster witches in historical context". In Poole, Robert (ed.).
5880:
5336:
5149:
4503:
4202:
3976:
Witch-hunts in Africa are often led by relatives seeking the property of the accused victim.
3911:
3579:
3548:
3544:
3493:
3090:
In England, witch-hunting would reach its apex in 1644 to 1647 due to the efforts of Puritan
3008:
2680:
2562:
2461:
2383:
2364:
2036:
1996:
1929:
1818:
1766:
1685:
1436:
1200:
1104:
1079:
1074:
1059:
1054:
1049:
989:
937:
897:
803:
773:
668:
275:
9725:
9154:
The Bottom of the Garden, Dark History of Fairies, Hobgoblins, and Other Troublesome Things.
9030:
Monter, William (1972). "The Historiography of European Witchcraft: Progress and Prospect".
8894:, ed. Jonathan Barry, Marianne Hester, and Gareth Roberts, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
7516:
6805:
6576:
6520:
6320:
4800:
4543:
sets a limit of "no more than 40,000 to 60,000." The high end of that range originates with
4303:
4072:
reported that the alleged witch-hunting campaign had been sparked by the Gambian President,
13394:
13100:
12634:
12508:
12225:
12183:
12133:
12108:
11929:
11892:
11633:
11495:
11378:
11373:
11096:
11091:
10888:
10248:
10223:
9909:
9708:
9590:
9491:
9389:
9294:
9211:
7594:
4491:
4421: – Medieval judicial practice to determine guilt through a life-threatening experience
4364:
4335:
4273:
4223:
4120:
of a person or group, often based on their political persuasions. Specific terms include '
3896:
3828:
3773:
3287:
3266:
3203:
3147:
3055:
in Scotland, over 70 people were accused of witchcraft on account of bad weather when
2978:
2866:
2845:
2689:
2623:
2211:
1907:
1421:
1295:
1004:
962:
912:
887:
700:
663:
396:
250:
8890:
Briggs, Robin. 'Many reasons why': witchcraft and the problem of multiple explanation, in
8810:"You think this is a witch hunt, Mr President? That's an insult to the women who suffered"
5583:
4976:
8:
13276:
13137:
12772:
12674:
12654:
12443:
12351:
12310:
12290:
12260:
12153:
11948:
11763:
11264:
11249:
10990:
10950:
10605:
10590:
10392:
10287:
10282:
10258:
10200:
10179:
10164:
10070:
10030:
9891:
9885:
9838:
9761:
9702:
9673:
9560:
9446:
6577:
5536:
4559:
adjusted Levack's first estimate to account for lost records, estimating 100,000 deaths.
4358:
4268:
4218:
4130:
3872:
3824:
3605:
Monument for the victims of the witch-hunts of 16th- and 17th-century Bernau, Germany by
3126:, the first of 17 people executed for witchcraft in the Colonies from 1647 to 1663.
3068:
3048:
2973:
2943:
2887:
2853:
2558:
2207:
2199:
2083:
1944:
1563:
1461:
1441:
1230:
1138:
1089:
1069:
1039:
932:
719:
526:
9017:
Witch Hunting in Southeastern Germany 1562–1684: The Social and Intellectual Foundation.
8482:
8136:
A Jharkhand case publicized in international media in 2009 concerned five Muslim women.
7668:
5286:
104:
13049:
13044:
13034:
12982:
12972:
12947:
12889:
12847:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12659:
11960:
11141:
11073:
10317:
9974:
9820:
9566:
9554:
9485:
9401:
9356:
9350:
9321:
9047:
8956:
8082:
8005:
7826:
7780:
7252:
7225:
6613:
6498:
6075:
5974:
5858:
5681:
5635:
5549:
5049:
4497:
4486:
4480:
4468:
4395:
4389:
4317:
4298:
4278:
4068:
3979:
3929:
3836:
3693:
3621:
3613:
3596:
3571:
3567:
3471:
3258:
3195:
3191:
3151:
3130:
3056:
2920:
2745:
2387:
2316:
2289:
2223:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1781:
1771:
1746:
1680:
1638:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1446:
731:
153:
9206:
Winkler, Albert (2023) "Judicial Murder: The Witch-Craze in Germany and Switzerland,"
9100:
Purkiss, Diane. "A Holocaust of One's Own: The Myth of the Burning Times." Chapter in
8274:
7912:"Witchcraft allegations, refugee protection and human rights:a review of the evidence"
5979:"The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th Centuries: A Sociologist's Perspective'"
5513:
Behringer, "Witches and Witch-hunts: a Global History", p. 55 (2004). Wiley-Blackwell.
3819:. Between 2005 and 2010, about 35 witchcraft related murders reportedly took place in
13379:
13308:
13219:
13147:
13132:
12931:
12874:
12679:
12587:
12478:
12398:
12245:
11550:
11363:
10770:
10600:
10404:
10253:
9921:
9197:
9189:
9175:
9136:
9126:
9112:
9091:
9077:
9063:
9020:
8963:
8933:
8867:
8783:
8749:
8691:
8626:
8442:
New Perspectives on Witchcraft, Magic, and Demonology: Witchcraft in the modern world
8286:
8166:
Witches, Tea Plantations, and Lives of Migrant Laborers in India: Tempest in a Teapot
7770:
7114:
7087:
7020:
7012:
6871:
6815:
6784:
6743:
6681:
6639:
6632:
6588:
6552:
6527:
6411:
6401:
6379:
6332:
6321:
6242:
6185:
6160:
6120:
6086:
5996:
5941:
5846:
5836:
5758:
5705:
5669:
5659:
5623:
5613:
5554:
5400:
5369:
5342:
5313:
5265:
5240:
5215:
5204:
4934:
4844:
4819:
4790:
4763:
4690:
4383:
3714:
3455:. The 1735 Act continued to be used until the 1940s to prosecute individuals such as
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2419:
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1954:
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1024:
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157:
9135:
David W. Thompson, "Sister Witch: The Life of Moll Dyer" (2017 Solstice Publishing)
8027:
7882:
7854:
6263:
4415: – Practice of singling out any party for unmerited negative treatment or blame
4178:
4055:
has re-established witchcraft-accusations in courts after its independence in 1967.
3039:, in particular, encouraged this practice, and hundreds of people were convicted of
2371: 22:18 prescribes: "thou shalt not suffer a witch to live". Tales like that of
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11337:
10853:
10573:
10454:
10444:
10377:
10270:
9737:
9315:
9039:
7216:
Sinha, Shashank (2007). "Witch hunts, Adivasis, and the Uprising in Chhotanagpur".
7004:
6863:
5092:
4926:
4877:
4453:
4288:
3840:
3721:
3648:
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3475:
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3187:
3175:
3099:
3083:
2998:
2909:
2763:
2676:
2336:
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2174:, is a search for people who have been labeled witches or a search for evidence of
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1991:
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1882:
1697:
1533:
1235:
793:
788:
631:
521:
149:
8515:"The Gambia: Hundreds accused of "witchcraft" and poisoned in government campaign"
8078:"Girl raped, mom killed for her alleged indulgence in black magic in Chhattisgarh"
6265:
The Memorial History of Boston: Including Suffolk County, Massachusetts. 1630–1880
4881:
4014:
which would cause a witch to die and swell up if he ever tried such things again.
2852:
A Catholic figure who preached against witchcraft was popular Franciscan preacher
13286:
13194:
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12884:
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11783:
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10663:
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10459:
10174:
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9395:
9309:
8925:
8586:
8114:
7081:
6714:
6572:
6515:
6493:
6205:
5752:
5723:
5307:
4552:
4544:
4441: – Supernatural female beings comparable to the fairies of English folklore.
4418:
4283:
4103:
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beheaded two couples on accusations of sorcery and using "magic for medicine" in
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2001:
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967:
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546:
10848:
9679:
9147:
The Witch Hunts: A History of the Witch Persecutions in Europe and North America
8376:
7569:"Lebanese TV host Ali Hussain Sibat faces execution in Saudi Arabia for sorcery"
5895:
Larner (2002). "Crime of witchcraft in early modern Europe". In Oldridge (ed.).
2414:" tells of the case of a woman accused of plotting to murder her husband with a
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2016:
2006:
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1590:
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1349:
1344:
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673:
646:
491:
175:
8912:
Europe's Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom,
8230:"Nepal – A study on violence due to witchcraft allegation and sexual violence"
7784:
7542:
7385:"ISIS behead street magician for entertaining crowds in Syria with his tricks"
7008:
6468:
13358:
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12852:
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8753:
8742:"Trump calls impeachment case a 'witch hunt' and hints at a political return"
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8598:
8305:
8290:
7016:
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6000:
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Europe's Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom
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5383:
5141:
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4406:
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often the result. Countries particularly affected by this phenomenon include
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In Croatia the last person condemned for witchcraft to the death penalty was
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3419:
3217:
Witness testimony from the witch trial against Katharina Kepler, 14 July 1621
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of 1612 joined the ranks of the most famous witch trials in English history.
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until the late 4th century AD and abated only after the introduction of
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2100:
1707:
1643:
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1302:
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568:
471:
8307:
Witchcraft accusations in South Africa: A feminist psychological exploration
6895:
4930:
4430:
3515:
2594:
found among his people certain witches, whom he called in his native tongue
13127:
13014:
12842:
12809:
12789:
12719:
12709:
12689:
12669:
12305:
12203:
12198:
11934:
11909:
11773:
11713:
11678:
11648:
11358:
11014:
10966:
10750:
10703:
10698:
10658:
10419:
10302:
10094:
10046:
9383:
8426:
7762:
7495:"Letter to HRH King Abdullah bin Abd al-'Aziz Al Saud on "Witchcraft" Case"
7024:
4412:
4139:
4084:
4073:
3991:
3961:
3937:
3868:
3844:
3815:
Between 2001 and 2006, an estimated 300 people were killed in the state of
3685:
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3064:
2523:
2445:
2352:
2231:
1934:
1813:
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1600:
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1084:
982:
977:
705:
680:
536:
476:
441:
411:
7158:"Barbara Zdunk – The Last Executed Slavic Witch By Authorities In Prussia"
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5096:
13029:
12989:
12957:
12824:
12784:
12624:
12537:
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12463:
12363:
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11795:
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10878:
10818:
10718:
10683:
10668:
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10523:
10449:
10372:
10014:
9102:
The Witch and History: Early Modern and Twentieth Century Representatives
8836:"Judge dismisses NRA's claims that it's the victim of NY AG 'witch hunt'"
8137:
7736:
7337:
7318:
7290:
5533:
Against the foolish belief of the common sort concerning hail and thunder
5396:
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy
5312:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 200,
5237:
Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook
4450: – Woman from New France who murdered her second husband (1733–1763)
4435: – Public penance imposed on condemned persons during an Inquisition
4400:
4125:
3876:
3852:
3791:
3752:
3700:
3673:
3467:
3447:
3190:(1634–1698). Among the largest and most notable of these trials were the
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2795:
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2722:
2356:
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Witch trials in the early modern period § Causes and interpretations
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558:
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496:
416:
10863:
9010:
Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England: A regional and Comparative Study
8164:
6993:"An End to Witch Trials in Austria: Reconsidering the Enlightened State"
6140:
Baten, Joerg; Woitek, Ulrich. "Economic determinants of witch-hunting".
5878:
Hinson (Fall 1992). "Historical and Theological Perspectives on Satan".
5341:, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, p. 59,
3835:. In August 2013, a couple were hacked to death by a group of people in
3254:
An image of suspected witches being hanged in England, published in 1655
2695:
Early secular laws against witchcraft include those promulgated by King
13303:
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10518:
10498:
10297:
10227:
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9826:
8119:
7256:
7229:
6804:
Gibson, M (2006). "Witchcraft in the Courts". In Gibson, Marion (ed.).
5002:
4347:
4010:
to the witch-finders. The bamucapi then made all drink a potion called
3787:
3720:
On 12 December 2011, Amina bint Abdulhalim Nassar was beheaded in
3250:
3138:
3040:
2982:
2930:
2619:
2494:
hunted witches on a scale unknown anywhere else in the ancient world".
2344:
2281:
2175:
2110:
2105:
1986:
1981:
1877:
1853:
1702:
1595:
1553:
1319:
1307:
1280:
1270:
1190:
585:
580:
551:
486:
327:
9051:
7543:"Sudanese man facing execution in Saudi Arabia over 'sorcery' charges"
7339:
7320:
5978:
3601:
2744:
Condemnations of witchcraft are nevertheless found in the writings of
13204:
13152:
12869:
12468:
11598:
10798:
10580:
10558:
10508:
10503:
10481:
8682:
Shear, Michael D.; Savage, Charlie; Haberman, Maggie (16 June 2017).
8109:
7944:
7911:
7643:"Saudi Arabia: Woman Is Beheaded After Being Convicted of Witchcraft"
7595:"Lebanese PM should step in to halt Saudi Arabia 'Sorcery' execution"
6940:
5210:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp.
4121:
4117:
3856:
3540:
3086:, where suspected witches were held and interrogated. 1627 engraving.
2696:
2328:
2011:
1959:
1660:
1255:
361:
10354:
10135:
Treatises on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
9060:
Handbook of European History, 1400–1600: Visions, Programs, Outcomes
7039:
4950:
4948:
3871:. Witch hunts are also taking place among the tea garden workers in
3509:
3430:
enshrined into law the punishment (often with death, sometimes with
2206:, took place from about 1450 to 1750, spanning the upheavals of the
46:
13169:
12999:
12926:
12577:
12503:
12408:
12368:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11668:
11663:
11608:
11389:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
11312:
11055:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
10873:
10755:
10673:
10513:
10476:
10292:
9879:
9043:
7887:
7859:
7831:
5361:
4704:
appears as a reality and as an actionable offence in its own right.
4341:
4113:
4079:
In Sierra Leone, the witch-hunt is an occasion for a sermon by the
4052:
4038:
and also because the courts no longer allowed witches to be tried.
4030:
3986:, relates in 1935 an instance when a new wave of witchfinders, the
3965:
3941:
3933:
3652:
3617:
3556:
3107:
2986:
2783:
2718:
2575:
2508:
2372:
2320:
2235:
1976:
1798:
1717:
1364:
1290:
1195:
1155:
516:
511:
506:
431:
426:
371:
10312:
8930:
Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body, and Primitive Accumulation
8907:
Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt
8371:
8369:
8050:"In Assam, a rising trend of murders on allegations of witchcraft"
6551:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 12 ff.
4816:
Speak of the Devil: Tales of satanic abuse in contemporary England
3409:
3279:
3114:, soon became an influential legal text. The book was used in the
2182:
was proscribed and punishable in early human civilizations in the
30:"Witch hunt" and "Witch trial" redirect here. For other uses, see
11673:
11577:
11557:
11530:
11505:
11409:
10858:
10788:
10678:
10439:
10414:
8684:"Trump Attacks Rosenstein in Latest Rebuke of Justice Department"
8200:
7972:
7697:
5524:
5026:"ventriloquist, soothsayer" in the Septuagint; "wizards": Hebrew
4945:
3880:
3552:
3226:
2803:
2670:
2640:
2587:
2554:
2391:
436:
332:
312:
285:
260:
183:
8892:
Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe. Studies in Culture and Belief
8534:"Witch Hunts and Foul Potions Heighten Fear of Leader in Gambia"
8393:
It is believed that any aged, old woman with red eyes is a witch
7479:"King Abdullah urged to spare Saudi 'witchcraft' woman's life".
6378:, Southern Illinois University Press, 2nd ed., 1989, pp. 66–70,
4338: – Court having jurisdiction in Christian religious matters
2778:
2230:, and official legislation against witchcraft is still found in
12629:
11658:
11562:
11540:
11535:
11485:
10868:
10823:
10793:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10648:
10631:
10626:
10553:
9234:
8953:
8366:
6206:"Daemonlologie by King James the First and Newes from Scotland"
5146:
The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present
4034:
4007:
3995:
3969:
3949:
3820:
3640:
3519:
3330:(Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Lorraine, Austria, Czechia)
2994:
2755:
2729:
In some prosecutions for witchcraft, torture (permitted by the
2666:
2662:
2570:
2557:, murdered by a mob in 415 AD for threatening the influence of
2215:
2191:
1416:
421:
317:
295:
290:
240:
8115:
Nearly 200 women killed every year after being branded witches
4973:"The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy"
4907:
Miguel, Edward (1 October 2005). "Poverty and witch killing".
3668:
On 29 and 30 June 2015, militants of the terrorist group
2684:
superstitious belief in witchcraft. A comparable situation in
12639:
11490:
11398:
10838:
10833:
10813:
10803:
10730:
10641:
10636:
10585:
10493:
10471:
10466:
10397:
8310:(Doctorate of Psychology thesis). University of South Africa.
5033:
5021:
4996:
4462: – 22nd episode of the first season of The Twilight Zone
4003:
3957:
3953:
3906:
3900:
3860:
3832:
3816:
3783:
3635:
Witch-hunts in modern times are continuously reported by the
3452:
3221:
Another important element of the persecution of witches were
2876:
2830:
2579:
2360:
1426:
245:
8425:. Vol. 23, no. 3. pp. 339–354. Archived from
7428:"Distance witch finally caught; 118 detained this year"
4058:
It was reported on 21 May 2008 that in Kenya a mob had
3583:
surge in witch-hunting; coinciding during the period of the
2964:
2544:
145:
13251:
13080:
10828:
10760:
10528:
10486:
9160:
New York: New York University Press, 2000, pp. 85–115.
9012:. New York and Evanston: Harper & Row Publishers, 1970.
8054:
5946:
The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages
4026:
3669:
3612:
Witch-hunts still occur today in societies where belief in
3426:
In England and Scotland between 1542 and 1735, a series of
3031:
In Denmark, the burning of witches increased following the
2953:
2583:
2376:
2219:
2058:
1887:
8862:
Andreassen, Reidun Laura and Liv Helene Willumsen (eds.),
7765:(2012). "Engendered Violence and Witch-killing in Simbu".
6894:(in Dutch). Archeonnet.nl. 11 October 2003. Archived from
5800:(Revised ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp.
4350: – Systematic killing of members of a specific gender
3229:. A well-known and good documented example is the case of
2865:
Perhaps the most notorious witch trial in history was the
9109:
The Last Witch of Langenburg: Murder in a German Village.
5288:
Geschichte der Hexenprozesse: aus dem Qvellen Dargestellt
4354:
Feminist interpretations of the Early Modern witch trials
3688:, although the precise nature of the crime is undefined.
3644:
3620:
and burnings, reported with some regularity from much of
3298:
Prosecution of witchcraft in regions of Europe 1450–1750
2896:
Satanic influence and its classification as a heresy. As
2650:
Burning witches, with others held in stocks, 14th century
2578:
records a persecution and expulsion of witches among the
9212:
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol59/iss1/2
8201:
Deepesh Shrestha; in Pyutar for AFP (15 February 2010).
7458:"Saudi Arabia: Witchcraft and Sorcery Cases on the Rise"
6807:
Witchcraft And Society in England And America, 1550–1750
5818:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999, Chapter 2.
5529:
Contra insulsam vulgi opinionem de grandine et tonitruis
9230:
A Brief History of Witchcraft Persecutions before Salem
8919:
Witchcraft, Gender, and Society in Early Modern Germany
6081:. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press. p.
5908:
5906:
5728:"How Protestantism fuelled Europe's deadly witch craze"
5522:
This, for instance, is the general purport of the book
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
4369:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
4154:'s lawsuit against the organization for alleged fraud.
8717:"Trump calls impeachment effort 'greatest witch hunt'"
7968:"Killing of women, child "witches" on rise, U.N. told"
6286:
Fraden, Judith Bloom; Fraden, Dennis Brindell (2008).
5656:
The Oxford illustrated history of witchcraft and magic
4500: – Women's roles and history surrounding religion
2448:, there were laws against harmful magic. According to
2190:, witch-hunts often arose in connection to charges of
9058:
Oberman, H. A., J. D. Tracy, Thomas A. Brady (eds.),
8978:
Witch hunts and State Building in Early Modern Europe
7635:
7517:"Saudi executes Egyptian for practising 'witchcraft'"
7497:(Press release). Human Rights Watch. 12 February 2008
5399:(pbk. ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. p. 257.
5309:
City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria
4483: – Legal proceedings in Massachusetts, 1692–1693
4344: – Murder of women or girls because of their sex
8776:"What Trump Really Means When He Cries 'Witch Hunt'"
7706:"Witch hunts in Papua New Guinea linked to jealousy"
7597:(Press release). Amnesty International. 1 April 2010
7356:
5903:
5125:
4464:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
4443:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
4150:
used the term in an unsuccessful bid to dismiss the
3684:
Witchcraft or sorcery remains a criminal offense in
3616:
is prevalent. In most cases, these are instances of
2989:
ritual parties in which there was naked dancing and
2549:
The German author Wilhelm Gottlieb Soldan argued in
8950:(4 vol. 2006) 1270pp; 758 short essays by scholars.
8681:
8279:
Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law
8151:"Witch hunts targeted by grassroots women's groups"
7617:"Saudi court rejects death sentence for TV psychic"
7211:
7209:
7200:
The Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India
6261:
6179:
5958:
5607:
2618:'s clergy to check fanaticism about witchcraft and
2222:, contemporary witch-hunts have been reported from
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9172:The Witchcraft Trials in Finnmark, Northern Norway
8998:, Vol. 20, No, 1. (Autumn, 1980), pp. 90–108.
8955:
8899:Witch hunts in Europe and America: an encyclopedia
8616:
8202:
6739:A Case of Witchcraft: The Trial of Urbain Grandier
6631:
6612:
6519:
6497:
6395:
6302:"Springfield's 375th: From Puritans to presidents"
6157:The Witchcraft Trials in Finnmark, northern Norway
6074:
5973:
5484:De strigis vero que non sunt, ne ulla questio fiat
5203:
4138:to "modern-day witch trials". Former US president
2703:And we have ordained respecting witch-crafts, and
2288:Asia and Africa collected during the early modern
13215:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
9158:Brith and Death: Fairies in Scottish Witch-trials
8958:Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance
8948:Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition
7996:"Witch Killings in Orissa District Cause Concern"
7669:"Saudi man executed for 'witchcraft and sorcery'"
7382:
7243:Varma, Daya (2007). "Witch-Hunt among Santhals".
6398:The lore of Scotland: A guide to Scottish legends
5830:
5331:
4759:Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance
4686:401–422 Section 251 of the Cameroonian penal code
4386: – Attributing events to less-probable plots
3924:Witchcraft accusations against children in Africa
3001:("You shall have no other gods before me") or as
2022:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
13356:
9224:1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry on "Witchcraft"
8924:
8618:"Is cancel culture the modern-day witch trials?"
8125:200 'witches' killed in India each year – report
7619:. CTV News. Associated Press. 13 November 2010.
7206:
7106:
6467:Russell, Jeffrey Burton; Lewis, Ioan M. (2000).
6180:Andreassen; Willumsen (2014). "'Introduction'".
5497:"Abortion, Contraception and the Church Fathers"
5338:Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius
5239:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 283.
4555:and Richard Golden both estimate 40,000–50,000.
4456: – French judge and witchhunter (1553–1631)
12875:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
8914:Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
8614:
8419:"Christian responses to witchcraft and sorcery"
7940:"NCW demands stringent law against witch-hunts"
7338:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
7319:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
7291:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
6077:Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany 1562–1684
5961:Witchcraft and magic in Europe: the Middle Ages
5354:
5206:The Roman Empire: Economy, Society, and Culture
4755:
4062:at least 11 people accused of witchcraft.
3492:In Germany the last death sentence was that of
3410:End of European witch-hunts in the 18th century
3051:regulated the penalties for witchcraft. In the
2725:for him, that he evermore desist from the like.
1666:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
12357:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
10912:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
9992:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
9005:, 3rd ed., London and New York: Longman, 2006.
8985:Servants of Satan: The Age of the Witch Hunts.
8773:
8476:
8323:"Witch-hunts: The darkness that won't go away"
8020:
7847:
6241:. Manchester University Press. pp. 1–18.
4818:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–37.
4535:
4533:
4531:
4025:The Bemba people believed misfortunes such as
3747:Though the practice of "white" magic (such as
3470:and in Norway the last witch execution was of
2968:The torture used against accused witches, 1577
1144:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
11425:
10999:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
10208:
10079:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
9250:
9088:The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories
9019:California: Stanford University Press, 1972.
8864:Steilneset Memorial. Art Architecture History
8460:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
8416:
8224:
8222:
7988:
7056:
6526:(3rd ed.). Pearson Longman. p. 23.
6239:The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories
6226:. 21 October 2009 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
6182:Steilneset Memorial. Art Architecture History
5754:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
5658:. Davies, Owen (1st ed.). Oxford. 2017.
5201:
4477: – Prosecutions for witchcraft in Europe
4409: – Widespread moral panic alleging abuse
4403: – Fear that some evil threatens society
4097:
3637:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
3438:published an article in the highly respected
2147:
7909:
7875:
7819:
7735:
7731:
7729:
7727:
7703:
6756:
6466:
6430:"Witchcraft: Eight Myths and Misconceptions"
6285:
5119:Magic and Magicians in the Greco-Roman World
5027:
5015:
4990:
3503:The last known official witch-trial was the
2397:
2276:background of this behaviour. The belief in
27:Search for witchcraft or subversive activity
12573:List of people killed for being transgender
8987:Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985
8585:, 'The True Story of the Death of Stalin',
8256:"Witch-hunt victim recounts torture ordeal"
8042:
7791:
6742:. Manchester University Press. p. 99.
5264:. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp. 48–50.
5202:Garnsey, Peter; Saller, Richard P. (1987).
5014:"those that have familiar spirits": Hebrew
4813:
4528:
3786:, mostly in villages, have the belief that
3570:(EIC) banned the persecution of witches in
3137:experienced America's first accusations of
2749:of light. Augustine and his adherents like
2582:in a mythical account of the origin of the
2565:makes no mention of religious motivations.
2472:
1360:List of people killed for being transgender
11432:
11418:
10215:
10201:
9257:
9243:
9186:Witches of the North:Scotland and Finnmark
8992:The Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661–1662
8954:Goode, Erich; Ben-Yahuda, Nachman (1994).
8878:Witches and Witch Hunts: A Global History.
8655:
8219:
7932:
7741:"It's 2013, and they're burning 'witches'"
6862:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 153–160.
5863:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5706:"Heimskringla: King Olaf Trygvason's Saga"
5686:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5523:
5063:
5061:
5059:
4756:Goode, Erich; Ben-Yehuda, Nachman (2010).
4728:Changing Identities in Early Modern France
4392: – Supernatural punishment by a deity
3655:or by selling body parts of the murdered.
3013:Examination of a Witch in the 17th century
2877:Transition to the early modern witch-hunts
2331:, where it played a conspicuous part. The
2154:
2140:
9104:New York: Routledge, 1996, pp. 7–29.
8880:Malden Massachusetts: Polity Press, 2004.
8833:
8774:Markham-Cantor, Alice (28 October 2019).
8573:. Steyler Verlag, Nettetal, 1987. p. 201.
8557:. Steyler Verlag, Nettetal, 1987. p. 197.
8204:"Witch-hunts of low-caste women in Nepal"
7960:
7903:
7724:
6799:
6797:
6327:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.
6281:
6279:
6154:
6114:
6072:
5915:Witches and Witch-hunts: A global history
5912:
5757:. Oxford University Press. p. 1769.
5570:Witches and Witch-hunts: a Global History
5567:
5448:Witches and Witch-hunts: a Global History
5445:
5422:Witches and Witch-hunts: a Global History
5419:
5386:(1993) . "The Clash of Faiths (AD c. 300–
5262:Witches and Witch-Hunts: A Global History
5259:
5253:
5180:
5166:History of Rome, Book VIII, Chapter xviii
5156:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
4920:
4841:Witches and Witch-Hunts: A global history
4838:
4511: – 2020 interactive drama video game
3282:sentenced to witchcraft were only women.
2545:Christianisation in the Early Middle Ages
2530:as the Roman state religion in the 390s.
2430:Caius Furius Cressinus Accused of Sorcery
2253:
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
11689:Social determinants of health in poverty
10222:
9208:Swiss American Historical Society Review
8531:
8497:"Mob burns to death 11 Kenyan "witches""
8070:
7767:Engendering Violence in Papua New Guinea
7649:. Agence France-Presse. 12 December 2011
7187:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
7110:Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Volume 5
6812:Continuum International Publishing Group
6447:
5884:. Vol. 89, no. 4. p. 475.
5335:; Long, Jacqueline; Sherry, Lee (1993),
4863:
4509:The Dark Pictures Anthology: Little Hope
4494: – Practice of witch-hunts in Nepal
3600:
3463:. The act was finally repealed in 1951.
3413:
3257:
3249:
3212:
3073:
3007:
2963:
2954:Early Modern Europe and Colonial America
2880:
2777:
2645:
2522:Persecution of witches continued in the
2424:
452:Social determinants of health in poverty
144:
9875:Witch trials in the Spanish Netherlands
9111:New York: W.W. Norton & Co. (2009)
8887:. New York: The Humanities Press, 1962.
8320:
6857:
6834:
6673:
6607:
6571:
6318:
6139:
6024:
5722:
5195:
5082:
5067:
5056:
4743:New Dictionary of the American Language
4475:Witch trials in the early modern period
4427: – Reported symptom of bewitchment
4157:
4112:The term 'witch-hunt' can be used as a
3418:The drowning of an alleged witch, with
3245:
2960:Witch trials in the early modern period
2553:that the philosopher and mathematician
14:
13357:
11318:List of people executed for witchcraft
9165:Reginald Scot and Renaissance Writings
9029:
8807:
7197:
7182:
7079:
6892:"Laatste executie van heks in Borculo"
6803:
6794:
6769:
6766:, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 65
6735:
6658:
6629:
6546:
6514:
6492:
6276:
6255:
6236:
6230:
6039:
5959:Jolly; Raudvere; Peters, eds. (2002).
5940:
5894:
5877:
5833:Joan of Arc : a life transfigured
5584:"Internet History Sourcebooks Project"
5382:
5284:
5140:
5116:
5103:
4906:
4782:
4725:
4682:
4460:"The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street"
4361: – Belief in witchcraft in Europe
4199:List of people executed for witchcraft
3762:
2634:This conforms to the teachings of the
2486:. If the reports are accurate, writes
2323:which were preserved, in both ancient
11413:
11287:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
10196:
9527:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
9300:Witch trials in early modern Scotland
9238:
9003:The witch hunt in early modern Europe
8808:Almond, Philip C. (20 January 2020).
8569:, Vol. 41. Anthony J. Gittins :
8553:, Vol. 41. Anthony J. Gittins :
8439:
8272:
8215:from the original on 12 January 2022.
7761:
7623:from the original on 20 November 2011
7357:Mezzofiore, Gianluca (30 June 2015).
7242:
7215:
7037:
6938:
6837:"Their own imaginations they deceive"
6764:Witchcraft, a very short introduction
6579:Witchcraft, a very short introduction
6522:The Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe
6500:The Witch Hunt in Early Modern Europe
6142:University of Tübingen Research Paper
6044:. Uitgevering Pelckmans. p. 115.
5929:The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe
5826:
5824:
5750:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5302:
5234:
5228:
5186:
4745:. Simon & Schuster. p. 1633.
4730:. Duke University Press. p. 234.
4549:The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe
4148:National Rifle Association of America
3917:
3500:in 1775 (although not carried out).
2500:Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis
13339:
12379:Capital punishment for homosexuality
11694:Social determinants of mental health
9379:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661–62
9369:Great Scottish witch hunt of 1649–50
9032:Journal of Interdisciplinary History
8637:from the original on 12 January 2022
8303:
7383:Armstrong, Jeremy (6 January 2015).
7185:The Santals: Readings in Tribal Life
7155:
6990:
6400:. Kingshill, Sophia. London: Arrow.
5793:
5360:
4721:
4719:
4161:
3839:in Assam. In September 2013, in the
3699:In 2006, an illiterate Saudi woman,
2773:
2412:Against the Stepmother for Poisoning
2310:
1166:Capital punishment for homosexuality
457:Social determinants of mental health
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
12499:Genital modification and mutilation
10180:Witchcraft Act 1735 (Great Britain)
9898:Amersfoort and Utrecht witch trials
8615:Telegraph Video (5 February 2021).
7827:"Village 'witches' beaten in India"
7059:"Anna Maria Schwägelin (Schwägele)"
6583:. Oxford University Press. p.
6184:. Stamsund: Orkana. pp. 1–10.
5424:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 30–31.
5028:
5016:
4991:
4989:"witch" here translates the Hebrew
4683:Levack, Brian P. (26 August 2004).
4517: – 1989 Japanese animated film
4425:Medical explanations of bewitchment
4308:Christianization of the Sámi people
4209:Amersfoort and Utrecht witch trials
3736:
3535:There is no documented evidence of
3370:(Poland-Lithuania, Hungary, Russia)
2997:for going against the first of the
1286:Genital modification and mutilation
24:
13385:Christianity-related controversies
11439:
11384:Left-hand path and right-hand path
10959:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
10039:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
9637:Witch trials in Estonia and Latvia
9280:Witchcraft in early modern Britain
9167:. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
8962:. Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
8856:
8405:A Modern Movement of Witch Finders
8377:"Tanzania arrests 'witch killers'"
8348:"Congo witch-hunt's child victims"
8086:. 3 September 2013. Archived from
8004:. 21 December 2010. Archived from
7708:. Associated Press. Archived from
7107:Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke (1999).
7057:Wolfgang Petz (11 December 2007).
6777:Witch trials in Continental Europe
6661:Witchcraft in Early Modern England
6027:The Dark Side of Christian History
5917:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 18–19.
5821:
5782:A History of Medieval Christianity
5594:
5450:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 54–55.
4367: – Execution or murder method
3990:, appeared in the villages of the
3150:and lasted from 1645 to 1663. The
2802:was commissioned to deal with the
2794:The manuals of the Roman Catholic
2733:) apparently took place. However,
2540:European witchcraft § History
25:
13406:
9334:Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1597
9217:
8834:Gregorian, Dareh (10 June 2022).
8656:Al-Arshani, Sarah (25 May 2021).
8028:"Three 'witches' kill themselves"
7883:"Bengal tribesmen kill 'witches'"
7460:(Press release). 24 November 2009
7434:. 4 November 2009. Archived from
7038:Balog, Zdenko (1 February 2017).
6920:. executedtoday.com. 4 April 2010
6663:. Harlow, UK: Pearson. p. 6.
6290:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 15.
6224:"Follow the Pendle Witches trail"
5366:The Origin and Deeds of the Goths
5285:Soldan, Wilhelm Gottlieb (1843),
4716:
4596:Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
4594:case discussed by Weiland in the
3803:(NCW) reported that according to
13338:
13329:
13328:
12978:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
12815:Law for Protection of the Nation
12715:White genocide conspiracy theory
9305:Witchcraft in early modern Wales
9264:
9210:, Vol. 59: No. 1, Available at:
8827:
8801:
8767:
8734:
8709:
8675:
8649:
8608:
8601:, "Why I wrote 'The Crucible'",
8592:
8576:
8560:
8544:
8525:
8507:
8489:
8470:
8448:
8433:
8410:
8398:
8340:
8314:
8297:
8266:
8248:
8194:
8185:
8173:
8157:
8143:
8130:
8102:
7855:"'Witch' family killed in India"
7799:"Black Magic practices in India"
7755:
7679:
7661:
7609:
7587:
7561:
7535:
7509:
7487:
7472:
7450:
7420:
7402:
7376:
7350:
7331:
7312:
7303:
7284:
7263:
7236:
7191:
7176:
7149:
7127:
7100:
7073:
7050:
7031:
6991:Kern, Edmund M. (January 1999).
6984:
6958:
6939:Hagen, Rune Blix (28 May 2018).
6932:
6918:"Last witch executed in Denmark"
6910:
6884:
6851:
6828:
6680:. Routledge. pp. 267, 268.
6268:. Ticknor and Company. pp.
6119:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1–13.
5948:. Vol. 5. pp. 349–350.
5162:
5070:Magic in the Ancient Greek World
4870:Journal of Development Economics
4814:La Fontaine, Jean Sybil (1998).
4676:
4165:
4088:response by the populace to the
3946:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2655:King Kálmán (Coloman) of Hungary
2551:History of the Witchcraft Trials
1777:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1606:Law for Protection of the Nation
1502:White genocide conspiracy theory
182:
45:
12820:MSM blood donation restrictions
12568:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
9870:Witch trials in the Netherlands
9561:Pappenheimer family witch trial
8517:. 18 March 2009. Archived from
8417:Stephen Hayes (November 1995).
8273:Diwan, Mohammed (1 July 2004).
7245:Economic & Political Weekly
6966:"Timeline The Last Witchfinder"
6729:
6720:
6701:
6667:
6652:
6623:
6601:
6565:
6540:
6508:
6486:
6460:
6422:
6389:
6368:
6345:
6312:
6294:
6216:
6198:
6173:
6148:
6133:
6108:
6099:
6066:
6048:
6033:
6018:
5967:
5952:
5934:
5921:
5888:
5871:
5808:
5787:
5771:
5744:
5716:
5698:
5648:
5576:
5561:
5543:
5516:
5507:
5489:
5472:
5454:
5439:
5413:
5376:
5325:
5296:
5278:
5076:
5041:
5008:
4983:
4965:
4662:
4652:
4642:
4633:
4623:
4610:
4601:
4584:
4570:
4045:tribes of Southern Africa, the
3810:
3743:Witch-hunts in Papua New Guinea
3679:
3590:
3233:, the mother of the astronomer
3122:was executed for witchcraft in
2721:to his kindred, and enter into
2622:is shown in the decrees of the
2196:intensive period of witch-hunts
1611:MSM blood donation restrictions
1355:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
56:needs additional citations for
12833:(as religious or racial quota)
11082:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
10943:Summis desiderantes affectibus
10023:Summis desiderantes affectibus
9816:Navarre witch trials (1525–26)
9715:Vardø witch trials (1651–1653)
8532:Nossiter, Adam (20 May 2009).
8481:. Shikanda.net. Archived from
8321:de Waal, Mandy (30 May 2012).
7202:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
7137:. Swissinfo.ch. 27 August 2008
7135:"Last witch in Europe cleared"
7083:Opowieści prawdziwe i zmyślone
6781:Witchcraft and magic in Europe
6549:Witchcraft and Magic in Europe
6155:Willumsen, Liv Helene (2010).
6115:Willumsen, Liv Helene (2013).
5572:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 56.
5121:. Routledge. pp. 138–142.
4909:The Review of Economic Studies
4900:
4857:
4832:
4807:
4776:
4749:
4734:
3658:
2926:Summis desiderantes affectibus
2533:
1624:(as religious or racial quota)
13:
1:
13247:Second-generation gender bias
12963:Constitutional colorblindness
11684:Social determinants of health
9441:Northern Moravia witch trials
9345:Northamptonshire witch trials
8932:. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.
8479:"Witchcraft in Modern Africa"
7704:McGuirk, Rod (10 June 2013).
7218:Economic and Political Weekly
7113:. A&C Black. p. 88.
6323:The Long European Reformation
6159:. Bergen: Skald. p. 13.
6073:Midelfort, H.C. Erik (1972).
5984:American Journal of Sociology
5387:
4882:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.11.005
4786:A Brief History of Witchcraft
4710:
4254:Northern Moravia witch trials
3805:National Crime Records Bureau
3801:National Commission for Women
2840:In a notorious case in 1425,
2319:is addressed in the earliest
2054:Second-generation gender bias
1762:Constitutional colorblindness
447:Social determinants of health
11087:accusations against children
10983:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
10158:accusations against children
10063:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
9510:Trial of the Wizards of Lyon
9363:Bury St Edmunds witch trials
9285:Channel Islands Witch Trials
8477:van Binsbergen, Wim (2002).
7363:International Business Times
6262:Jewett, Clarence F. (1881).
5608:Kieckhefer, Richard (2014).
5260:Behringer, Wolfgang (2004).
5038:"diviner" in the Septuagint.
4839:Behringer, Wolfgang (2004).
4789:. Running Press. p. 5.
4522:
4214:Asten witch trial (in Dutch)
3368:Central & Eastern Europe
2844:accused his daughter-in-law
2688:is suggested in a sermon by
2178:. Practicing evil spells or
36:Witch trial (disambiguation)
7:
13158:Medical model of disability
13010:Hate speech laws by country
9480:Aix-en-Provence possessions
7065:(in German). Archived from
6638:. Oxford University Press.
6453:Akademie Schloss Solitude:
6396:Westwood, Jennifer (2011).
6056:"The History Today Archive"
5993:University of Chicago Press
5751:Cross, Livingstone (2005).
5612:(2nd ed.). Cambridge.
4328:
3118:as early as May 1647, when
2335:(18th century BC
1965:Medical model of disability
1809:Hate speech laws by country
32:Witch hunt (disambiguation)
10:
13411:
13370:Informal legal terminology
13267:Social model of disability
11739:Discrimination against men
11007:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
10087:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
9934:Liechtenstein witch trials
9615:Witch trial of Fuersteneck
9475:Labourd witch-hunt of 1609
9328:North Berwick witch trials
8996:Journal of British Studies
8866:. Stamsund: Orkana, 2014.
8567:Studia Instituti Anthropos
8551:Studia Instituti Anthropos
6858:Summers, Montague (2003).
6457:, retrieved: 21 April 2024
6319:Wallace, Peter G. (2004).
5835:(1st ed.). New York.
5831:Harrison, Kathryn (2014).
5501:National Catholic Register
5034:
5022:
4997:
4249:North Berwick witch trials
4244:Liechtenstein witch trials
4196:
4101:
4098:Figurative use of the term
3921:
3894:
3771:
3767:
3740:
3731:
3594:
3522:, Switzerland in 1782 and
3135:Springfield, Massachusetts
3053:North Berwick witch trials
2957:
2842:Hermann II, Count of Celje
2782:The burning of a woman in
2739:Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals
2586:. The ancient fabled King
2537:
2315:Punishment for malevolent
2306:Magic in the ancient world
2303:
2299:
2257:
2074:Social model of disability
502:Discrimination against men
29:
13324:
13063:
12940:
12733:
12620:Opposition to immigration
12344:
11984:
11831:
11591:
11541:Race / Ethnicity
11478:
11447:
11351:
11330:
11295:
11279:
11237:
11186:
11155:
11124:
11115:
11072:
11065:
11039:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
10902:
10779:
10619:
10432:
10365:
10241:
10234:
10145:
10119:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
9984:
9943:
9860:
9804:Val Camonica witch trials
9784:Witch trials in Catalonia
9771:
9692:Vardø witch trials (1621)
9624:
9519:
9462:
9435:Kasina Wielka witch trial
9417:
9374:Alloa witch trials (1658)
9272:
8910:(1975), Revised Edition:
7009:10.1017/S006723780001599X
6997:Austrian History Yearbook
6708:Noituus – Kuolemantuomiot
6353:"Estimates of executions"
6029:. Morningstar & Lark.
5899:. Routledge. p. 211.
4374:Christianity and paganism
4152:New York attorney general
4142:frequently used the term
3663:
3292:Gottfried Christian Voigt
3057:James VI of Scotland
2991:cannibalistic infanticide
2679:, in 1080, wrote to King
2659:Burchard, Bishop of Worms
2398:Ancient Greco-Roman world
1407:Opposition to immigration
296:Race / Ethnicity
156:, Switzerland (1585), by
12615:Occupational segregation
12384:Compulsory sterilization
11369:Christian views on magic
11047:The Discovery of Witches
10919:Directorium Inquisitorum
10127:The Discovery of Witches
9999:Directorium Inquisitorum
9969:Witch trials in New York
9957:Connecticut Witch Trials
9951:Witch trials in Virginia
9789:Witch trials in Portugal
9603:Mergentheim witch trials
9597:Baden-Baden witch trials
9365:(1645, 1662, 1655, 1694)
9149:. Pearson/Longman, 2007.
9072:Oldridge, Darren (ed.),
7040:"Magda Logomer Herucina"
6835:Addison, Joseph (1711).
6674:Goodare, Julian (2016).
6105:Behringer (2004), p. 83.
5610:Magic in the Middle Ages
5432:que interpretatur striga
5117:Dickie, Matthew (2003).
4864:Gershman, Boris (2016).
4448:Marie-Josephte Corriveau
4379:Christian views on magic
3890:
3585:Indian Rebellion of 1857
3530:
3384:(Spain, Portugal, Italy)
3144:Massachusetts Bay Colony
3112:The Discovery of Witches
2568:The 6th century AD
2260:Anthropology of religion
2202:and to a smaller extent
1402:Occupational segregation
1171:Compulsory sterilization
13143:Internalized oppression
13005:Fighting Discrimination
12995:Fat acceptance movement
12953:Anti-discrimination law
12593:Native American mascots
10975:De praestigiis daemonum
10927:De maleficis mulieribus
10055:De praestigiis daemonum
10007:De maleficis mulieribus
9904:Bredevoort witch trials
9851:Witch trial of Nogaredo
9732:Kastelholm witch trials
9668:Copenhagen witch trials
9647:Witch trials in Iceland
9642:Witch trials in Finland
9632:Witch trials in Denmark
9549:Rottenburg witch trials
9543:Wiesensteig witch trial
9425:Witch trials in Hungary
9408:Islandmagee witch trial
9290:Witch trials in England
9228:Douglas Linder (2005),
9188:. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
9184:Willumsen, Liv Helene.
9174:. Bergen: Skald, 2010.
9170:Willumsen, Liv Helene.
9123:The Demon-Haunted World
7080:Tazbir, Janusz (1994).
6860:Geography of Witchcraft
6736:Rapley, Robert (1998).
6677:The European Witch-Hunt
6630:Hutton, Ronald (1999).
6473:Encyclopedia Britannica
6363:Counting the Witch Hunt
6025:Ellerbe, Helen (1995).
5085:The Classical Quarterly
5068:Collins, Derek (2008).
4931:10.1111/0034-6527.00365
4541:Encyclopedia Britannica
4515:Kiki's Delivery Service
4313:Wiesensteig witch trial
4239:Islandmagee witch trial
4229:Bredevoort witch trials
3474:in 1695, and in Sweden
3162:Ponzinibio (fl. 1520),
3154:followed in 1692–1693.
3037:Christian IV of Denmark
3025:first major persecution
1950:Internalized oppression
1804:Fighting Discrimination
1794:Fat acceptance movement
1752:Anti-discrimination law
1380:Native American mascots
13262:Social identity threat
13235:Reverse discrimination
13225:Racial color blindness
12705:Violence against women
12685:Sex-selective abortion
11031:Compendium Maleficarum
11023:Magical Investigations
10914:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
10111:Compendium Maleficarum
10103:Magical Investigations
9994:(8th–2nd centuries BC)
9810:Mirandola witch trials
9794:Witch trials in Sicily
9657:Witch trials in Sweden
9652:Witch trials in Norway
9609:Esslingen witch trials
9579:Eichstätt witch trials
9537:Derenburg witch trials
9470:Witch trials in France
9430:Witch trials in Poland
9125:, Random House, 1996.
9015:Midlefort, Erick H.C.
8921:, Leiden: Brill, 2007.
8462:. 2004. Archived from
7769:. ANU Press: 107–136.
6659:Sharpe, James (2001).
6609:Barstow, Anne Lewellyn
6288:The Salem Witch Trials
5881:Review & Expositor
5794:Cohn, Norman (2000) .
5778:Jeffrey Burton Russell
5235:Ogden, Daniel (2002).
4762:. Wiley. p. 195.
4590:See, for example, the
4234:Derenburg witch trials
3609:
3555:population called the
3537:witch-hunting in India
3423:
3270:
3255:
3218:
3180:Alonso Salazar y Frías
3087:
3019:
2993:. It was also seen as
2969:
2892:
2863:
2791:
2727:
2651:
2632:
2600:
2473:
2437:
2434:Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours
2349:
2254:Anthropological causes
2194:from Christianity. An
2069:Social identity threat
2042:Reverse discrimination
2032:Racial color blindness
1492:Violence against women
1472:Sex-selective abortion
160:
13230:Religious intolerance
13190:Political correctness
13020:Intersex human rights
12968:Cultural assimilation
12650:Religious persecution
12414:Disability hate crime
12199:Jewish / Antisemitism
10654:Cloak of invisibility
10410:Solitary practitioner
10323:Witch-cult hypothesis
10170:Werewolf witch trials
9963:Maryland Witch Trials
9928:Salzburg witch trials
9845:Terrassa witch trials
9799:Witch trials in Spain
9779:Witch trials in Italy
9750:Katarina witch trials
9744:Torsåker witch trials
9720:Kirkjuból witch trial
9697:Akershus witch trials
9585:Würzburg witch trials
9573:Ellwangen witch trial
9532:Rottweil Witch Trials
9504:Affair of the Poisons
9498:Normandy witch trials
9453:Doruchowo witch trial
9074:The Witchcraft Reader
8946:Golden, William, ed.
8917:Durrant, Jonathan B.
8876:Behringer, Wolfgang.
8466:on 14 September 2012.
8304:Ally, Yaseen (2014).
6941:"Johanne Nielsdatter"
6868:10.4324/9781315822334
5897:The Witchcraft Reader
5814:See Franco Mormando,
5690:) CS1 maint: others (
5150:Yale University Press
4979:on 16 September 2007.
4958:Catholic Encyclopedia
4843:. Wiley. p. 50.
4783:Martin, Lois (2010).
4557:Anne Lewellyn Barstow
4504:Women in Christianity
4294:Torsåker witch trials
4203:Category:Witch trials
3928:In many societies of
3922:Further information:
3604:
3580:Chota Nagpur Division
3545:Chota Nagpur Division
3417:
3261:
3253:
3216:
3142:throughout England's
3077:
3011:
2967:
2898:Renaissance occultism
2884:
2858:
2829:, the Inquisition of
2781:
2701:
2681:Harald III of Denmark
2649:
2628:
2592:
2563:Socrates Scholasticus
2538:Further information:
2503:of 81 BC, killing by
2462:Gaius Furius Cresimus
2428:
2341:
2304:Further information:
2258:Further information:
2037:Religious intolerance
1997:Political correctness
1819:Intersex human rights
1767:Cultural assimilation
1437:Religious persecution
1201:Disability hate crime
978:Jewish / Antisemitism
148:
12635:Political repression
11644:Anti-left handedness
11634:Anti-intellectualism
11374:Magical organization
10889:Witches of Benevento
9910:Roermond witch trial
9880:Stedelen witch trial
9833:Witches of Laspaúles
9709:Rosborg witch trials
9686:Finspång witch trial
9591:Bamberg witch trials
9492:Louviers possessions
9390:Bideford witch trial
9295:Witchcraft in Orkney
9273:In the British Isles
9107:Robisheaux, Thomas.
8521:on 23 December 2014.
7183:Archer, W G (1979).
6898:on 28 September 2007
6713:1 March 2021 at the
6455:Kepler’s Witch Trial
6117:Witches of the North
6062:on 12 November 2007.
6040:Meewis, Wim (1992).
5189:The Life of Augustus
5072:. Malden: Blackwell.
4618:The Name of the Rose
4547:'s first edition of
4492:Witch-hunts in Nepal
4365:Execution by burning
4336:Ecclesiastical court
4323:Würzburg witch trial
4274:Roermond witch trial
4224:Bideford witch trial
4179:adding missing items
4158:List of witch trials
3897:Witch-hunts in Nepal
3829:Muzaffarpur district
3774:Witch-hunts in India
3505:Doruchów witch trial
3309:Executions (approx)
3288:nine million witches
3267:William Powell Frith
3246:Execution statistics
3239:duchy of Württemberg
3204:Bamberg witch trials
3202:(1626–1631) and the
3200:Würzburg witch trial
2972:The witch trials in
2912:and centered on the
2867:trial of Joan of Arc
2846:Veronika of Desenice
2751:Saint Thomas Aquinas
2690:Serapion of Vladimir
2624:Council of Paderborn
2384:Second Temple period
1422:Political repression
407:Anti-left handedness
397:Anti-intellectualism
152:of three witches in
65:improve this article
13138:Historical eugenics
12675:Segregation academy
12655:Religious terrorism
12444:Enemy of the people
12352:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
11871:Jehovah's Witnesses
11764:Perpetual foreigner
10991:Newes from Scotland
10951:Malleus Maleficarum
10328:Anglo-Saxon England
10071:Newes from Scotland
10031:Malleus Maleficarum
9892:Geneva witch trials
9886:Valais witch trials
9839:Basque witch trials
9762:Thisted witch trial
9756:Rugård witch trials
9703:Ramsele witch trial
9674:Gyldenstierne-sagen
9662:Põlula witch trials
9447:Szeged witch trials
8976:Gouges, Linnea de,
8090:on 6 September 2013
7976:. 23 September 2009
7739:(24 October 2017).
7483:. 16 February 2008.
7278:anton-praetorius.de
7156:Klimczak, Natalia.
6972:on 20 November 2011
6634:Triumph of the Moon
6374:Charles Alva Hoyt,
5537:Archbishop of Lyons
5503:. 16 February 2012.
5291:, Cotta, p. 82
5097:10.1093/cq/51.2.477
4359:European witchcraft
4269:Ramsele witch trial
4259:Orkney witch trials
4219:Basque witch trials
3873:Jalpaiguri district
3825:Sundergarh district
3763:Indian Subcontinent
3549:Company-ruled India
3299:
3104:the "swimming" test
3069:Pendle witch trials
3049:Witchcraft Act 1541
3045:Steilneset Memorial
2974:Early Modern Europe
2944:Malleus Maleficarum
2888:Malleus Maleficarum
2854:Bernardino of Siena
2825:In the case of the
2610:(314 AD), and
2559:Cyril of Alexandria
2208:Counter Reformation
2200:Early Modern Europe
1945:Historical eugenics
1462:Segregation academy
1442:Religious terrorism
1231:Enemy of the people
1139:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
642:Jehovah's Witnesses
527:Perpetual foreigner
13390:Modern witch hunts
13050:Social integration
13045:Self-determination
13035:Racial integration
12983:Diversity training
12973:Cultural pluralism
12948:Affirmative action
12848:Racial segregation
12758:Crime of apartheid
12660:Religious violence
12163:Indigenous people
11568:Sexual orientation
11343:Witches in fiction
11331:In popular culture
10905:historic treatises
9975:Salem witch trials
9821:Lisbon witch trial
9772:In Southern Europe
9726:Vardø witch trials
9625:In Northern Europe
9567:Fulda witch trials
9555:Trier witch trials
9486:Loudun possessions
9402:Pittenweem witches
9357:Witches of Belvoir
9351:Samlesbury witches
9322:Witches of Warboys
9145:Thurston, Robert.
9008:Macfarlane, Alan.
8897:Burns, William E.
8688:The New York Times
8538:The New York Times
8354:. 22 December 1999
8262:. 7 February 2010.
8140:, 30 October 2009.
8083:The Times of India
8058:. 4 September 2013
8008:on 2 February 2014
7910:Jill Schnoebelen.
7751:on 2 October 2013.
7687:"Unreported World"
7647:The New York Times
7438:on 10 January 2012
7414:Human Rights Watch
7198:Crooke, W (1969).
7164:on 27 October 2017
5975:Nachman Ben-Yehuda
5942:von Pastor, Ludwig
5913:Behringer (2004).
5568:Behringer (2004).
5535:]. Lyons, FR:
5446:Behringer (2004).
5420:Behringer (2004).
4995:, and is rendered
4498:Women and religion
4487:Modern witch-hunts
4481:Salem witch trials
4469:West Memphis Three
4396:Magic and religion
4390:Divine retribution
4318:Witches of Warboys
4304:Vardø witch trials
4299:Trier witch trials
4279:Salem witch trials
4177:; you can help by
4069:The New York Times
3980:Audrey I. Richards
3930:Sub-Saharan Africa
3918:Sub-Saharan Africa
3883:(tribal) workers.
3837:Kokrajhar district
3694:Human Rights Watch
3622:Sub-Saharan Africa
3610:
3597:Modern witch-hunts
3568:East India Company
3541:Singhbhum District
3472:Johanne Nilsdatter
3424:
3297:
3271:
3256:
3219:
3196:Fulda witch trials
3192:Trier witch trials
3152:Salem witch trials
3131:Salem witch trials
3088:
3020:
2970:
2921:Pope Innocent VIII
2893:
2792:
2746:Augustine of Hippo
2652:
2438:
2388:Simeon ben Shetach
2375:28, reporting how
2355:condemns sorcery.
2339:) prescribes that
2290:Age of Exploration
2224:sub-Saharan Africa
1849:Social integration
1844:Self-determination
1834:Racial integration
1782:Diversity training
1772:Cultural pluralism
1747:Affirmative action
1639:Racial segregation
1549:Crime of apartheid
1447:Religious violence
942:Indigenous people
323:Sexual orientation
161:
13352:
13351:
13220:Racism by country
13148:Intersectionality
13133:Heteronormativity
12932:Voter suppression
12680:Sexual harassment
12479:Forced conversion
12399:Cultural genocide
12062:African Americans
11881:post–Cold War era
11866:Eastern Orthodoxy
11629:Anti-drug addicts
11624:Anti-homelessness
11551:Scientific racism
11407:
11406:
11364:Witch (archetype)
11326:
11325:
11275:
11274:
10601:Sympathetic magic
10428:
10427:
10190:
10189:
9944:Outside of Europe
9922:Lukh witch trials
9418:In Eastern Europe
9180:978-82-7959-152-8
9117:978-0-393-06551-0
9001:Levack, Brian P.
8990:Levack, Brian P.
8969:978-0-631-18905-3
8872:978-82-8104-245-2
8605:, 13 October 1996
8589:, 10 October 2017
8383:. 23 October 2003
8030:. 24 October 2003
7835:. 20 October 2009
7523:. 3 November 2007
7224:(19): 1672–1676.
6877:978-0-7661-4536-8
6821:978-0-8264-8300-3
6814:. pp. 1–18.
6762:Gaskill, Malcolm
6749:978-0-7190-5528-7
6687:978-1-317-19831-4
6645:978-0-19-820744-3
6594:978-0-19-923695-4
6338:978-0-333-64451-5
6248:978-0-7190-6204-9
6191:978-82-8104-245-2
6166:978-82-7959-152-8
5726:(16 March 2016).
5555:Patrologia Latina
5466:Bible Apologetics
5370:Charles C. Mierow
5348:978-0-520-06550-5
5246:978-0-19-513575-6
5221:978-0-520-06067-8
5152:. pp. 59–66.
4825:978-0-521-62934-8
4384:Conspiracy theory
4195:
4194:
4124:witch-hunt' and '
3982:, in the journal
3632:is Saudi Arabia.
3407:
3406:
3328:Holy Roman Empire
3198:(1603–1606), the
3194:(1581–1593), the
3186:(1591–1635), and
3116:American colonies
3108:pricking the skin
3096:English Civil War
3003:violating majesty
2979:Thirty Years' War
2939:Ludwig von Pastor
2816:Pope Alexander IV
2774:Later Middle Ages
2492:Republican Romans
2420:Theoris of Lemnos
2333:Code of Hammurabi
2311:Ancient Near East
2212:Thirty Years' War
2164:
2163:
2027:Racism by country
1955:Intersectionality
1940:Heteronormativity
1723:Voter suppression
1467:Sexual harassment
1266:Forced conversion
1186:Cultural genocide
841:African Americans
652:post–Cold War era
637:Eastern Orthodoxy
392:Anti-drug addicts
387:Anti-homelessness
306:Scientific racism
158:Johann Jakob Wick
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
13402:
13375:Crowd psychology
13342:
13341:
13332:
13331:
13272:Social privilege
13257:Social exclusion
13185:Police brutality
13106:Multiculturalism
13076:Amatonormativity
12907:Social exclusion
12743:Age of candidacy
12543:Homeless dumping
12449:Ethnic cleansing
11434:
11427:
11420:
11411:
11410:
11338:Magic in fiction
11168:Northern Moravia
11122:
11121:
11102:Papua New Guinea
11070:
11069:
10854:Nine sorceresses
10606:Witches' Sabbath
10455:Ceremonial magic
10445:Apotropaic magic
10239:
10238:
10217:
10210:
10203:
10194:
10193:
9738:Mora witch trial
9316:St Osyth Witches
9259:
9252:
9245:
9236:
9235:
9163:West, Robert H.
9152:Purkiss, Diane.
9055:
8983:Klaits, Joseph.
8973:
8961:
8943:
8926:Federici, Silvia
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8831:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8814:The Conversation
8805:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8762:
8760:
8738:
8732:
8731:
8729:
8727:
8713:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8679:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8668:
8662:Business Insider
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8620:
8612:
8606:
8596:
8590:
8580:
8574:
8564:
8558:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8511:
8505:
8504:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8474:
8468:
8467:
8452:
8446:
8445:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8388:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8359:
8344:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8318:
8312:
8311:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8270:
8264:
8263:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8226:
8217:
8216:
8206:
8198:
8192:
8189:
8183:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8147:
8141:
8134:
8128:
8117:, 26 July 2010.
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8035:
8024:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8013:
7992:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7936:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7916:
7907:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7879:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7868:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7747:. Archived from
7733:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7701:
7695:
7694:
7683:
7677:
7676:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7513:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7454:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7316:
7310:
7307:
7301:
7300:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7275:
7271:"Entschuldigung"
7267:
7261:
7260:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7213:
7204:
7203:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7160:. Archived from
7153:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7035:
7029:
7028:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6968:. Archived from
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6801:
6792:
6775:William Monter:
6773:
6767:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6733:
6727:
6724:
6718:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6637:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6582:
6573:Gaskill, Malcolm
6569:
6563:
6562:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6525:
6516:Levack, Brian P.
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6494:Levack, Brian P.
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6464:
6458:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6434:English Heritage
6426:
6420:
6419:
6393:
6387:
6372:
6366:
6356:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6326:
6316:
6310:
6309:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6283:
6274:
6273:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6080:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6058:. Archived from
6052:
6046:
6045:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6009:
6007:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5938:
5932:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5862:
5854:
5828:
5819:
5812:
5806:
5805:
5791:
5785:
5775:
5769:
5768:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5736:. Archived from
5724:Selwood, Dominic
5720:
5714:
5713:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5685:
5677:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5639:
5631:
5605:
5592:
5591:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5565:
5559:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5493:
5487:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5392:
5389:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5368:. Translated by
5358:
5352:
5351:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5304:Watts, Edward J.
5300:
5294:
5292:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5209:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5138:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5101:
5100:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5065:
5054:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4975:. Archived from
4969:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4924:
4915:(4): 1153–1172.
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4884:. Archived from
4861:
4855:
4854:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4803:on 21 June 2013.
4799:. Archived from
4780:
4774:
4773:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4723:
4705:
4700:
4680:
4674:
4666:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4599:
4588:
4582:
4574:
4568:
4537:
4465:
4454:Pierre de Lancre
4444:
4370:
4289:St Osyth Witches
4190:
4187:
4169:
4168:
4162:
3841:Jashpur district
3737:Papua New Guinea
3722:Al Jawf Province
3649:social cleansing
3518:was executed in
3476:Anna Eriksdotter
3300:
3296:
3231:Katharina Kepler
3188:Balthasar Bekker
3176:Anton Praetorius
3084:Bamberg, Germany
2999:Ten Commandments
2910:Council of Basel
2764:Snorri Sturluson
2715:threefold ordeal
2677:Pope Gregory VII
2641:Agobard of Lyons
2602:The Councils of
2590:is said to have
2476:
2337:short chronology
2228:Papua New Guinea
2204:Colonial America
2156:
2149:
2142:
2079:Social privilege
2064:Social exclusion
1992:Police brutality
1913:Multiculturalism
1883:Amatonormativity
1698:Social exclusion
1534:Age of candidacy
1330:Homeless dumping
1236:Ethnic cleansing
186:
163:
162:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
13410:
13409:
13405:
13404:
13403:
13401:
13400:
13399:
13355:
13354:
13353:
13348:
13320:
13195:Polyculturalism
13091:Civil liberties
13059:
13040:Reappropriation
12941:Countermeasures
12936:
12865:Racial steering
12831:Numerus clausus
12735:
12729:
12454:Ethnic conflict
12389:Corrective rape
12340:
11980:
11827:
11719:HIV/AIDS stigma
11587:
11536:Mental disorder
11474:
11443:
11438:
11408:
11403:
11347:
11322:
11291:
11271:
11233:
11187:Northern Europe
11182:
11151:
11111:
11061:
10904:
10898:
10781:
10775:
10714:Magical weapons
10664:Flying ointment
10615:
10460:Magical formula
10424:
10361:
10308:Greece and Rome
10230:
10221:
10191:
10186:
10175:Witchcraft Acts
10141:
9980:
9939:
9916:Spa witch trial
9862:
9856:
9767:
9620:
9515:
9458:
9413:
9396:Paisley witches
9310:Windsor Witches
9268:
9263:
9220:
9086:Poole, Robert.
8970:
8940:
8859:
8857:Further reading
8854:
8844:
8842:
8832:
8828:
8818:
8816:
8806:
8802:
8792:
8790:
8772:
8768:
8758:
8756:
8746:Washington Post
8740:
8739:
8735:
8725:
8723:
8715:
8714:
8710:
8700:
8698:
8680:
8676:
8666:
8664:
8654:
8650:
8640:
8638:
8613:
8609:
8597:
8593:
8587:Smithsonian.com
8581:
8577:
8565:
8561:
8549:
8545:
8530:
8526:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8495:
8494:
8490:
8485:on 11 May 2003.
8475:
8471:
8454:
8453:
8449:
8438:
8434:
8429:on 3 July 2006.
8415:
8411:
8403:
8399:
8386:
8384:
8375:
8374:
8367:
8357:
8355:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8331:
8329:
8319:
8315:
8302:
8298:
8271:
8267:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8239:
8237:
8228:
8227:
8220:
8209:Telegraph.co.uk
8199:
8195:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8174:
8163:
8162:
8158:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8135:
8131:
8127:, 26 July 2010.
8107:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8061:
8059:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8033:
8031:
8026:
8025:
8021:
8011:
8009:
7994:
7993:
7989:
7979:
7977:
7966:
7965:
7961:
7951:
7949:
7938:
7937:
7933:
7923:
7921:
7914:
7908:
7904:
7894:
7892:
7891:. 27 March 2003
7881:
7880:
7876:
7866:
7864:
7853:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7825:
7824:
7820:
7810:
7808:
7797:
7796:
7792:
7777:
7760:
7756:
7745:The Global Mail
7734:
7725:
7715:
7713:
7702:
7698:
7685:
7684:
7680:
7675:. 19 June 2012.
7667:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7600:
7598:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7578:
7576:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7552:
7550:
7541:
7540:
7536:
7526:
7524:
7515:
7514:
7510:
7500:
7498:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7478:
7477:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7456:
7455:
7451:
7441:
7439:
7426:
7425:
7421:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7393:
7391:
7381:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7355:
7351:
7336:
7332:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7304:
7289:
7285:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7241:
7237:
7214:
7207:
7196:
7192:
7181:
7177:
7167:
7165:
7154:
7150:
7140:
7138:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7121:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7078:
7074:
7069:on 31 May 2008.
7055:
7051:
7036:
7032:
6989:
6985:
6975:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6959:
6949:
6947:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6901:
6899:
6890:
6889:
6885:
6878:
6856:
6852:
6847:(117): 208–212.
6833:
6829:
6822:
6802:
6795:
6774:
6770:
6761:
6757:
6750:
6734:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6715:Wayback Machine
6706:
6702:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6672:
6668:
6657:
6653:
6646:
6628:
6624:
6606:
6602:
6595:
6570:
6566:
6559:
6545:
6541:
6534:
6513:
6509:
6491:
6487:
6477:
6475:
6465:
6461:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6408:
6394:
6390:
6373:
6369:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6317:
6313:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6284:
6277:
6260:
6256:
6249:
6235:
6231:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6192:
6178:
6174:
6167:
6153:
6149:
6138:
6134:
6127:
6113:
6109:
6104:
6100:
6093:
6071:
6067:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6038:
6034:
6023:
6019:
6005:
6003:
5972:
5968:
5957:
5953:
5939:
5935:
5926:
5922:
5911:
5904:
5893:
5889:
5876:
5872:
5856:
5855:
5843:
5829:
5822:
5813:
5809:
5792:
5788:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5749:
5745:
5740:on 28 May 2014.
5721:
5717:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5679:
5678:
5666:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5633:
5632:
5620:
5606:
5595:
5588:www.fordham.edu
5582:
5581:
5577:
5566:
5562:
5548:
5544:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5495:
5494:
5490:
5477:
5473:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5444:
5440:
5418:
5414:
5407:
5390:
5381:
5377:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5301:
5297:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5258:
5254:
5247:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5161:
5157:
5139:
5126:
5115:
5104:
5081:
5077:
5066:
5057:
5046:
5042:
5013:
5009:
4988:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4922:10.1.1.370.6294
4905:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4888:on 18 July 2021
4862:
4858:
4851:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4812:
4808:
4797:
4781:
4777:
4770:
4754:
4750:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4724:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4697:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4571:
4553:Malcolm Gaskill
4545:Brian P. Levack
4538:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4463:
4442:
4419:Trial by ordeal
4368:
4331:
4306:as part of the
4284:Spa witch trial
4205:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4166:
4160:
4144:on Twitter
4110:
4104:Siege mentality
4100:
4002:containers for
3926:
3920:
3905:Witch-hunts in
3903:
3895:Main articles:
3893:
3853:northern states
3813:
3782:Some people in
3780:
3772:Main articles:
3770:
3765:
3745:
3739:
3734:
3726:Najran Province
3682:
3666:
3661:
3599:
3593:
3533:
3494:Anna Schwegelin
3428:Witchcraft Acts
3412:
3382:Southern Europe
3306:Trials (approx)
3263:The Witch Trial
3248:
3235:Johannes Kepler
3092:Matthew Hopkins
3061:Anne of Denmark
2962:
2956:
2935:Heinrich Kramer
2879:
2827:Madonna Oriente
2809:Knights Templar
2776:
2768:Olaf Trygvasson
2735:Pope Nicholas I
2731:Roman civil law
2643:(810 AD).
2616:Catholic Church
2606:(306 AD),
2547:
2542:
2536:
2513:Sibylline Books
2469:Classical Latin
2400:
2382:In the Judaean
2313:
2308:
2302:
2274:anthropological
2270:
2264:Human sacrifice
2256:
2188:medieval Europe
2160:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2002:Polyculturalism
1898:Civil liberties
1870:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1839:Reappropriation
1739:
1738:Countermeasures
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1656:Racial steering
1622:Numerus clausus
1526:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1241:Ethnic conflict
1176:Corrective rape
1131:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
766:
755:
754:
753:
752:
751:
604:
594:
593:
592:
591:
590:
482:HIV/AIDS stigma
354:
346:
345:
344:
343:
342:
291:Mental disorder
233:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
194:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13408:
13398:
13397:
13392:
13387:
13382:
13377:
13372:
13367:
13350:
13349:
13347:
13346:
13336:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13318:
13313:
13312:
13311:
13301:
13296:
13291:
13290:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13243:
13242:
13240:Reverse racism
13232:
13227:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13210:Prisoner abuse
13207:
13202:
13200:Power distance
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13166:
13165:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13118:Ethnic penalty
13115:
13114:
13113:
13111:Neurodiversity
13108:
13098:
13096:Dehumanization
13093:
13088:
13086:Cisnormativity
13083:
13078:
13073:
13067:
13065:
13064:Related topics
13061:
13060:
13058:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12986:
12985:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12944:
12942:
12938:
12937:
12935:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12922:State religion
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12903:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12861:
12860:
12858:Nuremberg Laws
12855:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12800:Ghetto benches
12797:
12795:Gerrymandering
12792:
12787:
12782:
12780:Gender pay gap
12777:
12776:
12775:
12770:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12739:
12737:
12734:Discriminatory
12731:
12730:
12728:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12692:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12563:Lavender scare
12560:
12558:Kill Haole Day
12555:
12553:Indian rolling
12550:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12530:
12529:
12528:
12518:
12513:
12512:
12511:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12439:Eliminationism
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12374:Cancel culture
12371:
12366:
12361:
12360:
12359:
12348:
12346:
12345:Manifestations
12342:
12341:
12339:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12241:Middle Eastern
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12207:
12206:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12180:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12075:
12074:
12069:
12064:
12054:
12049:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11991:
11989:
11982:
11981:
11979:
11978:
11976:Zoroastrianism
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11941:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11907:
11906:
11905:
11903:Untouchability
11900:
11890:
11885:
11884:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11837:
11835:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11793:
11792:
11791:
11786:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11729:Leprosy stigma
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11595:
11593:
11589:
11588:
11586:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11554:
11553:
11548:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11482:
11480:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11451:
11449:
11445:
11444:
11441:Discrimination
11437:
11436:
11429:
11422:
11414:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11355:
11353:
11349:
11348:
11346:
11345:
11340:
11334:
11332:
11328:
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11323:
11321:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11299:
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11293:
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11277:
11276:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11269:
11268:
11267:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11241:
11239:
11238:Western Europe
11235:
11234:
11232:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11190:
11188:
11184:
11183:
11181:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11165:
11159:
11157:
11156:Eastern Europe
11153:
11152:
11150:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11128:
11126:
11119:
11113:
11112:
11110:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
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11076:
11067:
11063:
11062:
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11059:
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11027:
11019:
11011:
11003:
10995:
10987:
10979:
10971:
10963:
10955:
10947:
10939:
10931:
10923:
10915:
10908:
10906:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10896:
10894:Witch of Endor
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10785:
10783:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10773:
10771:Witch's ladder
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10722:
10721:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10691:
10686:
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10676:
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10666:
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10646:
10645:
10644:
10634:
10629:
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10617:
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10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
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10578:
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10576:
10571:
10566:
10556:
10551:
10546:
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10536:
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10526:
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10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10490:
10489:
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10463:
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10452:
10447:
10442:
10436:
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10429:
10426:
10425:
10423:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10401:
10400:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10369:
10367:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10357:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10280:
10279:
10278:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10245:
10243:
10236:
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10231:
10220:
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10142:
10140:
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10123:
10115:
10107:
10099:
10091:
10083:
10075:
10067:
10059:
10051:
10043:
10035:
10027:
10019:
10011:
10003:
9995:
9988:
9986:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9978:
9972:
9966:
9960:
9954:
9947:
9945:
9941:
9940:
9938:
9937:
9931:
9925:
9919:
9913:
9907:
9901:
9895:
9889:
9883:
9877:
9872:
9866:
9864:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9854:
9848:
9842:
9836:
9830:
9824:
9818:
9813:
9807:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9775:
9773:
9769:
9768:
9766:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9747:
9741:
9735:
9729:
9723:
9717:
9712:
9706:
9700:
9694:
9689:
9683:
9677:
9671:
9665:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9628:
9626:
9622:
9621:
9619:
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9612:
9606:
9600:
9594:
9588:
9582:
9576:
9570:
9564:
9558:
9552:
9546:
9540:
9534:
9529:
9523:
9521:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9513:
9507:
9501:
9495:
9489:
9483:
9477:
9472:
9466:
9464:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9456:
9450:
9444:
9438:
9432:
9427:
9421:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9405:
9399:
9393:
9387:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9360:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9339:Pendle witches
9336:
9331:
9325:
9319:
9313:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9276:
9274:
9270:
9269:
9262:
9261:
9254:
9247:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9226:
9219:
9218:External links
9216:
9215:
9214:
9204:
9182:
9168:
9161:
9150:
9143:
9141:978-1973105756
9133:
9119:
9105:
9098:
9084:
9070:
9056:
9044:10.2307/202315
9038:(4): 435–451.
9027:
9013:
9006:
8999:
8988:
8981:
8974:
8968:
8951:
8944:
8938:
8922:
8915:
8904:Cohn, Norman.
8902:
8895:
8888:
8881:
8874:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8852:
8826:
8800:
8766:
8733:
8708:
8674:
8648:
8607:
8603:The New Yorker
8591:
8575:
8571:Mende Religion
8559:
8555:Mende Religion
8543:
8524:
8506:
8503:. 21 May 2008.
8488:
8469:
8447:
8444:. Vol. 6.
8432:
8409:
8397:
8365:
8339:
8327:Daily Maverick
8313:
8296:
8285:(2): 351–388.
8265:
8247:
8236:. 31 July 2013
8218:
8193:
8184:
8180:Womensnews.org
8172:
8156:
8142:
8129:
8101:
8069:
8041:
8019:
7987:
7959:
7931:
7902:
7874:
7863:. 12 June 2008
7846:
7818:
7804:Deutsche Welle
7790:
7785:j.ctt24hcwt.10
7775:
7754:
7723:
7712:on 17 May 2021
7696:
7678:
7660:
7634:
7608:
7586:
7575:. 2 April 2010
7560:
7534:
7508:
7486:
7471:
7449:
7419:
7401:
7375:
7349:
7330:
7311:
7302:
7283:
7262:
7235:
7205:
7190:
7175:
7148:
7126:
7119:
7099:
7092:
7072:
7063:Historicum.net
7049:
7030:
6983:
6957:
6931:
6909:
6883:
6876:
6850:
6827:
6820:
6793:
6768:
6755:
6748:
6728:
6719:
6700:
6686:
6666:
6651:
6644:
6622:
6600:
6593:
6564:
6557:
6539:
6532:
6507:
6485:
6459:
6446:
6421:
6406:
6388:
6367:
6344:
6337:
6311:
6308:. 10 May 2011.
6293:
6275:
6254:
6247:
6229:
6215:
6197:
6190:
6172:
6165:
6147:
6132:
6125:
6107:
6098:
6091:
6065:
6047:
6032:
6017:
5966:
5963:. p. 241.
5951:
5933:
5920:
5902:
5887:
5870:
5841:
5820:
5807:
5786:
5770:
5763:
5743:
5715:
5697:
5664:
5647:
5618:
5593:
5575:
5560:
5542:
5515:
5506:
5488:
5471:
5453:
5438:
5412:
5405:
5384:Hutton, Ronald
5375:
5353:
5347:
5324:
5319:978-0520258167
5318:
5295:
5277:
5271:978-0745627175
5270:
5252:
5245:
5227:
5220:
5194:
5179:
5155:
5142:Hutton, Ronald
5124:
5102:
5075:
5055:
5040:
5007:
4982:
4964:
4955:"Witchcraft".
4944:
4899:
4856:
4849:
4831:
4824:
4806:
4795:
4775:
4768:
4748:
4741:"witch hunt".
4733:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4695:
4675:
4670:Sachsenspiegel
4661:
4651:
4641:
4632:
4622:
4609:
4600:
4583:
4569:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:Donas de fuera
4436:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4376:
4371:
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4351:
4345:
4339:
4332:
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4327:
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4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Pendle witches
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4193:
4192:
4172:
4170:
4159:
4156:
4136:cancel culture
4099:
4096:
4060:burnt to death
4047:witch smellers
3919:
3916:
3892:
3889:
3812:
3809:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3741:Main article:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3681:
3678:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3595:Main article:
3592:
3589:
3532:
3529:
3436:Joseph Addison
3422:as the incitor
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3336:25,000–30,000
3334:
3331:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3247:
3244:
3184:Friedrich Spee
3172:Cornelius Loos
3120:Margaret Jones
3017:T. H. Matteson
2958:Main article:
2955:
2952:
2914:Duchy of Savoy
2878:
2875:
2820:Pope John XXII
2775:
2772:
2636:Canon Episcopi
2546:
2543:
2535:
2532:
2454:5th century BC
2399:
2396:
2312:
2309:
2301:
2298:
2255:
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2162:
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2159:
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2096:
2091:
2086:
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2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2047:Reverse racism
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2017:Prisoner abuse
2014:
2009:
2007:Power distance
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Ethnic penalty
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:Neurodiversity
1915:
1905:
1903:Dehumanization
1900:
1895:
1893:Cisnormativity
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:Related topics
1868:
1867:
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1720:
1715:
1713:State religion
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
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1649:Nuremberg Laws
1646:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Ghetto benches
1588:
1586:Gerrymandering
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:Gender pay gap
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
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1377:
1372:
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1357:
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1350:Lavender scare
1347:
1345:Kill Haole Day
1342:
1340:Indian rolling
1337:
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1327:
1322:
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1226:Eliminationism
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Cancel culture
1158:
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1135:
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1132:
1130:Manifestations
1129:
1128:
1125:
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1020:Middle Eastern
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761:
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757:
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750:
749:
747:Zoroastrianism
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
723:
722:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
678:
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676:
674:Untouchability
671:
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624:
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539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
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494:
492:Leprosy stigma
489:
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474:
469:
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220:
219:
214:
209:
204:
198:
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196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
179:
178:
176:Discrimination
172:
171:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13407:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13365:Witch hunting
13363:
13362:
13360:
13345:
13337:
13335:
13327:
13326:
13323:
13317:
13314:
13310:
13307:
13306:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13294:Social stigma
13292:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
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13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
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13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
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13062:
13056:
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13051:
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13041:
13038:
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13028:
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13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12984:
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12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12945:
12943:
12939:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12917:State atheism
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12882:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12853:Jim Crow laws
12851:
12850:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12838:One-drop rule
12836:
12834:
12832:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12765:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12753:Blood quantum
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12740:
12738:
12732:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12700:Victimisation
12698:
12696:
12695:Trans bashing
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12665:Religious war
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12645:Racialization
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12524:
12523:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12516:Glass ceiling
12514:
12510:
12507:
12506:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12470:
12467:
12465:
12462:
12460:
12459:Ethnic hatred
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12394:Counter-jihad
12392:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12353:
12350:
12349:
12347:
12343:
12337:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12178:
12177:United States
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12164:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12059:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12041:
12040:United States
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12027:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11992:
11990:
11988:
11983:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11961:Protestantism
11959:
11957:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11917:
11916:
11913:
11912:
11911:
11908:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11895:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11876:LDS or Mormon
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11858:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11838:
11836:
11834:
11830:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11806:Transmisogyny
11804:
11802:
11799:
11798:
11797:
11794:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11781:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11709:Gerontophobia
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11639:Anti-intersex
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11614:Anti-albinism
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11590:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11543:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11483:
11481:
11477:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11455:Institutional
11453:
11452:
11450:
11446:
11442:
11435:
11430:
11428:
11423:
11421:
11416:
11415:
11412:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11394:Folk religion
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11356:
11354:
11350:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11335:
11333:
11329:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11300:
11298:
11294:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11278:
11266:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11242:
11240:
11236:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11185:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11154:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11114:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11075:
11071:
11068:
11064:
11057:
11056:
11052:
11049:
11048:
11044:
11041:
11040:
11036:
11033:
11032:
11028:
11025:
11024:
11020:
11017:
11016:
11012:
11009:
11008:
11004:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10993:
10992:
10988:
10985:
10984:
10980:
10977:
10976:
10972:
10969:
10968:
10964:
10961:
10960:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10940:
10937:
10936:
10932:
10929:
10928:
10924:
10921:
10920:
10916:
10913:
10910:
10909:
10907:
10901:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10884:Three Witches
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10844:Morgan le Fay
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10778:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10720:
10717:
10716:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10689:Kitchen witch
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10618:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10461:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10399:
10396:
10395:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10370:
10368:
10364:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10340:Latin America
10338:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10285:
10284:
10281:
10277:
10274:
10273:
10272:
10269:
10265:
10264:Witch smeller
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10251:
10250:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10240:
10237:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10218:
10213:
10211:
10206:
10204:
10199:
10198:
10195:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10156:
10155:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10144:
10137:
10136:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10116:
10113:
10112:
10108:
10105:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10088:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10068:
10065:
10064:
10060:
10057:
10056:
10052:
10049:
10048:
10044:
10041:
10040:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10028:
10025:
10024:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10012:
10009:
10008:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9996:
9993:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9983:
9976:
9973:
9970:
9967:
9964:
9961:
9958:
9955:
9952:
9949:
9948:
9946:
9942:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9923:
9920:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9905:
9902:
9899:
9896:
9893:
9890:
9887:
9884:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9859:
9852:
9849:
9846:
9843:
9840:
9837:
9834:
9831:
9828:
9825:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9776:
9774:
9770:
9763:
9760:
9757:
9754:
9751:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9733:
9730:
9727:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9710:
9707:
9704:
9701:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9681:
9678:
9675:
9672:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9604:
9601:
9598:
9595:
9592:
9589:
9586:
9583:
9580:
9577:
9574:
9571:
9568:
9565:
9562:
9559:
9556:
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9550:
9547:
9544:
9541:
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9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9518:
9511:
9508:
9505:
9502:
9499:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9484:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9461:
9454:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9442:
9439:
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9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
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9420:
9416:
9409:
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9400:
9397:
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9391:
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9377:
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9364:
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9335:
9332:
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9323:
9320:
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9311:
9308:
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9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9260:
9255:
9253:
9248:
9246:
9241:
9240:
9237:
9231:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9213:
9209:
9205:
9203:
9202:9789004252929
9199:
9195:
9194:9789004252912
9191:
9187:
9183:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9166:
9162:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9132:
9131:0-394-53512-X
9128:
9124:
9121:Sagan, Carl.
9120:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9106:
9103:
9099:
9097:
9096:0-7190-6204-7
9093:
9089:
9085:
9083:
9082:0-415-21492-0
9079:
9075:
9071:
9069:
9068:90-04-09761-9
9065:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9028:
9026:
9025:0-8047-0805-3
9022:
9018:
9014:
9011:
9007:
9004:
9000:
8997:
8993:
8989:
8986:
8982:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8960:
8959:
8952:
8949:
8945:
8941:
8939:1-57027-059-7
8935:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8920:
8916:
8913:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8900:
8896:
8893:
8889:
8886:
8883:Briggs, K.M.
8882:
8879:
8875:
8873:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8860:
8841:
8837:
8830:
8815:
8811:
8804:
8789:
8785:
8781:
8777:
8770:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8743:
8737:
8722:
8721:www.aa.com.tr
8718:
8712:
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8689:
8685:
8678:
8663:
8659:
8652:
8636:
8632:
8628:
8624:
8623:The Telegraph
8619:
8611:
8604:
8600:
8599:Arthur Miller
8595:
8588:
8584:
8583:Jackie Mansky
8579:
8572:
8568:
8563:
8556:
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8547:
8539:
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8465:
8461:
8457:
8451:
8443:
8436:
8428:
8424:
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8413:
8406:
8401:
8394:
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8378:
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8370:
8353:
8349:
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8328:
8324:
8317:
8309:
8308:
8300:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8251:
8235:
8231:
8225:
8223:
8214:
8210:
8205:
8197:
8188:
8181:
8176:
8168:
8167:
8160:
8152:
8146:
8139:
8133:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8116:
8112:
8111:
8105:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8073:
8057:
8056:
8051:
8045:
8029:
8023:
8007:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7991:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7948:. 4 June 2013
7947:
7946:
7941:
7935:
7920:
7913:
7906:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7878:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7822:
7807:. 23 May 2012
7806:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7776:9781921862854
7772:
7768:
7764:
7763:Gibbs, Philip
7758:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7711:
7707:
7700:
7692:
7688:
7682:
7674:
7670:
7664:
7648:
7644:
7638:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7596:
7590:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7549:. 15 May 2010
7548:
7544:
7538:
7522:
7518:
7512:
7496:
7490:
7482:
7475:
7459:
7453:
7437:
7433:
7432:Saudi Gazette
7429:
7423:
7415:
7411:
7405:
7390:
7386:
7379:
7364:
7360:
7353:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7315:
7306:
7298:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7272:
7266:
7258:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7210:
7201:
7194:
7186:
7179:
7163:
7159:
7152:
7136:
7130:
7122:
7120:9780485890051
7116:
7112:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7093:9788385083368
7089:
7086:. Twój Styl.
7085:
7084:
7076:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7053:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6987:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6946:
6942:
6935:
6919:
6913:
6897:
6893:
6887:
6879:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6854:
6846:
6842:
6841:The Spectator
6838:
6831:
6823:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6800:
6798:
6790:
6789:0-8122-1787-X
6786:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6765:
6759:
6751:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6732:
6723:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6704:
6689:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6670:
6662:
6655:
6647:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6626:
6617:
6616:
6610:
6604:
6596:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6560:
6558:0-8122-1787-X
6554:
6550:
6543:
6535:
6533:9780582419018
6529:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6511:
6504:. p. 21.
6502:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6474:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6450:
6435:
6431:
6425:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6407:9780099547167
6403:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6384:0-8093-1544-0
6381:
6377:
6371:
6364:
6360:
6359:Ronald Hutton
6354:
6348:
6340:
6334:
6330:
6325:
6324:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6289:
6282:
6280:
6271:
6267:
6266:
6258:
6250:
6244:
6240:
6233:
6225:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6193:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6162:
6158:
6151:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6126:9789004252912
6122:
6118:
6111:
6102:
6094:
6092:9780804708050
6088:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6069:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6043:
6042:De Vierschaar
6036:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5977:(July 1980).
5976:
5970:
5962:
5955:
5947:
5943:
5937:
5930:
5924:
5916:
5909:
5907:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5860:
5852:
5848:
5844:
5842:9780385531207
5838:
5834:
5827:
5825:
5817:
5811:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5790:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5766:
5764:9780192802903
5760:
5756:
5755:
5747:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5733:The Telegraph
5729:
5725:
5719:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5665:9780199608447
5661:
5657:
5651:
5643:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5619:9781139923484
5615:
5611:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5589:
5585:
5579:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5510:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5467:
5463:
5462:"witch hunts"
5457:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5416:
5408:
5406:0-631-18946-7
5402:
5398:
5397:
5385:
5379:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5350:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5333:Cameron, Alan
5328:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5290:
5289:
5281:
5273:
5267:
5263:
5256:
5248:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5223:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5198:
5190:
5183:
5168:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5071:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5023:ἐγγαστρίμυθος
5011:
5004:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4960:
4959:
4951:
4949:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4852:
4850:9780745627175
4846:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4796:9780762439898
4792:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4769:9781444307931
4765:
4761:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4729:
4722:
4720:
4715:
4698:
4696:9780815336709
4692:
4689:. Routledge.
4688:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4655:
4645:
4636:
4626:
4619:
4613:
4604:
4597:
4593:
4592:Weihenstephan
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4562:
4561:Ronald Hutton
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4527:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4407:Satanic panic
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4189:
4180:
4176:
4173:This list is
4171:
4164:
4163:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4134:has compared
4133:
4132:
4131:The Telegraph
4128:witch-hunt'.
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4108:Victimisation
4105:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3865:central state
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3778:Dayan (witch)
3775:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:"black" magic
3750:
3749:faith healing
3744:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3692:According to
3689:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3607:Annelie Grund
3603:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3525:
3524:Barbara Zdunk
3521:
3517:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3487:Magda Logomer
3483:
3481:
3480:Louis Debaraz
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:spiritualists
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3440:The Spectator
3437:
3433:
3432:incarceration
3429:
3421:
3420:Thomas Colley
3416:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:British Isles
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3223:denunciations
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:(1626–1631).
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3182:(1564–1636),
3181:
3178:(1560–1613),
3177:
3174:(1546–1595),
3173:
3170:(1538–1599),
3169:
3168:Reginald Scot
3166:(1515–1588),
3165:
3164:Johannes Wier
3159:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:Massachusetts
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:Witches' mark
3097:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2961:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:folk religion
2899:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:Twelve Tables
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:1 Samuel
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2307:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2248:mass hysteria
2246:, as well as
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:occurring in
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Social stigma
2099:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:State atheism
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Jim Crow laws
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:One-drop rule
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Blood quantum
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Victimisation
1485:
1483:
1482:Trans bashing
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Religious war
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Racialization
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
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1181:Counter-jihad
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732:Protestantism
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647:LDS or Mormon
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569:Transmisogyny
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472:Gerontophobia
470:
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402:Anti-intersex
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377:Anti-albinism
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
18:Witch hunting
13128:Gender-blind
13015:Human rights
12843:Racial quota
12830:
12810:Jewish quota
12790:Gerontocracy
12785:Gender roles
12763:Disabilities
12748:Blood purity
12724:
12720:Wife selling
12710:White flight
12690:Slut-shaming
12670:Scapegoating
12588:Murder music
12261:Palestinians
12204:Anti-Zionism
12072:South Africa
12057:Black people
12035:South Africa
11856:Christianity
11846:Baháʼí Faith
11774:Sectarianism
11714:Heterosexism
11679:Ephebiphobia
11649:Anti-Masonry
11516:Hair texture
11359:Witch (word)
11308:Witch's mark
11302:
11117:Early Modern
11053:
11045:
11037:
11029:
11021:
11015:Daemonologie
11013:
11005:
10997:
10989:
10981:
10973:
10967:Laienspiegel
10965:
10957:
10949:
10941:
10933:
10925:
10917:
10849:Muma Pădurii
10780:Folklore and
10751:Sator Square
10704:Magic circle
10699:Magic carpet
10659:Crystal ball
10596:Spiritualism
10420:Witch doctor
10303:Cunning folk
10152:
10133:
10125:
10117:
10109:
10101:
10095:Daemonologie
10093:
10085:
10077:
10069:
10061:
10053:
10047:Laienspiegel
10045:
10037:
10029:
10021:
10013:
10005:
9997:
9806:(1505, 1518)
9680:Køge Huskors
9384:Bute witches
9266:Witch trials
9207:
9185:
9171:
9164:
9157:
9153:
9146:
9122:
9108:
9101:
9087:
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9009:
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8977:
8957:
8947:
8929:
8918:
8911:
8905:
8898:
8891:
8884:
8877:
8863:
8843:. Retrieved
8839:
8829:
8819:19 September
8817:. Retrieved
8813:
8803:
8793:19 September
8791:. Retrieved
8779:
8769:
8759:19 September
8757:. Retrieved
8745:
8736:
8726:19 September
8724:. Retrieved
8720:
8711:
8701:19 September
8699:. Retrieved
8687:
8677:
8667:19 September
8665:. Retrieved
8661:
8651:
8639:. Retrieved
8622:
8610:
8594:
8578:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8546:
8537:
8527:
8519:the original
8509:
8500:
8491:
8483:the original
8472:
8464:the original
8450:
8441:
8435:
8427:the original
8422:
8412:
8404:
8400:
8392:
8385:. Retrieved
8380:
8356:. Retrieved
8351:
8342:
8330:. Retrieved
8326:
8316:
8306:
8299:
8282:
8278:
8268:
8259:
8250:
8238:. Retrieved
8233:
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8175:
8165:
8159:
8145:
8132:
8118:
8108:
8104:
8094:13 September
8092:. Retrieved
8088:the original
8081:
8072:
8062:13 September
8060:. Retrieved
8053:
8044:
8034:13 September
8032:. Retrieved
8022:
8012:12 September
8010:. Retrieved
8006:the original
7999:
7990:
7980:13 September
7978:. Retrieved
7971:
7962:
7952:14 September
7950:. Retrieved
7943:
7934:
7924:13 September
7922:. Retrieved
7905:
7895:13 September
7893:. Retrieved
7886:
7877:
7867:13 September
7865:. Retrieved
7858:
7849:
7839:13 September
7837:. Retrieved
7830:
7821:
7811:13 September
7809:. Retrieved
7802:
7793:
7766:
7757:
7749:the original
7744:
7737:Chandler, Jo
7714:. Retrieved
7710:the original
7699:
7690:
7681:
7672:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7646:
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7611:
7599:. Retrieved
7589:
7577:. Retrieved
7572:
7563:
7551:. Retrieved
7546:
7537:
7525:. Retrieved
7520:
7511:
7499:. Retrieved
7489:
7480:
7474:
7462:. Retrieved
7452:
7440:. Retrieved
7436:the original
7431:
7422:
7416:: 143. 2008.
7413:
7404:
7392:. Retrieved
7389:Daily Mirror
7388:
7378:
7366:. Retrieved
7362:
7352:
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7333:
7324:
7314:
7305:
7296:
7286:
7277:
7265:
7251:(23): 2130.
7248:
7244:
7238:
7221:
7217:
7199:
7193:
7184:
7178:
7166:. Retrieved
7162:the original
7151:
7141:22 September
7139:. Retrieved
7129:
7109:
7102:
7082:
7075:
7067:the original
7062:
7052:
7043:
7033:
7000:
6996:
6986:
6976:22 September
6974:. Retrieved
6970:the original
6960:
6948:. Retrieved
6944:
6934:
6924:22 September
6922:. Retrieved
6912:
6902:22 September
6900:. Retrieved
6896:the original
6886:
6859:
6853:
6844:
6840:
6830:
6806:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6763:
6758:
6738:
6731:
6722:
6717:(in Finnish)
6703:
6691:. Retrieved
6676:
6669:
6660:
6654:
6633:
6625:
6614:
6603:
6578:
6567:
6548:
6542:
6521:
6510:
6499:
6488:
6476:. Retrieved
6472:
6469:"Witchcraft"
6462:
6449:
6437:. Retrieved
6433:
6424:
6397:
6391:
6375:
6370:
6362:
6347:
6322:
6314:
6306:masslive.com
6305:
6296:
6287:
6264:
6257:
6238:
6232:
6218:
6210:Sacred Texts
6209:
6200:
6181:
6175:
6156:
6150:
6141:
6135:
6116:
6110:
6101:
6076:
6068:
6060:the original
6050:
6041:
6035:
6026:
6020:
6011:
6004:. Retrieved
5988:
5982:
5969:
5960:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5928:
5923:
5914:
5896:
5890:
5879:
5873:
5832:
5815:
5810:
5796:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5753:
5746:
5738:the original
5731:
5718:
5710:Sacred Texts
5709:
5700:
5655:
5650:
5609:
5587:
5578:
5569:
5563:
5553:
5545:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5441:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5395:
5378:
5365:
5356:
5337:
5327:
5308:
5298:
5287:
5280:
5261:
5255:
5236:
5230:
5205:
5197:
5188:
5182:
5170:. Retrieved
5165:
5158:
5145:
5118:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5069:
5047:
5043:
5010:
4985:
4977:the original
4967:
4957:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4890:. Retrieved
4886:the original
4873:
4869:
4859:
4840:
4834:
4815:
4809:
4801:the original
4785:
4778:
4758:
4751:
4742:
4736:
4727:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4635:
4625:
4617:
4612:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4572:
4565:James Sharpe
4548:
4540:
4431:
4413:Scapegoating
4183:
4140:Donald Trump
4129:
4111:
4094:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4074:Yahya Jammeh
4067:
4064:
4057:
4051:
4041:Amongst the
4040:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4011:
3992:Bemba people
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3962:Sierra Leone
3938:South Africa
3927:
3912:caste system
3904:
3885:
3869:Chhattisgarh
3849:
3845:Chhattisgarh
3814:
3811:Recent cases
3781:
3757:
3746:
3719:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:Saudi Arabia
3683:
3680:Saudi Arabia
3667:
3634:
3626:Saudi Arabia
3611:
3591:Modern cases
3565:
3561:
3534:
3514:
3502:
3491:
3484:
3465:
3439:
3425:
3395:
3381:
3367:
3362:1,700–2,000
3354:
3341:
3327:
3322:1,500–2,000
3314:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3220:
3208:
3160:
3156:
3128:
3111:
3089:
3079:
3065:Daemonologie
3044:
3030:
3021:
2971:
2949:
2942:
2924:
2918:
2905:
2894:
2886:
2871:Judgment Day
2864:
2859:
2851:
2839:
2824:
2813:
2793:
2760:
2743:
2728:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2675:
2653:
2633:
2629:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2569:
2567:
2550:
2548:
2528:Christianity
2524:Roman Empire
2521:
2517:Lex Cornelia
2516:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2490:, "then the
2483:
2479:
2466:
2456:laws of the
2446:ancient Rome
2439:
2429:
2415:
2403:
2401:
2381:
2353:Hebrew Bible
2350:
2342:
2314:
2294:
2286:
2271:
2240:
2232:Saudi Arabia
2180:incantations
2171:
2167:
2165:
1935:Gender-blind
1814:Human rights
1634:Racial quota
1621:
1601:Jewish quota
1581:Gerontocracy
1576:Gender roles
1554:Disabilities
1539:Blood purity
1507:Wife selling
1497:White flight
1477:Slut-shaming
1457:Scapegoating
1375:Murder music
1040:Palestinians
983:Anti-Zionism
851:South Africa
836:Black people
814:South Africa
627:Christianity
617:Baháʼí Faith
537:Sectarianism
477:Heterosexism
442:Ephebiphobia
412:Anti-Masonry
271:Hair texture
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:"Witch-hunt"
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
13395:Moral panic
13030:Nonviolence
13025:LGBT rights
12990:Empowerment
12958:Anti-racism
12880:Segregation
12825:No kid zone
12625:Persecution
12538:Hate speech
12489:Gay bashing
12464:Ethnic joke
12419:Dog whistle
12364:Blood libel
12052:Azerbaijani
11956:Neopaganism
11949:Persecution
11915:Persecution
11898:Persecution
11861:Catholicism
11796:Transphobia
11779:Supremacism
11734:Lesbophobia
11654:Aporophobia
11619:Anti-autism
11470:Taste-based
11465:Statistical
11066:Persecution
10935:Formicarius
10879:Spearfinger
10819:Elbow witch
10719:Magic sword
10684:Julleuchter
10669:Goofer dust
10611:White magic
10524:Incantation
10450:Black magic
10405:Renaissance
10373:Chaos magic
10345:Middle East
10276:Philippines
10015:Formicarius
9977:(1692–1693)
9971:(1642–1790)
9965:(1654–1712)
9959:(1647–1663)
9953:(1626–1730)
9936:(1679–1682)
9930:(1675–1681)
9924:(1656–1660)
9900:(1591–1595)
9888:(1428–1447)
9882:(1397–1407)
9847:(1615–1619)
9829:(1575–1650)
9812:(1522–1525)
9764:(1696–1698)
9734:(1665–1668)
9711:(1639–1642)
9682:(1608–1615)
9611:(1662–1666)
9605:(1628–1631)
9599:(1627–1631)
9593:(1626–1631)
9587:(1626–1631)
9581:(1617–1630)
9575:(1611–1618)
9569:(1603–1606)
9557:(1581–1593)
9551:(1578–1613)
9545:(1562–1563)
9512:(1742–1745)
9506:(1679–1682)
9324:(1589–1593)
8423:Missionalia
7653:13 December
7003:: 159–185.
6693:21 December
6013:negligible.
5527:(c. 800s).
5391: 1000
5187:Suetonius.
5048:Yerushalmi
4876:: 182–208.
4579:tempestarii
4401:Moral panic
4126:McCarthyite
3877:West Bengal
3792:black magic
3701:Fawza Falih
3674:Deir ez-Zor
3659:Middle East
3468:Anna Palles
3448:Janet Horne
3444:Jane Wenham
3355:Scandinavia
3148:New England
3080:Malefizhaus
3033:reformation
3015:(1853), by
2800:Inquisition
2796:Inquisition
2788:Switzerland
2711:morthdaeds
2699:(924–939):
2596:Haliurunnae
2534:Middle Ages
2440:During the
2410:'s speech "
2357:Deuteronomy
2244:moral panic
2184:Middle East
2172:witch purge
1829:Nonviolence
1824:LGBT rights
1789:Empowerment
1757:Anti-racism
1671:Segregation
1616:No kid zone
1412:Persecution
1325:Hate speech
1276:Gay bashing
1251:Ethnic joke
1206:Dog whistle
1151:Blood libel
831:Azerbaijani
727:Neopaganism
720:Persecution
686:Persecution
669:Persecution
632:Catholicism
559:Transphobia
542:Supremacism
497:Lesbophobia
417:Aporophobia
382:Anti-autism
217:Taste-based
212:Statistical
13359:Categories
13304:Stereotype
13299:Speciesism
13180:Oppression
13175:Oikophobia
13071:Allophilia
13055:Toleration
12912:Sodomy law
12805:Internment
12725:Witch-hunt
12603:Blackhawks
12533:Hate group
12521:Hate crime
12494:Gendercide
12484:Freak show
12474:Excellence
12434:Employment
12404:Defamation
12336:Vietnamese
12331:Venezuelan
12221:Lithuanian
11888:Falun Gong
11823:Xenophobia
11818:Vegaphobia
11801:Non-binary
11759:Pedophobia
11724:Homophobia
11546:Skin color
11506:Disability
11479:Attributes
11460:Structural
11379:Maleficium
11303:Witch-hunt
11107:Witch camp
10766:Witch ball
10709:Magic ring
10694:Love charm
10549:Necromancy
10544:Moon magic
10539:Mediumship
10534:Love magic
10519:Gray magic
10499:Divination
10298:Benandanti
10228:witchcraft
10165:Drudenhaus
10153:Witch-hunt
9861:Elsewhere
9827:Benandanti
9520:In Germany
9156:Chapter 3
8780:The Nation
8641:18 October
8332:9 December
8120:Herald Sun
7627:6 February
7601:6 February
7579:6 February
7553:6 February
7547:Afrik News
7527:6 February
7501:6 February
7464:6 February
7442:6 February
7168:27 October
7044:Cris XVIII
6615:Witchcraze
6376:Witchcraft
5558:, CIV, 147
5172:15 January
5091:(1): 477.
5003:Septuagint
4711:References
4432:Auto-da-fé
4348:Gendercide
4197:See also:
4186:March 2017
4175:incomplete
4102:See also:
3788:witchcraft
3516:Anna Göldi
3512:, Poland.
3482:in 1745.
3139:witchcraft
3041:witchcraft
2983:Christians
2931:Papal bull
2906:maleficium
2620:necromancy
2505:veneficium
2497:Under the
2484:veneficium
2480:veneficium
2474:veneficium
2345:holy river
2282:divination
2176:witchcraft
2168:witch-hunt
2111:Stereotype
2106:Speciesism
1987:Oppression
1982:Oikophobia
1878:Allophilia
1854:Toleration
1703:Sodomy law
1596:Internment
1511:Witch-hunt
1390:Blackhawks
1320:Hate group
1308:Hate crime
1281:Gendercide
1271:Freak show
1261:Excellence
1221:Employment
1191:Defamation
1115:Vietnamese
1110:Venezuelan
1000:Lithuanian
659:Falun Gong
586:Xenophobia
581:Vegaphobia
564:Non-binary
522:Pedophobia
487:Homophobia
301:Skin color
261:Disability
232:Attributes
207:Structural
121:March 2024
91:newspapers
13277:Christian
13205:Prejudice
13153:Masculism
13101:Diversity
12895:religious
12870:Redlining
12469:Ethnocide
12429:Education
12321:Ukrainian
12256:Pakistani
12246:Mongolian
12167:Australia
12149:Hungarian
12104:Colombian
12084:Bulgarian
11966:Rastafari
11920:Ahmadiyya
11833:Religious
11811:Trans men
11769:Pregnancy
11704:Gayphobia
11699:Fatphobia
11604:Acephobia
11599:Arophobia
11583:Viewpoint
11280:Classical
10799:Baba Yaga
10782:mythology
10591:Spiritism
10581:Sex magic
10559:Shamanism
10554:Occultism
10509:Evocation
10504:Entheogen
10482:Damnation
10433:Practices
9863:in Europe
9853:(1646–47)
9823:(1559–60)
9758:(1685–86)
9728:(1662–63)
9500:(1669–70)
9488:(1633–34)
9463:In France
9449:(1728–29)
8788:0027-8378
8754:0190-8286
8696:0362-4331
8631:0307-1235
8291:1053-6736
8240:26 August
8110:The Hindu
7945:The Hindu
7691:Channel 4
7573:The Times
7481:The Times
7017:1558-5255
6950:8 January
6478:27 August
6416:712624576
6361:'s essay
6357:Based on
6001:0002-9602
5859:cite book
5851:876833154
5682:cite book
5674:972537073
5636:cite book
5628:889521066
5306:(2008) ,
5050:Sanhedrin
4939:0034-6527
4917:CiteSeerX
4523:Footnotes
4122:Stalinist
4118:ostracism
4031:hauntings
4006:and evil
3857:Jharkhand
3715:Ali Sibat
3713:In 2009,
3576:Rajputana
3035:of 1536.
2919:In 1484,
2814:In 1258,
2697:Athelstan
2416:pharmakon
2329:Babylonia
2321:law codes
2084:Christian
2012:Prejudice
1960:Masculism
1908:Diversity
1686:religious
1661:Redlining
1256:Ethnocide
1216:Education
1100:Ukrainian
1035:Pakistani
1025:Mongolian
946:Australia
928:Hungarian
883:Colombian
863:Bulgarian
737:Rastafari
691:Ahmadiyya
602:Religious
574:Trans men
532:Pregnancy
467:Gayphobia
462:Fatphobia
367:Acephobia
362:Arophobia
338:Viewpoint
13380:Femicide
13334:Category
13316:The talk
13252:Snobbery
13170:Net bias
13000:Feminism
12927:Ugly law
12768:Catholic
12736:policies
12583:Mortgage
12578:Lynching
12509:examples
12504:Genocide
12424:Economic
12409:Democide
12369:Bullying
12286:Romanian
12251:Nigerian
12194:Japanese
12129:Georgian
12114:Filipino
12047:Assyrian
12020:Armenian
12010:American
12005:Albanian
11987:National
11971:Yazidism
11893:Hinduism
11851:Buddhism
11754:Nepotism
11749:Misogyny
11744:Misandry
11669:Clannism
11664:Biphobia
11609:Adultism
11526:Language
11313:Pricking
11224:Scotland
11147:Virginia
11137:New York
11132:Maryland
11125:Americas
10874:Sorginak
10864:Pasiphaë
10756:Talisman
10726:Mojo bag
10674:Grimoire
10569:Regional
10514:Familiar
10477:Anathema
10393:Neopagan
10388:Medieval
10293:Akelarre
8928:(2004).
8840:NBC News
8635:Archived
8387:16 April
8381:BBC News
8358:16 April
8352:BBC News
8260:ABC News
8213:Archived
8138:BBC News
7888:BBC News
7860:BBC News
7832:BBC News
7673:BBC News
7621:Archived
7521:ABC News
7025:21180204
6779:, (in:)
6711:Archived
6611:(1994).
6575:(2010).
6518:(2006).
6496:(1987).
6439:8 August
5927:Levack,
5362:Jordanes
5144:(2017).
4998:φαρμακός
4342:Femicide
4329:See also
4116:for the
4114:metaphor
4083:(native
4053:Cameroon
4027:wartings
3988:Bamucapi
3966:Tanzania
3942:Cameroon
3934:lynching
3863:and the
3653:exorcism
3643:and the
3618:lynching
3557:Santhals
3280:Ålanders
3227:guilders
2784:Willisau
2576:Jordanes
2509:Augustus
2408:Antiphon
2404:pharmaka
2386:, Rabbi
2365:sorcerer
2236:Cameroon
2210:and the
2123:The talk
2059:Snobbery
1977:Net bias
1799:Feminism
1718:Ugly law
1559:Catholic
1525:Policies
1370:Mortgage
1365:Lynching
1296:examples
1291:Genocide
1211:Economic
1196:Democide
1156:Bullying
1065:Romanian
1030:Nigerian
973:Japanese
908:Georgian
893:Filipino
826:Assyrian
799:Armenian
789:American
784:Albanian
764:national
742:Yazidism
664:Hinduism
622:Buddhism
517:Nepotism
512:Misogyny
507:Misandry
432:Clannism
427:Biphobia
372:Adultism
281:Language
168:a series
166:Part of
13344:Commons
13123:Figleaf
12548:Housing
12316:Turkish
12266:Pashtun
12236:Mexican
12216:Kurdish
12189:Italian
12139:Haitian
12124:Finnish
12099:Chinese
12094:Chechen
12089:Catalan
12079:Bengali
12000:African
11985:Ethnic/
11944:Judaism
11935:Sunnism
11925:Shi'ism
11841:Atheism
11674:Elitism
11573:Species
11511:Genetic
11501:Dialect
11352:Related
11296:Related
11214:Iceland
11209:Finland
11204:England
11199:Denmark
11163:Hungary
10859:Obayifo
10789:Agamede
10746:Potions
10679:Incense
10620:Objects
10440:Animism
10415:Warlock
10350:Oceania
10333:Britain
10146:Related
9090:(2002)
9076:(2002)
9062:(1995)
8845:11 June
8501:Reuters
8001:Outlook
7973:Reuters
7716:10 June
7394:30 June
7368:30 June
7257:4419670
7230:4419566
6006:8 April
5995:: 6–7.
5525:Agobard
5480:strigae
5372:. § 24.
5035:γνώστης
5001:in the
4892:18 July
4090:kɛmamɔi
4081:kɛmamɔi
4035:famines
4008:potions
3881:Adivasi
3732:Oceania
3641:albinos
3624:, from
3572:Gujarat
3553:adivasi
3543:of the
3498:Kempten
3461:gypsies
3403:35,000
2987:Satanic
2923:issued
2804:Cathars
2766:, King
2671:succubi
2663:potions
2588:Filimer
2555:Hypatia
2444:era of
2392:Ascalon
2363:, or a
2300:History
2238:today.
2170:, or a
1930:Figleaf
1335:Housing
1095:Turkish
1045:Pashtun
1015:Mexican
995:Kurdish
968:Italian
918:Haitian
903:Finnish
878:Chinese
873:Chechen
868:Catalan
858:Bengali
779:African
762:Ethnic/
715:Judaism
706:Sunnism
696:Shi'ism
612:Atheism
437:Elitism
328:Species
266:Genetic
256:Dialect
150:Burning
105:scholar
13309:threat
13163:autism
12900:sexual
12890:racial
12773:Jewish
12630:Pogrom
12608:Chiefs
12598:Braves
12326:Uyghur
12301:Somali
12296:Slavic
12281:Romani
12276:Quebec
12271:Polish
12211:Korean
12172:Canada
12159:Indian
12144:Hazara
12119:Fulani
12030:France
11995:Afghan
11930:Sufism
11659:Audism
11592:Social
11521:Height
11265:Basque
11250:Geneva
11245:France
11229:Sweden
11219:Norway
11194:Baltic
11178:Russia
11173:Poland
11074:Modern
11058:(1751)
11050:(1647)
11042:(1627)
11034:(1608)
11026:(1599)
11018:(1597)
11010:(1595)
11002:(1593)
10994:(1591)
10986:(1584)
10978:(1563)
10970:(1509)
10962:(1489)
10954:(1487)
10946:(1484)
10938:(1475)
10930:(1440)
10922:(1376)
10869:Sebile
10824:Hecate
10794:Aradia
10741:Poppet
10736:Nkondi
10649:Censer
10632:Athame
10627:Amulet
10586:Sigils
10574:Yellow
10383:Hoodoo
10378:Goetia
10355:Mākutu
10283:Europe
10254:Azande
10249:Africa
10242:Region
10138:(1751)
10130:(1647)
10122:(1627)
10114:(1608)
10106:(1599)
10098:(1597)
10090:(1595)
10082:(1593)
10074:(1591)
10066:(1584)
10058:(1563)
10050:(1509)
10042:(1489)
10034:(1487)
10026:(1484)
10018:(1475)
10010:(1440)
10002:(1376)
9918:(1616)
9912:(1613)
9906:(1610)
9894:(1571)
9841:(1609)
9835:(1593)
9752:(1676)
9746:(1675)
9740:(1669)
9722:(1656)
9705:(1634)
9699:(1624)
9688:(1617)
9676:(1596)
9670:(1590)
9664:(1542)
9617:(1703)
9563:(1600)
9539:(1555)
9494:(1647)
9482:(1611)
9455:(1783)
9443:(1678)
9437:(1634)
9410:(1711)
9404:(1704)
9398:(1696)
9392:(1682)
9386:(1662)
9359:(1619)
9353:(1612)
9347:(1612)
9341:(1612)
9330:(1590)
9318:(1582)
9312:(1579)
9200:
9192:
9178:
9139:
9129:
9115:
9094:
9080:
9066:
9052:202315
9050:
9023:
8994:, The
8980:(2018)
8966:
8936:
8901:(2003)
8870:
8786:
8752:
8694:
8629:
8289:
7783:
7773:
7255:
7228:
7117:
7090:
7023:
7015:
6945:Snl.no
6874:
6818:
6787:
6746:
6684:
6642:
6591:
6555:
6530:
6414:
6404:
6382:
6335:
6331:–215.
6245:
6188:
6163:
6123:
6089:
5999:
5931:, (49)
5849:
5839:
5784:(173).
5761:
5672:
5662:
5626:
5616:
5428:lamias
5403:
5345:
5316:
5268:
5243:
5218:
5214:–174.
5163:Livy.
5053:, 6:6.
4937:
4919:
4847:
4822:
4793:
4766:
4693:
4649:1999).
4012:kucapa
4004:curses
3996:mirror
3984:Africa
3970:Zambia
3968:, and
3950:Gambia
3948:, the
3944:, the
3821:Odisha
3664:Levant
3520:Glarus
3510:Poznań
3400:80,000
3390:1,000
3387:10,000
3376:2,000
3349:1,000
3342:France
3333:50,000
3303:Region
3269:(1848)
3106:, and
2995:heresy
2790:, 1447
2756:goetia
2709:, and
2705:lybacs
2686:Russia
2667:incubi
2612:Trullo
2608:Ancyra
2604:Elvira
2571:Getica
2488:Hutton
2452:, the
2436:, 1792
2369:Exodus
2266:, and
2216:Africa
2192:heresy
2116:threat
1970:autism
1691:sexual
1681:racial
1564:Jewish
1417:Pogrom
1395:Chiefs
1385:Braves
1105:Uyghur
1080:Somali
1075:Slavic
1060:Romani
1055:Quebec
1050:Polish
990:Korean
951:Canada
938:Indian
923:Hazara
898:Fulani
809:France
774:Afghan
701:Sufism
422:Audism
353:Social
276:Height
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
13287:white
12640:Purge
12306:Tatar
12231:Māori
12226:Malay
12184:Irish
12134:Greek
12109:Croat
12067:China
12025:Asian
11910:Islam
11784:White
11531:Looks
11496:Class
11491:Caste
11448:Forms
11399:Adept
11260:Spain
11255:Italy
11142:Salem
11097:Nepal
11092:India
10903:Major
10839:Medea
10834:Kalku
10814:Drude
10809:Dayan
10804:Circe
10731:Nkisi
10642:besom
10637:Broom
10564:Black
10494:Demon
10472:Curse
10467:Coven
10398:Wicca
10318:Völva
10313:Seiðr
10288:Italy
10259:Ghana
10235:Types
10224:Magic
9985:Texts
9048:JSTOR
8234:WHRIN
7919:UNHRC
7915:(PDF)
7781:JSTOR
7344:UNHCR
7325:UNHCR
7297:UNHCR
7274:(PDF)
7253:JSTOR
7226:JSTOR
6272:–137.
5991:(1).
5804:–174.
5550:Migne
5531:[
5029:ידעני
5020:, or
4992:מכשפה
4085:Mende
4043:Bantu
3958:Kenya
3954:Ghana
3907:Nepal
3901:Boksi
3891:Nepal
3861:Bihar
3833:Bihar
3817:Assam
3797:dayan
3784:India
3768:India
3630:death
3614:magic
3531:India
3453:Satan
3396:Total
3373:7,000
3359:5,000
3346:3,000
3319:5,000
2835:Diana
2831:Milan
2580:Goths
2471:word
2450:Pliny
2442:pagan
2361:augur
2325:Egypt
2317:magic
2278:magic
2186:. In
2094:white
1427:Purge
1085:Tatar
1010:Māori
1005:Malay
963:Irish
913:Greek
888:Croat
846:China
804:Asian
681:Islam
547:White
286:Looks
251:Class
246:Caste
193:Forms
154:Baden
112:JSTOR
98:books
13282:male
13081:Bias
12526:LGBT
12311:Thai
12291:Serb
12154:Igbo
12015:Arab
11789:Male
11578:Size
11558:Rank
10829:Huld
10761:Wand
10529:Jinn
10487:Jinx
10366:Form
10271:Asia
10226:and
9198:ISBN
9196:. E-
9190:ISBN
9176:ISBN
9137:ISBN
9127:ISBN
9113:ISBN
9092:ISBN
9078:ISBN
9064:ISBN
9021:ISBN
8964:ISBN
8934:ISBN
8868:ISBN
8847:2022
8821:2021
8795:2021
8784:ISSN
8761:2021
8750:ISSN
8728:2021
8703:2021
8692:ISSN
8669:2021
8643:2021
8627:ISSN
8389:2007
8360:2007
8334:2013
8287:ISSN
8242:2019
8096:2013
8064:2013
8055:NDTV
8036:2013
8014:2021
7982:2013
7954:2013
7926:2013
7897:2013
7869:2013
7841:2013
7813:2013
7771:ISBN
7718:2013
7655:2011
7629:2011
7603:2011
7581:2011
7555:2011
7529:2011
7503:2011
7466:2011
7444:2011
7396:2015
7370:2015
7170:2017
7143:2010
7115:ISBN
7088:ISBN
7021:PMID
7013:ISSN
6978:2010
6952:2019
6926:2010
6904:2010
6872:ISBN
6816:ISBN
6785:ISBN
6744:ISBN
6695:2021
6682:ISBN
6640:ISBN
6589:ISBN
6553:ISBN
6528:ISBN
6480:2021
6441:2024
6412:OCLC
6402:ISBN
6380:ISBN
6333:ISBN
6243:ISBN
6186:ISBN
6161:ISBN
6121:ISBN
6087:ISBN
6008:2023
5997:ISSN
5865:link
5847:OCLC
5837:ISBN
5759:ISBN
5692:link
5688:link
5670:OCLC
5660:ISBN
5642:link
5624:OCLC
5614:ISBN
5401:ISBN
5393:)".
5343:ISBN
5314:ISBN
5266:ISBN
5241:ISBN
5216:ISBN
5174:2021
4935:ISSN
4894:2021
4845:ISBN
4820:ISBN
4791:ISBN
4764:ISBN
4691:ISBN
4659:Sea.
4539:The
4201:and
4106:and
4033:and
4000:horn
3899:and
3790:and
3776:and
3670:ISIS
3578:and
3566:The
3459:and
3078:The
2929:, a
2885:The
2723:borh
2669:and
2584:Huns
2467:The
2377:Saul
2351:The
2327:and
2280:and
2234:and
2226:and
2220:Asia
2218:and
2089:male
1888:Bias
1313:LGBT
1090:Thai
1070:Serb
933:Igbo
794:Arab
552:Male
333:Size
313:Rank
84:news
34:and
12885:age
11563:Sex
11486:Age
9040:doi
7005:doi
6864:doi
6329:210
6270:133
5802:173
5212:168
5093:doi
5032:or
5017:אוב
4927:doi
4878:doi
4874:120
4181:.
4020:all
3867:of
3855:of
3843:of
3831:in
3823:'s
3645:HIV
3547:in
3496:in
3265:by
3082:of
2719:wer
2574:of
1676:age
318:Sex
241:Age
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