Scotland - Knowledge

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transport, and beverages and tobacco. The country's largest export markets in goods are the European Union, Asia and Oceania, and North America. Whisky is one of Scotland's more known goods of economic activity. Exports increased by 87% in the decade to 2012 and were valued at £4.3 billion in 2013, which was 85% of Scotland's food and drink exports. It supports around 10,000 jobs directly and 25,000 indirectly. It may contribute £400–682 million to Scotland, rather than several billion pounds, as more than 80% of whisky produced is owned by non-Scottish companies. A briefing published in 2002 by the Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe) for the Scottish Parliament's Enterprise and Life Long Learning Committee stated that tourism accounted for up to 5% of GDP and 7.5% of employment.

4266: 2822: 4838: 4767: 6824: 4517: 3705: 86: 12894: 3239: 6035: 134: 2558: 12891: 2944: 1919: 4036: 5890: 3695: 6223: 2404: 2474:" after London. After 1860, the Clydeside shipyards specialised in steamships made of iron (after 1870, made of steel), which rapidly replaced the wooden sailing vessels of both the merchant fleets and the battle fleets of the world. It became the world's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre. The industrial developments, while they brought work and wealth, were so rapid that housing, town planning, and provision for public health did not keep pace with them, and for a time living conditions in some of the towns and cities were notoriously bad, with overcrowding, high infant mortality, and growing rates of tuberculosis. 1387: 6399: 3139: 2933: 6809: 3220:, in the Inner Hebrides, is one of the sunniest places in the country: it had more than 300 hours of sunshine in May 1975. Rainfall varies widely across Scotland. The western highlands of Scotland are the wettest, with annual rainfall in a few places exceeding 3,000 mm (120 in). In comparison, much of lowland Scotland receives less than 800 mm (31 in) annually. Heavy snowfall is not common in the lowlands, but becomes more common with altitude. Braemar has an average of 59 snow days per year, while many coastal areas average fewer than 10 days of lying snow per year. 5497: 2724: 5226: 22537: 14498:

formally maintained, but its exercise constrained by the extraterritorial reach of regulatory norms applicable elsewhere in the UK and by the potential for regulatory competition where local producers are subject to local rules but competing goods can enter that market in compliance with the regulatory standards from where they originate...the UKIM Act 2020 allows extraterritorial application of rules that reflect different preferences or even undermines local preferences through regulatory competition, its effects are not insignificant for devolved legislatures.

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sharp drop, however, the accuracy of this was deemed to be questionable due to a number of various factors such as households re-entering the longitudinal sample allowing data gaps to be filled. The Scottish Government introduced the Scottish Child Payment in 2021 for low-income families with children under six years of age in an attempt to reduce child poverty rates, with families receiving a payment of roughly £1,040 per year. As of October 2023, 10% of the Scottish population were estimated to be living in poverty.

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Scotland was from renewable sources, 83.6% was classed as low carbon and 14.5% was from fossil fuels. The Scottish Government has a target to have the equivalent of 50% of the energy for Scotland's heat, transport and electricity consumption to be supplied from renewable sources by 2030. They have stated that, in 2022, the equivalent of 113% of the country's overall electrical consumption was produced by renewable energy, making it the highest recorded figure of renewable energy generated to date.

7404: 6246: 5640: 7011: 5354: 769: 72: 4741: 6352:, there are 173 space companies currently operating in Scotland as of May 2021. These include spacecraft manufacturers, launch providers, downstream data analyzers, and research organisations. The space industry in Scotland is projected to generate £2billion in income for Scotland's space cluster by 2030. Scottish space industry jobs represent almost 1 in 5 of all UK space industry employment. In addition to its space industry, Scotland is home to two planned 2578: 672: 19172: 5731: 5818: 5800: 1764:(Cináed mac Ailpín) to seize power over Pictland, establishing a royal dynasty to which the modern monarchs trace their lineage, and marking the beginning of the end of Pictish culture. The kingdom of Cináed and his descendants, called Alba, was Gaelic in character but existed on the same area as Pictland. By the end of the tenth century, the Pictish language went extinct as its speakers shifted to Gaelic. From a base in eastern Scotland north of the 20787: 7390: 3444:, principally from the Highlands which remained poor in comparison to elsewhere in Scotland. The Highlands was the only part of mainland Britain with a recurrent famine. A small range of products were exported from the region, which had negligible industrial production and a continued population growth that tested the subsistence agriculture. These problems, and the desire to improve agriculture and profits were the driving forces of the ongoing 4834:

relation to the government's policy objectives as well as that of Scottish businesses. Additionally, the international network of the Scottish Government acts as a mechanism to promote and strengthen the Scottish economy by creating opportunities for Scottish businesses to increase export sales of Scottish products, whilst working with their current, and any future, foreign investors to establish and maintain Scottish jobs in the goods sector.

6534: 4702:, who is nominated by MSPs and is typically the leader of the largest party in the Parliament. Other ministers are appointed by the first minister and serve at their discretion. As the head of the Scottish Government, the first minister is responsible for the comprehensive development, implementation and presentation of government policy, and is responsible for promoting the interests of the country at home and internationally. 6571:, focusing on the life of Robert I, and was soon followed by a series of vernacular romances and prose works. In the 16th century, the crown's patronage helped the development of Scots drama and poetry, but the accession of James VI to the English throne removed a major centre of literary patronage and Scots was sidelined as a literary language. Interest in Scots literature was revived in the 18th century by figures including 5963: 2275: 7100: 14358:

Market provisions. Only after an amendment in the House of Lords, the Bill was amended to provide a weak and non-binding consent mechanism for amendments (equivalent to the Sewel Convention) to the list of exemptions. The result is that, while the devolved governments retain regulatory competences, these are undermined by the fact that goods and services originating in, or imported into, England can be marketed anywhere.

13516: 794: 15076: 6421:—primarily featuring bagpipes, various types of snares and drums, and showcasing Scottish traditional dress and music—has spread throughout the world. Bagpipes are featured in holiday celebrations, parades, funerals, weddings, and other events internationally. Many military regiments have a pipe band of their own. In addition to the Great Highland pipes, several smaller, somewhat quieter 13509: 4321:, Scotland's national school curriculum, presently provides the curricular framework for children and young people from age 3 to 18. All 3- and 4-year-old children in Scotland are entitled to a free nursery place. Formal primary education begins at approximately 5 years old and lasts for 7 years (P1–P7); children in Scotland study National Qualifications of the 15065: 3485:

people had migrated from Scotland. Scottish Government data from 2002 shows that by 2021, there had been a sharp increase in immigration to Scotland, with 2002 estimates standing at 27,800 immigrants. While immigration had increased from 2002, migration from Scotland had dropped, with 2002 estimates standing at 26,200 people migrating from Scotland.

6076:, which are primarily used for short distance, public service operations, although Inverness Airport has a number of scheduled flights to destinations across the UK and mainland Europe. Edinburgh Airport is currently Scotland's busiest airport handling over 13 million passengers in 2017. It is also the UK's 6th busiest airport. The airline 11426: 11396: 14301:

Since the act became law on 17 December 2020, the devolved administrations can continue to set standards for goods and services produced within their territory, but their rules do not apply to goods and services coming from other jurisdictions. They also must accept products imported into one part of

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UK Internal Market Act 2020 imposed new restrictions on the ability of the devolved institutions to enact measures...mutual recognition and non-discrimination requirements mean that standards set by the legislatures in Wales and Scotland cannot restrict the sale of goods which are acceptable in other

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is played on special occasions and sporting events such as football and rugby matches involving the Scotland national teams and since 2010 is also played at the Commonwealth Games after it was voted the overwhelming favourite by participating Scottish athletes. Other currently less popular candidates

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After 1945, Scotland's economic situation worsened due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes. Only in recent decades has the country enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance. Economic factors contributing to this recovery included a resurgent financial

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tidal stream energy plant in the north of the country is claimed to be the largest tidal stream energy project in the world. In Scotland, 98.6% of all electricity used was from renewable sources. This is minus net exports. Between October 2021 and September 2022 63.1% of all electricity generated in

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Between 2016 and 2020, the Scottish Government estimated that 10% of people in Scotland were in persistent poverty following housing costs, with similar rates of persistent poverty for children (10%), working-age adults (10%) and pensioners (11%). Persistent child poverty rates had seen a relatively

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was established by the Scottish Government in 2020, which uses public money to fund commercial projects across Scotland with the hope that this seed capital will encourage further private investment, to help develop a fairer, more sustainable economy. £2 billion of taxpayers money was earmarked

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Scotland's wildlife is typical of the north-west of Europe, although several of the larger mammals such as the lynx, brown bear, wolf, elk and walrus were hunted to extinction in historic times. There are important populations of seals and internationally significant nesting grounds for a variety of

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After another proposal from the English House of Lords was rejected in 1695, and a further Lords motion was voted down in the House of Commons in 1700, the Parliament of Scotland again rejected union in 1702. The failure of the Darien Scheme bankrupted the landowners who had invested, though not the

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compelled the cultural integration of Hebridean clan leaders. In 1641 and again in 1643, the Parliament of Scotland unsuccessfully sought a union with England which was "federative" and not "incorporating", in which Scotland would retain a separate parliament. The issue of union split the parliament

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In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, much of Scotland was under the control of a single ruler. Initially, Gaelic culture predominated, but immigrants from France, England and Flanders steadily created a more diverse society, with the Gaelic language starting to be replaced by Scots; and a modern

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While the mutual recognition principle preserves devolved powers, rather than requiring that devolved nations conform with a wide range of harmonised standards (as they did in the EU), the Act undermines devolution simply because devolved legislation will no longer apply to all relevant activity in

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The Act has restrictive – and potentially damaging – consequences for the regulatory capacity of the devolved legislatures...the primary purpose of the legislation was to constrain the capacity of the devolved institutions to use their regulatory autonomy...in practice, it constrains the ability of

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in 1660. The Parliament of Scotland sought a commercial union with England in 1664; the proposal was rejected in 1668. In 1670 the Parliament of England rejected a proposed political union with Scotland. English proposals along the same lines were abandoned in 1674 and in 1685. The Scots Parliament

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The UK Internal Market Act gives ministers sweeping powers to enforce mutual recognition and non-discrimination across the four jurisdictions. Existing differences and some social and health matters are exempted but these are much less extensive than the exemptions permitted under the EU Internal

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owns and operates the fixed infrastructure assets of the railway system in Scotland, while the Scottish Government retains overall responsibility for rail strategy and funding in Scotland. Scotland's rail network has 359 railway stations and around 1,710 miles (2,760 km) of track. In 2018–19

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Throughout its history, Scotland has long had a tradition of migration from Scotland and immigration into Scotland. In 2021, the Scottish Government released figures showing that an estimated 41,000 people had immigrated from other international countries into Scotland, while an average of 22,100

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in March 2022. The population of Scotland at the 2022 Census was 5,436,600, the highest ever, beating the previous record of 5,295,400 at the 2011 Census. It was 5,062,011 at the 2001 Census. An ONS estimate for mid-2021 was 5,480,000. In the 2011 Census, 62% of Scotland's population stated their

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In August 2012, the Scottish population reached an all-time high of 5.25 million people. The reasons given were that, in Scotland, births were outnumbering the number of deaths, and immigrants were moving to Scotland from overseas. In 2011, 43,700 people moved from Wales, Northern Ireland or

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said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation." With the demise of Jacobitism and the advent of the Union, thousands of Scots, mainly Lowlanders, took up numerous positions of power in politics, civil service, the army and navy, trade, economics, colonial enterprises and other areas

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In 2022, Scotland's gross domestic product (GDP), including offshore oil and gas, was estimated at £211.7 billion. In 2021, Scottish exports in goods and services (excluding intra-UK trade) were estimated to be £50.1 billion. Scotland's primary goods exports are mineral fuels, machinery and

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For three centuries the Scots legal system was unique for being the only national legal system without a parliament. This ended with the advent of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, which legislates for devolved matters. Many features within the system have been preserved. Within criminal law, the

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was "highly likely". On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom formally withdrew from the European Union. Because constitutional affairs are reserved matters under the Scotland Act, the Scottish Parliament would again have to be granted temporary additional powers under Section 30 to hold a legally

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Life expectancy for those born in Scotland between 2012 and 2014 is 77.1 years for males and 81.1 years for females. This is the lowest of any of the four countries of the UK. The number of hospital admissions in Scotland for diseases such as cancer was 2,528 in 2002. Over the next ten years, by

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Overall, the use of Scotland's indigenous languages other than English has declined since the 19th century. The 2011 census indicated that 63% of the population had "no skills in Scots". The use of Gaelic is confined to 1% of the population. The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland dropped from

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The population of Scotland grew steadily in the 19th century, from 1,608,000 in the census of 1801 to 2,889,000 in 1851 and 4,472,000 in 1901. Even with the development of industry, there were not enough good jobs. As a result, during the period 1841–1931, about 2 million Scots migrated to North

3448:, in which many of the population of the Highlands suffered eviction as lands were enclosed, principally so that they could be used for sheep farming. The first phase of the clearances followed patterns of agricultural change throughout Britain. The second phase was driven by overpopulation, the 11418: 11388: 5901:

The average weekly income for workplace-based employees in Scotland is £573, and £576 for residence based employees. Scotland has the third highest median gross salary in the United Kingdom at £26,007 and is higher than the overall UK average annual salary of £25,971. With an average of £14.28,

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closely linked with the rest of the UK and the wider world. Scotland is one of the leading financial centres in Europe, and is the largest financial centre in the United Kingdom outside of London. Edinburgh is the financial services centre of Scotland, with many large finance firms based there,

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in Scotland. The Lord Advocate is the head of the systems in Scotland for the investigation and prosecution of crime, the investigation of deaths as well as serving as the principal legal adviser to the Scottish Government and representing the government in legal proceedings. They are the chief

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an annual charge to be able to access facilities and support in the Embassy or High Commission in which the Scottish international offices are based. The Scottish Government's international network allows Scottish Government ministers to engage with other international governments and bodies in

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the devolved territory...Devolution is also undermined by the asymmetry of legislative authority...the UK Internal Market Act is a protected enactment, which devolved administrations are unable to appeal or modify, but which the UK parliament will be able to modify when legislating for England.

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commanded every parish to establish a school. By the late seventeenth century there was a largely complete network of parish schools in the lowlands, but in the Highlands basic education was still lacking in many areas. Education remained a matter for the church rather than the state until the

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So when used to disapply relevant requirements in a destination devolved jurisdiction the effect is different from that generated by the devolution statutes when they treat rules that are outside of competence as being 'not law'. In this way, the legislative competence of each jurisdiction is

1313:. At the time, Scotland was covered in forests, had more bog-land, and the main form of transport was by water. These settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of 2435:. Historian Neil Davidson notes "after 1746 there was an entirely new level of participation by Scots in political life, particularly outside Scotland." Davidson also states "far from being 'peripheral' to the British economy, Scotland – or more precisely, the Lowlands – lay at its core." 6880:

decreeing in 1385 that Scottish soldiers should wear a white Saint Andrew's Cross on the front and back of their tunics. Use of a blue background for the Saint Andrew's Cross is said to date from at least the 15th century. Since 1606 the saltire has also formed part of the design of the

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later said Hitler described Hess's departure as one of the worst personal blows of his life, as he considered it a personal betrayal. Hitler worried that his allies, Italy and Japan, would perceive Hess's act as an attempt by Hitler to secretly open peace negotiations with the British.

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in 1814, is often called the first historical novel. It launched a highly successful career that probably more than any other helped define and popularise Scottish cultural identity. In the late 19th century, a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations, such as

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From that point on anti-union demonstrations were common in the capital. In November rioting spread to the southwest, that stronghold of strict Calvinism and covenanting tradition. The Glasgow mob rose against union sympathisers in disturbances that lasted intermittently for over a

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parts of the UK. In other words, imposing such measures would simply create competitive disadvantages for businesses in Wales and Scotland; they would not change the product standards or environmental protections applicable to all goods which can be purchased in Wales and Scotland.

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to investigate the distribution of powers between devolved Scottish and UK-wide bodies while not considering independence. In August 2009 the SNP proposed a bill to hold a referendum on independence in November 2010, but was defeated by opposition from all other major parties.

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While the Scottish Enlightenment is traditionally considered to have concluded toward the end of the 18th century, disproportionately large Scottish contributions to British science and letters continued for another 50 years or more, thanks to such figures as the physicists

4436:(later repealed by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978) that took effect on 5 July 1948 to coincide with the launch of the NHS in England and Wales. Prior to 1948, half of Scotland's landmass was already covered by state-funded health care, provided by the 16227: 5902:

Scotland has the third highest median hourly rate (excluding overtime working hours) of any of the countries of the United Kingdom, and like the annual salary, is higher than the average UK figure as a whole. The highest paid industries in Scotland tend of be in the

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in 1295 to discourage an English invasion of either country. The alliance effectively ended in the sixteenth century, but the two countries continue to have a close relationship, with a Statement of Intent being signed in 2013 between the Scottish Government and the

4877:. The Scottish Government has a network of offices in Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Dublin, London, Ottawa, Paris, and Washington, D.C., which promote Scottish interests in their respective areas. The nation has historic ties to France as a result of the ' 1718:, which included territory in western Scotland and northern Ireland, and spread Gaelic language and culture into Scotland. These societies were based on the family unit and had sharp divisions in wealth, although the vast majority were poor and worked full-time in 2128: 5856:

and other related financial services. In common with most other advanced industrialised economies, Scotland has seen a decline in the importance of both manufacturing industries and primary-based extractive industries. This has been combined with a rise in the

13239: 9302: 5632:. A retrial can hear new evidence at a later date that might have proven conclusive in the earlier trial at first instance, where the person acquitted subsequently admits the offence or where it can be proved that the acquittal was tainted by an attempt to 2600:. It especially provided manpower, ships, machinery, fish and money. With a population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent over half a million men to the war, of whom over a quarter died in combat or from disease, and 150,000 were seriously wounded. 15191: 11889: 11866: 7633: 3530:

In general, only the more accessible and larger islands remain inhabited. Currently, fewer than 90 remain inhabited. The Southern Uplands is essentially rural and dominated by agriculture and forestry. Because of housing problems in Glasgow and Edinburgh,

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cover the entire country. For healthcare and postal districts, and a number of other governmental and non-governmental organisations such as the churches, there are other long-standing methods of subdividing Scotland for the purposes of administration.

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course dating to before 1552, is considered a site of pilgrimage. In 1764, the standard 18-hole golf course was created at St Andrews when members modified the course from 22 to 18 holes. The world's oldest golf tournament, and golf's first major, is

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system of church government independent from the state. Its membership dropped just below 300,000 in 2020 (5% of the total population) The Church operates a territorial parish structure, with every community in Scotland having a local congregation.

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working-class districts. Women were especially active in building neighbourhood solidarity on housing issues. The "Reds" operated within the Labour Party with little influence in Parliament and the mood changed to passive despair by the late 1920s.

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in 1776, Glasgow was the world's premier tobacco port, dominating world trade. The disparity between the wealth of the merchant classes of the Scottish Lowlands and the ancient clans of the Scottish Highlands grew, amplifying centuries of division.

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Immigration since World War II has given Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee small South Asian communities. In 2011, there were an estimated 49,000 ethnically Pakistani people living in Scotland, making them the largest non-White ethnic group. The 2004

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purposes Scotland is subdivided into 32 single-tier council areas. The areas were established in 1996, and their councils are responsible for the provision of all local government services. Decisions are made by councillors, who are elected at

5538:. The terms of the Treaty of Union with England in 1707 guaranteed the continued existence of a separate legal system in Scotland from that of England and Wales. Prior to 1611, there were several regional law systems in Scotland, most notably 14454:

The market access principles undermine devolved competences in two ways... significantly undermine the purpose of devolution, which was to enable the devolved nations and regions to legislate according to their own local needs and political

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was complex during this period: Scottish kings tried several times, sometimes with success, to exploit English political turmoil, followed by the longest period of peace between Scotland and England in the mediaeval period: from 1217–1296.

15390: 12003: 17435: 13479: 2781:. The majority voted against the proposition, with 55% voting no to independence. More powers, particularly concerning taxation, were devolved to the Scottish Parliament after the referendum, following cross-party talks in the 121: 16219: 10792: 1583:. Other ancient authors used the adjective "Caledonian" to mean anywhere in northern or inland Britain, often mentioning the region's people and animals, its cold climate, its pearls, and a noteworthy region of wooded hills ( 133: 4588:

and therefore has supremacy over the Scottish Parliament, but generally restricts itself to legislating over reserved matters: primarily taxes, social security, defence, international relations, and broadcasting. There is a

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with less than 0.1% of the world's population, and higher education institutions account for 9% of Scotland's service sector exports. Scotland's University Courts are the only bodies in Scotland authorised to award degrees.

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campaigners proved futile. The Royal Navy successfully convinced the government to allow the base because it wanted its own Polaris submarines, and it obtained them in 1963. The RN's nuclear submarine base opened with four

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run by the Scottish bourgeoisie and reflecting their political and religious values. It was this local state, rather than a distant and usually indifferent Westminster authority, that in effect routinely governed

10245: 8479: 7611: 5095:. A majority in the United Kingdom voted to withdraw from the EU, while a majority within Scotland voted to remain a member. The first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, announced the following day that as a result a 15879: 4211:

population with 13.3% professing that faith, particularly in Greater Glasgow and the north-west. After the Reformation, Roman Catholicism in Scotland continued in the Highlands and some western islands like

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was pronounced king in 1292. In 1294, Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. Scotland and France sealed a treaty on 23 October 1295, known as the

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in 2007, but fell to 37th in 2012, following damage to its reputation, and in 2016 was ranked 56th out of 86. Its status had returned to 17th by 2020. Traditionally, the Scottish economy was dominated by

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was established, which would oversee the regulation of railways in Scotland and administer major rail projects. Since April 2022, Transport Scotland has taken ScotRail back into public ownership via its

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of March 1941, which intended to destroy naval shipbuilding in the area. 528 people were killed and 4,000 homes totally destroyed. Perhaps Scotland's most unusual wartime episode occurred in 1941 when

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as "one of the major Scottish poets of the modern era" because of his "mastery of his chosen medium and his engagement with the European poetic tradition and European politics". Nobel Prize Laureate

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saw a surge of literary activity and attempts to reclaim the Scots language as a medium for serious literature. Members of the movement were followed by a new generation of post-war poets including

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and the landscape is much affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective, the country has three main sub-divisions: the Highlands and Islands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands.

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did much to define Scottish identity in the 19th century. Towards the end of the Victorian era a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations as writers in English, including

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as a result of local and foreign influences, both ancient and modern. Traditional Scottish dishes exist alongside international foodstuffs brought about by migration. Scotland's natural larder of

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In the Highlands, clan chiefs gradually started to think of themselves more as commercial landlords than leaders of their people. These social and economic changes included the first phase of the

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have also been important employers from the 1970s, especially in the north-east of Scotland. De-industrialisation during the 1970s and 1980s saw a shift from a manufacturing focus towards a more

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increased the number of Scottish MPs and widened the franchise to include more of the middle classes. From the mid-century, there were increasing calls for Home Rule for Scotland and the post of

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burghs. Nevertheless, the nobles' bankruptcy, along with the threat of an English invasion, played a leading role in convincing the Scots elite to back a union with England. On 22 July 1706, the

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points out in "The Pity of War" that the proportion of enlisted Scots who died was third highest in the war behind Serbia and Turkey and a much higher proportion than in other parts of the UK.

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are the armed forces of Scotland. Of the money spent on UK defence, about £3.3 billion can be attributed to Scotland as of 2018/2019. Scotland had a long military tradition predating the

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the devolved institutions to make effective regulatory choices for their territories in ways that do not apply to the choices made by the UK government and parliament for the English market.

13450: 15769: 7070:. Mary, on her return to Scotland, brought an entourage of French staff who are considered responsible for revolutionising Scots cooking and for some of Scotland's unique food terminology. 15382: 12764: 10468: 20246: 16800: 15824: 8108: 4810:, a department of the UK Government. Nevertheless, the Scottish Government may promote Scottish interests abroad and encourage foreign investment in Scotland. The first minister and the 3519:

is where most of the main towns and cities of Scotland are located, including Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, and Perth. Scotland's only major city outside the Central Belt is Aberdeen. The

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in response to the breaking of a treaty by the Caledonians in 197, but permanent conquest of the whole of Great Britain was forestalled by Roman forces becoming bogged down in punishing

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between the ages of 14 and 18. The school leaving age is 16, after which students may choose to remain at school and study further qualifications. A small number of students at certain

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2012, this had increased to 2,669. Hospital admissions for other diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) were lower, with 727 admissions in 2002, and decreasing to 489 in 2012.

7574: 15589: 29296: 14441: 12149: 10789: 10276: 4451:(TFR) in Scotland is below the replacement rate of 2.1 (the TFR was 1.73 in 2011). The majority of births are to unmarried women (51.3% of births were outside of marriage in 2012). 2166:, which supported the wrecking proposal that a full legal union be sought instead, a proposal to which the Scots Parliament would not assent, causing the king to withdraw the plan. 15739: 15559: 11339: 4962:—the granting of central government powers to a regional government– gained increasing popularity as a policy in the United Kingdom the late twentieth century; it was described by 19156: 16047: 11261: 7704: 4112:

There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2 million Americans self-reported some degree of

2494:, whose work was critical to the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution throughout Britain. In literature, the most successful figure of the mid-19th century was 12648: 8440: 8389: 4902:

signed the Ireland-Scotland Bilateral Review, committing both governments to increased levels of co–operation on areas such as diplomacy, economy and business. Scotland also has

21988: 14719: 12117: 11031: 516: 16886: 12740: 7536: 15845: 9988: 4997:, gave the Scottish Parliament further powers to legislate on taxation and social security; the 2016 Act also gave the Scottish Government powers to manage the affairs of the 13835: 8731: 6417:, a woodwind reed instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe (called the chanter), which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag. The popularity of 6016:

The value of the Scottish banknotes in circulation in 2013 was £3.8 billion, underwritten by the Bank of England using funds deposited by each clearing bank, under the

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and remnants of the forest remain at 84 locations across Scotland. On the west coast, remnants of ancient Celtic Rainforest remain, particularly on the Taynish peninsula in

521: 120: 29248: 11056: 10865: 18573: 16408: 13897: 12974: 11368: 1135:; the term is also applied to the many saltwater inlets along the country's deeply indented western coastline. The geography of the many islands is varied. Some, such as 29227: 17416: 14983: 13346: 10957: 10097: 2788:

Since the 2014 referendum, events such as the UK leaving the European Union, despite a majority of voters in Scotland voting to remain a member, have led to calls for a

20747: 28845: 17769: 17744: 14264: 12261: 11005: 10383: 9692: 7799: 1333:, where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone. Evidence of sophisticated pre-Christian belief systems is demonstrated by sites such as the 17257: 10235: 8475: 7601: 30155: 15682: 10127: 8045: 5279:, did not join the Scots Army or Royal Scots Navy in merging with English armed forces, remaining a private army not under the command of the British Armed Forces. 2639:

were targeted by German bombers, as were smaller towns mostly located in the central belt of the country. Perhaps the most significant air raid in Scotland was the

15871: 15652: 12187: 11822: 5088: 2593: 15928: 15229: 10886: 3460:

and imports of lamb, mutton and wool from overseas, the 1870s brought with them a collapse of sheep prices and an abrupt halt in the previous sheep farming boom.

29389: 15791: 15622: 15529: 14041: 13699: 7986: 15704: 15470: 12857: 11519: 11290: 9768: 8509: 5936:(£16.92 per hour). Scotland's cities commonly have the largest salaries in Scotland for where people work. 2021/2022 date indicates that there were 2.6 million 5137:

every five years. The leader of the council is typically a councillor from the party with the most seats; councils also have a civic head, typically called the

12626: 12045: 10650: 6579:

made him the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation and was a major influence on the European Enlightenment. It was also a major influence on

5535: 5060:

was held. The referendum resulted in a rejection of independence, by 55.3% to 44.7%. During the campaign, the three main parties in the British Parliament–the

16646: 13209: 12700: 12592: 7663: 29289: 18609: 11316: 9088: 15437:

The Articles: legal and miscellaneous, UK Parliament House of Lords (2007). "Article 19: The Scottish legal system and its courts were to remain unchanged":

11969: 9264: 27779: 17997: 17389: 16099: 13424: 7764: 7186:. Scotland is one of only four countries to have a permanent representative on the IFAB; the other four representatives being appointed for set periods by 4918:

countries, which has resulted in some Nordic-inspired policies being adopted such as baby boxes. Representatives from the Scottish Parliament attended the

4152:

As per the 2022 Census, a majority of Scots (51.12%) reported not following any religion. The most practiced religion is Christianity (38.79%), mostly the

16305: 15118: 11573: 9932: 1891:

was consolidated, with both Anglo-Norman incomers and native Gaelic chieftains being granted land in exchange for serving the king. The relationship with

30140: 18664: 14129: 9204: 6970: 4353: 1741:

began to raid Scotland in the eighth century. Although the raiders sought slaves and luxury items, their main motivation was to acquire land. The oldest

18369: 13176: 12911: 11592: 10616: 7280:—and sharing it another 8. The Rugby World Cup was introduced in 1987 and Scotland have competed in all nine competitions, the most recent being in the 2684:(widely known as the Poll Tax) one year before the rest of Great Britain, contributed to a growing movement for Scottish control over domestic affairs. 25596: 25591: 25586: 25581: 25576: 25571: 25566: 25561: 25556: 25451: 25446: 25441: 25436: 25431: 25426: 25421: 25416: 25411: 25406: 25401: 25396: 25391: 25386: 25376: 25371: 25366: 25361: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25316: 25311: 25306: 25301: 25296: 25291: 25286: 25281: 25276: 25271: 25266: 25261: 25256: 25241: 25236: 25231: 25226: 25221: 25216: 25211: 25080: 25075: 25070: 25065: 25060: 25055: 25050: 25045: 25040: 25030: 25020: 25015: 25010: 25005: 25000: 24990: 24985: 24980: 24975: 24970: 24965: 24960: 24955: 24950: 24940: 24935: 24930: 24925: 24920: 24915: 24910: 24905: 24900: 24895: 24890: 24885: 24880: 24875: 24870: 24865: 24860: 24855: 24850: 24845: 24840: 24835: 24830: 24825: 24820: 24815: 24810: 24805: 24800: 24795: 24790: 24785: 24780: 24775: 24770: 24765: 24745: 24740: 24735: 24730: 24725: 24720: 24705: 24700: 24679: 24674: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24654: 24649: 24644: 24639: 24634: 24629: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24589: 24584: 24579: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24559: 24554: 24549: 24544: 24539: 24534: 24529: 24524: 24519: 24514: 24509: 24504: 24499: 24494: 24489: 24484: 24479: 24474: 24469: 24464: 24454: 24449: 24444: 24439: 24434: 24429: 24424: 24419: 24414: 24409: 24404: 24399: 24394: 24389: 24384: 24379: 24374: 24369: 24364: 24359: 24354: 24349: 24344: 24339: 24334: 24329: 24324: 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24279: 24274: 24269: 24264: 24259: 24254: 24249: 24244: 24239: 24234: 24229: 24224: 24219: 24214: 24209: 24204: 24199: 24194: 24189: 24168: 24163: 24158: 24153: 24148: 24143: 24138: 24133: 24128: 24123: 24118: 24113: 24108: 24103: 24098: 24093: 24088: 24083: 24078: 24073: 24068: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24043: 24038: 24033: 24028: 24023: 24018: 24013: 24008: 24003: 23998: 23993: 23988: 23983: 23978: 23973: 23968: 23963: 23958: 23953: 23948: 23943: 23938: 23933: 23928: 23923: 23918: 23913: 23908: 23903: 23898: 23893: 23888: 23878: 23873: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23693: 23688: 23683: 23678: 23601: 23596: 23591: 23586: 23581: 23576: 23571: 23566: 23561: 23556: 23551: 23546: 23541: 23536: 23531: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23496: 23491: 23486: 23481: 23476: 23471: 23466: 23461: 23456: 23451: 23446: 23441: 23436: 23431: 23426: 23421: 23416: 23411: 23406: 23401: 23396: 23391: 23386: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23366: 23361: 23356: 23351: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23331: 23326: 23321: 23316: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23286: 23281: 23276: 23271: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23241: 23236: 23231: 23226: 23221: 23216: 23211: 23206: 23201: 23196: 23191: 23186: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23166: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23141: 23136: 23131: 23126: 23121: 23116: 23111: 23106: 23090: 23085: 23080: 23075: 23070: 23065: 23060: 23055: 23050: 23045: 23040: 23035: 23030: 23025: 23020: 23015: 23010: 23005: 23000: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22970: 22965: 22960: 22955: 22950: 22945: 22940: 22935: 22930: 22925: 22920: 22915: 22910: 22905: 22900: 22895: 22890: 22885: 22880: 22875: 22870: 22865: 22860: 22855: 22850: 22845: 22840: 22835: 22830: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22790: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22755: 22750: 22745: 22740: 22735: 22730: 22725: 22720: 22715: 22710: 22705: 22700: 22695: 22690: 22685: 22675: 22670: 22665: 22660: 22655: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22625: 22620: 22615: 22610: 22605: 22600: 22595: 18710:

The Royal & Ancient and three public sector agencies are to continue using the Open Championship to promote Scotland as the worldwide home of golf.

15326: 10442: 8158: 7923: 6013:, which repealed all earlier legislation under which banknote issuance was regulated, and the Scottish and Northern Ireland Banknote Regulations 2009. 3631: 3616: 3611: 3596: 3498: 3034:

are generally mountainous and the highest elevations in the British Isles are found here. Scotland has over 790 islands divided into four main groups:

2659:

that detailed his intentions to open peace negotiations with the British. Pintsch delivered the letter to Hitler at the Berghof around noon on 11 May.

16606: 16576: 13060: 12232: 5368:

Because of their topography and perceived remoteness, parts of Scotland have housed many sensitive defence establishments. Between 1960 and 1991, the

28938: 28766: 28757: 17078: 16261: 13570: 11915: 11708: 9804: 4826: 4795: 4719: 13782: 7956: 6761:, Scotland and Scottish culture are represented at inter-Celtic events at home and over the world. Scotland hosts several music festivals including 1624:

constituted a seemingly coordinated invasion against Roman rule in Britain in the later 4th century, which included the participation of the Gaelic

29384: 29282: 16220:"Earnings: an observation – Mean and median gross weekly earnings (£s) by gender, working pattern and workplace/residence measure: Workplace-based" 13030: 10727: 9455: 8016: 5096: 4377: 2789: 16980: 15999: 15761: 14578: 13875: 13446: 11086: 10580: 10472: 8700: 5844:

onwards, being a world leader in manufacturing. This left a legacy in the diversity of goods and services which Scotland produces, from textiles,

28971: 27403: 17825: 16613: 14809: 12761: 11675: 9492: 7115:

Scotland hosts its own national sporting competitions and has independent representation at several international sporting events, including the

7040:, dairy products, fish, fruit, and vegetables is the chief factor in traditional Scots cooking, with a high reliance on simplicity and a lack of 6484: 2836:. The total area is 30,977 square miles (80,231 km) with a land area of 30,078 square miles (77,901 km), comparable to the size of the 2803:

later ruling against the argument. Following the Supreme Court decision, the Scottish Government stated that it wished to make amendments to the

2648: 15821: 8985: 7227: 4120:'s Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent, and it is estimated that there are more than 27 million descendants of the 27976: 19951: 17362: 15905: 14874: 14843: 14741: 14102: 14072: 14011: 13120: 13082: 8101: 7262: 6309:– are said to have been possible by Scotland's universities and parish schools, together with the commitment Scots had to education during the 5699: 4660: 2525:, which developed in the late 19th century, and flourished in the early 20th century, produced a distinctive blend of influences including the 2214: 18785: 18069: 16433: 16025: 15013: 14647: 11995: 10935: 6549:

Scotland has a literary heritage dating back to the early Middle Ages. The earliest extant literature composed in what is now Scotland was in

6413:

is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. A famous traditional Scottish instrument is the

2162:

on Scots vessels at sea. James VI and I intended to create a single kingdom of Great Britain, but was thwarted in his attempt to do so by the

1483:

became the northern border of the Roman Empire. The Roman influence on the southern part of the country was considerable, and they introduced

18726: 18314: 17281: 14779: 13813: 13733: 10362: 9746: 9229: 6500: 4085:

of the population) used Gaelic at home. The most common language spoken at home in Scotland after English and Scots is Polish, with about 1.1

2832:

The mainland of Scotland comprises the northern third of the land mass of the island of Great Britain, which lies off the northwest coast of

1416:, and Roman control over parts of the area fluctuated over a rather short period. The first Roman incursion into Scotland was in 79 AD, when 1127:, a hilly region along the southern border. The Highlands are the most mountainous region of the British Isles and contain its highest peak, 18331: 18235:. P.E. Stewart-Blacker (heraldic advisor), foreword by The R. Hon. C/refountess of Erroll. William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. p. 108. 16143: 14953: 14669: 13759: 13677: 12522: 12436: 5676: 4562: 2230:, the political support for the exiled Catholic Stuart dynasty, remained a threat to the security of the British state under the Protestant 29577: 29434: 28088: 27775: 18543: 15581: 15169: 13368: 12996: 11883:

American Community Survey 2004 by the US Census Bureau estimates 5,752,571 people claiming Scottish ancestry and 5,323,888 people claiming

10325: 9759: 9027: 8782: 7566: 4874: 4830: 4807: 3077:

formations. Many of these sediments have economic significance for it is here that the coal and iron-bearing rocks that fuelled Scotland's

2217:. The Protectorate Parliament was the first Westminster parliament to include representatives nominally from Scotland. The monarchy of the 17210: 17005: 14928: 14429: 13980: 12157: 10268: 8808: 6697:, which showcases film and television from the Celtic countries. Scottish entrants have won many awards since the festival began in 1980. 4413: 122: 28266: 28144: 22570: 19613: 15973: 15735: 15551: 6285:

are said to have revolutionised human technology and have played a major role in the creation of the modern world. Such inventions – the

6282: 5884: 4617:

represents the British government in Scotland and represents Scottish interests within the government. The Scotland Office is led by the

4433: 4128:

community accounts for 4.7 million people. About 20% of the original European settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland.

2777:, winning 69 of the 129 seats available. The success of the SNP in achieving a majority in the Scottish Parliament paved the way for the 18773:

Forrest L. Richardson (2002). "Routing the Golf Course: The Art & Science That Forms the Golf Journey". p. 46. John Wiley & Sons

11257: 10213: 8569: 8079: 7861: 7696: 6262:

Scotland's primary sources of energy are provided through renewable energy (61.8%), nuclear (25.7%) and fossil fuel generation (10.9%).

5005:

constrains the Scottish Parliament's autonomy to regulate goods and services, and the academic view is that this undermines devolution.

28594: 28098: 20241: 19704: 16051: 12945: 12652: 12316: 11790: 9833: 8414: 8363: 7195: 5672: 5328: 5009: 2198: 85: 16190: 14716: 8955: 4829:

or British High Commission offices. The Scottish Government, along with the other devolved governments of the United Kingdom, pay the

3085:

in Edinburgh being the remnant of a once much larger volcano. This area is relatively low-lying, although even here hills such as the

1975:

in 1314 proved the Scots had regained control of their kingdom. In 1320 the world's first documented declaration of independence, the

28834: 28526: 22473: 20445: 20416: 19207: 18910: 17307: 16696: 15274: 14695: 10157: 10026: 6056:

operating scheduled services to Europe, North America and Asia, as well as domestic services to England, Northern Ireland and Wales.

4593:

the UK Parliament will not legislate over devolved matters without the Scottish Parliament's consent. Scotland is represented in the

4220:, and it was strengthened during the 19th century by immigration from Ireland. Other Christian denominations in Scotland include the 290: 17847: 15849: 13651: 12732: 12540: 12095:

Lucas Quensel von Kalben, "The British Church and the Emergence of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom", in T. Dickinson and D. Griffiths, eds,

9996: 27981: 20089: 19138: 18532:

by James Mills, Paul Dimeo: Page 18 – Oldest Football Association is England's FA, then Scotland and third oldest is the Indian FA.

18286: 17791: 11456: 10300: 10180: 7179: 7050:

is the most common Scottish carbonated soft drink, often described as "Scotland's other national drink" (after whisky). During the

6472: 5579: 4862: 4554: 2451: 1776:. Around the turn of the millennium, there was a centralization in agricultural lands and the first towns began to be established. 219: 91: 18855: 18155: 17869: 15439: 15043: 12678: 12372: 12124: 10050: 9962: 8723: 7362:

since 1930 and has won 356 medals in total—91 Gold, 104 Silver and 161 Bronze. Edinburgh played host to the Commonwealth Games in

4545:. The monarchy uses a variety of styles, titles and other symbols specific to Scotland, most of which originated in the pre–union 1847:. Up until that point, the Hebrides had been under Norwegian Viking control for roughly 400 years and had developed a distinctive 27810: 22493: 22483: 19584: 7634:"Quality Assurance report – Unrounded population estimates and ethnic group, national identity, language and religion topic data" 7183: 5308: 5002: 4441: 3189:. Temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the temperature of −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) recorded at 2018:. The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from the end of the 14th century through the Scottish Renaissance to the 1514: 896: 16561:"Disaggregating Network Rail's expenditure and revenue allowance and future price control framework: a consultation (June 2005)" 12829: 11048: 10849: 9353: 3585: 3465: 2751:

at Holyrood opened in October 2004 after lengthy construction delays and running over budget. The Scottish Parliament's form of

256: 29363: 28634: 27771: 22513: 22498: 22488: 19714: 19465: 18880: 16535: 14904: 14555: 12968: 12830:"Table Q1: Births, stillbirths, deaths, marriages and civil partnerships, numbers and rates, Scotland, quarterly, 2002 to 2012" 11149: 4870: 4594: 2778: 2566: 30086: 18803: 15505: 14975: 13338: 10983: 10089: 6638:. From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with a group of writers including 3704: 29412: 28750: 28638: 28108: 22503: 20892: 19628: 19438: 19311: 18978: 18956: 18479: 17728: 17660: 15304: 15250:

The large number of military bases in Scotland led some to use the euphemism "Fortress Scotland". See Spaven, Malcolm (1983)

14616: 14525: 14314: 14286: 11499: 10859: 10531: 9415: 9333: 9058: 8841: 8675: 8604: 8434: 8280: 8142: 6326: 6143: 5636:. Scots juries, sitting in criminal cases, consist of fifteen jurors, which is three more than is typical in many countries. 5057: 4645: 4602: 4437: 2374:

from the British throne. The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the

18828: 17777: 17752: 12254: 11009: 10379: 10067: 9700: 8847: 7791: 6160:

Regular ferry services operate between the Scottish mainland and outlying islands. Ferries serving both the inner and outer

4265: 2154:

as despite having the same monarch the kingdoms retained their separate parliaments, laws and other institutions. The first

29212: 27966: 20268: 20003: 19535: 16560: 12781: 11116: 6184: 5783: 4979: 4221: 2688: 29706: 15674: 12566: 10119: 9434: 3532: 28964: 28807: 27396: 22508: 20179: 19983: 19879: 19555: 19301: 19134: 12346: 11947: 5575: 5077: 4731: 4715: 4606: 4421: 4326: 4172: 2800: 2043: 1946:

arbitrated between various claimants for the Scottish crown. In return for surrendering Scotland's nominal independence,

1913: 1069: 577: 419: 296: 178: 15644: 15412: 11815: 5683:, who was nominated by First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and appointed in June 2021. The Lord Advocate is supported by the 2173:, Scotland remained a separate state in the 17th century, but there was considerable conflict between the crown and the 30160: 28778: 28599: 28176: 28103: 19839: 15221: 11652: 11549: 10701: 10672: 9161: 7258: 6914: 6557:. Later medieval literature included works in Latin, Gaelic, Old English and French. The first surviving major text in 5339: 5084: 2821: 1909: 272: 15614: 15521: 14033: 13707: 13398: 12286: 9623: 7978: 7734: 7155:. Variations of football have been played in Scotland for centuries, with the earliest reference dating back to 1424. 1811:(1124–1153) and his successors centralised royal power and united mainland Scotland, capturing regions such as Moray, 29234: 21971: 21784: 20226: 19961: 19698: 19623: 19540: 19346: 19266: 19069: 19032: 19004: 18648: 18167: 18005: 17632: 17608: 17587: 17566: 17545: 17524: 17503: 17482: 17461: 16074: 15712: 15477: 15112: 14323: 14151: 12466: 12423: 12402: 12083: 11511: 11286: 11230: 10777: 10551: 9863: 9766: 9582:

J. F. MacKenzie, "The second city of the Empire: Glasgow – imperial municipality", in F. Driver and D. Gilbert, eds,

9136: 8935: 8897: 8650: 8501: 8383: 8316: 8252: 8073: 7891: 6770: 5787: 5347: 5200: 5053: 4837: 4688: 4664: 4208: 4094: 3515:

conurbation, with a population of almost 1.2 million, is home to nearly a quarter of Scotland's population. The

3351:

species. Large-scale commercial tree planting and management of upland moorland habitat for the grazing of sheep and

3100:

is a range of hills almost 125 miles (200 km) long, interspersed with broad valleys. They lie south of a second

2483: 2459: 1660: 1640: 1105: 18443: 18416: 18114: 18093: 13596: 12618: 10646: 10407: 5286:

have at various times existed in the British Army. Distinctively Scottish regiments in the British Army include the

5028:" on constitutional issues, proposing a number of options such as increasing the powers of the Scottish Parliament, 4160:(13.3%). In almost every council area, the most common response to the census question was "No religion," except in 3165:

from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as

2181:. The military was strengthened, allowing the imposition of royal authority on the western Highland clans. The 1609 1639:; but Roman military government was withdrawn from the island altogether by the early 5th century, resulting in the 29557: 29071: 28914: 28743: 27835: 27487: 19291: 19276: 19256: 17325: 13201: 12707: 12596: 12369:"A Guide to Education and Training in Scotland – "the broad education long regarded as characteristic of Scotland"" 10497: 7473: 6492: 5633: 5343: 5156: 4963: 4626: 4577: 4373: 3694: 1668: 1664: 1358: 1258: 1100:

speakers can be found all over Scotland, however the language is largely spoken natively by communities within the

957:. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of 508: 495: 20216: 19041:

The ecclesiastical architecture of Scotland from the earliest Christian times to the seventeenth century; vol. 3/3

18622: 11312: 10405:

Hall, Adian M. (1986). "Deep weathering patterns in north-east Scotland and their geomorphological significance".

6134:

in Scotland. It opened on 14 December 1896, making it the third-oldest underground network in the world after the

2470:

in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader. Glasgow became one of the largest cities in the world and known as "the

2127:'s sharp break from papal authority and Roman Catholic teaching. The Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, was forced to 1859:

spoken by islanders, and through successive generations the Norse would become almost completely assimilated into

29353: 29085: 28889: 22563: 20378: 20285: 19643: 19433: 19316: 18139:

Dickinson, Donaldson, Milne (eds.), A Source Book Of Scottish History, Nelson and Sons Ltd, Edinburgh 1952, p.205

11973: 10469:"Education Scotland – Standard Grade Bitesize Revision – Ask a Teacher – Geography – Physical – Question From PN" 7363: 7191: 7159: 7089: 6951: 4967: 4618: 3502: 2443: 2116: 1804: 950: 503: 380: 162: 18505: 18009: 16110: 11570: 9379:

Robert, Joseph C (1976). "The Tobacco Lords: A study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and their Activities".

7756: 6187:, until a fire damaged the vessel DFDS were using. A passenger service was also operated between 2002 and 2010. 4081:

250,000 in 1881 to 60,000 in 2008. Across the whole of Scotland, the 2011 census showed that 25,000 people (0.49

1505:), defending the Roman part of Scotland from the unadministered part of the island, north of a line between the 29982: 28957: 28802: 28409: 27389: 20053: 19724: 19460: 19450: 16510: 15102: 12416:

Scottish Literacy and the Scottish Identity: Illiteracy and Society in Scotland and Northern England, 1600–1800

12104: 9196: 9089:"On this Day: 21 November 1606: The proposed union between England and Scotland | History of Parliament Online" 8476:"Ancient Roman 'hand of god' discovered near Hadrian's Wall sheds light on biggest combat operation ever in UK" 8362:

Richmond, Ian Archibald; Millett, Martin (2012), Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.),

7460: 7277: 7163: 6057: 5983: 5858: 5766: 5684: 5032:, or a referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom. The three main unionist opposition parties– 4986:. The Act enabled the new institutions to legislate in all areas not explicitly reserved by the UK Parliament. 4506: 2601: 2178: 1548:

in the Severan campaign were placed near those established by Agricola and were clustered at the mouths of the

560: 467: 18672: 17232: 13265: 12097:

Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 10: Papers for the 47th Sachsensymposium, York, September 1996

11929: 11612:

in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p. 47

11589: 8540: 6034: 5606:

is the main criminal and civil court, hearing most cases. There are 49 sheriff courts throughout the country.

3238: 29305: 28519: 28181: 27630: 21954: 20295: 19799: 19749: 19671: 19286: 19200: 13312: 11625:

in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p.48

10090:"Special Report | 1999 | 06/99 | Scottish Parliament opening | Scotland's day of history" 7171: 7148: 6969:

tends to be more widely observed, particularly outside Scotland. In 2006, the Scottish Parliament passed the

5299: 4622: 4478: 4404: 4301: 4296: 4168:, where the Church of Scotland (35.3%) and Catholicism (33.4%) were the most common responses, respectively. 3120:

with an elevation of 843 m (2,766 ft). The Southern Uplands is home to Scotland's highest village,

2007: 1964: 1905: 915: 891: 13168: 11369:

Census 2011: Detailed characteristics on Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion in Scotland – Release 3A

10446: 8133:

Brewer's Britain & Ireland: The History, Culture, Folklore and Etymology of 7500 Places in These Islands

7912: 6823: 4740: 2840:. Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for 96 miles (154 km) between the basin of the 1871:, but they were later integrated into Scotland in the 15th century. Scandinavian culture in the form of the 30130: 29601: 28679: 28139: 27432: 27412: 22227: 20043: 19946: 19893: 19844: 19804: 19601: 19579: 19246: 16617: 15468:, (Oxford, 2001), pp. 381–382 & 382–386. Udal Law remains relevant to land law in Orkney and Shetland: 15334: 14831: 13052: 11729: 7288:. Each year, this fixture is played out as part of the Six Nations, with Scotland having last won in 2024. 6798: 6709: 6487:, and was the best-selling album internationally in 2009. Musical talent in Scotland is recognised via the 6200: 5717: 5335: 5216: 5129: 4637: 4486: 4381: 3469: 2774: 2748: 2463: 2343: 1276: 881: 18591: 17086: 16903: 14233: 13566: 13541: 11705: 11188:

The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University

9800: 6436: 2852:

is to the east. The island of Ireland lies only 13 miles (21 km) from the south-western peninsula of

2557: 30165: 28191: 28118: 27803: 27755: 27645: 27502: 21427: 20692: 20253: 20189: 20048: 19993: 19455: 19445: 19418: 19261: 12500: 10731: 9984: 7948: 6921: 5607: 5587: 5500: 5394: 5376: 5324: 5295: 4891: 4798:, the body which facilitates intergovernmental relations between the Scottish Government, UK Government, 4766: 4655:

legislature with 129 members (MSPs): 73 of them represent individual constituencies and are elected on a

4157: 3957: 2943: 2759:) resulted in no one party having an overall majority for the first three Scottish parliament elections. 2752: 2312: 1791: 1045: 342: 105: 16356: 13022: 12807: 10584: 9451: 8008: 4516: 4035: 3379:

may be 5,000 years old and is probably the oldest living thing in Europe. Although the number of native

330: 29612: 29416:

Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority

29255: 29106: 28699: 28664: 28654: 28474: 28218: 28113: 28093: 27830: 27462: 22556: 21998: 21873: 21478: 21447: 20832: 20184: 19978: 19686: 19680: 19530: 19475: 19356: 18739: 16135: 14586: 14135: 13867: 12808:"Scotland's Population 2011: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends 157th Edition" 11920: 11078: 8692: 7472:

Scottish Government figures include oil and gas revenues generated beyond UK territorial waters in the

7276:

from the inaugural tournament in 1883, winning it 14 times outright—including the last Five Nations in

7124: 6910: 6894: 6885:. There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the 6635: 6345: 6212: 6154: 6120: 5880: 5611: 5434: 5320: 5291: 5237: 5041: 4948: 4803: 4699: 4680: 4610: 4590: 4550: 4526: 4007: 3621: 3601: 2736: 2708: 2398: 2194: 1803:

nation-state emerged from this. At the end of this period, war against England started the growth of a

1077: 855: 831: 482: 17817: 11754: 11683: 3511:

is the capital of Scotland, the largest city is Glasgow, which has just over 584,000 inhabitants. The

3332:, these forests are particularly rare due to high rates of deforestation throughout Scottish history. 2607:

was Britain's commander on the Western Front. The war saw the emergence of a radical movement called "

321: 30150: 28980: 28735: 27971: 27745: 27720: 27710: 27700: 27660: 27655: 21959: 21794: 21422: 20263: 20258: 19940: 19608: 19423: 18339: 16563: 16458: 14801: 13989: 13934: 9914: 8977: 7606: 6857: 6766: 6716: 6554: 6480: 6196: 5417: 5373: 4866: 4858: 4723: 4585: 4322: 4317: 4270: 4225: 3724: 3626: 3606: 3116:

deposits laid down some 400 to 500 million years ago. The high point of the Southern Uplands is

2669: 2546: 2471: 2068: 1939: 1409: 1297:

Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of

1104:. The number of Gaelic speakers numbers less than 2% of the total population, though state-sponsored 20: 29710:

Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language

29180: 21759: 16852: 16826: 16021: 15901: 14866: 14835: 14738: 14639: 14094: 14064: 14003: 13112: 13090: 6731: 4061:. Scottish Standard English, a variety of English as spoken in Scotland, is at one end of a bipolar 29998: 29589: 29241: 28709: 28579: 28512: 28251: 28123: 27735: 27730: 27625: 27597: 27424: 22299: 21733: 21709: 21035: 20194: 20174: 20109: 20023: 19956: 19914: 19874: 19829: 19694: 19596: 19562: 19393: 19193: 18782: 17676:

L. McIlvanney (Spring 2005). "Hugh Blair, Robert Burns, and the Invention of Scottish Literature".

12457:

R. Anderson, "The history of Scottish Education pre-1980", in T. G. K. Bryce and W. M. Humes, eds,

10927: 7273: 7265: 7210: 7104: 6204: 5827: 5805: 5595: 5583: 5519: 5388: 5342:

in 2017. Before the formation of the Scottish Division, the Scottish infantry was organised into a

5220: 5109: 4357: 4291: 3889: 3651: 3641: 3548: 3396: 3325: 2756: 2681: 2570: 2530: 2467: 2439: 2403: 2359: 2300: 2269: 2210: 1918: 1037: 940: 658: 590: 57: 18311: 16954: 14775: 10359: 9744: 9236: 6406:

are an instrument largely associated with Scotland, and an early example of popular Scottish music

6179:. Other routes, such as southwest Scotland to Northern Ireland, are served by multiple companies. 4706:, leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), has served as the first minister since 8 May 2024. 2703:

with responsibility for most laws specific to Scotland. The Scottish Parliament was reconvened in

1745:

settlements were in northwest Scotland, but they eventually conquered many areas along the coast.

30135: 29874: 29262: 28589: 27620: 27577: 27507: 22010: 21658: 21204: 20923: 20742: 20632: 20169: 19784: 19567: 19480: 19470: 19351: 19296: 17821: 16602: 16409:"The Bank of England's approach to regulating Scottish and Northern Ireland commercial banknotes" 15147: 14945: 14433: 13939: 13729: 13287: 12526: 12444: 11221:(2nd ed., completely rev. and updated ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 10602: 8596: 8308: 7427: 7375: 7367: 6898: 6782: 6673: 6654: 6627: 6496: 6222: 6101: 5695: 5061: 5013: 4668: 4538: 4408: 4369: 3978: 3740: 3563: 2973: 2906:. Rising to 4,413 feet (1,345 m) above sea level, Scotland's highest point is the summit of 2766: 2447: 2367: 2363: 2239: 2222: 1976: 1772:, the kingdom expanded first southwards, into the former Northumbrian lands, and northwards into 1719: 1429: 1421: 1386: 783: 454: 15161: 14758: 13755: 13673: 13372: 13000: 10317: 10181:"Salmond hails 'historic' victory as SNP secures Holyrood's first ever majority | Politics" 9757: 9540: 8778: 7226:, which was first played on 17 October 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club, in Ayrshire, Scotland, with 6901:, incorporating a statement of political independence made on 6 April 1320, the textile pattern 4982:

which found majority support for both creating the Parliament and granting it limited powers to

4295:

set out a plan for a school in every parish, but this proved financially impossible. In 1616 an

3481:

only', 18% as 'Scottish and British', 8% as 'British only', and 4% chose 'other identity only'.

1405:, who called the northern tip of Britain "Orcas", the source of the name of the Orkney islands. 30145: 29488: 29348: 29092: 28556: 27796: 27740: 27715: 27705: 27492: 22478: 22397: 22360: 21432: 20722: 20717: 20058: 19849: 19633: 19545: 19503: 19331: 17720: 16283: 15969: 14925: 14437: 13977: 9023: 8804: 7132: 6989: 6877: 6815: 6678: 6592: 6414: 6310: 6165: 6105: 5998: 5967: 5889: 5876: 5870: 5758: 5591: 5504: 5452:-armed submarine occurred in 1994, although the US base was closed at the end of the Cold War. 5069: 5037: 4983: 4907: 4811: 4672: 4398: 4365: 4146: 3552: 3456:

America and Australia, and another 750,000 Scots relocated to England. Caused by the advent of

3449: 3360: 3242: 2932: 2506: 2419: 2316: 2288: 1832: 1795: 1711: 1417: 1041: 724: 17652: 17646: 15961: 14229: 11222: 7537:"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data" 7028:

Scottish cuisine has distinctive attributes and recipes of its own but shares much with wider

5610:

were introduced in 1975 for minor offences and small claims. These were gradually replaced by

4069:

at the other. Scottish Standard English may have been influenced to varying degrees by Scots.

3452:

and the collapse of industries that had relied on the wartime economy of the Napoleonic Wars.

3138: 2799:

argued the case for the Scottish Government to hold another referendum on the issue, with the

29926: 29547: 29078: 29018: 28989: 28399: 28244: 27940: 27640: 27610: 27605: 27457: 22244: 22059: 21804: 21704: 21075: 20918: 20897: 20231: 20146: 20118: 20094: 19934: 19859: 19794: 19574: 19525: 19378: 19366: 19161: 18206: 17927: 16879:"Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago" 13962: 11679: 10205: 9197:"BBC – History – British History in depth: Acts of Union: The creation of the United Kingdom" 8561: 8063: 8042: 7857: 7409: 7239: 7235: 7223: 7128: 6865: 6694: 6689: 6528: 6488: 6029: 5957: 5853: 5841: 5468: 5134: 5118: 5025: 5017: 4998: 4935: 4903: 4899: 4482: 4361: 4349: 4278: 4260: 4030: 3821: 3402: 3078: 2969: 2951: 2816: 2763: 2423: 2324: 2320: 2292: 2163: 2003: 1972: 1160: 1089: 1065: 974: 631: 284: 20028: 17712: 17343: 17030: 16484: 12941: 12308: 11782: 11214: 9829: 8753: 6398: 5618:

Scots legal system is unique in having three possible verdicts: "guilty", "not guilty" and "

4285:. In the 15th century, the Humanist emphasis on education cumulated with the passing of the 1703:

Beginning in the sixth century, the area that is now Scotland was divided into three areas:

1436:. Remains of Roman forts established in the 1st century have been found as far north as the 71: 29656: 29152: 29099: 28903: 28018: 27860: 27760: 27725: 27675: 27650: 22387: 22259: 21993: 21643: 21040: 20963: 20772: 20697: 20275: 20221: 20208: 19809: 19653: 19648: 19512: 19494: 19306: 19251: 18551: 17164: 17056: 14302:

the UK. This undermines their legislative autonomy and renders certain policies ineffective

14266:

Intergovernmental Relations in the UK: Cooperation and Conflict in a Devolved Unitary State

14204: 10958:

Integrated Upland Management for Wildlife, Field Sports, Agriculture & Public Enjoyment

10752: 10047: 8951: 8426: 8375: 7281: 7175: 7152: 7067: 6683: 6660: 6611: 6357: 6168: 5750: 5721: 5525: 5496: 5303: 5268: 5244: 5225: 5122: 5056:

resulted in an SNP overall majority in the Scottish Parliament, and on 18 September 2014 a

4887: 4846: 4566: 4464: 4448: 4330: 4236: 4176: 4175:

have dominated religious life in what is now Scotland for more than 1,400 years. Since the

4137: 4062: 3559: 3406: 3364: 3289: 2723: 2562: 2124: 2096: 2076: 2072: 2019: 1999: 1287: 1217: 847: 445: 386: 368: 362: 14687: 11340:"Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2021" 10018: 5698:(SPS) manages the prisons in Scotland, which collectively house over 8,500 prisoners. The 4894:

was established, which co-ordinates Scottish activities to strengthen existing links with

1552:

in the Highlands, the Caledonians were again in revolt in 210–211 and these were overrun.

8: 30055: 29627: 29583: 29460: 29425: 29113: 29011: 28879: 28719: 28659: 28624: 28484: 28404: 28261: 28208: 28196: 27897: 27635: 27582: 27472: 22536: 22274: 22143: 22073: 22054: 22033: 21966: 21789: 21663: 21483: 21468: 21463: 21417: 21392: 21065: 20958: 20943: 20757: 20576: 20371: 20318: 20290: 20013: 20008: 19988: 19906: 19854: 19819: 19772: 19618: 19550: 19520: 19408: 19388: 19341: 19281: 19271: 19238: 19228: 19129: 18918: 17108:

Hugh, T. B. (2002). "Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin".

14551: 14332: 13643: 12544: 12118:"Church of Scotland General Assembly 2021 CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS 2020 Summary Page 75" 12025: 11884: 9073: 8413:

Millett, Martin J. (2012), Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.),

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are informal organisations that represent smaller subdivisions within each council area.

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The west of Scotland is usually warmer than the east, owing to the influence of Atlantic

3182: 3133: 3059: 3016: 2927: 2728: 2700: 2696: 2479: 2446:

was revived. Towards the end of the century Prime Ministers of Scottish descent included

2386: 2250:. Almost every Scottish landowner who had money to spare is said to have invested in the 2243: 2147: 2104: 2047: 1943: 1808: 1783: 1656: 1596: 1371: 1310: 1270: 1073: 1049: 1033: 1009: 962: 861: 837: 547: 540: 450: 374: 21673: 17894: 17168: 15141: 14670:"Scotland votes no: the union has survived, but the questions for the left are profound" 12674: 12368: 9954: 9265:"Popular Opposition to the Ratification of the Treaty of Anglo-Scottish Union in 1706–7" 6808: 2426:

turned Scotland into an intellectual, commercial and industrial powerhouse — so much so

1998:

lasted until the middle of the 14th century. Although the Bruce faction was successful,

28874: 28714: 28674: 28619: 28574: 28294: 28256: 28239: 28186: 28160: 27986: 27932: 27690: 27685: 22440: 22171: 22064: 22028: 21949: 21904: 21799: 21625: 21516: 21473: 21402: 21209: 20984: 20752: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20637: 20494: 20450: 20236: 20099: 19966: 19739: 19734: 19676: 19589: 19413: 19336: 19321: 18149: 17975: 17877: 17693: 17187: 17152: 17133: 17121: 16700: 16165: 15443: 15035: 14292: 14213: 14200:"Sleeping with an Elephant: Devolution and the United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020" 14157: 13142: 10297: 9486: 9388: 9069: 8131: 7359: 7144: 6958: 6939: 6933: 6926: 6762: 6725: 6596: 6524: 6361: 6263: 6208: 6153:

are managed by Transport Scotland. The remainder of the road network is managed by the

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intrusions of a more recent age, remnants of which formed mountain massifs such as the

2993: 2895: 2888: 2833: 2740: 2612: 2510: 2454:. In the late 19th century the growing importance of the working classes was marked by 2375: 2354:

claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly among non-

2296: 2143: 2139: 2027: 1892: 1875:

survived for a lot longer than in the Hebrides, and would strongly influence the local

1564: 1325:

habitation, burial, and ritual sites are particularly common and well preserved in the

1185: 1116: 1025: 1021: 1002: 603: 336: 111: 18697: 6785:, Australia), feature elements of Scottish culture such as language, music and dance. 4561:, which is traditionally given to the heir apparent. There are also distinct Scottish 1725:

Gaelic influence over Pictland and Northumbria was facilitated by the large number of

30125: 29858: 29166: 29159: 28464: 28355: 28213: 27572: 27547: 27537: 27482: 23662: 23657: 23652: 23647: 23642: 23637: 23632: 23627: 23622: 23617: 22304: 22279: 22269: 22005: 21978: 21859: 21714: 21699: 21694: 21653: 21648: 21553: 21442: 21397: 21387: 21379: 21050: 21004: 20994: 20840: 20667: 20647: 20606: 20327: 20280: 20075: 20038: 20033: 20018: 19998: 19824: 19729: 19719: 19428: 19403: 19398: 19065: 19057: 19028: 19000: 18974: 18952: 18644: 18453: 18391: 18163: 17724: 17713: 17697: 17656: 17628: 17604: 17583: 17562: 17541: 17520: 17499: 17478: 17457: 17192: 17137: 17125: 16334: 16072: 15108: 15005: 14482: 14473: 14385: 14376: 14296: 14282: 14245: 14225: 14217: 14161: 14147: 13898:"Presiding Officer leads Holyrood delegation to strengthen links with Nordic Council" 12462: 12419: 12398: 12100: 12079: 11495: 11236: 11226: 11215: 10855: 10773: 10547: 10527: 10424: 10236:"Supreme court rules against Scottish parliament holding new independence referendum" 9924: 9859: 9536: 9520:

Federalism Beyond Federations: Asymmetry and Processes of Re-symmetrization in Europe

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in the Lord Advocate's name on behalf of the Monarch. The officeholder is one of the

5664: 5398: 5384: 5316: 5283: 5146: 5065: 5045: 4994: 4990: 4975: 4882: 4570: 4380:, with Edinburgh placing in the top 50. Scotland had more universities per capita in 4282: 4232: 4196: 4125: 4113: 4012: 3996: 3962: 3876: 3860: 3774: 3520: 3474: 3321: 3272:

can be seen in their white colour phase during winter months. Remnants of the native

3233: 3229: 3117: 3023: 2804: 2692: 2652: 2616: 2247: 2092: 2031: 1773: 1526: 1522: 1479: 1474: 1302: 1120: 1093: 908: 690: 616: 356: 18856:"Dario Franchitti seals his place as the greatest Indy car driver of the modern era" 18039: 16748: 15736:"Edinburgh 4th in Europe in new Financial Centres index – Scottish Financial Review" 14896: 14802:"Scottish Leader Nicola Sturgeon Announces Plans for Second Independence Referendum" 14319:"Taking back control? Brexit and the territorial constitution of the United Kingdom" 11448: 11138: 11006:"Scotland remains home to Britain's tallest tree as Dughall Mor reaches new heights" 7084: 4940: 4632: 2680:

and gas industry. The introduction in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher's government of the

2521:. Scotland also played a major part in the development of art and architecture. The 1963:

initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in the

1955:. War ensued, and John was deposed by Edward who took personal control of Scotland. 1216:("land of the Gaels") was initially used to refer to Ireland, and likewise in early 30009: 29977: 29867: 29682: 29512: 29120: 29039: 28704: 28584: 28561: 28551: 28459: 28325: 28317: 28302: 28234: 28201: 27911: 27750: 27680: 27557: 27452: 27370: 27365: 27360: 27355: 27350: 27345: 27340: 27335: 27330: 27325: 27320: 27315: 27310: 27305: 27300: 27295: 27290: 27285: 27280: 27275: 27270: 27265: 27260: 27255: 27239: 27234: 27229: 27224: 27219: 27214: 27209: 27204: 27199: 27194: 27189: 27184: 27179: 27174: 27169: 27164: 27159: 27154: 27149: 27144: 27139: 27134: 27129: 27124: 27119: 27114: 27109: 27104: 27099: 27094: 27089: 27084: 27079: 27074: 27069: 27064: 27059: 27054: 27049: 27044: 27039: 27034: 27029: 27024: 27019: 27014: 27009: 27004: 26999: 26994: 26989: 26984: 26979: 26974: 26969: 26964: 26959: 26954: 26949: 26944: 26939: 26934: 26929: 26924: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26904: 26899: 26894: 26889: 26884: 26879: 26874: 26869: 26864: 26859: 26854: 26849: 26844: 26839: 26834: 26829: 26824: 26819: 26814: 26809: 26804: 26799: 26794: 26789: 26784: 26779: 26774: 26769: 26764: 26759: 26754: 26749: 26744: 26728: 26723: 26718: 26713: 26708: 26703: 26698: 26693: 26688: 26683: 26678: 26673: 26668: 26663: 26658: 26653: 26648: 26643: 26638: 26633: 26628: 26623: 26618: 26613: 26608: 26603: 26598: 26593: 26588: 26583: 26578: 26573: 26568: 26563: 26558: 26553: 26548: 26543: 26538: 26533: 26528: 26523: 26518: 26513: 26508: 26503: 26498: 26493: 26488: 26483: 26478: 26473: 26468: 26463: 26458: 26453: 26448: 26443: 26438: 26433: 26428: 26423: 26418: 26413: 26408: 26403: 26398: 26393: 26388: 26383: 26378: 26373: 26368: 26363: 26358: 26353: 26348: 26343: 26338: 26333: 26328: 26323: 26318: 26313: 26308: 26303: 26298: 26293: 26288: 26283: 26278: 26273: 26268: 26263: 26258: 26253: 26248: 26243: 26238: 26233: 26217: 26212: 26207: 26202: 26197: 26192: 26187: 26182: 26177: 26172: 26167: 26162: 26157: 26152: 26147: 26142: 26137: 26132: 26127: 26122: 26117: 26112: 26107: 26102: 26097: 26092: 26087: 26082: 26077: 26072: 26067: 26062: 26057: 26052: 26047: 26042: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26022: 26017: 26012: 26007: 26002: 25997: 25992: 25987: 25982: 25977: 25972: 25967: 25962: 25957: 25952: 25947: 25942: 25937: 25932: 25927: 25922: 25917: 25912: 25907: 25902: 25897: 25892: 25887: 25882: 25877: 25872: 25867: 25862: 25857: 25852: 25847: 25842: 25837: 25832: 25827: 25822: 25817: 25812: 25807: 25802: 25797: 25792: 25787: 25782: 25777: 25772: 25767: 25762: 25757: 25752: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25732: 25727: 25722: 25706: 25701: 25696: 25691: 25686: 25681: 25676: 25671: 25666: 25661: 25656: 25651: 25646: 25641: 25636: 25631: 25626: 25621: 25616: 25611: 25606: 25601: 25551: 25546: 25541: 25536: 25531: 25526: 25521: 25516: 25511: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25456: 25381: 25251: 25246: 25195: 25190: 25185: 25180: 25175: 25170: 25165: 25160: 25155: 25150: 25145: 25140: 25135: 25130: 25125: 25120: 25115: 25110: 25105: 25100: 25095: 25090: 25085: 25035: 25025: 24995: 24945: 24760: 24755: 24750: 24715: 24710: 24684: 24459: 24173: 23883: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23803: 23798: 23793: 23788: 23783: 23778: 23773: 23768: 23763: 23758: 23753: 23748: 23743: 23738: 23733: 23728: 23723: 23718: 23713: 23708: 23703: 23698: 22680: 22650: 22333: 22294: 22249: 22236: 22156: 22135: 22038: 21983: 21668: 21488: 21407: 21219: 20999: 20938: 20828: 20707: 20702: 20672: 20642: 20596: 20558: 20424: 20131: 20126: 20063: 19929: 19789: 19690: 18944: 18888: 17685: 17601:

The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707

17475:

The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707

17182: 17172: 17117: 15501: 14486: 14389: 14346: 14336: 14274: 14139: 13943: 11638:

in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 11, Elsevier, Oxford, 2005. p. 33

11139:"Poverty, Protest and Politics: Perceptions of the Scottish Highlands in the 1880s" 10975: 10416: 9610:

Scotland and the United Kingdom: the Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century

8422: 8371: 7417: 7348: 7316: 7231: 7206: 7170:

was first contested in 1873, and is the oldest trophy in association football. The

7055: 7051: 7033: 7005: 6853: 6736: 6712: 6604: 6572: 6252: 6017: 6010: 5994: 5914: 5894: 5754: 5567: 5471: 5256: 5233: 5073: 4952: 4911: 4799: 4558: 4502: 4440:. Healthcare policy and funding is the responsibility of the Scottish Government's 4224:, and various other Presbyterian offshoots. Scotland's third largest church is the 4070: 3293: 3202: 3097: 3082: 3066: 2936: 2876: 2782: 2518: 2500: 2371: 2331: 2235: 2182: 2170: 2159: 2120: 2060: 2011: 1995: 1968: 1923: 1848: 1787: 1750: 1690: 1633: 1621: 1433: 1390: 1334: 1298: 1124: 1081: 758: 77: 22548: 18483: 18272: 18246: 17795: 17436:"Tragedies, feuds and public tantrums: Is the dream finally over for Susan Boyle?" 16668: 15296: 15264: 14608: 14547: 14517: 14469:"The Governance of Economic Unionism after the United Kingdom Internal Market Act" 14341: 14318: 11943: 10420: 10149: 10075: 7062:

played a role in Scottish cookery due to cultural exchanges brought about by the "

5737:, the 13th-largest financial centre in the world and 4th largest in Europe in 2020 5145:, who represents the council on ceremonial occasions and chairs council meetings. 1309:

arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the

30019: 29173: 28884: 28869: 28791: 28684: 28629: 28479: 28368: 28330: 28072: 28013: 27889: 27665: 27447: 27442: 22376: 22314: 22254: 22217: 22189: 22151: 22116: 22096: 21879: 21869: 21854: 21741: 21548: 21412: 21175: 21030: 20989: 20979: 20823: 20762: 20682: 20677: 20662: 20657: 20570: 20332: 20156: 20136: 19754: 19638: 19151: 18789: 18318: 18159: 18097: 17848:"Edinburgh streets could be given Gaelic names under plans to celebrate language" 15828: 15509: 15269: 14932: 14745: 14723: 13984: 12898: 12768: 12046:"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion" 11880: 11870: 11712: 11596: 11577: 11375: 10796: 10366: 10304: 10054: 9772: 9763: 9750: 9438: 9431: 9006: 8831: 8337:

Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC—AD 1000.

8112: 8049: 7395: 7328: 7029: 6966: 6890: 6834: 6794: 6643: 6588: 6349: 6341:

and the tallest fully rotating freestanding structure in the world respectively.

6302: 6270:

in the United Kingdom, and was Europe's largest onshore wind farm for some time.

6002: 5975: 5941: 5725: 5691: 5643: 5629: 5558:

survived in the Highlands until the 1800s. Scots law provides for three types of

5460: 5456: 5449: 5248: 5196: 5152: 5138: 5114: 5033: 4910:. Scottish Government policy advocates for stronger political relations with the 4842: 4684: 4676: 4659:

system, and the other 56 are elected in eight different electoral regions by the

4614: 4180: 4142: 4058: 4043: 3769: 3512: 3478: 3410: 3313: 3250: 3158: 3101: 2868: 2640: 2597: 2586: 2491: 2411: 2284: 2263: 2231: 2218: 2202: 1983:, leading to the legal recognition of Scottish sovereignty by the English Crown. 1960: 1931: 1856: 1844: 1518: 1306: 1109: 1097: 1057: 1013: 414: 404: 278: 28818: 16434:"Scottish Banknotes: The Treasury's Symbolic Hostage in the Independence Debate" 16382: 15762:"Scotland retains status as the UK's second largest international financial hub" 14776:"Brexit: Nicola Sturgeon says second Scottish independence vote 'highly likely'" 12785: 11970:"Scots-Irish By Alister McReynolds, writer and lecturer in Ulster-Scots studies" 11108: 6917:, for the repeal in 1782 of the Act of 1747 prohibiting the wearing of tartans. 3420: 1867:

system. After the conflict, Scotland had to affirm Norwegian sovereignty of the

1779: 1678: 29949: 29675: 29646: 29563: 29500: 29358: 29004: 28861: 28770: 28614: 28609: 28535: 28444: 28439: 28434: 28345: 28335: 28307: 28055: 28038: 28033: 27902: 27567: 27532: 27527: 27381: 22415: 22405: 22381: 22328: 22284: 22199: 22179: 22161: 22106: 22101: 22069: 21914: 21894: 21719: 21620: 21599: 21594: 21231: 21165: 21160: 21149: 21130: 21124: 21120: 20933: 20928: 20887: 20814: 20800: 20712: 20687: 20652: 20611: 20601: 20537: 20524: 20464: 20408: 20400: 20391: 20364: 20141: 19176: 19052: 18544:"The colourful history of a fascinating game. More than 2000 Years of Football" 16981:"Scottish Energy Statistics Hub: Proportion of electricity consumption by fuel" 14425: 14413: 14191: 12675:"A Framework for Higher Education in Scotland: Higher Education Review Phase 2" 12570: 9753: 7602:"Standard Area Measurements for Administrative Areas (December 2023) in the UK" 7497: 7463:

Standard Area Measurement, 'total extent of the realm' (area to mean low water)

7451:

ONS Standard Area Measurement, 'area to mean high water excluding inland water'

7352: 7344: 7340: 7292: 7116: 7059: 6758: 6752: 6623: 6542: 6460: 6410: 6172: 6135: 6127: 5987: 5944:

dwellings. Typical prices for a house in Scotland was £195,391 in August 2022.

5771: 5702:

is responsible for the Scottish Prison Service within the Scottish Government.

5421: 5204: 5092: 4919: 4751: 4496: 4161: 4102: 4098: 4066: 4054: 4039: 3842: 3380: 3376: 3261: 3209: 3146: 3047: 3043: 2864: 2837: 2620: 2582: 2526: 2522: 2432: 2379: 2206: 2151: 2135: 2108: 2080: 2056: 1991: 1980: 1876: 1868: 1860: 1824: 1754: 1742: 1584: 1510: 1506: 1495: 1326: 1184:

has speculated on the likelihood of a group of raiders adopting a name from an

1181: 1085: 1029: 982: 970: 954: 932: 811: 430: 148: 43: 28373: 13807: 12338: 9408:

Clanship to Crofters' War: The social transformation of the Scottish Highlands

5840:

Scotland was one of the industrial powerhouses of Europe from the time of the

4806:. Foreign policy is a reserved matter and primarily the responsibility of the 4384:

top 100 in 2012 than any other nation. The country produces 1% of the world's

30119: 30101: 30088: 29595: 29541: 29445: 28933: 28786: 28644: 28340: 28023: 27819: 27695: 27615: 27467: 27437: 22212: 22184: 22091: 22083: 21825: 21777: 21563: 21511: 21240: 21180: 21170: 21070: 21045: 20836: 20160: 19924: 19864: 19833: 19709: 19180: 19146: 19088: 17949: 17919: 17689: 17620: 15416: 14421: 14221: 14195: 13947: 12225:"Scottish Episcopal Church could be first in UK to conduct same-sex weddings" 11240: 10428: 9123: 9118: 8923: 8918: 8885: 8880: 8638: 8633: 8268: 8240: 8235: 7505: 7336: 7269: 7158:

The world's first official international association football match, between

7063: 6945: 6906: 6861: 6830: 6740: 6647: 6631: 6468: 6444: 6440: 6334: 6330: 6294: 6131: 6073: 6038: 5933: 5861:

sector of the economy, which has grown to be the largest sector in Scotland.

5823: 5779: 5762: 5745: 5651: 5603: 5586:

is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. The Court of Session is housed at

5479: 4915: 4878: 4747: 4598: 4106: 4074: 3855: 3808: 3536: 3457: 3437: 3368: 3356: 3265: 3198: 3174: 3090: 2977: 2863:

The territorial extent of Scotland is generally that established by the 1237

2857: 2793: 2677: 2608: 2335: 2251: 2088: 2084: 1987: 1952: 1872: 1864: 1734: 1726: 1491: 1441: 1432:, but by three years after the battle, the Roman armies had withdrawn to the 1362: 1338: 1330: 958: 567: 234: 221: 193: 180: 20343: 18457: 16577:"Scottish Transport Statistics No 38: 2019 Edition Chapter 7: Rail Services" 14491: 14468: 14394: 14371: 13394: 10705: 10676: 10597:

The same temperature was also recorded in Braemar on 10 January 1982 and at

9928: 6533: 5338:, having previously formed the Scottish Division, were reorganised into the 4970:, as the "settled will of the Scottish people". The Scottish Parliament and 4794:

As leader of the Scottish Government, the first minister is a member of the

4240: 2647:

flew to Renfrewshire, possibly intending to broker a peace deal through the

2330:

With trade tariffs with England abolished, trade blossomed, especially with

2303:

with effect from 1 May 1707 with popular opposition and anti-union riots in

1722:. The Picts kept slaves (mostly captured in war) through the ninth century. 1131:, at 4,413 feet (1,345 m). The region also contains many lakes, called 29955: 29800: 29790: 29570: 28812: 28724: 28489: 28454: 27670: 27587: 27552: 27477: 22530: 22323: 22111: 21635: 21589: 21528: 21437: 21214: 21192: 21185: 20627: 20552: 20542: 20474: 19919: 19869: 19814: 19383: 18966: 18448: 17367: 17196: 17129: 14417: 13840: 10799:(pdf) (2006) Cairngorms National Park Authority. Retrieved 14 October 2007. 10240: 9919: 9635: 7726: 7308: 7285: 7218: 7167: 7010: 6974: 6962: 6845: 6701: 6667: 6639: 6600: 6584: 6580: 6538: 6520: 6464: 6452: 6430: 6306: 6245: 6180: 6116: 6087: 5979: 5775: 5742: 5680: 5639: 5571: 5383:, 25 miles (40 kilometres) north-west of Glasgow, is the base for the four 5358: 5332: 5287: 5276: 5264: 5230: 5142: 4944: 4773: 4703: 4522: 4429: 4417: 4200: 3894: 3826: 3524: 3516: 3352: 3297: 3254: 2845: 2796: 2770: 2732: 2712: 2673: 2660: 2656: 2628: 2604: 2514: 2495: 2407: 2355: 2100: 1956: 1947: 1614: 1602: 1484: 1459: 1413: 1291: 1140: 1136: 488: 251: 20819: 20082: 15464:"Law and institutions, Gaelic" & "Law and lawyers" in M. Lynch (ed.), 14278: 14143: 12967:

Select Committee on the Constitution (2022). "Parliamentary Sovereignty".

12028:

Phonology Trudgill et al. Journal of English Linguistics.2003; 31: 103–124

4663:. MSPs normally serve for a five-year period. The largest party since the 1715: 1544:) after he was taken ill while on campaign. Although forts erected by the 1424:

in 83 AD. After the Roman victory, Roman forts were briefly set along the

29897: 29847: 29805: 29669: 29633: 29552: 29465: 29368: 29274: 29025: 28824: 28797: 28689: 28649: 28604: 28546: 28469: 28050: 27950: 22445: 22430: 21831: 21750: 21558: 21543: 21533: 21506: 21332: 21285: 21197: 20948: 20565: 20469: 20356: 18762:

Science and Golf IV: proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf

18118: 18090: 16073:

Carrell, Severin; Griffiths, Ian; Terry Macalister, Terry (29 May 2014).

13928: 8159:"Prehistoric Scotland was culturally divergent before the Romans arrived" 7324: 7312: 7247: 7166:

was held in Glasgow on 30 November 1872, and resulted in a 0–0 draw. The

7037: 6869: 6619: 6558: 6476: 6448: 6348:

is a world leader in sustainable space technology, and, according to the

6298: 6271: 6150: 6006: 5906: 5668: 5563: 5555: 5353: 5312: 5176: 4817:

Scotland's international network consists of two Scotland Houses, one in

4755: 4542: 4356:. The four universities founded before the end of the 16th century – the 4244: 3991: 3923: 3544: 3432:

During the 1820s, many Scots migrated from Scotland to countries such as

3301: 3170: 3162: 3121: 3086: 3070: 3051: 3027: 2989: 2959: 2947: 2872: 2841: 2644: 2542: 2455: 2174: 2112: 2023: 2015: 1765: 1729:

working as missionaries. Operating in the sixth century on the island of

1708: 1576: 1568: 1560: 1437: 1230: 873: 473: 28949: 28378: 21100: 20871: 19116:– official online gateway to Scotland managed by the Scottish Government 19096: 19040: 18312:"Explanatory Notes to St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007" 13592: 12970:

Respect and Co-operation: Building a Stronger Union for the 21st century

12076:

Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850

10501: 7492:, open to use by all with a connection to Scotland or Scottish culture. 7291:

Other distinctive features of the national sporting culture include the

7253:

The Scottish Rugby Union is the second oldest rugby union in the world.

6988:, which has been a Scottish heraldic symbol since the 12th century. The 6317:

is responsible for the discovery of the world's first broadly effective

4376:, all of which rank among the 200 best universities in the world in the 2631:

largely due to its factories, shipyards, and coal mines. Cities such as

2577: 29795: 29740: 29534: 29138: 28449: 28383: 27517: 27512: 22368: 22356: 21809: 21773: 21573: 21538: 21498: 21090: 20857: 20848: 19326: 14897:"General election 2019: Sturgeon says legal indyref2 is a 'hard truth'" 12210: 10962: 10598: 9392: 8724:"Spikkin Scandinavian: The similarity between Scots and Nordic tongues" 7501: 7320: 7214: 7151:(the second oldest national football association in the world) and the 6978: 6882: 6353: 6322: 6318: 6286: 6237: 6233: 5921:, accommodation and food and drink tend to be the lowest paid. The top 5849: 5730: 5620: 5599: 5551: 5531: 5441: 5409: 5405: 5380: 5260: 5252: 5072:–pledged to extend the powers of the Scottish Parliament. An all-party 5029: 4959: 4784: 4652: 4192: 4165: 3939: 3910: 3871: 3803: 3540: 3340: 3285: 3273: 3012: 3001: 2981: 2899: 2825: 2538: 2487: 2351: 2278:

Scottish Exemplification (official copy) of the Treaty of Union of 1707

2227: 2155: 1769: 1545: 1455: 1425: 1375: 1314: 1205: 1053: 819: 28765: 17794:(Press release). Scottish Government. 16 February 2004. Archived from 14351: 12309:"In the Scottish Lowlands, Europe's first Buddhist monastery turns 40" 7664:"Regional gross value added (balanced) per head and income components" 7531: 7529: 3312:

in the 1980s, and there have been experimental projects involving the

1401:

The first written reference to Scotland was in 320 BC by Greek sailor

29919: 29902: 29881: 29770: 29664: 29219: 29194: 28669: 28363: 21768: 20880: 19663: 18117:. The National Archives of Scotland. 28 November 2007. Archived from 17177: 14270: 12912:"Scotland marks the Coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla" 10617:"Temperature reached 35.1C in Scotland as hottest ever day confirmed" 10269:"SNP reveals new plan to secure indyref2 without Westminster backing" 8119:: The Material Evidence; page 71 (Universitätsdrucke Göttingen, 2015) 7332: 7243: 7205:

originating in 15th-century Scotland, the country is promoted as the

6677:

are all produced in Scotland. Important regional dailies include the

6418: 6338: 6290: 6267: 5962: 5937: 5809: 5734: 5659: 5625: 5515: 5491: 5482:

squadrons, and a full–time, permanently based RAF Regiment squadron.

5445: 5425: 5369: 5188: 5180: 4077:, where it continues to be used by a large proportion of residents. 3735: 3719: 3680: 3656: 3508: 3433: 3425: 3384: 3372: 3336: 3317: 3213: 3154: 3074: 3055: 2915: 2907: 2849: 2704: 2636: 2304: 2190: 1888: 1852: 1840: 1816: 1761: 1746: 1610: 1572: 1394: 1379: 1342: 1322: 1128: 1061: 994: 990: 986: 435: 172: 21080: 20786: 19185: 18639:

Moore, Kevin (2019). "FIFA does not make the rules, and never has".

18362:"Scottish fact of the week: Scotland's official animal, the Unicorn" 15822:"Scots Cities Slide down Chart of the World's Top Financial Centres" 14640:"Scottish independence: Referendum to be held on 18 September, 2014" 13783:"Arts festival celebrates Scotland's ties to Canada and Scandinavia" 13261: 12966: 12863:(Report). National Records of Scotland. 13 October 2015. p. 5. 9531:

R. Quinault, "Scots on Top? Tartan Power at Westminster 1707–2007",

7567:"The Treaty of Berwick was signed – On this day in Scottish history" 6255:

demonstrated the first working television system on 26 January 1926.

6108:. It did the same with the Caledonian Sleeper service in June 2023. 6095:

million passenger journeys on Scottish railways. On 1 January 2006,

5799: 5550:, based on old Norse law. Various other systems derived from common 3022:

A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of

2083:. James invaded England in support of France under the terms of the 1115:

The mainland of Scotland is broadly divided into three regions: the

29972: 29892: 29830: 29815: 29735: 29730: 29725: 29621: 29506: 29470: 29454: 28694: 28065: 28028: 27870: 27562: 22425: 21889: 21342: 21261: 21249: 21095: 21055: 20875: 20867: 20862: 20844: 20767: 20504: 20499: 20484: 19973: 19744: 18668: 17967: 16673: 15357:

Scapa Flow: The Defences of Britain's Great Fleet Anchorage 1914–45

11258:"Scotland's population reaches record of high of 5.25 million" 10150:"UK | Scotland | Guide to opening of Scottish Parliament" 8532: 7526: 7018: 6848:, martyred while bound to an X-shaped cross, first appeared in the 6774: 6735:, among others. The main Scottish commercial television station is 6720: 6567: 6456: 6403: 6365: 6161: 6077: 6069: 5990: 5817: 5562:

responsible for the administration of justice: civil, criminal and

5547: 5539: 5413: 5192: 5168: 4818: 4584:

are the country's primary legislative bodies. The UK Parliament is

4248: 3973: 3905: 3758: 3753: 3699: 3344: 3309: 3281: 3166: 3113: 3035: 3008: 2985: 2962: 2911: 2903: 2884: 2695:

was passed by the British Parliament, which established a devolved

2534: 2427: 2339: 1927: 1880: 1836: 1828: 1820: 1812: 1704: 1537: 1454:), Roman control had lapsed to Britain south of a line between the 1366: 1229:

was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the

1101: 1017: 966: 903: 815: 21110: 17308:"More than 3,000 jobs created as space sector grows across the UK" 15104:

Redcoats and courtesans: the birth of the British Army (1660–1690)

14836:"Indyref2: Scottish Secretary rejects new vote 'for a generation'" 13836:"Why Finns believe Scotland could become Nordic nation number six" 10899:

Ross, John (29 December 2006). "Mass slaughter of the red kites".

7099: 6425:-blown varieties of bagpipe are played in Scotland, including the 2651:. Before his departure from Germany, Hess had given his adjutant, 2274: 1575:. According to Cassius Dio, the inhabitants of Caledonia were the 30036: 30025: 29780: 29775: 29760: 29755: 29528: 29518: 29481: 29187: 29145: 28504: 28045: 27906: 27855: 22435: 22410: 22289: 22264: 21899: 21864: 21837: 21764: 21746: 21337: 21273: 20902: 20532: 20509: 19119: 18321:

Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 September 2007.

14935:

Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 26 September 2007.

14717:

Scottish Independence Referendum: statement by the Prime Minister

13465: 13113:"Alister Jack: What do we know about the new Scottish Secretary?" 12569:. Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Archived from 10913:

Ross, David (26 November 2009) "Wild Boar: our new eco warriors"

9154:

The Scottish Clearances: A History of the Dispossessed, 1600–1900

7697:"GDP Quarterly National Accounts: 2023 Quarter 2 (April to June)" 7371: 7296: 7284:. Scotland competes with the England rugby team annually for the 7047: 6985: 6886: 6873: 6422: 5918: 5903: 5778:. Petroleum-related industries associated with the extraction of 5184: 3669: 3664: 3646: 3190: 3186: 2997: 2984:. This part of Scotland largely comprises ancient rocks from the 2875:, which having been lost to England in the 14th century is now a 2853: 2632: 2308: 1738: 1606: 1592: 1580: 1556: 1463: 1402: 1036:. On 1 May 1707, Scotland and England combined to create the new 998: 978: 399: 213: 27865: 27788: 17363:"Rocket men: locals divided over plans for UK's first spaceport" 16306:"National statistics UK House Price Index Scotland: August 2022" 12567:"Welcome to the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland" 12387: 7178:

for Scottish association football, and a founding member of the

4432:, Scotland's public health care system. This was founded by the 2392: 1647:

to southeastern Scotland and the rest of eastern Great Britain.

1220: 30031: 29825: 29820: 29785: 29765: 29640: 29523: 29494: 29475: 29032: 28414: 28060: 27945: 27845: 27542: 22420: 22207: 21989:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

21909: 21884: 21848: 21842: 21755: 21678: 21604: 21523: 21025: 20514: 20459: 20070: 19165: 18506:"Traditional Scottish Food – Brief History of Food in Scotland" 16697:"Caledonian Sleeper to be delivered by the Scottish Government" 14199: 10057:, Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 April 2008. 7596: 7594: 7592: 7489: 7304: 7300: 7022: 7014: 6902: 6872:. Use of a simplified symbol associated with Saint Andrew, the 6693:

serving Aberdeen and the north. Scotland is represented at the

6576: 6541:

is considered the national poet, best known for works such as "

6275: 6065: 5845: 5543: 5172: 4895: 4822: 4247:, which celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007, is the oldest 4117: 4073:

is spoken in that region, while Gaelic is mostly spoken in the

3787: 3709: 3441: 3348: 3329: 3178: 3109: 3105: 3039: 2880: 2848:

in the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the west coast and the

2226:

rejected proposals for a political union with England in 1689.

2158:

was designed at James's behest, to be flown in addition to the

1884: 1644: 1444: 1346: 1318: 1211: 142: 18574:"First ever international football match recreated in Glasgow" 17361:

Carrell, Severin; Morris, Steven; Sample, Ian (16 July 2018).

16075:"New Doubt Cast over Alex Salmond's Claims of Scottish Wealth" 13447:"Minister for Europe, Migration and International Development" 12492: 12180:"Survey indicates 1.5 million Scots identify with Church" 8591:

Brown, Dauvit (2001). "Kenneth mac Alpin". In M. Lynch (ed.).

7147:. Scotland has its own national governing bodies, such as the 6996:

and the Public Register of All Armorial Bearings in Scotland.

6080:

has its headquarters at Glasgow Airport and markets itself as

5932:

The top local authority for pay based on where people work is

2871:

between Scotland and Norway. Important exceptions include the

2209:, imposed the British Isles' first written constitution – the 1831:

in 1164. In 1266, Scotland fought the short but consequential

1257:

to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the

1143:, are noted for their mountainous terrain, while the likes of 30014: 30004: 29987: 29932: 29887: 29810: 29750: 29745: 29053: 27921: 27850: 27522: 21309: 21115: 21060: 20953: 20547: 20489: 20479: 20437: 20387: 17968:"Celtic connections:Scotland's premier winter music festival" 16955:"Scotland unveils world's largest tidal stream power project" 16722: 15929:"International trade in UK nations, regions and cities: 2021" 14372:"Brexit, food law and the UK's search for a post-EU identity" 13421:"Cabinet Secretary for Culture, Tourism and External Affairs" 9544: 9230:"Why did the Scottish parliament accept the Treaty of Union?" 8335:, in Edwards, Kevin J. & Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003). 8188: 7485: 7422: 7041: 6372: 6176: 6045: 5690:

Since 2013, Scotland has had a unified police force known as

5464: 4217: 3269: 3217: 3142: 3081:

are found. This area has also experienced intense volcanism,

2856:; Norway is 190 miles (305 km) to the northeast and the 1942:

in March 1286 broke the succession line of Scotland's kings.

1629: 1625: 1549: 1177: 1171: 1144: 920: 29249:

First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland

19111: 17745:"Cultural Profile: 19th and early 20th century developments" 17006:"The future of energy in Scotland: Scottish energy strategy" 12942:"Opening of Parliament: Procession of the Crown of Scotland" 11175:

The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil

9693:"Cultural Profile: 19th and early 20th century developments" 9650:

Scottish Firsts: a Celebration of Innovation and Achievement

7589: 7044:

from abroad, as these were historically rare and expensive.

6439:

has gained an international following, with artists such as

3428:. The size of councils is in proportion to their population. 1760:

In the ninth century, the Norse threat allowed a Gael named

1123:, a flatter plain across the centre of the country; and the 29992: 29966: 29960: 29228:

President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey

27840: 27497: 21568: 21105: 21085: 21020: 20853: 18804:"Scotland 30-21 England: Six Nations 2024 – as it happened" 18617: 18547: 17390:"Spotify Wrapped 2023 top song predictions ahead of releas" 15415:. The University of Edinburgh School of Law. Archived from 14004:"Scottish devolution referendum: The birth of a parliament" 12523:"Curriculum for Excellence – Aims, Purposes and Principles" 11676:"A Century on the Census—Gaelic in Twentieth Century Focus" 11615: 9571:

British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906

9499: 8836:(reprint 2005 ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 30. 7202: 7187: 7108: 6769:(Stornoway). Festivals celebrating Celtic culture, such as 6646:, who, in May 2009, was the first Scot named the monarch's 6042: 5628:, typically with no possibility of retrial per the rule of 4605:(out of a total of 650). They are elected to single-member 4334: 4213: 4188: 3944: 3928: 3685: 3005: 2958:

The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the

2095:

in 1513. The war with England during the minority years of

1730: 1541: 1244: 1148: 1132: 945: 19020:(2nd ed. 2001), 1101pp; 4000 articles; emphasis on history 18031: 16554: 16536:"Loganair to link Scotland's capital with the Isle of Man" 15582:"Scotland's unique 15-strong juries will not be abolished" 14095:"Holyrood gives approval to devolved powers Scotland Bill" 11193: 10808:

Preston, C. D., Pearman, D. A., & Dines, T. D. (2002)

9597:

Clyde Built: a History of Ship-Building on the River Clyde

8275:. London: HarperPerennial. pp. 98–104 & 246–250. 4875:

Parliamentary Partnership Assembly with the European Union

3161:, and tends to be very changeable. As it is warmed by the 2034:. Multiple truces reduced warfare on the southern border. 1707:, a patchwork of small lordships in central Scotland; the 18480:"The Auld Alliance and its Influence on Scottish Cuisine" 16329: 16327: 15998:. Scotch Whisky Association. 2 April 2013. Archived from 12461:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd edn., 2003), 10500:. Intheknowtraveler.com. 28 December 2006. Archived from 10492: 10490: 9509:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), pp. 64–65. 7509: 7493: 6868:

who assumed control of the kingdom during the subsequent

6705: 6642:. Scottish poets who emerged in the same period included 6020:, to cover the total value of such notes in circulation. 5910: 5598:

and the Supreme Court of Appeal currently located at the

5429: 5251:

with England. Following the Treaty of Union in 1707, the

4444:. In 2014, the NHS in Scotland had around 140,000 staff. 4273:

is the oldest in Scotland and one of the oldest worldwide

3837: 3304:. Various animals have been re-introduced, including the 2867:

between Scotland and the Kingdom of England and the 1266

1737:

was one of the earliest and best-known missionaries. The

1225:

was used for Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest,

19125: 18417:"Edinburgh's Pantry: Tatties, neeps, oranges and lemons" 17764: 17762: 15920: 13510:"Scotland's International Network Annual Report 2022-23" 12852: 12850: 11542:"2022 Census population data for localities in Scotland" 10790:"State of the Park Report. Chapter 2: Natural Resources" 9573:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984), p. 144. 6232:, the discoverer of the world's first broadly effective 5774:

underpinned by shipbuilding in Glasgow, coal mining and

5091:

was held on 23 June 2016 on Britain's membership of the

5089:

2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

4687:

also have representation in the current Parliament. The

1119:, a mountainous region in the north and north-west; the 29390:

List of countries where English is an official language

17599:

I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds,

17473:

I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds,

17258:"The Scottish Space Cluster Executive Summary May 2020" 16601: 15254:. London. Pluto Press in association with Scottish CND. 15143:

History of the British Standing Army. A.D. 1660 to 1700

14412: 14065:"Scotland's tax powers: What it has and what's coming?" 13748: 13371:. Scottish Parliament. 14 February 2017. Archived from 13143:"Ian Murray: From lone Labour MP to Scottish secretary" 12771:

www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2008.

6553:

speech in the 6th century, but is preserved as part of

4881:', a treaty signed between the Kingdom of Scotland and 4424:, Glasgow. It is the largest hospital campus in Europe. 4105:

to Scotland, and the 2011 census indicated that 61,000

2014:. The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the 1494:

was built from 142 at the order of Hadrian's successor

1420:

invaded Scotland; he defeated a Caledonian army at the

977:, which is 96 miles (154 km) long and shared with 19:

This article is about the country. For other uses, see

16643:"Corporate: Freedom of Information Publication Scheme" 16459:"Scotland's Airports & Flights Around The Country" 16324: 14190: 13809:

How DNA reveals Vikings never left Scotland – BBC REEL

12887: 12885: 10487: 9560:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 183. 8187:

The earliest known evidence is a flint arrowhead from

7876: 7786: 7784: 7782: 3335:

The flora of the country is varied incorporating both

2627:

During the Second World War, Scotland was targeted by

2246:

attempted a project to secure a trading colony on the

21301: 18115:"Feature: Saint Andrew seals Scotland's independence" 18091:"Feature: Saint Andrew seals Scotland's independence" 17960: 17759: 12847: 12651:. Newsnet Scotland. 11 September 2012. Archived from 12247: 11331: 10544:

The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland

9881: 9024:"Religion, Marriage and Power in Scotland, 1503–1603" 8193:

Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History

4989:

Two more pieces of legislation, the Scotland Acts of

2327:

that the third kingdom be incorporated in the union.

2299:

were passed by both parliaments to create the united

2063:, succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. 1971:

was crowned king of Scotland in 1306. Victory at the

1605:. The name Caledonia is echoed in the place names of 1242: 49: 21687: 19122:– official site of Scotland's national tourist board 17998:"Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient" 15956: 15954: 14867:"Scottish independence: What is a section 30 order?" 14430:

UK and the Internal Market, Devolution and the Union

13926: 11378:. Scotland Census 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2014. 9869: 9626:

Capital of the Mind: how Edinburgh Changed the World

9124:"Confidence and Perplexity: The Seventeenth Century" 8919:"Renaissance and Reformation: The Sixteenth Century" 7385: 6023: 5590:, in Edinburgh, which was the home of the pre-Union 3050:. There are numerous bodies of freshwater including 1072:, which have all contributed to the continuation of 993:

to the south. The population in 2022 was 5,439,842.

22578: 18592:"Scottish Cup History | Scottish Cup | Scottish FA" 18231:Bain, Robert (1959). Margaret O. MacDougall (ed.). 17623:, "Poetry under King James VI", in C. Cairns, ed., 17360: 15504:www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 September 207. 14540: 13369:"Devolved and Reserved Matters – Visit & Learn" 12882: 12858:

Life Expectancy for Areas within Scotland 2012–2014

11944:"Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America" 10570:. Edinburgh. Scottish Mountaineering Trust. Page 9. 7779: 7727:"Poverty and Income Inequality in Scotland 2020-23" 5624:". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" result in an 5259:merged with their English counterparts to form the 5243:As one of the countries of the United Kingdom, the 4307:Education in Scotland is the responsibility of the 2918:, flows for a distance of 117 miles (188 km). 2552: 2414:

helped define Scottish identity in the 19th century

29315: 18783:The Open Championship – More Scottish than British 17572: 14761:. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 23 March 2016. 13927: 13504: 13502: 13500: 12208:Andrew Collier, "Scotland's Confident Catholics", 9824: 9822: 9801:"Primary History – World War 2 – Scotland's Blitz" 9356:. London: The House of Lords. 2007. Archived from 9122: 8917: 8879: 8632: 8234: 8130: 7798:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023. 6485:one of the best-selling albums of the 21st century 3499:List of towns and cities in Scotland by population 3383:is low by world standards, Scotland's substantial 2807:that would allow a referendum to be held in 2023. 2779:September 2014 referendum on Scottish independence 2541:world of continental Europe and helped define the 1819:, although he could not extend his power over the 1305:. It is believed the first post-glacial groups of 17593: 17517:Old and Middle English c.890-c.1400: an Anthology 16607:"Regional Rail Usage 2018–19 Statistical Release" 15951: 14739:Scottish referendum: Who is Lord Smith of Kelvin? 14370:Lydgate, Emily; Anthony, Chloe (September 2022). 13169:"Parliamentary and local election terms extended" 12078:(Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), 11190:(Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10. 10445:. Tiscali.co.uk. 16 November 1990. Archived from 8502:"Frontiers of the Roman Empire,The Antonine Wall" 7307:, Scotland has had 13 world champions, including 6337:– hold world records for being the only rotating 6274:is an emerging source of energy in Scotland. The 6190: 4720:Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom 3566:being the largest in terms of geographical area. 3468:was conducted by the Scottish Government and the 2879:outside of the United Kingdom; the island groups 2615:stronghold, the industrial districts switched to 1714:, which had conquered southeastern Scotland; and 1696:Norse kingdoms at the end of the eleventh century 30156:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom 30117: 29385:List of countries by English-speaking population 27411: 18104:, 28 November 2007, retrieved 12 September 2009. 18068:. National Celtic Festival. 2009. Archived from 14609:"Scottish independence plan 'an election issue'" 13758:. First Minister of Scotland. 29 November 2016. 13732:. Scotland Malawi Partnership. 3 November 2005. 13196: 13194: 11049:"Why Scotland has so many mosses and liverworts" 10307:, Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 May 2016. 9584:Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity 9432:Some Dates in Scottish History from 1745 to 1914 8421:(4th online ed.), Oxford University Press, 6971:St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 6876:, has its origins in the late 14th century; the 6119:, a well-known structure in Scottish rail and a 5416:intensified in 1961, the United States deployed 5080:was formed, which led to the Scotland Act 2016. 3535:were designated between 1947 and 1966. They are 2810: 2707:on 4 July 1999. The first to hold the office of 2545:style. Proponents included architect and artist 2213:– on Scotland in 1652 as part of the republican 1899: 1382:village, occupied from roughly 3180 BC – 2500 BC 18729:declared St. Andrews 'the Alma Mater of golf'". 18641:What you think you know about football is wrong 18107: 17603:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), 17582:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), 17580:Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 17477:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), 16383:"One in 10 Scots living in 'very deep poverty'" 15471:"A General History of Scots Law (20th century)" 14406: 14123: 13497: 12733:"Scotshield wins hospital fire system contract" 12595:. Scottish Agricultural College. Archived from 12418:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 12150:"Church of Scotland 'struggling to stay alive'" 11315:. National Records of Scotland. 30 April 2015. 11305: 11252: 11250: 10823:Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland 9819: 9476: 9026:. The National Archives of the United Kingdom. 8361: 8128: 8009:"Scotland's History - The Kingdom of the Gaels" 7610:. Office for National Statistics. 31 May 2024. 5474:base in the United Kingdom and is home to four 4814:have portfolios which include foreign affairs. 4124:migration now living in the US. In Canada, the 3367:plants and animals. The UK's tallest tree is a 3124:(430 m or 1,411 ft above sea level). 2887:, which were acquired from Norway in 1472; and 2611:" led by militant trades unionists. Formerly a 1349:, which were built in the third millennium BC. 29160:Indigenous, minority and lesser-used languages 18530:Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora 17895:"Newspapers and National Identity in Scotland" 17889: 17887: 15902:"Scotland's national investment bank launches" 14369: 12493:"Education Scotland | Education Scotland" 12024:Linguistic Archaeology: The Scottish Input to 11706:Can TV's evolution ignite a Gaelic revolution? 11651:. National Records of Scotland. Archived from 9410:(2013 ed.). Manchester University Press. 9381:The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 8881:"Survival and Revival: Late Medieval Scotland" 7691: 7689: 6622:by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004. 5700:Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Home Affairs 4925: 4428:Health care in Scotland is mainly provided by 4281:has always had a characteristic emphasis on a 3112:. The geological foundations largely comprise 2215:Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1684:Political divisions in early medieval Scotland 29290: 28965: 28853:Any other Mixed or multiple ethnic background 28751: 28520: 27804: 27397: 22564: 21265: 20372: 20348: 19201: 17675: 17071: 16635: 15066:"Government Expenditure & Review 2018-19" 13191: 12451: 12142: 11810: 11808: 11673: 11079:"Bryology (mosses, liverworts and hornworts)" 10757:Natural History in the Highlands and Islands. 9989:"Modern myth of a poll tax test-bed lives on" 9830:"Scotland's Landscape : Clydebank Blitz" 9661: 9317: 8877: 8690: 7719: 6781:(Ireland), and the National Celtic Festival ( 6501:BBC Radio Scotland Young Traditional Musician 3260:On the high mountain tops, species including 3149:is one of the sunniest locations in Scotland. 2715:, who served until his sudden death in 2000. 2393:Industrial age and the Scottish Enlightenment 1591:) which the 2nd century AD Roman philosopher 29578:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 29435:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 21253: 17085:. The Nobel Foundation. 1945. Archived from 15101:Williams, Noel T. St John (1 January 1994). 14579:"Salmond to push ahead with referendum Bill" 14570: 14432:. Centre on Constitutional Change (Report). 14124:Masterman, Roger; Murray, Colin (2022). "The 12892:Hospital Admissions: a data cube spreadsheet 12762:Highlands and Islands Medical Service (HIMS) 11534: 11247: 11032:"Britain's record-breaking trees identified" 10206:"Scottish independence referendum – Results" 9715:The Art Nouveau Style: a Comprehensive Guide 9621: 9525: 8659: 8634:"The Emergence of a Nation-State, 1100–1300" 8533:"Ancient Kindred? Dál Riata and the Cruthin" 7257:in Edinburgh is the national stadium of the 7228:Scottish golfers winning the earliest majors 6931:for the National Anthem of Scotland include 6583:, whom many consider the national poet, and 5331:, the Scottish regiments of the line in the 4831:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 3523:host 80% of the total population, where the 3104:(the Southern Uplands fault) that runs from 2954:, Scotland's highest village above sea level 2921: 2311:, and elsewhere. The union also created the 2189:After the execution of the Scottish king at 1628:and the Caledonians, who were then known as 1108:attempts have led to a growing community of 28267:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 21313: 21277: 19062:The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History 18054: 17990: 17884: 17710: 17627:(Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1, 17326:"Boldly going towards the new age of space" 17150: 16801:"Ferries from Northern Ireland to Scotland" 16050:. Scotch Whisky Association. Archived from 15552:"The case for keeping 'not proven' verdict" 14976:"Scotland – Office for National Statistics" 14926:"Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994" 14128:United Kingdom's Devolution Arrangements". 13780: 13473:"The Review of Intergovernmental Relations" 12478:"Schools and schooling" in M. Lynch (ed.), 11313:"Scotland's Population at its Highest Ever" 10696: 10694: 10369:Newtonmore.com. Retrieved 7 September 2012. 10068:"Devolution > Scottish responsibilities" 9676: 9589: 9491:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 9399: 9354:"Act of Union 1707 Mob unrest and disorder" 8807:. National Archives of the United Kingdom. 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8225: 8223: 8221: 7686: 6860:in 1286 an image of Andrew was used on the 5885:Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland 5523: 4898:, and in 2021, the Scottish Government and 4434:National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947 3212:and the colder surface temperatures of the 1517:was undertaken by emperors of the imperial 1209: 1199: 1193: 1169: 139:Location of Scotland (dark green) 35: 30141:English-speaking countries and territories 29304: 29297: 29283: 29086:Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey 28972: 28958: 28758: 28744: 28527: 28513: 27977:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 27811: 27797: 27404: 27390: 22571: 22557: 21289: 20386: 20379: 20365: 19208: 19194: 18032:"Welcome to the Pan Celtic 2010 Home Page" 16669:"ScotRail goes back into public ownership" 16426: 16357:"Scottish Child Payment - Social security" 16335:"Persistent Poverty in Scotland 2010–2020" 15848:. Long Finance. March 2016. Archived from 14734: 14732: 14307: 13666: 13569:. British-Irish Council. 7 December 2011. 13262:"People: Who runs the Scottish Government" 12649:"Scotland tops global university rankings" 11988: 11972:. Nitakeacloserlook.gov.uk. Archived from 11805: 11730:"Scotland's Census at a glance: Languages" 9955:"National Planning Framework for Scotland" 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 7792:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" 6329:in 1945. Modern Scottish inventions – the 5852:to jet engines, buses, computer software, 5679:of Scotland. The current Lord Advocate is 5673:Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service 5329:Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 4709: 4671:(SNP), which won 64 of the 129 seats. The 4537:Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, a 4458: 3558:The largest council area by population is 2689:referendum on devolution proposals in 1997 2287:was agreed between representatives of the 2010:, to come to the throne and establish the 132: 28979: 19137:web resources provided by GovPubs at the 19025:Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia 18233:Clans & Tartans of Scotland (revised) 18024: 18002:Festival Interceltique de Lorient website 17774:Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile 17749:Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile 17644: 17496:Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia 17186: 17176: 15711:. Scottish Prison Service. Archived from 15609: 15607: 15476:. Law Society of Scotland. Archived from 14490: 14466: 14393: 14350: 14340: 13264:. Scottish Government. 21 November 2014. 12287:"Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census" 12099:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 11287:"Scotland's Census 2022 - key milestones" 11281: 11279: 10920: 10398: 10340: 9915:"Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood" 9697:Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile 9615: 8978:"Battle of Flodden, (Sept. 9, 1513)" 8670:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7839: 7837: 7626: 6375:expected to be launched from Sutherland. 6041:, the only airport in the world to use a 5315:, the Scottish infantry regiments in the 3058:. Some parts of the coastline consist of 2389:and, ultimately, the demise of clanship. 2362:. Two major Jacobite risings launched in 965:, principally in the archipelagos of the 768: 19155:) is being considered for deletion. See 19139:University of Colorado Boulder Libraries 19076:Scotland; From Prehistory to the Present 18853: 18541: 18477: 18181:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 17912: 17810: 17344:"Manufacturing: Space sector - gov.scot" 17252: 17250: 16511:"Datasets – UK Civil Aviation Authority" 15996:"Scotch Whisky Exports Hit Record Level" 15466:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 15100: 14830: 14262: 14184: 13674:"Scotland's History – The Auld Alliance" 13595:. British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly. 12480:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 12279: 11816:"Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011" 10847: 10810:New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora 10691: 9983: 9795: 9793: 9664:Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance 8911: 8909: 8878:Brown, Michael; Boardman, Steve (2005). 8873: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8630: 8613: 8593:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History 8298: 8296: 8294: 8292: 7180:International Football Association Board 7098: 7083: 7009: 6532: 6397: 6110: 6033: 5961: 5888: 5729: 5638: 5518:, combining features of both uncodified 5495: 5352: 5224: 5113: 4974:were subsequently established under the 4939: 4836: 4631: 4412: 4311:and is overseen by its executive agency 4264: 4141: 4034: 3419: 3276:forest exist and within these areas the 3237: 3137: 2942: 2931: 2860:, 168 miles (270 km) to the north. 2820: 2722: 2585:) in Glasgow, 18 March 1941, during the 2576: 2556: 2402: 2334:. The clippers belonging to the Glasgow 2273: 2051: 2026:in 1349 and increasing division between 2002:lack of an heir allowed his half-nephew 1917: 1778: 1632:by the Romans. This was defeated by the 1385: 1370: 671: 18801: 18179:"National identity" in M. Lynch (ed.), 17770:"The Scottish 'Renaissance' and beyond" 17282:"Space technology industry in Scotland" 16904:"Quarterly energy statistics bulletins" 16898: 16896: 16827:"Ferry freight service axed after fire" 16729:. Strathclyde Partnership for Transport 16645:. Transport in Scotland. Archived from 16491:. Highlands and Islands Airport Limited 16255: 16253: 16251: 16249: 16247: 16245: 16214: 16212: 16109:. SPICe. 28 August 2002. Archived from 15962:"UK Regional Trade in Goods Statistics" 15846:"The Global Financial Centres Index 19" 15621:. Scottish Government. 16 August 2021. 14729: 14576: 14313: 14117: 13978:The Campaigns for a Scottish Parliament 13833: 13781:Fitzpatrick, Tara (29 September 2022). 12989: 12706:. Universities Scotland. Archived from 12593:"Understanding Scottish Qualifications" 12395:A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry 10851:Future nature:a vision for conservation 10639: 10178: 9912: 9558:The Making of English National Identity 9117: 9111: 8829: 8665: 8412: 8302: 8229: 8198: 8195:. London. Thames & Hudson. Page 42. 7910: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7319:. Scotland has also been successful in 6984:The national animal of Scotland is the 6506: 5897:is one of the oldest banks in the world 5309:Delivering Security in a Changing World 5003:United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020 4629:has held the position since July 2024. 2992:, which were uplifted during the later 2338:were the fastest ships on the route to 1601:, described as being south-west of the 653:77,901 km (30,078 sq mi) 643:80,231 km (30,977 sq mi) 30118: 29364:English in the Commonwealth of Nations 21230: 18965: 18740:"1574 St Andrews – The Student Golfer" 18441: 18224: 17433: 17417:"Top 25 Most Popular Scottish Singers" 16775:"Scotland's west coast ferry seascape" 16689: 16028:from the original on 20 September 2014 15798:. Scottish Development International. 15604: 15532:from the original on 20 September 2023 15139: 14956:from the original on 22 September 2023 14770: 14768: 14515: 14460: 14062: 14044:from the original on 20 September 2023 13232:"Scottish Elections (Reform) Act 2020" 13105: 12835:. General Register Office for Scotland 12629:from the original on 18 September 2019 12319:from the original on 19 September 2014 12289:. General Register Office for Scotland 12040: 12038: 12036: 12034: 11276: 11212: 10614: 10216:from the original on 18 September 2014 10019:"The poll tax in Scotland 20 years on" 9887: 9858:(Kelly Bray: House of Stratus, 2001), 9739:R. A. Houston and W. W. J. Knox, eds. 9481:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 94–95. 9405: 9378: 9323: 9305:from the original on 23 September 2022 9151: 8721: 8339:Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press. 8122: 8106:in its Historical and Cultural Context 8104:Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum 8102:The Old English Translation of Bede's 7920:Areal Features of the Anglophone World 7834: 7656: 7272:in 1871. Scotland has competed in the 6378: 4871:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 4097:spurred an increase in migration from 4042:boundary sign, displaying English and 3527:accounts for 3.5 million people. 3320:. Today, much of the remaining native 2914:, while Scotland's longest river, the 2099:between 1543 and 1551 is known as the 2037: 1650: 1462:. Along this line, Trajan's successor 973:. To the south-east, Scotland has its 29330: 29278: 28953: 28739: 28508: 27792: 27385: 22552: 22462: 22354: 22133: 21935: 21367: 21147: 20798: 20435: 20360: 20347: 19215: 19189: 18943: 18792:PGA Tour. Retrieved 23 September 2011 18638: 18535: 18332:"Tartan Day in Canada | Scotland.org" 17414: 17247: 16485:"Destinations from Inverness Airport" 16259: 15976:from the original on 24 December 2023 15939:from the original on 24 December 2023 15908:from the original on 24 November 2020 15277:from the original on 15 December 2013 14907:from the original on 7 September 2020 14877:from the original on 18 November 2020 14846:from the original on 16 November 2020 14637: 14518:"Party people confront new realities" 14256: 14131:Constitutional and Administrative Law 13680:from the original on 22 December 2022 13599:from the original on 14 February 2019 13522:from the original on 11 December 2023 13313:"First Minister swearing in ceremony" 13268:from the original on 25 February 2015 13123:from the original on 18 December 2019 12944:. Scottish Parliament. 29 June 2016. 12525:. Scottish Government. 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The SFA has responsibility for the 6746: 6739:which broadcasts on two of the three 6327:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 6283:Scotland's inventions and discoveries 6144:Strathclyde Partnership for Transport 5864: 4438:Highlands and Islands Medical Service 4199:in theology. Since 1689 it has had a 4089:of the population, or 54,000 people. 3011:. In north-eastern mainland Scotland 2898:lies a few miles from the village of 29213:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 27982:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 27528:Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles) 19536:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland 18230: 18084: 17288:. Scottish Development International 17107: 16893: 16337:. Scottish Government. 31 March 2022 16284:"Annual Housing Statistics, 2020-21" 16242: 16209: 15926: 15894: 15742:from the original on 22 January 2021 15733: 15625:from the original on 15 January 2019 15307:from the original on 12 January 2009 15046:from the original on 17 January 2009 15016:from the original on 17 January 2009 14986:from the original on 22 January 2021 14528:from the original on 23 January 2008 14444:from the original on 18 October 2020 14105:from the original on 25 January 2021 14075:from the original on 3 February 2016 14014:from the original on 29 January 2019 14001: 13963:participating institution membership 13908:from the original on 15 January 2023 13878:from the original on 12 January 2023 13848:from the original on 1 December 2022 13827: 13644:"International relations - gov.scot" 13619:"Parliamentary Partnership Assembly" 13485:from the original on 24 October 2023 13478:. Government of the United Kingdom. 13349:from the original on 6 February 2021 13212:from the original on 11 October 2021 13179:from the original on 21 October 2020 13175:. Scottish Government. 3 June 2020. 13063:from the original on 2 February 2020 12977:from the original on 27 October 2023 12922:from the original on 27 October 2023 11950:from the original on 16 January 2010 11599:, Gov.scot, Retrieved 2 October 2014 11522:from the original on 7 November 2022 11337: 11155:from the original on 11 January 2024 11119:from the original on 11 January 2024 10938:from the original on 4 November 2022 10898: 10404: 10386:from the original on 25 January 2024 10349:(1991) London. J. Whitaker and Sons. 9836:from the original on 20 October 2018 9053:. Geddes & Grosset. p. 56. 9048: 9013:(East Linton: Tuckwell, 2000), p. 6. 8811:from the original on 16 October 2015 8473: 8443:from the original on 14 January 2021 8427:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001 8376:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001 8333:The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes 8169:from the original on 11 January 2024 7814: 7802:from the original on 9 December 2023 7707:from the original on 3 December 2023 7577:from the original on 5 February 2021 6981:is a recent innovation from Canada. 6788: 6719:and the Gaelic-language broadcaster 6060:operates eleven airports across the 5203:is conferred by the monarch through 5024:. The new government established a " 4863:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 2773:achieved an overall majority in the 2592:Scotland played a major role in the 2581:A defused 1,000 kg Luftmine (German 2537:, which found favour throughout the 2323:, which rejected proposals from the 1525:and the death of the senior emperor 989:to the north-east and east, and the 22355: 19049:The Illustrated History of Scotland 19047:Tabraham, Chris, and Colin Baxter. 19038:MacGibbon, David and Ross, Thomas, 18971:Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth 18700:. Scottish Government. 6 March 2007 18273:"Games team picks new Scots anthem" 18162:(Edinburgh: Tuckwell Press, 2004), 17870:"Duffy reacts to new Laureate post" 17828:from the original on 17 August 2018 17454:Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature 16583:. Transport Scotland. 18 March 2020 16312:. HM Land Registry. 19 October 2022 16022:"Scotch Whisky Exports Remain Flat" 15882:from the original on 15 August 2020 15772:from the original on 7 January 2024 15393:from the original on 6 January 2024 15297:"Reprieve for RAF Lossiemouth base" 15265:"Pensioner, 94, in nuclear protest" 15232:from the original on 7 January 2024 15202:from the original on 7 January 2021 15172:from the original on 7 January 2024 15140:Walton, Clifford (1 January 1894). 14968: 14864: 14824: 14765: 14619:from the original on 7 October 2018 14577:MacLeod, Angus (3 September 2009). 14063:Fraser, Douglas (2 February 2016). 13700:"Scottish & French Connections" 13202:"Scottish Parliament election 2021" 12870:from the original on 6 January 2017 12743:from the original on 3 January 2019 12459:Scottish Education: Post-Devolution 12031: 11793:from the original on 16 August 2021 11350:from the original on 13 August 2023 11319:from the original on 13 August 2015 11206: 11201:The New Penguin History of Scotland 11199:R. A. Houston and W. W. Knox, eds, 10928:"Beavers return after 400-year gap" 10380:"Hebrides – Scottish Geology Trust" 9807:from the original on 12 August 2018 9741:The New Penguin History of Scotland 9717:(Courier Dover, 2002), pp. 283–284. 9131:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8952:"James IV, King of Scots 1488–1513" 8930:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8892:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8734:from the original on 3 January 2024 8703:from the original on 3 January 2024 8645:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8572:from the original on 3 January 2024 8512:from the original on 7 January 2024 8305:Scotland: A Very Short Introduction 8247:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 8019:from the original on 7 January 2024 7989:from the original on 6 January 2024 7959:from the original on 6 January 2024 7929:from the original on 6 January 2024 7767:from the original on 15 August 2023 7749: 6723:, and the national radio stations, 6700:Scotland's national broadcaster is 6618:, who would be appointed the first 6545:" and writing in the Scots language 6364:– with launch vehicles such as the 5765:. Edinburgh was ranked 15th in the 5671:on indictment are conducted by the 5576:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 5514:Scots law has a basis derived from 5440:Polaris submarines at the expanded 5103: 5078:Robert Smith, Baron Smith of Kelvin 5058:referendum on Scottish independence 4732:International relations of Scotland 4716:International relations of Scotland 4565:and Officers of the Crown, and the 4422:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital 4239:(0.55%), Sikhism and Buddhism. The 3581:Largest cities or towns in Scotland 3153:The climate of most of Scotland is 2462:, leading to the foundation of the 2044:Scotland in the early modern period 1914:Second War of Scottish Independence 1515:Roman invasion of Caledonia 208–210 1060:. The country has its own distinct 981:; the country is surrounded by the 13: 29314: 28534: 19009:Donnachie, Ian and George Hewitt. 18988: 18247:"Action call over national anthem" 18196:. London. HarperCollins. Page 936. 17715:The Origins of Scottish Nationhood 17625:The History of Scottish Literature 17122:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04643.x 16286:. Scottish Government. 10 May 2022 15592:from the original on 14 March 2017 14782:from the original on 3 August 2018 14650:from the original on 21 March 2013 14554:. 2 September 2009. Archived from 14467:Armstrong, Kenneth A. (May 2022). 14236:from the original on 2 August 2022 13736:from the original on 1 August 2018 13654:from the original on 11 April 2023 13033:from the original on 30 April 2021 12503:from the original on 12 April 2023 12393:P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, 11928:(1). December 1970. Archived from 11571:Gaelic Language Plan, www.gov.scot 11264:from the original on 28 March 2016 10130:from the original on 1 August 2018 10029:from the original on 8 August 2023 9935:from the original on 24 April 2008 9679:The Origins of Scottish Nationhood 9522:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011), p. 39. 9479:The Origins of Scottish Nationhood 9454:. Learning and Teaching Scotland. 9254: 9235:. Scottish Affairs. Archived from 9219: 9170: 8988:from the original on 26 April 2015 8403: 8342: 7474:country's continental shelf region 7066:", especially during the reign of 6973:, designating the day an official 6915:James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose 6905:that often signifies a particular 6467:gaining international success. DJ 5654:is the chief legal officer of the 5340:Scottish, Welsh and Irish Division 5267:, which together form part of the 5085:European Union Referendum Act 2015 5010:2007 Scottish Parliament elections 4691:is due to be held on 7 May 2026. 3223: 3019:has shaped much of the landscape. 2569:back from the trenches during the 2486:, and the engineers and inventors 2257: 2150:, and moved to London. This was a 2079:. James married Henry's daughter, 1990:and their long-term rivals of the 1910:First War of Scottish Independence 1823:, which had been ruled by various 1204:), meaning "darkness, gloom". The 451:Devolved parliamentary legislature 145: (green & dark grey) 14: 30177: 29331: 29235:Chief Minister of the Isle of Man 27818: 21785:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 19962:Scottish Qualifications Authority 19699:Office of the Accountant of Court 19624:Member of the Scottish Parliament 19159:to help reach a consensus. › 19103: 18854:Oreovicz, John (4 October 2010). 18802:Calvert, Lee (24 February 2024). 18444:"Scotland's other national drink" 18194:Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland 18102:The National Archives of Scotland 18006:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 17920:"About Us::Celtic Media Festival" 17452:R. T. Lambdin and L. C. Lambdin, 17396:. Bracknell News. 25 October 2023 16885:. 26 January 2016. Archived from 16853:"Passenger ferry service to stop" 16723:"Celebrating 125 years of Subway" 16191:"Financial and Business Services" 15820:Askeland, Erikka (20 March 2012) 15802:from the original on 10 June 2024 15768:. Union Media. 5 September 2023. 15685:from the original on 5 March 2022 15655:from the original on 14 July 2021 15222:"Army to merge Scottish brigades" 15121:from the original on 10 June 2024 15082:from the original on 6 April 2024 14812:from the original on 24 June 2016 14516:Porter, David (18 January 2008). 14324:Journal of European Public Policy 14002:Kerr, Andrew (8 September 2017). 13834:Heather, Alistair (17 May 2020). 13816:from the original on 21 June 2022 13762:from the original on 26 June 2018 13756:"First Minister in Dublin: Day 2" 13573:from the original on 15 June 2013 13343:www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk 12681:from the original on 2 April 2015 12375:from the original on 2 April 2015 12267:from the original on 4 March 2016 11459:from the original on 2 April 2023 11449:"Did You Know?—Scotland's Cities" 11429:from the original on 10 June 2024 11293:from the original on 4 April 2023 11059:from the original on 14 June 2018 10868:from the original on 10 June 2024 10627:from the original on 20 July 2022 10160:from the original on 28 July 2020 10100:from the original on 12 June 2022 9965:from the original on 2 April 2015 9622:M. Magnusson (10 November 2003), 9507:Scotland in the Twentieth Century 9458:from the original on 30 June 2017 9275:from the original on 28 July 2020 9093:www.historyofparliamentonline.org 9076:, and leaves Edinburgh for London 8850:from the original on 10 June 2024 8754:"» The National Wallace Monument" 8722:Petrie, Calum (7 November 2021). 8543:from the original on 15 July 2023 8464:. Glasgow Archaeological Society. 8082:from the original on 10 June 2024 7864:from the original on 9 April 2016 7858:"Devolution Settlement, Scotland" 7829:Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland 7268:, winning 1–0 against England at 7261:. The Scotland rugby team played 6771:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 6383: 6149:The Scottish motorways and major 6024:Infrastructure and transportation 5806:Oil extraction in Scottish waters 5788:Scottish National Investment Bank 5566:. The supreme civil court is the 5478:combat aircraft squadrons, three 5201:City status in the United Kingdom 5054:2011 Scottish Parliament election 4689:next Scottish Parliament election 4665:2021 Scottish Parliament election 4095:enlargement of the European Union 3464:England to live in Scotland. The 3257:is something of a national icon. 3062:, a low-lying dune pasture land. 3015:of rock that occurred before the 2972:lie to the north and west of the 2460:Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888 1835:which saw the reclamation of the 1661:Scotland in the Early Middle Ages 1641:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain 1301:that may have existed before the 16:Country within the United Kingdom 29558:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 29072:Government of the United Kingdom 27967:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 22535: 21148: 20785: 19170: 19018:Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland 18999:(New edition). London: Penguin. 18903: 18873: 18847: 18829:"10 Scottish motor racing great" 18821: 18795: 18776: 18767: 18754: 18732: 18715: 18690: 18671:official website. Archived from 18657: 18632: 18602: 18584: 18566: 18523: 18498: 18471: 18435: 18409: 18384: 18354: 18324: 18305: 18279: 18265: 18239: 18199: 18186: 18173: 18142: 18133: 18066:National Celtic Festival website 18036:Pan Celtic Festival 2010 website 17942: 17862: 17840: 17784: 17737: 17704: 17669: 17638: 17614: 17551: 17530: 17509: 17488: 17467: 17446: 17427: 17408: 17382: 17354: 17336: 17318: 17300: 17274: 17225: 17203: 17144: 17110:The Medical Journal of Australia 17101: 17049: 17031:"Record renewable energy output" 17023: 16998: 16973: 16947: 16929:"Whitelee wind farm in Scotland" 16921: 16871: 16845: 16819: 16793: 16767: 16741: 16715: 16661: 16595: 16569: 16528: 16503: 16477: 16451: 16401: 16375: 16349: 16298: 16276: 16230:from the original on 9 July 2023 16183: 16158: 16128: 16092: 16066: 16040: 16014: 15988: 15864: 15838: 15814: 15792:"Financial services and fintech" 15784: 15754: 15727: 15697: 15667: 15637: 15574: 15562:from the original on 25 May 2010 15544: 15514: 15495: 15458: 15442:. House of Lords. Archived from 15431: 15405: 15375: 15362: 15349: 15319: 15289: 15257: 15244: 15214: 15184: 15154: 15133: 15107:. Brassey's (UK). pp. 1–2. 15094: 15058: 15028: 14998: 14938: 14919: 14889: 14865:Sim, Philip (19 December 2019). 14858: 14794: 14751: 14710: 14698:from the original on 9 June 2018 14680: 14662: 14631: 14601: 14509: 14503: 14363: 14087: 14056: 14026: 13995: 13969: 13920: 13890: 13868:"Nordic Baltic Policy Statement" 13860: 13800: 13774: 13722: 13692: 13636: 13611: 13585: 13559: 13534: 13453:from the original on 23 May 2018 13439: 13413: 13401:from the original on 6 June 2017 13387: 13361: 13331: 13305: 13280: 13254: 13224: 13161: 13135: 13075: 13045: 13015: 12960: 12948:from the original on 2 July 2016 12934: 12904: 12822: 12800: 12774: 12755: 12725: 12693: 12667: 12641: 12611: 12585: 12559: 12533: 12515: 12485: 12472: 12437:"School education prior to 1873" 12429: 12408: 12361: 12331: 12301: 12260:. National Records of Scotland. 12217: 12202: 12172: 12110: 12089: 12068: 12056:from the original on 21 May 2024 12018: 11962: 11936: 11908: 11856: 11840: 11775: 11747: 11722: 11698: 11667: 11641: 11628: 11602: 11583: 11564: 11504: 11484: 11471: 11441: 11411: 11399:from the original on 9 July 2023 11381: 11362: 11180: 11167: 11131: 11115:. National Library of Scotland. 11101: 11089:from the original on 2 June 2018 11041: 11024: 10998: 10968: 10950: 10907: 10892: 10880: 10841: 10828: 10815: 10802: 10783: 10762: 10746: 10720: 10665: 10608: 10573: 10556: 10536: 10516: 10461: 10435: 10372: 10352: 10310: 10291: 10267:Brown, Faye (14 December 2022). 10260: 10228: 10198: 10172: 10142: 9856:Rudolf Hess: The Uninvited Envoy 9030:from the original on 7 July 2022 8693:"The Battle of Largs #OnThisDay" 8691:theorkneynews (1 October 2022). 8562:"What makes Shetland, Shetland?" 8482:from the original on 7 July 2018 8129:Ayto, John; Ian Crofton (2005). 7674:from the original on 5 June 2023 7644:from the original on 28 May 2024 7614:from the original on 7 June 2024 7547:from the original on 21 May 2024 7402: 7388: 6822: 6807: 6653:National newspapers such as the 6493:Scottish Album of the Year Award 6473:most streamed artists on Spotify 6244: 6221: 6185:Rosyth – Zeebrugge ferry service 6164:are principally operated by the 5925:for pay by where people live is 5816: 5798: 5485: 5275:, Europe's only remaining legal 5157:Scottish Fire and Rescue Service 4978:; the Act followed a successful 4765: 4739: 4640:in Edinburgh is the seat of the 4578:Parliament of the United Kingdom 4515: 4495: 4374:ancient universities of Scotland 4372:– are collectively known as the 4207:Scotland also has a significant 3703: 3693: 3650: 3640: 2727:The official reconvening of the 2553:World wars and Scotland Act 1998 2358:, including Roman Catholics and 2169:Except for a short period under 2119:met and immediately adopted the 1934:, a Scottish independence leader 1839:after the strong defeat of King 1689: 1677: 1669:Scotland in the Late Middle Ages 1665:Scotland in the High Middle Ages 1408:Most of modern Scotland was not 1359:Scotland during the Roman Empire 1352: 793: 792: 767: 670: 496:Parliament of the United Kingdom 118: 84: 70: 29354:History of the English language 19011:Dictionary of Scottish History. 18685:Scotland is the home of golf... 18192:Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) 17850:. Edinburgh Live. 18 March 2022 17540:(London: Pan Macmillan, 2011), 16146:from the original on 3 May 2020 15413:"History of the Faculty of Law" 14638:Black, Andrew (21 March 2013). 14168:from the original on 4 May 2024 13242:from the original on 9 May 2021 13089:. 9 August 2004. Archived from 11946:. Powells.com. 12 August 2009. 11338:Park, Neil (21 December 2022). 11217:Managing Scotland's environment 10889:RSPB. Retrieved 3 January 2014. 10524:The Islands of Western Scotland 10179:Carrell, Severin (6 May 2011). 10112: 10082: 10060: 10041: 10011: 9977: 9947: 9913:Stewart, Heather (6 May 2007). 9906: 9903:(Edward Arnold, 1989) pp 54–63. 9901:No Gods and Precious Few Heroes 9893: 9848: 9777: 9733: 9720: 9707: 9685: 9670: 9655: 9642: 9602: 9576: 9563: 9550: 9512: 9505:T. M. Devine and R. J. Finlay, 9470: 9444: 9424: 9372: 9346: 9287: 9271:. Scottish Historical Society. 9145: 9081: 9042: 9016: 9000: 8970: 8944: 8823: 8797: 8779:"Scotland Conquered, 1174–1296" 8771: 8746: 8715: 8684: 8584: 8554: 8524: 8494: 8467: 8454: 8419:The Oxford Classical Dictionary 8392:from the original on 8 May 2021 8325: 8261: 8181: 8151: 8094: 8055: 8039:Ireland and the Classical World 8031: 8001: 7971: 7941: 7913:"English and Scots in Scotland" 7904: 7850: 7827:Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) 7478: 7358:Scotland has competed at every 7192:Scotland national football team 5767:list of world financial centres 5578:(or before 1 October 2009, the 5372:was a base for the US fleet of 4619:Secretary of State for Scotland 3503:List of urban areas in Scotland 3488: 3390: 3387:flora is of global importance. 3375:, Argyll in the 1870s, and the 2718: 2619:by 1922, with a base among the 2444:Secretary of State for Scotland 2087:and became the last monarch in 1805:Scottish national consciousness 1531: 1500: 1468: 1449: 1275:For a chronological guide, see 1241:, both derived from the Gaelic 1192:, citing the parallel in Greek 578:Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton 405:Scottish • Scots 28803:White Gypsy or Irish Traveller 28410:Northern Ireland Sign Language 18665:"Scotland is the home of golf" 18183:, (Oxford, 2001), pp. 437–444. 17153:"Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S" 16614:Office for National Statistics 16260:Aiton, Andrew (9 March 2022). 15933:Office for National Statistics 15904:. BBC News. 23 November 2020. 15522:"Devolved and Reserved Powers" 14946:"Local authorities: factsheet" 14034:"Devolved and Reserved Powers" 13319:. National Records of Scotland 13053:"Parliamentary constituencies" 12997:"Government of Scotland Facts" 12482:, (Oxford, 2001), pp. 561–563. 12002:. 2 April 2008. Archived from 11755:"2011: Gaelic report (part 1)" 11481:. London. David & Charles. 11344:Office for National Statistics 11260:. The Courier. 3 August 2012. 11030:Copping, Jasper (4 June 2011) 10982:. Forestry and Land Scotland. 10755:, F. & Boyd, J. M. (1969) 10615:Loudon, Calum (20 July 2022). 10408:Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 10120:"Donald Dewar dies after fall" 9652:(Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2002). 9051:Chronology of Scottish History 8805:"Scotland Regained, 1297–1328" 8191:. See Moffat, Alistair (2005) 7668:Office for National Statistics 7559: 7466: 7454: 7445: 7230:. There are many other famous 7092:'s fans are commonly known as 6920:Although there is no official 6191:Science, technology and energy 6142:. It is owned and operated by 6058:Highlands and Islands Airports 6009:in Scotland is subject to the 6005:. The issuing of banknotes by 5940:across Scotland, with 318,369 5917:sectors, with industries like 5685:Solicitor General for Scotland 5381:His Majesty's Naval Base Clyde 5306:. In 2006, as a result of the 4573:, is specific to the country. 4382:QS' World University Rankings' 4352:, some of which are among the 4231:Other minority faiths include 3466:most recent census in Scotland 2790:second independence referendum 2466:, which was absorbed into the 2111:and recognized the Protestant 1: 22504:Celtic place names in Galicia 22134: 19144: 18997:The Scottish Nation 1700–2000 18442:Brooks, Libby (30 May 2007). 18423:. National Trust for Scotland 17924:Celtic Media Festival website 17900:. IFLA University of Stirling 17559:History of English Literature 17079:"Alexander Fleming Biography" 16166:"Scottish Goods and Services" 16048:"Scotch Whisky Briefing 2014" 15872:"GFCI 27 Rank – Long Finance" 15588:. The Scotsman. 11 May 2009. 15228:. The Telegraph. 7 May 2001. 15146:. Harrison and Sons. p. 14342:10.1080/13501763.2021.1876156 14134:(Third ed.). Cambridge: 12231:. 20 May 2016. Archived from 11821:. Scottish Government. 2013. 11477:Clapperton, C.M. (ed) (1983) 10583:. BBC Weather. Archived from 9326:The Scottish Nation 1700–2000 7884:The Scottish Nation 1700–2000 7519: 7172:Scottish Football Association 7149:Scottish Football Association 6634:credited MacLean with saving 5741:Scotland has a Western-style 5634:pervert the course of justice 5459:base is located in Scotland. 5319:were amalgamated to form the 4651:The Scottish Parliament is a 4623:Cabinet of the United Kingdom 4479:Political parties in Scotland 4405:List of hospitals in Scotland 4302:Education (Scotland) Act 1872 4251:monastery in Western Europe. 3415: 2811:Geography and natural history 2138:inherited the thrones of the 2022:, despite the effects of the 2008:Lord High Steward of Scotland 1965:Wars of Scottish Independence 1906:Wars of Scottish Independence 1900:Wars of Scottish Independence 1282: 1056:authority over many areas of 1016:in the 9th century. In 1603, 29602:United States Virgin Islands 28767:Ethnic group classifications 28639:British Nationals (Overseas) 21936: 20446:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 19312:Colonisation of the Americas 19016:Keay, John, and Julia Keay. 17876:. 1 May 2009. Archived from 17151:Cruickshank, Robert (1955). 16566:. Retrieved 2 November 2007. 16262:"Earnings in Scotland: 2021" 15927:Tuck, Helen (28 June 2023). 15192:"Royal Regiment of Scotland" 12623:Times Higher Education (THE) 12397:(Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), 12345:. University of St Andrews. 10980:www.forestryandland.gov.scot 10965:. Retrieved 14 October 2007. 9328:. Penguin Books. p. 9. 8474:Keys, David (27 June 2018). 8068:. BiblioBazaar. p. 16. 8062:Gwynn, Stephen (July 2009). 7918:. In Hickey, Raymond (ed.). 7895:"created a new and powerful 7259:Scottish national rugby team 6913:flag. Highlanders can thank 6799:National symbols of Scotland 6708:, which runs three national 6201:Renewable energy in Scotland 5718:Economic history of Scotland 5412:in the 20th century. As the 5397:that comprise the Britain's 5395:ballistic missile submarines 5377:ballistic missile submarines 5217:Military history of Scotland 4922:for the first time in 2022. 4857:Scotland is a member of the 4638:Scottish Parliament Building 4601:of the UK Parliament, by 57 4487:Electoral system of Scotland 4254: 4024: 3470:National Records of Scotland 3363:impacts the distribution of 3026:found principally along the 2749:Scottish Parliament Building 2344:American War of Independence 1477:in northern England and the 1294:, was culturally divergent. 1290:, before the arrival of the 1277:Timeline of Scottish history 1154: 1052:was re-established, and has 1020:succeeded to the thrones of 504:Secretary of State 7: 21428:Welsh literature in English 21368: 20799: 20525:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 20436: 19175:Geographic data related to 18951:. New York: Penguin Group. 18727:Royal and Ancient Golf Club 18207:"Symbols of Scotland—Index" 18152:British Flags & Emblems 17456:(London: Greenwood, 2000), 17434:Kisiel, Ryan (2 May 2016). 15370:A History of Modern Britain 12782:"About the NHS in Scotland" 12701:"What is higher education?" 12619:"World University Rankings" 11623:Scottish English: Phonology 11610:Scottish English: Phonology 11213:Warren, Charles R. (2009). 10728:"Scottish Weather Part One" 10702:"Eastern Scotland: climate" 10673:"Western Scotland: climate" 9785:The Legend of Red Clydeside 9127:. In Wormald, Jenny (ed.). 8460:Robertson, Anne S. (1960). 8368:Oxford Classical Dictionary 8236:"Origins: Scotland to 1100" 7979:"Gaelic in modern Scotland" 7381: 7353:IndyCar world championships 7327:. Notable drivers include; 6922:national anthem of Scotland 6687:in Dundee in the east, and 6054:five international airports 5982:for the UK, three Scottish 5951: 5646:van with bilingual writing. 5612:Justice of the Peace Courts 5501:Parliament House, Edinburgh 5296:154 (Scottish) Regiment RLC 5210: 5097:new independence referendum 4926:Devolution and independence 4892:Scotland Malawi Partnership 4796:Heads of Government Council 4541:whose current sovereign is 4131: 2753:proportional representation 2315:, which succeeded both the 2313:Parliament of Great Britain 2295:. The following year, twin 1792:Parliament House, Edinburgh 1643:and the immigration of the 1194: 1088:are the most widely spoken 1046:Parliament of Great Britain 985:to the north and west, the 961:and more than 790 adjacent 10: 30182: 29319:English speaking countries 29256:First Minister of Scotland 29107:Northern Ireland Executive 28919:Any other Black background 28895:Any other Asian background 28825:Any other white background 28819:White Showman or Showwoman 28710:Turks and Caicos Islanders 21448:Scottish Gaelic literature 20833:Brigantia (ancient region) 19984:Inventions and discoveries 19687:Supreme Courts of Scotland 18937: 18396:The Court of the Lord Lyon 17972:Celtic connections website 17651:. Harper Collins. p. 17116:(1): 52–53, author 53 53. 16195:Scotland: a trading nation 16100:"The Economics of Tourism" 14778:. BBC News. 24 June 2016. 14136:Cambridge University Press 13992:. Retrieved 12 April 2008. 13423:. gov.scot. Archived from 12541:"The Scottish Exam System" 11921:American Heritage Magazine 11849:(6 August 2005). Glasgow. 11580:. Retrieved 2 October 2014 11203:(Penguin, 2001), p. xxxii. 10887:"East Scotland Sea Eagles" 10812:. Oxford University Press. 9681:, Pluto Press, p. 136 9518:F. Requejo and K-J Nagel, 9441:", The University of Iowa. 9269:scottishhistorysociety.com 8666:Barrell, A. D. M. (2000). 7125:UEFA European Championship 7077: 7003: 6999: 6792: 6750: 6510: 6387: 6321:substance, which he named 6213:Space industry of Scotland 6194: 6155:Scottish local authorities 6121:UNESCO World Heritage Site 6027: 5955: 5881:Scottish Consolidated Fund 5874: 5868: 5715: 5709: 5705: 5509:Supreme Courts of Scotland 5489: 5418:Polaris ballistic missiles 5408:was the main base for the 5321:Royal Regiment of Scotland 5292:Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 5238:Royal Scots Dragoon Guards 5214: 5107: 5042:Scottish Liberal Democrats 4968:Leader of the Labour Party 4929: 4804:Northern Ireland Executive 4750:meets with U.S. President 4713: 4681:Scottish Liberal Democrats 4551:Royal Standard of Scotland 4476: 4462: 4402: 4396: 4258: 4135: 4028: 3692: 3639: 3572: 3492: 3400: 3394: 3227: 3131: 3127: 3093:are rarely far from view. 2996:. It is interspersed with 2925: 2891:, lost to England in 1482 2844:on the east coast and the 2814: 2737:first minister of Scotland 2709:first minister of Scotland 2399:Scotland in the modern era 2396: 2267: 2261: 2195:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 2041: 1903: 1654: 1567:and the area north of the 1356: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1158: 1012:emerged as an independent 517:House of Commons 18: 30161:United Kingdom by country 30053: 29941: 29911: 29857: 29839: 29718: 29705: 29696: 29655: 29611: 29444: 29424: 29411: 29402: 29398: 29377: 29341: 29337: 29326: 29312: 29205:Representatives of states 29204: 29130: 29063: 28996: 28987: 28926: 28902: 28860: 28842:White and Black Caribbean 28833: 28777: 28570: 28542: 28427: 28392: 28354: 28316: 28293: 28286: 28279: 28227: 28169: 28153: 28138: 28081: 28006: 27999: 27959: 27931: 27888: 27881: 27826: 27769: 27701:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 27596: 27423: 27248: 26737: 26226: 25715: 25204: 24693: 24182: 23671: 23610: 23099: 22588: 22526: 22469: 22463: 22458: 22396: 22367: 22350: 22313: 22235: 22226: 22198: 22170: 22142: 22129: 22082: 22047: 22021: 21942: 21931: 21818: 21795:Hebridean Celtic Festival 21732: 21634: 21613: 21582: 21497: 21456: 21423:Welsh-language literature 21378: 21374: 21363: 21325: 21239: 21156: 21143: 21013: 20972: 20911: 20807: 20794: 20783: 20620: 20589: 20523: 20444: 20431: 20398: 20354: 20349:Links to related articles 20312: 20259:Scottish Episcopal Church 20207: 20155: 20117: 20108: 19941:Curriculum for Excellence 19905: 19901: 19892: 19780: 19771: 19662: 19511: 19502: 19493: 19374: 19365: 19237: 19224: 18610:"IFAB Meetings 1914-2008" 18096:16 September 2013 at the 17519:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), 17415:Lydia (4 February 2023). 16753:www.travelinescotland.com 16564:Office of Rail Regulation 14722:29 September 2014 at the 14263:Guderjan, Marius (2023). 14198:; McHarg, Aileen (2022). 13990:University of Strathclyde 13975:Cavanagh, Michael (2001) 13935:Oxford English Dictionary 13083:"Scotland Office Charter" 11148:. University of Glasgow. 11038:. Retrieved 10 July 2011. 10963:Scottish Natural Heritage 10854:. Earthscan. p. 30. 9728:Modern Scotland 1914–2000 9624:"Review of James Buchan, 7182:(IFAB) which governs the 7073: 6952:A Man's A Man for A' That 6893:(celebrated in the song, 6856:. Following the death of 6767:Hebridean Celtic Festival 6561:is the 14th-century poet 6197:Nuclear power in Scotland 5420:, and submarines, in the 4953:first Scottish Government 4867:Inter-Parliamentary Forum 4392: 4323:Curriculum for Excellence 4318:Curriculum for Excellence 4279:Scottish education system 4271:University of St. Andrews 4226:Scottish Episcopal Church 3288:, can be found alongside 2922:Geology and geomorphology 2670:electronics manufacturing 2547:Charles Rennie Mackintosh 2472:Second City of the Empire 2115:as Queen of England. The 2069:Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1378:, Europe's most complete 1200: 1176:, the Latin name for the 914: 902: 890: 880: 868: 844: 826: 807: 782: 757: 747: 737: 723: 719: 709: 699: 689: 679: 664: 657: 647: 637: 630: 626: 613: 600: 587: 574: 557: 553: 546: 536: 532: 528: 514: 501: 494: 479: 464: 460: 444: 410: 398: 305: 250: 209: 168: 158: 131: 100: 66: 30: 21:Scotland (disambiguation) 29999:Northern Mariana Islands 29590:Turks and Caicos Islands 29242:Chief Minister of Jersey 28595:British Virgin Islanders 28252:Kingdom of Great Britain 22228:Ancient Celtic languages 19695:High Court of Justiciary 19157:templates for discussion 18760:Cochrane, Alistair (ed) 17690:10.1215/00982601-29-2-25 17235:. Glasgow Science Centre 16542:. Isle of Man Government 15645:"Rt Hon Dorothy Bain KC" 15327:"Dunoon and the US Navy" 15166:www.atholl-estates.co.uk 14744:12 November 2018 at the 14585:. London. Archived from 12441:Scottish Archive Network 12255:"Scotland's Census 2011" 11649:"Scotland's Census 2011" 10053:15 February 2013 at the 9713:Stephan Tschudi-Madsen, 9452:"Enlightenment Scotland" 8631:Stringer, Keith (2005). 8111:25 November 2020 at the 7911:Maguire, Warren (2012). 7831:. London. HarperCollins. 7438: 7232:golf courses in Scotland 7201:With the modern game of 7105:Old Course at St Andrews 6610:In the 20th century the 6205:Oil industry in Scotland 6183:operated a freight-only 6157:in each of their areas. 5828:Bruichladdich distillery 5596:High Court of Justiciary 5584:High Court of Justiciary 5467:, is the most northerly 5448:. The first patrol of a 5221:Armed forces in Scotland 5165:eight cities in Scotland 5110:Subdivisions of Scotland 4999:Crown Estate in Scotland 4951:in 1999 and chaired the 4661:additional member system 4358:University of St Andrews 4292:First Book of Discipline 3397:Demographics of Scotland 3326:Cairngorms National Park 3185:on the opposite side of 2757:additional member system 2655:, a letter addressed to 2571:Battle of Bazentin Ridge 2531:Arts and Crafts movement 2498:. His first prose work, 2468:Independent Labour Party 2440:Scottish Reform Act 1832 2360:Episcopalian Protestants 2301:Kingdom of Great Britain 2270:Kingdom of Great Britain 2238:until the defeat of the 2211:Instrument of Government 1986:A civil war between the 1555:To the Roman historians 1321:dates from this period. 1090:languages in the country 1038:Kingdom of Great Britain 685:70/km (181.3/sq mi) 29875:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 29263:First Minister of Wales 28892:(Northern Ireland only) 28846:White and Black African 22499:Gaulish words in French 22484:Celtic words in English 20743:Scottish New Zealanders 20633:Anglo-Celtic Australian 20269:Free Church of Scotland 19556:International relations 19128:– official site of the 19097:excerpt and text search 19078:. Tempus, 2003. 286 pp. 19053:excerpt and text search 18995:Devine, T. M. (2000). 18742:. Scottish Golf History 18725:page 839. "In 1834 the 18158:9 November 2012 at the 17822:Scottish Poetry Library 17719:. Pluto Press. p. 17678:Eighteenth-Century Life 17394:www.bracknellnews.co.uk 17059:. Live Breathe Scotland 16805:www.directferries.co.uk 16603:Office of Rail and Road 16226:. Scottish Government. 15681:. Scottish Government. 15651:. Scottish Government. 15075:. Scottish Government. 14492:10.1111/1468-2230.12706 14434:University of Edinburgh 14395:10.1111/1468-2230.12735 13983:2 February 2016 at the 13940:Oxford University Press 13515:. Scottish Government. 13087:Scotland Office website 12767:14 January 2013 at the 12677:. Scottish Government. 12371:. Scottish Government. 12339:"History and hertigate" 12184:Churchofscotland.org.uk 11879:3 November 2011 at the 11595:29 January 2018 at the 10961:(pdf) (September 1999) 10834:Matthews, L. H. (1968) 10795:20 January 2022 at the 10772:. London. Aurum Press. 10526:. London. Eyre Methuen 10498:"Scotland Today " ITKT" 10421:10.1127/zfg/30/1987/407 10365:4 December 2022 at the 10322:Nationalarchives.gov.uk 10318:"Uniting the Kingdoms?" 9437:31 October 2013 at the 8982:Encyclopædia Britannica 8830:Murison, A. F. (1899). 8597:Oxford University Press 8370:(4th online ed.), 8309:Oxford University Press 7428:Ethnic groups in Europe 6899:Declaration of Arbroath 6895:The Thistle o' Scotland 6628:Scottish Poetry Library 6497:Scots Trad Music Awards 6266:is the largest onshore 6102:operator of last resort 5786:-oriented economy. The 5757:, the Government-owned 5696:Scottish Prison Service 5677:Great Officers of State 5428:. Public protests from 5325:Cameron–Clegg coalition 5014:Scottish National Party 4904:historical and cultural 4710:Diplomacy and relations 4669:Scottish National Party 4539:constitutional monarchy 4459:Government and politics 4409:Social care in Scotland 4370:University of Edinburgh 4222:Free Church of Scotland 2974:Highland Boundary Fault 2767:Scottish National Party 2378:, Great Britain's last 2240:Jacobite rising of 1745 2223:Restoration in Scotland 2136:James VI, King of Scots 1977:Declaration of Arbroath 1827:following the death of 1727:Gaelic-speaking clerics 1720:subsistence agriculture 1422:Battle of Mons Graupius 1249:. The use of the words 1221: 666:• 2022 census 455:constitutional monarchy 36: 29489:British Virgin Islands 29349:English-speaking world 29320: 29306:English-speaking world 29093:Isle of Man Government 28939:Any other ethnic group 28904:Black or Black British 28862:Asian or Asian British 28557:English-speaking world 21433:Early Irish literature 21314: 21302: 21290: 21278: 21266: 21254: 20723:Scotch-Irish Canadians 20718:Scotch-Irish Americans 19850:Royal Bank of Scotland 19546:Great Seal of Scotland 19083:Lonely Planet Scotland 18949:The Third Reich at War 18911:"Overview and History" 18788:2 October 2012 at the 18764:. Page 849. Routledge. 18317:1 October 2007 at the 18275:. BBC. 9 January 2010. 18150:www.flaginstitute.org 18008:. 2009. Archived from 16197:. gov.scot. 1 May 2019 15970:HM Revenue and Customs 15766:Scottish Business News 14438:University of Aberdeen 14246:Durham Research Online 13948:10.1093/OED/4958732321 13236:www.legislation.gov.uk 12443:, 2010, archived from 11996:"2006 Canadian Census" 11869:8 January 2012 at the 11783:"Scotland speaks Urdu" 11576:4 January 2018 at the 11546:Scotlandscensus.gov.uk 11494:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 10605:, on 30 December 1995. 9771:5 October 2010 at the 9662:K. S. Whetter (2008), 9324:Devine, T. M. (1999). 9156:. London: Allen Lane. 8065:The History Of Ireland 7882:Devine, T. M. (1999), 7351:has won 4 consecutive 7209:. To many golfers the 7133:Rugby League World Cup 7112: 7096: 7090:national football team 7025: 6990:Court of the Lord Lyon 6961:, 30 November, is the 6878:Parliament of Scotland 6816:Royal Arms of Scotland 6732:BBC Radio nan Gàidheal 6636:Scottish Gaelic poetry 6593:Robert Louis Stevenson 6546: 6437:Scottish popular music 6415:Great Highland bagpipe 6407: 6311:Scottish Enlightenment 6166:state-owned enterprise 6123: 6106:Scottish Rail Holdings 6049: 5999:Royal Bank of Scotland 5971: 5968:Royal Bank of Scotland 5898: 5877:Scottish variable rate 5871:Income tax in Scotland 5759:Royal Bank of Scotland 5738: 5647: 5592:Parliament of Scotland 5524: 5511: 5505:Parliament of Scotland 5365: 5323:. As a result of the 5240: 5125: 5038:Scottish Conservatives 5016:(SNP), which supports 4956: 4908:Scandinavian countries 4854: 4812:constitution secretary 4673:Scottish Conservatives 4648: 4613:system of voting. The 4582:Parliament of Scotland 4425: 4399:Healthcare in Scotland 4366:University of Aberdeen 4274: 4149: 4147:High Kirk of Edinburgh 4046: 3586:Scotland's Census 2022 3450:Highland Potato Famine 3429: 3361:driven grouse shooting 3245: 3243:White-tailed sea eagle 3150: 2955: 2940: 2829: 2744: 2589: 2574: 2507:Robert Louis Stevenson 2420:Scottish Enlightenment 2415: 2317:Parliament of Scotland 2279: 2199:its events in Scotland 2123:, which signalled the 2117:Parliament of Scotland 2107:brought an end to the 2071:was signed in 1502 by 2064: 1935: 1851:culture that saw many 1843:and his forces at the 1833:Scottish-Norwegian War 1799: 1796:Parliament of Scotland 1712:Kingdom of Northumbria 1588: 1440:. By the reign of the 1398: 1393:, erected in the late 1383: 1243: 1210: 1170: 1042:Parliament of Scotland 1001:is the largest of the 50: 29927:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 29548:Saint Kitts and Nevis 29318: 29079:Government of Ireland 28990:Good Friday Agreement 28981:British–Irish Council 28400:British Sign Language 28245:Principality of Wales 28089:Bailiwick of Guernsey 27972:British–Irish Council 27960:Political cooperation 27941:Bailiwick of Guernsey 27631:Dumfries and Galloway 27458:Dumfries and Galloway 22060:Scottish independence 21805:Celtic Media Festival 21688:National music scenes 20919:Proto-Celtic religion 20621:Related ethnic groups 20147:British Sign Language 19614:Members of Parliament 19541:Deputy First Minister 19379:Anglo-Scottish border 19347:Industrial Revolution 18973:. New York: Vintage. 17928:Celtic Media Festival 17780:on 30 September 2011. 17755:on 30 September 2011. 17057:"Scottish Inventions" 17037:. Scottish Government 16985:scotland.shinyapps.io 16463:www.visitscotland.com 16363:. Scottish Government 16264:. Scottish Parliament 15705:"Prisoner Population" 15508:20 March 2015 at the 14279:10.4324/9781003349952 14144:10.1017/9781009158497 13119:. BBC. 24 July 2019. 12901:, Scottish Government 11890:"Explore Census Data" 11680:University of Glasgow 11590:Scots Language Policy 11479:Scotland: A New Study 11419:"statistics.gov.scot" 11389:"statistics.gov.scot" 10838:. London. Bloomsbury. 10825:. London. Kingfisher. 10730:. BBC. Archived from 10471:. BBC. Archived from 10212:. 19 September 2014. 9666:, Ashgate, p. 28 9535:, 2007 57(7): 30–36. 9477:Neil Davidson(2000). 8916:Mason, Roger (2005). 8833:King Robert the Bruce 8781:. National Archives. 8506:www.visitscotland.com 8303:Houston, Rab (2008). 8163:www.heritagedaily.com 7845:A History of Scotland 7796:Open Geography Portal 7607:Open Geography Portal 7410:United Kingdom portal 7224:The Open Championship 7196:Scotland women's team 7129:Rugby Union World Cup 7102: 7087: 7013: 6866:Guardians of Scotland 6793:Further information: 6751:Further information: 6743:regions of Scotland. 6695:Celtic Media Festival 6690:The Press and Journal 6626:was described by the 6536: 6529:Festivals in Scotland 6489:Scottish Music Awards 6401: 6195:Further information: 6114: 6037: 6030:Transport in Scotland 5965: 5958:Banknotes of Scotland 5892: 5875:Further information: 5854:investment management 5842:Industrial Revolution 5733: 5716:Further information: 5667:for Scotland and all 5642: 5522:, dating back to the 5499: 5356: 5228: 5119:Glasgow City Chambers 5117: 5026:National Conversation 5018:Scottish independence 4943: 4936:Scottish independence 4900:Government of Ireland 4859:British–Irish Council 4840: 4724:British–Irish Council 4635: 4603:Members of Parliament 4483:Elections in Scotland 4477:Further information: 4416: 4403:Further information: 4362:University of Glasgow 4350:Scottish universities 4269:Founded in 1413, the 4268: 4261:Education in Scotland 4145: 4038: 4031:Languages of Scotland 3423: 3403:Languages of Scotland 3241: 3141: 3079:industrial revolution 2970:Highlands and Islands 2952:Dumfries and Galloway 2946: 2935: 2826:Tràigh Allt Chàilgeag 2824: 2817:Geography of Scotland 2726: 2580: 2560: 2464:Scottish Labour Party 2424:Industrial Revolution 2406: 2370:failed to remove the 2325:Parliament of Ireland 2321:Parliament of England 2293:Parliament of England 2277: 2268:Further information: 2221:was resumed with the 2164:Parliament of England 2091:to die in battle, at 2055: 1979:, won the support of 1973:Battle of Bannockburn 1921: 1887:. Later, a system of 1782: 1389: 1374: 1161:Etymology of Scotland 29100:Government of Jersey 28997:Member jurisdictions 28660:New Forest Commoners 28019:Islands of the Clyde 22384:(Medieval Welsh law) 21994:Scottish nationalism 21644:Ancient Celtic music 20964:Romano-Celtic temple 20773:Welsh New Zealanders 20698:Irish New Zealanders 20090:World Heritage Sites 19287:Wars of Independence 18486:on 24 September 2015 18121:on 16 September 2013 18062:"About the Festival" 17711:N. Davidson (2000). 16755:. Traveline Scotland 16649:on 15 September 2014 15972:. 14 December 2023. 15483:on 25 September 2007 15273:. 16 December 2006. 15198:. The British Army. 15162:"Atholl Highlanders" 14931:1 March 2010 at the 14676:. 19 September 2014. 14615:. 6 September 2010. 14558:on 10 September 2009 14333:Taylor & Francis 14273:. pp. 166–176. 14205:Law Quarterly Review 14138:. pp. 471–473. 13345:. 11 December 2017. 12897:10 June 2024 at the 12447:on 28 September 2011 12343:www.st-andrews.ac.uk 12235:on 13 September 2017 12214:10 January 2009, 16. 11719:. 16 September 2008. 11711:22 July 2011 at the 11374:30 June 2018 at the 10768:Benvie, Neil (2004) 10542:Murray, W.H. (1968) 10522:Murray, W.H. (1973) 10360:"Centre of Scotland" 10303:29 June 2019 at the 10244:. 23 November 2022. 9999:on 20 September 2017 9899:Harvie, Christopher 9762:4 April 2023 at the 9749:10 June 2024 at the 9703:on 30 September 2011 9677:N. Davidson (2000), 9586:(2003), pp. 215–223. 9406:Devine, T M (1994). 9152:Devine, T M (2018). 9049:Ross, David (2002). 8984:. 2 September 2023. 8758:www.yourstirling.com 8568:. 18 December 2021. 8531:Woolf, Alex (2012), 8048:10 June 2024 at the 8041:, Austin, 2001, pp. 7843:Mackie, J.D. (1969) 7370:, and most recently 7282:2023 Rugby World Cup 7263:their first official 7213:in the Fife town of 7153:Scottish Rugby Union 7068:Mary, Queen of Scots 6852:during the reign of 6717:BBC Scotland channel 6704:, a division of the 6612:Scottish Renaissance 6537:World renowned poet 6507:Literature and media 6368:from Scottish–based 6358:Sutherland spaceport 6169:Caledonian MacBrayne 5751:Lloyds Banking Group 5722:Taxation in Scotland 5574:can be taken to the 5526:Corpus Juris Civilis 5455:A single front-line 5304:Royal Logistic Corps 5269:British Armed Forces 5245:British Armed Forces 5123:Glasgow City Council 5044:–created a separate 4888:Government of France 4847:President of Ireland 4567:Order of the Thistle 4549:. These include the 4465:Politics of Scotland 4449:total fertility rate 4297:act in Privy council 4177:Scottish Reformation 4138:Religion in Scotland 4063:linguistic continuum 4051:indigenous languages 3424:Scotland population 3407:Religion in Scotland 3343:woodland as well as 2828:, Scottish Highlands 2563:Seaforth Highlanders 2452:the Earl of Rosebery 2125:Scottish Reformation 2097:Mary, Queen of Scots 2077:Henry VII of England 2073:James IV of Scotland 1855:loanwords enter the 1288:Prehistoric Scotland 953:that is part of the 846:• Summer ( 347:5.1% other Christian 235:55.86111°N 4.25000°W 194:55.95306°N 3.18889°W 30131:Countries in Europe 30098: / 29584:Trinidad and Tobago 29461:Antigua and Barbuda 29114:Scottish Government 28605:Chagossians (Îlois) 28585:Ascension Islanders 28405:Irish Sign Language 28262:Kingdom of Scotland 28099:Bailiwick of Jersey 28082:Lists of islands of 27756:West Dunbartonshire 27646:East Dunbartonshire 27583:West Dunbartonshire 27473:East Dunbartonshire 22074:Irish republicanism 22055:Breton independence 22034:Scottish devolution 21967:Cornish nationalism 21790:Pan Celtic Festival 21664:Scottish folk music 21418:Scottish literature 20944:Celtic Christianity 20748:Scottish Travellers 20733:Scottish Argentines 20577:Scottish Travellers 19880:International trade 19434:Mountains and hills 19342:Highland Clearances 19317:Glorious Revolution 19282:Davidian Revolution 19229:Outline of Scotland 19130:Scottish Government 19126:Scottish Government 19093:Scotland: A History 18291:www.parliament.scot 18211:Rampantscotland.com 17880:on 30 October 2011. 17648:Crowded with Genius 17332:. 20 February 2021. 17211:"The Falkirk Wheel" 17169:1955Natur.175..663C 16889:on 26 January 2016. 16224:statistics.gov.scot 16142:. 17 October 2012. 16107:Scottish Parliament 15876:www.longfinance.net 15827:27 May 2014 at the 15675:"Solicitor General" 15526:www.parliament.scot 15502:"Court Information" 15446:on 14 November 2007 15440:"Act of Union 1707" 15419:on 22 November 2007 15389:. Royal Air Force. 15337:on 2 September 2014 15226:www.telegraph.co.uk 14903:. 6 December 2019. 14834:(6 November 2020). 14552:Scottish Government 14317:(2 February 2021). 14269:. London/New York: 14214:Sweet & Maxwell 14038:www.parliament.scot 13938:(Online ed.). 13904:. 31 October 2022. 13623:www.parliament.scot 12739:. 30 October 2012. 12547:on 14 February 2008 12469:, pp. 219–228. 12229:Scottish Legal News 12026:New Zealand English 11976:on 16 February 2009 11932:on 20 October 2010. 11686:on 5 September 2007 11674:Kenneth MacKinnon. 11453:Rampantscotland.com 11423:statistics.gov.scot 11393:statistics.gov.scot 10821:Gooders, J. (1994) 10770:Scotland's Wildlife 10759:London. Bloomsbury. 10546:. London. Collins. 10449:on 28 November 2004 10347:Whitaker's Almanack 10126:. 11 October 2000. 10072:Scottish Government 10048:"Scotland Act 1998" 9726:Richard J. Finlay, 9295:"Act of Union 1707" 9129:Scotland: A History 9074:Union of the Crowns 8928:Scotland: A History 8890:Scotland: A History 8643:Scotland: A History 8331:Hanson, William S. 8245:Scotland: A History 7731:Scottish Government 7703:. 1 November 2023. 7701:Scottish Government 7433:Outline of Scotland 7255:Murrayfield Stadium 7121:UEFA Nations League 7111:course in the world 6850:Kingdom of Scotland 6779:Pan Celtic Festival 6765:(Glasgow), and the 6710:television stations 6513:Scottish literature 6390:Culture of Scotland 6379:Culture and society 5929:(£20.87 per hour). 5712:Economy of Scotland 5656:Scottish Government 5614:from 2008 to 2010. 5476:Eurofighter Typhoon 5363:HM Naval Base Clyde 5022:minority government 4972:Scottish Government 4932:Scottish devolution 4778:President of Zambia 4696:Scottish Government 4657:first-past-the-post 4642:Scottish Parliament 4611:first-past-the-post 4547:Kingdom of Scotland 4473:Scottish Government 4469:Scottish Parliament 4442:Health Directorates 4354:oldest in the world 4309:Scottish Government 4195:in orientation and 4156:(20.36 %) and 4049:Scotland has three 3446:Highland Clearances 3183:Kamchatka Peninsula 3134:Climate of Scotland 2928:Geology of Scotland 2729:Scottish Parliament 2701:Scottish Government 2697:Scottish Parliament 2668:services industry, 2480:James Clerk Maxwell 2431:across the nascent 2387:Highland Clearances 2244:Company of Scotland 2234:and the succeeding 2148:Union of the Crowns 2105:Treaty of Edinburgh 2048:Union of the Crowns 2038:Union of the Crowns 1944:Edward I of England 1930:, commemorates Sir 1784:James V of Scotland 1749:entirely displaced 1657:Kingdom of Scotland 1651:Kingdom of Scotland 1317:on the mainland of 1271:History of Scotland 1050:Scottish Parliament 1010:Kingdom of Scotland 997:is the capital and 812:Pound sterling 743:£211.7 billion 705:£165.7 billion 541:Scottish Parliament 431:United Kingdom 231: / 190: / 30166:Autonomous regions 29321: 28927:Other ethnic group 28715:Ulster Protestants 28675:Pitcairn Islanders 28620:Falkland Islanders 28257:Kingdom of Ireland 28240:Kingdom of England 27987:Common Travel Area 27933:Crown Dependencies 22065:Welsh independence 22029:Cornish devolution 21950:Breton nationalism 21800:Celtic Connections 21403:Cornish literature 20753:Ulster Protestants 20738:Scottish Canadians 20728:Scottish Americans 20638:Anglo-Irish people 20237:Church of Scotland 20029:Royal National Mòd 19967:Education Scotland 19740:Scots property law 19735:College of Justice 19644:Secretary of State 19466:Biosphere reserves 19337:Lowland Clearances 19322:1707 Acts of Union 19058:Trevor-Roper, Hugh 19027:(ABC-CLIO, 2006), 18833:heraldscotland.com 18698:"The Home of Golf" 18580:. 1 December 2022. 18372:on 16 October 2015 18072:on 19 January 2012 17976:Celtic Connections 17954:www.itvmedia.co.uk 17798:on 4 February 2012 17645:J. Buchan (2003). 17561:(Atlantic, 2001), 17498:(ABC-CLIO, 2006), 17089:on 30 January 2011 16701:Transport Scotland 16581:Transport.gov.scot 16136:"Scotland profile" 16116:on 6 November 2005 15331:Argyllonline.co.uk 15168:. Atholl Estates. 14688:"Scotland decides" 14424:; McHarg, Aileen; 13093:on 30 October 2007 13023:"Sewel Convention" 12973:. House of Lords. 12625:. 20 August 2019. 12573:on 11 October 2007 12497:education.gov.scot 12313:Buddhistchannel.tv 12190:on 7 December 2016 11916:"The Scotch-Irish" 11490:Miller, J. (2004) 11186:A. K. Cairncross, 10734:on 26 January 2011 10647:"Weather extremes" 10587:on 2 December 2010 10475:on 2 December 2010 10443:"Southern Uplands" 10156:. 6 October 2004. 9070:James I of England 8508:. Visit Scotland. 8231:Forsyth, Katherine 8115:, Chapter II: The 7847:. London. Penguin. 7573:. 3 October 2020. 7360:Commonwealth Games 7323:, particularly in 7174:(SFA) is the main 7145:Commonwealth Games 7113: 7097: 7026: 6940:Highland Cathedral 6934:Scotland the Brave 6927:Flower of Scotland 6858:King Alexander III 6763:Celtic Connections 6747:Celtic connections 6726:BBC Radio Scotland 6597:Arthur Conan Doyle 6547: 6525:Comedy in Scotland 6408: 6362:SaxaVord Spaceport 6264:Whitelee Wind Farm 6251:Scottish inventor 6209:Energy in Scotland 6171:. Services to the 6140:London Underground 6132:underground system 6124: 6097:Transport Scotland 6082:Scotland's Airline 6050: 5972: 5899: 5865:Income and poverty 5739: 5648: 5512: 5442:Faslane Naval Base 5366: 5357:Nuclear submarine 5284:Scottish regiments 5273:Atholl Highlanders 5241: 5147:Community Councils 5126: 5001:. Conversely, the 4980:referendum in 1997 4957: 4855: 4851:Michael D. Higgins 4781:Hakainde Hichilema 4649: 4621:, who sits in the 4555:royal coat of arms 4426: 4386:published research 4348:There are fifteen 4333:and study towards 4313:Education Scotland 4287:Education Act 1496 4275: 4185:Church of Scotland 4162:Na h-Eileanan Siar 4154:Church of Scotland 4150: 4047: 3495:Cities of Scotland 3430: 3306:white-tailed eagle 3278:Scottish crossbill 3246: 3195:Grampian Mountains 3151: 3073:mainly comprising 3024:Old Red Sandstones 2994:Caledonian orogeny 2976:, which runs from 2956: 2941: 2896:centre of Scotland 2889:Berwick-upon-Tweed 2834:Continental Europe 2830: 2745: 2741:Queen Elizabeth II 2731:in July 1999 with 2590: 2575: 2511:Arthur Conan Doyle 2458:'s success in the 2416: 2376:Battle of Culloden 2280: 2193:in 1649, amid the 2144:Kingdom of Ireland 2140:Kingdom of England 2065: 1936: 1800: 1565:Scottish Highlands 1399: 1384: 1186:Indo-European root 1044:subsumed into the 1003:cities of Scotland 733:2022 estimate 711: • Per capita 604:Union with England 420:Legal jurisdiction 391:6.2% not stated 337:Church of Scotland 252:Ethnic groups 240:55.86111; -4.25000 199:55.95306; -3.18889 112:Flower of Scotland 30081: 30080: 30075: 30074: 30071: 30070: 30067: 30066: 30049: 30048: 30045: 30044: 29692: 29691: 29272: 29271: 29167:Knowledge economy 28947: 28946: 28733: 28732: 28705:Tristan Islanders 28502: 28501: 28498: 28497: 28423: 28422: 28275: 28274: 28134: 28133: 27995: 27994: 27786: 27785: 27746:South Lanarkshire 27721:Perth and Kinross 27711:North Lanarkshire 27661:City of Edinburgh 27656:East Renfrewshire 27573:South Lanarkshire 27548:Perth and Kinross 27538:North Lanarkshire 27488:City of Edinburgh 27483:East Renfrewshire 27379: 27378: 22546: 22545: 22522: 22521: 22454: 22453: 22346: 22345: 22342: 22341: 22305:Cisalpine Gaulish 22125: 22124: 22011:national identity 22006:Welsh nationalism 21999:national identity 21979:Irish nationalism 21927: 21926: 21923: 21922: 21860:Cornish wrestling 21728: 21727: 21649:Breton Folk music 21614:Regional cultures 21457:National cultures 21443:Gaelic literature 21398:Breton literature 21359: 21358: 21355: 21354: 21351: 21350: 21139: 21138: 21051:Chief of the Name 20924:Celtic polytheism 20841:Sub-Roman Britain 20781: 20780: 20668:Irish Australians 20648:Cornish Americans 20607:Scottish diaspora 20341: 20340: 20308: 20307: 20304: 20303: 20296:Ethnic minorities 20254:Roman Catholicism 20203: 20202: 19888: 19887: 19767: 19766: 19763: 19762: 19750:Prison population 19730:Sheriff principal 19725:Solicitor General 19720:Procurator fiscal 19629:Political parties 19489: 19488: 19267:Early Middle Ages 18980:978-0-679-76812-8 18958:978-0-14-311671-4 18945:Evans, Richard J. 18921:on 4 January 2014 18891:on 4 January 2014 18835:. 30 January 2015 18675:on 28 August 2008 18628:on 10 April 2008. 18554:on 10 August 2006 18510:Taste of Scotland 18287:"Background Info" 17950:"ITV Media – STV" 17792:"The Scots Makar" 17730:978-0-7453-1608-6 17662:978-0-06-055888-8 17421:discoverwalks.com 17213:. Scottish Canals 16961:. Financial Times 16749:"Ferry operators" 16605:(31 March 2020). 16024:. 11 April 2014. 15556:Timesonline.co.uk 15383:"RAF Lossiemouth" 15252:Fortress Scotland 14759:Scotland Act 2016 14548:"Referendum Bill" 14474:Modern Law Review 14377:Modern Law Review 14288:978-1-032-39485-5 14101:. 16 March 2016. 13961:(Subscription or 13710:on 9 January 2021 13567:"Scotland / Alba" 12529:on 1 August 2010. 12405:, pp. 29–30. 12160:on 5 October 2015 12050:Scotland's Census 11896:on 8 January 2012 11847:The Pole Position 11762:Scotland's Census 11734:Scotland's Census 11500:978-1-84158-296-2 11012:on 3 October 2012 10861:978-1-85383-998-6 10848:WM Adams (2003). 10708:on 8 October 2014 10679:on 8 October 2014 10562:Johnstone, Scott 10532:978-0-413-30380-6 10504:on 6 January 2007 9987:(30 March 2009). 9417:978-0-7190-9076-9 9360:on 1 January 2008 9335:978-0-14-023004-8 9301:. UK Parliament. 9299:www.parliament.uk 9242:on 3 October 2011 9068:James VI becomes 9060:978-1-85534-380-1 9011:The Rough Wooings 8843:978-1-4179-1494-4 8728:Press and Journal 8677:978-0-521-58602-3 8668:Medieval Scotland 8606:978-0-19-211696-3 8462:The Antonine Wall 8436:978-0-19-954556-8 8282:978-0-00-712693-4 8144:978-0-304-35385-9 7949:"Gaelic Language" 7757:"Subnational HDI" 7733:. 21 March 2024. 7670:. 24 April 2024. 7638:Scotland's Census 7541:Scotland's Census 7141:Netball World Cup 7137:Cricket World Cup 7080:Sport in Scotland 6994:Scottish heraldry 6789:National identity 6517:Media of Scotland 6394:Music of Scotland 6370:aerospace company 6315:Alexander Fleming 6230:Alexander Fleming 5927:East Renfrewshire 5665:public prosecutor 5570:, although civil 5399:nuclear deterrent 5317:Scottish Division 5070:Liberal Democrats 4976:Scotland Act 1998 4947:became the first 4883:Kingdom of France 4827:British embassies 4821:and the other in 4563:Officers of State 4158:Roman Catholicism 4126:Scottish-Canadian 4021: 4020: 4013:North Lanarkshire 3997:North Lanarkshire 3963:South Lanarkshire 3877:North Lanarkshire 3861:South Lanarkshire 3775:Perth and Kinross 3725:City of Edinburgh 3521:Scottish Lowlands 3475:national identity 3322:Caledonian Forest 3284:bird species and 3249:seabirds such as 3234:Flora of Scotland 3230:Fauna of Scotland 3205:on 19 July 2022. 2894:The geographical 2805:Scotland Act 1998 2693:Scotland Act 1998 2653:Karlheinz Pintsch 2448:William Gladstone 2248:Isthmus of Panama 2205:, the victorious 2179:church government 2177:over the form of 2160:St Andrew's Cross 1768:and south of the 1527:Septimius Severus 1523:guerrilla warfare 1480:Limes Britannicus 1303:Mesolithic period 1151:are much flatter. 1096:with each other. 1094:dialect continuum 1078:national identity 1070:religious history 926: 925: 872:dd/mm/yyyy ( 776:medium inequality 749:• Per capita 591:Treaty of Berwick 123: 30173: 30151:Island countries 30113: 30112: 30110: 30109: 30108: 30103: 30099: 30096: 30095: 30094: 30091: 30010:Papua New Guinea 29978:Marshall Islands 29868:Christmas Island 29703: 29702: 29699: 29683:Pitcairn Islands 29513:Falkland Islands 29409: 29408: 29405: 29400: 29399: 29339: 29338: 29328: 29327: 29317: 29299: 29292: 29285: 29276: 29275: 29265: 29258: 29251: 29244: 29237: 29230: 29223: 29215: 29197: 29190: 29183: 29181:Social inclusion 29176: 29169: 29162: 29155: 29148: 29141: 29123: 29121:Welsh Government 29116: 29109: 29102: 29095: 29088: 29081: 29074: 29056: 29049: 29042: 29040:Northern Ireland 29035: 29028: 29021: 29014: 29007: 28974: 28967: 28960: 28951: 28950: 28760: 28753: 28746: 28737: 28736: 28562:British diaspora 28552:English language 28529: 28522: 28515: 28506: 28505: 28460:Irish Travellers 28291: 28290: 28287:Modern languages 28284: 28283: 28235:Irish Free State 28192:Northern Ireland 28151: 28150: 28004: 28003: 27912:Northern Ireland 27890:Sovereign states 27886: 27885: 27813: 27806: 27799: 27790: 27789: 27736:Shetland Islands 27731:Scottish Borders 27626:Clackmannanshire 27558:Scottish Borders 27453:Clackmannanshire 27413:Local government 27406: 27399: 27392: 27383: 27382: 22573: 22566: 22559: 22550: 22549: 22539: 22460: 22459: 22352: 22351: 22334:Galwegian Gaelic 22233: 22232: 22131: 22130: 22039:Welsh devolution 21933: 21932: 21685: 21684: 21674:Sean-nós singing 21669:Welsh folk music 21659:Irish folk music 21626:Highland culture 21408:Irish literature 21388:Arthurian Legend 21376: 21375: 21365: 21364: 21317: 21305: 21293: 21281: 21269: 21257: 21237: 21236: 21228: 21227: 21205:Neo-Christianity 21145: 21144: 21076:Gaelic astrology 21036:Celtic festivals 20939:Celtic mythology 20912:Ancient religion 20829:Iron Age Britain 20796: 20795: 20789: 20768:Welsh Argentines 20708:Irish Uruguayans 20703:Irish Travellers 20673:Irish Brazilians 20663:Irish Argentines 20643:Breton Americans 20597:Cornish diaspora 20559:Irish Travellers 20433: 20432: 20425:Celtic languages 20381: 20374: 20367: 20358: 20357: 20345: 20344: 20321: 20242:General Assembly 20132:Scottish English 20127:Highland English 20115: 20114: 20004:Oldest buildings 19903: 19902: 19899: 19898: 19845:Renewable energy 19790:Bank of Scotland 19778: 19777: 19691:Court of Session 19672:Advocate General 19602:Military history 19580:Local government 19509: 19508: 19500: 19499: 19372: 19371: 19292:Late Middle Ages 19277:High Middle Ages 19210: 19203: 19196: 19187: 19186: 19174: 19173: 19115: 19114: 18984: 18962: 18931: 18930: 18928: 18926: 18917:. Archived from 18907: 18901: 18900: 18898: 18896: 18887:. Archived from 18877: 18871: 18870: 18868: 18866: 18851: 18845: 18844: 18842: 18840: 18825: 18819: 18818: 18816: 18814: 18799: 18793: 18780: 18774: 18771: 18765: 18758: 18752: 18751: 18749: 18747: 18736: 18730: 18719: 18713: 18712: 18707: 18705: 18694: 18688: 18687: 18682: 18680: 18661: 18655: 18654: 18636: 18630: 18629: 18627: 18621:. Archived from 18614: 18606: 18600: 18599: 18596:scottishfa.co.uk 18588: 18582: 18581: 18570: 18564: 18563: 18561: 18559: 18550:. Archived from 18539: 18533: 18527: 18521: 18520: 18518: 18516: 18502: 18496: 18495: 18493: 18491: 18482:. Archived from 18475: 18469: 18468: 18466: 18464: 18439: 18433: 18432: 18430: 18428: 18413: 18407: 18406: 18404: 18402: 18388: 18382: 18381: 18379: 18377: 18368:. Archived from 18358: 18352: 18351: 18349: 18347: 18342:on 25 April 2022 18338:. Archived from 18328: 18322: 18309: 18303: 18302: 18300: 18298: 18283: 18277: 18276: 18269: 18263: 18262: 18260: 18258: 18243: 18237: 18236: 18228: 18222: 18221: 18219: 18217: 18203: 18197: 18190: 18184: 18177: 18171: 18146: 18140: 18137: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18126: 18111: 18105: 18088: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18077: 18058: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18047: 18028: 18022: 18021: 18019: 18017: 17994: 17988: 17987: 17985: 17983: 17964: 17958: 17957: 17946: 17940: 17939: 17937: 17935: 17916: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17905: 17899: 17891: 17882: 17881: 17866: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17855: 17844: 17838: 17837: 17835: 17833: 17818:"Sorley MacLean" 17814: 17808: 17807: 17805: 17803: 17788: 17782: 17781: 17776:. Archived from 17766: 17757: 17756: 17751:. Archived from 17741: 17735: 17734: 17718: 17708: 17702: 17701: 17673: 17667: 17666: 17642: 17636: 17618: 17612: 17597: 17591: 17576: 17570: 17555: 17549: 17534: 17528: 17515:E. M. Treharne, 17513: 17507: 17492: 17486: 17471: 17465: 17450: 17444: 17443: 17431: 17425: 17424: 17412: 17406: 17405: 17403: 17401: 17386: 17380: 17379: 17377: 17375: 17358: 17352: 17351: 17340: 17334: 17333: 17322: 17316: 17315: 17304: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17293: 17278: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17267: 17262: 17254: 17245: 17244: 17242: 17240: 17229: 17223: 17222: 17220: 17218: 17207: 17201: 17200: 17190: 17180: 17178:10.1038/175663a0 17148: 17142: 17141: 17105: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17094: 17075: 17069: 17068: 17066: 17064: 17053: 17047: 17046: 17044: 17042: 17027: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17016: 17002: 16996: 16995: 16993: 16991: 16977: 16971: 16970: 16968: 16966: 16951: 16945: 16944: 16942: 16940: 16925: 16919: 16918: 16916: 16914: 16900: 16891: 16890: 16875: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16864: 16859:. 20 August 2010 16849: 16843: 16842: 16840: 16838: 16823: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16812: 16807:. Direct Ferries 16797: 16791: 16790: 16788: 16786: 16781:. CalMac Ferries 16779:www.calmac.co.uk 16771: 16765: 16764: 16762: 16760: 16745: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16734: 16719: 16713: 16712: 16710: 16708: 16693: 16687: 16686: 16684: 16682: 16665: 16659: 16658: 16656: 16654: 16639: 16633: 16632: 16630: 16628: 16622: 16616:. Archived from 16611: 16599: 16593: 16592: 16590: 16588: 16573: 16567: 16558: 16552: 16551: 16549: 16547: 16532: 16526: 16525: 16523: 16521: 16507: 16501: 16500: 16498: 16496: 16481: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16470: 16465:. Visit Scotland 16455: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16444: 16430: 16424: 16423: 16421: 16419: 16413: 16405: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16394: 16389:. 2 October 2023 16379: 16373: 16372: 16370: 16368: 16353: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16342: 16331: 16322: 16321: 16319: 16317: 16302: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16291: 16280: 16274: 16273: 16271: 16269: 16257: 16240: 16239: 16237: 16235: 16216: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16202: 16187: 16181: 16180: 16178: 16176: 16162: 16156: 16155: 16153: 16151: 16132: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16115: 16104: 16096: 16090: 16089: 16087: 16085: 16070: 16064: 16063: 16061: 16059: 16044: 16038: 16037: 16035: 16033: 16018: 16012: 16011: 16009: 16007: 15992: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15981: 15958: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15924: 15918: 15917: 15915: 15913: 15898: 15892: 15891: 15889: 15887: 15868: 15862: 15861: 15859: 15857: 15842: 15836: 15818: 15812: 15811: 15809: 15807: 15788: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15777: 15758: 15752: 15751: 15749: 15747: 15734:McSherry, Mark. 15731: 15725: 15724: 15722: 15720: 15701: 15695: 15694: 15692: 15690: 15671: 15665: 15664: 15662: 15660: 15641: 15635: 15634: 15632: 15630: 15611: 15602: 15601: 15599: 15597: 15586:www.scotsman.com 15578: 15572: 15571: 15569: 15567: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15539: 15537: 15518: 15512: 15499: 15493: 15492: 15490: 15488: 15482: 15475: 15462: 15456: 15455: 15453: 15451: 15435: 15429: 15428: 15426: 15424: 15409: 15403: 15402: 15400: 15398: 15379: 15373: 15366: 15360: 15353: 15347: 15346: 15344: 15342: 15333:. Archived from 15323: 15317: 15316: 15314: 15312: 15293: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15282: 15261: 15255: 15248: 15242: 15241: 15239: 15237: 15218: 15212: 15211: 15209: 15207: 15188: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15177: 15158: 15152: 15151: 15137: 15131: 15130: 15128: 15126: 15098: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15087: 15081: 15070: 15062: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15051: 15032: 15026: 15025: 15023: 15021: 15002: 14996: 14995: 14993: 14991: 14972: 14966: 14965: 14963: 14961: 14942: 14936: 14923: 14917: 14916: 14914: 14912: 14893: 14887: 14886: 14884: 14882: 14862: 14856: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14828: 14822: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14808:. 24 June 2016. 14798: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14787: 14772: 14763: 14762: 14755: 14749: 14736: 14727: 14714: 14708: 14707: 14705: 14703: 14684: 14678: 14677: 14666: 14660: 14659: 14657: 14655: 14635: 14629: 14628: 14626: 14624: 14605: 14599: 14598: 14596: 14594: 14574: 14568: 14567: 14565: 14563: 14544: 14538: 14537: 14535: 14533: 14513: 14507: 14501: 14500: 14494: 14464: 14458: 14457: 14451: 14449: 14440:. pp. 2–3. 14410: 14404: 14403: 14397: 14367: 14361: 14360: 14354: 14344: 14315:Keating, Michael 14311: 14305: 14304: 14260: 14254: 14253: 14243: 14241: 14188: 14182: 14181: 14175: 14173: 14127: 14121: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14110: 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14060: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14049: 14030: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14019: 13999: 13993: 13973: 13967: 13966: 13958: 13956: 13954: 13931: 13924: 13918: 13917: 13915: 13913: 13894: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13883: 13864: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13853: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13804: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13793: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13767: 13752: 13746: 13745: 13743: 13741: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13706:. Archived from 13696: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13685: 13670: 13664: 13663: 13661: 13659: 13640: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13629: 13615: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13604: 13589: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13578: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13552: 13538: 13532: 13531: 13529: 13527: 13521: 13514: 13506: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13490: 13484: 13477: 13469: 13463: 13462: 13460: 13458: 13443: 13437: 13436: 13434: 13432: 13427:on 1 August 2018 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13391: 13385: 13384: 13382: 13380: 13365: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13354: 13335: 13329: 13328: 13326: 13324: 13309: 13303: 13302: 13300: 13298: 13288:"First Minister" 13284: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13258: 13252: 13251: 13249: 13247: 13228: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13217: 13198: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13184: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13109: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13098: 13079: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13049: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13019: 13013: 13012: 13010: 13008: 12999:. Archived from 12993: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12964: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12953: 12938: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12927: 12908: 12902: 12889: 12880: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12869: 12862: 12854: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12834: 12826: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12804: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12793: 12784:. Archived from 12778: 12772: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12713:on 16 March 2004 12712: 12705: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12671: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12660: 12645: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12634: 12615: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12604: 12589: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12578: 12563: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12543:. Archived from 12537: 12531: 12530: 12519: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12489: 12483: 12476: 12470: 12455: 12449: 12448: 12433: 12427: 12412: 12406: 12391: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12380: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12335: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12324: 12305: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12266: 12259: 12251: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12240: 12221: 12215: 12206: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12195: 12186:. Archived from 12176: 12170: 12169: 12167: 12165: 12156:. Archived from 12146: 12140: 12139: 12137: 12135: 12129: 12123:. Archived from 12122: 12114: 12108: 12093: 12087: 12072: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12061: 12042: 12029: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11940: 11934: 11933: 11912: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11901: 11892:. Archived from 11860: 11854: 11844: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11827: 11820: 11812: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11779: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11759: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11740: 11726: 11720: 11702: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11682:. Archived from 11671: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11660: 11645: 11639: 11632: 11626: 11621:Stuart-Smith J. 11619: 11613: 11608:Stuart-Smith J. 11606: 11600: 11587: 11581: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11557: 11548:. Archived from 11538: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11527: 11508: 11502: 11488: 11482: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11445: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11434: 11415: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11404: 11385: 11379: 11366: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11355: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11309: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11283: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11254: 11245: 11244: 11220: 11210: 11204: 11197: 11191: 11184: 11178: 11171: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11154: 11143: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11105: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11094: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11045: 11039: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11017: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10972: 10966: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10924: 10918: 10911: 10905: 10904: 10896: 10890: 10884: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10845: 10839: 10832: 10826: 10819: 10813: 10806: 10800: 10787: 10781: 10766: 10760: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10724: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10704:. Archived from 10698: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10675:. Archived from 10669: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10612: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10577: 10571: 10560: 10554: 10540: 10534: 10520: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10509: 10494: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10402: 10396: 10395: 10393: 10391: 10376: 10370: 10356: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10314: 10308: 10295: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10232: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10116: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10078:on 1 March 2017. 10074:. Archived from 10064: 10058: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10025:. 1 April 2009. 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10004: 9995:. Archived from 9981: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9910: 9904: 9897: 9891: 9885: 9879: 9873: 9867: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9826: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9797: 9788: 9781: 9775: 9737: 9731: 9724: 9718: 9711: 9705: 9704: 9699:, archived from 9689: 9683: 9682: 9674: 9668: 9667: 9659: 9653: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9634:, archived from 9619: 9613: 9606: 9600: 9593: 9587: 9580: 9574: 9567: 9561: 9554: 9548: 9529: 9523: 9516: 9510: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9490: 9482: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9448: 9442: 9428: 9422: 9421: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9321: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9261: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9241: 9234: 9226: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9193: 9168: 9167: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9126: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9020: 9014: 9004: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8921: 8913: 8904: 8903: 8883: 8875: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8719: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8636: 8628: 8611: 8610: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8415:"Britain, Roman" 8410: 8401: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8359: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8300: 8287: 8286: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8238: 8227: 8196: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8136: 8126: 8120: 8100:Lemke, Andreas: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8059: 8053: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7928: 7917: 7908: 7902: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7854: 7848: 7841: 7832: 7825: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7788: 7777: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7630: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7598: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7571:History Scotland 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7533: 7513: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7449: 7418:Celtic languages 7412: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7349:Dario Franchitti 7184:Laws of the Game 7056:early modern era 7052:Late Middle Ages 7034:European cuisine 7006:Scottish cuisine 6826: 6811: 6713:BBC One Scotland 6605:George MacDonald 6573:James Macpherson 6555:Welsh literature 6475:in 2023, whilst 6325:, earning him a 6303:flushing toilets 6253:John Logie Baird 6248: 6225: 6175:are operated by 6094: 6018:Banking Act 2009 6011:Banking Act 2009 5995:Bank of Scotland 5915:air conditioning 5895:Bank of Scotland 5820: 5802: 5776:steel industries 5755:Bank of Scotland 5588:Parliament House 5568:Court of Session 5536:medieval sources 5529: 5361:arrives back at 5348:Highland Brigade 5302:regiment of the 5257:Royal Scots Navy 5234:main battle tank 5130:local government 5104:Local government 4800:Welsh Government 4769: 4743: 4625:. The Labour MP 4595:House of Commons 4559:Duke of Rothesay 4557:, and the title 4519: 4503:King Charles III 4499: 4187:, also known as 4088: 4084: 4071:Highland English 3707: 3697: 3654: 3644: 3582: 3570: 3569: 3355:activities like 3324:lies within the 3294:Scottish wildcat 3280:, the UK's only 3203:Scottish Borders 3098:Southern Uplands 3067:Central Lowlands 2877:crown dependency 2783:Smith Commission 2682:Community Charge 2649:Duke of Hamilton 2605:Sir Douglas Haig 2519:George MacDonald 2372:House of Hanover 2332:Colonial America 2289:Scots Parliament 2236:House of Hanover 2183:Statutes of Iona 2171:the Protectorate 2129:abdicate in 1567 2121:Scots Confession 2061:King of Scotland 2012:House of Stewart 1996:House of Balliol 1969:Robert the Bruce 1924:Wallace Monument 1788:Court of Session 1693: 1681: 1622:Great Conspiracy 1535: 1533: 1504: 1502: 1472: 1470: 1453: 1451: 1434:Southern Uplands 1391:Callanish Stones 1335:Callanish Stones 1307:hunter-gatherers 1299:human habitation 1259:Late Middle Ages 1248: 1224: 1215: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1175: 1125:Southern Uplands 1092:, existing on a 1082:Scottish English 1074:Scottish culture 1066:education system 975:only land border 859: 835: 803: 802: 796: 795: 789: 778: 777: 771: 770: 764: 730: 712: 702: 674: 673: 622:19 November 1998 246: 245: 243: 242: 241: 236: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 205: 204: 202: 201: 200: 195: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 136: 125: 124: 88: 74: 61: 53: 47: 39: 28: 27: 30181: 30180: 30176: 30175: 30174: 30172: 30171: 30170: 30116: 30115: 30106: 30104: 30100: 30097: 30092: 30089: 30087: 30085: 30084: 30082: 30077: 30076: 30063: 30041: 30020:Solomon Islands 29937: 29907: 29853: 29835: 29714: 29697: 29688: 29651: 29607: 29440: 29420: 29403: 29394: 29373: 29333: 29322: 29308: 29303: 29273: 29268: 29261: 29254: 29247: 29240: 29233: 29226: 29218: 29211: 29200: 29193: 29186: 29179: 29174:Misuse of drugs 29172: 29165: 29158: 29151: 29144: 29137: 29126: 29119: 29112: 29105: 29098: 29091: 29084: 29077: 29070: 29059: 29052: 29045: 29038: 29031: 29024: 29017: 29010: 29003: 28992: 28983: 28978: 28948: 28943: 28922: 28915:Black Caribbean 28898: 28856: 28850:White and Asian 28829: 28821:(Scotland only) 28815:(Scotland only) 28794:(Scotland only) 28773: 28764: 28734: 28729: 28680:Saint Helenians 28566: 28538: 28533: 28503: 28494: 28450:English Gypsies 28419: 28388: 28350: 28331:Scottish Gaelic 28312: 28271: 28223: 28165: 28142: 28130: 28077: 28073:Isles of Scilly 28014:Channel Islands 27991: 27955: 27927: 27877: 27822: 27817: 27787: 27782: 27765: 27621:Argyll and Bute 27592: 27448:Argyll and Bute 27419: 27410: 27380: 27375: 27244: 26733: 26222: 25711: 25200: 24689: 24178: 23667: 23606: 23095: 22584: 22577: 22547: 22542: 22518: 22465: 22450: 22392: 22388:Early Scots law 22377:Early Irish law 22363: 22338: 22315:Scottish Gaelic 22309: 22250:Proto-Brittonic 22222: 22218:Beurla Reagaird 22194: 22190:Scottish Gaelic 22166: 22138: 22121: 22117:Columba Project 22097:Celtic Congress 22078: 22043: 22017: 21938: 21919: 21880:Gaelic handball 21870:Gaelic football 21855:Cornish hurling 21814: 21724: 21683: 21630: 21609: 21595:Gaelic clothing 21578: 21493: 21452: 21413:Manx literature 21370: 21347: 21326:Other claimants 21321: 21226: 21176:Celtic Congress 21152: 21135: 21031:Celtic calendar 21009: 20968: 20907: 20803: 20790: 20777: 20763:Welsh Americans 20683:Irish Catholics 20678:Irish Canadians 20658:Irish Americans 20616: 20590:Celtic diaspora 20585: 20519: 20448: 20440: 20427: 20394: 20385: 20350: 20342: 20337: 20324: 20317: 20300: 20199: 20151: 20137:Scottish Gaelic 20104: 20009:Performing arts 19884: 19759: 19755:Police Scotland 19658: 19639:Scotland Office 19485: 19446:Protected areas 19361: 19233: 19220: 19214: 19171: 19160: 19110: 19109: 19106: 19101: 19074:Watson, Fiona, 19013:(2001). 384 pp. 18991: 18989:Further reading 18981: 18959: 18940: 18935: 18934: 18924: 18922: 18909: 18908: 18904: 18894: 18892: 18879: 18878: 18874: 18864: 18862: 18852: 18848: 18838: 18836: 18827: 18826: 18822: 18812: 18810: 18800: 18796: 18790:Wayback Machine 18781: 18777: 18772: 18768: 18759: 18755: 18745: 18743: 18738: 18737: 18733: 18720: 18716: 18703: 18701: 18696: 18695: 18691: 18678: 18676: 18663: 18662: 18658: 18651: 18637: 18633: 18625: 18612: 18608: 18607: 18603: 18590: 18589: 18585: 18572: 18571: 18567: 18557: 18555: 18540: 18536: 18528: 18524: 18514: 18512: 18504: 18503: 18499: 18489: 18487: 18476: 18472: 18462: 18460: 18440: 18436: 18426: 18424: 18415: 18414: 18410: 18400: 18398: 18390: 18389: 18385: 18375: 18373: 18360: 18359: 18355: 18345: 18343: 18330: 18329: 18325: 18319:Wayback Machine 18310: 18306: 18296: 18294: 18285: 18284: 18280: 18271: 18270: 18266: 18256: 18254: 18253:. 21 March 2006 18245: 18244: 18240: 18229: 18225: 18215: 18213: 18205: 18204: 18200: 18191: 18187: 18178: 18174: 18160:Wayback Machine 18147: 18143: 18138: 18134: 18124: 18122: 18113: 18112: 18108: 18098:Wayback Machine 18089: 18085: 18075: 18073: 18060: 18059: 18055: 18045: 18043: 18030: 18029: 18025: 18015: 18013: 18012:on 5 March 2010 17996: 17995: 17991: 17981: 17979: 17966: 17965: 17961: 17948: 17947: 17943: 17933: 17931: 17918: 17917: 17913: 17903: 17901: 17897: 17893: 17892: 17885: 17868: 17867: 17863: 17853: 17851: 17846: 17845: 17841: 17831: 17829: 17816: 17815: 17811: 17801: 17799: 17790: 17789: 17785: 17768: 17767: 17760: 17743: 17742: 17738: 17731: 17709: 17705: 17674: 17670: 17663: 17643: 17639: 17619: 17615: 17598: 17594: 17577: 17573: 17556: 17552: 17535: 17531: 17514: 17510: 17493: 17489: 17472: 17468: 17451: 17447: 17432: 17428: 17413: 17409: 17399: 17397: 17388: 17387: 17383: 17373: 17371: 17359: 17355: 17342: 17341: 17337: 17324: 17323: 17319: 17306: 17305: 17301: 17291: 17289: 17280: 17279: 17275: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17256: 17255: 17248: 17238: 17236: 17233:"Glasgow Tower" 17231: 17230: 17226: 17216: 17214: 17209: 17208: 17204: 17163:(4459): 355–6. 17149: 17145: 17106: 17102: 17092: 17090: 17077: 17076: 17072: 17062: 17060: 17055: 17054: 17050: 17040: 17038: 17029: 17028: 17024: 17014: 17012: 17004: 17003: 16999: 16989: 16987: 16979: 16978: 16974: 16964: 16962: 16953: 16952: 16948: 16938: 16936: 16927: 16926: 16922: 16912: 16910: 16902: 16901: 16894: 16877: 16876: 16872: 16862: 16860: 16851: 16850: 16846: 16836: 16834: 16833:. 23 April 2018 16825: 16824: 16820: 16810: 16808: 16799: 16798: 16794: 16784: 16782: 16773: 16772: 16768: 16758: 16756: 16747: 16746: 16742: 16732: 16730: 16721: 16720: 16716: 16706: 16704: 16695: 16694: 16690: 16680: 16678: 16667: 16666: 16662: 16652: 16650: 16641: 16640: 16636: 16626: 16624: 16623:on 28 July 2020 16620: 16609: 16600: 16596: 16586: 16584: 16575: 16574: 16570: 16559: 16555: 16545: 16543: 16534: 16533: 16529: 16519: 16517: 16509: 16508: 16504: 16494: 16492: 16483: 16482: 16478: 16468: 16466: 16457: 16456: 16452: 16442: 16440: 16432: 16431: 16427: 16417: 16415: 16411: 16407: 16406: 16402: 16392: 16390: 16381: 16380: 16376: 16366: 16364: 16355: 16354: 16350: 16340: 16338: 16333: 16332: 16325: 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15535: 15533: 15520: 15519: 15515: 15510:Wayback Machine 15500: 15496: 15486: 15484: 15480: 15473: 15469: 15463: 15459: 15449: 15447: 15438: 15436: 15432: 15422: 15420: 15411: 15410: 15406: 15396: 15394: 15381: 15380: 15376: 15372:(2009), p. 211. 15367: 15363: 15355:Angus Konstam, 15354: 15350: 15340: 15338: 15325: 15324: 15320: 15310: 15308: 15295: 15294: 15290: 15280: 15278: 15270:BBC News Online 15263: 15262: 15258: 15249: 15245: 15235: 15233: 15220: 15219: 15215: 15205: 15203: 15196:www.army.mod.uk 15190: 15189: 15185: 15175: 15173: 15160: 15159: 15155: 15138: 15134: 15124: 15122: 15115: 15099: 15095: 15085: 15083: 15079: 15068: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15049: 15047: 15034: 15033: 15029: 15019: 15017: 15004: 15003: 14999: 14989: 14987: 14974: 14973: 14969: 14959: 14957: 14944: 14943: 14939: 14933:Wayback Machine 14924: 14920: 14910: 14908: 14895: 14894: 14890: 14880: 14878: 14863: 14859: 14849: 14847: 14832:Campbell, Glenn 14829: 14825: 14815: 14813: 14800: 14799: 14795: 14785: 14783: 14774: 14773: 14766: 14757: 14756: 14752: 14746:Wayback Machine 14737: 14730: 14726:, UK Government 14724:Wayback Machine 14715: 14711: 14701: 14699: 14686: 14685: 14681: 14668: 14667: 14663: 14653: 14651: 14636: 14632: 14622: 14620: 14607: 14606: 14602: 14592: 14590: 14575: 14571: 14561: 14559: 14546: 14545: 14541: 14531: 14529: 14514: 14510: 14504: 14465: 14461: 14447: 14445: 14426:Wincott, Daniel 14414:Dougan, Michael 14411: 14407: 14368: 14364: 14331:(4). Abingdon: 14312: 14308: 14289: 14261: 14257: 14239: 14237: 14212:(Oct). London: 14192:Dougan, Michael 14189: 14185: 14171: 14169: 14154: 14125: 14122: 14118: 14108: 14106: 14093: 14092: 14088: 14078: 14076: 14061: 14057: 14047: 14045: 14032: 14031: 14027: 14017: 14015: 14000: 13996: 13985:Wayback Machine 13974: 13970: 13960: 13952: 13950: 13925: 13921: 13911: 13909: 13902:parliament.scot 13896: 13895: 13891: 13881: 13879: 13866: 13865: 13861: 13851: 13849: 13832: 13828: 13819: 13817: 13812:, 6 June 2022, 13806: 13805: 13801: 13791: 13789: 13779: 13775: 13765: 13763: 13754: 13753: 13749: 13739: 13737: 13728: 13727: 13723: 13713: 13711: 13698: 13697: 13693: 13683: 13681: 13672: 13671: 13667: 13657: 13655: 13642: 13641: 13637: 13627: 13625: 13617: 13616: 13612: 13602: 13600: 13591: 13590: 13586: 13576: 13574: 13565: 13564: 13560: 13550: 13548: 13540: 13539: 13535: 13525: 13523: 13519: 13512: 13508: 13507: 13498: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13456: 13454: 13445: 13444: 13440: 13430: 13428: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13404: 13402: 13395:"International" 13393: 13392: 13388: 13378: 13376: 13375:on 22 July 2017 13367: 13366: 13362: 13352: 13350: 13337: 13336: 13332: 13322: 13320: 13311: 13310: 13306: 13296: 13294: 13286: 13285: 13281: 13271: 13269: 13260: 13259: 13255: 13245: 13243: 13230: 13229: 13225: 13215: 13213: 13200: 13199: 13192: 13182: 13180: 13167: 13166: 13162: 13152: 13150: 13141: 13140: 13136: 13126: 13124: 13111: 13110: 13106: 13096: 13094: 13081: 13080: 13076: 13066: 13064: 13051: 13050: 13046: 13036: 13034: 13021: 13020: 13016: 13006: 13004: 12995: 12994: 12990: 12980: 12978: 12965: 12961: 12951: 12949: 12940: 12939: 12935: 12925: 12923: 12918:. 5 July 2023. 12910: 12909: 12905: 12899:Wayback Machine 12890: 12883: 12873: 12871: 12867: 12860: 12856: 12855: 12848: 12838: 12836: 12832: 12828: 12827: 12823: 12813: 12811: 12806: 12805: 12801: 12791: 12789: 12788:on 28 June 2014 12780: 12779: 12775: 12769:Wayback Machine 12760: 12756: 12746: 12744: 12731: 12730: 12726: 12716: 12714: 12710: 12703: 12699: 12698: 12694: 12684: 12682: 12673: 12672: 12668: 12658: 12656: 12655:on 9 March 2013 12647: 12646: 12642: 12632: 12630: 12617: 12616: 12612: 12602: 12600: 12591: 12590: 12586: 12576: 12574: 12565: 12564: 12560: 12550: 12548: 12539: 12538: 12534: 12521: 12520: 12516: 12506: 12504: 12491: 12490: 12486: 12477: 12473: 12456: 12452: 12435: 12434: 12430: 12414:R. A. Houston, 12413: 12409: 12392: 12388: 12378: 12376: 12367: 12366: 12362: 12352: 12350: 12337: 12336: 12332: 12322: 12320: 12307: 12306: 12302: 12292: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12264: 12257: 12253: 12252: 12248: 12238: 12236: 12223: 12222: 12218: 12207: 12203: 12193: 12191: 12178: 12177: 12173: 12163: 12161: 12148: 12147: 12143: 12133: 12131: 12127: 12120: 12116: 12115: 12111: 12094: 12090: 12073: 12069: 12059: 12057: 12044: 12043: 12032: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 12006:on 23 July 2013 11994: 11993: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11968: 11967: 11963: 11953: 11951: 11942: 11941: 11937: 11914: 11913: 11909: 11899: 11897: 11888: 11881:Wayback Machine 11871:Wayback Machine 11861: 11857: 11845: 11841: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11818: 11814: 11813: 11806: 11796: 11794: 11781: 11780: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11757: 11753: 11752: 11748: 11738: 11736: 11728: 11727: 11723: 11713:Wayback Machine 11703: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11672: 11668: 11658: 11656: 11655:on 28 July 2020 11647: 11646: 11642: 11633: 11629: 11620: 11616: 11607: 11603: 11597:Wayback Machine 11588: 11584: 11578:Wayback Machine 11569: 11565: 11555: 11553: 11552:on 28 July 2020 11540: 11539: 11535: 11525: 11523: 11510: 11509: 11505: 11489: 11485: 11476: 11472: 11462: 11460: 11447: 11446: 11442: 11432: 11430: 11417: 11416: 11412: 11402: 11400: 11387: 11386: 11382: 11376:Wayback Machine 11367: 11363: 11353: 11351: 11336: 11332: 11322: 11320: 11311: 11310: 11306: 11296: 11294: 11285: 11284: 11277: 11267: 11265: 11256: 11255: 11248: 11233: 11211: 11207: 11198: 11194: 11185: 11181: 11172: 11168: 11158: 11156: 11152: 11141: 11137: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11107: 11106: 11102: 11092: 11090: 11077: 11076: 11072: 11062: 11060: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11029: 11025: 11015: 11013: 11004: 11003: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10974: 10973: 10969: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10939: 10934:. 29 May 2009. 10926: 10925: 10921: 10912: 10908: 10897: 10893: 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10862: 10846: 10842: 10836:British Mammals 10833: 10829: 10820: 10816: 10807: 10803: 10797:Wayback Machine 10788: 10784: 10767: 10763: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10726: 10725: 10721: 10711: 10709: 10700: 10699: 10692: 10682: 10680: 10671: 10670: 10666: 10656: 10654: 10645: 10644: 10640: 10630: 10628: 10613: 10609: 10590: 10588: 10579: 10578: 10574: 10561: 10557: 10541: 10537: 10521: 10517: 10507: 10505: 10496: 10495: 10488: 10478: 10476: 10467: 10466: 10462: 10452: 10450: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10403: 10399: 10389: 10387: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10367:Wayback Machine 10357: 10353: 10345: 10341: 10331: 10329: 10316: 10315: 10311: 10305:Wayback Machine 10296: 10292: 10282: 10280: 10265: 10261: 10251: 10249: 10234: 10233: 10229: 10219: 10217: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10189: 10187: 10177: 10173: 10163: 10161: 10148: 10147: 10143: 10133: 10131: 10124:The Independent 10118: 10117: 10113: 10103: 10101: 10096:. 4 July 1999. 10088: 10087: 10083: 10066: 10065: 10061: 10055:Wayback Machine 10046: 10042: 10032: 10030: 10017: 10016: 10012: 10002: 10000: 9985:Torrance, David 9982: 9978: 9968: 9966: 9953: 9952: 9948: 9938: 9936: 9911: 9907: 9898: 9894: 9886: 9882: 9874: 9870: 9853: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9828: 9827: 9820: 9810: 9808: 9799: 9798: 9791: 9782: 9778: 9773:Wayback Machine 9764:Wayback Machine 9751:Wayback Machine 9738: 9734: 9730:(2006), pp 1–33 9725: 9721: 9712: 9708: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9675: 9671: 9660: 9656: 9647: 9643: 9620: 9616: 9607: 9603: 9594: 9590: 9581: 9577: 9568: 9564: 9555: 9551: 9530: 9526: 9517: 9513: 9504: 9500: 9484: 9483: 9475: 9471: 9461: 9459: 9450: 9449: 9445: 9439:Wayback Machine 9429: 9425: 9418: 9404: 9400: 9377: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9352: 9351: 9347: 9336: 9322: 9318: 9308: 9306: 9293: 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9263: 9262: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9220: 9210: 9208: 9195: 9194: 9171: 9164: 9150: 9146: 9139: 9116: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9061: 9047: 9043: 9033: 9031: 9022: 9021: 9017: 9007:Marcus Merriman 9005: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8914: 8907: 8900: 8876: 8863: 8853: 8851: 8844: 8828: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8752: 8751: 8747: 8737: 8735: 8720: 8716: 8706: 8704: 8697:The Orkney News 8689: 8685: 8678: 8664: 8660: 8653: 8629: 8614: 8607: 8599:. p. 359. 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8560: 8559: 8555: 8546: 8544: 8529: 8525: 8515: 8513: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8478:. Independent. 8472: 8468: 8459: 8455: 8446: 8444: 8437: 8411: 8404: 8395: 8393: 8386: 8360: 8343: 8330: 8326: 8319: 8301: 8290: 8283: 8266: 8262: 8255: 8228: 8199: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8145: 8127: 8123: 8113:Wayback Machine 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8076: 8060: 8056: 8050:Wayback Machine 8036: 8032: 8022: 8020: 8007: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7962: 7960: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7915: 7909: 7905: 7881: 7877: 7867: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7842: 7835: 7826: 7815: 7805: 7803: 7790: 7789: 7780: 7770: 7768: 7761:Global Data Lab 7755: 7754: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7710: 7708: 7695: 7694: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7640:. 21 May 2024. 7632: 7631: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7600: 7599: 7590: 7580: 7578: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7543:. 21 May 2024. 7535: 7534: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7516: 7496:as part of the 7484:.scot is not a 7483: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7459: 7455: 7450: 7446: 7441: 7408: 7403: 7401: 7396:Scotland portal 7394: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7329:David Coulthard 7094:The Tartan Army 7082: 7076: 7008: 7002: 6959:St Andrew's Day 6889:, the nation's 6842: 6841: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835:national emblem 6827: 6819: 6818: 6812: 6801: 6795:Scottish people 6791: 6755: 6749: 6644:Carol Ann Duffy 6589:Waverley Novels 6531: 6511:Main articles: 6509: 6471:was one of the 6396: 6388:Main articles: 6386: 6381: 6350:UK Space Agency 6260: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6249: 6241: 6240: 6226: 6215: 6193: 6092: 6032: 6026: 6003:Clydesdale Bank 5976:Bank of England 5960: 5954: 5942:local authority 5923:local authority 5887: 5873: 5867: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5821: 5813: 5812: 5803: 5728: 5726:Scottish budget 5714: 5708: 5692:Police Scotland 5644:Police Scotland 5630:double jeopardy 5608:District courts 5494: 5488: 5461:RAF Lossiemouth 5457:Royal Air Force 5344:Lowland Brigade 5249:Treaty of Union 5223: 5215:Main articles: 5213: 5153:Police Scotland 5135:local elections 5112: 5106: 5034:Scottish Labour 4984:vary income tax 4938: 4930:Main articles: 4928: 4843:Nicola Sturgeon 4841:First Minister 4792: 4791: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4772:First Minister 4770: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4746:First Minister 4744: 4735: 4734: 4726: 4714:Main articles: 4712: 4685:Scottish Greens 4677:Scottish Labour 4667:, has been the 4615:Scotland Office 4571:chivalric order 4535: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4500: 4489: 4475: 4463:Main articles: 4461: 4411: 4401: 4395: 4329:may follow the 4327:private schools 4283:broad education 4263: 4257: 4243:monastery near 4181:national church 4140: 4134: 4086: 4082: 4059:Scottish Gaelic 4044:Scottish Gaelic 4033: 4027: 4022: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3655: 3649: 3645: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3513:Greater Glasgow 3505: 3491: 3418: 3413: 3411:Scottish people 3399: 3393: 3381:vascular plants 3371:planted beside 3236: 3228:Main articles: 3226: 3224:Flora and fauna 3136: 3130: 2930: 2924: 2869:Treaty of Perth 2819: 2813: 2792:. In 2022, the 2721: 2641:Clydebank Blitz 2598:First World War 2587:Clydebank Blitz 2561:A piper of the 2555: 2492:William Murdoch 2412:Waverley Novels 2401: 2395: 2352:Jacobite Stuart 2285:Treaty of Union 2272: 2266: 2264:Treaty of Union 2260: 2258:Treaty of Union 2242:. In 1698, the 2232:House of Orange 2219:House of Stuart 2203:Oliver Cromwell 2103:. In 1560, the 2050: 2042:Main articles: 2040: 1961:William Wallace 1932:William Wallace 1916: 1904:Main articles: 1902: 1857:Scottish Gaelic 1845:Battle of Largs 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1671: 1655:Main articles: 1653: 1530: 1519:Severan dynasty 1499: 1467: 1448: 1369: 1357:Main articles: 1355: 1311:last glaciation 1285: 1280: 1273: 1267: 1163: 1157: 1110:second language 1098:Scottish Gaelic 1058:domestic policy 1014:sovereign state 941:Scottish Gaelic 854: 851: 830: 800: 799: 798: 787: 775: 774: 773: 762: 750: 740: 728: 710: 700: 682: 667: 650: 640: 619: 606: 593: 580: 563: 485: 470: 440: 424: 415:Sovereign state 394: 352: 317: 316: 309: 301: 268: 267: 260: 239: 237: 233: 230: 225: 222: 220: 218: 217: 216: 198: 196: 192: 189: 184: 181: 179: 177: 176: 175: 154: 153: 146: 127: 126: 119: 115: 110:predominantly " 109: 96: 95: 94: 89: 81: 80: 75: 62: 58:Scottish Gaelic 55: 48: 41: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 30179: 30169: 30168: 30163: 30158: 30153: 30148: 30143: 30138: 30136:Celtic nations 30133: 30128: 30079: 30078: 30073: 30072: 30069: 30068: 30065: 30064: 30054: 30051: 30050: 30047: 30046: 30043: 30042: 30040: 30039: 30034: 30029: 30022: 30017: 30012: 30007: 30002: 29995: 29990: 29985: 29980: 29975: 29970: 29963: 29958: 29953: 29950:American Samoa 29945: 29943: 29939: 29938: 29936: 29935: 29930: 29923: 29915: 29913: 29909: 29908: 29906: 29905: 29900: 29895: 29890: 29885: 29878: 29871: 29863: 29861: 29855: 29854: 29852: 29851: 29843: 29841: 29837: 29836: 29834: 29833: 29828: 29823: 29818: 29813: 29808: 29803: 29798: 29793: 29788: 29783: 29778: 29773: 29768: 29763: 29758: 29753: 29748: 29743: 29738: 29733: 29728: 29722: 29720: 29716: 29715: 29713: 29712: 29700: 29694: 29693: 29690: 29689: 29687: 29686: 29679: 29676:Norfolk Island 29672: 29667: 29661: 29659: 29653: 29652: 29650: 29649: 29647:United Kingdom 29644: 29637: 29630: 29625: 29617: 29615: 29609: 29608: 29606: 29605: 29598: 29593: 29586: 29581: 29574: 29567: 29564:Sint Eustatius 29560: 29555: 29550: 29545: 29538: 29531: 29526: 29521: 29516: 29509: 29504: 29501:Cayman Islands 29497: 29492: 29485: 29478: 29473: 29468: 29463: 29458: 29450: 29448: 29442: 29441: 29439: 29438: 29430: 29428: 29422: 29421: 29419: 29418: 29406: 29396: 29395: 29393: 29392: 29387: 29381: 29379: 29375: 29374: 29372: 29371: 29366: 29361: 29359:British Empire 29356: 29351: 29345: 29343: 29335: 29334: 29324: 29323: 29313: 29310: 29309: 29302: 29301: 29294: 29287: 29279: 29270: 29269: 29267: 29266: 29259: 29252: 29245: 29238: 29231: 29224: 29216: 29208: 29206: 29202: 29201: 29199: 29198: 29191: 29184: 29177: 29170: 29163: 29156: 29149: 29142: 29134: 29132: 29128: 29127: 29125: 29124: 29117: 29110: 29103: 29096: 29089: 29082: 29075: 29067: 29065: 29061: 29060: 29058: 29057: 29050: 29043: 29036: 29029: 29022: 29015: 29008: 29005:United Kingdom 29000: 28998: 28994: 28993: 28988: 28985: 28984: 28977: 28976: 28969: 28962: 28954: 28945: 28944: 28942: 28941: 28936: 28930: 28928: 28924: 28923: 28921: 28920: 28917: 28912: 28908: 28906: 28900: 28899: 28897: 28896: 28893: 28887: 28882: 28877: 28872: 28866: 28864: 28858: 28857: 28855: 28854: 28851: 28848: 28843: 28839: 28837: 28831: 28830: 28828: 28827: 28822: 28816: 28810: 28805: 28800: 28795: 28792:White Scottish 28789: 28783: 28781: 28775: 28774: 28771:2021 UK Census 28763: 28762: 28755: 28748: 28740: 28731: 28730: 28728: 28727: 28722: 28717: 28712: 28707: 28702: 28697: 28692: 28687: 28682: 28677: 28672: 28667: 28665:Northern Irish 28662: 28657: 28655:Montserratians 28652: 28647: 28642: 28632: 28627: 28622: 28617: 28612: 28607: 28602: 28597: 28592: 28587: 28582: 28577: 28571: 28568: 28567: 28565: 28564: 28559: 28554: 28549: 28543: 28540: 28539: 28536:British people 28532: 28531: 28524: 28517: 28509: 28500: 28499: 28496: 28495: 28493: 28492: 28487: 28482: 28477: 28475:Northern Irish 28472: 28467: 28462: 28457: 28452: 28447: 28442: 28437: 28431: 28429: 28425: 28424: 28421: 28420: 28418: 28417: 28412: 28407: 28402: 28396: 28394: 28390: 28389: 28387: 28386: 28381: 28376: 28371: 28366: 28360: 28358: 28352: 28351: 28349: 28348: 28343: 28338: 28333: 28328: 28322: 28320: 28314: 28313: 28311: 28310: 28305: 28299: 28297: 28288: 28281: 28277: 28276: 28273: 28272: 28270: 28269: 28264: 28259: 28254: 28249: 28248: 28247: 28237: 28231: 28229: 28225: 28224: 28222: 28221: 28216: 28211: 28206: 28205: 28204: 28199: 28194: 28189: 28182:United Kingdom 28179: 28173: 28171: 28170:Current states 28167: 28166: 28164: 28163: 28157: 28155: 28148: 28136: 28135: 28132: 28131: 28129: 28128: 28127: 28126: 28121: 28116: 28109:United Kingdom 28106: 28101: 28096: 28091: 28085: 28083: 28079: 28078: 28076: 28075: 28070: 28069: 28068: 28063: 28056:Northern Isles 28053: 28048: 28043: 28042: 28041: 28036: 28026: 28021: 28016: 28010: 28008: 28001: 27997: 27996: 27993: 27992: 27990: 27989: 27984: 27979: 27974: 27969: 27963: 27961: 27957: 27956: 27954: 27953: 27948: 27943: 27937: 27935: 27929: 27928: 27926: 27925: 27919: 27914: 27909: 27903:United Kingdom 27900: 27894: 27892: 27883: 27879: 27878: 27876: 27875: 27874: 27873: 27868: 27863: 27858: 27853: 27848: 27843: 27833: 27827: 27824: 27823: 27816: 27815: 27808: 27801: 27793: 27784: 27783: 27770: 27767: 27766: 27764: 27763: 27758: 27753: 27748: 27743: 27741:South Ayrshire 27738: 27733: 27728: 27723: 27718: 27716:Orkney Islands 27713: 27708: 27706:North Ayrshire 27703: 27698: 27693: 27688: 27683: 27678: 27673: 27668: 27663: 27658: 27653: 27648: 27643: 27638: 27633: 27628: 27623: 27618: 27613: 27608: 27602: 27600: 27594: 27593: 27591: 27590: 27585: 27580: 27575: 27570: 27568:South Ayrshire 27565: 27560: 27555: 27550: 27545: 27540: 27535: 27533:North Ayrshire 27530: 27525: 27520: 27515: 27510: 27505: 27500: 27495: 27490: 27485: 27480: 27475: 27470: 27465: 27460: 27455: 27450: 27445: 27440: 27435: 27429: 27427: 27421: 27420: 27409: 27408: 27401: 27394: 27386: 27377: 27376: 27374: 27373: 27368: 27363: 27358: 27353: 27348: 27343: 27338: 27333: 27328: 27323: 27318: 27313: 27308: 27303: 27298: 27293: 27288: 27283: 27278: 27273: 27268: 27263: 27258: 27252: 27250: 27246: 27245: 27243: 27242: 27237: 27232: 27227: 27222: 27217: 27212: 27207: 27202: 27197: 27192: 27187: 27182: 27177: 27172: 27167: 27162: 27157: 27152: 27147: 27142: 27137: 27132: 27127: 27122: 27117: 27112: 27107: 27102: 27097: 27092: 27087: 27082: 27077: 27072: 27067: 27062: 27057: 27052: 27047: 27042: 27037: 27032: 27027: 27022: 27017: 27012: 27007: 27002: 26997: 26992: 26987: 26982: 26977: 26972: 26967: 26962: 26957: 26952: 26947: 26942: 26937: 26932: 26927: 26922: 26917: 26912: 26907: 26902: 26897: 26892: 26887: 26882: 26877: 26872: 26867: 26862: 26857: 26852: 26847: 26842: 26837: 26832: 26827: 26822: 26817: 26812: 26807: 26802: 26797: 26792: 26787: 26782: 26777: 26772: 26767: 26762: 26757: 26752: 26747: 26741: 26739: 26735: 26734: 26732: 26731: 26726: 26721: 26716: 26711: 26706: 26701: 26696: 26691: 26686: 26681: 26676: 26671: 26666: 26661: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26621: 26616: 26611: 26606: 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22452: 22451: 22449: 22448: 22443: 22438: 22433: 22428: 22423: 22418: 22413: 22408: 22406:Gaelic warfare 22402: 22400: 22394: 22393: 22391: 22390: 22385: 22382:Cyfraith Hywel 22379: 22373: 22371: 22365: 22364: 22348: 22347: 22344: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22337: 22336: 22331: 22329:Deeside Gaelic 22326: 22320: 22318: 22311: 22310: 22308: 22307: 22302: 22300:Hispano-Celtic 22297: 22292: 22287: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22267: 22262: 22257: 22255:Proto-Goidelic 22252: 22247: 22241: 22239: 22230: 22224: 22223: 22221: 22220: 22215: 22210: 22204: 22202: 22196: 22195: 22193: 22192: 22187: 22182: 22176: 22174: 22168: 22167: 22165: 22164: 22159: 22154: 22148: 22146: 22140: 22139: 22127: 22126: 22123: 22122: 22120: 22119: 22114: 22109: 22107:Celtic society 22104: 22102:Celtic Revival 22099: 22094: 22088: 22086: 22080: 22079: 22077: 22076: 22070:United Ireland 22067: 22062: 22057: 22051: 22049: 22045: 22044: 22042: 22041: 22036: 22031: 22025: 22023: 22019: 22018: 22016: 22015: 22014: 22013: 22003: 22002: 22001: 21991: 21986: 21981: 21976: 21975: 21974: 21964: 21963: 21962: 21957: 21946: 21944: 21940: 21939: 21929: 21928: 21925: 21924: 21921: 21920: 21918: 21917: 21915:Welsh handball 21912: 21907: 21902: 21897: 21895:Highland games 21892: 21887: 21882: 21877: 21867: 21862: 21857: 21852: 21845: 21840: 21835: 21828: 21822: 21820: 21816: 21815: 21813: 21812: 21807: 21802: 21797: 21792: 21787: 21782: 21781: 21780: 21771: 21762: 21753: 21738: 21736: 21730: 21729: 21726: 21725: 21723: 21722: 21717: 21712: 21707: 21702: 21697: 21691: 21689: 21682: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21640: 21638: 21632: 21631: 21629: 21628: 21623: 21621:Gaelic culture 21617: 21615: 21611: 21610: 21608: 21607: 21602: 21600:Highland dress 21597: 21592: 21586: 21584: 21580: 21579: 21577: 21576: 21571: 21566: 21564:Pictish stones 21561: 21556: 21551: 21546: 21541: 21536: 21531: 21526: 21521: 21520: 21519: 21509: 21503: 21501: 21495: 21494: 21492: 21491: 21486: 21481: 21476: 21471: 21466: 21460: 21458: 21454: 21453: 21451: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21395: 21390: 21384: 21382: 21372: 21371: 21361: 21360: 21357: 21356: 21353: 21352: 21349: 21348: 21346: 21345: 21340: 21335: 21329: 21327: 21323: 21322: 21320: 21319: 21307: 21295: 21283: 21271: 21259: 21246: 21244: 21234: 21225: 21224: 21223: 21222: 21217: 21207: 21202: 21201: 21200: 21190: 21189: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21168: 21166:Celtic nations 21163: 21161:Celtic Revival 21157: 21154: 21153: 21141: 21140: 21137: 21136: 21134: 21133: 21128: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21103: 21098: 21093: 21088: 21083: 21078: 21073: 21068: 21063: 21058: 21053: 21048: 21043: 21038: 21033: 21028: 21023: 21017: 21015: 21011: 21010: 21008: 21007: 21002: 20997: 20992: 20987: 20982: 20976: 20974: 20970: 20969: 20967: 20966: 20961: 20956: 20951: 20946: 20941: 20936: 20934:Celtic Animism 20931: 20929:Celtic deities 20926: 20921: 20915: 20913: 20909: 20908: 20906: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20888:Cisalpine Gaul 20885: 20884: 20883: 20878: 20860: 20851: 20826: 20817: 20815:Gaelic Ireland 20811: 20809: 20805: 20804: 20792: 20791: 20784: 20782: 20779: 20778: 20776: 20775: 20770: 20765: 20760: 20755: 20750: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20730: 20725: 20720: 20715: 20713:Manx Americans 20710: 20705: 20700: 20695: 20690: 20688:Irish Chileans 20685: 20680: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20660: 20655: 20653:English people 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20624: 20622: 20618: 20617: 20615: 20614: 20612:Welsh diaspora 20609: 20604: 20602:Irish diaspora 20599: 20593: 20591: 20587: 20586: 20584: 20583: 20582: 20581: 20580: 20579: 20568: 20563: 20562: 20561: 20545: 20540: 20535: 20529: 20527: 20521: 20520: 20518: 20517: 20512: 20507: 20502: 20497: 20492: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20456: 20454: 20442: 20441: 20429: 20428: 20409:Celtic studies 20401:Celtic nations 20399: 20396: 20395: 20384: 20383: 20376: 20369: 20361: 20355: 20352: 20351: 20339: 20338: 20336: 20335: 20330: 20323: 20322: 20314: 20313: 20310: 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President 19712: 19707: 19702: 19684: 19674: 19668: 19666: 19660: 19659: 19657: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19606: 19605: 19604: 19594: 19593: 19592: 19587: 19577: 19572: 19571: 19570: 19560: 19559: 19558: 19548: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19531:First Minister 19528: 19523: 19517: 19515: 19506: 19497: 19491: 19490: 19487: 19486: 19484: 19483: 19478: 19476:Municipalities 19473: 19468: 19463: 19458: 19453: 19448: 19443: 19442: 19441: 19431: 19426: 19421: 19416: 19411: 19406: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19375: 19369: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19243: 19241: 19235: 19234: 19232: 19231: 19225: 19222: 19221: 19219: articles 19213: 19212: 19205: 19198: 19190: 19184: 19183: 19168: 19142: 19132: 19123: 19120:Visit Scotland 19117: 19105: 19104:External links 19102: 19100: 19099: 19089:Wormald, Jenny 19086: 19081:Wilson, Neil. 19079: 19072: 19064:, Yale, 2008, 19055: 19045: 19036: 19021: 19014: 19007: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18985: 18979: 18963: 18957: 18939: 18936: 18933: 18932: 18902: 18872: 18846: 18820: 18794: 18775: 18766: 18753: 18731: 18714: 18689: 18656: 18649: 18643:. Bloomsbury. 18631: 18601: 18583: 18565: 18534: 18522: 18497: 18478:Gail Kilgore. 18470: 18434: 18421:www.nts.org.uk 18408: 18383: 18353: 18323: 18304: 18278: 18264: 18238: 18223: 18198: 18185: 18172: 18141: 18132: 18106: 18083: 18053: 18040:Fáilte Ireland 18023: 17989: 17959: 17941: 17911: 17883: 17861: 17839: 17809: 17783: 17758: 17736: 17729: 17703: 17668: 17661: 17637: 17635:, pp. 137–138. 17613: 17611:, pp. 256–257. 17592: 17571: 17557:N. Jayapalan, 17550: 17529: 17508: 17487: 17466: 17445: 17426: 17407: 17381: 17353: 17335: 17330:HeraldScotland 17317: 17299: 17273: 17246: 17224: 17202: 17143: 17100: 17083:Les Prix Nobel 17070: 17048: 17022: 16997: 16972: 16946: 16920: 16892: 16870: 16844: 16818: 16792: 16766: 16740: 16714: 16703:. 2 March 2023 16688: 16677:. 1 April 2022 16660: 16634: 16594: 16568: 16553: 16527: 16502: 16489:www.hial.co.uk 16476: 16450: 16425: 16400: 16374: 16348: 16323: 16297: 16275: 16241: 16208: 16182: 16157: 16127: 16091: 16065: 16054:on 31 May 2014 16039: 16013: 16002:on 31 May 2014 15987: 15950: 15919: 15893: 15863: 15837: 15813: 15783: 15753: 15726: 15709:www.sps.gov.uk 15696: 15666: 15636: 15603: 15573: 15543: 15513: 15494: 15457: 15430: 15404: 15387:www.raf.mod.uk 15374: 15361: 15348: 15318: 15301:News.bbc.co.uk 15288: 15256: 15243: 15213: 15183: 15153: 15132: 15113: 15093: 15057: 15027: 14997: 14980:www.ons.gov.uk 14967: 14937: 14918: 14888: 14857: 14823: 14793: 14764: 14750: 14728: 14709: 14679: 14661: 14630: 14600: 14589:on 31 May 2010 14569: 14539: 14508: 14502: 14459: 14422:McEwen, Nicola 14405: 14362: 14306: 14287: 14255: 14196:McEwen, Nicola 14183: 14152: 14116: 14086: 14055: 14025: 13994: 13968: 13919: 13889: 13859: 13826: 13799: 13773: 13747: 13721: 13691: 13665: 13635: 13610: 13584: 13558: 13533: 13496: 13464: 13438: 13412: 13386: 13360: 13330: 13304: 13279: 13253: 13223: 13190: 13160: 13134: 13104: 13074: 13044: 13014: 12988: 12959: 12933: 12903: 12881: 12846: 12821: 12810:. Gro-gov.scot 12799: 12773: 12754: 12737:HeraldScotland 12724: 12692: 12666: 12640: 12610: 12599:on 22 May 2012 12584: 12558: 12532: 12514: 12484: 12471: 12450: 12428: 12407: 12386: 12360: 12330: 12300: 12278: 12246: 12216: 12201: 12171: 12141: 12130:on 2 June 2021 12109: 12088: 12067: 12030: 12017: 11987: 11961: 11935: 11907: 11864:US Census 2000 11855: 11839: 11804: 11774: 11746: 11721: 11697: 11666: 11640: 11627: 11614: 11601: 11582: 11563: 11533: 11503: 11483: 11470: 11440: 11410: 11380: 11361: 11330: 11304: 11275: 11246: 11231: 11205: 11192: 11179: 11166: 11130: 11100: 11070: 11040: 11023: 10997: 10967: 10949: 10919: 10906: 10891: 10879: 10860: 10840: 10827: 10814: 10801: 10782: 10761: 10753:Fraser Darling 10745: 10719: 10690: 10664: 10649:. Met Office. 10638: 10607: 10572: 10555: 10535: 10515: 10486: 10460: 10434: 10415:(4): 407–422. 10397: 10371: 10351: 10339: 10309: 10290: 10259: 10227: 10197: 10171: 10141: 10111: 10081: 10059: 10040: 10010: 9976: 9946: 9905: 9892: 9890:, p. 240. 9880: 9878:, p. 168. 9868: 9847: 9818: 9789: 9776: 9754:Niall Ferguson 9732: 9719: 9706: 9684: 9669: 9654: 9641: 9638:on 6 June 2011 9614: 9612:(1995), p. 43. 9601: 9588: 9575: 9562: 9549: 9524: 9511: 9498: 9469: 9443: 9423: 9416: 9398: 9387:(1): 100–102. 9371: 9345: 9334: 9316: 9286: 9253: 9218: 9169: 9163:978-0241304105 9162: 9144: 9137: 9119:Wormald, Jenny 9110: 9080: 9059: 9041: 9015: 8999: 8969: 8943: 8936: 8924:Wormald, Jenny 8905: 8898: 8886:Wormald, Jenny 8861: 8842: 8822: 8796: 8770: 8745: 8714: 8683: 8676: 8658: 8651: 8639:Wormald, Jenny 8612: 8605: 8583: 8553: 8523: 8493: 8466: 8453: 8435: 8402: 8384: 8341: 8324: 8317: 8288: 8281: 8269:Pryor, Francis 8260: 8253: 8241:Wormald, Jenny 8197: 8180: 8150: 8143: 8121: 8093: 8074: 8054: 8030: 8000: 7970: 7953:Outer Hebrides 7940: 7903: 7875: 7849: 7833: 7813: 7778: 7748: 7718: 7685: 7655: 7625: 7588: 7558: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7500:is also used. 7498:United Kingdom 7477: 7465: 7453: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7399: 7383: 7380: 7341:Jackie Stewart 7293:Highland games 7176:governing body 7117:FIFA World Cup 7078:Main article: 7075: 7072: 7060:French cuisine 7004:Main article: 7001: 6998: 6909:and the royal 6828: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6790: 6787: 6759:Celtic nations 6757:As one of the 6753:Celtic nations 6748: 6745: 6681:in Edinburgh, 6624:Sorley MacLean 6543:Auld Lang Syne 6508: 6505: 6461:Gerry Cinnamon 6411:Scottish music 6385: 6384:Scottish music 6382: 6380: 6377: 6346:space industry 6250: 6243: 6242: 6227: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6192: 6189: 6173:Northern Isles 6136:Budapest Metro 6128:Glasgow Subway 6091:there were 102 6025: 6022: 5984:clearing banks 5956:Main article: 5953: 5950: 5869:Main article: 5866: 5863: 5826:production at 5822: 5815: 5814: 5804: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5791:for the bank. 5772:heavy industry 5710:Main article: 5707: 5704: 5580:House of Lords 5490:Main article: 5487: 5484: 5422:Firth of Clyde 5212: 5209: 5205:letters patent 5108:Main article: 5105: 5102: 5100:binding vote. 5093:European Union 5083:Following the 4949:First Minister 4927: 4924: 4920:Nordic Council 4906:ties with the 4890:. In 2004 the 4808:Foreign Office 4771: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4752:George W. Bush 4745: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4711: 4708: 4700:first minister 4698:is led by the 4607:constituencies 4527:First Minister 4521: 4514: 4513: 4501: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4460: 4457: 4397:Main article: 4394: 4391: 4331:English system 4259:Main article: 4256: 4253: 4209:Roman Catholic 4136:Main article: 4133: 4130: 4103:Eastern Europe 4040:South Ayrshire 4029:Main article: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3843:South Ayrshire 3840: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3712: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3584: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3533:five new towns 3490: 3487: 3417: 3414: 3395:Main article: 3392: 3389: 3377:Fortingall Yew 3225: 3222: 3210:ocean currents 3147:Inner Hebrides 3132:Main article: 3129: 3126: 3048:Outer Hebrides 3044:Inner Hebrides 2926:Main article: 2923: 2920: 2865:Treaty of York 2838:Czech Republic 2815:Main article: 2812: 2809: 2720: 2717: 2621:Irish Catholic 2594:British effort 2583:parachute mine 2554: 2551: 2527:Celtic Revival 2523:Glasgow School 2433:British Empire 2397:Main article: 2394: 2391: 2380:pitched battle 2262:Main article: 2259: 2256: 2207:Lord Protector 2152:personal union 2109:Siege of Leith 2081:Margaret Tudor 2039: 2036: 1992:House of Comyn 1981:Pope John XXII 1901: 1898: 1869:Northern Isles 1861:Gaelic culture 1825:Scottish clans 1755:Northern Isles 1695: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1652: 1649: 1534: 193–211 1511:Firth of Forth 1507:Firth of Clyde 1503: 138–161 1496:Antoninus Pius 1475:Hadrian's Wall 1471: 117–138 1354: 1351: 1327:Northern Isles 1284: 1281: 1269:Main article: 1266: 1263: 1182:Philip Freeman 1159:Main article: 1156: 1153: 1106:revitalisation 1034:three kingdoms 1030:personal union 983:Atlantic Ocean 971:Northern Isles 955:United Kingdom 924: 923: 918: 912: 911: 906: 900: 899: 894: 888: 887: 884: 878: 877: 870: 866: 865: 852: 845: 842: 841: 828: 824: 823: 809: 805: 804: 790: 780: 779: 765: 755: 754: 751: 748: 745: 744: 741: 738: 735: 734: 731: 721: 720: 717: 716: 713: 707: 706: 703: 697: 696: 693: 687: 686: 683: 681:• Density 680: 677: 676: 668: 665: 662: 661: 655: 654: 651: 648: 645: 644: 641: 638: 635: 634: 628: 627: 624: 623: 620: 614: 611: 610: 607: 601: 598: 597: 596:3 October 1357 594: 588: 585: 584: 581: 575: 572: 571: 564: 558: 555: 554: 551: 550: 544: 543: 538: 534: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 519: 512: 511: 506: 499: 498: 492: 491: 486: 483:First Minister 480: 477: 476: 471: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 448: 442: 441: 439: 438: 433: 427: 425: 423: 422: 417: 411: 408: 407: 402: 396: 395: 393: 392: 389: 383: 377: 371: 365: 359: 353: 351: 350: 349: 348: 345: 343:Roman Catholic 339: 326: 324: 314: 313: 312: 310: 307: 303: 302: 300: 299: 293: 287: 281: 275: 265: 264: 263: 261: 254: 248: 247: 211: 207: 206: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 149:United Kingdom 147:– in the 138: 137: 129: 128: 117: 116: 98: 97: 90: 83: 82: 76: 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 30178: 30167: 30164: 30162: 30159: 30157: 30154: 30152: 30149: 30147: 30146:Great Britain 30144: 30142: 30139: 30137: 30134: 30132: 30129: 30127: 30124: 30123: 30121: 30114: 30111: 30061: 30057: 30052: 30038: 30035: 30033: 30030: 30028: 30027: 30023: 30021: 30018: 30016: 30013: 30011: 30008: 30006: 30003: 30001: 30000: 29996: 29994: 29991: 29989: 29986: 29984: 29981: 29979: 29976: 29974: 29971: 29969: 29968: 29964: 29962: 29959: 29957: 29954: 29952: 29951: 29947: 29946: 29944: 29940: 29934: 29931: 29929: 29928: 29924: 29922: 29921: 29917: 29916: 29914: 29910: 29904: 29901: 29899: 29896: 29894: 29891: 29889: 29886: 29884: 29883: 29879: 29877: 29876: 29872: 29870: 29869: 29865: 29864: 29862: 29860: 29856: 29850: 29849: 29845: 29844: 29842: 29838: 29832: 29829: 29827: 29824: 29822: 29819: 29817: 29814: 29812: 29809: 29807: 29804: 29802: 29799: 29797: 29794: 29792: 29789: 29787: 29784: 29782: 29779: 29777: 29774: 29772: 29769: 29767: 29764: 29762: 29759: 29757: 29754: 29752: 29749: 29747: 29744: 29742: 29739: 29737: 29734: 29732: 29729: 29727: 29724: 29723: 29721: 29717: 29711: 29708: 29707: 29704: 29701: 29695: 29685: 29684: 29680: 29678: 29677: 29673: 29671: 29668: 29666: 29663: 29662: 29660: 29658: 29654: 29648: 29645: 29643: 29642: 29638: 29636: 29635: 29631: 29629: 29626: 29624: 29623: 29619: 29618: 29616: 29614: 29610: 29604: 29603: 29599: 29597: 29596:United States 29594: 29592: 29591: 29587: 29585: 29582: 29580: 29579: 29575: 29573: 29572: 29568: 29566: 29565: 29561: 29559: 29556: 29554: 29551: 29549: 29546: 29544: 29543: 29539: 29537: 29536: 29532: 29530: 29527: 29525: 29522: 29520: 29517: 29515: 29514: 29510: 29508: 29505: 29503: 29502: 29498: 29496: 29493: 29491: 29490: 29486: 29484: 29483: 29479: 29477: 29474: 29472: 29469: 29467: 29464: 29462: 29459: 29457: 29456: 29452: 29451: 29449: 29447: 29443: 29437: 29436: 29432: 29431: 29429: 29427: 29423: 29417: 29414: 29413: 29410: 29407: 29401: 29397: 29391: 29388: 29386: 29383: 29382: 29380: 29376: 29370: 29367: 29365: 29362: 29360: 29357: 29355: 29352: 29350: 29347: 29346: 29344: 29340: 29336: 29332:Further links 29329: 29325: 29311: 29307: 29300: 29295: 29293: 29288: 29286: 29281: 29280: 29277: 29264: 29260: 29257: 29253: 29250: 29246: 29243: 29239: 29236: 29232: 29229: 29225: 29221: 29217: 29214: 29210: 29209: 29207: 29203: 29196: 29192: 29189: 29185: 29182: 29178: 29175: 29171: 29168: 29164: 29161: 29157: 29154: 29150: 29147: 29143: 29140: 29136: 29135: 29133: 29129: 29122: 29118: 29115: 29111: 29108: 29104: 29101: 29097: 29094: 29090: 29087: 29083: 29080: 29076: 29073: 29069: 29068: 29066: 29064:Member bodies 29062: 29055: 29051: 29048: 29044: 29041: 29037: 29034: 29030: 29027: 29023: 29020: 29016: 29013: 29009: 29006: 29002: 29001: 28999: 28995: 28991: 28986: 28982: 28975: 28970: 28968: 28963: 28961: 28956: 28955: 28952: 28940: 28937: 28935: 28932: 28931: 28929: 28925: 28918: 28916: 28913: 28911:Black African 28910: 28909: 28907: 28905: 28901: 28894: 28891: 28888: 28886: 28883: 28881: 28878: 28876: 28873: 28871: 28868: 28867: 28865: 28863: 28859: 28852: 28849: 28847: 28844: 28841: 28840: 28838: 28836: 28832: 28826: 28823: 28820: 28817: 28814: 28811: 28809: 28806: 28804: 28801: 28799: 28796: 28793: 28790: 28788: 28787:White British 28785: 28784: 28782: 28780: 28776: 28772: 28768: 28761: 28756: 28754: 28749: 28747: 28742: 28741: 28738: 28726: 28723: 28721: 28718: 28716: 28713: 28711: 28708: 28706: 28703: 28701: 28700:Spanish Brits 28698: 28696: 28693: 28691: 28688: 28686: 28683: 28681: 28678: 28676: 28673: 28671: 28668: 28666: 28663: 28661: 28658: 28656: 28653: 28651: 28648: 28646: 28643: 28640: 28636: 28633: 28631: 28628: 28626: 28625:Gibraltarians 28623: 28621: 28618: 28616: 28613: 28611: 28608: 28606: 28603: 28601: 28598: 28596: 28593: 28591: 28588: 28586: 28583: 28581: 28578: 28576: 28573: 28572: 28569: 28563: 28560: 28558: 28555: 28553: 28550: 28548: 28545: 28544: 28541: 28537: 28530: 28525: 28523: 28518: 28516: 28511: 28510: 28507: 28491: 28488: 28486: 28483: 28481: 28478: 28476: 28473: 28471: 28468: 28466: 28463: 28461: 28458: 28456: 28453: 28451: 28448: 28446: 28443: 28441: 28438: 28436: 28433: 28432: 28430: 28426: 28416: 28413: 28411: 28408: 28406: 28403: 28401: 28398: 28397: 28395: 28391: 28385: 28382: 28380: 28377: 28375: 28372: 28370: 28367: 28365: 28362: 28361: 28359: 28357: 28353: 28347: 28344: 28342: 28339: 28337: 28334: 28332: 28329: 28327: 28324: 28323: 28321: 28319: 28315: 28309: 28306: 28304: 28301: 28300: 28298: 28296: 28292: 28289: 28285: 28282: 28278: 28268: 28265: 28263: 28260: 28258: 28255: 28253: 28250: 28246: 28243: 28242: 28241: 28238: 28236: 28233: 28232: 28230: 28228:Former states 28226: 28220: 28217: 28215: 28212: 28210: 28207: 28203: 28200: 28198: 28195: 28193: 28190: 28188: 28185: 28184: 28183: 28180: 28178: 28175: 28174: 28172: 28168: 28162: 28159: 28158: 28156: 28154:Island groups 28152: 28149: 28146: 28141: 28137: 28125: 28122: 28120: 28117: 28115: 28112: 28111: 28110: 28107: 28105: 28102: 28100: 28097: 28095: 28092: 28090: 28087: 28086: 28084: 28080: 28074: 28071: 28067: 28064: 28062: 28059: 28058: 28057: 28054: 28052: 28049: 28047: 28044: 28040: 28037: 28035: 28032: 28031: 28030: 28027: 28025: 28024:Great Britain 28022: 28020: 28017: 28015: 28012: 28011: 28009: 28007:Island groups 28005: 28002: 27998: 27988: 27985: 27983: 27980: 27978: 27975: 27973: 27970: 27968: 27965: 27964: 27962: 27958: 27952: 27949: 27947: 27944: 27942: 27939: 27938: 27936: 27934: 27930: 27923: 27920: 27918: 27915: 27913: 27910: 27908: 27904: 27901: 27899: 27896: 27895: 27893: 27891: 27887: 27884: 27880: 27872: 27869: 27867: 27864: 27862: 27859: 27857: 27854: 27852: 27849: 27847: 27844: 27842: 27839: 27838: 27837: 27834: 27832: 27829: 27828: 27825: 27821: 27820:British Isles 27814: 27809: 27807: 27802: 27800: 27795: 27794: 27791: 27781: 27777: 27773: 27768: 27762: 27759: 27757: 27754: 27752: 27749: 27747: 27744: 27742: 27739: 27737: 27734: 27732: 27729: 27727: 27724: 27722: 27719: 27717: 27714: 27712: 27709: 27707: 27704: 27702: 27699: 27697: 27694: 27692: 27689: 27687: 27684: 27682: 27679: 27677: 27674: 27672: 27669: 27667: 27664: 27662: 27659: 27657: 27654: 27652: 27649: 27647: 27644: 27642: 27641:East Ayrshire 27639: 27637: 27634: 27632: 27629: 27627: 27624: 27622: 27619: 27617: 27614: 27612: 27611:Aberdeenshire 27609: 27607: 27606:Aberdeen City 27604: 27603: 27601: 27599: 27595: 27589: 27586: 27584: 27581: 27579: 27576: 27574: 27571: 27569: 27566: 27564: 27561: 27559: 27556: 27554: 27551: 27549: 27546: 27544: 27541: 27539: 27536: 27534: 27531: 27529: 27526: 27524: 27521: 27519: 27516: 27514: 27511: 27509: 27506: 27504: 27501: 27499: 27496: 27494: 27491: 27489: 27486: 27484: 27481: 27479: 27476: 27474: 27471: 27469: 27468:East Ayrshire 27466: 27464: 27461: 27459: 27456: 27454: 27451: 27449: 27446: 27444: 27441: 27439: 27438:Aberdeenshire 27436: 27434: 27433:Aberdeen City 27431: 27430: 27428: 27426: 27425:Council areas 27422: 27418: 27414: 27407: 27402: 27400: 27395: 27393: 27388: 27387: 27384: 27372: 27369: 27367: 27364: 27362: 27359: 27357: 27354: 27352: 27349: 27347: 27344: 27342: 27339: 27337: 27334: 27332: 27329: 27327: 27324: 27322: 27319: 27317: 27314: 27312: 27309: 27307: 27304: 27302: 27299: 27297: 27294: 27292: 27289: 27287: 27284: 27282: 27279: 27277: 27274: 27272: 27269: 27267: 27264: 27262: 27259: 27257: 27254: 27253: 27251: 27247: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27231: 27228: 27226: 27223: 27221: 27218: 27216: 27213: 27211: 27208: 27206: 27203: 27201: 27198: 27196: 27193: 27191: 27188: 27186: 27183: 27181: 27178: 27176: 27173: 27171: 27168: 27166: 27163: 27161: 27158: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27141: 27138: 27136: 27133: 27131: 27128: 27126: 27123: 27121: 27118: 27116: 27113: 27111: 27108: 27106: 27103: 27101: 27098: 27096: 27093: 27091: 27088: 27086: 27083: 27081: 27078: 27076: 27073: 27071: 27068: 27066: 27063: 27061: 27058: 27056: 27053: 27051: 27048: 27046: 27043: 27041: 27038: 27036: 27033: 27031: 27028: 27026: 27023: 27021: 27018: 27016: 27013: 27011: 27008: 27006: 27003: 27001: 26998: 26996: 26993: 26991: 26988: 26986: 26983: 26981: 26978: 26976: 26973: 26971: 26968: 26966: 26963: 26961: 26958: 26956: 26953: 26951: 26948: 26946: 26943: 26941: 26938: 26936: 26933: 26931: 26928: 26926: 26923: 26921: 26918: 26916: 26913: 26911: 26908: 26906: 26903: 26901: 26898: 26896: 26893: 26891: 26888: 26886: 26883: 26881: 26878: 26876: 26873: 26871: 26868: 26866: 26863: 26861: 26858: 26856: 26853: 26851: 26848: 26846: 26843: 26841: 26838: 26836: 26833: 26831: 26828: 26826: 26823: 26821: 26818: 26816: 26813: 26811: 26808: 26806: 26803: 26801: 26798: 26796: 26793: 26791: 26788: 26786: 26783: 26781: 26778: 26776: 26773: 26771: 26768: 26766: 26763: 26761: 26758: 26756: 26753: 26751: 26748: 26746: 26743: 26742: 26740: 26736: 26730: 26727: 26725: 26722: 26720: 26717: 26715: 26712: 26710: 26707: 26705: 26702: 26700: 26697: 26695: 26692: 26690: 26687: 26685: 26682: 26680: 26677: 26675: 26672: 26670: 26667: 26665: 26662: 26660: 26657: 26655: 26652: 26650: 26647: 26645: 26642: 26640: 26637: 26635: 26632: 26630: 26627: 26625: 26622: 26620: 26617: 26615: 26612: 26610: 26607: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26595: 26592: 26590: 26587: 26585: 26582: 26580: 26577: 26575: 26572: 26570: 26567: 26565: 26562: 26560: 26557: 26555: 26552: 26550: 26547: 26545: 26542: 26540: 26537: 26535: 26532: 26530: 26527: 26525: 26522: 26520: 26517: 26515: 26512: 26510: 26507: 26505: 26502: 26500: 26497: 26495: 26492: 26490: 26487: 26485: 26482: 26480: 26477: 26475: 26472: 26470: 26467: 26465: 26462: 26460: 26457: 26455: 26452: 26450: 26447: 26445: 26442: 26440: 26437: 26435: 26432: 26430: 26427: 26425: 26422: 26420: 26417: 26415: 26412: 26410: 26407: 26405: 26402: 26400: 26397: 26395: 26392: 26390: 26387: 26385: 26382: 26380: 26377: 26375: 26372: 26370: 26367: 26365: 26362: 26360: 26357: 26355: 26352: 26350: 26347: 26345: 26342: 26340: 26337: 26335: 26332: 26330: 26327: 26325: 26322: 26320: 26317: 26315: 26312: 26310: 26307: 26305: 26302: 26300: 26297: 26295: 26292: 26290: 26287: 26285: 26282: 26280: 26277: 26275: 26272: 26270: 26267: 26265: 26262: 26260: 26257: 26255: 26252: 26250: 26247: 26245: 26242: 26240: 26237: 26235: 26232: 26231: 26229: 26225: 26219: 26216: 26214: 26211: 26209: 26206: 26204: 26201: 26199: 26196: 26194: 26191: 26189: 26186: 26184: 26181: 26179: 26176: 26174: 26171: 26169: 26166: 26164: 26161: 26159: 26156: 26154: 26151: 26149: 26146: 26144: 26141: 26139: 26136: 26134: 26131: 26129: 26126: 26124: 26121: 26119: 26116: 26114: 26111: 26109: 26106: 26104: 26101: 26099: 26096: 26094: 26091: 26089: 26086: 26084: 26081: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26044: 26041: 26039: 26036: 26034: 26031: 26029: 26026: 26024: 26021: 26019: 26016: 26014: 26011: 26009: 26006: 26004: 26001: 25999: 25996: 25994: 25991: 25989: 25986: 25984: 25981: 25979: 25976: 25974: 25971: 25969: 25966: 25964: 25961: 25959: 25956: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25934: 25931: 25929: 25926: 25924: 25921: 25919: 25916: 25914: 25911: 25909: 25906: 25904: 25901: 25899: 25896: 25894: 25891: 25889: 25886: 25884: 25881: 25879: 25876: 25874: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25854: 25851: 25849: 25846: 25844: 25841: 25839: 25836: 25834: 25831: 25829: 25826: 25824: 25821: 25819: 25816: 25814: 25811: 25809: 25806: 25804: 25801: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25789: 25786: 25784: 25781: 25779: 25776: 25774: 25771: 25769: 25766: 25764: 25761: 25759: 25756: 25754: 25751: 25749: 25746: 25744: 25741: 25739: 25736: 25734: 25731: 25729: 25726: 25724: 25721: 25720: 25718: 25714: 25708: 25705: 25703: 25700: 25698: 25695: 25693: 25690: 25688: 25685: 25683: 25680: 25678: 25675: 25673: 25670: 25668: 25665: 25663: 25660: 25658: 25655: 25653: 25650: 25648: 25645: 25643: 25640: 25638: 25635: 25633: 25630: 25628: 25625: 25623: 25620: 25618: 25615: 25613: 25610: 25608: 25605: 25603: 25600: 25598: 25595: 25593: 25590: 25588: 25585: 25583: 25580: 25578: 25575: 25573: 25570: 25568: 25565: 25563: 25560: 25558: 25555: 25553: 25550: 25548: 25545: 25543: 25540: 25538: 25535: 25533: 25530: 25528: 25525: 25523: 25520: 25518: 25515: 25513: 25510: 25508: 25505: 25503: 25500: 25498: 25495: 25493: 25490: 25488: 25485: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25465: 25463: 25460: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25403: 25400: 25398: 25395: 25393: 25390: 25388: 25385: 25383: 25380: 25378: 25375: 25373: 25370: 25368: 25365: 25363: 25360: 25358: 25355: 25353: 25350: 25348: 25345: 25343: 25340: 25338: 25335: 25333: 25330: 25328: 25325: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25293: 25290: 25288: 25285: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25275: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25263: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25225: 25223: 25220: 25218: 25215: 25213: 25210: 25209: 25207: 25203: 25197: 25194: 25192: 25189: 25187: 25184: 25182: 25179: 25177: 25174: 25172: 25169: 25167: 25164: 25162: 25159: 25157: 25154: 25152: 25149: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25132: 25129: 25127: 25124: 25122: 25119: 25117: 25114: 25112: 25109: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25097: 25094: 25092: 25089: 25087: 25084: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25022: 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24889: 24887: 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24867: 24864: 24862: 24859: 24857: 24854: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24844: 24842: 24839: 24837: 24834: 24832: 24829: 24827: 24824: 24822: 24819: 24817: 24814: 24812: 24809: 24807: 24804: 24802: 24799: 24797: 24794: 24792: 24789: 24787: 24784: 24782: 24779: 24777: 24774: 24772: 24769: 24767: 24764: 24762: 24759: 24757: 24754: 24752: 24749: 24747: 24744: 24742: 24739: 24737: 24734: 24732: 24729: 24727: 24724: 24722: 24719: 24717: 24714: 24712: 24709: 24707: 24704: 24702: 24699: 24698: 24696: 24692: 24686: 24683: 24681: 24678: 24676: 24673: 24671: 24668: 24666: 24663: 24661: 24658: 24656: 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24296: 24293: 24291: 24288: 24286: 24283: 24281: 24278: 24276: 24273: 24271: 24268: 24266: 24263: 24261: 24258: 24256: 24253: 24251: 24248: 24246: 24243: 24241: 24238: 24236: 24233: 24231: 24228: 24226: 24223: 24221: 24218: 24216: 24213: 24211: 24208: 24206: 24203: 24201: 24198: 24196: 24193: 24191: 24188: 24187: 24185: 24181: 24175: 24172: 24170: 24167: 24165: 24162: 24160: 24157: 24155: 24152: 24150: 24147: 24145: 24142: 24140: 24137: 24135: 24132: 24130: 24127: 24125: 24122: 24120: 24117: 24115: 24112: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24095: 24092: 24090: 24087: 24085: 24082: 24080: 24077: 24075: 24072: 24070: 24067: 24065: 24062: 24060: 24057: 24055: 24052: 24050: 24047: 24045: 24042: 24040: 24037: 24035: 24032: 24030: 24027: 24025: 24022: 24020: 24017: 24015: 24012: 24010: 24007: 24005: 24002: 24000: 23997: 23995: 23992: 23990: 23987: 23985: 23982: 23980: 23977: 23975: 23972: 23970: 23967: 23965: 23962: 23960: 23957: 23955: 23952: 23950: 23947: 23945: 23942: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23927: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23912: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23887: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23870: 23867: 23865: 23862: 23860: 23857: 23855: 23852: 23850: 23847: 23845: 23842: 23840: 23837: 23835: 23832: 23830: 23827: 23825: 23822: 23820: 23817: 23815: 23812: 23810: 23807: 23805: 23802: 23800: 23797: 23795: 23792: 23790: 23787: 23785: 23782: 23780: 23777: 23775: 23772: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23745: 23742: 23740: 23737: 23735: 23732: 23730: 23727: 23725: 23722: 23720: 23717: 23715: 23712: 23710: 23707: 23705: 23702: 23700: 23697: 23695: 23692: 23690: 23687: 23685: 23682: 23680: 23677: 23676: 23674: 23670: 23664: 23661: 23659: 23656: 23654: 23651: 23649: 23646: 23644: 23641: 23639: 23636: 23634: 23631: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23615: 23613: 23609: 23603: 23600: 23598: 23595: 23593: 23590: 23588: 23585: 23583: 23580: 23578: 23575: 23573: 23570: 23568: 23565: 23563: 23560: 23558: 23555: 23553: 23550: 23548: 23545: 23543: 23540: 23538: 23535: 23533: 23530: 23528: 23525: 23523: 23520: 23518: 23515: 23513: 23510: 23508: 23505: 23503: 23500: 23498: 23495: 23493: 23490: 23488: 23485: 23483: 23480: 23478: 23475: 23473: 23470: 23468: 23465: 23463: 23460: 23458: 23455: 23453: 23450: 23448: 23445: 23443: 23440: 23438: 23435: 23433: 23430: 23428: 23425: 23423: 23420: 23418: 23415: 23413: 23410: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23393: 23390: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23378: 23375: 23373: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23363: 23360: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23350: 23348: 23345: 23343: 23340: 23338: 23335: 23333: 23330: 23328: 23325: 23323: 23320: 23318: 23315: 23313: 23310: 23308: 23305: 23303: 23300: 23298: 23295: 23293: 23290: 23288: 23285: 23283: 23280: 23278: 23275: 23273: 23270: 23268: 23265: 23263: 23260: 23258: 23255: 23253: 23250: 23248: 23245: 23243: 23240: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23218: 23215: 23213: 23210: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23198: 23195: 23193: 23190: 23188: 23185: 23183: 23180: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23170: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23155: 23153: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23140: 23138: 23135: 23133: 23130: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23118: 23115: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23104: 23102: 23098: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23052: 23049: 23047: 23044: 23042: 23039: 23037: 23034: 23032: 23029: 23027: 23024: 23022: 23019: 23017: 23014: 23012: 23009: 23007: 23004: 23002: 22999: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22984: 22982: 22979: 22977: 22974: 22972: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22947: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22937: 22934: 22932: 22929: 22927: 22924: 22922: 22919: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22894: 22892: 22889: 22887: 22884: 22882: 22879: 22877: 22874: 22872: 22869: 22867: 22864: 22862: 22859: 22857: 22854: 22852: 22849: 22847: 22844: 22842: 22839: 22837: 22834: 22832: 22829: 22827: 22824: 22822: 22819: 22817: 22814: 22812: 22809: 22807: 22804: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22617: 22614: 22612: 22609: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22593: 22591: 22587: 22583:(843–present) 22582: 22574: 22569: 22567: 22562: 22560: 22555: 22554: 22551: 22538: 22534: 22532: 22529: 22528: 22525: 22515: 22514:– in Portugal 22512: 22510: 22507: 22505: 22502: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22494:– in Galician 22492: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22471: 22468: 22461: 22457: 22447: 22444: 22442: 22439: 22437: 22434: 22432: 22429: 22427: 22424: 22422: 22419: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22403: 22401: 22399: 22395: 22389: 22386: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22374: 22372: 22370: 22366: 22362: 22358: 22353: 22349: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22321: 22319: 22316: 22312: 22306: 22303: 22301: 22298: 22296: 22293: 22291: 22288: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22278: 22276: 22273: 22271: 22268: 22266: 22263: 22261: 22258: 22256: 22253: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22242: 22240: 22238: 22234: 22231: 22229: 22225: 22219: 22216: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22206: 22205: 22203: 22201: 22197: 22191: 22188: 22186: 22183: 22181: 22178: 22177: 22175: 22173: 22169: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22149: 22147: 22145: 22141: 22137: 22132: 22128: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22100: 22098: 22095: 22093: 22092:Celtic League 22090: 22089: 22087: 22085: 22084:Pan-Celticism 22081: 22075: 22071: 22068: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22052: 22050: 22046: 22040: 22037: 22035: 22032: 22030: 22027: 22026: 22024: 22020: 22012: 22009: 22008: 22007: 22004: 22000: 21997: 21996: 21995: 21992: 21990: 21987: 21985: 21982: 21980: 21977: 21973: 21970: 21969: 21968: 21965: 21961: 21960:reunification 21958: 21956: 21953: 21952: 21951: 21948: 21947: 21945: 21941: 21934: 21930: 21916: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21901: 21898: 21896: 21893: 21891: 21888: 21886: 21883: 21881: 21878: 21875: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21850: 21846: 21844: 21841: 21839: 21836: 21834: 21833: 21829: 21827: 21824: 21823: 21821: 21817: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21779: 21775: 21772: 21770: 21766: 21763: 21761: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21748: 21745: 21744: 21743: 21740: 21739: 21737: 21735: 21731: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21711: 21708: 21706: 21703: 21701: 21698: 21696: 21693: 21692: 21690: 21686: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21642: 21641: 21639: 21637: 21633: 21627: 21624: 21622: 21619: 21618: 21616: 21612: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21588: 21587: 21585: 21581: 21575: 21574:Triple spiral 21572: 21570: 21567: 21565: 21562: 21560: 21557: 21555: 21552: 21550: 21547: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21525: 21522: 21518: 21515: 21514: 21513: 21510: 21508: 21505: 21504: 21502: 21500: 21496: 21490: 21487: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21475: 21472: 21470: 21467: 21465: 21462: 21461: 21459: 21455: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21394: 21393:Bardic Poetry 21391: 21389: 21386: 21385: 21383: 21381: 21377: 21373: 21366: 21362: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21334: 21331: 21330: 21328: 21324: 21316: 21311: 21308: 21304: 21299: 21296: 21292: 21287: 21284: 21280: 21275: 21272: 21268: 21263: 21260: 21256: 21251: 21248: 21247: 21245: 21242: 21241:Celtic League 21238: 21235: 21233: 21229: 21221: 21218: 21216: 21213: 21212: 21211: 21208: 21206: 21203: 21199: 21196: 21195: 21194: 21191: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21181:Celtic League 21179: 21177: 21174: 21173: 21172: 21171:Pan-Celticism 21169: 21167: 21164: 21162: 21159: 21158: 21155: 21151: 21146: 21142: 21132: 21129: 21126: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21084: 21082: 21079: 21077: 21074: 21072: 21071:Gaelicisation 21069: 21067: 21064: 21062: 21059: 21057: 21054: 21052: 21049: 21047: 21046:Celticisation 21044: 21042: 21039: 21037: 21034: 21032: 21029: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21018: 21016: 21012: 21006: 21003: 21001: 20998: 20996: 20993: 20991: 20988: 20986: 20983: 20981: 20978: 20977: 20975: 20971: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20957: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20925: 20922: 20920: 20917: 20916: 20914: 20910: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20894: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20882: 20879: 20877: 20873: 20869: 20866: 20865: 20864: 20861: 20859: 20855: 20854:Iron Age Gaul 20852: 20850: 20846: 20842: 20838: 20837:Roman Britain 20834: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20812: 20810: 20806: 20802: 20797: 20793: 20788: 20774: 20771: 20769: 20766: 20764: 20761: 20759: 20756: 20754: 20751: 20749: 20746: 20744: 20741: 20739: 20736: 20734: 20731: 20729: 20726: 20724: 20721: 20719: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20694: 20693:Irish Mexican 20691: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20625: 20623: 20619: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20594: 20592: 20588: 20578: 20574: 20573: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20560: 20556: 20555: 20554: 20551: 20550: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20530: 20528: 20526: 20522: 20516: 20513: 20511: 20508: 20506: 20503: 20501: 20498: 20496: 20493: 20491: 20488: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20457: 20455: 20452: 20447: 20443: 20439: 20434: 20430: 20426: 20422: 20418: 20417:Celtic tribes 20414: 20410: 20406: 20402: 20397: 20393: 20389: 20382: 20377: 20375: 20370: 20368: 20363: 20362: 20359: 20353: 20346: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20325: 20320: 20316: 20315: 20311: 20297: 20294: 20292: 20289: 20287: 20284: 20282: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20264:Baptist Union 20262: 20260: 20257: 20255: 20252: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20239: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20229: 20228: 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20215: 20214: 20212: 20210: 20206: 20196: 20193: 20191: 20188: 20186: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20171: 20168: 20167: 20165: 20162: 20158: 20154: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20133: 20130: 20128: 20125: 20124: 20122: 20120: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20107: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20084: 20081: 20077: 20074: 20073: 20072: 20069: 20065: 20064:national flag 20062: 20061: 20060: 20057: 20055: 20052: 20050: 20047: 20046: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19942: 19938: 19937: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19910: 19908: 19904: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19891: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19871: 19868: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19835: 19834:North Sea oil 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19782: 19779: 19776: 19774: 19770: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19710:Lord Advocate 19708: 19706: 19703: 19700: 19696: 19692: 19688: 19685: 19682: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19669: 19667: 19665: 19661: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19634:Republicanism 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19603: 19600: 19599: 19598: 19595: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19582: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19569: 19566: 19565: 19564: 19561: 19557: 19554: 19553: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19518: 19516: 19514: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19492: 19482: 19479: 19477: 19474: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19462: 19459: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19440: 19437: 19436: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19425: 19422: 19420: 19417: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19405: 19402: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19376: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19364: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19332:Enlightenment 19330: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19248: 19245: 19244: 19242: 19240: 19236: 19230: 19227: 19226: 19223: 19218: 19211: 19206: 19204: 19199: 19197: 19192: 19191: 19188: 19182: 19181:OpenStreetMap 19178: 19169: 19167: 19163: 19158: 19154: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19140: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19127: 19124: 19121: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19107: 19098: 19094: 19090: 19087: 19084: 19080: 19077: 19073: 19071: 19070:0-300-13686-2 19067: 19063: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19050: 19046: 19043: 19042: 19037: 19034: 19033:1-85109-440-7 19030: 19026: 19022: 19019: 19015: 19012: 19008: 19006: 19005:0-14-023004-1 19002: 18998: 18994: 18993: 18982: 18976: 18972: 18968: 18967:Sereny, Gitta 18964: 18960: 18954: 18950: 18946: 18942: 18941: 18920: 18916: 18912: 18906: 18890: 18886: 18882: 18881:"Medal Tally" 18876: 18861: 18857: 18850: 18834: 18830: 18824: 18809: 18805: 18798: 18791: 18787: 18784: 18779: 18770: 18763: 18757: 18741: 18735: 18728: 18724: 18718: 18711: 18699: 18693: 18686: 18674: 18670: 18666: 18660: 18652: 18650:9781472955678 18646: 18642: 18635: 18624: 18620: 18619: 18611: 18605: 18597: 18593: 18587: 18579: 18575: 18569: 18553: 18549: 18545: 18542:Gerhardt, W. 18538: 18531: 18526: 18511: 18507: 18501: 18485: 18481: 18474: 18459: 18455: 18451: 18450: 18445: 18438: 18422: 18418: 18412: 18397: 18393: 18387: 18371: 18367: 18363: 18357: 18341: 18337: 18333: 18327: 18320: 18316: 18313: 18308: 18293:. 11 May 2014 18292: 18288: 18282: 18274: 18268: 18252: 18248: 18242: 18234: 18227: 18212: 18208: 18202: 18195: 18189: 18182: 18176: 18169: 18168:1-86232-297-X 18165: 18161: 18157: 18154: 18153: 18145: 18136: 18120: 18116: 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D. S. Jack 17617: 17610: 17609:0-7486-1615-2 17606: 17602: 17596: 17589: 17588:0-7486-0276-3 17585: 17581: 17575: 17568: 17567:81-269-0041-5 17564: 17560: 17554: 17547: 17546:0-330-53997-3 17543: 17539: 17533: 17526: 17525:1-4051-1313-8 17522: 17518: 17512: 17505: 17504:1-85109-440-7 17501: 17497: 17491: 17484: 17483:0-7486-1615-2 17480: 17476: 17470: 17463: 17462:0-313-30054-2 17459: 17455: 17449: 17441: 17437: 17430: 17422: 17418: 17411: 17395: 17391: 17385: 17370: 17369: 17364: 17357: 17349: 17345: 17339: 17331: 17327: 17321: 17313: 17309: 17303: 17287: 17283: 17277: 17259: 17253: 17251: 17234: 17228: 17212: 17206: 17198: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17162: 17158: 17154: 17147: 17139: 17135: 17131: 17127: 17123: 17119: 17115: 17111: 17104: 17088: 17084: 17080: 17074: 17058: 17052: 17036: 17032: 17026: 17011: 17007: 17001: 16986: 16982: 16976: 16960: 16956: 16950: 16934: 16933:iberdrola.com 16930: 16924: 16909: 16905: 16899: 16897: 16888: 16884: 16883:The Telegraph 16880: 16874: 16858: 16854: 16848: 16832: 16828: 16822: 16806: 16802: 16796: 16780: 16776: 16770: 16754: 16750: 16744: 16728: 16727:www.spt.co.uk 16724: 16718: 16702: 16698: 16692: 16676: 16675: 16670: 16664: 16648: 16644: 16638: 16619: 16615: 16608: 16604: 16598: 16582: 16578: 16572: 16565: 16562: 16557: 16541: 16537: 16531: 16516: 16512: 16506: 16490: 16486: 16480: 16464: 16460: 16454: 16439: 16435: 16429: 16410: 16404: 16388: 16384: 16378: 16362: 16358: 16352: 16336: 16330: 16328: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16285: 16279: 16263: 16256: 16254: 16252: 16250: 16248: 16246: 16229: 16225: 16221: 16215: 16213: 16196: 16192: 16186: 16171: 16167: 16161: 16145: 16141: 16137: 16131: 16112: 16108: 16101: 16095: 16080: 16076: 16069: 16053: 16049: 16043: 16027: 16023: 16017: 16001: 15997: 15991: 15975: 15971: 15967: 15966:UK Trade Info 15963: 15957: 15955: 15938: 15934: 15930: 15923: 15907: 15903: 15897: 15881: 15877: 15873: 15867: 15851: 15847: 15841: 15834: 15830: 15826: 15823: 15817: 15801: 15797: 15796:www.sdi.co.uk 15793: 15787: 15771: 15767: 15763: 15757: 15741: 15737: 15730: 15714: 15710: 15706: 15700: 15684: 15680: 15676: 15670: 15654: 15650: 15646: 15640: 15624: 15620: 15616: 15610: 15608: 15591: 15587: 15583: 15577: 15561: 15558:. The Times. 15557: 15553: 15547: 15531: 15527: 15523: 15517: 15511: 15507: 15503: 15498: 15479: 15472: 15467: 15461: 15445: 15441: 15434: 15418: 15414: 15408: 15392: 15388: 15384: 15378: 15371: 15368:Andrew Marr, 15365: 15358: 15352: 15336: 15332: 15328: 15322: 15306: 15302: 15298: 15292: 15276: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15260: 15253: 15247: 15231: 15227: 15223: 15217: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15187: 15171: 15167: 15163: 15157: 15149: 15145: 15144: 15136: 15120: 15116: 15114:9781857530971 15110: 15106: 15105: 15097: 15078: 15074: 15067: 15061: 15045: 15041: 15037: 15036:"City status" 15031: 15015: 15011: 15007: 15001: 14985: 14981: 14977: 14971: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14941: 14934: 14930: 14927: 14922: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14892: 14876: 14872: 14868: 14861: 14845: 14841: 14837: 14833: 14827: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14797: 14781: 14777: 14771: 14769: 14760: 14754: 14747: 14743: 14740: 14735: 14733: 14725: 14721: 14718: 14713: 14697: 14693: 14689: 14683: 14675: 14671: 14665: 14649: 14645: 14641: 14634: 14618: 14614: 14610: 14604: 14588: 14584: 14580: 14573: 14557: 14553: 14549: 14543: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14512: 14506: 14499: 14493: 14488: 14484: 14481:(3). Oxford: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14470: 14463: 14456: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14427: 14423: 14419: 14418:Hayward, Katy 14415: 14409: 14402: 14396: 14391: 14388:: 1168–1190. 14387: 14384:(5). London: 14383: 14379: 14378: 14373: 14366: 14359: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14334: 14330: 14326: 14325: 14320: 14316: 14310: 14303: 14298: 14294: 14290: 14284: 14280: 14276: 14272: 14268: 14267: 14259: 14252: 14247: 14235: 14231: 14227: 14223: 14219: 14215: 14211: 14207: 14206: 14201: 14197: 14193: 14187: 14180: 14167: 14163: 14159: 14155: 14153:9781009158503 14149: 14145: 14141: 14137: 14133: 14132: 14120: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14074: 14070: 14066: 14059: 14043: 14039: 14035: 14029: 14013: 14009: 14005: 13998: 13991: 13987: 13986: 13982: 13979: 13972: 13964: 13949: 13945: 13941: 13937: 13936: 13930: 13923: 13907: 13903: 13899: 13893: 13877: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13847: 13843: 13842: 13837: 13830: 13815: 13811: 13810: 13803: 13788: 13784: 13777: 13761: 13757: 13751: 13735: 13731: 13725: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13695: 13679: 13675: 13669: 13653: 13649: 13645: 13639: 13624: 13620: 13614: 13598: 13594: 13588: 13572: 13568: 13562: 13547: 13543: 13537: 13518: 13511: 13505: 13503: 13501: 13481: 13474: 13468: 13452: 13448: 13442: 13426: 13422: 13416: 13400: 13396: 13390: 13374: 13370: 13364: 13348: 13344: 13340: 13334: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13267: 13263: 13257: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13227: 13211: 13207: 13203: 13197: 13195: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13149:. 5 July 2024 13148: 13144: 13138: 13122: 13118: 13114: 13108: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13078: 13062: 13058: 13057:UK Parliament 13054: 13048: 13032: 13028: 13027:UK Parliament 13024: 13018: 13003:on 3 May 2010 13002: 12998: 12992: 12976: 12972: 12971: 12963: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12921: 12917: 12913: 12907: 12900: 12896: 12893: 12888: 12886: 12866: 12859: 12853: 12851: 12831: 12825: 12809: 12803: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12770: 12766: 12763: 12758: 12742: 12738: 12734: 12728: 12709: 12702: 12696: 12680: 12676: 12670: 12654: 12650: 12644: 12628: 12624: 12620: 12614: 12598: 12594: 12588: 12572: 12568: 12562: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12528: 12524: 12518: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12488: 12481: 12475: 12468: 12467:0-7486-1625-X 12464: 12460: 12454: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12432: 12425: 12424:0-521-89088-8 12421: 12417: 12411: 12404: 12403:1-84384-096-0 12400: 12396: 12390: 12374: 12370: 12364: 12348: 12344: 12340: 12334: 12318: 12314: 12310: 12304: 12288: 12282: 12263: 12256: 12250: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12220: 12213: 12212: 12205: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12145: 12126: 12119: 12113: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12085: 12084:0-903903-24-5 12081: 12077: 12071: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12041: 12039: 12037: 12035: 12027: 12021: 12005: 12001: 12000:12.statcan.ca 11997: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11965: 11949: 11945: 11939: 11931: 11927: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11911: 11895: 11891: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11865: 11859: 11852: 11851:Sunday Herald 11848: 11843: 11824: 11817: 11811: 11809: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11778: 11763: 11756: 11750: 11735: 11731: 11725: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11707: 11701: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11670: 11654: 11650: 11644: 11637: 11631: 11624: 11618: 11611: 11605: 11598: 11594: 11591: 11586: 11579: 11575: 11572: 11567: 11551: 11547: 11543: 11537: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11507: 11501: 11497: 11493: 11487: 11480: 11474: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11414: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11384: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11365: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11334: 11318: 11314: 11308: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11280: 11263: 11259: 11253: 11251: 11242: 11238: 11234: 11232:9780748630639 11228: 11225:ff., 179 ff. 11224: 11219: 11218: 11209: 11202: 11196: 11189: 11183: 11176: 11173:E. Richards, 11170: 11151: 11147: 11146:www.gla.ac.uk 11140: 11134: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11104: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11074: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11044: 11037: 11036:The Telegraph 11033: 11027: 11011: 11007: 11001: 10985: 10981: 10977: 10971: 10964: 10960: 10959: 10953: 10937: 10933: 10929: 10923: 10916: 10910: 10902: 10895: 10888: 10883: 10867: 10863: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10844: 10837: 10831: 10824: 10818: 10811: 10805: 10798: 10794: 10791: 10786: 10779: 10778:1-85410-978-2 10775: 10771: 10765: 10758: 10754: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10695: 10678: 10674: 10668: 10652: 10648: 10642: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10611: 10604: 10600: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10569: 10565: 10559: 10553: 10552:0-00-211135-7 10549: 10545: 10539: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10519: 10503: 10499: 10493: 10491: 10474: 10470: 10464: 10448: 10444: 10438: 10430: 10426: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10409: 10401: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10368: 10364: 10361: 10355: 10348: 10343: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10313: 10306: 10302: 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6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6946:Scots Wha Hae 6942: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6907:Scottish clan 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6891:floral emblem 6888: 6884: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6844:The image of 6836: 6832: 6831:spear thistle 6825: 6817: 6810: 6800: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6783:Portarlington 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6648:Poet Laureate 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6632:Seamus Heaney 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6469:Calvin Harris 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6445:Amy Macdonald 6442: 6441:Lewis Capaldi 6438: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6391: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6335:Glasgow Tower 6332: 6331:Falkirk Wheel 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6295:refrigerators 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6254: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6224: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6188: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6113: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6089: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6074:Western Isles 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6052:Scotland has 6048:as the runway 6047: 6044: 6040: 6039:Barra Airport 6036: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5974:Although the 5969: 5966:Example of a 5964: 5959: 5949: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5934:East Ayrshire 5930: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5905: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5829: 5825: 5824:Scotch whisky 5819: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5780:North Sea oil 5777: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5763:Standard Life 5760: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5746:mixed economy 5744: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5652:Lord Advocate 5645: 5641: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5604:sheriff court 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5507:, houses the 5506: 5503:, the former 5502: 5498: 5493: 5486:Law and order 5483: 5481: 5480:Poseidon MRA1 5477: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5463:, located in 5462: 5458: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5278: 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chamber 4596: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4179:of 1560, the 4178: 4174: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4109:lived there. 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4078: 4076: 4075:Western Isles 4072: 4068: 4065:, with broad 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3948: 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3461: 3459: 3458:refrigeration 3453: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438:United States 3435: 3427: 3422: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3357:deer stalking 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3308:in 1975, the 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266:mountain hare 3263: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3199:Floors Castle 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175:Moscow region 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3091:Campsie Fells 3088: 3084: 3083:Arthur's Seat 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2937:Arthur's Seat 2934: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2858:Faroe Islands 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2801:Supreme Court 2798: 2795: 2794:Lord Advocate 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775:2011 election 2772: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2678:North Sea oil 2675: 2671: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609:Red Clydeside 2606: 2603: 2602:Field Marshal 2599: 2595: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2356:Presbyterians 2353: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2336:Tobacco Lords 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2297:Acts of Union 2294: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2271: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2252:Darien scheme 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2089:Great Britain 2086: 2085:Auld Alliance 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Bruce dynasty 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1953:Auld Alliance 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940:Alexander III 1938:The death of 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873:Norn language 1870: 1866: 1865:Scottish clan 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1735:Saint Columba 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1692: 1680: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1497: 1493: 1492:Antonine Wall 1488: 1487:to Scotland. 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 98–117 1446: 1443: 1442:Roman emperor 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:Highland line 1428:close to the 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1363:Roman Britain 1360: 1353:Early history 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331:Western Isles 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1278: 1272: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1207: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1111: 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rights 19394:Conservation 19384:Central Belt 19302:Early modern 19216: 19150: 19092: 19082: 19075: 19061: 19048: 19039: 19024: 19023:Koch, J. 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Barrie 6585:Walter Scott 6581:Robert Burns 6577:Ossian Cycle 6566: 6563:John Barbour 6548: 6539:Robert Burns 6521:Scottish art 6465:Paolo Nutini 6453:Nina Nesbitt 6435: 6431:Border pipes 6409: 6343: 6307:steam engine 6281: 6261: 6236:substance – 6181:DFDS Seaways 6159: 6148: 6130:is the only 6125: 6117:Forth Bridge 6088:Network Rail 6086: 6081: 6051: 6015: 6007:retail banks 5980:central bank 5973: 5946: 5931: 5900: 5839: 5835: 5740: 5689: 5681:Dorothy Bain 5669:prosecutions 5649: 5619: 5616: 5513: 5454: 5435: 5403: 5389: 5367: 5359:HMS Vanguard 5333:British Army 5307: 5300:Army Reserve 5288:Scots Guards 5281: 5277:private army 5265:British Army 5242: 5231:Challenger 2 5162: 5151: 5143:lord provost 5127: 5082: 5051: 5020:, forming a 5007: 4988: 4958: 4945:Donald Dewar 4856: 4816: 4793: 4774:John Swinney 4704:John Swinney 4693: 4650: 4575: 4536: 4523:John Swinney 4453: 4446: 4430:NHS Scotland 4427: 4418:NHS Scotland 4378:THE rankings 4347: 4316: 4306: 4290: 4276: 4230: 4206: 4201:Presbyterian 4173:Christianity 4170: 4151: 4111: 4091: 4079: 4048: 3895:West Lothian 3827:Renfrewshire 3670:Glasgow City 3627:Council area 3607:Council area 3560:Glasgow City 3557: 3529: 3525:Central Belt 3517:Central Belt 3506: 3489:Urbanisation 3483: 3462: 3454: 3431: 3391:Demographics 3334: 3298:red squirrel 3290:capercaillie 3259: 3255:golden eagle 3247: 3207: 3152: 3095: 3064: 3021: 3017:Last Ice Age 2967: 2957: 2893: 2862: 2846:Solway Firth 2831: 2797:Dorothy Bain 2787: 2771:Alex Salmond 2764:independence 2761: 2746: 2739:(left) with 2733:Donald Dewar 2719:21st century 2713:Donald Dewar 2687:Following a 2686: 2674:Silicon Glen 2666: 2661:Albert Speer 2657:Adolf Hitler 2629:Nazi Germany 2626: 2591: 2567:26th Brigade 2515:J. M. Barrie 2499: 2496:Walter Scott 2476: 2437: 2417: 2408:Walter Scott 2384: 2350:The deposed 2349: 2342:. Until the 2329: 2281: 2188: 2168: 2133: 2101:Rough Wooing 2066: 1985: 1957:Andrew Moray 1948:John Balliol 1937: 1849:Norse–Gaelic 1801: 1790:in 1532, at 1759: 1724: 1702: 1634: 1619: 1615:Schiehallion 1603:Beauly Firth 1597: 1554: 1489: 1485:Christianity 1478: 1460:Solway Firth 1414:Roman Empire 1410:incorporated 1407: 1400: 1296: 1292:Roman Empire 1286: 1254: 1250: 1238: 1234: 1233:, alongside 1226: 1189: 1165: 1164: 1114: 1062:legal system 1048:. In 1999 a 1028:, forming a 1007: 944: 936: 928: 927: 916:Internet TLD 892:Calling code 739:• Total 639:• Total 489:John Swinney 331:Christianity 210:Largest city 140: 101: 92:Coat of arms 25: 30105: / 29898:Philippines 29848:Puerto Rico 29806:South Sudan 29670:New Zealand 29634:Isle of Man 29553:Saint Lucia 29466:The Bahamas 29369:Anglosphere 29153:Environment 29026:Isle of Man 28880:Bangladeshi 28798:White Irish 28695:Shetlanders 28690:Scots Gaels 28635:Hongkongers 28630:Guernésiais 28575:Anglo-Irish 28547:Anglosphere 28374:Guernésiais 28219:Isle of Man 28104:Isle of Man 28051:Isle of Man 27951:Isle of Man 27836:Terminology 27636:Dundee City 27463:Dundee City 22446:Trimarcisia 22431:Gallóglaigh 22260:Celtiberian 21984:Isle of Man 21943:Nationalism 21832:Bataireacht 21751:Calan Gaeaf 21710:Isle of Man 21554:Leaf-crowns 21544:Insular art 21517:Dragonesque 21479:Isle of Man 21333:Nova Scotia 21286:Isle of Man 21210:Neopaganism 20959:Monasticism 20470:Caledonians 19785:Agriculture 19649:Nationalism 19568:LGBT rights 19471:Environment 19352:Romanticism 19307:Reformation 19297:Renaissance 19262:Middle Ages 19257:Roman times 19252:Prehistoric 19145:‹ The 18915:Cgcs.org.uk 18885:Cgcs.org.uk 17904:12 December 17854:28 December 17440:news.com.au 17400:11 February 17266:12 November 16935:. Iberdrola 15980:24 December 15943:24 December 15912:23 November 15006:"UK Cities" 14911:16 November 14881:16 November 14850:16 November 14485:: 635–660. 14335:: 491–509. 14216:: 650–676. 14109:16 November 13526:11 December 13339:"StackPath" 13127:18 December 13097:22 December 12074:L. Alcock, 11634:Macafee C. 11512:"New Towns" 11323:12 February 11083:Rbge.org.uk 10915:The Herald. 10283:14 December 9888:Sereny 1996 9608:C. H. Lee, 9569:D. Howell, 9462:20 November 9364:23 December 9211:16 November 9103:16 November 9034:27 November 8992:25 November 8962:27 November 8815:25 November 8447:16 November 8396:16 November 8364:"Caledonia" 7897:local state 7711:29 November 7325:Formula One 7313:Benny Lynch 7274:Six Nations 7248:Royal Troon 7088:Scotland's 6965:, although 6870:interregnum 6837:of Scotland 6684:The Courier 6620:Scots Makar 6559:Early Scots 6481:debut album 6477:Susan Boyle 6449:KT Tunstall 6366:Orbex Prime 6344:Scotland's 6299:MRI scanner 6272:Tidal power 6151:trunk roads 5907:electricity 5749:including: 5556:Brehon laws 5469:air defence 5404:Scotland's 5313:white paper 5177:Dunfermline 5076:chaired by 5012:led to the 4776:meets with 4756:White House 4543:Charles III 4245:Eskdalemuir 4191:) has been 4122:Scots-Irish 4053:: English, 3992:Cumbernauld 3924:Dunfermline 3793:Dundee City 3545:Cumbernauld 3353:field sport 3302:pine marten 3171:Scandinavia 3169:, southern 3163:Gulf Stream 3122:Wanlockhead 3071:rift valley 3052:Loch Lomond 3030:coast. The 3028:Moray Firth 2990:Precambrian 2960:Pleistocene 2948:Wanlockhead 2939:, Edinburgh 2873:Isle of Man 2842:River Tweed 2676:), and the 2645:Rudolf Hess 2573:, July 1916 2543:Art Nouveau 2484:Lord Kelvin 2456:Keir Hardie 2175:Covenanters 2113:Elizabeth I 2024:Black Death 2020:Reformation 2016:Middle Ages 1879:dialect on 1766:River Forth 1709:Anglo-Saxon 1577:Caledonians 1571:was called 1569:River Forth 1561:Cassius Dio 1438:Moray Firth 1231:River Forth 1218:Old English 1168:comes from 1040:, with the 869:Date format 797: 0.921 649:• Land 561:Established 537:Legislature 474:Charles III 322:no religion 238: / 197: / 30120:Categories 29983:Micronesia 29796:Somaliland 29741:The Gambia 29535:Montserrat 29139:Demography 29131:Work areas 28808:White Roma 28600:Caymanians 28590:Bermudians 28580:Anguillans 28384:Sercquiais 27776:population 27691:Midlothian 27686:Inverclyde 27518:Midlothian 27513:Inverclyde 22509:– in Italy 22411:Ceathairne 22275:Gallaecian 21905:Road bowls 21810:Eisteddfod 21778:Calan Awst 21774:Lughnasadh 21380:Literature 21243:definition 21066:Clan chief 20858:Roman Gaul 20849:Hen Ogledd 20575:including 20557:including 20247:Moderators 20190:Scientists 20076:regimental 20019:Placenames 20014:Philosophy 19989:Literature 19619:Parliament 19551:Government 19521:Devolution 19504:Government 19461:Ecoregions 19451:Waterfalls 19327:Jacobitism 18839:30 January 18704:4 December 18679:4 December 18515:17 January 18392:"About us" 18297:17 January 18257:3 November 18125:9 December 18076:23 January 18046:26 January 18016:23 January 17982:23 January 17802:28 October 17041:26 January 16733:22 January 16546:11 January 16540:www.gov.im 16201:17 January 16175:17 January 16150:31 October 16120:22 October 15746:4 February 15536:28 October 15450:22 October 15423:22 October 15040:Dca.gov.uk 15010:Dca.gov.uk 14990:17 January 14960:28 October 14748:, BBC News 14646:. London. 14532:18 January 14448:16 October 14352:1814/70296 14172:27 October 14048:27 October 13965:required.) 13953:4 November 13882:12 January 13820:13 October 13792:13 October 13730:"About us" 13684:27 January 13542:"Scotland" 13353:14 January 13317:ros.gov.uk 13272:11 January 13067:27 October 13037:27 October 12981:27 October 12926:27 October 12717:18 October 12685:18 October 12659:11 January 12603:18 October 12577:18 October 12379:18 October 12211:The Tablet 12105:086054138X 11900:5 February 11887:ancestry. 11853:newspaper. 11832:9 December 11159:11 January 11123:11 January 11113:www.nls.uk 11053:Snh.org.uk 10942:5 December 10872:10 January 10599:Altnaharra 10390:25 January 9876:Evans 2008 9854:J. Leasor 9648:E. Wills, 9556:K. Kumar, 9543:Fulltext: 9309:11 January 8854:17 October 8789:4 December 8595:. Oxford: 8307:. Oxford: 8273:Britain BC 8173:11 January 7860:. gov.uk. 7806:9 December 7581:17 January 7520:References 7512:is unused. 7502:ISO 3166-1 7321:motorsport 7266:test match 7240:Gleneagles 7236:Carnoustie 7215:St Andrews 7211:Old Course 6992:regulates 6979:Tartan Day 6883:Union Flag 6846:St. Andrew 6662:The Herald 6427:smallpipes 6419:pipe bands 6354:spaceports 6323:penicillin 6319:antibiotic 6287:television 6238:penicillin 6234:antibiotic 6028:See also: 5850:shortbread 5621:not proven 5600:Lawnmarket 5532:common law 5436:Resolution 5410:Royal Navy 5406:Scapa Flow 5261:Royal Navy 5253:Scots Army 5163:There are 5121:, seat of 5074:commission 5068:, and the 5046:commission 5040:, and the 5030:federalism 4964:John Smith 4960:Devolution 4955:since 1707 4785:Bute House 4653:unicameral 4646:committees 4627:Ian Murray 4609:under the 4591:convention 4530:since 2024 4510:since 2022 4241:Samyé Ling 4193:Protestant 4166:Inverclyde 3940:Glenrothes 3911:Inverclyde 3890:Livingston 3872:Coatbridge 3804:Kilmarnock 3549:Livingston 3541:Glenrothes 3493:See also: 3416:Population 3401:See also: 3365:indigenous 3341:coniferous 3286:vertebrate 3274:Scots pine 3181:, and the 3102:fault line 3042:, and the 3013:weathering 3002:Cairngorms 2982:Stonehaven 2900:Newtonmore 2565:leads the 2539:modern art 2488:James Watt 2228:Jacobitism 2156:Union Jack 2000:David II's 1798:until 1707 1770:River Spey 1637:Theodosius 1546:Roman army 1473:) erected 1456:River Tyne 1426:Gask Ridge 1376:Skara Brae 1315:Skara Brae 1283:Prehistory 1206:Late Latin 1112:speakers. 659:Population 617:Devolution 609:1 May 1707 509:Ian Murray 446:Government 400:Demonym(s) 223:55°51′40″N 182:55°57′11″N 141:– in 30058:shown in 29920:Gibraltar 29903:Singapore 29882:Hong Kong 29771:Mauritius 29665:Australia 29220:Taoiseach 29195:Transport 28875:Pakistani 28670:Orcadians 28364:Auregnais 28000:Geography 22579:Years in 22441:Redshanks 22416:Ceithearn 22144:Brittonic 22136:Languages 21769:Calan Mai 21760:Gŵyl Fair 21734:Festivals 21549:Interlace 20973:Mythology 20881:Gallaecia 20495:Galatians 20232:Christmas 20185:Musicians 20180:Inventors 20119:Languages 20095:Festivals 19935:Education 19860:Transport 19800:Companies 19795:Charities 19526:Elections 19414:Highlands 19367:Geography 19044:, (1897). 18969:(1996) . 18865:4 October 18558:11 August 18463:5 January 18427:7 January 18401:7 January 18346:17 August 17934:3 January 17832:17 August 17698:144358210 17538:Edinburgh 17527:, p. 108. 17506:, p. 999. 17464:, p. 508. 17374:3 January 17292:2 January 17286:Sdi.co.uk 17239:3 January 17217:3 January 17138:222048204 17063:3 January 17015:3 January 16990:7 October 16965:3 January 16939:3 January 16863:3 January 16857:Bbc.co.uk 16837:3 January 16831:Bbc.co.uk 16811:7 January 16785:7 January 16759:7 January 16520:3 January 16515:Caa.co.uk 16495:7 January 16469:7 January 16393:2 October 16367:7 January 16316:7 January 16290:7 January 16268:7 January 16234:7 January 15806:7 January 15776:7 January 15689:7 January 15659:7 January 15629:7 January 15397:7 January 15236:7 January 15206:7 January 15176:7 January 15125:7 January 15086:7 January 14583:The Times 14297:257877108 14271:Routledge 14222:0023-933X 14162:248929397 14018:3 January 13714:8 January 13593:"Members" 13551:17 August 13323:24 August 13297:24 August 12747:3 January 12353:7 January 12271:11 August 12239:1 October 11516:Bbc.co.uk 11492:Inverness 11354:14 August 11268:3 January 11241:647881331 10990:7 January 10429:0372-8854 9541:0018-2753 9487:cite book 8738:3 January 8707:3 January 8576:3 January 8516:7 January 8023:7 January 7993:6 January 7963:6 January 7933:6 January 7900:Scotland" 7771:15 August 7333:Jim Clark 7244:Muirfield 6854:William I 6551:Brythonic 6339:boat lift 6291:telephone 6268:wind farm 6062:Highlands 5991:banknotes 5938:dwellings 5810:North Sea 5735:Edinburgh 5660:the Crown 5626:acquittal 5594:with the 5520:civil law 5516:Roman law 5492:Scots law 5446:Gare Loch 5426:Holy Loch 5379:. Today, 5370:Holy Loch 5282:Numerous 5189:Inverness 5181:Edinburgh 4586:sovereign 4345:instead. 4343:AS-Levels 4255:Education 4171:Forms of 4116:descent. 4025:Languages 3736:Inverness 3720:Edinburgh 3681:Kirkcaldy 3657:Edinburgh 3509:Edinburgh 3507:Although 3434:Australia 3426:cartogram 3385:bryophyte 3373:Loch Fyne 3369:grand fir 3337:deciduous 3318:wild boar 3262:ptarmigan 3214:North Sea 3155:temperate 3075:Paleozoic 3056:Loch Ness 3032:Highlands 2916:River Tay 2908:Ben Nevis 2850:North Sea 2705:Edinburgh 2637:Edinburgh 2305:Edinburgh 2191:Whitehall 2186:in 1648. 2134:In 1603, 2028:Highlands 2004:Robert II 1889:feudalism 1853:Old Norse 1841:Haakon IV 1817:Caithness 1762:Kenneth I 1747:Old Norse 1716:Dál Riata 1611:Rohallion 1598:Geography 1595:, in his 1573:Caledonia 1412:into the 1395:Neolithic 1380:Neolithic 1343:Maes Howe 1323:Neolithic 1155:Etymology 1129:Ben Nevis 1117:Highlands 995:Edinburgh 991:Irish Sea 987:North Sea 882:Drives on 827:Time zone 801:very high 763:(2020–23) 729:(nominal) 675:5,439,842 548:Formation 453:within a 306:Religion 226:4°15′00″W 185:3°11′20″W 173:Edinburgh 30126:Scotland 30102:57°N 4°W 29973:Kiribati 29893:Pakistan 29840:Americas 29831:Zimbabwe 29816:Tanzania 29736:Eswatini 29731:Cameroon 29726:Botswana 29622:Guernsey 29507:Dominica 29471:Barbados 29455:Anguilla 29446:Americas 29342:Articles 29047:Scotland 29019:Guernsey 28890:Filipino 28645:Jersiais 28480:Scottish 28379:Jèrriais 28295:Germanic 28209:Guernsey 28197:Scotland 28119:Scotland 28066:Shetland 28029:Hebrides 27917:Scotland 27882:Politics 27871:Hibernia 27751:Stirling 27681:Highland 27598:Councils 27578:Stirling 27563:Shetland 27508:Highland 27417:Scotland 22581:Scotland 22426:Gaesatae 22317:dialects 22280:Lepontic 22270:Galatian 22172:Goidelic 22022:Autonomy 21937:Politics 21890:Rounders 21742:Calendar 21715:Scotland 21700:Cornwall 21695:Brittany 21583:Clothing 21534:Knotwork 21512:Brooches 21484:Scotland 21469:Cornwall 21464:Brittany 21343:Y Wladfa 21298:Scotland 21262:Cornwall 21250:Brittany 21101:Seanchaí 21096:Tanistry 21056:Derbfine 20985:Scottish 20876:Brittany 20872:Domnonée 20868:Armorica 20863:Britonia 20845:Dumnonia 20820:Dálriata 20505:Lepontii 20500:Helvetii 20485:Gallaeci 20328:Category 20276:Hinduism 20222:Buddhism 20209:Religion 20039:Surnames 19979:Identity 19974:Hogmanay 19952:Colleges 19810:Forestry 19745:Udal law 19654:Unionism 19609:Monarchs 19513:Politics 19495:Politics 19429:Lowlands 19247:Timeline 19217:Scotland 19177:Scotland 19162:Scotland 19147:template 19135:Scotland 19112:Scotland 19035:, 999pp. 18947:(2008). 18860:ESPN.com 18786:Archived 18746:1 August 18669:PGA Tour 18578:uefa.com 18458:60623878 18336:Scotland 18315:Archived 18251:BBC News 18170:, p. 10. 18156:Archived 18094:Archived 17874:BBC News 17826:Archived 17569:, p. 23. 17536:M. Fry, 17485:, p. 94. 17197:13271592 17130:12436980 17093:27 March 17010:Gov.scot 16674:BBC News 16627:29 April 16587:29 April 16418:31 March 16387:BBC News 16228:Archived 16170:Scotland 16144:Archived 16140:BBC News 16026:Archived 15974:Archived 15937:Archived 15906:Archived 15880:Archived 15825:Archived 15800:Archived 15770:Archived 15740:Archived 15683:Archived 15653:Archived 15623:Archived 15596:13 March 15590:Archived 15560:Archived 15530:Archived 15506:Archived 15391:Archived 15305:Archived 15275:Archived 15230:Archived 15200:Archived 15170:Archived 15119:Archived 15077:Archived 15044:Archived 15014:Archived 14984:Archived 14954:Archived 14929:Archived 14905:Archived 14901:BBC News 14875:Archived 14871:BBC News 14844:Archived 14840:BBC News 14810:Archived 14780:Archived 14742:Archived 14720:Archived 14696:Archived 14654:21 March 14648:Archived 14644:BBC News 14617:Archived 14613:BBC News 14526:Archived 14522:BBC News 14442:Archived 14428:(2020). 14234:Archived 14166:Archived 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April 11948:Archived 11877:Archived 11867:Archived 11823:Archived 11791:Archived 11709:Archived 11593:Archived 11574:Archived 11520:Archived 11457:Archived 11433:12 April 11427:Archived 11403:12 April 11397:Archived 11372:Archived 11348:Archived 11317:Archived 11291:Archived 11262:Archived 11150:Archived 11117:Archived 11087:Archived 11057:Archived 11034:London. 11016:26 April 10984:Archived 10936:Archived 10932:BBC News 10917:Glasgow. 10866:Archived 10793:Archived 10657:23 March 10651:Archived 10625:Archived 10621:STV News 10603:Highland 10384:Archived 10363:Archived 10326:Archived 10301:Archived 10277:Archived 10273:Sky News 10246:Archived 10220:1 August 10214:Archived 10210:BBC News 10190:1 August 10164:1 August 10158:Archived 10154:BBC News 10134:1 August 10128:Archived 10104:1 August 10098:Archived 10094:BBC News 10051:Archived 10027:Archived 10023:BBC News 9963:Archived 9959:Gov.scot 9933:Archived 9929:60623878 9866:, p. 15. 9840:1 August 9834:Archived 9811:1 August 9805:Archived 9769:Archived 9760:Archived 9747:Archived 9456:Archived 9435:Archived 9303:Archived 9279:23 March 9273:Archived 9205:Archived 9121:(2005). 9097:Archived 9028:Archived 8986:Archived 8956:Archived 8848:Archived 8809:Archived 8783:Archived 8763:9 August 8732:Archived 8701:Archived 8570:Archived 8541:archived 8510:Archived 8480:Archived 8441:archived 8390:archived 8271:(2003). 8233:(2005). 8167:Archived 8109:Archived 8080:Archived 8046:Archived 8017:Archived 7987:Archived 7957:Archived 7924:Archived 7862:Archived 7800:Archived 7765:Archived 7735:Archived 7705:Archived 7672:Archived 7642:Archived 7612:Archived 7575:Archived 7545:Archived 7488:, but a 7382:See also 7317:Jim Watt 7194:and the 7160:Scotland 7143:and the 6775:Brittany 6721:BBC Alba 6587:, whose 6575:, whose 6565:'s epic 6499:and the 6457:Chvrches 6429:and the 6404:Bagpipes 6333:and the 6305:and the 6162:Hebrides 6138:and the 6078:Loganair 6072:and the 6070:Shetland 6001:and the 5988:Sterling 5970:banknote 5952:Currency 5564:heraldic 5548:Shetland 5540:Udal law 5414:Cold War 5390:Vanguard 5336:infantry 5294:and the 5263:and the 5211:Military 5193:Stirling 5169:Aberdeen 5155:and the 4873:and the 4819:Brussels 4683:and the 4644:and its 4580:and the 4368:and the 4249:Buddhist 4237:Hinduism 4235:(2.2%), 4197:Reformed 4189:The Kirk 4132:Religion 4114:Scottish 3979:Stirling 3974:Stirling 3958:Hamilton 3906:Greenock 3759:Aberdeen 3754:Aberdeen 3741:Highland 3700:Aberdeen 3564:Highland 3479:Scottish 3345:moorland 3310:red kite 3167:Labrador 3114:Silurian 3036:Shetland 3009:Cuillins 2986:Cambrian 2963:ice ages 2912:Lochaber 2904:Badenoch 2885:Shetland 2762:The pro- 2743:(centre) 2535:Japonism 2501:Waverley 2428:Voltaire 2422:and the 2410:, whose 2340:Virginia 2319:and the 2291:and the 2142:and the 2057:James VI 2032:Lowlands 1967:, until 1928:Stirling 1881:Shetland 1863:and the 1837:Hebrides 1829:Somerled 1821:Hebrides 1813:Galloway 1705:Pictland 1579:and the 1538:Eboracum 1509:and the 1458:and the 1418:Agricola 1367:Pictland 1341:and the 1255:Scotland 1222:Scotland 1166:Scotland 1121:Lowlands 1102:Hebrides 1054:devolved 1018:James VI 969:and the 967:Hebrides 937:Scotland 929:Scotland 808:Currency 772: 33 524:(of 650) 436:Scotland 369:Buddhism 363:Hinduism 37:Scotland 32:Scotland 30060:italics 30037:Vanuatu 30026:Tokelau 29942:Oceania 29781:Nigeria 29776:Namibia 29761:Liberia 29756:Lesotho 29657:Oceania 29628:Ireland 29529:Jamaica 29519:Grenada 29482:Bermuda 29188:Tourism 29146:eHealth 29012:Ireland 28885:Chinese 28769:in the 28615:English 28610:Cornish 28445:English 28440:Cornish 28435:British 28356:Romance 28326:Cornish 28303:English 28280:Society 28187:England 28177:Ireland 28161:Ireland 28145:outline 28140:History 28114:England 28094:Ireland 28046:Ireland 27907:England 27898:Ireland 27861:Britain 27856:Prydain 27780:density 27666:Falkirk 27493:Falkirk 22479:Deities 22436:Hobelar 22398:Warfare 22361:Warfare 22295:Pictish 22290:Cumbric 22265:Gaulish 22237:Extinct 22157:Cornish 21955:history 21900:Hurling 21874:Ladies' 21865:Curling 21838:Camogie 21765:Beltane 21747:Samhain 21705:Ireland 21474:Ireland 21369:Culture 21338:England 21274:Ireland 21232:Nations 21131:Coinage 21121:Warfare 21014:Society 21005:Cornish 20995:British 20903:Galatia 20893:Balkans 20801:Studies 20538:Cornish 20533:Bretons 20510:Noricum 20465:Britons 20438:Peoples 20319:Outline 20291:Sikhism 20286:Judaism 20195:Writers 20175:Artists 20083:unicorn 20044:Symbols 19994:Museums 19947:Schools 19930:Cuisine 19907:Culture 19894:Society 19855:Tourism 19820:Housing 19805:Fishing 19773:Economy 19585:History 19439:Highest 19419:Islands 19409:Geology 19389:Climate 19272:Kingdom 19239:History 19149:below ( 19095:(2005) 19051:(2004) 18938:Sources 18490:29 July 17188:1023893 17165:Bibcode 16913:3 March 16707:3 March 16681:1 April 16006:12 June 15886:18 June 15359:(2009). 14816:24 June 14786:24 June 14623:21 June 14240:4 March 14230:4018581 14071:. BBC. 13912:15 July 13676:. BBC. 13658:17 July 13628:22 June 12426:, p. 5. 12164:28 June 11556:10 July 11297:4 April 11177:(2008). 10631:20 July 10566:(1990) 10508:11 June 10479:11 June 10453:11 June 10252:18 July 9939:27 June 9832:. BBC. 9803:. BBC. 9599:(1949). 9393:4248011 9072:in the 8954:. BBC. 8926:(ed.). 8888:(ed.). 8641:(ed.). 8243:(ed.). 8015:. BBC. 7372:Glasgow 7345:IndyCar 7297:curling 7164:England 7048:Irn-Bru 7030:British 7023:tatties 7000:Cuisine 6986:unicorn 6897:), the 6887:thistle 6874:saltire 6864:of the 6777:), the 6503:award. 6423:bellows 5978:is the 5919:tourism 5904:utility 5859:service 5808:in the 5784:service 5706:Economy 5582:). 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The 11767:7 June 11739:7 June 11659:27 May 11498: 11239: 11229: 10858: 10780:p. 12. 10776: 10564:et al. 10550: 10530: 10427: 9927: 9862: 9787:(1983) 9539: 9414: 9391: 9332: 9160: 9135: 9057: 8934: 8896: 8840: 8674: 8649: 8603: 8547:30 May 8486:6 July 8433: 8382: 8315: 8279: 8251: 8141: 8137:. WN. 8072: 7890: 7741:14 May 7678:15 May 7648:28 May 7618:7 June 7551:21 May 7508:, but 7490:GeoTLD 7339:, and 7305:boxing 7301:shinty 7246:, and 7139:, the 7135:, the 7131:, the 7127:, the 7123:, the 7119:, the 7074:Sports 7042:spices 7015:Haggis 6903:tartan 6833:, the 6527:, and 6495:, the 6297:, the 6289:, the 6276:MeyGen 6211:, and 6093: 6066:Orkney 5997:, the 5993:: the 5986:issue 5883:, and 5846:whisky 5753:, the 5724:, and 5694:. The 5602:. The 5560:courts 5552:Celtic 5544:Orkney 5530:, and 5438:-class 5392:-class 5290:, the 5271:. 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The 1445:Trajan 1365:, and 1347:Orkney 1319:Orkney 1239:Albany 1227:Scotia 1212:Scotia 1201:σκότος 1195:skotos 909:GB-SCT 788:(2021) 786: 761: 727: 522:57 MPs 341:13.3% 335:20.4% 329:38.8% 320:51.1% 308:(2022) 271:92.9% 159:Status 143:Europe 104: 54: 40: 30015:Samoa 30005:Palau 29988:Nauru 29933:Malta 29888:India 29811:Sudan 29751:Kenya 29746:Ghana 29378:Lists 29054:Wales 28835:Mixed 28779:White 28725:Welsh 28685:Scots 28490:Welsh 28455:Irish 28393:Other 28346:Welsh 28336:Irish 28308:Scots 28202:Wales 28124:Wales 28039:Outer 28034:Inner 27922:Wales 27851:Cymru 27831:Names 27696:Moray 27616:Angus 27523:Moray 27443:Angus 23663:1290s 23658:1280s 23653:1270s 23648:1260s 23643:1250s 23638:1240s 23633:1230s 23628:1220s 23623:1210s 23618:1200s 22464:Lists 22285:Noric 22200:Mixed 22180:Irish 22162:Welsh 21826:Bando 21819:Sport 21720:Wales 21636:Music 21569:Torcs 21559:Mazes 21489:Wales 21315:Cymru 21310:Wales 21193:Music 21116:Vates 21111:Túath 21061:Druid 20990:Welsh 20980:Irish 20571:Scots 20553:Irish 20548:Gaels 20543:Welsh 20490:Gauls 20480:Gaels 20451:Names 20423: 20415: 20407: 20388:Celts 20281:Islam 20142:Scots 20059:flags 20034:Sport 19999:Music 19925:Clans 19825:Media 19481:Munro 19456:Glens 19424:Lochs 19404:Flora 19399:Fauna 18626:(PDF) 18613:(PDF) 17898:(PDF) 17694:S2CID 17261:(PDF) 17134:S2CID 16621:(PDF) 16610:(PDF) 16412:(PDF) 16114:(PDF) 16103:(PDF) 15481:(PDF) 15474:(PDF) 15080:(PDF) 15069:(PDF) 14483:Wiley 14386:Wiley 14293:S2CID 14158:S2CID 13959: 13577:4 May 13520:(PDF) 13513:(PDF) 13483:(PDF) 13476:(PDF) 13246:9 May 13216:9 May 12868:(PDF) 12861:(PDF) 12839:1 May 12833:(PDF) 12814:1 May 12711:(PDF) 12704:(PDF) 12265:(PDF) 12258:(PDF) 12128:(PDF) 12121:(PDF) 11826:(PDF) 11819:(PDF) 11758:(PDF) 11636:Scots 11153:(PDF) 11142:(PDF) 10976:"Yew" 9545:Ebsco 9389:JSTOR 9341:month 9246:1 May 9240:(PDF) 9233:(PDF) 9066:1603: 8922:. In 8884:. In 8637:. In 8239:. In 8189:Islay 7927:(PDF) 7916:(PDF) 7868:7 May 7486:ccTLD 7439:Notes 7423:Celts 7343:. In 7303:. In 7219:links 7019:neeps 6373:Orbex 6177:Serco 6046:beach 6043:tidal 5534:with 5465:Moray 5298:, an 5197:Perth 4845:with 4335:GCSEs 4233:Islam 4218:Barra 4183:(the 4107:Poles 4067:Scots 4055:Scots 3770:Perth 3270:stoat 3218:Tiree 3143:Tiree 3069:is a 2978:Arran 2910:, in 2755:(the 1877:Scots 1774:Moray 1743:Norse 1635:comes 1630:Picts 1626:Scoti 1585:Latin 1550:glens 1536:) at 1339:Lewis 1251:Scots 1208:word 1178:Gaels 1172:Scoti 1145:Tiree 1133:lochs 1086:Scots 933:Scots 921:.scot 632:Area 387:other 385:0.6% 379:0.1% 373:0.2% 367:0.3% 361:0.6% 357:Islam 355:2.2% 297:other 295:0.9% 291:Mixed 289:1.1% 285:Black 283:1.2% 279:Asian 277:3.9% 273:White 44:Scots 30090:57°N 29993:Niue 29967:Guam 29961:Fiji 29859:Asia 29542:Saba 28934:Arab 28650:Manx 28470:Manx 28465:Kale 28341:Manx 27866:Éire 27841:Alba 27671:Fife 27498:Fife 27371:2024 27366:2023 27361:2022 27356:2021 27351:2020 27346:2019 27341:2018 27336:2017 27331:2016 27326:2015 27321:2014 27316:2013 27311:2012 27306:2011 27301:2010 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