291:, expressed concerns about the rising costs of the decadal census. There were also concerns about the value of continuing with the traditional approach adopted for the 2011 census. This included whether collection methods were still fit for purpose in a rapidly changing society and whether census outputs, based on a survey conducted every ten years, would continue to meet the increasingly demanding needs of public and private sector users. Emerging technological developments were seen as providing alternative and improved data gathering opportunities. These concerns and opportunities led the UK Government to question if a supplementary or wholly alternative approach to the traditional 10-yearly census was required; more frequent, possibly annual, small-scale surveys could be employed instead.
1099:, complained about what he perceived to be anomalies in the data on the 0.5% who identified as transgender, when disaggregated by local authority and other factors. He questioned whether the ONS had adequately tested the gender identity question with respondents for whom English is a second language. Biggs said that according to his analysis of the data, overall, people from an immigrant background, who do not speak English as their first language, were found to be five times more likely to be recorded as transgender and 1 in 67 Muslims were recorded as transgender, which he said was "not plausible".
252:
577:
data as part as proposed legislation affecting administrative programmes. Issues identified also included the accuracy of administrative data sets for geographical areas below that of local authorities, problems associated with estimation and the use of address registers. ONS on behalf of the UK Statistics
Authority has taken on board the recommendations of the Skinner Report into methodology work and has proposed three research strands to determine the 'optimum blend' of online census, administrative data and surveying methods for the 2021 census and indeed subsequent censuses.
734:
881:
1106:(OSR), which oversees the ONS, began an examination of Biggs' concerns about the statistics, including the reported result that 262,000 identify as transgender in England and Wales. Biggs said: "I'm 99 per cent sure that misinterpretation has had a significant impact in inflating the numbers." The ONS said that "while the question on gender identity was tested thoroughly, it is possible that individual responses were affected by different interpretations of the question."
843:
696:
354:
census would be conducted on the same day in
England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland to ensure coherence and consistency. There is a legal requirement to complete the 2011 census questionnaire, under the terms of the Census Act 1920. As at 21 March 2021 everyone who had lived or intended to live in the country for three months or more was required to complete a questionnaire. Failure to return a completed questionnaire could lead to a fine and criminal record.
466:
116:
311:
by the further use of administrative and survey data. Existing census gathering methods would be used only as an alternative, where online methods are not feasible. A parallel announcement for
Scotland's 2021 census was made by the National Records for Scotland. The ONS Director, Population and Demography Statistics was reported as saying that an estimated 60–65% of household returns would be completed online.
25:
254:
258:
257:
253:
259:
1304:
256:
1043:
Wales, and the overall population of the United
Kingdom was estimated to be 67 million. The census also showed that the population of the two countries, aged 65 and over, had surpassed the number of children aged 15 and under for the first time, with 11.1 million people aged 65 and over compared with 10.4 million aged under 15.
1294:
2623:
333:
administrative data gathering option as a transitional approach and asked the
National Statistician to ensure sufficient research is undertaken both prior to and after the 2021 census to find and validate alternative methods to replace the traditional national census and intermediate surveying approach.
995:
has come under criticism for the way the census has been conducted, with some news outlets describing the results as being "botched" due to record low turnout rates and failing to meet the set target return rate of 94%. Initial turnout rates for the census in
Scotland concluded with 79% return rate;
332:
welcomed the recommendations for a predominantly online 2021 census for
England and Wales supplemented by the use of governmental and other administrative data in a letter to the National Statistician in July 2014. He made clear that the Government saw the dual-running decennial national census with
385:
aimed to change the wording of the census question on religion. This campaign encouraged non-religious people to tick 'no religion' in order to create a more accurate portrayal of religiousness in the UK. Another campaign by the
Climate Census campaign group suggested writing in 'Climate concerned'
310:
In 2014, the UK Statistics
Authority announced the recommendation from the Beyond 2011 Programme that there should be a decennial-style 2021 census in England and Wales, which in contrast with earlier censuses, would be conducted predominantly through online completion of census forms, supplemented
1109:
In
September 2023, reporting initial findings of the OSR investigation, its head Ed Humpherson wrote of the ONS team responsible for "quality assurance": "with more time to look at all combinations of variables, for example looking at gender identity and ethnicity, it may have identified areas for
569:
was the first decennial census in the United Kingdom to include the option of completing the census documentation online. Across the UK between 15 and 19% of census forms were submitted online. The UK Statistics Authority proposed that the 2021 census should be conducted predominantly online (with
409:
In March 2021, Fair Play for Women, a campaign group against self-identification, applied for judicial review in England and Wales and argued that such incidental self-identification should not be allowed in census-taking. In the absence of opposition or intervention from any interested party, the
1042:
Initial results, released in June 2022, showed the recorded population of England and Wales to be 59,597,300 (56,489,800 in England and 3,107,500 in Wales), a rise of 6.3% or 3.5 million people over the previous decade. This was the largest population ever recorded through a census in England and
576:
Research commissioned by the Beyond 2011 programme identified that there were risks associated with over-reliance on administrative data drawn from governmental department sources due to process changes, such as benefits and welfare payments and the necessity to include full access to statistical
353:
to determine the arrangements for census-taking in England and Wales. Parallel legislative procedures will be required in the devolved administrations of Scotland and Northern Ireland. It would be late 2015 at the earliest before regulations were made. Subject to this legislation being passed the
580:
The UK Statistics Authority has commissioned research strands as part of a census transformation programme which was due to report by 2017 relating to the 2021 census operation, the shape of population statistics in 2021, and the shape of population statistics beyond 2021 in the lead up to 2031.
422:
In Scotland, similar pieces of guidance have been published since the previous census in 2011. The Scottish Parliament also sought to amend the census Act in 2019 to clarify the meaning of sex in that legislation to include gender identity. The plan was abandoned and changes were instead made in
1136:
published the first results on 14 September 2023. They will publish further results from Scotland's 2022 census from spring 2024 onwards. The first results, on 21 May 2024, will be population estimates at output areas, as well as topical data about Ethnic group, national identity, language and
829:
The NISRA has published a report reviewing the 2011 census and other online-orientated censuses abroad and identified the importance of such things as pre-census publicity, the use of a unique internet code or ePin, and a coordinated promotion and follow up process during the census completion
1067:
Results on sexual orientation and gender identity questions were released on 6 January 2023. Similarly to the religion question, this question was voluntary but was answered by 92.5% of the population of England and Wales. 89.4% of the population described themselves as
570:
support provided for those unable to complete the census online), supplemented by the use of administrative and survey data and improve annual statistics between censuses. For the census in 2021 the proposed target for online completion has been set to at least 65%.
2620:
427:
issued guidelines regarding the sex question in the 2022 Scottish census. The guidance states that "If you are transgender the answer you give can be different from what is on your birth certificate. You do not need a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC)". The
632:. The contract was estimated to be worth around £65.1m. The parent company of Leidos Innovations UK, Leidos (an American defence, aviation, information technology, and biomedical research company), merged with Lockheed Martin's IT sector in August 2016.
2604:
1571:
413:
Some academics criticised what they said was the ONS's confusion between the concepts of sex and gender identity. Other academics supported the design of the census questions, for example, on the ground that the transgender population is very small.
2716:
1485:
1466:
618:
Alongside this programme trials of statistics generation using administrative data were planned starting from the autumn of 2015 and running through to 2021 with the aim of ranging across the breadth, detail and accuracy of census outputs.
255:
627:
The contract for preparing, dispatching up to 16 million paper questionnaire packs (for anyone who did not want to, or could not access the census online), and then securely managing, capturing and digitising the responses was awarded to
450:
dismissed the case on 17 February 2022 stating that there was "no general rule or principle of law that a question as to a person's sex may only properly be answered by reference to the sex stated on that person's birth certificate or
675:) was launched under the slogan of "it's about us" at the start of 2021. Television adverts tried to show a diverse range of people in various locations in England and Wales in front of a purple fabric screen, with a cover version of
2449:
1092:, reported that in the 16 to 24 age group, 1% answered 'No' to the question. She said that females were more likely than males to answer 'No' in that age group, whereas in other age groups females were more likely to answer 'Yes'.
2585:
2488:
1110:
additional probing and analysis." Humpherson added, "The communication of uncertainty should be strengthened". An anonymous government source said they believed the number 260,000 of transgender people was "hugely overstated".
996:
an additional round of extension to filling out the census was granted to encourage returns, raising the return rate percentage to 89%. The return rate for comparison in England and Wales was 97%. However national statistician
2747:
325:, that the 2021 census should go ahead. It had reservations over the lack of investigation into the options for using administrative data and encouraged the UK Government to reassure the public about privacy concerns.
2315:
3107:
1046:
Results of the question on religion were published on 29 November 2022. The question was voluntary but was answered by 94.0% of the population of England and Wales. 46.2% of the population described themselves as
224:, in part because the information obtained would assist government and public understanding of the pandemic's impact. The census-taking in Scotland was postponed, and took place in 2022 because of the pandemic.
2661:
298:
was established to look at alternatives to the traditional census approach. The UK Statistics Authority coordinated the project which was also undertaken by its counterparts in the devolved administrations of
2778:
2601:
1568:
1295:"The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales: Recommendation from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, and the government's response"
3802:
1059:". 37.2% of the population asserted that they had "no religion". In Wales, there were more people declaring that they had "no religion" (47%) than those affirming a Christian identity or any other religion.
238:
Initial results for England and Wales were released on 28 June 2022. Results for Scotland were expected to be released in March 2023; however this deadline was missed without explanation and in August 2023
1000:
has said that despite not meeting the target, the census could still provide "really good data". The additional round of extension cost the Scottish Government an additional £6m, and £148m in total.
2708:
1440:
1088:). The remaining 7.5% did not answer. 0.5% answered 'No' to the census question 'Is the gender you identify with the same as your sex registered at birth?' Alice Sullivan, professor of sociology at
1482:
1463:
2381:
1988:
2348:
2539:
1464:
The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales: Recommendation from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority 27 March 2013
2977:
1530:
2582:
2199:
1599:
3002:
1661:
662:
Voluntary question for 16 and over: Is the gender you identify with the same as your sex registered at birth? This is in addition to the compulsory question about respondents' sex.
2916:
2739:
2642:
2438:
3048:
2477:
370:
2305:
4033:
4028:
4023:
2686:
2282:
3114:
3583:
1207:
235:
to assess the value, cost, and alternatives to a census in 2021. The project recommended a census in 2021, and amongst other organisations, suggested it be run online.
2658:
2770:
1355:
3416:
1552:
1502:
3986:
3777:
1329:
402:
is already recognised in some countries. A gender marker on a British passport can be changed in a less formal procedure than acquiring a legally enforceable
3619:
3545:
2947:
2021:
1113:
In September 2024, the OSR removed official accreditation of the gender identity statistics, classifying them instead as official statistics in development.
640:
was contracted by ONS to recruit, train and administer the pay for the 30,000 temporary ONS workers who would be working as field staff for the 2021 census.
2883:
1437:
131:
2371:
1980:
2338:
410:
judge ordered an interim revision of the guidance. The government conceded and accepted the order. The ONS withdrew from the High Court proceedings.
3546:
Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021: The religion of usual residents and household religious composition in England and Wales, Census 2021 data
2535:
3718:
1925:
3081:
2969:
1527:
1234:
1122:
823:
768:
213:
151:
3445:
2828:
3380:
3253:
2191:
1589:
3009:
1622:
1171:
443:
put "extreme external pressure" on Scottish civil servants including chief statistician Roger Halliday to amend their initial proposals.
2908:
2639:
3979:
3606:
A total of 262,000 people (0.5%) answered "No", indicating that their gender identity was different from their sex registered at birth.
318:
4107:
3166:
3085:
3037:
220:
in Scotland. These were the first British censuses for which most of the data was gathered online. Two of them went ahead despite the
2122:
1239:
398:
for the 2021 census. The guidance provided that a respondent should answer according to official documents such as their passport.
553:
The UK Statistics Authority has the responsibility for coordinating the census arrangements across the United Kingdom through the
4284:
3803:"OSR Publishes its Final Report on the Review of the Statistics Collected on Gender Identity During the England and Wales Census"
1022:
no longer carries out a decennial census, instead using the Rolling Electronic Census Project to produce regular census reports.
969:. A rehearsal was conducted on 7 October 2019 and closed for returns on 7 November 2019 in three local authority areas: parts of
2678:
2272:
3658:
1409:
358:
315:
3558:
3972:
3749:
3687:
2413:
1483:
The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales UK Statistics Authority published 27 March 2014
1199:
573:
Research has been under way since 2011 to design a new census methodology which maximises the success of an online approach.
3196:
1387:
440:
2709:"Lockheed Martin Successfully Closes Transaction to Separate and Combine IT and Technical Services Businesses with Leidos"
4279:
4274:
1347:
373:
makes the same provision for England and Wales. The sexual orientation question would also be asked in Northern Ireland.
1810:"The Growth of the Anti-Transgender Movement in the United Kingdom. The Silent Radicalization of the British Electorate"
4212:
1151:
3879:
2566:
4217:
3318:
2513:
1506:
1269:
649:
65:
3141:
1326:
4018:
2246:
1546:
1103:
350:
3904:
2939:
2011:
1958:
1731:
4202:
4003:
854:
796:
Ravenhill and Queens (Belfast); Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon (Craigavon); Fermanagh and Omagh (West Fermanagh)
707:
436:
435:
In November 2021, the Murray Blackburn Mackenzie (MBM) policy collective claimed that documents obtained via the
329:
47:
3930:
2872:
4097:
3593:
1299:
1056:
554:
503:
209:
145:
2084:"Should trans people be postmodernist in the streets but positivist in the spreadsheets? A reply to Sullivan"
447:
4248:
3995:
3471:
1417:
1146:
1133:
962:
915:
424:
240:
217:
157:
4222:
1052:
733:
452:
403:
284:
3497:
1917:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4092:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4038:
3588:
1753:
399:
280:
94:
2221:
1095:
In April 2023, when more granular data became available, Michael Biggs, professor of sociology at the
1089:
346:
295:
2857:
2824:
4238:
43:
3221:
1503:"Plans for a Census in Scotland in 2021 National Records for Scotland Press Release 27 March 2014"
4085:
429:
268:
232:
4289:
4043:
2806:
2583:
2011 Census: Percentage of individual returns via paper and internet questionnaires in England
465:
3441:
2844:
984:
The census was scheduled to take place on 21 March 2021, but was delayed in July 2020 by the
974:
680:
1688:"Constructing a queer population? Asking about sexual orientation in Scotland's 2022 census"
3754:
3158:
3073:
2740:"UK's Office For National Statistics And Lockheed Martin UK Successfully Deliver UK Census"
1096:
1076:" and 0.3% were described as having "other sexual orientation" (with the most common being
970:
3854:
2083:
1877:"The toilet debate: Stalling trans possibilities and defending 'women's protected spaces'"
1783:
8:
2016:
1229:
992:
985:
880:
545:
An appeal by Fair Play for Women was refused by the Inner House of the Court of Session.
35:
2306:"Equality and Human Rights Commission had 'heavy-handed' influence on gender questions"
2172:
2114:
2064:
1653:
978:
633:
366:
2970:"M&C Saatchi campaign for 2021 UK census features more than 200 members of public"
3390:
3328:
3263:
2794:
2176:
2164:
2118:
2106:
2068:
1898:
1831:
1705:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1348:"Scottish Census: What it is, what it means and how to complete once-a-decade survey"
288:
221:
2147:
Hines, Sally (21 May 2020). "Counting the cost of difference: a reply to Sullivan".
1200:"Release plans: Our proposed plans for the release of Census 2021 data and analysis"
683:", performed by Jose McGill & The Vagaband, featuring as the advert soundtrack.
589:
A work programme running until 2024, comprising eight phases, was developed by ONS.
386:
in response to the religion question, to demand climate action from the government.
3828:
2564:
The Future Provision of Census of Population Information for Northern Ireland NISRA
2343:
2156:
2098:
2056:
1888:
1821:
1695:
1637:
1009:
637:
304:
201:
2403:
2160:
2102:
2060:
1826:
1809:
1700:
1687:
1528:
Report from ‘Counting the population: the 2021 Census and beyond’ event 1 May 2014
208:
took place 364 days later on 20 March 2022. The censuses were administered by the
192:. Beginning in 1801, they have been recorded every 10 years. The 2021 censuses of
4253:
4207:
4197:
3145:
2665:
2646:
2627:
2608:
2589:
2570:
1575:
1556:
1534:
1489:
1470:
1444:
1333:
1069:
446:
In December 2021, Fair Play for Women applied for a judicial review in Scotland.
342:
3778:"Census records trans population in England and Wales – but accuracy is doubted"
3353:
3288:
3188:
2044:
1377:
3964:
1137:
religion. It is expected that the rest of the data would be published in 2024.
672:
566:
264:
189:
3719:"Why does the census say there are more trans people in Newham than Brighton?"
1029:
also undertook a full census in 2021 (having held an interim census in 2016).
4268:
3723:
3692:
3394:
3332:
3267:
2168:
2110:
2045:"Sex and the census: Why surveys should not conflate sex and gender identity"
1902:
1893:
1876:
1835:
1709:
1649:
1550:– UK Parliament Public Administration Committee Report Published 9 April 2014
3620:"England and Wales census counts trans and non-binary people for first time"
2659:
Planning for 2021 – slides 15/17 – ONS Powerpoint Presentation November 2014
3829:"Census may have overestimated number of trans people in England and Wales"
2679:"Leidos to support the 2021 Census for England, Wales and Northern Ireland"
2563:
2536:"Court appeal over census sex question rejected by judges 24 February 2022"
2376:
1594:
1077:
382:
2771:"The ONS Appoints the Adecco Group UK&I to Staff the 2021 Census Team"
1569:
Beyond 2011 Research Conference 2014: Summary of proceedings – August 2014
1261:
952:
243:
announced that the initial results were to be released 14 September 2023.
4243:
3519:
3139:
2372:"Transgender people can self-identify in Scottish census, confirms judge"
1073:
1026:
997:
676:
484:
362:
228:
1849:
1724:"If you're not religious, say so! Tick 'No religion' in the 2021 Census"
842:
695:
1950:
1723:
1081:
1048:
394:
The Office for National Statistics published an online guidance titled
2909:"The Office for National Statistics: It's about us by M&C Saatchi"
2339:"Legal challenge by women's group over census sex question thrown out"
1981:"Guidance on sex question in census must be changed, high court rules"
557:(ONS), which is also responsible for the census in England and Wales.
271:, on how the census results will help to inform the decisions made in
115:
3664:
3385:
3323:
3258:
2310:
2277:
2192:"Hundreds of academics back self-ID sex question in Scottish census"
1062:
3381:"Scotland's census closes 6% short after spending £6m on extension"
2408:
1918:"UK gov't concedes defeat to Fair Play For Women in census sex row"
1382:
1019:
966:
300:
205:
3417:"'Lessons must be learned' after 2022 census costs Scotland £148m"
648:
The general style of the questionnaire was similar to that of the
432:
wrote to National Records of Scotland to question the guidelines.
389:
193:
3467:
3254:"Audit Scotland confirms botched census will cost millions more"
2602:
Beyond 2011 Research Conference 2014: Summary of proceedings ONS
2433:
2431:
1438:
Background to Beyond 2011 Office for National Statistics website
933:
Dumfries and Galloway, Glasgow City, Whole of Na h-Eileanan Siar
1013:
778:
629:
513:
2472:
2470:
3520:"Census: Population of England and Wales grew 6% in a decade"
3493:
2428:
2222:"Counting Trans Populations | Division of Prevention Science"
1590:"Holyrood backs new census questions on transgender identity"
1085:
371:
Census (Return Particulars and Removal of Penalties) Act 2019
272:
197:
3961:– Office for National Statistics website for the 2021 census
3559:"More Non-religious in Wales than Christians in 2021 Census"
2404:"Legal challenge to Scottish census sex question thrown out"
2012:"ONS backs down on 'what is your sex?' Census legal dispute"
1761:
1016:
carried out a census on the same day as the 2021 UK census.
813:
659:
Voluntary question for 16 and over about sexual orientation.
3659:"Watchdog to examine 'implausible' UK census trans figures"
2997:
2995:
2467:
1951:"Census 2021: Judge orders change to sex question guidance"
3548:, release dated 29 November 2022, accessed 4 December 2022
3189:"Coronavirus: Census delayed by a year because of disease"
1378:"Coronavirus: Census delayed by a year because of disease"
1072:, 1.5% described themselves as "Gay or lesbian", 1.3% as "
3958:
3100:
2992:
1850:"It's now or never to defend female rights - here's why"
1495:
3688:"What the Census reveals about trans people in Britain"
3354:"Scottish census deadline extended after poor response"
1784:"Change your name or personal details on your passport"
171:
3289:"Lessons must be learned on low census rate - report"
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
2149:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
2091:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
2049:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
1476:
1431:
1172:"The modern census - Office for National Statistics"
132:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2873:"Preparing for the 2021 census (England and Wales)"
2825:"Preparing for the 2021 census (England and Wales)"
2559:
2557:
1121:Results for Northern Ireland were published by the
826:(NISRA) undertakes the census in Northern Ireland.
686:
652:, although there were some new questions for 2021:
381:The campaign 'If you're not religious, say so!' by
3657:
3578:
3576:
3222:"Call for inquiry over Scotland's census 'fiasco'"
2621:Beyond 2011: Independent Review of Methodology ONS
2273:"Watchdog queries trans self-identify census plan"
2075:
1450:
3617:
3584:"Gender identity, England and Wales: Census 2021"
2514:"2019 Rehearsal - Office for National Statistics"
2140:
1063:Results on sexual orientation and gender identity
1003:
636:was awarded the contract for the census in 2011.
608:Collection operations (July 2020 – December 2021)
4266:
3994:
3032:
3030:
2940:"Norwich band perform in national census advert"
2554:
671:An advertising campaign (made under contract by
3859:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
3573:
3132:
2439:"Census 2021 Household Questionnaire (England)"
1235:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
1206:. Office for National Statistics. 24 May 2022.
1123:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
824:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
214:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
204:took place on 21 March 2021, and the census of
152:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
3074:"Request individual access code - Census 2021"
1559:, Publications.parliament, Accessed 1 May 2014
1410:"Scotland's Census first outputs release date"
1194:
1192:
390:Legal challenge to 'What is your sex' guidance
361:made provisions for voluntary questions about
227:The censuses in 2021 and 2022 follows on from
3980:
3750:"Census 'hugely overstated' trans population"
3027:
2478:"Census 2021 Household Questionnaire (Wales)"
611:Analysis, output and dissemination (2022–23)
596:Design and prototyping (ended December 2016)
531:Carlisle, Ceredigion, Hackney, Tower Hamlets
275:and help to make Wales a more equal country.
46:. There might be a discussion about this on
3159:"Census Rehearsal 2019 | Scotland's Census"
2183:
1875:Jones, Charlotte; Slater, Jen (July 2020).
1874:
1623:"Sexual orientation and the 2021 UK census"
1189:
833:
643:
3987:
3973:
2533:
1915:
1614:
1345:
1327:The census during the coronavirus pandemic
899:Tim Ellis (as Registrar General, Scotland)
114:
16:2021–22 census of the population of the UK
3038:"NISRA - 2019 census rehearsa evaluation"
1892:
1825:
1699:
1679:
423:subordinate legislation. In August 2021,
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
3685:
3319:"Census data still useful, says adviser"
2042:
1346:Phoutinane, Ketsuda (26 February 2022).
584:
250:
216:(NISRA) in Northern Ireland, and by the
3747:
3470:. States of Guernsey. 31 January 2018.
3138:About Us, National Records of Scotland
2369:
1945:
1943:
1630:European Journal of Politics and Gender
965:(NRS) is responsible for the census in
953:https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022
560:
417:
4267:
3826:
3500:from the original on 23 September 2020
3414:
2822:
2534:Mulholland, James (24 February 2022).
2303:
2285:from the original on 17 September 2021
2202:from the original on 11 September 2021
2189:
2081:
1807:
1620:
1587:
1307:from the original on 25 September 2020
1012:, and not part of the United Kingdom,
614:Evaluation / future planning (2023–24)
359:Census (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2019
3968:
3775:
3748:Malnick, Edward (23 September 2023).
3743:
3741:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3474:from the original on 14 February 2021
3468:"Population, Employment and Earnings"
3312:
3310:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3216:
3214:
3199:from the original on 18 February 2021
3054:from the original on 13 February 2021
2980:from the original on 12 February 2021
2950:from the original on 12 February 2021
2937:
2919:from the original on 12 February 2021
2818:
2816:
2750:from the original on 24 February 2022
2689:from the original on 24 February 2021
2542:from the original on 27 February 2022
2416:from the original on 18 February 2022
2384:from the original on 18 February 2022
2370:Carrell, Severin (17 February 2022).
2351:from the original on 18 February 2022
2336:
2270:
2146:
2009:
1685:
1578:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 31 August 2014
1447:, Ons.gov.uk, Retrieved 30 April 2014
1390:from the original on 15 November 2020
3655:
3618:Booth and Goodier (6 January 2023).
3415:Tiwari, Vidushi (29 November 2022).
3169:from the original on 17 January 2021
2831:from the original on 7 February 2021
2719:from the original on 30 January 2021
2337:Pease, Victoria (17 February 2022).
2318:from the original on 4 November 2021
2247:"Sex question recommendation report"
1940:
1754:"Declare yourself Climate Concerned"
1473:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 23 April 2014
1414:National Records of Scotland website
1289:
1287:
1037:
837:
690:
656:Are the respondents ex-armed forces?
605:Rehearsal (January 2019 – June 2020)
441:Equality and Human Rights Commission
18:
3827:Melley, James (13 September 2024).
3686:Sullivan, Alice (29 January 2023).
2889:from the original on 16 August 2021
2823:Barton, Cassie (13 February 2021).
2640:FAQ Census Transformation Programme
1602:from the original on 5 October 2019
1492:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 1 April 2014
1116:
212:(ONS) in England and Wales, by the
188:is the 23rd official census of the
13:
3738:
3707:
3679:
3638:
3316:
3307:
3251:
3240:
3211:
2870:
2813:
2781:from the original on 17 April 2021
2737:
2494:from the original on 21 March 2022
2455:from the original on 21 March 2022
2304:Watson, Jeremy (4 November 2021).
2155:(5). Informa UK Limited: 533–538.
2097:(5). Informa UK Limited: 525–531.
2024:from the original on 19 March 2021
1991:from the original on 10 March 2021
1961:from the original on 10 March 2021
1916:Greenhalgh, Hugo (17 March 2021).
1814:International Journal of Sociology
1152:Demographics of the United Kingdom
988:because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
14:
4301:
3952:
3880:"Scotland's Census first results"
3776:Booth, Robert (8 November 2023).
3448:from the original on 26 June 2022
3378:
3108:"Scotlands Census - Question Set"
3088:from the original on 2 March 2021
2768:
2271:Horne, Marc (17 September 2021).
1928:from the original on 26 July 2021
1808:McLean, Craig (2 November 2021).
1734:from the original on 1 March 2021
1358:from the original on 3 March 2022
1284:
804:Household, individual, and others
3807:Office for Statistics Regulation
3561:. Humanists UK. 29 November 2022
3544:Office for National Statistics,
2128:from the original on 11 May 2022
1667:from the original on 11 May 2022
1642:10.1332/251510820X15845548424385
1325:Office for National Statistics,
1272:from the original on 21 May 2020
1242:from the original on 3 July 2017
1210:from the original on 29 May 2022
1104:Office for Statistics Regulation
879:
841:
732:
694:
687:2021 census for Northern Ireland
464:
23:
3923:
3897:
3872:
3847:
3820:
3795:
3769:
3717:Biggs, Michael (9 April 2023).
3611:
3551:
3538:
3512:
3486:
3460:
3434:
3408:
3372:
3346:
3281:
3181:
3151:
3066:
2962:
2938:Hardy, Ben (12 February 2021).
2931:
2901:
2864:
2762:
2731:
2701:
2671:
2652:
2633:
2614:
2595:
2576:
2527:
2506:
2396:
2363:
2330:
2297:
2264:
2239:
2214:
2190:Rodger, Hannah (4 April 2021).
2036:
2003:
1973:
1909:
1868:
1842:
1801:
1776:
1746:
1716:
1581:
1562:
1540:
1521:
548:
330:Minister for the Cabinet Office
287:and the main opposition party,
4285:Censuses in the United Kingdom
3905:"National Records of Scotland"
3594:Office for National Statistics
1588:Brooks, Libby (13 June 2019).
1402:
1370:
1339:
1319:
1300:Office for National Statistics
1254:
1222:
1164:
1004:Censuses in Crown Dependencies
666:
555:Office for National Statistics
404:gender recognition certificate
336:
321:(PAC) concluded in its report
210:Office for National Statistics
146:Office for National Statistics
1:
3656:Beal, James (13 April 2023).
2161:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768344
2103:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768343
2061:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768346
2010:Lyons, Izzy (17 March 2021).
1827:10.1080/00207659.2021.1939946
1701:10.1080/09589236.2020.1866513
1157:
622:
246:
3996:Census in the United Kingdom
3909:National Records of Scotland
2082:Fugard, Andi (25 May 2020).
1548:Too soon to scrap the Census
1418:National Records of Scotland
1147:Census in the United Kingdom
1134:National Records of Scotland
963:National Records of Scotland
425:National Records of Scotland
323:Too soon to scrap the Census
241:National Records of Scotland
218:National Records of Scotland
158:National Records of Scotland
7:
2668:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2630:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2611:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2592:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2573:, Accessed 30 December 2014
1140:
1128:
593:Research (ended March 2015)
376:
10:
4306:
4280:2021 in the United Kingdom
4275:2021 United Kingdom census
3589:United Kingdom Census 2021
3496:. Isle of Man Government.
2649:, Accessed 25 January 2015
1336:, accessed 30 January 2021
1032:
523:September – December 2019.
487:(as National Statistician)
437:Freedom of Information Act
186:2021 United Kingdom census
4249:Census Enumerators' Books
4231:
4190:
4169:
4106:
4011:
4002:
3931:"Census outputs schedule"
3148:, Accessed 4 October 2018
3003:"Household Questionnaire"
1692:Journal of Gender Studies
1621:Cooley, Laurence (2020).
1090:University College London
947:
937:
929:
921:
911:
903:
895:
887:
878:
814:https://census.gov.uk/ni/
808:
800:
792:
784:
774:
764:
756:
748:
740:
731:
535:
527:
519:
509:
499:
491:
485:Professor Sir Ian Diamond
480:
472:
463:
347:United Kingdom Government
319:Public Accounts Committee
296:The Beyond 2011 Programme
166:
137:
127:
122:
113:
87:
82:
4239:Annual Population Survey
3444:. Government of Jersey.
2664:31 December 2014 at the
2607:3 September 2014 at the
2588:30 December 2014 at the
2569:30 December 2014 at the
1894:10.1177/0038026120934697
1574:3 September 2014 at the
1488:10 November 2015 at the
1469:10 November 2015 at the
1443:26 November 2013 at the
1070:straight or heterosexual
834:2022 census for Scotland
644:Changes from 2011 census
316:British House of Commons
4213:1969 (Northern Ireland)
2713:Media - Lockheed Martin
1881:The Sociological Review
1555:27 October 2016 at the
1332:1 February 2021 at the
430:UK Statistics Authority
285:UK coalition government
269:First Minister of Wales
233:UK Statistics Authority
3163:Scotlandscensus.gov.uk
3144:4 October 2018 at the
2852:Cite journal requires
2645:7 October 2014 at the
276:
2043:Sullivan, A. (2020).
1686:Guyan, Kevin (2021).
1537:, Accessed 7 May 2014
975:Dumfries and Galloway
681:This Will Be Our Year
630:Leidos Innovations UK
585:Census work programme
262:
3755:The Sunday Telegraph
2412:. 17 February 2022.
1097:University of Oxford
912:Issuing organisation
765:Issuing organisation
561:2021 census research
539:Household and others
500:Issuing organisation
418:Position in Scotland
36:confusing or unclear
3120:on 11 February 2021
2944:Eastern Daily Press
2880:Parliament Research
2769:Group, The Adecco.
2226:prevention.ucsf.edu
2017:The Daily Telegraph
1856:. 25 September 2018
1854:Fair Play For Women
993:Scottish Government
986:Scottish Government
875:
728:
460:
400:Self-identification
314:In April 2014, the
231:, a project by the
144:England and Wales:
123:General information
44:clarify the article
3295:. 29 November 2022
2974:Campaignlive.co.uk
2805:has generic name (
2738:Martin, Lockheed.
2626:8 May 2014 at the
1533:8 May 2014 at the
1262:"About the census"
979:Na h-Eileanan Siar
873:
853:. You can help by
779:Leidos Innovations
726:
706:. You can help by
634:Lockheed Martin UK
602:Development (2018)
514:Leidos Innovations
458:
367:sexual orientation
363:transgender status
277:
263:An explanation by
150:Northern Ireland:
4262:
4261:
4186:
4185:
4179:
3935:Scotland's Census
3884:Scotland's Census
2251:Scotland's Census
1303:. 27 March 2014.
1038:England and Wales
1008:Although it is a
959:
958:
871:
870:
820:
819:
724:
723:
543:
542:
476:England and Wales
369:to be asked. The
357:In Scotland, the
260:
222:COVID-19 pandemic
182:
181:
108:
107:
104:2031 →
76:
75:
68:
4297:
4177:
4009:
4008:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3661:
3653:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3596:. 6 January 2023
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3555:
3549:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3249:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3195:. 17 July 2020.
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3155:
3149:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3113:. Archived from
3112:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3042:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3015:on 22 March 2021
3014:
3008:. Archived from
3007:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2877:
2871:Barton, Cassie.
2868:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2775:Prnewswire.co.uk
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2675:
2669:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2599:
2593:
2580:
2574:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2454:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2344:STV (TV channel)
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2088:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1987:. 9 March 2021.
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1957:. 9 March 2021.
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1585:
1579:
1566:
1560:
1544:
1538:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1505:. Archived from
1499:
1493:
1480:
1474:
1461:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1386:. 17 July 2020.
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1343:
1337:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1168:
1125:in Spring 2023.
1117:Northern Ireland
1055:", and 1.7% as "
1010:Crown Dependency
955:
883:
876:
872:
866:
863:
845:
838:
816:
744:Northern Ireland
736:
729:
725:
719:
716:
698:
691:
468:
461:
457:
439:showed that the
396:What is your Sex
345:, it is for the
305:Northern Ireland
261:
202:Northern Ireland
178:
175:
173:
118:
90:
89:
80:
79:
71:
64:
60:
57:
51:
27:
26:
19:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4254:UK Data Service
4227:
4182:
4165:
4102:
3998:
3993:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3746:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3715:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3654:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3624:theguardian.com
3616:
3612:
3599:
3597:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3360:. 28 April 2022
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3315:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3250:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3146:Wayback Machine
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2666:Wayback Machine
2657:
2653:
2647:Wayback Machine
2638:
2634:
2628:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2609:Wayback Machine
2600:
2596:
2590:Wayback Machine
2581:
2577:
2571:Wayback Machine
2562:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1764:on 4 March 2021
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1586:
1582:
1576:Wayback Machine
1567:
1563:
1557:Wayback Machine
1545:
1541:
1535:Wayback Machine
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1509:on 7 April 2014
1501:
1500:
1496:
1490:Wayback Machine
1481:
1477:
1471:Wayback Machine
1462:
1451:
1445:Wayback Machine
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1344:
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930:Rehearsal Areas
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851:needs expansion
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793:Rehearsal Areas
788:13 October 2019
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704:needs expansion
689:
673:M&C Saatchi
669:
646:
625:
587:
563:
551:
528:Rehearsal Areas
420:
392:
379:
343:Census Act 1920
339:
251:
249:
170:
162:
109:
88:
72:
61:
55:
52:
41:
28:
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17:
12:
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2055:(5): 517–524.
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1972:
1939:
1908:
1887:(4): 834–851.
1867:
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1820:(6): 473–482.
1800:
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1758:Climate Census
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1636:(3): 445–447.
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4214:
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4209:
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4201:
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4196:
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4189:
4178:(unconfirmed)
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2006:
1990:
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1354:. Reach plc.
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1230:"2021 Census"
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922:Data supplier
920:
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907:20 March 2022
906:
904:Census day(s)
902:
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894:
890:
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865:
862:February 2021
856:
852:
849:This section
847:
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777:
775:Data supplier
773:
770:
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760:21 March 2021
759:
757:Census day(s)
755:
752:Siobhán Carey
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
718:
715:February 2021
709:
705:
702:This section
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530:
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512:
510:Data supplier
508:
505:
502:
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495:21 March 2021
494:
492:Census day(s)
490:
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483:
479:
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471:
467:
462:
456:
454:
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448:Lord Sandison
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100:21 March 2021
98:
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93:←
92:
91:
86:
81:
78:
70:
67:
59:
49:
48:the talk page
45:
39:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
4160:
3938:. Retrieved
3934:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3908:
3899:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:
3849:
3839:15 September
3837:. Retrieved
3832:
3822:
3812:12 September
3810:. Retrieved
3806:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3782:The Guardian
3781:
3771:
3761:24 September
3759:. Retrieved
3753:
3728:. Retrieved
3722:
3697:. Retrieved
3691:
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3669:. Retrieved
3663:
3628:. Retrieved
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3528:. Retrieved
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3362:. Retrieved
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3271:. Retrieved
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3230:. Retrieved
3225:
3201:. Retrieved
3192:
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3162:
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3122:. Retrieved
3115:the original
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3077:
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3056:. Retrieved
3045:Nisra.gov.uk
3044:
3017:. Retrieved
3010:the original
2982:. Retrieved
2973:
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2952:. Retrieved
2943:
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2921:. Retrieved
2912:
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2891:. Retrieved
2879:
2866:
2845:cite journal
2833:. Retrieved
2783:. Retrieved
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2743:
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2544:. Retrieved
2538:. stv news.
2529:
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2496:. Retrieved
2484:
2457:. Retrieved
2445:
2418:. Retrieved
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2377:The Guardian
2375:
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2353:. Retrieved
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2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2309:
2299:
2289:17 September
2287:. Retrieved
2276:
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2254:. Retrieved
2250:
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2229:. Retrieved
2225:
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2206:11 September
2204:. Retrieved
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2130:. Retrieved
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2026:. Retrieved
2015:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1985:The Guardian
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1954:
1930:. Retrieved
1921:
1911:
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1870:
1858:. Retrieved
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1791:. Retrieved
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1762:the original
1757:
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1728:Humanists UK
1727:
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1633:
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1595:The Guardian
1593:
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1523:
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1507:the original
1497:
1478:
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1423:11 September
1421:. Retrieved
1413:
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1381:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1352:Daily Record
1351:
1341:
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1298:
1274:. Retrieved
1265:
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1244:. Retrieved
1233:
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1203:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
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1112:
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1051:", 6.5% as "
1045:
1041:
1024:
1018:
1007:
990:
983:
971:Glasgow City
960:
938:Census forms
859:
855:adding to it
850:
828:
821:
801:Census forms
712:
708:adding to it
703:
670:
647:
626:
617:
588:
579:
575:
572:
564:
552:
549:Coordination
544:
536:Census forms
445:
434:
421:
412:
408:
395:
393:
383:Humanists UK
380:
356:
340:
327:
322:
313:
309:
293:
278:
237:
226:
185:
183:
99:
77:
62:
56:January 2023
53:
42:Please help
33:
4244:Beyond 2011
4191:Census acts
4108:Unpublished
3959:Census 2021
3787:12 November
3504:16 November
3478:16 November
3452:16 November
2984:13 February
2954:13 February
2923:13 February
2893:13 February
2835:13 February
2803:|last=
2785:13 February
2754:13 February
2723:13 February
2693:13 February
2546:27 February
2420:18 February
2388:18 February
2355:18 February
1266:Census 2021
1181:17 February
1027:Isle of Man
998:Ian Diamond
874:Census 2022
727:Census 2021
677:The Zombies
667:Advertising
650:2011 census
459:Census 2021
337:Legislation
283:, both the
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