Catholic Church in Scotland

285: 4080: 53: 2614: 1666: 2187: 3948: 3218:. The church in Scotland is governed by its own hierarchy and bishops' conference, not under the control of English bishops. In more recent years, for example, there have been times when it was especially the Scottish bishops who took the floor in the United Kingdom to argue for Catholic social and moral teaching. The presidents of the bishops' conferences of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland meet formally to discuss "mutual concerns", though they are separate national entities. "Closer cooperation between the presidents can only help the Church's work", a spokesman noted. 7485: 2971: 3017:, had a profound effect on Scotland as a whole; Rosie remarked that "the level and scale of the violence exhibited between 1931 and 1935 of a much more serious and concerted nature than of any period since the reintroduction of Orange parades in the 1870s". Sectarian violence was so severe that it caused higher policing costs, and local councils were tempted to ban all "religious and pseudo-religious processions" outright. While eventually no such ban took place, tightening restrictions were introduced in order to minimise anti-Catholic violence. 6702: 2256: 23: 2073: 3251: 260: 3131: 2224:

third of nobles and gentry were still Catholic in inclination. In most of Scotland, Catholicism became an underground faith in private households, connected by ties of kinship. This reliance on the household meant that women often became important as the upholders and transmitters of the faith, such as in the case of Lady Fernihurst in the Borders. They transformed their households into centres of religious activity and offered places of safety for

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discrimination; priests tended to be drawn from the working classes and to relate well to economic hardship amongst their parishioners. Though Catholics moved increasingly during this period into skilled and white-collar jobs, the Catholic community retained a homogeneity which prevented a major social divide emerging between a practising Catholic bourgeoisie and a lapsed proletariat.

2328: 2807:, which in 1820 only had two or three Catholic families, the population was increased by Irish and Highland migration until the first parish church, dedicated to St Patrick, was built in 1830. According to local historian I.M.M. MacPhail, "Before 1830, a few Catholics used to meet in the ruins of the old pre-Reformation parish church of 3187:. Though structural disadvantage had largely eroded by the 1980s, Scottish Catholics are more likely to experience poverty and deprivation than their Protestant counterparts. Many more Catholics can now be found in what were called the professions, with some occupying posts in the judiciary or in national politics. In 1999, the Rt Hon 3242:. In 2013, Scottish sociologist Michael Rosie noted that "Catholics were actually the religious sub-group most likely to support an independent Scotland in 1999. This remains true in 2012." Scottish Catholics are also more likely to be in favour of Scottish independence and to support SNP than non-religious voters. 6588: 4023:

Along ethnic or racial lines, Scottish Catholicism was in the past, and has remained at present, predominantly White or light-skinned in membership, as have always been other branches of Christianity in Scotland. Among respondents in the 2011 UK Census who identified as Catholic, 81% are White Scots,

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Fr. Cameron, "with the hope that he will become a great saint for Scotland and that our nation will merit from his intercession." They erected a small petition book at their altar of St. Joseph in the University Catholic Chapel, Turnbull Hall. It is one of the necessary prerequisites for Canonisation

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took over the existing structures and assets of the Church, any attempted recovery by the Catholic hierarchy was extremely difficult. After the collapse of Mary's cause in the civil wars in the 1570s, and any hope of a national restoration of the old faith, the hierarchy began to treat Scotland as a

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was the most important figure. In these areas Catholic sacraments and practices were maintained with relative openness. Members of the nobility were probably reluctant to pursue each other over matters of religion because of strong personal and social ties. An English report in 1600 suggested that a

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Exact numbers of communicants are uncertain, given the illegal status of Catholicism. In 1755 it was estimated that there were some 16,500 communicants, mainly in the north and west. In 1764, "the total Catholic population in Scotland would have been about 33,000 or 2.6% of the total population. Of

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on 17 October 1976, is often assumed to be the only Scottish Catholic martyr of the Reformation era. Nevertheless, the Catholic Church's illegal status had a devastating impact on the number of the Church's followers. Even so, a significant Catholic population, served by outlawed "heather priests",

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The Bishopric of the Forces and the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham are directly subject to the Holy See. The Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London and the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain was subject to their own metropolitans, major archbishops, and

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Arguably, the Catholic Church was the best-equipped denomination in tackling the adverse effects of economic depression, and does not seem to have suffered serious losses arising from recessionary periods. The Catholic faith is often seen as being invigorated by the combined effects of poverty and

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was the preliminary centre of education for Catholic priests in the area. It was illegal, and it was burned to the ground on several occasions by soldiers sent from beyond the Highlands. Beyond Scalan there were six attempts to found a seminary in the Highlands between 1732 and 1838, all suffering

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confession in 1560. At that point, the celebration of the Catholic mass was outlawed. Although officially illegal, the Catholic Church survived in parts of Scotland. The hierarchy of the church played a relatively small role and the initiative was left to lay leaders. Where nobles or local lairds

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In the Norman period the Scottish church underwent a series of reforms and transformations. With royal and lay patronage, a clearer parochial structure based around local churches was developed. Large numbers of new foundations, which followed continental forms of reformed monasticism, began to

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led the agrarian militants from the front, which cannot be said for most Disruption clergy or their successors. Evangelical Presbyterianism counseled submission and acceptance of misfortune. But it was a faith chosen quite voluntarily by the people and if it failed to make them rebels against

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to Canada, along with their priest; it fell to me in the autumn to attend to those who were left behind, and during the winter to the people of Moydart (sic) as well. Although not less than 600 Catholics went to America, still I administered the Sacraments to over 500 souls who remained. The

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As the Catholic presence in the Lowlands increased and revived, however, there were regular cases of conflict between Highland migrants and Irish immigrants over both cultural differences and control of Catholic parishes, schools, and neighbourhoods. Irish Catholics often complained to the

2951:. This relative immunity was caused by the Education (Scotland) Act 1918, which made Catholic schools fully state-funded. Michael John Rosie argues that in addition to state-funded education, it was the nature of Scottish Catholicism that "made it less vulnerable to economic dislocation": 3966:

In 2001, Catholics were a minority in each of Scotland's 32 council areas but in a few parts of the country their numbers were close to those of the official Church of Scotland. The most Catholic part of the country is composed of the western Central Belt council areas near Glasgow. In

3032:, one of the senior leadership of the Church of Scotland at the time, called for a "racially pure" Scotland, declaring "Today there is a movement throughout the world towards the rejection of non-native constituents and the crystallization of national life from native elements." 4201:, who dissent from the Party leadership's desired platform on legalized abortion. In 2023, the Scottish Catholic Bishops joined with the Church of Scotland and the Scottish Association of Mosques to express concern about the SNP's recent attacks against the religious beliefs of 4054:. Fr John Farrell the last headteacher there was sentenced to five years imprisonment. Paul Kelly, a teacher, was sentenced to ten years. More than 100 charges involving 35 boys were made regarding the orphanage, which had been closed down in 1983. In 2019, it emerged that the 3160:, which introduced offences of pursuing a racially aggravated course of conduct that amounts to harassment of a person. The 1998 Act also required courts to take into account where offences are racially motivated, when determining sentence. In the twenty-first century the 3180:, criminalised behaviour which is threatening, hateful, or otherwise offensive at a regulated football match including offensive singing or chanting. It also criminalised the communication of threats of serious violence and threats intended to incite religious hatred. 5831:

Gilfillan, P. (2015) Nation and culture in the renewal of Scottish Catholicism. Open House, 252, page 9: 'Professor David McCrone reported that 57% of Scotland's Catholics were manual working class, while only 48% of the general population were classified as working

2252:. They joined the Jesuit order and returned to attempt conversions. Their focus was mainly on the court, which led them into involvement in a series of complex political plots and entanglements. The majority of surviving Scottish lay followers were largely ignored. 4005:

Between the two censuses, numbers in Glasgow with no religion rose significantly while those noting their affiliation to the Church of Scotland dropped significantly so that the latter fell below those that identified with an affiliation to the Catholic Church.

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over the mission in 1694. The country was organised into districts and by 1703 there were thirty-three Catholic clergy. In 1733 it was divided into two vicariates, one for the Highland and one for the Lowland, each under a bishop. A Catholic seminary in

4237:, and other issues. A spokesman for the Scottish bishops said that the attacks against Forbes risked, "permanently damaging the ability of religious believers to enter politics", and further illustrate, "the decline of tolerance for religious views." 2768:

landlords, Fr. Michael MacDonald has since commented, "I think that one of the things that may have influenced the boldness of the priests at that time was simply that they had no relations on the islands who could have been got at by the estate

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According to historian Daniel Szechi, however, the government's post-Culloden backlash focused upon the Catholic clergy and laity of the Highland District, while leaving the much larger and better organized Lowland District reasonably unscathed.

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There has also been even worse publicity related to the sexual abuse of minors. In 2016, a headteacher and teacher of the St Ninian's Orphanage, Falkland, Fife were sentenced for abuse at the orphanage from 1979 to 1983 when it was run by the

4039:. Criticism was also levelled at perceived intransigence on joint faith schools and threats to withdraw acquiescence unless guarantees of separate genders having different staff rooms, toilets, gyms, visitor, and pupil entrances were not met. 2244:, initially took relatively little interest in Scotland as a target of missionary work. Their effectiveness was limited by rivalries between different orders at Rome. The initiative was taken by a small group of Scots connected with the 4024:

17% are Other White (mostly other British or Irish), 1% is either Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British, and an additional 1% is either mixed-race or from multiple ethnicities; African; Caribbean or black; or from other ethnic groups.

2088:. It is presumed to have survived among the Brythonic enclaves in the south of modern Scotland, but retreated as the pagan Anglo-Saxons advanced. Scotland was largely converted by Irish-Scots missions associated with figures such as 2946:

Mass immigration to Scotland saw the emergence of sectarian tensions. Although the interwar Catholic community in Scotland was overwhelmingly working-class and endangered by poverty and economic crises, it was able to cope with the

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predominate and the Scottish church established its independence from England and developed a clearer diocesan structure, becoming a "special daughter of the see of Rome" but lacking leadership in the form of archbishops. In the

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these 23,000 were in the Highlands." Another estimate for 1764 is of 13,166 Catholics in the Highlands, perhaps a quarter of whom had emigrated by 1790, and another source estimates Catholics as perhaps 10% of the population.

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over senior appointments to the hierarchy and two archbishoprics had accordingly been established by the end of the fifteenth century. While some historians have discerned a decline of monasticism in the Late Middle Ages, the

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have come in for harsh criticism especially from the political left in recent years. Apart from inflicting a peculiarly censorious and dour version of Christianity on the population, they are charged with imbuing them with

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leadership's veto on bombing operations in Scotland, which were considered counterproductive to many other useful covert operations there, prevented the Troubles from continuing to spill over and further escalating.

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among some of them. In particular, large numbers of Catholics emigrated from the Western Highlands in the period 1770 to 1810 and there is evidence that anti Catholic sentiment (along with famine, poverty, and

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in the 1970s and 1980s, and switched to the SNP as their preferred party. Scottish Catholics also emerged as a staunchly pro-independence group – according to a 2020 poll, 70% of Scottish Catholics supported

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against pubs frequented by Catholics on 17 February 1979. The Glasgow-based UVF active service unit responsible for the bombings were arrested, convicted and incarcerated. Experts now believe that only the

4187:. This is ironic, as the television series' historically inaccurate and allegedly negative depiction of 18th-century Catholic "heather priests" and Protestant ministers had previously drawn accusations of 4058:

of the Christian Brothers, approved the placement of Farrell at St Ninian's despite previous reports of interfering with boys at a South African boarding school where it was recommended by the African

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overpopulation of these districts, together with the oppression of the landlords, are the principal causes of the departure of so many, not only among the Catholics, but also among the Protestants."

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In 2011, Catholics outnumbered adherents of the Church of Scotland in several council areas, including North Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, West Dunbartonshire, and the most populous one: Glasgow City.

3211:. Richardson, a Catholic, was born in Ireland and is a naturalised United States citizen. She is the first woman to hold that office and first Catholic to hold it since the Scottish Reformation. 2047:. Between 1994 and 2002, Catholic attendance in Scotland declined 19% to just over 200,000. By 2008, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland estimated that 184,283 attended Mass regularly. 2892:, particularly after the restoration of the Scottish Hierarchy in the 1878, that Irish priests were only used to organize parishes and schools and then immediately replaced by the bishops with 3103:

The association between football and displays of sectarian behaviour by some fans has been a source of embarrassment and concern to the management of certain clubs. The bitter rivalry between

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This relative economic stability allowed the Catholic community to enter the political and social life of Scotland, sparking outrage among anti-Catholic and unionist circles, most notably the

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Between 1982 and 2010, the proportion of Scottish Catholics dropped 18%, baptisms dropped 39%, and Catholic church marriages dropped 63%. The number of priests also dropped. Between the

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and Protestants. Sectarian tensions can still be very real, though perhaps diminished compared with past decades. Perhaps the greatest psychological breakthrough was when Rangers signed

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Such officially hostile attitudes started to wane considerably from the 1930s and 1940s onwards, especially as the leadership of the Church of Scotland learned of what was happening in

2540:, Campbell and his helpers complained at length that, due to the fear of displeasing the local ministers, elders, and parish school-masters, it had become almost impossible to collect 7404: 3127:(a Catholic) in 1989. Celtic, on the other hand, have never had a policy of not signing players due to their religion, and some of the club's greatest figures have been Protestants. 2394:, who was missionary then, and afterward Bishop, being informed of the threats in a safe retreat in which he was in a little island, surrendered himself, and was carried prisoner to 7409: 3905: 3100:; relations between denominational leaders are now very cordial. Unlike the relationship between the hierarchies of the different churches, however, some communal tensions remain. 4318: 4194:

2024 Police Scotland data revealed that 33% of all anti-religious hate crimes in Scotland are directed towards Catholics, with Catholics making up just 13% of the population.

5627:(DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, published in association with Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington , 2008), 12–28, 74–75,95–6,114–24,164–68,175–6,182–92,202,231 3199:

MP in 2001 attracted considerably more media comment that she was the first woman to hold the post than that she was the second Catholic. Also notable was the appointment of

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in the fourteenth century, and some evidence of heresy in this period, the church in Scotland remained relatively stable before the Reformation in the sixteenth century.

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In recent years the Catholic Church in Scotland has experienced negative publicity in the mainstream media due to statements made by bishops in defence of traditional

2168:, to meet the spiritual needs of the population. New saints and cults of devotion also proliferated. Despite problems over the number and quality of clergy after the 7522: 6165: 3785: 6822: 3311: 356: 7658: 6832: 6653: 4066: 3686: 6616: 5811: 1299: 6135: 4020:

According to the 2011 UK Census, Catholics comprise 16% of the overall population, making it the second-largest church after the Church of Scotland (32%).

3028:, accusing the largely immigrant Catholic population of subverting Presbyterian values and of spreading drunkenness, crime, and financial imprudence. Rev. 1461: 6958: 4308: 7084: 3764: 1249: 6363: 3741: 2453:, was less fortunate. Fr. Cameron died aboard the prison hulk due to the hardship of his imprisonment on 19 October 1746. During the 21st century, the 2096:

institutions and collegiate churches that served large areas. Partly as a result of these factors, some scholars have identified a distinctive form of

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Forcible Displacement Throughout the Ages: Towards an International Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Forcible Displacement

4111: 4091: 2842: 2530:) and his many assistant collectors had very different reasons for criticising what they saw as the unnecessary excesses of the Calvinisation of the 3092:

directly attacking the Catholic Church. In 1990, both the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church were founding members of the ecumenical bodies

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have been Catholics who have written frequently about their Catholic faith in their work. Their numbers have included Scottish Gaelic national poet

3834: 4013:, especially Barra and South Uist, populated by Gaelic-speaking Scots of long-standing; and (2) the eastern suburbs of Glasgow, especially around 2485:

made its great breakthrough among the Gaelic Highlanders, virtually snapping cultural bonds that had linked them to Ireland since the lordship of

501: 6240: 3971:, 38.3% of persons responding to the 2001 UK Census reported themselves to be Catholic compared to 40.9% as adherents of the Church of Scotland. 341: 4298: 8473: 6817: 6812: 6663: 6573: 3918: 3891: 3853: 3438: 3322: 3280: 2789:

and its vicinity, and other industrial communities in the West of Scotland, but also in many rural communities, where Irish migrants worked as

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Roughly half of Catholic parishes in the West of Scotland were closed or merged because of a priest shortage and over half have closed in the

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financially under Catholicism's illegal status. Clergy entered the country secretly and although services were illegal they were maintained.

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According to Roger Hutchinson, Bishop MacDonald's choice to assign Gaelic-speaking priests from the Scottish mainland to parishes in the

1764:, went abroad to study, others remained in Scotland and attended strictly illegal seminaries. After an early seminary upon Eilean Bàn in 867: 6306: 1812:, wrote to a correspondent that "the first cleric character I ever saw was a Roman Catholick", he was referring to Bishop John Geddes. 8763: 8226: 2588:

pessimism and political passivity, and with encouraging them to dwell on trivial points of doctrine while their communities were being

9005: 7729: 7142: 6609: 4035:, Bishop of Motherwell, came under fire after alleging that the "gay lobby" were mounting "a giant conspiracy" to completely destroy 2826:

The same community saw regular outbreaks of violence in the pubs on the paydays of local Irish navvies and the first of many serious

1189: 917: 7531: 6979: 3963:, the proportion of Catholics remained steady while that of other Christians denominations, notably the Church of Scotland dropped. 9149: 8611: 7508: 4550:

O. Clancy, "The Scottish provenance of the 'Nennian' recension of Historia Brittonum and the Lebor Bretnach " in: S. Taylor (ed.),

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in 1715 and 1745 further increased the persecution faced by Catholics in Scotland. The repression was particularly intense during (

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Christianity was probably introduced to what is now lowland Scotland from Roman soldiers stationed in the north of the province of

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who both moved into Scotland's cities and industrial towns during the 19th century, especially during the Highland Clearances, the

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Even though he acknowledges the vitally important role determination to keep the landowning gentry from appointing and removing

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and landed some men, who threatened they would lay desolate the whole island if the priest was not delivered up to them. Father

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At a smaller geographic scale, one finds that the two most Catholic parts of Scotland are: (1) the southernmost islands of the

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In 2020, the Scottish Bishops accused the SNP of "open and vicious hostility" towards Christians within their own ranks, like

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After receiving his post following the 1878 Restoration of the Hierarchy and during the last decade of the Clearances, Bishop

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MacPhail, I.M.M. (1972). "Dumbarton Through the Centuries: A Short History of Dumbarton". Dumbarton Town Council. p. 81.

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that were keeping a majority of the Catholic and Protestant population of the Highlands and Islands critically impoverished.

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and other recusant districts in the Northeast of Scotland. Even though this was intended to assimilate Irish Catholics into

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From the 1980s the UK government passed several acts that had provisions concerning sectarian violence. These included the

2425:. Like the other priests deported with him, Fr. Grant returned to Scotland almost immediately. His fellow prisoner, Father 1521: 1511: 1506: 1259: 1127: 1112: 376: 6382: 6254: 6169: 5783: 5169: 9375: 8912: 8701: 8505: 8401: 8077: 7823: 5757: 5726: 4313: 3975:

also already had a large Catholic minority at 36.8% compared to 40.0% in the Church of Scotland. Following in order were

2999: 2592:. There is something in the charge. Few Highland ministers emulated the Catholic clergy of Ireland, who commandeered the 2580: 2536: 2056: 1447: 1319: 1117: 268: 6333: 1984: 284: 8361: 7447: 7399: 7274: 7269: 7070: 6673: 6658: 6634: 4139: 4051: 3522: 3371: 3259: 2694: 1645: 1329: 1037: 1032: 768: 715: 214: 144: 127: 2845:

in October 1855. A very similar riot had previously been incited by Orr, whom Tim Pat Coogan has compared to the Rev.

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and a puritanical distaste for instrumental music and dancing, which have only recently regained popular acceptance".

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mobs. The Orange Order also frequently and deliberately staged provocative marches through Catholic neighbourhoods.

2133: 1890: 1565: 1535: 219: 9301: 9099: 7813: 7798: 7778: 7638: 7234: 6999: 6933: 6923: 6424: 4303: 3505: 3418: 2916: 1976: 1894: 1600: 1540: 1357: 1142: 997: 416: 8738: 5808: 9321: 9056: 8995: 8975: 8880: 8807: 8165: 7955: 7838: 4055: 3192: 3089: 1694: 852: 745: 690: 533: 516: 321: 6143: 9169: 8575: 8246: 7982: 7972: 7334: 7019: 5673: 5117: 5008: 4886: 4860: 4781: 4760: 4386: 2995: 1516: 1309: 1244: 1194: 1154: 1097: 663: 658: 593: 538: 421: 351: 6229:

Scotland's Census 2011. Table LC2201SC – Ethnic group by religion (Spreadsheet). National Records of Scotland.

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with the Catholic Church. It has faculty to celebrate a distinct variant of the Roman Rite based on both the

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in the past, and Labour politicians openly courted Catholic voters and accused their opponents such as the

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Gilfillan, P. (2015) Nation and culture in the renewal of Scottish Catholicism. Open House, 252, pp. 8-10.

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claimed plans to teach sex education in pre-schools amounted to "state-sponsored sexual abuse of minors."

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in an old store in College Street. In 1837, it was estimated that there were 284 Catholics in Dumbarton".

1992: 8711: 8570: 8515: 7977: 7967: 7940: 7783: 7457: 7442: 7389: 7319: 7314: 7289: 7147: 3157: 2564: 1909:), it is estimated that, in 2009, there were about 850,000 Catholics in the country of 5.1 million. 1898: 1409: 1399: 1384: 1289: 1214: 1184: 1159: 1082: 1077: 1052: 922: 800: 740: 710: 695: 685: 613: 573: 548: 391: 386: 366: 331: 316: 7427: 2120:, although most of these issues had been resolved by the mid-seventh century. After the reconversion of 52: 9076: 8990: 8873: 8706: 8500: 8208: 8202: 8052: 7997: 7878: 7359: 7344: 7294: 7254: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7192: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7152: 7137: 7132: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7014: 6984: 6897: 5195:"Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760–1860". 4323: 4282: 4272: 4042:

In 2003, a Catholic church spokesman branded sex education as "pornography" and now disgraced Cardinal

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as metropolitan; the Diocese of Glasgow remained separate and directly subject to the Apostolic See.

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from the tenth century, Christianity under papal authority was the dominant religion of the kingdom.

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legislated against sectarianism. This included provision for religiously aggravated offences in the

1717:, several pockets in Scotland retained a significant pre-Reformation Catholic population, including 9066: 8716: 8696: 8631: 8545: 8478: 8436: 8396: 8351: 8216: 8118: 8084: 7915: 7715: 7324: 7249: 7219: 4119: 3487: 2893: 2746: 2718: 2698: 2523: 2368: 2308: 2148: 2022: 1870: 1851: 1831: 1757: 1678: 1379: 1334: 1324: 1314: 1304: 1209: 1087: 1012: 982: 872: 857: 847: 705: 680: 653: 643: 633: 618: 543: 486: 441: 426: 406: 396: 371: 311: 36: 6425:"Catholic priests unmasked: 'God doesn't like boys who cry' | World news | The Observer" 5143: 4403: 2756:

was accordingly no accident. About that time, when the Bishop and his priests were the leaders of

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In 1986, the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland expressly repudiated the sections of the

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and six new dioceses were created: five of them were organised into a single province with the

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who were of even partially Slavic or Jewish ancestry were not considered "true" members of the

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The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study

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The Fate of Glengarry: or, The Expatriation of the Macdonells, an historico-biographical study

2186: 9207: 9035: 8753: 8668: 8640: 8616: 8456: 8381: 8316: 8096: 8047: 7900: 7888: 6766: 4172: 4152: 4115: 4095: 3947: 3858: 3540: 3300: 3239: 3153: 3136: 3029: 2812: 2621: 2531: 2515: 2458: 2454: 2316: 2225: 2121: 1956: 1874: 1866: 1815: 1714: 122: 110: 8550: 2497:, took on the contours they have since preserved - a region marked by a strong tradition of 1996: 1901:

descent, with more recent immigrants again boosting the numbers of continental Catholics of

9311: 9306: 9202: 8947: 8927: 8896: 8797: 8743: 8730: 8331: 8175: 8170: 8034: 8016: 7828: 7773: 7590: 7559: 6948: 6882: 6857: 6790: 6776: 6740: 6350: 6234: 5730: 4184: 4107: 4087: 3980: 3651: 3621: 3443: 3273: 3234: 3120: 3059: 3003: 2827: 2726: 2706: 2671:-speaking pioneer settlement was established for Scottish Catholics through the efforts of 2430: 2383: 2283: 2263: 2203: 2191: 2181: 2004: 2000: 1781: 1753: 1710: 1610: 1605: 1595: 1477: 185: 61: 2869:, but whose ministerial reputation collapsed following allegations of womanizing in 1885. 8: 9331: 8840: 8812: 8535: 8530: 8510: 8428: 8376: 8341: 8294: 8140: 8072: 8042: 7930: 7910: 7863: 7803: 7793: 7760: 7750: 6872: 6862: 6842: 6473: 4949: 4932: 4147: 4059: 3988: 3976: 3912: 3815: 3326: 3304: 3296: 3161: 3014: 2904:

as quickly as possible, the Hierarchy's success in this policy ultimately proved mixed.

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in the mid-16th century, when the Church in Scotland broke with the papacy and adopted a

2097: 2011: 1964: 1843: 1819: 1625: 4794: 9192: 9109: 9030: 9010: 8758: 8621: 8488: 8261: 8256: 8198: 8111: 7935: 7858: 7843: 7477: 7039: 6867: 6852: 6756: 6726: 6511:"'SNP aren't taking it seriously' Scotland wide data shows toll of anti-Catholic abuse" 6070: 6052: 6034: 6016: 5998: 5980: 5962: 5944: 5870: 5200: 4575:

C. Evans, "The Celtic Church in Anglo-Saxon times", in J. D. Woods, D. A. E. Pelteret,

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as its principal and vice-chancellor. St Andrews is the third oldest university in the

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We're Indians Sure Enough: The Legacy of the Scottish Highlanders in the United States

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Defending the True Faith: Kirk, State, and Catholic Missioners in Scotland, 1653-1755

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In early 2013, Scotland's most senior cleric, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, resigned after

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The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church

4159:

Jamie McGowan credited "The Outlander Effect", rooted in the enormous popularity of

3013:

The escalating violence and skirmishes, particularly between pro- and anti-Catholic

2651:

in Rome, Fr. Austin MacDonald wrote, "On account of the emigration of the people of

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In addition to Bishop MacDonnell, there were many other "heather priests", such as

2632: 2601: 2386:, "Early in the spring of 1746, some ships of war came to the coast of the isle of 2364: 2339:

Numbers probably reduced in the seventeenth century and organisation deteriorated.

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Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds, 1770-1810 and the role of the clergy

4439:"Census reveals huge rise in number of non-religious Scots (From Herald Scotland)" 4404:"Immigration and Emigration – Scotland – Strathclyde – Lithuanians in Lanarkshire" 3178:

Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012

2729:

agitation. The Bishop and his priests became leading and formidable activists for

2710:, who similarly followed their evicted and voluntary émigré parishioners into the 2312: 1913: 1827: 9350: 9020: 8854: 8678: 8658: 8276: 8160: 7051: 6495: 6281:"Bishop rejects plans for seven new joint-campus mixed-faith schools – Education" 6215: 5815: 5274:

Emigration from the Scottish Catholic bounds 1770–1810 and the role of the clergy

5038: 4390: 4099: 3496: 3452: 3448: 3401: 3288: 3230: 3222: 3156:, which introduced offences relating to the incitement of racial hatred, and the 3044: 2866: 2858: 2820: 2800:

districts of North-East Scotland played an important part in providing support.

2702: 2668: 2549: 2482: 2395: 2347: 1917: 1773: 1734: 1698: 73: 6089: 5288:

The Catholic Highlands of Scotland. Volume II: The Western Highlands and Islands

4179:, not only socially acceptable, but even into a fashionable element of Scottish 3172:

strengthened statutory aggravations for both racially and religiously motivated

2108:

were more relaxed, and there were some significant differences in practice with

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Catholic Church cAlls out SNP's "Vicious Hostility" towards Pro-Life Christians

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The Forgotten Cameron of the '45: The Life and Times of Alexander Cameron, S.J.

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substantially increased the number of Catholics in the country, especially in

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described themselves as being Catholic, compared with 32% affiliated with the

9364: 9242: 9025: 8682: 8446: 8386: 8355: 8231: 7678: 7489: 6989: 6928: 6578: 6334:"Two men found guilty of sexually abusing and assaulting boys at St Ninian's" 6255:"Catholic bishop hits out at 'gay conspiracy' to destroy Christianity – News" 5295: 4267: 4168: 4083: 4074:

allegations of sexual misconduct were made against him and partially admitted

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is a jurisdiction equivalent to a diocese for former Anglicans received into

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by recruiting missionaries like Rev. Patrick MacMenemy, a native speaker of

2631:

did not target people for ethnic or religious reasons, there is evidence of

2278:, converted to the Catholic Church despite the risks involved. For example, 9197: 8969: 8441: 8391: 8336: 7905: 6730: 5926: 5610:

Duncan B. Forrester "Ecclesia Scoticana – Established, Free, or National?"

4552:

Picts, Kings, Saints and Chronicles: A Festschrift for Marjorie O. Anderson

4230: 4198: 4135: 4036: 3984: 3732: 3724: 3376: 3318:

ritual church of Byzantine Rite that is part of the larger Catholic Church.

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in the Levengrove policies and later, just before their church was built,

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The era's level of sectarian violence was not to be seen again until the

2983: 2850: 2846: 2761: 2637: 2418: 2410: 2169: 1952: 1847: 199: 22: 6364:"Archbishop urges faithful to resist pessimism ahead of parish closures" 6071:"Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 5204: 5052: 4383: 4062:

that Farrell should never be placed in a boarding school in the future.

3130: 3115:, is known worldwide for its sectarian dimension. Celtic was founded by 2600:

several decades on. The Catholic clergy in agitated Irish counties like

2092:

from the fifth to the seventh centuries. These missions tended to found

1709:

for nearly a millennium, the Catholic Church was outlawed following the

9212: 8865: 7848: 6551: 5743:

E. Kelly, "Challenging Sectarianism in Scotland: The Prism of Racism",

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member, was receiving significant attacks for expressing her belief in

4014: 3968: 3728: 3704: 3292: 3214:

The Catholic Church recognises the separate identities of Scotland and

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riots that negatively affected Dumbarton's reputation after Protestant

2545: 2508: 2490: 2279: 2216: 2212: 2109: 2089: 1929: 1885:. However, there are also significant numbers of Scottish Catholics of 1765: 1718: 1702: 5338: 4487: 8185: 6017:"Glasgow (Latin (or Roman) Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 5597: 5572: 5547: 5291: 4772:

James Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, Trent Pomplun, eds,

4131: 4127: 3867:

clergy, religious and laity resident in England, Wales and Scotland.

3828: 3276:

throughout the world, including those stationed on bases in Scotland.

3264:

There are four entities that encompass Scotland, England, and Wales.

2935: 2911:, and Lithuanian immigrants further reinforced the numbers. The post- 2804: 2512: 2406: 2356: 2207: 2157: 2093: 1925: 1865:

Many Scottish Roman Catholics in the Lowlands are the descendants of

1789: 1777: 1738: 7707: 6035:"Motherwell (Latin (or Roman) Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 5640:(DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004), 139, 149, 175–8. 4017:, populated mostly by the descendants of Irish Catholic immigrants. 3951:

Percentage claiming to be Catholic in the 2011 UK Census in Scotland

1947:

Similarly to iconic Pre-Reformation Scottish poets and writers like

8495: 8266: 7738: 7672: 7472: 7034: 4248: 4226: 4214: 4210: 4156: 3532: 3460: 3413: 3389: 3112: 3036: 2979: 2975: 2889: 2816: 2808: 2797: 2753: 2730: 2652: 2597: 2486: 2275: 2195: 2117: 1988: 1916:

has been both Catholic and Protestant in modern times. A number of

1730: 1722: 1706: 1485: 1432: 171: 5999:"Galloway (Latin (or Roman) Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 5887:

Raymond Bonner "In Scotland, New Leadership Crumbles Old Barrier"

5587: 5562: 5537: 5272: 9232: 6053:"Paisley (Latin (or Roman) Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 3580: 3338: 2786: 2644: 2405:

After long and cruel imprisonment with other Catholic priests at

2249: 2241: 2113: 1948: 1937: 1933: 6591:(selection of archive films relating to Catholicism in Scotland) 5747:

Vol 42 (First Series), Issue 1, 2003, pp. 32–56, ISSN 0966-0356.

4090:

shrine dedicated to Our Lady of the Highlands on the grounds of

2481:

faltered in the urban and increasingly industrialised Lowlands,

1905:

descent in Scotland. Owing to immigration (overwhelmingly white

8592: 7584: 5299: 3492: 3409: 2352: 2332: 6568: 6192:"Table 2 Changes in religion in Glasgow between 2001 and 2011" 4653: 4319:

Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops

3870:

Principal Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory

3002:

in Scotland reached its peak in the early 1930s, and Catholic

6213:"Census reveals huge rise in number of non-religious Scots", 5963:"Argyll and The Isles (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 5428:

Dumbarton Through the Centuries: A Short History of Dumbarton

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shrine to 'Our Lady of the Highlands', within the grounds of

3906:

Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly

3393: 2931: 2857:

rioted. Attempts were also made to convert Irish migrants to

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The Highland Clearances: People, Landlords and Rural Turmoil

5257:

Richards, Eric (2008). "Chapter 4, Section VI: Emigration".

5234:, James Duffy & Co. Ltd., Dublin pp. 6–11, 18–31, 43–45. 6118:"Census reveals huge rise in number of non-religious Scots" 5326:

Bishop Alexander MacDonell and The Politics of Upper Canada

5245:

Bishop Alexander MacDonell and The Politics of Upper Canada

4983:"Knights of St. Columba Council No. 1 – Glasgow University" 4206: 3708: 3500: 3405: 3233:. Scottish Catholics increasingly started identifying with 3119:

immigrants and Rangers has traditionally been supported by

3052: 2682:. The settlement's inhabitants consisted of members of the 1780:

was established in 1716 and rebuilt in the 1760s by Bishop

5061: 2620:

from 1755 is a Catholic clandestine church located at the

2548:

in Gaelic-speaking regions that had recently converted to

1826:. As the Church was slowly rebuilding its presence in the 1806:, who also gifted the Bishop with the volume now known as 247: 5849:"Nationalism and "sectarianism" in contemporary Scotland" 4393:

www.archdiocese-edinburgh.com. Retrieved 21 February 2009

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The Menace of the Irish Race to our Scottish Nationality

2489:. The Highlands, outside tiny Catholic enclaves like in 2021:, who together helped lay the foundation for the modern 6823:

Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London

6307:"Church labels sex education 'pornography' – Education" 5524: