124:
1104:
805:
747:
925:
1034:
921:). Each council has authority over its constituents, and the representatives at each level are expected to use their own judgment. For example, each session approves and installs its own elders, and each presbytery approves the ministers serving within its territory and the connections between those ministers and particular congregations. Hence higher level councils act as courts of appeal for church trials and disputes, and it is not uncommon to see rulings and decisions overturned.
995:
858:
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27:
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dispense with such titles as "Popes, Patriarchs, Cardinals, Arch-Bishops, Lord-Bishops, Arch-Deacons, Officials, Commissaries, and the like" as unlawful and a "dishonor of Christ Jesus". The congregation has its being without any ministers and is enabled to elect and install its own officers.
965:(1618/1619) will, in general, consider their levels of government "broader" rather than "higher" courts. Additionally, the reformed classis is a temporary, delegated body, so the minister is firstly a member of his congregation as opposed to the standing presbytery.
1237:
is considered desirable in some (esp. reformed) traditions, preferring two or more officers in the local church. The contrasts with singular models often found in Roman
Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches, or the "pastor/president" system of some
820:
churches use a derivative of episcopalianism known as connexional polity. It emphasizes essential interdependence through fellowship, consultation, government and oversight. Some
Methodist churches have
977:
1151:
may be used to describe functionaries in minor leadership roles, such as a leader of an individual congregation; it may also be used as an honorific, particularly within the
1273:
Conversely, one minister may serve in two roles. A pastor with two churches may be said to have a "dual charge". In the Church of
England, two or more otherwise independent
1163:
Although a church's polity determines its ministers and discipline, it need not affect relations with other
Christian organizations. The unity of a church is an essential
972:
arguably contains a kind of lay presbyterian polity. Governance by bishops is paralleled by a system of deputies, who are lay and clerical representatives elected by
3447:
1030:
The number of offices in the church generally ranges from two (elder & deacon) to four (pastor, teacher, ruling elder & deacon) in congregational churches.
1746:
1171:, but because the divisions between churches presuppose the absence of mutual authority, internal polity does not directly answer how these divisions are treated.
1135:(LDS Church), are unique. Some have hierarchies similar to an episcopal polity, but may be more complex, with additional levels. Leaders are not always called
1885:
A study of the conflict and prestige of episcopal church authority with other forms of church polity as they affect inter-Christian relations and ecumenism.
543:
and "theological debate about the nature, location, and exercise of authority, in the church" has been ongoing ever since. The first act recorded after the
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as the principle that "all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns."
1929:
1311:
969:
1132:
461:
184:
743:
councils. Patterns of authority are subject to a wide variety of historical rights and honours which may cut across simple lines of authority.
903:
or, informally, just elders) are elected by the congregation. The session sends representatives to the next level higher council, called the
2728:
714:. These synods, subject to precedency by higher ranking bishops, may govern the dioceses which are represented in the council, though the
452:
1316:
1112:
91:
3011:
2881:
1812:
63:
1922:
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as the former term "containeth both government and also whatsoever besides belongeth to the ordering of the Church in public."
3359:
2738:
2227:
1255:
918:
44:
1877:
1856:
1785:
1755:
1710:
787:
370:
70:
3146:
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1108:
828:
Connexionalism is sometimes identified as an organization, while other times as relationship or theological principle. The
580:
497:
3245:
2821:
177:
2333:
1915:
959:) can also be described as presbyterian, with a few key differences. Continental churches that historically follow the
77:
881:
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2015:
1598:
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421:
251:
110:
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1306:
426:
59:
840:
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1375:
1062:
345:
170:
48:
574:, and consequently different Protestant bodies organized into different types of polities. During this period
3754:
2718:
961:
3789:
3528:
2936:
2617:
1120:
1864:
A study of religious authority (especially pp. 97–218) as well as the secular authority of the state.
1023:, or convention. Broader assemblies formed by delegates from congregationally governed churches (e.g. the
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1968:
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365:
1901:
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of the diocese and represents the diocese both secularly and in the hierarchy of church governance.
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3322:
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2296:
2242:
2237:
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490:
446:
395:
340:
236:
84:
839:
A minority of
Methodist denominations use another non-connexional form of government, such as the
3327:
2656:
2589:
2348:
2045:
1220:, the churches are autonomous, though the majority of members are organizationally united in the
1179:
1050:
1042:
1020:
1007:
829:
783:
226:
37:
3051:
1780:. McGrade, Arthur Stephen (ed.). Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xv–cix.
861:
A diagram of presbyterian polity according to The Form of
Presbyterial Church Government (1646).
735:. Instead, some authority may be held by synods and colleges of bishops, and other authority by
3681:
3638:
3617:
3607:
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2422:
2358:
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940:
563:
518:
416:
350:
256:
1896:
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An
Anglican deacon, bishop and priest. Priests are usually former deacons in episcopal polity.
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prescribed an ecclesiastical government different from the episcopal polity maintained by the
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3220:
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2524:
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2170:
2112:
2092:
2060:
1993:
1737:
1206:
989:
956:
514:
390:
380:
158:
1103:
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3354:
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3131:
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2778:
2758:
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2207:
2155:
2097:
1963:
1804:
1741:
1729:
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may involve officers of other churches, especially when the church participates in a local
932:
892:
539:
522:
320:
8:
3767:
3736:
3574:
3543:
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2788:
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2513:
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2003:
1946:
1818:
1650:
1473:
1298:
852:
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483:
325:
315:
201:
153:
1618:
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2137:
2117:
1938:
1251:
1221:
1191:
1128:
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As a "self-governed voluntary institution", it could be considered a type of religious
1073:
1006:, like presbyterianism, but retains the autonomy (lit. self-rule) of the local church.
822:
355:
310:
261:
3594:
3442:
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3386:
3255:
3250:
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2222:
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1845:
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1706:
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887:
763:
732:
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537:
Questions of church government were documented early on in the first chapters of the
288:
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2966:
2831:
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2508:
2433:
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2087:
1978:
1548:
1398:
1174:
For example, among churches of episcopal polity, different theories are expressed:
759:
641:
617:
360:
283:
143:
1847:
Freedom and
Authority: A Study of English Thought in the Early Seventeenth Century
1016:
804:
746:
3731:
3726:
3706:
3495:
3480:
3369:
3337:
3308:
3260:
2871:
2798:
2753:
2459:
2439:
2040:
1243:
1210:
866:
584:, the first volumes of which were published in 1594, to defend the polity of the
571:
552:
385:
375:
330:
246:
1536:
924:
3648:
3520:
3315:
3301:
3267:
3046:
2956:
2632:
2611:
2599:
2546:
2368:
2328:
2301:
2102:
2078:
2035:
1988:
1973:
1777:
1553:
1371:
799:
621:
575:
556:
548:
231:
148:
1209:
understands herself as a single polity whose supreme earthly authority is the
998:
A diagram of congregational polity according to the
Cambridge Platform (1648).
525:
offices or an authority structure between churches. Polity relates closely to
3783:
3533:
3399:
3196:
3186:
3016:
2763:
2748:
2733:
2696:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2417:
2269:
2150:
2050:
1774:
Of the Laws of
Ecclesiastical Polity: A Critical Edition with Modern Spelling
1562:
1267:
1239:
1199:
1038:
825:, but those individuals are not nearly as powerful as in episcopal churches.
567:
1623:. University of California Libraries. Boston, Nichols and Noyes. p. 67.
1033:
873:). The lowest level council governs a single local church and is called the
3716:
3686:
3404:
3191:
3181:
2773:
2536:
2469:
2444:
2409:
2317:
2165:
2055:
2030:
1808:
1680:
1187:
1168:
875:
681:
677:
597:
526:
241:
127:
The apostles Peter and John laying hands in ordination. Illustration, 1873.
943:, still called a cathedral despite no longer serving as an episcopal seat.
3721:
3711:
3701:
3538:
3414:
3294:
3136:
3121:
3106:
3101:
2986:
2961:
2783:
2646:
2427:
2264:
2083:
2025:
1348:
1247:
1217:
817:
779:
1797:
Biblical Eldership: An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership
1733:
994:
3419:
3279:
2951:
2906:
2846:
2836:
2743:
2627:
2622:
2494:
2197:
2020:
1955:
1195:
1012:
692:
673:
209:
857:
3553:
3287:
3151:
3126:
3116:
3021:
3001:
2841:
2723:
2594:
2477:
2373:
2306:
1907:
1092:
1003:
936:
928:
899:) is a member of and presides over the session; lay representatives (
813:
771:
720:
700:
26:
3111:
2941:
2556:
2541:
2454:
2393:
2175:
1983:
1259:
1183:
1164:
1054:
775:
767:
755:
691:
Bishops may be subject to higher ranking bishops (variously called
646:
980:
requires the separate consent of the bishops and of the deputies.
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3500:
3429:
3141:
3036:
3031:
2861:
2793:
2768:
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2217:
2070:
1799:(3rd ed.). Littleton, Colorado: Lewis & Roth Publishers.
1627:
1292:
1058:
913:. In some Presbyterian churches there are higher level councils (
672:, which is both sacramental and political; as well as performing
669:
589:
976:
and, at the national level, by the dioceses. Legislation in the
2651:
2519:
1814:
Pagan Christianity: Exploring the Roots of Our Church Practices
1382:. Vol. 1. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. p. 297.
973:
740:
725:
706:
685:
655:
3026:
2531:
914:
736:
715:
711:
659:
592:
objections. It is from the title of this work that the term
1504:
1190:, i. e., subjection to the authority of councils, such as
778:
churches, as well as amongst some of the African-American
731:
Churches governed by episcopacy do not simply adhere to a
668:. In the Catholic Church, bishops have authority over the
1072:
Historic statements of congregational polity include the
935:
were incompatible with the presbyterian polity taught by
1872:. Richmond, Virginia: John Knox Press (published 1969).
1747:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
808:
The ordination of Methodist Bishop Francis Asbury, 1784.
1817:. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House. Archived from
1516:
1478:
Sharing God's Gifts: Glossary of United Methodist Terms
955:
are not identical. Continental reformed churches (e.g.
1139:, in some cases they have secular-like titles such as
1417:
1338:
1336:
1288:
1870:
Power without Glory: A Study in Ecumenical Politics
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1844:
1705:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1266:. Advocates claim biblical precedent, citing that
1186:but are held to be unified by common doctrine and
1158:
718:may also be purely advisory. In episcopal polity,
1851:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Westminster Press.
1492:
1429:
1333:
1270:churches appear to all have had multiple elders.
654:Churches having episcopal polity are governed by
3781:
1069:because of the relative prevalence of Baptists.
1027:) do not have power to rule their constituents.
970:Episcopal Church in the United States of America
513:is the government of a church. There are local (
1312:Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses
1133:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
754:Episcopal polity is the predominant pattern in
1772:McGrade, Arthur Stephen (2013). Introduction.
1728:
1354:
1923:
1065:. Congregational polity is sometimes called
658:. The title bishop comes from the Greek word
491:
178:
1682:Richard Hooker and His Theory of Anglicanism
1242:churches. This is commonly encouraged among
1228:
1049:Churches with congregational polity include
869:are governed by a hierarchy of councils (or
3069:
1722:Introduction to the History of Christianity
1119:Other religious organizations, for example
1930:
1916:
1803:
1637:
1317:Polity of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
895:of the church (sometimes referred to as a
498:
484:
185:
171:
1867:
1724:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press.
1552:
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1734:"'Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity'"
1102:
1032:
993:
983:
923:
856:
803:
745:
645:
616:There are four general types of polity:
122:
1794:
1771:
1750:. New York: Bartleby (published 2000).
1688:(MA thesis). Chicago: Loyola University
1633:
1358:
1198:, and the former standing council, the
529:, the theological study of the church.
3782:
3360:Conditional preservation of the saints
3169:
1937:
1719:
1703:Christian Law: Contemporary Principles
1616:
1541:STJ | Stellenbosch Theological Journal
1449:"The many meanings of connectionalism"
1423:
1370:
1224:, which has no governmental authority.
1002:Congregational polity is historically
846:
596:may have originated. With respect to
3218:
3168:
3068:
2893:
1911:
1842:
1678:
1574:
1572:
1534:
1385:
1041:", who held office in congregational
793:
788:Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship
521:. A church's polity may describe its
1380:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
581:Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3246:Christian views on the Old Covenant
2894:
1700:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1435:
1342:
635:
517:) forms of organization as well as
13:
1835:
1569:
1537:"Dort, Doleantie and Church Order"
14:
3811:
3677:Attributes of God in Christianity
3219:
1890:
422:Sustainable Governance Indicators
3761:
1307:Hierarchy of the Catholic Church
1291:
1107:The LDS Church is governed by a
710:) They also meet in councils or
703:, depending upon the tradition;
427:Bertelsmann Transformation Index
25:
16:Government of Christian churches
1671:
1643:
1610:
1591:
1535:Faber, Ryan (22 January 2021).
1528:
1159:Polity, autonomy, and ecumenism
1063:Non-denominational Christianity
841:Congregational Methodist Church
770:churches. It is common in some
36:needs additional citations for
3750:Lists of Christian theologians
3448:Separation of church and state
1466:
1441:
1391:
1364:
1182:, the various churches retain
1098:
650:A diagram of episcopal polity.
566:, reformers asserted that the
1:
3755:Outline of Christian theology
2719:History of Christian theology
1617:Dexter, Henry Martyn (1865).
1453:United Methodist News Service
1322:
3529:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
1679:Becic, Marilyn Jean (1959).
1327:
684:, the bishop supervises the
600:, Hooker preferred the term
7:
3697:Love of God in Christianity
3565:Christian reconstructionism
3333:Priesthood of all believers
2254:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
1795:Strauch, Alexander (1995).
1284:
1045:, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1025:Southern Baptist Convention
470:Market governance mechanism
453:Governance, risk management
10:
3816:
1730:Foakes-Jackson, F. J.
1554:10.17570/stj.2020.v6n4.a10
987:
850:
797:
639:
532:
462:Environmental, social, and
3745:
3669:
3626:
3593:
3552:
3519:
3456:
3428:
3385:
3231:
3227:
3214:
3177:
3164:
3077:
3064:
2902:
2889:
2880:
2807:
2729:Calvinist–Arminian debate
2709:
2565:
2468:
2408:
2193:
2184:
2136:
2069:
2011:
2002:
1954:
1945:
1843:Cragg, Gerald R. (1975).
1720:Dowley, Tim, ed. (2002).
1480:. United Methodist Church
1229:Plurality and singularity
1113:Quorum of Twelve Apostles
962:Church Order of Dordrecht
885:; its members are called
545:Ascension of Jesus Christ
3466:Confessional Lutheranism
1513:, pp. 123, 150–151.
1086:Second London Confession
939:. This statue stands in
611:
447:Chief governance officer
3800:Ecclesiastical polities
3328:Protestant ecclesiology
3071:Eastern Orthodox Church
1902:Encyclopædia Britannica
1868:Henderson, Ian (1967).
1651:"Glossary of key terms"
1043:First Church in Roxbury
1008:Congregational churches
830:United Methodist Church
784:Church of God in Christ
782:traditions such as the
660:
60:"Ecclesiastical polity"
3682:Christian universalism
3618:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
3608:Imparted righteousness
3491:Lutheran scholasticism
3345:Protestant Soteriology
1638:Viola & Barna 2008
1606:. London. 1652 . VI.1.
1600:The Cambridge Platform
1581:The Cambridge Platform
1116:
1046:
999:
944:
862:
809:
751:
664:, which translates as
651:
564:Protestant Reformation
417:World Governance Index
128:
3795:Christian terminology
3692:Grace in Christianity
3506:Theology of the Cross
2947:Immaculate Conception
2642:New Covenant theology
2061:Social trinitarianism
1897:Ecclesiastical polity
1207:Roman Catholic Church
1121:Seventh-day Adventist
1106:
1036:
997:
990:Congregational polity
984:Congregational polity
951:and the Presbyterian
927:
860:
807:
749:
649:
594:ecclesiastical polity
511:Ecclesiastical polity
135:Ecclesiastical polity
126:
3613:Second work of grace
3603:Christian perfection
3471:Evangelical Catholic
3355:Conditional election
3273:Evangelical theology
2912:Apostolic succession
2228:Conditional Security
1701:Doe, Norman (2013).
1655:www.crockford.org.uk
1525:, pp. 123, 151.
1281:by a single priest.
724:(elder) refers to a
547:was the election of
540:Acts of the Apostles
464:corporate governance
45:improve this article
3790:Church organization
3768:Christianity portal
3737:Unlimited atonement
3544:Prosperity theology
3375:Unlimited atonement
3087:Cataphatic theology
2992:Papal infallibility
2937:Ecumenical Councils
2789:Counter-Reformation
1403:Merriam-Webster.com
1376:Morris, Christopher
1355:Foakes-Jackson 1909
1299:Christianity portal
1256:Disciples of Christ
1235:plurality of elders
1192:ecumenical councils
1125:Jehovah's Witnesses
853:Presbyterian polity
847:Presbyterian polity
3580:Lordship salvation
3486:Lutheran orthodoxy
3438:Believer's baptism
3171:Oriental Orthodoxy
3082:Apophatic theology
3042:Transubstantiation
2927:Christian humanism
2917:Assumption of Mary
1939:Christian theology
1742:Waller, A. R.
1620:Congregationalism:
1252:Churches of Christ
1222:Anglican Communion
1129:the Salvation Army
1117:
1074:Cambridge Platform
1051:Congregationalists
1047:
1000:
978:general convention
945:
919:general assemblies
863:
810:
794:Connexional polity
752:
652:
129:
3777:
3776:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3644:Messianic Judaism
3443:Immersion baptism
3395:Anglo-Catholicism
3256:Dispensationalism
3251:Covenant theology
3210:
3209:
3202:Aphthartodocetism
3160:
3159:
3060:
3059:
2705:
2704:
2585:Dispensationalism
2552:Church discipline
2404:
2403:
2384:Union with Christ
2156:Angelic hierarchy
2132:
2131:
1879:978-0-8042-1497-1
1858:978-0-664-20738-0
1787:978-0-19-960491-3
1757:978-1-58734-073-4
1712:978-1-107-00692-8
1264:Plymouth Brethren
1180:Eastern Orthodoxy
1153:Holiness movement
1082:Saybrook Platform
1078:Savoy Declaration
867:Reformed churches
764:Oriental Orthodox
586:Church of England
508:
507:
195:
194:
121:
120:
113:
95:
3807:
3765:
3557:
3365:Prevenient grace
3229:
3228:
3216:
3215:
3166:
3165:
3097:Essence–energies
3066:
3065:
3007:Quartodecimanism
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2799:Great Awakenings
2434:Incurvatus in se
2191:
2190:
2088:Hypostatic union
2009:
2008:
1979:Biblical studies
1952:
1951:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1883:
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1768:
1766:
1764:
1738:Ward, A. W.
1725:
1716:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1647:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1361:, p. xxxii.
1352:
1346:
1340:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1277:may be 'held in
760:Eastern Orthodox
733:chain of command
663:
642:Episcopal polity
636:Episcopal polity
500:
493:
486:
346:Higher education
252:Multistakeholder
197:
196:
187:
180:
173:
131:
130:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3741:
3732:Problem of Hell
3727:Problem of evil
3707:Omnibenevolence
3653:
3622:
3589:
3555:
3548:
3515:
3496:Neo-Lutheranism
3481:Loci Theologici
3452:
3424:
3381:
3370:Total depravity
3338:Church covenant
3309:Soli Deo gloria
3261:Supersessionism
3223:
3206:
3173:
3156:
3073:
3056:
2898:
2896:Catholic Church
2876:
2803:
2754:Semipelagianism
2701:
2612:A-millennialism
2561:
2464:
2460:Total depravity
2440:Occasion of sin
2400:
2180:
2128:
2065:
2041:Theology proper
1998:
1941:
1936:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1863:
1859:
1838:
1836:Further reading
1833:
1824:
1822:
1788:
1778:Hooker, Richard
1762:
1760:
1758:
1713:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1632:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1587:. 1652 . VII.6.
1584:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1372:Hooker, Richard
1369:
1365:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1231:
1211:Supreme Pontiff
1161:
1101:
992:
986:
855:
849:
802:
796:
644:
638:
614:
572:Catholic Church
553:Twelve Apostles
535:
504:
475:
474:
466:
463:
457:
454:
442:
441:
432:
431:
412:
411:
402:
401:
400:
371:Security sector
366:Political party
305:
304:
295:
294:
293:
278:
277:
268:
267:
266:
221:
220:
191:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3649:Restorationism
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3585:Predestination
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3521:Pentecostalist
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3323:Fundamentalism
3320:
3316:Solus Christus
3312:
3305:
3302:Sola scriptura
3298:
3291:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3268:Evangelicalism
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3047:Ultramontanism
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2957:Infant baptism
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2932:Traditionalism
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2635:
2633:Apocalypticism
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2600:Millenarianism
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:Full communion
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2511:
2506:
2504:Congregational
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2369:Sanctification
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Reconciliation
2336:
2334:Recapitulation
2331:
2329:Predestination
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:Means of grace
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:Christocentric
2100:
2095:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Theocentricism
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:Law and Gospel
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1892:
1891:External links
1889:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1865:
1857:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1821:on 2 July 2010
1801:
1792:
1786:
1769:
1756:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1698:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1642:
1626:
1609:
1590:
1568:
1547:(2): 235–252.
1527:
1515:
1503:
1501:, p. 123.
1491:
1465:
1440:
1438:, p. 122.
1428:
1426:, p. 646.
1416:
1390:
1363:
1347:
1345:, p. 118.
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1286:
1283:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1200:Endemusa Synod
1160:
1157:
1100:
1097:
1067:Baptist polity
988:Main article:
985:
982:
931:churches like
897:teaching elder
851:Main article:
848:
845:
800:Connexionalism
798:Main article:
795:
792:
640:Main article:
637:
634:
630:congregational
613:
610:
576:Richard Hooker
557:Judas Iscariot
551:as one of the
549:Saint Matthias
534:
531:
519:denominational
515:congregational
506:
505:
503:
502:
495:
488:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
460:
458:
455:and compliance
451:
449:
443:
440:Related topics
439:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
413:
409:
408:
407:
404:
403:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
336:Ecclesiastical
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
306:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
292:
291:
286:
280:
279:
275:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
205:
193:
192:
190:
189:
182:
175:
167:
164:
163:
162:
161:
159:Congregational
156:
151:
146:
138:
137:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3812:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Faith healing
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Center church
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Branch theory
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3221:Protestantism
3217:
3213:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Monothelitism
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:Monophysitism
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Sacerdotalism
3015:
3013:
3012:Real presence
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Scholasticism
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Caesaropapism
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Apostolic Age
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2697:War in Heaven
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Second Coming
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:New Jerusalem
2670:
2668:
2667:Millennialism
2665:
2663:
2662:Last Judgment
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:Mortification
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:Justification
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Glorification
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Fallen angels
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2085:
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1039:Samuel Chapin
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901:ruling elders
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565:
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555:, to replace
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62: –
61:
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3766:
3717:Omnipresence
3687:Divine mercy
3511:Two kingdoms
3405:Broad church
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3192:Monoenergism
3182:Miaphysitism
2882:By tradition
2822:Biblical law
2774:Conciliarism
2640: /
2610: /
2606: /
2537:Conciliarity
2514:Presbyterian
2499:
2470:Ecclesiology
2445:Original sin
2432:
2423:Anthropology
2410:Hamartiology
2359:Resurrection
2349:Regeneration
2324:Perseverance
2318:Ordo salutis
2316:
2280:Irresistible
2252:
2248:Eternal life
2238:Divinization
2113:Resurrection
2056:Perichoresis
2046:Immutability
2031:Pneumatology
1994:Hermeneutics
1969:Preservation
1900:
1869:
1846:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:the original
1813:
1805:Viola, Frank
1796:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1745:
1721:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1681:
1672:Bibliography
1658:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1634:Strauch 1995
1629:
1619:
1612:
1599:
1593:
1580:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1477:
1474:"Connection"
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1402:
1393:
1379:
1366:
1359:McGrade 2013
1350:
1278:
1272:
1234:
1232:
1188:conciliarity
1173:
1169:ecclesiology
1162:
1148:
1144:
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1136:
1118:
1090:
1071:
1066:
1061:and much of
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838:
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811:
753:
730:
719:
705:see article
704:
690:
665:
653:
626:presbyterian
615:
605:
601:
598:ecclesiology
593:
579:
561:
538:
536:
527:ecclesiology
510:
509:
335:
154:Presbyterian
134:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
3722:Omniscience
3712:Omnipotence
3702:Love of God
3556:(Calvinist)
3539:Glossolalia
3415:High church
3295:Sola gratia
3137:Tabor Light
3122:Proskynesis
3107:Metousiosis
3102:Gnomic will
2987:Natural law
2962:Josephology
2952:Indulgences
2817:Apologetics
2784:Reformation
2779:Renaissance
2692:Tribulation
2575:Historicism
2567:Eschatology
2265:Forgiveness
2186:Soteriology
2124:Holy Spirit
2108:Incarnation
2026:Christology
1964:Inspiration
1424:Dowley 2002
1248:Pentecostal
1218:Anglicanism
1196:Holy Synods
1147:. The term
1099:Other forms
1021:association
933:St. Andrews
780:Pentecostal
693:archbishops
674:ordinations
622:connexional
562:During the
523:ministerial
351:Information
257:Open-source
227:Algorithmic
149:Connexional
3784:Categories
3639:Anabaptism
3575:Free Grace
3420:Low church
3052:Veneration
2997:Priesthood
2907:Absolution
2847:Missiology
2837:Homiletics
2759:Iconoclasm
2744:Patristics
2711:Historical
2687:Soul sleep
2628:Apocalypse
2623:Antichrist
2525:Historical
2495:Missiology
2483:Confession
2354:Repentance
2344:Redemption
2292:Imputation
2285:Prevenient
2233:Conversion
2198:Absolution
2021:Paterology
2016:Attributes
1947:Systematic
1386:Becic 1959
1323:References
1279:plurality'
1250:churches,
1240:Protestant
1013:Ordination
906:presbytery
882:consistory
834:connection
701:patriarchs
606:government
391:Technology
381:Simulation
242:Electronic
210:Governance
71:newspapers
3634:Adventism
3554:Reformed
3350:Assurance
3288:Sola fide
3241:Adiaphora
3152:Theotokos
3132:Symphonia
3127:Sobornost
3117:Phyletism
3027:Sainthood
3022:Sacrament
3002:Purgatory
2982:Modernism
2972:Mariology
2867:Political
2842:Liturgics
2827:Education
2809:Practical
2724:Orthodoxy
2647:End times
2618:Adventism
2595:Preterism
2509:Episcopal
2488:Eucharist
2478:Sacrament
2374:Synergism
2364:Salvation
2307:Monergism
2213:Atonement
2208:Assurance
2138:Cosmology
2118:Ascension
1956:Scripture
1563:2413-9467
1384:Cited in
1328:Footnotes
1275:benefices
1141:president
1109:President
1093:anarchism
953:tradition
941:St. Giles
937:John Knox
929:Cathedral
814:Methodist
772:Methodist
721:presbyter
661:epĂskopos
618:episcopal
321:Corporate
144:Episcopal
3670:See also
3595:Wesleyan
3458:Lutheran
3387:Anglican
3112:Phronema
2942:Filioque
2922:Dogmatic
2862:Polemics
2857:Pastoral
2638:Covenant
2590:Futurism
2580:Idealism
2557:Shunning
2542:Koinonia
2455:Theodicy
2428:The Fall
2394:Blessing
2243:Election
2203:Adoption
2176:Theodicy
2161:Humanity
2146:Creation
1984:Exegesis
1974:Canonics
1811:(2008).
1744:(eds.).
1732:(1909).
1523:Doe 2013
1511:Doe 2013
1499:Doe 2013
1436:Doe 2013
1399:"Bishop"
1374:(1954).
1343:Doe 2013
1285:See also
1262:and the
1260:Baptists
1184:autonomy
1165:doctrine
1145:overseer
1055:Baptists
1037:"Deacon
1017:vicinage
1004:reformed
974:parishes
893:minister
832:defines
818:Wesleyan
786:and the
776:Lutheran
768:Anglican
756:Catholic
741:clerical
666:overseer
588:against
410:Measures
326:Cultural
316:Clinical
303:By field
276:By level
202:a series
200:Part of
101:May 2014
3501:Pietism
3476:Haugean
3430:Baptist
3285: (
3233:General
3147:Theosis
3142:Theoria
3092:Economy
3037:Thomism
3032:Scotism
2967:Liturgy
2794:Pietism
2769:Thomism
2677:Rapture
2602: (
2502: (
2389:Worship
2379:Theosis
2223:Calling
2218:Baptism
2086: (
2071:Trinity
1899:at the
1825:17 June
1763:17 June
1692:17 June
1484:18 June
1458:5 March
1409:17 June
1378:(ed.).
1246:, some
1213:(Pope).
1137:bishops
1059:Quakers
911:classis
876:session
823:bishops
670:diocese
656:bishops
590:Puritan
533:History
356:Network
311:Climate
262:Private
85:scholar
2872:Public
2832:Ethics
2652:Heaven
2520:Bishop
2500:Polity
2151:Angels
2079:Father
1876:
1855:
1784:
1754:
1709:
1561:
1405:. 2018
1254:, the
1149:bishop
1131:, and
949:polity
915:synods
891:. The
888:elders
871:courts
766:, and
726:priest
712:synods
707:Bishop
686:clergy
680:, and
628:, and
602:polity
578:wrote
289:Global
219:Models
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3627:Other
3570:TULIP
3282:solae
3280:Five
2852:Moral
2739:Canon
2608:Post-
2532:Synod
2275:Grace
2260:Faith
2171:Satan
2098:Logos
2093:Jesus
1776:. By
1736:. In
1686:(PDF)
1660:3 May
1604:(PDF)
1585:(PDF)
957:Dutch
865:Many
812:Many
716:synod
612:Types
361:Ocean
284:Local
92:JSTOR
78:books
2977:Mass
2657:Hell
2604:Pre-
2418:Adam
1874:ISBN
1853:ISBN
1827:2018
1782:ISBN
1765:2018
1752:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1694:2018
1662:2021
1559:ISSN
1486:2018
1460:2024
1411:2018
1205:The
1111:and
1084:and
968:The
816:and
774:and
739:and
386:Soil
376:Self
331:Data
247:Good
64:news
2450:Sin
2084:Son
2004:God
1549:doi
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1178:In
1167:of
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909:or
879:or
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