531:(IMF) was created at a United Nations (UN) conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. In 1996, the IMF declared "promoting good governance in all its aspects, including by ensuring the rule of law, improving the efficiency and accountability of the public sector, and tackling corruption, as essential elements of a framework within which economies can prosper". The IMF feels that corruption within economies is caused by the ineffective governance of the economy, either too much regulation or too little regulation. To receive loans from the IMF, countries must have certain good governance policies, as determined by the IMF, in place.
681:
fundamentally concerned with the issue that the relatively few countries which have managed to develop rapidly over the last 70 years did not have the "right" kind of institutions; in contrast, countries like China and South Korea have been plagued by corruption and a lack of checks-and-balances during their development trajectories. Or as the development economist Dani Rodrik put it: "A development strategy that focused on anti-corruption in China would not have produced anything like the growth rate that this country has experienced since 1978, nor would it have resulted in 400 million plus fewer people in extreme poverty."
677:, written by Michael P. Crozier, is another work analyzing good governance. Crozier's article discusses the different dynamics of changes that occur throughout communication systems and the effect it has on governance. The idea of various perspectives is presented throughout the article. This allows the reader to be able to see what contemporary governance is like from different viewpoints. Crozier's motive was to also create an open mindset when referring to how governance and policy within society operate, especially with the constant changes occurring day to day.
643:
with good governance, nothing can stop
Nigeria. It's the same message that I have carried in all of my meetings, including my meeting this afternoon with your president. The United States supports the seven-point agenda for reform that was outlined by President Yar'Adua. We believe that delivering on roads and on electricity and on education and all the other points of that agenda will demonstrate the kind of concrete progress that the people of Nigeria are waiting for.
671:, written by Surendra Munshi. Munshi's work was created in order to "revive" good governance. Many individuals tend to either wave away and be bored with the idea of governance, or not have a clue to what it has at all. This book is a generalized discussion on what the purpose of good governance is and how it serves that purpose throughout our society. Munshi targets the book toward anyone doing research or just simply "those concerned with the issue of governance".
377:
or terrible. They also complement one another in that more autonomy should be allowed when the state is more capable, such as through tax collection, since bureaucrats can carry out their duties well without much guidance. However, less latitude and greater regulation are preferable in states with lower levels of capability.
376:
Good governance in the New
Yorkish context of countries is a broad term, and in that regards, it is difficult to find a unique definition. According to Fukuyama (2013), the ability of the state and the independence of the bureaucracy are the two factors that determine whether governance is excellent
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mentions that the author relates good governance to the concept of impartiality, which is basically when the bureaucrats perform their tasks following the public interest rather than their self-interest. Lawson differs with him in that this impartial application of law ignores important factors like
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Recent criticism has been aimed at the idea that good governance and institutions are one of the primary explanatory variables of economic growth, such as argued by
Kaufmann and Kraay and Acemoglu and Robinson, which has put institutional reforms high on global development agendas. The criticism is
642:
Again, to refer to
President Obama's speech, what Africa needs is not more strong men, it needs more strong democratic institutions that will stand the test of time. (Applause.) Without good governance, no amount of oil or no amount of aid, no amount of effort can guarantee Nigeria's success. But
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The concept of "good governance" thus emerges as a model to compare ineffective economies or political bodies with viable economies and political bodies. The concept centers on the responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the needs of the masses as opposed to select groups in
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As a result, it has been pointed out that anti-corruption efforts and government reforms can have very negative consequences in especially fragile countries there can be significantly bigger barriers to economic growth than corruption or institutional quality, and anti-corruption efforts and
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and civil society. However, among different cultures, the need and demand for reform can vary depending on the priorities of that country's society. A variety of country level initiatives and international movements put emphasis on various types of governance reform. Each movement for reform
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states, concentrated in Europe and the
Americas, good governance standards often measure other state institutions against these states. Aid organizations and the authorities of developed countries often will focus the meaning of "good governance" to a set of requirements that conform to the
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is "the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)". Governance in this context can apply to corporate, international, national, or local governance as well as the interactions between other sectors of society.
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Various authors have furthermore argued that "good governance" provides a very unhelpful development agenda as it is unclear what the "right" kind of institutions are or how they should be realized even if we were to accept that they are necessary or helpful.
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introduced the concept in its 1992 report entitled "Governance and
Development". According to the document, good governance is an essential complement to sound economic policies and is central to creating and sustaining an environment which fosters strong and
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Similarly, good governance might be approximated with provision of public services in an efficient manner, higher participation given to certain groups in the population like the poor and the minorities, the guarantee that citizens have the opportunity of
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is a program funded by the World Bank to measure the quality of governance of over 200 countries. It uses six dimensions of governance for their measurements, Voice & Accountability, Political
Stability and Lack of Violence,
618:. Not surprisingly, emphasis on good governance can sometimes be equated with promoting democratic government. However, a 2011 literature review analyzing the link between democracy and development by Alina Rocha Menocal of the
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methods, they conclude that while governments believe they apply concepts of good governance while making decisions, cultural differences can cause conflict with the heterogeneous standards of the international community.
487:, "Good governance is ensuring respect for human rights and the rule of law; strengthening democracy; promoting transparency and capacity in public administration." To implement this, the UN follows eight principles:
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establishes criteria for what they consider good governance based on their own needs and agendas. The following are examples of good governance standards for prominent organizations in the international community.
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A further perspective on effective governance is based on results. There is no better way to think about good governance than through deliverables, which are precisely the ones demanded by citizens, like security,
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Good governance defines an ideal that is difficult to achieve in full, though it is something development supporters consider donating to causes. Major donors and international financial institutions, like the
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The meaning of good governance in regards to corporate sectors varies between actors. Legislation has been enacted in an attempt to influence good governance in corporate affairs. In the United States, the
614:, peaceful conflict management and accountability are often used when defining the concept of good governance, the definition of good governance promotes many ideas that closely align with effective
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A good example of this close association, for some actors, between western democratic governance and the concept of good governance is the following statement made by U.S. Secretary of State
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Kaufmann, Daniel; Kraay, Aart. 2007. Governance
Indicators : Where Are We, Where Should We Be Going?. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4370. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank.
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Marquette, H. and
Peiffer, C. (2018), "Grappling with the 'real politics' of systemic corruption: Theoretical debates versus 'real-world' functions", Governance Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 499–514.
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According to Sam Agere, "The discretionary space left by the lack of a clear well-defined scope for what governance encompasses allows users to choose and set their own parameters."
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The efficiency of one-party governments might seem appealing, but leaders need a deep understanding of a country's power structure and "moral economy", says Meg
Rithmire. Her book
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Effectiveness and Efficiency – Processes and institutions should be able to produce results that meet the needs of their community while making the best of their resources.
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and loans on the condition that the recipient undertakes reforms ensuring good governance. This is mostly due to the close link between poor governance and corruption.
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on the government, the establishment and enforcement of norms for the protection of the citizens and their property and the existence of independent judiciary systems.
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Accountability – Governmental institutions, private sectors, and civil society organizations should be held accountable to the public and institutional stakeholders.
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State formation in Palestine: viability and governance during a social transformation: Volume 2 of Political economy of the Middle East and North Africa
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Lawson, Robert (2012). "Book Review of Bo Rothstein: The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective".
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397:, and the right to vote and fair wages. This is because governments operate with the intention of providing public goods to their constituents.
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659:, Eva Poluha and Mona Rosendahl contest standards that are common to western democracy as measures of "goodness" in government. By applying
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Rodrik, D. (2014), "An African Growth Miracle?", working paper No. 20188, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, June
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Participation – People should be able to voice their own opinions through legitimate immediate organizations or representatives.
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North, D.C. et al. (2013), "Limited Access Orders: An Introduction to the Conceptual Framework", North, D.C. et al. (eds.),
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Consensus Oriented – Mediates differing interests to meet the broad consensus on the best interests of a community.
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Kang, D.C. (Winter 2002), "Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea",
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Grindle, Merilee (October 2004). "Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries".
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and Jan Teorell, the key characteristic of good governance is the impartiality of government institutions.
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Contesting 'good' governance:crosscultural perspectives on representation, accountability and public space
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Transparency – Information should be accessible to the public and should be understandable and monitored.
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organization's agenda, making "good governance" imply many different things in many different contexts.
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governance reforms often fail because of a suboptimal understanding of local socio-political contexts.
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Equity and Inclusiveness – People should have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being.
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Good government, Governance, Human complexity. Luigi Einaudi's legacy and contemporary societies
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The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective
483:(UN) is playing an increasing role in good governance. According to former UN Secretary-General
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The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective
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in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for the rule of law.
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Rule of Law – Legal framework should be enforced impartially, especially on human right laws.
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In corporate affairs, good governance can be observed in any of the following relationships:
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has also been widely used by corporations to expose corruption and fraudulent activity.
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Kuipers, S. (2021), "Rethinking anti-corruption efforts in international development",
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is the process of measuring how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage
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1044:"The IMF's Approach to Promoting Good Governance and Combating Corruption — A Guide"
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Rethinking Systems: Configurations of Politics and Policy in Contemporary Governance
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explores the delicate relationship between capitalists and autocrats in the region.
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the economic liberalism, which matters due to its relation with economic growth.
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Grindle, M.S. (2017), "Good Governance, R.I.P.: A Critique and an Alternative",
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In the Shadow of Violence: Politics, Economics and the Problems of Development
959:"What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions"
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Rotberg, Robert (July 2014). "Good Governance Means Performance and Results".
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Three institutions can be reformed to promote good governance: the state, the
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https://rodrik.typepad.com/dani_rodriks_weblog/2007/05/can_anyone_be_i.html
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Eaton, Tim V., and Michael D. Akers. "Whistleblowing and Good Governance".
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Rodrik, D. (2007), "Can anyone be in favor of corruption?", available at:
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Responsiveness – Institutions and processes should serve all stakeholders.
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Munshi, Surendra; Abraham, Biju Paul; Chaudhuri, Soma (March 12, 2009).
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Performing public services competently for the benefit of all citizens
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China's Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption
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society. Because countries often described as "most successful" are
1099:(November 2002). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2928.
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stresses the inconclusiveness of evidence on this relationship.
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Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty
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Quian, Yingyi (2003) 'How Reform Worked in China', in Rodrik.
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Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia
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The Good Governance Agenda: Beyond Indicators Without Theory
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Crozier, Michael P. (July 16, 2010). "Rethinking Systems".
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Fukuyama, Francis (January 2013). "What Is Governance?".
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of 2002 set up requirements for businesses to follow.
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https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7588
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An additional source of good governance criticism is
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1311:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–23.
445:between governance and corruption in the workplace
1322:American Economic Review: Paper & Proceedings
1152:The intelligent person's guide to good governance
669:The Intelligent Person's Guide to Good Governance
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576:. They have been studying countries since 1996.
408:Lawson (2011) in his review of Rothstein's book
1320:Rodrik, D. (2008), "Second-Best Institutions",
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1476:World Bank Researchers Analysising Governance
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1238:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
1046:. International Monetary Fund. June 20, 2005
928:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
439:between governance and corporate management
1287:, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.
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594:(IMF) or World Bank, are basing their
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793:Poluha, Eva; Rosendahl, Mona (2002).
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957:Rothstein, Bo; Teorell, Jan (2008).
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568:Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality,
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585:International humanitarian funding
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1471:Sustainable Governance Indicators
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350:and guarantee the realization of
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1120:, IMF. Accessed August 12, 2009.
975:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x
876:10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00256.x
714:Peace, order and good government
260:Bertelsmann Transformation Index
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561:Worldwide Governance Indicators
1324:. Vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 100–104.
999:77, no. 6 (June 2007): 66–71.
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620:Overseas Development Institute
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1506:Political science terminology
1118:"The IMF and Good Governance"
822:Center for Global Development
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1446:, Leo Olschki, Firenze, 2012
1397:. Commonwealth Secretariat.
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1177:Administration & Society
1066:"Governance and Development"
657:Contesting 'good' governance
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1097:"Growth Without Governance"
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592:International Monetary Fund
529:International Monetary Fund
517:International Monetary Fund
303:Market governance mechanism
286:Governance, risk management
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1285:Journal of Financial Crime
1249:International Organization
1007:(accessed March 22, 2016).
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295:Environmental, social, and
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1395:Promoting good governance
1365:10.1080/13600810802455120
1136:November 2, 2013, at the
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903:10.1007/s11127-011-9903-y
739:"What is Good Governance"
661:political anthropological
606:Because concepts such as
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1462:What is good governance?
1293:10.1108/JFC-08-2021-0176
1189:10.1177/0095399710377443
1001:Business Source Complete
395:environmental protection
389:, contract enforcement,
280:Chief governance officer
924:Rothstein, Bo (2011).
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250:World Governance Index
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944:HBS Working Knowledge
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616:democratic governance
546:equitable development
523:Structural adjustment
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946:. November 28, 2023.
824:. Working paper 314.
638:on August 12, 2009:
462:Reform and standards
297:corporate governance
1393:Agere, Sam (2000).
1234:Ang, Y. Y. (2020).
709:Good Governance Day
403:checks and balances
391:property protection
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699:Developing country
452:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
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570:Rule of Law
431:In business
372:In politics
184:Information
90:Open-source
60:Algorithmic
1496:Governance
1485:Categories
1378:Governance
963:Governance
864:Governance
837:Governance
720:References
574:Corruption
566:Government
541:World Bank
535:World Bank
521:See also:
485:Kofi Annan
356:Governance
224:Technology
214:Simulation
75:Electronic
43:Governance
1435:found at
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154:Corporate
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693:See also
243:Measures
159:Cultural
149:Clinical
136:By field
109:By level
35:a series
33:Part of
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1387:Sources
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194:Ocean
117:Local
1425:ISBN
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1052:2009
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