2066:
1937:
2093:
2117:
2105:
2129:
2141:
2081:
2153:
2054:
138:
27:
2010:
In
Ukraine, Usatove culture sites are predominantly located in the Dniester-Danube interfluve. The two largest Usatove archaeological sites in Ukraine, Usatove-Velykyj Kuyalnik and Mayaky, contain kurgan and ground cemeteries (necropoli). The total number of Usatove sites in northwest and west Pontic
2029:
While the generally accepted chronological placement of
Usatove is in the second half of the 4th millennium BCE, radiocarbon dates on human remains identified as Usatove are consistently older. Most of these dates cluster around the last quarter of the 5th - first quarter of the 4th millennium BCE.
2235:
Mattila, Tiina; Svensson, Emma; Juras, Anna; Günther, Torsten; Kashuba, Natalija; Ala-Hulkko, Terhi; Chyleński, Maciej; Pospieszny, Łukasz; Constantinescu, Mihai; Rotea, Mihai; Palincaș, Nona; Wilk, Stanisław; Czerniak, Lech; Kruk, Janusz; Łapo, Jerzy; Makarowicz, Przemysław; Potekhina, Inna;
2065:
2236:
Soficaruc, Andrei; Szmyt, Marzena; Szostek, Krzysztof; Götherström, Anders; Storå, Jan; Netea, Mihai; Nikitin, Alexey; Persson, Per; Malmström, Helena; Jakobsson, Mattias (2022-09-12).
2042:
Radiocarbon dates on pottery are between 3400 and 2900 BCE, around 600 years later than analyses in human bones, which indicate
Usatove culture would have lasted (c. 4000-3500 BCE).
1999:) burials and shell-tempered coarse wares with steppe cultures. It also displays items made of metal, such as arsenical bronze and silver, which suggests contacts with the
2092:
2034:, the precise quantification of which is not possible at the moment due the lack of radiocarbon and stable isotope data from contextual faunal remains.
2116:
2128:
2269:
Nikitin, Alexey G.; Ivanova, Svetlana; Budd, Chelsea E.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Potekhina, Inna; Lillie, Malcolm C.; Reich, David (2022-10-03).
1923:
2104:
1887:
2457:
2467:
2462:
1085:
2339:
2377:Петренко, В.Г.; Кайзер, Э. (2011). Комплексный памятник Маяки: новые изотопные даты и некоторые вопросы хронологии наличных культур.
2472:
1936:
2194:
2426:
1894:
1866:
2080:
745:
2140:
1851:
1916:
1873:
804:
2365:
137:
2271:"Radiocarbon Dating and Stable Isotope Analysis of Human Remains from the Usatovo Culture Site of Mayaki in Ukraine"
1991:. The Eneolithic farming culture influences on Usatove include clay figurines and painted ceramics, while it shares
1880:
644:
2152:
155:
2053:
2407:
1961:
1736:
1511:
915:
74:
1909:
1481:
750:
687:
488:
374:
2419:
The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
1169:
672:
483:
478:
473:
368:
1486:
981:
682:
561:
547:
528:
824:
782:
382:
1526:
1491:
1164:
468:
2307:
2023:
1964:
as well as the
Eneolithic steppe cultures of the North Pontic. Usatove flourished northwest of the
1786:
1676:
1496:
1027:
859:
810:
706:
508:
463:
458:
378:
2018:, the Usatove culture represents the domination of native Cucuteni–Trypillia agriculturalists by
1681:
1408:
518:
513:
503:
147:
2442:
1671:
1643:
1427:
1329:
1095:
941:
565:
403:
295:
234:
189:
129:
121:
2286:
2294:
2019:
1818:
1647:
555:
551:
536:
532:
1764:
1729:
1042:
725:
677:
614:
584:
542:
522:
386:
240:
910:
78:
8:
2399:
2174:
1037:
1032:
928:
852:
817:
740:
730:
589:
290:
285:
254:
108:
66:
1968:
during the 4th millennium BCE. The culture got its name from the name of the village of
96:
1960:
in
Russian) is an Eneolithic group of the North Pontic region with influences from the
1953:
1743:
1694:
1628:
1612:
1237:
890:
629:
315:
220:
215:
2238:"Genetic continuity, isolation, and gene flow in Stone Age Central and Eastern Europe"
2422:
2403:
2282:
2015:
1757:
1723:
1715:
1659:
1653:
1635:
1606:
1585:
1571:
1563:
1333:
1194:
1134:
1116:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1014:
1009:
838:
701:
350:
343:
336:
322:
308:
268:
247:
184:
176:
2389:
2274:
2245:
2169:
2071:
2031:
1984:
1983:
The
Usatove culture appears to be a mixture of the Eneolithic agrarian cultures of
1751:
1701:
1518:
1324:
1212:
1152:
1129:
1072:
1067:
1004:
991:
986:
976:
649:
262:
210:
202:
195:
70:
2249:
2393:
1832:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1772:
1708:
1687:
1665:
1250:
1139:
1062:
971:
904:
845:
711:
443:
428:
418:
413:
329:
301:
88:
2000:
1577:
1444:
1319:
877:
831:
799:
735:
226:
2321:
2451:
2385:
2374:Патокова, Э.Ф. (1979) Усатовское поселение и могильники. Киев: Наукова Думка.
1988:
1837:
1301:
1217:
934:
792:
654:
408:
100:
92:
624:
2270:
1973:
1456:
1294:
768:
639:
438:
433:
423:
2278:
1432:
1418:
1382:
1090:
619:
2030:
It is likely that the dates on human remains are influenced by aquatic
1395:
1309:
1187:
952:
48:
2340:"Arsenic Bronze. An archaeological introduction into a key innovation"
1965:
1598:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1207:
38:
2004:
1541:
1532:
1423:
1224:
1199:
1103:
594:
170:
2237:
26:
1992:
1977:
1969:
1591:
1555:
1548:
1346:
966:
599:
2322:"Interpreting genetic ancestry of the builders of first kurgans"
1996:
1314:
1268:
787:
604:
1413:
1287:
1281:
1263:
634:
609:
104:
2234:
1805:
2268:
2366:УСАТОВСКИЙ КУРГАННЫЙ МОГИЛЬНИК II (по раскопкам 1984 г.).
2216:
2022:
from the steppe. According to
Anthony, the roots of the
2443:
Photos of
Usatove culture metal and ceramic artefacts
1987:, with influences from the steppe cultures from the
2379:Материалы по археологии Северного Причерноморья 12
2212:. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego.
2449:
1917:
2384:
2364:Манзура, Игорь; Петренко, Владислав. (2022)
1924:
1910:
1888:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
25:
2207:
1935:
2416:
2371:, s.n., vol. XVI , nr. 1, 2022, 83-101.
2222:
2098:Ceramic vessels, metal tools and burial
2450:
2337:
2134:Burial mounds with stone constructions
2011:is currently estimated at around 100.
2395:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
1895:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
1867:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
2458:Archaeological cultures in Bulgaria
1852:Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European
13:
2468:Archaeological cultures in Ukraine
2463:Archaeological cultures in Romania
2122:Ceramic figurines and metal dagger
1874:The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
14:
2484:
2436:
2110:Metal, bone and ceramic artefacts
2059:Metal, bone and ceramic artefacts
2328:, ARWA Association, 14 May 2023.
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2064:
2052:
1881:Journal of Indo-European Studies
645:Bible translations into Armenian
136:
2473:Chalcolithic cultures of Europe
156:List of Indo-European languages
2421:. Princeton University Press.
2331:
2314:
2262:
2228:
2201:
2187:
2074:swords and copper axe, Ukraine
1:
2180:
2037:
1482:Proto-Indo-European mythology
751:Paleolithic continuity theory
2392:(1997). "Ustatovo culture".
2026:lay in the Usatove culture.
1170:Northern Black Polished Ware
369:Proto-Indo-European language
7:
2250:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1966812/v1
2163:
2086:Ceramic and metal artefacts
1487:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
10:
2489:
2417:Anthony, David W. (2007).
2358:
2045:
1962:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
783:Domestication of the horse
75:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
2320:Nikitin, Alexei, (2023).
2208:Dergachev, V. A. (2021).
1492:Historical Vedic religion
769:Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
84:
62:
54:
44:
33:
24:
2210:Late Tripolye and Maykop
2195:"Entry Display Web Page"
2146:Nevsha stele, c. 3000 BC
1497:Ancient Iranian religion
860:Novotitarovskaya culture
707:Indo-European migrations
998:Northern/Eastern Steppe
2338:Hansen, Svend (2017).
2302:Cite journal requires
2242:www.researchsquare.com
2024:pre-Germanic languages
1941:
1469:Religion and mythology
1428:Medieval Scandinavians
719:Alternative and fringe
16:Archaeological culture
2020:Indo-European peoples
1939:
1819:Indo-European studies
1182:Peoples and societies
2400:Taylor & Francis
2279:10.2139/ssrn.4236123
726:Anatolian hypothesis
678:Proto-Indo-Europeans
585:Hittite inscriptions
130:Indo-European topics
2326:min. 21:50 to 24:30
2175:Novodanilovka group
2158:Stele, 3500-3000 BC
982:Multi-cordoned ware
853:Mikhaylovka culture
741:Indigenous Aryanism
731:Armenian hypothesis
590:Hieroglyphic Luwian
109:Aegean civilisation
67:Mikhaylovka culture
21:
2225:, p. 359-360.
1942:
562:Proto-Indo-Iranian
548:Proto-Balto-Slavic
529:Proto-Italo-Celtic
34:Geographical range
19:
2428:978-0-691-14818-2
2390:Adams, Douglas Q.
2273:. Rochester, NY.
2016:Kurgan hypothesis
1934:
1933:
1195:Anatolian peoples
1165:Painted Grey Ware
1053:Nordic Bronze Age
702:Kurgan hypothesis
655:Old Irish glosses
620:Gaulish epigraphy
115:
114:
79:Cernavodă culture
58:ca. 3400–2900 BCE
2480:
2432:
2413:
2352:
2351:
2335:
2329:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2170:Suvorovo culture
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2072:Arsenical bronze
2068:
2056:
2032:reservoir effect
1985:Southeast Europe
1926:
1919:
1912:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1615:
1601:
1594:
1580:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1325:Germanic peoples
1315:Hellenic peoples
1304:
1297:
1290:
1213:Mycenaean Greeks
1202:
1130:Thraco-Cimmerian
1028:Globular Amphora
1005:Abashevo culture
944:
937:
907:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
650:Tocharian script
353:
346:
339:
332:
325:
318:
311:
304:
271:
257:
250:
243:
229:
205:
198:
179:
140:
117:
116:
97:Coţofeni culture
71:Kemi-Oba culture
29:
22:
18:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2429:
2410:
2402:. p. 614.
2361:
2356:
2355:
2344:Eurasia Antiqua
2336:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2147:
2144:
2135:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2087:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2060:
2057:
2048:
2040:
1946:Usatove culture
1930:
1901:
1900:
1833:Marija Gimbutas
1821:
1811:
1810:
1802:Winter solstice
1792:Horse sacrifice
1763:
1756:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1639:
1624:
1611:
1597:
1590:
1576:
1567:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1501:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1404:
1391:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1259:
1246:
1233:
1204:
1198:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1148:
1125:
1112:
1100:
1081:
1023:
1000:
962:
955:
949:
940:
933:
924:
922:Northern Europe
903:
899:
886:
873:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
805:Steppe cultures
778:
771:
764:
756:
755:
746:Baltic homeland
720:
716:
712:Eurasian nomads
696:
692:
668:
660:
659:
630:Runic epigraphy
625:Latin epigraphy
580:
572:
571:
509:Proto-Anatolian
493:
448:
444:Thraco-Illyrian
429:Graeco-Phrygian
419:Graeco-Armenian
414:Graeco-Albanian
393:
371:
358:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
307:
300:
267:
253:
246:
239:
225:
201:
194:
175:
160:
152:
150:
89:Yamnaya culture
20:Usatove culture
17:
12:
11:
5:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2437:External links
2435:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2414:
2408:
2386:Mallory, J. P.
2382:
2375:
2372:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2330:
2313:
2304:|journal=
2261:
2227:
2215:
2200:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2001:North Caucasus
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Fire sacrifice
1783:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1632:
1631:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:Zoroastrianism
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1447:
1445:Medieval India
1436:
1435:
1430:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1327:
1322:
1320:Italic peoples
1317:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1254:
1253:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1096:Gandhara grave
1093:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
957:
956:
948:
947:
946:
945:
942:Middle Dnieper
938:
919:
918:
913:
908:
897:Eastern Europe
894:
893:
881:
880:
868:
867:
866:
865:
864:
863:
856:
842:
835:
828:
825:Dnieper–Donets
821:
814:
802:
800:Kurgan culture
797:
796:
795:
785:
773:
772:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
736:Beech argument
733:
728:
722:
721:
715:
714:
709:
704:
698:
697:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
559:
545:
540:
526:
519:Proto-Germanic
516:
514:Proto-Armenian
511:
506:
504:Proto-Albanian
500:
499:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
455:
454:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
400:
399:
392:
391:
390:
389:
365:
364:
357:
356:
355:
354:
347:
340:
333:
326:
319:
312:
305:
293:
288:
282:
281:
275:
274:
273:
272:
260:
259:
258:
251:
244:
232:
231:
230:
218:
213:
208:
207:
206:
199:
187:
182:
181:
180:
167:
166:
159:
158:
151:
146:
145:
142:
141:
133:
132:
126:
125:
113:
112:
86:
82:
81:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2485:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:Pontic steppe
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:J. P. Mallory
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:Reconstructed
1473:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1302:Insular Celts
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:Indo-Iranians
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
999:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
961:
960:Pontic Steppe
954:
951:
950:
943:
939:
936:
932:
931:
930:
927:
926:
925:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
906:
902:
901:
900:
898:
892:
889:
888:
887:
885:
879:
876:
875:
874:
872:
861:
857:
854:
850:
849:
847:
843:
840:
836:
833:
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
793:Kurgan stelae
791:
790:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
777:
776:Pontic Steppe
770:
767:
766:
760:
759:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
718:
717:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
694:
693:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
664:
663:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
576:
575:
567:
566:Proto-Iranian
563:
560:
557:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
527:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
450:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Daco-Thracian
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
395:
394:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:Reconstructed
360:
359:
352:
348:
345:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
298:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:
277:
276:
270:
266:
265:
264:
261:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
238:
237:
236:
233:
228:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
204:
200:
197:
193:
192:
191:
188:
186:
183:
178:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
149:
144:
143:
139:
135:
134:
131:
128:
127:
123:
119:
118:
110:
106:
102:
101:Baden culture
98:
94:
93:Ezero culture
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
2418:
2394:
2378:
2368:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2325:
2316:
2295:cite journal
2264:
2253:. Retrieved
2241:
2230:
2223:Anthony 2007
2218:
2209:
2203:
2189:
2041:
2028:
2013:
2009:
1982:
1974:Odesa Oblast
1957:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1859:Publications
1858:
1844:
1825:
1779:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:Paleo-Balkan
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1562:
1561:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1474:
1457:Greater Iran
1450:
1449:
1438:
1437:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1387:
1330:Paleo-Balkan
1295:Celtiberians
1274:
1273:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1230:
1229:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1122:
1121:
1109:
1108:
1078:
1077:
1020:
1019:
997:
996:
959:
958:
921:
920:
896:
895:
883:
882:
870:
869:
811:Bug–Dniester
775:
774:
640:Gothic Bible
556:Proto-Baltic
552:Proto-Slavic
537:Proto-Italic
533:Proto-Celtic
496:
451:
439:Italo-Celtic
434:Indo-Hittite
424:Graeco-Aryan
397:Hypothetical
396:
361:
296:Paleo-Balkan
278:
235:Indo-Iranian
190:Balto-Slavic
163:
2014:Within the
2003:as well as
1737:Continental
1730:Anglo-Saxon
1433:Middle Ages
1383:Middle Ages
1238:Indo-Aryans
1231:Indo-Aryans
1038:Bell Beaker
1033:Corded ware
929:Corded ware
818:Sredny Stog
763:Archaeology
543:Proto-Greek
523:Proto-Norse
103:, possibly
85:Followed by
63:Preceded by
2452:Categories
2409:1884964982
2255:2023-01-29
2181:References
2038:Chronology
1845:Institutes
1765:Lithuanian
1519:Indo-Aryan
1505:Historical
1439:Indo-Aryan
1396:Tocharians
1310:Cimmerians
1188:Bronze Age
1079:South Asia
953:Bronze Age
891:Afanasievo
695:Mainstream
459:Vocabulary
379:Sound laws
241:Indo-Aryan
49:Copper Age
37:Northwest
2369:Tyragetia
1966:Black Sea
1954:Ukrainian
1780:Practices
1599:Yarsanism
1409:Albanians
1389:East Asia
1376:Scythians
1368:Phrygians
1361:Paeonians
1354:Illyrians
1340:Thracians
1257:East Asia
1208:Armenians
1135:Hallstatt
1117:Chernoles
1058:Terramare
1048:Trzciniec
1015:Sintashta
1010:Andronovo
911:Cernavodă
884:East Asia
839:Khvalynsk
579:Philology
489:Particles
375:Phonology
316:Liburnian
291:Tocharian
286:Anatolian
255:Nuristani
148:Languages
39:Black Sea
2381:, 31-61.
2164:See also
2005:Anatolia
1826:Scholars
1724:Germanic
1695:Scottish
1660:Thracian
1654:Illyrian
1648:Albanian
1636:European
1629:Armenian
1613:Ossetian
1607:Scythian
1592:Yazidism
1542:Buddhism
1533:Hinduism
1424:Norsemen
1334:Anatolia
1251:Iranians
1244:Iranians
1225:Iron Age
1200:Hittites
1153:Colchian
1146:Caucasus
1104:Iron Age
1073:Lusatian
1068:Urnfield
992:Srubnaya
987:Poltavka
977:Catacomb
916:Cucuteni
871:Caucasus
688:Religion
673:Homeland
615:Behistun
595:Linear B
484:Numerals
479:Pronouns
404:Balkanic
351:Thracian
344:Phrygian
337:Paeonian
323:Messapic
309:Illyrian
221:Hellenic
216:Germanic
185:Armenian
177:Albanian
171:Albanoid
122:a series
120:Part of
2359:Sources
2287:4236123
2046:Gallery
1993:tumulus
1978:Ukraine
1972:in the
1970:Usatove
1958:Usatovo
1950:Usatove
1758:Latvian
1716:Cornish
1586:Kurdish
1572:Persian
1564:Iranian
1556:Sikhism
1549:Jainism
1512:Hittite
1451:Iranian
1347:Dacians
1140:Jastorf
1063:Tumulus
1043:Únětice
972:Yamnaya
967:Chariot
905:Usatovo
846:Yamnaya
683:Society
667:Origins
600:Rigveda
452:Grammar
279:Extinct
269:Romance
248:Iranian
2425:
2406:
2285:
1997:kurgan
1773:Slavic
1752:Baltic
1702:Breton
1682:Celtic
1666:Dacian
1622:Others
1402:Europe
1275:Europe
1269:Yuezhi
1123:Europe
1110:Steppe
1021:Europe
878:Maykop
832:Samara
788:Kurgan
605:Avesta
387:Ablaut
383:Accent
330:Mysian
302:Dacian
263:Italic
211:Celtic
203:Slavic
196:Baltic
164:Extant
45:Period
1744:Norse
1709:Welsh
1688:Irish
1677:Roman
1672:Greek
1527:Vedic
1419:Slavs
1414:Balts
1288:Gauls
1282:Celts
1264:Wusun
1159:India
935:Baden
635:Ogham
610:Homer
497:Other
474:Nouns
469:Verbs
227:Greek
105:Troad
55:Dates
2423:ISBN
2404:ISBN
2308:help
2283:SSRN
1944:The
1806:Yule
1797:Sati
1086:BMAC
464:Root
2275:doi
2246:doi
1976:of
1952:in
1940:Map
1091:Yaz
111:(?)
2454::
2398:.
2388:;
2348:23
2346:.
2342:.
2324:,
2299::
2297:}}
2293:{{
2281:.
2244:.
2240:.
2007:.
1980:.
1956:,
1203:)
554:·
535:·
385:,
381:,
377::
124:on
107:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
77:,
73:,
69:,
2431:.
2412:.
2350:.
2310:)
2306:(
2289:.
2277::
2258:.
2248::
2197:.
1995:(
1948:(
1925:e
1918:t
1911:v
1804:/
1668:)
1663:·
1657:·
1651:·
1646:(
1426:/
1332:/
1197:(
568:)
564:(
558:)
550:(
539:)
531:(
525:)
521:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
