4682:
5839:. The majority was classified within 9 Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups (H, U, K, T, J, HV, V, W, and X), while also finding sequences that belonged to the most frequent Asian haplogroups (haplogroups A, C, D, I - at 2.24% overall frequency, and M and N) and African haplogroup L (two samples in Wallachia and one in Dobruja). The H, V, and X haplogroups were detected at higher frequencies in Transylvania, while the frequency of U and N was lower, with M being absent, interpreted as an indicator of genetic proximity of Transylvania to Central European populations, in contrast to the other three provinces, which showed resemblance to Balkan populations. The Dobrujan samples showed a larger contribution of genes from Southwestern Asia which the authors attributed to a larger Asian influence historically and/or its smaller sample size compared to that of the other populations included.
5387:
5336:
4819:
5718:
4006:
his ethnicity. Other old documents, especially
Byzantine or Hungarian ones, make a correlation between the old Romanians as Romans or their descendants. Several other documents, notably from Italian travelers into Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, speak of the self-identification, language and culture of the Romanians, showing that they designated themselves as "Romans" or related to them in up to 30 works. One example is Tranquillo Andronico's 1534 writing that states that the Vlachs "now call themselves Romans". Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "
4835:
5953:
5368:
3343:
4903:
4887:
4851:
5706:. A similar result was cited in a study investigating the genetic pool of people from Republic of Moldova, concluded about the representative samples taken for comparison from Romanians from the towns of Piatra-Neamț and Buhuși that "the most common Y haplogroup in this population was I-M423 (40.7%). This is the highest frequency of the I-M423 haplogroup reported so far outside of the northwest Balkans. The next most frequent among Romanian males was haplogroup R-M17* (16.7%), followed by R-M405 (7.4%), E-v13 and R-M412* (both 5.6%)." The I-M423 haplogroup is a subclade of I2a, a haplogroup prosperous in the
4243:
65:
6037:
6025:
5989:
3335:
4733:
5423:
4327:
6049:
5965:
5941:
5929:
5438:
4871:
1023:
510:
6013:
5977:
5917:
4748:
3147:
751:
6001:
4718:
818:
3851:
309:
550:
5411:
225:
5194:
349:
5614:
790:
1922:
4763:
1185:
4282:
1043:
4700:
3770:
13073:
1126:
588:
917:
897:
7508:
5399:
731:
8207:, p. 231: "When founded as a colony by Trajan, Ratiaria was within Moesia Superior: when Aurelian withdrew from the old Dacia north of the Danube and established a new province of the same name on the south (Dacia Ripensis), Ratiaria became the capital. As such it was the seat of the military governor (dux), and the base of the legion XIII Gemina. It flourished in the fourth and fifth centuries, and according to the historian Priscus was
944:
631:
369:
5185:
6068:
1858:
651:
711:
468:
449:
389:
265:
116:
1146:
964:
409:
285:
100:
3351:
1330:
1082:
569:
486:
838:
530:
329:
5511:
1205:
691:
181:
984:
429:
877:
608:
671:
245:
161:
3941:
1106:
205:
12194:
7504:
2360:
2819:
7478:
5489:, the closest living relative of Romanian. On the other hand, the Aromanians and the Megleno-Romanians are Romance peoples who live south of the Danube, mainly in Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria although some of them migrated to Romania in the 20th century. It is believed that they diverged from the Romanians in the 7th to 9th century, and currently speak the
2472:
5889:(1856–1923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. This theory is a compromise between the immigrationist and the continuity theories.
8038:
deploy one or the other scenario to justify modern territorial claims or claims to indigeneity. Thus, Hungarian (Magyar) claims to
Transylvania assume a complete Roman exodus from Dacia, while Romanian claims assume that Romance continued to be spoken by Romanized Dacians. Most scholars who are not nationally affiliated assume the second scenario.
9532:, Történettudományi Intézet, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, Budapest, 1914, Vol. IV, S. 204 and also Maria Holban, Călători străini în Țările Române, Editura Științifică, București, 1968, Vol. 1, p. 247 and also in Gábor Almási, I Valacchi visti dagli Italiani e il concetto di Barbaro nel Rinascimento, Storia della Storiografia, 52 (2007): 049-066
7470:
9559:" in Claudio Isopescu, Notizie intorno ai Romeni nella letteratura geografica italiana del Cinquecento, in "Bulletin de la Section Historique de l'Académie Roumaine", XIV, 1929, p. 1- 90 and also in Maria Holban, Călători străini în Țările Române, Editura Științifică, București, 1968, Vol. 1, p. 322-323 For the original text also see
6528:
9740:
Strömungen im rumänischen literarischen
Diskurs – ein Überblick,” in Gabriella Schubert and Holm Sundhaussen (eds.): Prowestliche und antiwestliche Diskurse in den Balkanländern / Südosteuropa. 43. Internationale Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft in Tutzing 4. - 8.10.2004, München 2008, 59-75. as cited by
5817:
of
Romanians, showed how Romania has been "a major crossroads between Asia and Europe" and thus "experienced continuous migration and invasion episodes"; while stating that previous studies show Romanians "exhibit genetic similarity with other Europeans". The paper also mentions how "signals of Asian
4662:
According to the 2011 census, 93.6% of ethnic
Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Romanian Orthodox (in comparison to 81% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally
3296:
was annexed by the
Ottoman Empire. However, Moldavia and Wallachia (extending to Dobruja and Bulgaria) were not entirely subdued by the Ottomans as both principalities became autonomous (which was not the case of other Ottoman territorial possessions in Europe). Transylvania, a third region inhabited
8037:
Although the origin of
Aromanian and Meglenoromanian (and Romanian) from Balkan Latin is beyond question, it is unclear to what extent contemporary Balkan Romance speakers are descended from Roman colonists or from indigenous pre-Roman Balkan populations who shifted to Latin. Nationalist historians
5796:
showed a noticeable frequency at 17% (higher than in the sample from North
Romania), haplogroups HV and K at 10.61% and 7.58%, respectively, while haplogroups M, X and A were absent. Comparing the results to European and international samples, the study proposes a weak differentiated distribution of
4917:
There are no official dates for the adoption of religions by the
Romanians. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed
4321:
The measurements and methodologies employed by governments to enumerate and describe the ethnicity and ancestry of their citizens vary from country to country. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean
Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities
4005:
from before 1200 in which a "Duke Ramunc from the land of Vlachs (Wallachia)" is mentioned. "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted
4289:
Most Romanians live in Romania, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour Romania. Romanians can also be found in many countries, notably in the other EU countries, particularly in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom and France; in
3053:
against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern
10597:
Underhill, Peter A; Poznik, G David; Rootsi, Siiri; Järve, Mari; Lin, Alice A; Wang, Jianbin; Passarelli, Ben; Kanbar, Jad; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Di Cristofaro, Julie; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Behar, Doron M; Kushniarevich, Alena; Šarac, Jelena; Šaric, Tena; Rudan, Pavao; Pathak, Ajai Kumar;
10388:
Kushniarevich, A; Utevska, O; Chuhryaeva, M; Agdzhoyan, A; Dibirova, K; Uktveryte, I; Möls, M; Mulahasanovic, L; Pshenichnov, A; Frolova, S; Shanko, A; Metspalu, E; Reidla, M; Tambets, K; Tamm, E; Koshel, S; Zaporozhchenko, V; Atramentova, L; Kučinskas, V; Davydenko, O; Goncharova, O; Evseeva, I;
7903:
We could say that contemporary Europe is made up of three large groups of peoples, divided on the criteria of their origin and linguistic affiliation. They are the following: the Romanic or neo-Latin peoples (Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, French, Romanians, etc.), the Germanic peoples (Germans
10763:
Cruciani, F.; La Fratta, R.; Trombetta, B.; Santolamazza, P.; Sellitto, D.; Colomb, E. B.; Dugoujon, J.-M.; Crivellaro, F.; Benincasa, T.; Pascone, R.; Moral, P.; Watson, E.; Melegh, B.; Barbujani, G.; Fuselli, S.; Vona, G.; Zagradisnik, B.; Assum, G.; Brdicka, R.; Kozlov, A. I.; Efremov, G. D.;
5822:
and Europe, during different time periods, namely, the Upper Paleolithic period and/or, with a likely greater preponderance, the Middle Ages", at low frequency (2.24%). The study analysed 714 samples, representative to the 41 counties of Romania, and grouped them in 4 categories corresponding to
10241:
Modi, Alessandra; Nesheva, Desislava; Sarno, Stefania; Vai, Stefania; Karachanak-Yankova, Sena; Luiselli, Donata; Pilli, Elena; Lari, Martina; Vergata, Chiara; Yordanov, Yordan; Dimitrova, Diana; Kalcev, Petar; Staneva, Rada; Antonova, Olga; Hadjidekova, Savina; Galabov, Angel; Toncheva, Draga;
9836:
In an ever more globalized world the incredibly diverse and widespread phenomenon of migration has played a significant role in the ways in which notions such as "home," "membership" or "national belonging" have constantly been disputed and negotiated in both sending and receiving societies. –
9739:
as an ethnic denomination, notes: One might also suppose that the early identification of ROMANUS with "Christian" (as opposed to PAGANUS, which then acquired also the meaning of "non-Roman"), has contributed to the preservation of the former meaning. Dahmen, Wolfgang, “Pro- und antiwestliche
5809:
in Northern Romanian sample - with higher frequency in Western and Southern Asia, and the inclusion of both Romanian populations within the range of the European mitochondrial variability, rather than being closer to the Near Eastern populations. The North Romanian sample was also found to be
9712:
In Romanian the ethnonym român, derived from Latin Romanus, had acquired the same meaning as Greek Romaios (in the sense of Orthodox Christian)... Obviously, the Latin Romanus and Greek Romaios shared the same semantic development from an ethnic, or rather, political community to religious
10713:
Myres, N. M.; Rootsi, S; Lin, A. A.; Järve, M; King, R. J.; Kutuev, I; Cabrera, V. M.; Khusnutdinova, E. K.; Pshenichnov, A; Yunusbayev, B; Balanovsky, O; Balanovska, E; Rudan, P; Baldovic, M; Herrera, R. J.; Chiaroni, J; Di Cristofaro, J; Villems, R; Kivisild, T; Underhill, P. A. (2010).
6520:
4357:
The actual total recorded number of foreign-born Romanians was only 136,000. However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000 for the number of
2305:
Estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from minimum 24 to maximum 30 million, in part depending on whether the definition of the term "Romanian" includes natives of both Romania and Moldova, their respective diasporas, and native speakers of both Romanian and other
5485:, Croatia. Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the
6404:
3994:
spelling form, which was then generalised during the National awakening of Romania of early 19th century. Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. One of the earliest examples comes from the
8195:, p. 191: "The emperor Aurelian formed two provinces of Moesia Superior and Inferior. In fact, Dacia Ripensis was formed out of a stretch of the Danube between Moesia Superior and Inferior, while Dacia Mediterranea was the old inland Balkan region of Dardania."
5335:
6729:
7624:
5783:
of Romanians, a 2014 study emphasised the different position of North and South Romanian populations (ie inside and outside of the Carpathian range) in terms of mitochondrial haplotype variability. The population within the Carpathian range was found to have
3297:
by an important majority of Romanian speakers, was a vassal state of the Ottomans until 1687, when the principality became part of the Habsburg possessions. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian
11001:
Bóna, István (1994). "From Dacia to Transylvania: The Period of the Great Migrations (271–895); The Hungarian–Slav Period (895–1172)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).
10960:
6618:
8092:
4314:
A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple
7844:
5386:
10598:
Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Grugni, Viola; Semino, Ornella; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Farjadian, Shirin; Balanovsky, Oleg; Khusnutdinova, Elza K; Herrera, Rene J; Chiaroni, Jacques; Bustamante, Carlos D; et al. (2014).
8213:("very great and with numerous inhabitants") when it was captured by the Huns in the early 440s. It appears to have recovered from this sack, but was finally destroyed by the Avars in 586, though the name survives in the modern Arcar."
10229:
Karachanak, S., V. Carossa, D. Nesheva, A. Olivieri, M. Pala, B. Hooshiar Kashani, V. Grugni, et al. "Bulgarians vs the Other European Populations: A Mitochondrial DNA Perspective." International Journal of Legal Medicine 126 (2012):
9851:
9351:
7192:
2716:
considers that these words "represent an expression from the Romanian language, as it was formed at that time in the Balkan and Danube regions"; "they probably belong to one and the most significant of the substrates on which our
6400:
6286:
3565:
After the end of the war, the Romanian Kingdom managed to regain territories lost westward but was nonetheless not given Bessarabia and northern Bukovina back, the aforementioned regions being forcefully incorporated into the
8134:
At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source :
4808:, 2.5% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Catholic (in comparison to 5% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). Around 1.6% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identify themselves as
4309:
counts) where they exist, and estimates which come from non-official sources and interested groups. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include:
6721:
7616:
9579:"Tout ce pays la Wallachie et Moldavie et la plus part de la Transivanie a esté peuplé des colonie romaines du temps de Traian l'empereur...Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler
3483:
As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King
2999:(1057-1118) was assisted by "a number of 5,000 brave mountaineers and ready to attack, passed by his side, to fight alongside him". Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those "
5625:(8-6 century BC), medieval Bulgarians (8–10 century AD), and modern Bulgarians, highlighting highest resemblance between them and Romanians, Northern Italians and Northern Greeks. A genetic study published in
6957:
6495:
7659:
6755:
4019:, "do you speak Romanian?"). Authors that travelled to modern Romania who wrote about it in 1574, 1575 and 1666 also noted the use of the term "Romanian". From the Middle Ages, Romanians bore two names, the
6919:
4136:(Roman) as "Christian", as opposed to "pagan", which used to mean "non-Roman", may have contributed to the preservation of this word as an ethonym of the Romanian people, under the meaning of "Christian".
8084:
4180:
that was used by Slavs to refer to all Romanized natives of the Balkans. It holds its origin from ancient Germanic—being a cognate to "Welsh" and "Walloon"—and perhaps even further back in time, from the
8886:
Les "Blachoi" de Kinnamos et Choniatès et la présence militaire byzantine au nord du Danube sous les Comnènes. Stanescu, Eugen. (1971) - In: Revue des études sud-est européennes vol. 9 (1971) p. 585-593
7836:
4681:
5714:(4800-3000 BCE). The high concentration of I2a1b-L621, the main subclade, is attributed to Bronze Age and Early Iron Age migrations (Dacians, Thracians, Illyrians) and the medieval Slavic migrations.
7112:
6861:
4393:
figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general.
7904:
proper, English, Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, etc.), and the Slavic peoples (Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenians, etc.)
2780:
with the Vlachs. However the document was written between 1200 and 1230, around 300 years after the described events and some modern historians have reservations about it and find it unreliable.
9920:
9859:
9653:
5853:
Three theories account for the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. One, known as the Daco-Roman continuity theory, posits that they are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous peoples (
3878:, in its official form, is practically identical to Romanian, although there are some differences in colloquial speech. In the de facto independent (but internationally unrecognised) region of
7215:
6638:
4389:". It also includes an unspecified allowance for second- and third-generation Romanians, and an indeterminate number living in Canada. An error range for the estimate is not provided. For the
6894:
4102:, a name that had been used for the former Byzantine Empire by its inhabitants. Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with
10311:
Martinez-Cruz B, Ioana M, Calafell F, Arauna LR, Sanz P, Ionescu R, Boengiu S, Kalaydjieva L, Pamjav H, Makukh H, Plantinga T, van der Meer JW, Comas D, Netea MG (2012). Kivisild T (ed.).
9341:
7343:
7051:
3154:(a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures) in Eastern and Southeastern Europe (including the territory of Romania today) during the 18th and 19th centuries
8760:
7184:
7081:
4318:
Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. not all Romanian nationals identify with Romanian ethnicity, and vice versa);
4655:(a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy, or Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Greek Orthodox, Orthodox Church of Georgia and Russian Orthodox Churches, among others). Romanians form the
8784:
8583:
6430:
5964:
6036:
5928:
9981:
6278:
5732:) Procrustes-transformed PCA plot of genetic variation. The Procrustes analysis is based on the unprojected latitude-longitude coordinates and PC1-PC2 coordinates of 1378 individuals.
9603:
Gábor Almási, Constructing the Wallach "Other" in the Late Renaissance in Balázs Trencsény, Márton Zászkaliczky (edts), Whose Love of Which Country, Brill, Leiden, Boston 2010, p.127
7681:
4818:
7789:
4298:, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. With respect to geopolitical identity, many individuals of Romanian ethnicity in Moldova prefer to identify themselves as
2286:
were counted as ethnic Romanians as well. Romanians also form an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe, most notably in
9585:
cited from "Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l'an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople", fol 48 in Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii si materiale de istorie medievala, IV, 1960, p. 444
9292:
7811:
6048:
9629:
5367:
6592:
11186:
9623:
Valachi autem hodierni quicunque lingua Valacha loquuntur se ipsos non dicunt Vlahos aut Valachos sed Rumenos et a Romanis ortos gloriantur Romanaque lingua loqui profitentur
7567:
6460:
5764:. Haplogroup R1a among Romanians is entirely from the Eastern European variety Z282 and may be a result of Baltic, Thracian or Slavic descent. 12% of the Romanians belong to
9951:
6012:
4834:
9088:
7460:, Romanian-American Network, Inc. Retrieved 14 October 2005. Their figure of 1.2 million includes "200,000–225,000 Romanian Jews", 50,000–60,000 Germans from Romania, etc.
4129:
3213:. "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of
5702:
countries. Haplogroup I occurs at 32% in Romanians. The frequency of I2a1 (I-P37) in the Balkans today is owed to indigenous European tribes, and was present before the
5422:
10856:
Cocoș, Relu; Schipor, Sorina; Hervella, Montserrat; Cianga, Petru; Popescu, Roxana; Bănescu, Claudia; Constantinescu, Mihai; Martinescu, Alina; Raicu, Florina (2017).
6482:
4922:
as the official religion of the Roman Empire. Like in all other Romance languages, the basic Romanian words related to Christianity are inherited from Latin, such as
8992:
8906:
V. Mărculeț, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militară, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen).
6751:
7655:
6312:
5768:, the Alpino-Italic branch of R1b is at 2% a lower frequency recorded than other Balkan peoples. The eastern branches of R1b represent 7%, they prevail in parts of
3311:, later (due to the conquest of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire) was a self-governed Principality governed by the Hungarian nobility. In 1699 it became a part of the
10448:
Varzari, Alexander; Kharkov, Vladimir; Nikitin, Alexey; Raicu, Florina; Simonova, Kseniya; Stephan, Wolfgang; Weiss, Elisabeth; Stepanov, Vadim (16 January 2013).
7134:
4305:
The contemporary total population of ethnic Romanians cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. A disparity can be observed between official sources (such as
10091:
8664:
Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. English translation: The Fihrist of al-Nadim. Editor și traducător: B. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82
8617:
Bóna, István (2001). "Southern Transylvania under Bulgar Rule". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).
6927:
6561:
4738:
13139:
9308:
9605:
6990:
7104:
4886:
3488:. As of 1920, the Romanian people was believed to number over 15 million solely in the region of the Romanian kingdom, a figure larger than the populations of
6802:
6697:
3912:
In English, Romanians are usually called Romanians and very rarely Rumanians or Roumanians, except in some historical texts, where they are called Roumans or
4850:
10011:
5916:
4902:
8266:
Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Scythia Minor". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
7433:
6490:
4812:, with the population numbering 276,678 members. Smaller percentages are Protestant, Jews, Muslims, agnostic, atheist, or practice a traditional religion.
4106:
and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s.
8151:
8147:
4094:, at the time of the rise of Romanian nationalism during the early 19th century, the political leaders of Wallachia and Moldavia were aware that the name
5988:
5788:
at 59.7% frequency, U at 11.3%, K and HV at 3.23% each, and M, X and A at 1.61% each. The South Romanian population also showed the highest frequency in
5497:, both of which are Eastern Romance languages, like Romanian, and are sometimes considered by traditional Romanian linguists to be dialects of Romanian.
10203:
9612:
and also in Gábor Almási, I Valacchi visti dagli Italiani e il concetto di Barbaro nel Rinascimento, Storia della Storiografia, 52 (2007): 049-066, p.65
9429:
Vladimír Baar, Daniel Jakubek, (2017) Divided National Identity in Moldova, Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics, Volume 11: Issue 1,
6698:"Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population – Housing Census"
6552:"According to the Secretary of State Romanian, Florin Cârciu: In France alone we have 500,000 Romanians, more than what the French State declares today"
5805:
in the Southern Romanian sample - considered as markers of the Neolithic expansion in Europe from the Near East, the absence of K2a and the presence of
2961:
wrote of a Vlach homeland situated "near the Danube and the Sava, where the Serbians lived more recently". He associated the Vlachs with the
12641:
12230:
9912:
9646:
9563:
7351:
5532:
5525:
4870:
4732:
1775:
6857:
3637:. Following Constantinescu's single term as president from 1996 to 2000, Iliescu was re-elected in late 2000 for another term of four years. In 2004,
2696:
is from 587 AD. A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion
12984:
6630:
5976:
8953:
8847:
6000:
9889:
8360:
5952:
3904:, not all of whom are necessarily ethnic Romanians. Also, this number does not include ethnic-Romanians who no longer speak the Romanian language.
3900:
estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. The 24.15 million, however, represent only speakers of
1597:
6024:
3882:, the official script used to write Moldovan is Cyrillic, although Moldovan has a very limited usage in Transnistria despite its official status.
3276:
by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the
11586:
10063:
7043:
6883:
3435:
1392:
8750:
8283:
Rizos, Efthymios (2018). "Scythia Minor". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7758:
7073:
6378:
9521:
8146:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of"
9501:
Ioan-Aurel Pop, Italian Authors and the Romanian Identity in the 16th Century, Revue Roumaine d'Histoire, XXXIX, 1-4, p. 39-49, Bucarest, 2000
8781:
8563:
5437:
2783:
Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South of the Balkan Peninsula dates back to 980. That year, the governor of
12994:
9973:
7344:"Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
5797:
mitochondrial haplogroups between inner and outer Carpathian population (rather than North-South boundary) based on higher frequency for the
5707:
10766:"Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12"
5865:, while the other posits that the Romanians are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous populations of the former Roman provinces of
12936:
8831:
7700:
6953:
3370:
1888:
8891:
7781:
6456:
12604:
3776:
to Johannes Benkner (former Transylvanian Saxon mayor of Kronstadt/Brașov) is the oldest document written in Romanian discovered to date.
3408:, which aimed for independence from Ottoman and Russian foreign rulership, represented important impacts in the process of spreading the
9480:
5940:
9289:
9235:
7819:
7557:
7229:
6858:"Utrikes födda samt födda i Sverige med en eller två utrikes födda föräldrar efter födelseland/ursprungsland, 31 december 2017, totalt"
6087:
4930:
9626:
4144:
To distinguish Romanians from the other Romanic peoples of the Balkans (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians), the term
4087:). The first mentions by Romanians of the endonym are contemporary with the earliest writings in Romanian from the sixteenth century.
13058:
6343:
9715:. Raymond Detrez on p. 41 in Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One, pp. 13–65,
7399:
7286:
6584:
2479:
language was spoken in pink during the Roman Empire between the 4th and 7th century (including the territory of present-day Romania)
11502:
11170:
10181:
9943:
8397:
7457:
6835:
5703:
4708:
3712:). In 2019, the PNL-supported Iohannis was re-elected for a second term as president after a second round landslide victory in the
6426:
12147:
9068:
5410:
4877:
4294:, and New Zealand among many other countries. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low
2110:
1770:
3096:
consisting of Bulgarians and Vlachs was founded in 1185 and lasted until 1396. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly
12223:
10647:
Underhill, PA; Myres, NM; Rootsi, S; Metspalu, M; Zhivotovsky, LA; King, RJ; Lin, AA; Chow, CE; et al. (4 November 2009).
9408:
5717:
4841:
3823:, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. The basic vocabulary is of Latin origin, although there are some
3677:
3583:
5818:
maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through
5398:
3476:, because it was obliged to wage war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the
11621:
11432:
11405:
11373:
11352:
11180:
11113:
11082:
11035:
10991:
10144:
9699:
9515:, sed nihil Romani habent praeter linguam et ipsam quidem vehementer depravatam et aliquot barbaricis idiomatibus permixtam."
9082:
9054:
8430:
8288:
8085:"Recensământ 2022. România are 19.053.815 locuitori. Țara noastră a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori față de acum 10 ani"
7980:
7694:
6796:
3988:
was still in use in some regions. Socio-linguistic evolutions in the late 18th century led to a gradual preponderance of the
1785:
1427:
11041:
10150:
9748:
9511:"Connubia iunxit cum provincialibus, ut hoc vinculo unam gentem ex duabus faceret, brevi quasi in unum corpus coaluerunt et
9342:"Depunere de flori, program pentru copii și spectacol muzical: Agenda completă a evenimentelor dedicate Zilei Limbii Române"
8436:
7986:
7937:
7890:
6672:
4717:
4354:
of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).
12573:* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.
11854:
11798:
10391:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
10041:
9810:
7534:
4747:
4606:
4405:
3409:
3229:, a region in south-eastern Czech Republic). The names derive from the Vlachs, who had lived across much of these regions.
8976:
8655:
A. Decei, V. Ciocîltan, "La mention des Roumains (Walah) chez Al-Maqdisi", in Romano-arabica I, Bucharest, 1974, pp. 49–54
8634:
8493:
7725:
4699:
13124:
12952:
12668:
11786:
11734:
11643:
11215:
9267:
9205:
6452:
6308:
5159:
for a short period of time, from 1228 to 1241. However, this seems to be the exception, rather than the rule, as in both
4857:
3713:
3697:
3658:
3555:
3551:
3412:
in the eastern and southern Romanian lands, in spite of the fact that all three eventually failed. Nonetheless, in 1859,
3104:, styled themselves "Tsars (Emperors) of Bulgarians and Romans". An alternative name used in connection with the pre-mid
2193:
10389:
Churnosov, M; Pocheshchova, E; Yunusbayev, B; Khusnutdinova, E; Marjanović, D; Rudan, P; Rootsi, S; et al. (2015).
7321:
5776:– in parts of Sicily as well. Other studies analyzing the haplogroup frequency among Romanians came to similar results.
5575:
2587:
and their material culture is apparent archaeologically into the sixth century. Roman fortifications mostly date to the
11813:
10105:
9780:
6551:
4656:
4365:
This estimate notes however that "...other immigrants of Romanian national minority groups have been included such as:
3669:
3654:
3614:
1501:
9679:
9318:
8366:(Report). Vol. 47. US Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research. 15 April 1965. Archived from
8056:
5547:
4909:
13134:
13114:
13109:
13104:
12216:
11919:
11894:
11330:
11274:
11011:
9602:
9375:
8986:
8937:
8920:
8628:
8577:
8550:
8341:
8271:
8139:
7931:
7884:
6982:
5741:
5594:
5156:
4825:
3689:
3618:
3450:
3030:'s cousin, tried without success, to usurp the throne. Failing in his attempt, the Byzantine prince sought refuge in
8846:
Annals of Niketas Choniates, Translated by H.J. Magoulias, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984, p.238-371. (
8024:
5392:
Traditional Romanian peasant costumes to the left, followed from left to right by Hungarian, Slavic, and German ones
2937:, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle.
13129:
13119:
12844:
12260:
11884:
11703:
11571:
10805:
Hervella, Montserrat; Izagirre, Neskuts; Alonso, Santos; Ioana, Mihai; Netea, Mihai; de-la-Rua, Concepcion (2014).
6778:
6704:
3780:
During the Middle Ages, Romanian was isolated from the other Romance languages, and borrowed words from the nearby
3665:
3642:
1881:
1377:
11364:
Ein Damm bricht. Die römische Donaugrenze und die Invasionen des 5-7. Jahrhunderts in Lichte der Namen und Wörter
10858:"Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis"
10369:
Rootsi, Siiri (2004). Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). Tartu University Press.
10244:"Ancient human mitochondrial genomes from Bronze Age Bulgaria: new insights into the genetic history of Thracians"
6983:"Permanent and non permanent resident population by canton, sex, citizenship, country of birth and age, 2014–2015"
2511:(today in Serbia, near the border between Romania and Serbia). The territory of the diocese was devastated by the
12597:
10003:
8848:
https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984
5554:
1999:
1723:
1666:
7425:
4753:
12958:
12943:
12889:
12348:
11879:
11658:
11265:
10516:
7264:
5711:
4801:
4626:
4382:
3630:
3622:
1950:
1661:
1260:
1094:
929:
806:
11438:
11305:
7589:
7161:
4723:
12821:
11939:
11673:
11611:
7185:"HARTA românilor plecați în străinătate. Topul țărilor UE în care românii reprezintă cea mai mare comunitate"
5647:(EEFs), supporting the idea that Southeast Europe was the link between Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean.
3587:
3401:
1557:
1417:
9560:
12989:
11749:
11688:
11544:
11495:
7876:
6097:
5885:
into the area which they inhabit today. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by
5561:
4212:
Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak
3785:
3634:
3405:
3382:
3298:
1704:
1592:
1350:
11470:
11398:
The Romanians and the Turkic nomads north of the Danube Delta from the tenth to the mid-thirteenth century
7020:
5934:
Modern distribution of the Eastern Romance-speaking ethnic groups (including, most notably, the Romanians)
5167:
the state religion was Eastern Orthodox. Until the 17th century, the official language of the liturgy was
13053:
12866:
12651:
12047:
11963:
11869:
11549:
10450:"Paleo-Balkan and Slavic Contributions to the Genetic Pool of Moldavians: Insights from the Y Chromosome"
8949:
6157:
5970:
British map depicting territories inhabited by Eastern Romance peoples before the outbreak of World War I
3801:
3599:
3559:
3397:
2853:
of the Bulgar elite had already begun in the 9th century. Following the conquest of Southern and Central
2105:
1874:
1837:
1634:
1496:
1355:
11340:
10540:"A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations"
10313:"Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings"
9881:
8367:
3515:. This short-lived period was marked, at times, by political instabilities and efforts of maintaining a
1533:
13077:
12899:
12894:
12590:
12015:
11889:
11849:
11776:
11693:
11678:
11576:
7923:
6102:
5878:
5866:
5769:
4797:
3717:
3673:
3650:
3646:
3328:
3197:, but after the 13th century autonomous or semi-independent. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller
3162:
states that the Vlachs were "shepherds and husbandmen" who "remained in Pannonia". An unknown author's
2880:(c.945-991) writes: "They say that in the Turkic neighbourhood there are the Khazars, Russians, Slavs,
2612:
1842:
1817:
1780:
1699:
1629:
1382:
1256:
10074:
8052:
8020:
6631:"Anzahl der Ausländer in Österreich nach den zehn wichtigsten Staatsangehörigkeiten am 1. Januar 2021"
5543:
4762:
3385:, with the two noteworthy historical figures leading the common Romanian-Saxon side at the time being
2929:
mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. Between
12732:
12052:
11808:
11698:
9346:
7754:
7377:
6374:
5608:
5494:
5457:
The closest ethnic groups to the Romanians are the other Romanic peoples of Southeastern Europe: the
4390:
4225:
3863:
3855:
3840:
3832:
3685:
2812:
2685:
gradually disappeared, while the Catholic and Orthodox Vlachs took Croat and Serb national identity.
2395:
who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the
2307:
1694:
1277:
9518:
8915:
Kristó, Gyula (2003). Háborúk és hadviselés az Árpádok korában (in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó.
6401:"Statistischer Bericht - Mikrozensus - Bevölkerung nach Migrationshintergrund - Erstergebnisse 2022"
1538:
13144:
13099:
12816:
12274:
12239:
12040:
11934:
11914:
11909:
11859:
11683:
10100:
6042:
Geographic distribution of Romanians in Romania (coloured in purple) at commune level (2011 census)
4668:
4652:
4543:
4374:
3595:
2974:
2701:
2420:
2065:
1905:
1671:
1587:
1565:
1250:
933:
10649:"Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a"
5473:. The Istro-Romanians are the closest ethnic group to the Romanians, and it is believed they left
3373:
were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. On the one hand, the
2872:
historians from the 10th century are some of the first to mention Vlachs in Eastern/South Eastern
2503:(the Danubian portion of Dacia Aureliana, one of the cities of Dacia Ripensis in today Romania is
1543:
1528:
1523:
13015:
12737:
12559:
12010:
11980:
11759:
11739:
11606:
11488:
9694:
T. Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, Springer, 2008,
8167:
8119:
6614:
6054:
Geographic distribution of Romanian in Romania (coloured in purple) at county level (2011 census)
5848:
5521:
5486:
5310:
5207:
4221:
3867:
3844:
3535:
3516:
3454:
3342:
3257:
3233:
3167:
3105:
3089:
2984:
The princess and chronicler Anna Komnene reports that in April 1091, on the eve of the decisive
2769:
2725:
2412:
2186:
2135:
1812:
1709:
1656:
1412:
1244:
35:
9157:
J. Koder, F. Hild, P. Soustal| Tabula Imperii Bizantini, 1 Hellas und Thessalia DAW, 125, 1976,
8828:
7617:"The Week of the Romanian Diaspora in Argentina – The immigration of the Romanians to Argentina"
3058:, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage".
2713:
12663:
12485:
12468:
12378:
11995:
11839:
11764:
11596:
10716:"A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe"
8888:
8333:
6427:"Población por comunidades y provincias, país de nacimiento, edad (Grupos quinquenales) y sexo"
6018:
Notable regions with inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers at the beginning of the 21st century
5644:
5640:
4401:
3485:
2842:
2834:
2822:
1402:
756:
10228:
9601:
in Maria Holban, Călători străini despre Țările Române, vol. II, p. 158–161 and also in
8877:
John Kinnamos, Epitoma, in Fontes Historiae Daco-Romanae, vol. III, Bucharest, 1975, VI, pp 3.
7458:
Romanian Communities Allocation in United States: Study of Romanian-American population (2002)
6521:"Population of the United Kingdom by country of birth and nationality, July 2020 to June 2021"
13048:
12974:
12409:
12401:
12330:
12280:
12268:
12127:
12080:
12005:
11990:
11793:
11781:
11754:
11708:
11343:(2013). "Introduction: Romanian – a brief presentation". In Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (ed.).
9448:
8394:"The Slavonian Census of 1698. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population"
6364:
Includes additional 177,635 Moldovans in Transnistria; as per the 2004 census in Transnistria
6257:
6172:
5798:
4919:
4489:
4386:
4378:
4351:
3886:
3824:
3701:
3539:
3524:
3442:
3035:
3023:
2592:
2555:
2085:
1736:
1648:
1624:
1457:
11475:
9227:
7233:
4667:
poll, only 23% of Romanians attend church once a week or more. A 2006 poll conducted by the
4586:
4242:
3773:
3128:
64:
12920:
12493:
12384:
12372:
12000:
11985:
11949:
11929:
11803:
11771:
11744:
11631:
11581:
10461:
10402:
10324:
10255:
9546:...se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo:
6222:
6167:
6162:
6137:
6112:
5806:
5802:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5683:
5378:
5152:
4805:
4366:
4347:
4290:
North America in the United States and Canada; in Israel; as well as in Brazil, Australia,
4285:
Charts depicting share of Romanians living abroad within other states of the European Union
4156:(today comprising mostly Romania and Moldova) and its surroundings (such as Dobruja or the
3743:
three years later, in 2007. Current national objectives of Romania include adhering to the
3709:
3610:
3512:
3453:
against the Ottomans, with Romania's independence being formally recognised in 1878 at the
3374:
3362:
3334:
3253:
3132:
3123:. Papal correspondence mentions the activities of Orthodox prelates among the Romanians in
2942:
2724:
The first definite document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) is from the 8th century from the
2670:
2299:
2287:
2276:
2045:
1989:
1946:
1762:
1484:
1447:
1387:
297:
12678:
6453:"Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. Datos provisionales 2020"
6335:
5736:
According to a Y-chromosome analysis of 335 sampled Romanians, 15% of them belong to R1a.
4326:
3591:
3100:) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". Later rulers, especially
2330:, which may be considered either Romanian subgroups or separated but related ethnicities.
8:
12541:
12354:
12137:
12122:
12112:
12030:
12025:
11924:
11874:
11864:
11722:
11653:
11616:
11556:
7562:
7403:
7294:
6252:
6227:
6152:
5721:
5699:
5322:
5168:
4642:
4335:
3626:
3547:
3508:
3421:
3390:
3366:
3359:
3190:
3177:
Additionally, in medieval times there were other lands known by the name 'Vlach' such as
3112:; variant names include the "Vlach–Bulgarian Empire", the "Bulgarian–Wallachian Empire".
2992:
2291:
2252:
2070:
2033:
1994:
1956:
1579:
1488:
1422:
1362:
454:
10465:
10406:
10328:
10259:
10173:
9169:
9167:
8393:
6827:
5881:, and the ancestors of Romanians later migrated from these Roman provinces south of the
5639:
from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. They were found to harbor a mixture of ancestry from
4362:. Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania.
3965:". Under regular phonetical changes that are typical to the Romanian language, the name
2890:
2399:, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. King
12833:
12826:
12727:
12629:
12511:
12324:
12286:
12173:
12166:
12067:
12057:
11944:
11827:
11648:
11591:
11536:
11526:
11515:
11248:
11157:
11149:
11062:
11027:
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700
10884:
10857:
10833:
10806:
10740:
10715:
10675:
10648:
10624:
10599:
10574:
10539:
10484:
10449:
10425:
10390:
10347:
10312:
10276:
10243:
9472:
9158:
6212:
6207:
6177:
6147:
6142:
6132:
6127:
5773:
5627:
5568:
5490:
5462:
5228:
5217:
4613:
is a worldwide icon of Romania. This character was created by the Irish fiction writer
4417:
4370:
4359:
4331:
4217:
3859:
3836:
3793:
3721:
3705:
3550:, while Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were taken by the Soviets and included in the
3543:
3461:
3446:
3354:
Map depicting the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and 1878
3308:
3281:
3226:
3198:
3008:
2996:
2776:: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". Most researchers identify the
2630:
2568:
2499:. The Diocese of Dacia was composed of five provinces, the northernmost provinces were
2465:
2339:
2256:
2227:
2179:
2130:
2123:
2058:
2028:
2016:
1984:
1979:
1799:
1397:
1340:
1320:
802:
193:
12673:
12197:
8326:
4497:
2865:, Sărățeni and Ocnița. They traded and transported salt throughout the Bulgar Empire.
13020:
12979:
12884:
12656:
12646:
12621:
12613:
12427:
12390:
12366:
12342:
12336:
12304:
12090:
12020:
11844:
11428:
11401:
11369:
11348:
11326:
11297:
11270:
11260:
11176:
11161:
11078:
11031:
11007:
10987:
10889:
10838:
10787:
10745:
10680:
10629:
10579:
10561:
10489:
10430:
10352:
10281:
10140:
9695:
9476:
9164:
9078:
9050:
8982:
8933:
8916:
8624:
8573:
8546:
8426:
8337:
8284:
8267:
7976:
7927:
7880:
7729:
7690:
7500:
6792:
6107:
6092:
6082:
5814:
5780:
5691:
5687:
5632:
5466:
4648:
4428:
4237:
4213:
4149:
3978:
3901:
3875:
3816:
3764:
3727:
In the meantime, Romania's major foreign policy achievements were the alignment with
3520:
3312:
3301:
3277:
3265:
3206:
3120:
3070:
3050:
3027:
3019:
2970:
2922:
2799:. The function received by Nikulitsa might have been as a commander of a Vlach army.
2650:
2638:
2580:
2315:
2264:
2260:
2236:
2222:
2210:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2080:
2011:
1969:
1741:
1294:
1280:
1230:
192:
866,000 (2022) migrants from Romania of all ethnic groups, including a wide range of
5429:
4582:
4547:
4517:
3638:
3225:, a Byzantine denomination for the region between the Danube River and the Balkans;
3011:
was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "
13030:
12930:
12904:
12768:
12753:
12634:
12547:
12499:
12360:
12318:
12292:
12182:
12142:
12132:
12095:
12075:
11975:
11668:
11663:
11240:
11141:
10879:
10869:
10828:
10818:
10777:
10735:
10727:
10670:
10660:
10619:
10611:
10569:
10551:
10479:
10469:
10420:
10410:
10370:
10342:
10332:
10271:
10263:
9756:
9716:
9599:, e vogliono molti che erano mandati quì quei che erano dannati a cavar metalli..."
9464:
9430:
6247:
6237:
6232:
6117:
4630:
4559:
4493:
4473:
4397:
4295:
4091:
3820:
3809:
3797:
3781:
3269:
3261:
3249:
3194:
3146:
3066:
2985:
2969:. Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including
2773:
2741:
2689:
2484:
2295:
2095:
2090:
2075:
1752:
1731:
1685:
1602:
1515:
1311:
498:
11093:
9678:
Rosetti, Alexandru (1986). Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, București (ed.).
9453:
and their Connection with the Eastern Romance Population in the Early Middle Ages"
8545:
Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145
7105:"Pentru ce facem moschee la București: În căutarea românilor ortodocși din Turcia"
7074:"Foreigners by category of residence, sex, and citizenship as at 31 December 2016"
6949:
5617:
Main Y-DNA haplogroups for average Romanian population and per historical regions.
5358:
4690:
4461:
3159:
3042:, to whom the rumor of his escape had reached, he was taken back to the emperor".
2279:
found that 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.
12870:
12858:
12505:
12117:
12107:
11601:
11025:
10556:
10474:
10415:
10337:
10134:
9752:
9745:
9647:"On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia"
9633:
9609:
9567:
9525:
9379:
9296:
8895:
8835:
8788:
8497:
8457:
Stelian Brezeanu, O istorie a Bizanțului, Editura Meronia, București, 2005, p.126
8420:
8155:
8143:
7966:
7917:
7870:
6661:
6242:
6122:
5886:
5695:
5470:
5203:
4768:
4647:
Almost 90% of all Romanians consider themselves religious. The vast majority are
4602:
4567:
3935:
3828:
3805:
3789:
3571:
3504:
3465:
3378:
3316:
3222:
2978:
2902:
2737:
2654:
2596:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2364:
2319:
1807:
1470:
1407:
1298:
10984:
History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness (Translated by James Christian Brown)
10033:
9802:
9396:
9049:
Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999), p. 44. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Boulder.
7812:"Ethnic composition, religion and language skills in the Republic of Kazakhstan"
7689:. Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 2014.
7530:
5667:
4590:
4465:
4457:
4246:
Countries with a significant Romanian population and descendants from Romanians:
3893:
in Romania. In Moldova, it is officially celebrated on the same day since 2023.
3653:(DA), was elected president. Five years later, Băsescu (solely supported by the
3143:
shows that the local Vlach rulers were subject to the king's authority in 1247.
2885:
12811:
12763:
12758:
12308:
12187:
10267:
10130:
9741:
8827:
Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, English translation: Elisabeth Dawes, London, 1928:
8782:"Ο λίβελος του Κεκαυμένου κατά των Βλάχων..." / Μια απάντηση του Γιώργη Έξαρχου
8618:
8490:
7866:
6217:
6073:
5765:
5753:
5737:
5261:
4809:
4539:
4161:
4107:
3997:
3850:
3740:
3728:
3681:
3477:
3473:
3273:
3245:
3074:
3003:", with the 'Vlachs. Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the
2926:
2910:
2830:
2792:
2784:
2600:
2526:
2500:
2457:
2248:
2244:
2100:
1862:
1616:
1465:
555:
230:
11325:. Cluj-Napoca: Center for Transylvanian Studies, Romanian Cultural Institute.
11203:
10874:
9760:
9720:
7317:
1034:
20,998 first and second generation migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups
13093:
12721:
12529:
12517:
12451:
12100:
11301:
10807:"The Carpathian range represents a weak genetic barrier in South-East Europe"
10565:
10070:
9944:"IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 români se consideră religioși, dar doar 10% țin post"
9746:
Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans
9261:
9199:
7919:
One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups
5922:
Mid-19th century French map depicting Romanians in Central and Eastern Europe
5902:
5444:
4705:
4687:
4664:
4610:
4578:
4577:
In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (
4571:
4551:
4535:
4433:
Romanians have played and contributed a major role in the advancement of the
4145:
3744:
3732:
3574:
Michael was forced to abdicate and leave for exile, subsequently settling in
3178:
3046:
2918:
2850:
2837:
became the dominant power of the region, occupying lands as far as the river
2522:
2488:
2282:
In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of
1264:
795:
20:
12696:
10823:
10782:
10765:
9772:
9434:
8069:
Dacia, Ancient country, central Europe. Roughly equivalent to modern Romania
5613:
4594:
2862:
12862:
12854:
12421:
12208:
12085:
11901:
11057:
11021:
10893:
10842:
10791:
10749:
10684:
10633:
10583:
10493:
10434:
10356:
10285:
9627:
Johannes Lucii, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, Amsteldaemi, 1666, pag. 284
9468:
8044:
7962:
6722:"Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari"
6182:
5858:
5832:
5478:
5350:
5275:
4777:
4598:
4525:
4485:
4453:
4157:
4103:
3962:
3879:
3693:
3567:
3323:
and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as
3151:
3116:
3101:
3093:
3055:
2914:
2877:
2854:
2666:
2508:
2492:
2443:
2408:
2368:
1190:
24:
12474:
11323:
The Romanians in the Anonymous "Gesta Hungarorum" : truth and fiction
10731:
10665:
10600:"The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a"
10139:(1962 ed.). University of Toronto Press (reprint 2003) . p. 73.
8136:
7590:"AMERICA LATINĂ « DRP – Departamentul pentru Romanii de Pretutindeni"
5694:
can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some
5679:
5474:
5284:
5193:
3956:
3812:, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings.
3605:
The chaos of the 1989 revolution brought to power the dissident communist
3570:(USSR). Subsequently, the Soviet Union imposed a communist government and
3377:
and the Transylvanian Romanians (with consistent support on behalf of the
2811:
to give the position of archon of the Vlachs to Nekulitsa is mentioned in
2760:—for Banat, Crișana and Transylvania. Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the
2550:
1921:
11566:
10979:
10615:
10538:
Wang, Chaolong; Zöllner, Sebastian; Rosenberg, Noah A. (23 August 2012).
9372:
8755:
8012:
7593:
5749:
5659:
5346:
5342:
5290:
5220:, each historical province of Romania has its own characteristic symbol:
4618:
4614:
4563:
4555:
4521:
4501:
4481:
4449:
4442:
4281:
3606:
3579:
3575:
3497:
3469:
3386:
3221:
in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it.
2749:
2729:
2705:
2693:
2658:
2622:
2434:
retreated from Dacia between 271 and 275 AD, during the reign of emperor
2431:
2354:
1372:
1048:
888:
200,000 migrants from Romania and Romanian citizens, of all ethnic groups
515:
354:
12433:
5655:
4468:
discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him,
4322:
as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts.
3769:
12535:
12439:
10961:"Population: demographic situation, languages and religions - Eurydice"
10387:
9974:"Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe"
9383:
7254:
6860:. Statistics Sweden / Befolkning efter födelseland, ålder, kön och år.
6187:
5898:
5761:
5458:
5251:
5036:
4469:
4209:, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source.
4190:
3897:
3324:
2958:
2950:
2938:
2906:
2765:
2745:
2646:
2311:
1290:
1131:
593:
28:
11252:
11153:
10762:
10375:
7950:
The Romanians are a Latin nation Romance (Latin) nations... Romanians
5280:
4189:
tribe. From the Slavs, it was passed on to other peoples, such as the
3700:. Thus, Iohannis became the first Romanian president stemming from an
3538:, the Kingdom of Romania lost territory both to the east and west, as
3081:
and Vlachs from North of the Danube to gradually migrate north of the
13025:
12523:
11132:
Hind, J. G. F. (1984). "Whatever Happened to the 'Agri Decumates'?".
11096:[The oldest opinion about the origin of the Romanian people]
8932:
V. Klyuchevsky, The course of the Russian history. v.1: "Myslʹ.1987,
7256:
6006:
Geographic distribution of ethnic Romanians in the early 21st century
5897:
The largest ethnic group in Romania is ethnic Romanians, followed by
5824:
5819:
5651:
5622:
5428:
Painting of a young Wallachian shepherd in the early 20th century by
5299:
5160:
4789:
4528:
4509:
4299:
4291:
4206:
4002:
3890:
3417:
3241:
3214:
3062:
2989:
2857:
around 830, people from the Bulgar Empire mined salt from mines in
2800:
2788:
2753:
2588:
2534:
2400:
2392:
2283:
1286:
1028:
922:
902:
127:
12582:
10508:
7013:"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2022"
5671:
5510:
4622:
3350:
12701:
12553:
12445:
12298:
11480:
11416:
11286:"The Church Organization at the Lower Danube, between 971 and 2001"
11285:
11244:
11145:
11109:
10034:"Populația stabilă după religie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune"
9313:
7972:
7153:
6556:
6197:
6192:
5982:
Romanian speakers in Central and Eastern Europe, early 20th century
5828:
5663:
5636:
5247:
5242:
5171:(a.k.a. Middle Bulgarian). Then, it gradually changed to Romanian.
5164:
4793:
4785:
4438:
3748:
3426:
3413:
3320:
3237:
3202:
3182:
3140:
3124:
2954:
2934:
2808:
2796:
2682:
2678:
2595:. The province ceased to exist around 679–681, when the region was
2546:
2504:
2435:
2424:
949:
736:
636:
374:
8565:
Originea medievală a focarelor de conflict din Peninsula Balcanică
5184:
3441:
During the 1870s, the United Romanian Principalities (then led by
2515:
in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and
2367:
was spoken. The blue area shows the Dacian lands conquered by the
1329:
12925:
12793:
12415:
11511:
8523:
Magyar historiográfia I.: Történetírás a középkori Magyarországon
8361:
International Boundary Study Hungary – Romania (Rumania) Boundary
7315:
5854:
5836:
5810:
slightly separated from the other samples included in the study.
5757:
5745:
5675:
5354:
5266:
5257:
5237:
5233:
4893:
4477:
4339:
4068:
3493:
3346:
Romanians in the Kingdom of Hungary, according to the 1890 census
3293:
3210:
3136:
3097:
3082:
2962:
2946:
2709:
2674:
2662:
2584:
2542:
2538:
2496:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2371:. The orange area was inhabited by Free Dacian tribes and others.
2327:
2272:
2268:
1941:
1936:
1151:
969:
716:
656:
414:
394:
314:
290:
270:
186:
121:
105:
10310:
8391:
7012:
6791:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
5994:
Map of the Kingdom of Romania at its greatest extent (1920–1940)
4508:(Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for
3940:
3598:(PCR) in 1965 and his severe rule of the 1980s was ended by the
3338:
Animated history of Romania's borders (mid 19th century–present)
86:(including Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups living abroad)
12312:
8751:"Οι Βλάχοι: Η καταγωγή, η γλώσσα, και η μακραίωνη ιστορία τους"
6585:"Câţi români muncesc în străinătate şi unde sunt cei mai mulţi"
6202:
5882:
5874:
5870:
5482:
5357:, in traditional folk costumes, dancing on the occasion of the
4306:
4198:
4177:
4173:
4020:
3913:
3755:(i.e. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).
3489:
3218:
3186:
3171:
3031:
3004:
2930:
2873:
2740:). According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book
2733:
2634:
2626:
2616:
2530:
2416:
2323:
2240:
2231:
1087:
882:
843:
823:
676:
613:
574:
535:
491:
472:
467:
434:
334:
296:
131,788 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups, including many
250:
16:
Ethnic group native to Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe
4570:
have attracted international acclaim, as has fashion designer
4456:
built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while
3847:, all three part of the same sub-branch of Romance languages.
3507:, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely
2925:(1155-1217) were some of the first to write about the Vlachs.
2677:(part of the modern Czech Republic), some went as far east as
2468:(as a civil province, devastated by an Avar invasion in 602).
2359:
12850:
11561:
10929:
10691:
9557:, e questo è quanto da essi monacci potessimo esser instruiti
9288:
Dr. Ayfer AKTAŞ, Türk Dili, TDK, 9/2007, s. 484–495, Online:
8829:
https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp
8208:
7656:"Câți români au părăsit România pentru a trăi în străinătate"
6752:"Câţi români au părăsit România pentru a trăi în străinătate"
5862:
5792:
at 47% (lower than in the sample from the North of Romania),
5621:
A Bulgarian study from 2013 shows genetic similarity between
5374:
5303:
5294:
5224:
4958:
4781:
4182:
4153:
4123:
3953:
3369:
revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the
3078:
2966:
2858:
2846:
2818:
2761:
2757:
2736:
and talks about the Vlachs of the Rynchos river (present-day
2642:
2516:
2476:
2439:
2404:
2396:
2384:
2350:
1367:
1210:
1111:
696:
256:
200,000–500,000 (2022) Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
210:
166:
12799:
11456:
Scythia Minor: A History of a Later Roman Province (284–681)
9519:
Magyar Történelmi Tár – 4. sorozat 4. kötet – 1903. - REAL-J
8889:
http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176
7782:"Câți români sunt în Japonia? Invazia dansatoarelor românce"
6375:"Romeni in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione"
6030:
Map highlighting the three main sub-groups of Daco-Romanians
4122:, acquired at a certain point the same meaning of the Greek
3657:
this time) was narrowly re-elected for a second term in the
2845:
had a mixed population consisting of the Bulgar conquerors,
2791:
received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from
2704:
recorded it as part of a 6th-century military expedition by
10917:
10804:
9731:
Wolfgang Dahmen, who has questioned the continuity between
7606:
Departamentul pentru Românii de Pretutindeni America Latina
6309:"Population and housing census, 2021 - provisional results"
5270:
4861:
4657:
third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox
4434:
4186:
4148:
is sometimes used to refer to those who speak the standard
3752:
3736:
2869:
2838:
2512:
989:
12804:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
10855:
10447:
9595:" Valachi, i quali sono i più antichi habitatori ... Anzi
9530:
Fontes rerum transylvanicarum: Erdélyi történelmi források
9228:"Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]"
9115:
9103:
9031:
8472:
8294:
7837:"Socio-economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan"
7373:
5404:
Romanian peasant costume from Bukovina, early 20th century
4408:, Romanians are legally recognized as an ethnic minority.
3858:
sub-branch of Romance languages, alongside and related to
2681:
of western Ukraine, and the present-day Croatia where the
8730:
8708:
8706:
8243:
7872:
Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th century
4924:
4160:, the latter region part of the former Roman province of
3944:
Romanian revolutionaries of 1848 waving the tricolor flag
3919:
3209:
however distinguishes "Great Vlachia" as a district near
3166:
from 1308 likewise states that the Vlachs "were once the
2673:
as far north as Poland and as far west as the regions of
11476:
The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century
10298:
Bosch2006, Varzari2006, Varzari 2013, Martinez-Cruz 2012
10008:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
9978:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
8570:
The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their medieval origins
8306:
7255:
Ambasada României în Regatul Danemarcei (9 March 2019).
7151:
5724:
PCA plot of genetic variation of European populations. (
4671:
found that only 33% of Romanians attended church once a
4558:(essayist, Prix de l'Institut Français for stylism) and
4422:
2606:
2471:
2403:
who reigned from 87 to 106 AD was the last king of the
747:
10941:
10907:
10905:
10903:
9266:. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 50.
9204:. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 18.
9139:
8868:
V. Mărculeț, Vlachs during the Comnenian period, p. 46.
8679:
8418:
3558:. The eastern territory losses were facilitated by the
3119:
in the early 13th century, indicating the existence of
3115:
Royal charters wrote of the "Vlachs' land" in southern
12689:
9263:
The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands
9201:
The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands
9179:
8794:
8703:
8598:
8460:
8117:
Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By
7999:
Romanians are the only Latin people to adopt Orthodoxy
7728:. Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from
7232:. Russian Federation Statistics Office. Archived from
6279:"6–8 Million Romanians live outside Romania's borders"
5682:), and northern Republic of Moldova is recorded to be
5452:
3287:
3170:" who "had over them ten powerful kings in the entire
9913:"Život u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda – Rumunji u BiH"
9127:
9019:
8806:
8691:
8572:] (in Romanian). Editura Corint. pp. 52–53.
8166:
Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17,
3193:
between the 12th-15th century. Originally within the
172:
1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups
10900:
10537:
9159:
https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse
9007:
8667:
8221:
8219:
7374:"U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey"
6491:
Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration
6336:"// Recensămîntul populației și al locuințelor 2014"
6063:
5946:
Romanians in Central Europe (coloured in blue), 1880
5416:
Romanians from Bukovina, early 20th century postcard
4484:, received the Nobel Prize for his contributions to
3519:
in favour of other, totalitarian regimes such as an
126:
192,800 (2014 Moldovan census; additional 2,068,058
10712:
10240:
9403:
New Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language
8122:, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.
7182:
7135:"Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2019"
4629:tales about the historic Romanian figure of Prince
4500:has been claimed as "the ideological father behind
3201:, who toured the area in 1166 called the region of
2692:spoken in the Middle Ages in the Balkans, near the
2645:
neighbours. Besides the separation of some groups (
2326:), all of them unevenly distributed throughout the
11417:"Duces of Scythia Minor: A Prosopographical Study"
11061:
9832:
9830:
9828:
8527:
8325:
7453:
7451:
7213:
3560:Molotov–Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
3381:) successfully managed to oppose the goals of the
908:10,000 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups
360:39,654 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups
320:92,746 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups
34:For information on the population of Romania, see
11231:Jones, C. P. (1988). "An Epigram from Ratiaria".
8231:
8216:
7499:
6483:"Estadística de residentes extranjeros en España"
5373:Painting of Transylvanian Romanian peasants from
4621:by the frustrated German tradesmen of Kronstadt (
3633:, the first in post-communist Romania that saw a
3396:On the other hand, the Wallachian revolutions of
3205:"Vlachia". The contemporary Byzantine historian
3150:Map depicting historical Romanian/Vlach pastoral
2884:(Vlachs), Alans, Greeks and many other peoples".
2748:(c. 845 – c. 907) waged wars against three dukes—
2583:. The indigenous population of Scythia Minor was
2310:. Other speakers of the latter languages are the
69:Ethnic distribution of Romanians around the world
13091:
11383:Soulis, George C. (1963). "Thessalian Vlachia".
11269:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
11064:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
10764:Coppa, A.; Novelletto, A.; Scozzari, R. (2007).
10697:
10646:
10596:
8332:. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2002. p.
8173:
8112:
8110:
7318:"Bosnia și Herțegovina − Comunitatea românească"
6334:Statistică, Biroul Naţional de (2 August 2013).
4534:In the arts and culture, prominent figures were
3788:). Later on, it borrowed a number of words from
546:
541:18,877 migrants of Romania, of all ethnic groups
221:
11339:
10935:
10509:"I2a1b (I-M423) Y-DNA Genetic AncestralJourney"
9825:
9548:Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano
9399:Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language
8725:Cecaumeno: Consejos de un aristócrata bizantino
7448:
7402:. Romanian-American Network Inc. Archived from
6703:(Press release). 23 August 2013. Archived from
5958:Ethnic map of Austria-Hungary and Romania, 1892
3319:was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of
3252:, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as
2803:historians usually described foreign rulers as
2637:, used by ancient Germanic peoples to refer to
2549:. The capital of the province was Tomis (today
786:
13140:Ethnic groups divided by international borders
12471:(approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century)
11204:"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum"
10306:
10304:
8412:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8082:
7041:
5153:Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054
5137:
5121:
5105:
5089:
5073:
5057:
5041:
5017:
5001:
4985:
4963:
4945:
4167:
4111:
4082:
4076:
4011:
3989:
3983:
3972:
3925:
1181:
53:
12598:
12224:
11496:
11239:(2). Johns Hopkins University Press: 231–38.
11094:"A legrégibb vélemény a román nép eredetéről"
9317:(in Romanian). 31 August 2020. Archived from
9066:
8107:
7755:"Romania - International emigrant stock 2019"
7558:"200.000 de români trăiesc "visul brazilian""
7505:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables"
7471:"2011 National Household Survey: Data tables"
5728:) Geographic coordinates of 37 populations. (
4562:(soprano). More recently, filmmakers such as
4538:(music composer, violinist, professor of Sir
3724:as well as by the FDGR/DFDR in both rounds).
2894:mentioning "Turks, Bulgars and Vlahs" (using
2187:
1882:
1039:
579:14,411 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
561:14,684 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
521:21,593 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
506:
477:24,376 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
460:29,186 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
420:34,960 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
380:39,000 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
345:
340:46,523 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
12238:
11414:
9966:
9841:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994).
9839:Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood
8300:
6954:Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
6950:"Становништво према националној припадности"
6828:"Immigrants and Descentants, 1 January 2020"
4663:believers. For example, according to a 2006
4231:
4152:and live in the former territory of ancient
3307:Up until 1541, Transylvania was part of the
1122:
722:1,463 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
662:4,902 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
642:4,941 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
599:5,209 Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups
584:
440:32,294 born in Romania, of all ethnic groups
11092:Gyóni, Mátyás (1944). Elekes, Lajos (ed.).
10849:
10301:
10004:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
9644:
9255:
9253:
8255:
8130:
8128:
7718:
5143:
5127:
5111:
5095:
5079:
5063:
5047:
5029:
5023:
5007:
4991:
4975:
4969:
4951:
4935:
4892:Roman Catholic St. John of Nepomuk Church,
4617:, based on some stories spread in the late
4476:was among the first scientists to identify
4117:
3966:
3158:The late 13th-century Hungarian chronicler
3061:By the 9th and 10th centuries, the nomadic
1019:
913:
893:
12605:
12591:
12231:
12217:
11503:
11489:
9077:]. Central European University Press.
7044:"Foreigners in the Czechia by citizenship"
6513:
6333:
6088:List of Romanian inventors and discoverers
5744:which is distributed in a large region in
5481:about a thousand years ago and settled in
2901:A series of Byzantine historians, such as
2888:(early 932–998) published in 998 the work
2661:, many Vlachs could be found all over the
2460:(as a military province, devastated by an
2419:'s army. Prior to the two wars, Decebalus
2194:
2180:
1889:
1875:
940:
727:
627:
365:
13059:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
11453:
11347:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–7.
11077:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
11072:
11030:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10883:
10873:
10832:
10822:
10781:
10739:
10708:
10706:
10674:
10664:
10623:
10573:
10555:
10483:
10473:
10424:
10414:
10346:
10336:
10275:
9844:
8685:
8561:
8478:
8312:
8013:"Vlach - History, Language & Culture"
6780:Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok
5779:Delving into the regional differences of
5595:Learn how and when to remove this message
4205:) (see the Etymology section of Vlachs).
3800:. During the modern era, most neologisms
1142:
960:
707:
647:
445:
405:
385:
305:
281:
261:
177:
112:
11320:
11283:
11201:
11168:
11068:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10136:Constantine and the Conversion of Europe
10064:"National Report: Romania – Autumn 2006"
9250:
9191:
9145:
9121:
9109:
8823:
8821:
8736:
8712:
8604:
8511:Romanitatea românilor: Istoria unei idei
8466:
8353:
8249:
8198:
8125:
7968:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia
7749:
7747:
7183:Andrei Luca Popescu (21 December 2015).
7102:
6776:
6662:"Migratie in cijfers en in rechten 2018"
5716:
5704:Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe
5612:
4325:
4280:
4241:
3939:
3849:
3768:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3145:
3007:' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor
2817:
2470:
2358:
1078:
873:
834:
814:
667:
604:
526:
482:
425:
325:
241:
12937:Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române
11361:
10947:
10923:
10171:
9910:
9677:
8800:
8748:
7915:
7909:
7316:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania).
7261:Ambasada României în Regatul Danemarcei
7216:"Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases"
7214:Statistics Finland (20 February 2019).
6264:
5327:
4878:Assumption of Mary Cathedral, Baia Mare
4739:Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church
4524:and also invented the modern method of
4400:, one of the two entities constituting
3716:(being also supported in that round by
3676:or ACL for short; also endorsed by the
2529:corresponding to the lands between the
1201:
1102:
801:518,653–1,400,000 (incl. mixed origin,
687:
201:
157:
13092:
11395:
11385:Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta
11382:
11044:from the original on 27 September 2023
10703:
10519:from the original on 14 September 2023
10506:
10153:from the original on 27 September 2023
10094:[Barometer of Public Opinion]
9941:
9852:"2000 U.S. Census, ancestry responses"
9446:
9259:
9197:
9185:
9133:
8974:
8749:Stoukas, Michalis (25 February 2018).
8697:
8673:
8586:from the original on 27 September 2023
8533:
8439:from the original on 27 September 2023
8392:Hammel, E. A. and Kenneth W. Wachter.
7893:from the original on 27 September 2023
7761:from the original on 26 September 2022
7366:
6884:"Census 2016 Summary Results – Part 1"
5531:Please improve this section by adding
4554:(historian of religion and novelist),
3907:
3678:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
3460:Although the relatively newly founded
3438:for the period between 1859 and 1881.
3315:. By the end of the 18th century, the
2700:(meaning "Return, return, brother!").
980:
276:150,989 (additional 258,619 Moldovans)
236:329,000 Romanian-born residents (2022)
12612:
12586:
12212:
11484:
11230:
11091:
11056:
11020:
10381:
10129:
9911:Oršolić, Marijan (17 February 2016).
9892:from the original on 17 February 2014
9773:"Definition of the term 'daco-roman'"
9659:from the original on 28 February 2021
9561:Magyar Történelmi Tár, 1855, p. 22-23
9354:from the original on 1 September 2023
9339:
9270:from the original on 29 December 2017
9238:from the original on 14 February 2023
9037:
9025:
8978:Myths and Realities in Eastern Europe
8818:
8812:
8237:
8225:
8204:
8095:from the original on 30 December 2022
8059:from the original on 20 February 2023
7779:
7744:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7570:from the original on 3 September 2017
7555:
7537:from the original on 14 February 2022
7511:from the original on 22 February 2014
7481:from the original on 25 December 2018
7158:Ambasada României în Republica Polonă
7054:from the original on 15 November 2019
6993:from the original on 21 November 2016
6864:from the original on 20 December 2008
6732:from the original on 3 September 2017
6659:
6641:from the original on 30 November 2018
6346:from the original on 25 February 2021
6289:from the original on 13 November 2014
4423:Contributions to contemporary culture
3977:
3272:took part actively in the history of
2957:in 1066 AD. The 11th-century scholar
2607:Early Middle Ages to Late Middle Ages
2221:
928:10,000 of Romanian origin, including
12193:
11510:
11290:Études byzantines et post-byzantines
11218:from the original on 23 January 2013
11131:
11006:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 62–177.
11000:
10978:
10911:
10659:(4) (published April 2010): 479–84.
10184:from the original on 16 October 2013
10069:(in Romanian). European Commission,
10014:from the original on 25 January 2021
9813:from the original on 30 January 2023
9803:"Definition of the term 'dacoromân'"
9783:from the original on 9 February 2023
9423:
9013:
8956:from the original on 20 October 2014
8616:
8400:from the original on 29 October 2013
8192:
7961:
7955:
7940:from the original on 16 January 2023
7531:"Population and Housing Census 2020"
7324:from the original on 24 January 2021
7267:from the original on 23 October 2018
7154:"Comunitatea românească din Polonia"
7084:from the original on 12 January 2018
6900:from the original on 2 November 2019
6595:from the original on 28 October 2016
6564:from the original on 31 January 2023
6463:from the original on 27 October 2020
6433:from the original on 30 January 2021
6271:
5504:
4804:(124,563 members). According to the
4520:was the first chemist to synthesize
4406:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
4185:name Volcae, which was originally a
4071:(the name they used for themselves)
3971:over the centuries transformed into
3680:, FDGR/DFDR for short respectively)
3621:until 1996, when he was defeated by
2815:(written between 1075 and 1078 AD).
829:204,625–400,000 (incl. mixed origin)
91:Regions with significant populations
12494:Citizens of the Republic of Moldova
11368:(in German). R. Oldenbourg Verlag.
11208:Гласник Српског археолошког друштва
9681:Istoria Limbii Române. Vol I (1986)
9483:from the original on 10 August 2021
9447:Drugaș, Șerban George Paul (2016).
9208:from the original on 15 August 2018
8422:Limba română: origini și dezvoltare
8183:, (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 150
8083:Bogdan Păcurar (30 December 2022).
7865:
7859:
7556:Bejan, Gabriel (16 February 2008).
7257:"Comunitatea româneacă din Islanda"
7042:Mădălin Danciu (31 December 2018).
6770:
6531:from the original on 3 January 2024
5453:Relationship to other ethnic groups
4842:St. Michael's Cathedral, Alba Iulia
3835:language and is closely related to
3714:2019 Romanian presidential election
3684:won a surprise victory over former
3530:
3288:Early Modern Age to Late Modern Age
2519:in late 6th and early 7th century.
13:
12985:Linguistic parallels with Albanian
11266:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
11189:from the original on 30 April 2023
11119:from the original on 16 March 2023
10720:European Journal of Human Genetics
10653:European Journal of Human Genetics
10604:European Journal of Human Genetics
10242:Caramelli, David (December 2019).
10073:. 2006. p. 25. Archived from
9954:from the original on 14 April 2015
9555:però al presente si dimandon Romei
9176:, "Vlachia" (A. Kazhdan), p. 2183.
8995:from the original on 26 April 2023
8859:E. Stănescu, op. cit., pp. 585-588
8763:from the original on 24 March 2023
8637:from the original on 26 March 2023
8027:from the original on 23 April 2023
7989:from the original on 11 March 2023
7662:from the original on 16 April 2021
7658:(in Romanian). 25 September 2015.
7639:
7164:from the original on 24 March 2019
7115:from the original on 18 March 2022
7023:from the original on 11 April 2016
6808:from the original on 8 August 2019
6785:2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data
6758:from the original on 15 April 2023
6726:Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek
6678:from the original on 25 March 2023
6527:. Office for National Statistics.
6381:from the original on 6 August 2020
5710:culture and its possible offshoot
5216:In addition to the colours of the
4776:Romanian Catholics are present in
4023:(one given to them by foreigners)
3854:Romanian language, as part of the
3737:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
3371:Grand Principality of Transylvania
14:
13156:
12990:Slavic superstratum and adstratum
11464:
11441:from the original on 29 June 2023
11308:from the original on 19 June 2022
11233:The American Journal of Philology
10038:Institutul Național de Statistică
9923:from the original on 2 April 2023
9544:si dimandano in lingua loro Romei
9340:Josan, Andreea (31 August 2023).
9091:from the original on 8 April 2023
7847:from the original on 4 April 2017
7792:from the original on 4 April 2017
7627:from the original on 28 June 2018
7436:from the original on 23 July 2017
7195:from the original on 8 April 2018
6963:from the original on 14 June 2017
6838:from the original on 8 March 2021
6501:from the original on 1 April 2021
6407:from the original on 17 July 2023
6315:from the original on 6 March 2023
5813:A 2017 paper concentrated on the
5742:human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
5202:National symbols of Romania: the
5157:Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania
4826:Saint Joseph Cathedral, Bucharest
4605:) and handball (four times men's
4342:, performing a traditional dance.
3672:candidate (as part of the larger
3065:conquered much of the steppes of
2688:The first written record about a
109:19,053,815 (2022 Romanian census)
13072:
13071:
12261:Officially recognised minorities
12192:
10953:
10798:
10756:
10640:
10590:
10531:
10500:
10441:
10363:
10292:
10234:
10221:
10196:
10165:
10123:
10084:
10056:
10026:
9996:
9984:from the original on 10 May 2017
9942:Marian, Mircea (11 April 2015).
9935:
9904:
9874:
9795:
9765:
9725:
9705:
9688:
9671:
9638:
9615:
9588:
9572:
9535:
9504:
9495:
9440:
9411:from the original on 17 May 2016
9389:
9366:
9333:
9309:"31 august - Ziua Limbii Române"
9301:
9282:
9220:
9151:
9060:
9043:
8968:
8950:"Encyclopædia Britannica: Vlach"
8942:
8926:
8909:
8900:
8880:
8871:
8862:
8853:
8840:
8419:Maria Cvasnîi Cătănescu (1996).
7380:from the original on 9 July 2021
6066:
6047:
6035:
6023:
6011:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5915:
5509:
5436:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5366:
5334:
5192:
5183:
4901:
4885:
4869:
4849:
4833:
4817:
4761:
4746:
4731:
4716:
4698:
4680:
4139:
3827:words that are assumed to be of
3617:). Iliescu remained in power as
3085:in the 10th and 11th centuries.
3013:a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble
2833:collapsed in the 790s, the
2603:was forced to recognize in 681.
2446:tribe. The later Roman province
1920:
1856:
1328:
1203:
1183:
1144:
1124:
1104:
1080:
1041:
1021:
982:
962:
942:
915:
895:
875:
836:
816:
788:
749:
729:
709:
689:
669:
649:
629:
606:
586:
567:
548:
528:
508:
484:
466:
447:
427:
407:
387:
367:
347:
327:
307:
283:
263:
243:
223:
203:
179:
159:
114:
98:
63:
11259:
10971:
10770:Molecular Biology and Evolution
10044:from the original on 9 May 2020
9581:romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain
9173:
8981:. Kennikat Press. p. 217.
8775:
8742:
8718:
8658:
8649:
8610:
8555:
8539:
8515:
8509:E.g. Armbruster, Adolf (1972).
8503:
8484:
8451:
8385:
8318:
8277:
8186:
8160:
8076:
8004:
7829:
7804:
7773:
7674:
7609:
7582:
7549:
7523:
7493:
7463:
7418:
7392:
7336:
7309:
7279:
7248:
7222:
7207:
7176:
7145:
7127:
7096:
7066:
7035:
7005:
6975:
6942:
6912:
6876:
6850:
6820:
6744:
6714:
6690:
6653:
6623:
6607:
6577:
6544:
5892:
5842:
5823:historical Romanian provinces:
5650:The prevailing Y-chromosome in
4350:of 2000 calculated (based on a
3420:elected the same ruler, namely
3121:autonomous Romanian communities
3110:Empire of Vlachs and Bulgarians
3073:.The Pecheneg wars against the
2949:who took part in the revolt of
2849:and Vlachs (Romanians) but the
2629:, a blanket term ultimately of
2625:Romanians were mostly known as
2475:Map showing the area where the
2407:before it was conquered by the
12959:Academy of Sciences of Moldova
12953:Dicționar moldovenesc-românesc
12890:Romanian transitional alphabet
11471:A Concise History of Romanians
11175:. Cambridge University Press.
11075:The Romanians : a history
10092:"Barometrul de Opinie Publică"
9882:"Migration Information Source"
9067:Simon of Kéza (January 1999).
8500:(a translation by Martyn Rady)
7152:Ambasada României în Polonia.
6615:2001 Ukrainian National Census
6475:
6445:
6419:
6393:
6367:
6358:
6327:
6301:
4802:Romanian Greek Catholic Church
4128:; that of Orthodox Christian.
3831:origin. It is the most spoken
3702:ethnic minority of the country
3436:United Romanian Principalities
2452:, was organized inside former
2383:were inhabited by the ancient
2375:The territories of modern-day
1:
12995:Influence on Slavic languages
9407:(in Romanian). Dexonline.ro.
8562:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001b).
7400:"Romanian-American Community"
5533:secondary or tertiary sources
4858:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
4651:Christians, belonging to the
3588:Socialist Republic of Romania
3164:Description of Eastern Europe
3049:, presenting the campaign of
2744:the invading Magyars of King
2712:against the Avars. Historian
2573:
2560:
619:
80:
11415:Wiewiorowski, Jacek (2008).
11321:Madgearu, Alexandru (2005).
11284:Madgearu, Alexandru (2001).
11172:A Concise History of Romania
10557:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002886
10475:10.1371/journal.pone.0053731
10416:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
10338:10.1371/journal.pone.0041803
10204:"Romanian Y-DNA haplogroups"
10174:"Istro-Romanians in Croatia"
9070:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
8396:. University of California.
7877:Romanian Cultural Foundation
6777:Vukovich, Gabriella (2018).
6098:Slavic influence on Romanian
4754:Metropolitan Cathedral, Iași
4448:In the history of aviation,
4124:
3889:is officially celebrated on
3786:Slavic influence on Romanian
3739:(NATO) back in 2004 and the
3635:peaceful transition of power
3406:Moldavian Revolution of 1848
3383:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
2913:(early 1040s – after 1101),
2495:, in the area of modern-day
2415:between Decebalus' army and
2344:
7:
13054:Romanian language in Serbia
11362:Schramm, Gottfried (1997).
8148:Moldova's national identity
7726:"Australia and New Zealand"
6158:Romanian language in Serbia
6059:
5500:
4724:St. Nicholas Church, Brașov
4636:
4506:The Consonantist Psychology
4346:For example, the decennial
4168:Etymology of the term Vlach
4132:claims that the meaning of
4031:, under its various forms (
3758:
3698:2014 presidential elections
3696:in the second round of the
3659:2009 presidential elections
3600:Romanian Revolution of 1989
3468:, Romania refused to enter
3108:13th century period is the
2363:Map showing the area where
1838:Romanian Cultural Institute
10:
13161:
13125:Ethnic groups in Vojvodina
12914:Institutions and movements
12900:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
12895:Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
12715:Dialects/related languages
11787:Chief of the General Staff
11454:Zahariade, Mihail (2006).
11296:. Academia română: 71–85.
10268:10.1038/s41598-019-41945-0
10104:. May 2006. Archived from
9597:essi si chiamano romanesci
8209:
8168:Twenty-First Century Books
7924:Greenwood Publishing Group
7139:Statistiques // Luxembourg
6987:Federal Statistical Office
6103:Legacy of the Roman Empire
5846:
5770:Eastern and Central Europe
5712:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
5635:of 25 Thracian remains in
5606:
5320:
5316:
5174:
4800:(297,246 members) and the
4640:
4426:
4415:
4411:
4235:
3933:
3762:
3674:Christian Liberal Alliance
3651:Justice and Truth Alliance
3613:(largely supported by the
2613:Romania in the Middle Ages
2610:
2579:, Scythia belonged to the
2438:under the pressure of the
2348:
2337:
2333:
497:23,044 (additional 21,013
33:
18:
13067:
13041:
13003:
12967:
12944:Dicționarul Limbii Române
12913:
12877:
12842:
12746:
12714:
12620:
12569:
12484:
12461:
12402:Non-recognized minorities
12400:
12259:
12246:
12160:
12066:
11971:
11962:
11835:
11826:
11730:
11721:
11639:
11630:
11535:
11522:
11341:Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela
10875:10.1186/s12863-017-0487-5
10227:Karachanak et al., 2012.
10131:Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin
9761:10.1163/9789004250765_003
9755:- Volume One, pp. 13–65,
9721:10.1163/9789004250765_003
9528:; also see Endre Veress,
8425:. Humanitas. p. 64.
8142:21 September 2011 at the
7103:Ana Ilie (20 July 2015).
6891:Central Statistics Office
6494:(in Spanish). p. 4.
6083:List of notable Romanians
5609:Genetic history of Europe
5495:Megleno-Romanian language
5313:combines these together.
4711:, Hunedoara, Transylvania
4693:, Hunedoara, Transylvania
4391:United States 2000 Census
4232:Romanians outside Romania
4116:, derived from the Latin
3706:Romanian-German community
3045:The Byzantine chronicler
3018:The Byzantine chronicler
2813:Strategikon of Kekaumenos
2807:. The document signed by
2421:defeated a Roman invasion
2308:Eastern Romance languages
1275:
1270:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1200:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1141:
1121:
1101:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1038:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
979:
959:
939:
912:
892:
872:
868:
861:
857:
833:
813:
785:
781:
774:
770:
746:
726:
706:
686:
666:
646:
626:
603:
583:
565:
545:
525:
505:
481:
464:
444:
424:
404:
384:
364:
344:
324:
304:
280:
260:
240:
220:
200:
176:
156:
152:
145:
141:
134:
95:
90:
79:
74:
62:
51:
13135:Ethnic groups in Hungary
13115:Ethnic groups in Ukraine
13110:Ethnic groups in Moldova
13105:Ethnic groups in Romania
12462:Historical ethnic groups
12424:* (self-declared, 1,536)
12418:* (self-declared, 3,890)
12240:Ethnic groups in Romania
11814:Unification with Moldova
11735:Administrative divisions
11202:Janković, Đorđe (2004).
11169:Hitchins, Keith (2014).
11073:Georgescu, Vlad (1991).
10101:Open Society Foundations
9524:24 February 2021 at the
9449:"The Wallachians in the
8210:μεγίστη καί πολυάνθρωπος
8137:U.S. Library of Congress
4796:, belonging to both the
4741:, Piatra Neamț, Moldavia
4669:Open Society Foundations
4653:Romanian Orthodox Church
3596:Romanian Communist Party
3443:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
3430:) and were thus unified
3232:In the 14th century the
2975:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
2702:Theophanes the Confessor
2525:(c. 290 – c. 680) was a
2456:. It was reorganized as
1251:Romanian Orthodox Church
216:535,935 (2022)-1,079,726
52:
19:Not to be confused with
13130:Ethnic groups in Russia
13120:Ethnic groups in Serbia
12822:traditional month names
12690:Argots and speech forms
11396:Spinei, Victor (2009).
11345:The Grammar of Romanian
11004:History of Transylvania
10824:10.1186/1471-2156-15-56
9435:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0004
9295:9 November 2013 at the
9260:Stoica, Vasile (1919).
9232:Encyclopedia Britannica
9198:Stoica, Vasile (1919).
9075:Deeds of the Hungarians
8975:Kolarz, Walter (1972).
8620:History of Transylvania
8053:Encyclopædia Britannica
8021:Encyclopædia Britannica
7916:Minahan, James (2000).
7780:V. C. (11 March 2011).
7683:The People of Australia
7287:"2011 Bulgarian Census"
6660:V. M. (18 March 2016).
5908:
5849:Origin of the Romanians
5772:as a result of Ancient
5487:Istro-Romanian language
5443:Romanian immigrants in
5311:coat of arms of Romania
3594:became the head of the
3517:constitutional monarchy
3234:Danubian Principalities
3168:shepherds of the Romans
3106:Second Bulgarian Empire
3090:Second Bulgarian Empire
2770:shepherds of the Romans
2726:Konstamonitou Monastery
2721:) language was built".
2111:Cultural Heritage sites
36:Demographics of Romania
12442:* (self-declared, 207)
12436:* (self-declared, 532)
11920:Science and technology
10507:Balogh, Gábor (2014).
9513:nunc se Romanos vocant
9469:10.3406/hiper.2016.910
8521:Kristó, Gyula (2002).
8496:4 October 2018 at the
8154:6 October 2006 at the
7818:. 2011. Archived from
7350:. 2014. Archived from
5733:
5722:Procrustes-transformed
5645:Early European Farmers
5641:Western Steppe Herders
5618:
5520:relies excessively on
5144:
5138:
5128:
5122:
5112:
5106:
5096:
5090:
5080:
5074:
5064:
5058:
5048:
5042:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5008:
5002:
4992:
4986:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4952:
4946:
4936:
4496:, while mathematician
4402:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4343:
4286:
4278:
4118:
4112:
4083:
4077:
4012:
3990:
3984:
3973:
3967:
3945:
3926:
3920:Etymology of the name
3871:
3777:
3704:(as he belongs to the
3631:1996 general elections
3584:head of the government
3464:initially allied with
3358:In the context of the
3355:
3347:
3339:
3292:Eventually the entire
3155:
2843:First Bulgarian Empire
2835:First Bulgarian Empire
2826:
2823:First Bulgarian Empire
2633:origin, from the word
2597:overrun by the Bulgars
2487:(circa 337–602) was a
2480:
2464:invasion in 586) and
2427:between 86 and 88 AD.
2372:
2267:and live primarily in
2214:
757:Bosnia and Herzegovina
54:
13049:Romanian Language Day
12817:longest Romanian word
11704:Territorial evolution
11587:United Principalities
10783:10.1093/molbev/msm049
10732:10.1038/ejhg.2010.146
10698:Underhill et al. 2014
10666:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194
9751:2 August 2023 at the
9632:11 April 2023 at the
9566:19 March 2022 at the
8787:25 March 2023 at the
7926:. pp. 548, 776.
6754:. 25 September 2015.
6258:Minorities in Romania
6173:Romanians of Bulgaria
5720:
5700:Southeastern European
5631:in 2019 examined the
5616:
4920:Constantine the Great
4798:Roman Catholic Church
4490:George Constantinescu
4480:. Another biologist,
4329:
4284:
4245:
3943:
3887:Romanian Language Day
3853:
3772:
3692:-supported contender
3540:Northern Transylvania
3525:military dictatorship
3353:
3345:
3337:
3244:emerged to fight the
3149:
3131:'s land grant to the
3038:was "captured by the
3036:Andronikos I Komnenos
3024:Andronikos I Komnenos
3022:writes that in 1164,
2941:'s father-in-law was
2825:(681–1018) around 850
2821:
2698:Torna, torna, fratre!
2593:Constantinian dynasty
2556:Laterculus Veronensis
2474:
2362:
1393:United Principalities
1271:Related ethnic groups
1245:Orthodox Christianity
12921:Transylvanian School
12812:Lexis and vocabulary
12148:World Heritage Sites
10936:Pană Dindelegan 2013
10616:10.1038/ejhg.2014.50
10010:. 10 November 2017.
9608:5 April 2023 at the
9040:, pp. 407, 414.
8894:6 April 2023 at the
8834:6 April 2023 at the
8181:The Emperor Domitian
7621:Imperialtransilvania
7291:Censusresults.nsi.bg
7230:"2010 Russia Census"
6920:"Cyprus 2011 census"
6710:on 25 December 2013.
6591:. 30 November 2013.
6285:. 13 December 2013.
6265:Notes and references
6223:Geography of Romania
6168:Romanians of Hungary
6163:Romanians of Ukraine
6138:Romanian Australians
6113:Romanians in Germany
5379:Ion Theodorescu-Sion
5328:Traditional costumes
4910:St. George Cathedral
4806:2011 Romanian census
4352:statistical sampling
3375:Transylvanian Saxons
3133:Knights Hospitallers
2943:Nikulitzas Delphinas
2714:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
2671:Carpathian Mountains
2599:, which the Emperor
2553:). According to the
2432:Roman administration
2423:during the reign of
2277:2021 Romanian census
1771:World Heritage Sites
298:Transylvanian Saxons
12657:Republic of Moldova
11557:Prehistoric Romania
10926:, pp. 277–278.
10466:2013PLoSO...853731V
10407:2015PLoSO..1035820K
10329:2012PLoSO...741803M
10260:2019NatSR...9.5412M
9886:migrationpolicy.org
9862:on 10 February 2020
9378:25 May 2020 at the
9290:turkoloji.cu.edu.tr
8623:. Akadémiai Kiadó.
7623:. 6 December 2016.
7596:on 21 December 2012
7354:on 14 February 2020
7297:on 19 December 2015
6253:Romanian literature
6228:Folklore of Romania
6153:Romanians of Serbia
5447:, late 19th century
5323:Folklore of Romania
5169:Old Church Slavonic
4912:in Timișoara, Banat
4643:Religion in Romania
4544:Constantin Brâncuși
4336:Carpathian Ruthenia
3982:. An older form of
3908:Names for Romanians
3815:The origins of the
3710:Transylvanian Saxon
3627:Emil Constantinescu
3548:Second Vienna Award
3542:became part of the
3536:During World War II
3472:on the side of the
3451:War of Independence
3434:, resulting in the
3422:Alexander John Cuza
3391:Stephan Ludwig Roth
3329:Treaty of Bucharest
3191:Despotate of Epirus
3181:, situated between
3077:caused some of the
2993:Battle of Levounion
2878:Mutahhar al-Maqdisi
2253:Southeastern Europe
1688:and performing arts
1363:Prehistoric Romania
48:
13004:Speech communities
12845:historic evolution
11940:Telecommunications
11855:Foreign investment
11674:Historical regions
11421:Xenia Posnaniensia
11261:Kazhdan, Alexander
10248:Scientific Reports
10178:Istro-romanian.net
9321:on 25 October 2020
7406:on 13 January 2012
7348:U.S. Census Bureau
6989:. 26 August 2016.
6930:on 15 January 2013
6832:Statistics Denmark
6213:Culture of Romania
6208:Moravian Wallachia
6178:History of Romania
6148:Romanian Canadians
6143:Romanian Americans
6133:Romanians of Spain
6128:Romanians of Italy
5774:Greek colonisation
5734:
5628:Scientific Reports
5619:
5491:Aromanian language
5155:, there existed a
4587:Lavinia Miloșovici
4418:Culture of Romania
4404:together with the
4360:Romanian Americans
4344:
4332:Zakarpattia Oblast
4287:
4279:
3946:
3872:
3778:
3544:Kingdom of Hungary
3462:Kingdom of Romania
3356:
3348:
3340:
3309:Kingdom of Hungary
3282:Kingdom of Hungary
3254:Bogdan of Moldavia
3227:Moravian Wallachia
3199:Benjamin of Tudela
3189:mountains, of the
3156:
3129:Béla IV of Hungary
3009:Alexios I Komnenos
2997:Alexios I Komnenos
2827:
2569:Notitia Dignitatum
2481:
2466:Dacia Mediterranea
2373:
2340:History of Romania
2131:History of Romania
1931:Native communities
1863:Romania portal
1321:Culture of Romania
46:
13087:
13086:
12980:Balkan sprachbund
12724:(Romanian itself)
12710:
12709:
12614:Romanian language
12580:
12579:
12428:Megleno-Romanians
12206:
12205:
12156:
12155:
11958:
11957:
11822:
11821:
11799:Political parties
11750:Foreign relations
11717:
11716:
11612:Communist Romania
11572:Early Middle Ages
11434:978-83-60251-15-7
11407:978-90-04-17536-5
11400:. Leiden: Brill.
11375:978-3-486-56262-0
11354:978-0-19-964492-6
11182:978-0-521-87238-6
11084:978-0-8142-0511-2
11037:978-1-139-42888-0
10993:978-963-9116-96-2
10146:978-0-8020-6369-4
10111:on 9 January 2016
9948:Evenimentul Zilei
9700:978-0-230-58347-4
9645:Pop, Ioan-Aurel.
9373:Romanian language
9124:, pp. 54–55.
9112:, pp. 46–47.
9084:978-963-9116-31-3
9055:978-0-88033-440-2
8739:, pp. 56–57.
8727:(12.4.2), p. 122.
8481:, pp. 14–15.
8432:978-973-28-0659-3
8373:on 1 October 2015
8348:vlachs maramures.
8328:Peoples of Europe
8301:Wiewiorowski 2008
8289:978-0-19-866277-8
7982:978-1-59884-302-6
7696:978-1-920996-23-9
7501:Statistics Canada
7017:Statistics Norway
6798:978-963-235-542-9
6403:. 20 April 2023.
6340:statistica.gov.md
6108:Romanian diaspora
6093:Romance languages
5815:Mitochondrial DNA
5781:Mitochondrial DNA
5748:, extending from
5696:Northern European
5605:
5604:
5597:
5579:
5467:Megleno-Romanians
5465:-Romanians), the
5288:
5255:
4441:, technology and
4429:List of Romanians
4238:Romanian diaspora
4150:Romanian language
4098:was identical to
4067:, etc.), and the
3876:Moldovan language
3841:Megeleno-Romanian
3817:Romanian language
3765:Romanian language
3649:candidate of the
3592:Nicolae Ceaușescu
3521:absolute monarchy
3302:Michael the Brave
3284:in these causes.
3278:Kingdom of Poland
3266:Michael the Brave
3258:Stephen the Great
3207:Niketas Choniates
3071:Crimean Peninsula
3051:Manuel I Komnenos
3028:Manuel I Komnenos
3020:Niketas Choniates
3001:bold mountaineers
2971:Pannonia Inferior
2923:Niketas Choniates
2768:, Vlachs and the
2651:Megleno-Romanians
2581:Diocese of Thrace
2316:Megleno-Romanians
2265:Romanian language
2263:, they speak the
2239:ethnic group and
2223:[roˈmɨnʲ]
2204:
2203:
2161:Moldovan Romanian
1951:Chernivtsi Oblast
1899:
1898:
1776:National Register
1418:Communist Romania
1378:Early Middle Ages
1305:
1304:
1295:Megleno-Romanians
1283:-speaking peoples
1220:
1219:
1161:
1160:
1058:
1057:
999:
998:
853:
852:
766:
765:
84:22.8–24.8 million
13152:
13075:
13074:
12968:Language contact
12931:Romanian Academy
12905:Romanian Braille
12733:Megleno-Romanian
12687:
12686:
12607:
12600:
12593:
12584:
12583:
12486:Immigrant groups
12233:
12226:
12219:
12210:
12209:
12196:
12195:
12176:
12169:
12048:Social structure
11969:
11968:
11905:
11870:Great Depression
11833:
11832:
11728:
11727:
11637:
11636:
11582:Early Modern Era
11505:
11498:
11491:
11482:
11481:
11459:
11450:
11448:
11446:
11411:
11392:
11379:
11358:
11336:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11280:
11256:
11227:
11225:
11223:
11198:
11196:
11194:
11165:
11128:
11126:
11124:
11118:
11104:(in Hungarian).
11099:
11088:
11069:
11067:
11053:
11051:
11049:
11017:
10997:
10965:
10964:
10957:
10951:
10945:
10939:
10933:
10927:
10921:
10915:
10909:
10898:
10897:
10887:
10877:
10853:
10847:
10846:
10836:
10826:
10802:
10796:
10795:
10785:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10743:
10710:
10701:
10695:
10689:
10688:
10678:
10668:
10644:
10638:
10637:
10627:
10594:
10588:
10587:
10577:
10559:
10535:
10529:
10528:
10526:
10524:
10504:
10498:
10497:
10487:
10477:
10445:
10439:
10438:
10428:
10418:
10385:
10379:
10378:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10350:
10340:
10308:
10299:
10296:
10290:
10289:
10279:
10238:
10232:
10225:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10200:
10194:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10158:
10127:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10110:
10097:
10088:
10082:
10081:
10080:on 15 June 2007.
10079:
10068:
10060:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10030:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10000:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9970:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9959:
9939:
9933:
9932:
9930:
9928:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9897:
9878:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9858:. Archived from
9856:US Census Bureau
9848:
9842:
9834:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9818:
9799:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9788:
9769:
9763:
9729:
9723:
9709:
9703:
9692:
9686:
9685:
9675:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9664:
9658:
9651:
9642:
9636:
9619:
9613:
9592:
9586:
9576:
9570:
9539:
9533:
9508:
9502:
9499:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9444:
9438:
9427:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9393:
9387:
9370:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9359:
9337:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9305:
9299:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9257:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9224:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9213:
9195:
9189:
9183:
9177:
9171:
9162:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9131:
9125:
9119:
9113:
9107:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9096:
9064:
9058:
9047:
9041:
9035:
9029:
9023:
9017:
9011:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9000:
8972:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8961:
8946:
8940:
8930:
8924:
8913:
8907:
8904:
8898:
8884:
8878:
8875:
8869:
8866:
8860:
8857:
8851:
8844:
8838:
8825:
8816:
8810:
8804:
8798:
8792:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8768:
8746:
8740:
8734:
8728:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8671:
8665:
8662:
8656:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8614:
8608:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8591:
8559:
8553:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8525:
8519:
8513:
8507:
8501:
8491:Gesta Hungarorum
8488:
8482:
8476:
8470:
8464:
8458:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8444:
8416:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8378:
8372:
8365:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8331:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8292:
8281:
8275:
8264:
8253:
8252:, p. 39–61.
8247:
8241:
8235:
8229:
8223:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8179:Brian W. Jones,
8177:
8171:
8164:
8158:
8150:, page 108 sqq.
8132:
8123:
8114:
8105:
8104:
8102:
8100:
8080:
8074:
8071:
8066:
8064:
8045:"Dacia, summary"
8040:
8034:
8032:
8008:
8002:
8001:
7996:
7994:
7959:
7953:
7952:
7947:
7945:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7900:
7898:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7833:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7808:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7751:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7732:on 1 August 2012
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7706:on 17 April 2017
7705:
7699:. Archived from
7688:
7678:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7652:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7613:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7592:. Archived from
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7553:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7475:12.statcan.gc.ca
7467:
7461:
7455:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7293:. Archived from
7283:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7236:on 24 April 2012
7226:
7220:
7219:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7019:(in Norwegian).
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6979:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6962:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6926:. Archived from
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6888:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6807:
6790:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6702:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6666:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6627:
6621:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6500:
6487:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6275:
6248:Romanian cuisine
6238:Sport in Romania
6233:Music of Romania
6118:Romanian British
6076:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6051:
6039:
6027:
6015:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5955:
5943:
5931:
5919:
5857:) living in the
5600:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5580:
5578:
5537:
5513:
5505:
5440:
5425:
5413:
5401:
5389:
5370:
5338:
5278:
5245:
5196:
5187:
5147:
5141:
5131:
5125:
5115:
5109:
5099:
5093:
5083:
5077:
5067:
5061:
5051:
5045:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5011:
5005:
4995:
4989:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4955:
4949:
4939:
4905:
4889:
4873:
4853:
4837:
4821:
4765:
4750:
4735:
4720:
4702:
4684:
4649:Eastern Orthodox
4560:Angela Gheorghiu
4494:theory of sonics
4474:Nicolae Paulescu
4398:Republika Srpska
4296:language barrier
4275:
4269:
4263:
4258: +1,000,000
4257:
4251:
4226:Megleno-Romanian
4127:
4121:
4115:
4092:Tomasz Kamusella
4086:
4080:
4015:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3979:[ruˈmɨn]
3976:
3970:
3952:is derived from
3929:
3885:Since 2013, the
3864:Megleno-Romanian
3821:Romance language
3782:Slavic languages
3531:Contemporary Era
3455:Treaty of Berlin
3424:(who reigned as
3410:liberal ideology
3294:Balkan peninsula
3270:Vlad the Impaler
3262:Mircea the Elder
3250:late Middle Ages
3195:Byzantine Empire
3185:and the western
3067:Southeast Europe
2981:(Mátyás Gyóni).
2921:(1143-1185) and
2891:Kitāb al-Fihrist
2774:Carpathian Basin
2742:Gesta Hungarorum
2690:Romance language
2659:Age of Migration
2578:
2575:
2565:
2562:
2541:divided between
2485:Diocese of Dacia
2328:Balkan Peninsula
2237:Romance-speaking
2225:
2220:
2196:
2189:
2182:
1924:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1588:Eastern Orthodox
1388:Early Modern Era
1332:
1323:
1307:
1306:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1093:100,823 (mostly
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1005:
1004:
992:
988:
986:
985:
972:
968:
966:
965:
952:
948:
946:
945:
925:
921:
919:
918:
905:
901:
899:
898:
885:
881:
879:
878:
859:
858:
846:
842:
840:
839:
826:
822:
820:
819:
803:Romanian Germans
798:
794:
792:
791:
772:
771:
759:
755:
753:
752:
739:
735:
733:
732:
719:
715:
713:
712:
699:
695:
693:
692:
679:
675:
673:
672:
659:
655:
653:
652:
639:
635:
633:
632:
621:
616:
612:
610:
609:
596:
592:
590:
589:
573:
571:
570:
558:
554:
552:
551:
538:
534:
532:
531:
518:
514:
512:
511:
494:
490:
488:
487:
471:
470:
457:
453:
451:
450:
437:
433:
431:
430:
417:
413:
411:
410:
397:
393:
391:
390:
377:
373:
371:
370:
357:
353:
351:
350:
337:
333:
331:
330:
317:
313:
311:
310:
293:
289:
287:
286:
273:
269:
267:
266:
253:
249:
247:
246:
233:
229:
227:
226:
213:
209:
207:
206:
194:Romanian Germans
189:
185:
183:
182:
169:
165:
163:
162:
143:
142:
135:Other countries
124:
120:
118:
117:
104:
102:
101:
82:
75:Total population
67:
57:
49:
45:
13160:
13159:
13155:
13154:
13153:
13151:
13150:
13149:
13145:Romance peoples
13100:Romanian people
13090:
13089:
13088:
13083:
13063:
13037:
12999:
12963:
12909:
12885:Modern alphabet
12873:
12871:Modern Romanian
12867:Re-latinization
12859:Common Romanian
12851:Classical Latin
12838:
12742:
12706:
12685:
12616:
12611:
12581:
12576:
12565:
12480:
12457:
12396:
12255:
12242:
12237:
12207:
12202:
12179:
12172:
12165:
12152:
12062:
12016:Public holidays
11954:
11915:Property bubble
11903:
11818:
11777:Law enforcement
11713:
11694:Protected areas
11626:
11602:Greater Romania
11531:
11518:
11509:
11467:
11462:
11444:
11442:
11435:
11408:
11376:
11355:
11333:
11311:
11309:
11277:
11221:
11219:
11192:
11190:
11183:
11122:
11120:
11116:
11097:
11085:
11047:
11045:
11038:
11014:
10994:
10974:
10969:
10968:
10959:
10958:
10954:
10946:
10942:
10934:
10930:
10922:
10918:
10910:
10901:
10854:
10850:
10803:
10799:
10761:
10757:
10711:
10704:
10696:
10692:
10645:
10641:
10595:
10591:
10550:(8): e1002886.
10536:
10532:
10522:
10520:
10505:
10501:
10446:
10442:
10401:(9): e0135820.
10386:
10382:
10374:
10368:
10364:
10309:
10302:
10297:
10293:
10239:
10235:
10226:
10222:
10212:
10210:
10202:
10201:
10197:
10187:
10185:
10170:
10166:
10156:
10154:
10147:
10128:
10124:
10114:
10112:
10108:
10095:
10090:
10089:
10085:
10077:
10066:
10062:
10061:
10057:
10047:
10045:
10040:(in Romanian).
10032:
10031:
10027:
10017:
10015:
10002:
10001:
9997:
9987:
9985:
9980:. 10 May 2017.
9972:
9971:
9967:
9957:
9955:
9950:(in Romanian).
9940:
9936:
9926:
9924:
9909:
9905:
9895:
9893:
9880:
9879:
9875:
9865:
9863:
9850:
9849:
9845:
9835:
9826:
9816:
9814:
9809:(in Romanian).
9801:
9800:
9796:
9786:
9784:
9779:(in Romanian).
9771:
9770:
9766:
9753:Wayback Machine
9730:
9726:
9710:
9706:
9693:
9689:
9676:
9672:
9662:
9660:
9656:
9649:
9643:
9639:
9634:Wayback Machine
9620:
9616:
9610:Wayback Machine
9593:
9589:
9577:
9573:
9568:Wayback Machine
9540:
9536:
9526:Wayback Machine
9509:
9505:
9500:
9496:
9486:
9484:
9445:
9441:
9428:
9424:
9414:
9412:
9395:
9394:
9390:
9380:Wayback Machine
9371:
9367:
9357:
9355:
9350:(in Romanian).
9338:
9334:
9324:
9322:
9307:
9306:
9302:
9297:Wayback Machine
9287:
9283:
9273:
9271:
9258:
9251:
9241:
9239:
9226:
9225:
9221:
9211:
9209:
9196:
9192:
9184:
9180:
9172:
9165:
9156:
9152:
9144:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9120:
9116:
9108:
9104:
9094:
9092:
9085:
9065:
9061:
9048:
9044:
9036:
9032:
9024:
9020:
9012:
9008:
8998:
8996:
8989:
8973:
8969:
8959:
8957:
8948:
8947:
8943:
8931:
8927:
8914:
8910:
8905:
8901:
8896:Wayback Machine
8885:
8881:
8876:
8872:
8867:
8863:
8858:
8854:
8845:
8841:
8836:Wayback Machine
8826:
8819:
8811:
8807:
8799:
8795:
8789:Wayback Machine
8780:
8776:
8766:
8764:
8747:
8743:
8735:
8731:
8723:
8719:
8711:
8704:
8696:
8692:
8684:
8680:
8672:
8668:
8663:
8659:
8654:
8650:
8640:
8638:
8631:
8615:
8611:
8603:
8599:
8589:
8587:
8580:
8560:
8556:
8544:
8540:
8532:
8528:
8520:
8516:
8508:
8504:
8498:Wayback Machine
8489:
8485:
8477:
8473:
8465:
8461:
8456:
8452:
8442:
8440:
8433:
8417:
8413:
8403:
8401:
8390:
8386:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8363:
8359:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8324:
8323:
8319:
8311:
8307:
8299:
8295:
8282:
8278:
8265:
8256:
8248:
8244:
8236:
8232:
8224:
8217:
8203:
8199:
8191:
8187:
8178:
8174:
8165:
8161:
8156:Wayback Machine
8144:Wayback Machine
8133:
8126:
8115:
8108:
8098:
8096:
8091:(in Romanian).
8081:
8077:
8062:
8060:
8043:
8030:
8028:
8011:
8009:
8005:
7992:
7990:
7983:
7960:
7956:
7943:
7941:
7934:
7914:
7910:
7896:
7894:
7887:
7867:Pop, Ioan-Aurel
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7835:
7834:
7830:
7825:on 11 May 2011.
7822:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7795:
7793:
7788:(in Romanian).
7778:
7774:
7764:
7762:
7753:
7752:
7745:
7735:
7733:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7675:
7665:
7663:
7654:
7653:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7599:
7597:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7566:(in Romanian).
7554:
7550:
7540:
7538:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7514:
7512:
7498:
7494:
7484:
7482:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7456:
7449:
7439:
7437:
7424:
7423:
7419:
7409:
7407:
7398:
7397:
7393:
7383:
7381:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7357:
7355:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7327:
7325:
7320:(in Romanian).
7314:
7310:
7300:
7298:
7285:
7284:
7280:
7270:
7268:
7263:(in Romanian).
7253:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7212:
7208:
7198:
7196:
7191:(in Romanian).
7181:
7177:
7167:
7165:
7160:(in Romanian).
7150:
7146:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7118:
7116:
7111:(in Romanian).
7101:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7057:
7055:
7040:
7036:
7026:
7024:
7011:
7010:
7006:
6996:
6994:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6948:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6931:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6877:
6867:
6865:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6841:
6839:
6826:
6825:
6821:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6788:
6775:
6771:
6761:
6759:
6750:
6749:
6745:
6735:
6733:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6707:
6700:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6664:
6658:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6612:
6608:
6598:
6596:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6567:
6565:
6560:. 19 May 2022.
6550:
6549:
6545:
6534:
6532:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6466:
6464:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6436:
6434:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6349:
6347:
6332:
6328:
6318:
6316:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6292:
6290:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6243:Name of Romania
6123:Romanian French
6072:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6055:
6052:
6043:
6040:
6031:
6028:
6019:
6016:
6007:
6004:
5995:
5992:
5983:
5980:
5971:
5968:
5959:
5956:
5947:
5944:
5935:
5932:
5923:
5920:
5911:
5895:
5887:Dimitrie Onciul
5851:
5845:
5611:
5601:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5526:primary sources
5514:
5503:
5471:Istro-Romanians
5455:
5448:
5441:
5432:
5426:
5417:
5414:
5405:
5402:
5393:
5390:
5381:
5371:
5362:
5361:holiday (2006).
5341:Romanians from
5339:
5330:
5325:
5319:
5229:Trajan's Bridge
5214:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:(left) and the
5199:
5198:
5197:
5189:
5188:
5177:
4913:
4908:Roman Catholic
4906:
4897:
4890:
4881:
4876:Greek Catholic
4874:
4865:
4856:Greek Catholic
4854:
4845:
4840:Roman Catholic
4838:
4829:
4824:Roman Catholic
4822:
4792:, and parts of
4772:
4769:Putna Monastery
4766:
4757:
4751:
4742:
4736:
4727:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4645:
4639:
4603:Ivan Patzaichin
4589:etc.), tennis (
4581:), gymnastics (
4568:Cristian Mungiu
4516:(Paris, 1948).
4498:Ștefan Odobleja
4460:discovered the
4431:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4170:
4142:
4130:Wolfgang Dahmen
3938:
3936:Name of Romania
3932:
3910:
3896:As of 2017, an
3856:Eastern Romance
3833:Eastern Romance
3774:Neacșu's letter
3767:
3761:
3751:as well as the
3735:by joining the
3554:, respectively
3533:
3505:interwar period
3466:Austria-Hungary
3404:as well as the
3379:Austrian Empire
3317:Austrian Empire
3290:
3223:White Wallachia
3174:and Pannonia".
3092:founded by the
2979:Dacia Aureliana
2903:George Kedrenos
2772:inhabiting the
2738:North Macedonia
2655:Istro-Romanians
2619:
2609:
2576:
2563:
2454:Moesia Superior
2449:Dacia Aureliana
2442:and the Dacian
2357:
2349:Main articles:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2320:Istro-Romanians
2218:
2200:
2171:
2170:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2126:
2116:
2115:
2061:
2051:
2050:
1972:
1962:
1961:
1932:
1895:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1833:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:National anthem
1803:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1766:
1765:
1747:
1746:
1727:
1726:
1715:
1714:
1695:Music by region
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1652:
1651:
1640:
1639:
1620:
1619:
1608:
1607:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1566:Music festivals
1561:
1560:
1549:
1548:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1497:Characteristics
1492:
1491:
1476:
1475:
1461:
1460:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1408:Greater Romania
1344:
1343:
1319:
1299:Istro-Romanians
1284:
1254:
1248:
1204:
1202:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1145:
1143:
1125:
1123:
1105:
1103:
1081:
1079:
1069:
1042:
1040:
1022:
1020:
1010:
983:
981:
963:
961:
943:
941:
934:Romanian Romani
916:
914:
896:
894:
876:
874:
864:
837:
835:
817:
815:
789:
787:
777:
750:
748:
730:
728:
710:
708:
690:
688:
670:
668:
650:
648:
630:
628:
607:
605:
587:
585:
568:
566:
549:
547:
529:
527:
509:
507:
485:
483:
465:
448:
446:
428:
426:
408:
406:
388:
386:
368:
366:
348:
346:
328:
326:
308:
306:
284:
282:
264:
262:
244:
242:
224:
222:
204:
202:
180:
178:
160:
158:
148:
115:
113:
110:
99:
97:
70:
58:
44:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13158:
13148:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13085:
13084:
13082:
13081:
13068:
13065:
13064:
13062:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13045:
13043:
13039:
13038:
13036:
13035:
13034:
13033:
13028:
13023:
13018:
13007:
13005:
13001:
13000:
12998:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12971:
12969:
12965:
12964:
12962:
12961:
12956:
12949:
12948:
12947:
12940:
12928:
12923:
12917:
12915:
12911:
12910:
12908:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12881:
12879:
12875:
12874:
12849:
12847:
12840:
12839:
12837:
12836:
12831:
12830:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12809:
12808:
12807:
12802:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12750:
12748:
12744:
12743:
12741:
12740:
12738:Istro-Romanian
12735:
12730:
12725:
12718:
12716:
12712:
12711:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12704:
12699:
12693:
12691:
12684:
12683:
12682:
12681:
12676:
12666:
12661:
12660:
12659:
12654:
12644:
12639:
12638:
12637:
12626:
12624:
12618:
12617:
12610:
12609:
12602:
12595:
12587:
12578:
12577:
12575:
12574:
12570:
12567:
12566:
12564:
12563:
12557:
12551:
12545:
12539:
12533:
12527:
12521:
12515:
12509:
12503:
12497:
12490:
12488:
12482:
12481:
12479:
12478:
12475:Dobrujan Arabs
12472:
12465:
12463:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12455:
12449:
12443:
12437:
12431:
12425:
12419:
12413:
12406:
12404:
12398:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12388:
12382:
12376:
12370:
12364:
12358:
12352:
12346:
12340:
12334:
12328:
12322:
12316:
12309:Crimean Tatars
12307:(divided into
12302:
12296:
12290:
12284:
12278:
12272:
12265:
12263:
12257:
12256:
12250:
12248:
12247:Dominant group
12244:
12243:
12236:
12235:
12228:
12221:
12213:
12204:
12203:
12201:
12200:
12190:
12185:
12178:
12177:
12170:
12162:
12161:
12158:
12157:
12154:
12153:
12151:
12150:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12104:
12103:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12072:
12070:
12064:
12063:
12061:
12060:
12055:
12053:Urban planning
12050:
12045:
12044:
12043:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11972:
11966:
11960:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11935:Stock Exchange
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11899:
11898:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11836:
11830:
11824:
11823:
11820:
11819:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11809:Prime Minister
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11790:
11789:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11768:
11767:
11757:
11752:
11747:
11742:
11737:
11731:
11725:
11719:
11718:
11715:
11714:
11712:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11640:
11634:
11628:
11627:
11625:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11553:
11552:
11541:
11539:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11529:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11508:
11507:
11500:
11493:
11485:
11479:
11478:
11473:
11466:
11465:External links
11463:
11461:
11460:
11451:
11433:
11412:
11406:
11393:
11380:
11374:
11359:
11353:
11337:
11331:
11318:
11281:
11275:
11263:, ed. (1991).
11257:
11245:10.2307/294583
11228:
11199:
11181:
11166:
11146:10.2307/526591
11129:
11089:
11083:
11070:
11054:
11036:
11018:
11012:
10998:
10992:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10967:
10966:
10952:
10950:, p. 278.
10940:
10928:
10916:
10914:, p. 117.
10899:
10848:
10797:
10776:(6): 1300–11.
10755:
10702:
10690:
10639:
10589:
10530:
10499:
10440:
10380:
10362:
10300:
10291:
10233:
10220:
10195:
10164:
10145:
10122:
10083:
10055:
10025:
9995:
9965:
9934:
9919:(in Bosnian).
9903:
9873:
9843:
9824:
9794:
9764:
9742:Raymond Detrez
9724:
9704:
9702:, p. 208; 452.
9687:
9684:. p. 448.
9670:
9637:
9614:
9587:
9571:
9534:
9503:
9494:
9451:Nibelungenlied
9439:
9422:
9388:
9365:
9332:
9300:
9281:
9249:
9219:
9190:
9188:, p. 273.
9178:
9163:
9150:
9138:
9126:
9114:
9102:
9083:
9059:
9042:
9030:
9028:, p. 408.
9018:
9016:, p. 189.
9006:
8987:
8967:
8941:
8925:
8908:
8899:
8879:
8870:
8861:
8852:
8839:
8817:
8815:, p. 310.
8805:
8803:, p. 323.
8793:
8774:
8741:
8729:
8717:
8702:
8700:, p. 155.
8690:
8686:Georgescu 1991
8678:
8666:
8657:
8648:
8629:
8609:
8597:
8578:
8554:
8538:
8526:
8514:
8502:
8483:
8479:Georgescu 1991
8471:
8459:
8450:
8431:
8411:
8384:
8352:
8342:
8317:
8315:, p. 236.
8313:Zahariade 2006
8305:
8293:
8276:
8254:
8242:
8230:
8215:
8197:
8185:
8172:
8159:
8124:
8120:David Levinson
8106:
8075:
8073:
8072:
8049:britannica.com
8017:britannica.com
8003:
7981:
7954:
7932:
7908:
7885:
7858:
7828:
7803:
7772:
7743:
7717:
7695:
7673:
7638:
7608:
7581:
7563:România liberă
7548:
7522:
7503:(8 May 2013).
7492:
7477:. 8 May 2013.
7462:
7447:
7417:
7391:
7365:
7335:
7308:
7278:
7247:
7221:
7206:
7175:
7144:
7126:
7095:
7065:
7034:
7004:
6974:
6952:(in Serbian).
6941:
6911:
6875:
6849:
6819:
6797:
6769:
6743:
6713:
6689:
6652:
6622:
6606:
6589:EWconomica.net
6576:
6543:
6512:
6474:
6444:
6418:
6392:
6377:(in Italian).
6366:
6357:
6326:
6300:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6218:Art of Romania
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:Romania portal
6061:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6010:
6008:
6005:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5894:
5891:
5847:Main article:
5844:
5841:
5803:haplogroup K2a
5766:Haplogroup R1b
5754:Central Europe
5738:Haplogroup R1a
5603:
5602:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5433:
5430:Ipolit Strâmbu
5427:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5384:
5382:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5340:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5321:Main article:
5318:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5297:
5273:
5264:
5240:
5231:
5201:
5200:
5191:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5148:), and so on.
4915:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4882:
4880:, Transylvania
4875:
4868:
4866:
4864:, Transylvania
4855:
4848:
4846:
4844:, Transylvania
4839:
4832:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4730:
4728:
4726:, Transylvania
4722:
4715:
4713:
4704:
4697:
4695:
4686:
4679:
4659:in the world.
4641:Main article:
4638:
4635:
4625:) and on some
4583:Nadia Comăneci
4550:(playwright),
4548:Eugène Ionesco
4540:Yehudi Menuhin
4518:Lazăr Edeleanu
4427:Main article:
4424:
4421:
4416:Main article:
4413:
4410:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4272:
4266:
4264: +100,000
4260:
4254:
4248:
4236:Main article:
4233:
4230:
4222:Istro-Romanian
4169:
4166:
4162:Dacia Ripensis
4141:
4138:
4108:Raymond Detrez
4013:știi românește
3998:Nibelungenlied
3934:Main article:
3931:
3918:
3909:
3906:
3868:Istro-Romanian
3845:Istro-Romanian
3763:Main article:
3760:
3757:
3741:European Union
3729:Western Europe
3686:Prime Minister
3682:Klaus Iohannis
3639:Traian Băsescu
3532:
3529:
3478:Triple Entente
3474:Central Powers
3313:Habsburg lands
3289:
3286:
3274:Central Europe
3246:Ottoman Empire
3127:in the 1230s.
3026:, the emperor
2953:and Vlachs in
2927:John Skylitzes
2911:John Skylitzes
2909:(circa 1000),
2905:(circa 1000),
2831:Avar Khaganate
2756:and the Vlach
2641:-speaking and
2608:
2605:
2601:Constantine IV
2527:Roman province
2501:Dacia Ripensis
2458:Dacia Ripensis
2411:in 106, after
2405:Dacian kingdom
2397:Dacian kingdom
2346:
2343:
2338:Main article:
2335:
2332:
2257:common culture
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2003:
2002:
2000:United Kingdom
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1908:of articles on
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1761:
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1759:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1720:
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1716:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1683:
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1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1598:Greek Catholic
1595:
1593:Roman Catholic
1590:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1302:
1285:(most notably
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1261:Greek Catholic
1257:Roman Catholic
1242:Predominantly
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1075:
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1070:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
977:
976:
973:
957:
956:
953:
937:
936:
926:
910:
909:
906:
890:
889:
886:
870:
869:
866:
865:
862:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
831:
830:
827:
811:
810:
799:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
768:
767:
764:
763:
760:
744:
743:
740:
724:
723:
720:
704:
703:
700:
684:
683:
680:
664:
663:
660:
644:
643:
640:
624:
623:
617:
601:
600:
597:
581:
580:
577:
563:
562:
559:
556:Czech Republic
543:
542:
539:
523:
522:
519:
503:
502:
495:
479:
478:
475:
462:
461:
458:
442:
441:
438:
422:
421:
418:
402:
401:
398:
382:
381:
378:
362:
361:
358:
342:
341:
338:
322:
321:
318:
302:
301:
294:
278:
277:
274:
258:
257:
254:
238:
237:
234:
231:United Kingdom
218:
217:
214:
198:
197:
190:
174:
173:
170:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
139:
138:
136:
132:
131:
93:
92:
88:
87:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13157:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13097:
13095:
13080:
13079:
13070:
13069:
13066:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13046:
13044:
13040:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13013:
13012:
13009:
13008:
13006:
13002:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12972:
12970:
12966:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12954:
12950:
12946:
12945:
12941:
12939:
12938:
12934:
12933:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12912:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12882:
12880:
12876:
12872:
12868:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12852:
12848:
12846:
12841:
12835:
12832:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12814:
12813:
12810:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12756:
12755:
12752:
12751:
12749:
12745:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12726:
12723:
12722:Daco-Romanian
12720:
12719:
12717:
12713:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12688:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12671:
12670:
12667:
12665:
12662:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12649:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12636:
12633:
12632:
12631:
12628:
12627:
12625:
12623:
12619:
12615:
12608:
12603:
12601:
12596:
12594:
12589:
12588:
12585:
12572:
12571:
12568:
12561:
12558:
12555:
12552:
12549:
12546:
12543:
12540:
12537:
12534:
12531:
12528:
12525:
12522:
12519:
12516:
12513:
12510:
12507:
12504:
12501:
12498:
12495:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12483:
12477:(145 in 1850)
12476:
12473:
12470:
12467:
12466:
12464:
12460:
12453:
12450:
12447:
12444:
12441:
12438:
12435:
12432:
12430:(1,200–2,000)
12429:
12426:
12423:
12420:
12417:
12414:
12411:
12408:
12407:
12405:
12403:
12399:
12392:
12389:
12386:
12383:
12380:
12377:
12374:
12371:
12368:
12365:
12362:
12359:
12356:
12353:
12350:
12347:
12344:
12341:
12338:
12335:
12332:
12329:
12326:
12323:
12320:
12317:
12314:
12310:
12306:
12303:
12300:
12297:
12294:
12291:
12288:
12285:
12282:
12279:
12276:
12273:
12270:
12267:
12266:
12264:
12262:
12258:
12253:
12249:
12245:
12241:
12234:
12229:
12227:
12222:
12220:
12215:
12214:
12211:
12199:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12180:
12175:
12171:
12168:
12164:
12163:
12159:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12102:
12099:
12098:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12065:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11973:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11961:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11910:National Bank
11908:
11906:
11900:
11896:
11895:petrochemical
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11860:Foreign trade
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11837:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11825:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11788:
11785:
11784:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11766:
11763:
11762:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11732:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11720:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11629:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11551:
11548:
11547:
11546:
11543:
11542:
11540:
11538:
11534:
11528:
11525:
11524:
11521:
11517:
11513:
11506:
11501:
11499:
11494:
11492:
11487:
11486:
11483:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11468:
11457:
11452:
11440:
11436:
11430:
11426:
11422:
11418:
11413:
11409:
11403:
11399:
11394:
11391:(1): 271–273.
11390:
11386:
11381:
11377:
11371:
11367:
11365:
11360:
11356:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11332:973-7784-01-4
11328:
11324:
11319:
11307:
11303:
11299:
11295:
11291:
11287:
11282:
11278:
11276:0-19-504652-8
11272:
11268:
11267:
11262:
11258:
11254:
11250:
11246:
11242:
11238:
11234:
11229:
11217:
11213:
11209:
11205:
11200:
11188:
11184:
11178:
11174:
11173:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11143:
11139:
11135:
11130:
11115:
11111:
11107:
11103:
11095:
11090:
11086:
11080:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11065:
11059:
11058:Curta, Florin
11055:
11043:
11039:
11033:
11029:
11028:
11023:
11022:Curta, Florin
11019:
11015:
11013:963-05-6703-2
11009:
11005:
10999:
10995:
10989:
10986:. CEU Press.
10985:
10981:
10977:
10976:
10962:
10956:
10949:
10944:
10937:
10932:
10925:
10920:
10913:
10908:
10906:
10904:
10895:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10867:
10863:
10859:
10852:
10844:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10816:
10812:
10808:
10801:
10793:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10775:
10771:
10767:
10759:
10751:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10733:
10729:
10726:(1): 95–101.
10725:
10721:
10717:
10709:
10707:
10699:
10694:
10686:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10658:
10654:
10650:
10643:
10635:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10617:
10613:
10610:(1): 124–31.
10609:
10605:
10601:
10593:
10585:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10549:
10545:
10544:PLOS Genetics
10541:
10534:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10503:
10495:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10467:
10463:
10460:(1): e53731.
10459:
10455:
10451:
10444:
10436:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10408:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10392:
10384:
10377:
10372:
10366:
10358:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10323:(7): e41803.
10322:
10318:
10314:
10307:
10305:
10295:
10287:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10237:
10231:
10224:
10209:
10205:
10199:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10172:Bogdan Banu.
10168:
10152:
10148:
10142:
10138:
10137:
10132:
10126:
10107:
10103:
10102:
10093:
10087:
10076:
10072:
10071:Eurobarometer
10065:
10059:
10043:
10039:
10035:
10029:
10013:
10009:
10005:
9999:
9983:
9979:
9975:
9969:
9953:
9949:
9945:
9938:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9907:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9877:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9831:
9829:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9798:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9768:
9762:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9747:
9743:
9738:
9734:
9728:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9708:
9701:
9697:
9691:
9683:
9682:
9674:
9655:
9648:
9641:
9635:
9631:
9628:
9624:
9618:
9611:
9607:
9604:
9600:
9598:
9591:
9584:
9582:
9575:
9569:
9565:
9562:
9558:
9556:
9552:and further "
9551:
9549:
9545:
9538:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9520:
9516:
9514:
9507:
9498:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9470:
9466:
9463:(1): 71–124.
9462:
9458:
9454:
9452:
9443:
9436:
9432:
9426:
9410:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9392:
9385:
9381:
9377:
9374:
9369:
9353:
9349:
9348:
9343:
9336:
9320:
9316:
9315:
9310:
9304:
9298:
9294:
9291:
9285:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9256:
9254:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9223:
9207:
9203:
9202:
9194:
9187:
9182:
9175:
9170:
9168:
9160:
9154:
9148:, p. 54.
9147:
9146:Madgearu 2001
9142:
9136:, p. 76.
9135:
9130:
9123:
9122:Madgearu 2005
9118:
9111:
9110:Madgearu 2005
9106:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9071:
9063:
9056:
9052:
9046:
9039:
9034:
9027:
9022:
9015:
9010:
8994:
8990:
8988:0-8046-1600-0
8984:
8980:
8979:
8971:
8955:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8938:5-244-00072-1
8935:
8929:
8922:
8921:963-9441-87-2
8918:
8912:
8903:
8897:
8893:
8890:
8883:
8874:
8865:
8856:
8849:
8843:
8837:
8833:
8830:
8824:
8822:
8814:
8809:
8802:
8797:
8790:
8786:
8783:
8778:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8745:
8738:
8737:Madgearu 2005
8733:
8726:
8721:
8715:, p. 56.
8714:
8713:Madgearu 2005
8709:
8707:
8699:
8694:
8688:, p. 13.
8687:
8682:
8676:, p. 83.
8675:
8670:
8661:
8652:
8636:
8632:
8630:0-88033-479-7
8626:
8622:
8621:
8613:
8607:, p. 16.
8606:
8605:Hitchins 2014
8601:
8585:
8581:
8579:973-653-191-0
8575:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8558:
8552:
8551:0-7486-0209-7
8548:
8542:
8535:
8530:
8524:
8518:
8512:
8506:
8499:
8495:
8492:
8487:
8480:
8475:
8469:, p. 20.
8468:
8467:Hitchins 2014
8463:
8454:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8415:
8399:
8395:
8388:
8369:
8362:
8356:
8349:
8345:
8343:0-7614-7378-5
8339:
8335:
8330:
8329:
8321:
8314:
8309:
8303:, p. 11.
8302:
8297:
8290:
8286:
8280:
8273:
8272:0-19-504652-8
8269:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8251:
8250:Janković 2004
8246:
8239:
8234:
8227:
8222:
8220:
8206:
8201:
8194:
8189:
8182:
8176:
8169:
8163:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8131:
8129:
8121:
8118:
8113:
8111:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8079:
8070:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8026:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8007:
8000:
7988:
7984:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7963:Cole, Jeffrey
7958:
7951:
7939:
7935:
7933:0-313-30984-1
7929:
7925:
7921:
7920:
7912:
7905:
7892:
7888:
7886:0-88033-440-1
7882:
7878:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7862:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7832:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7807:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7776:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7748:
7731:
7727:
7721:
7702:
7698:
7692:
7685:
7684:
7677:
7661:
7657:
7651:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7595:
7591:
7585:
7569:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7552:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7466:
7459:
7454:
7452:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7426:"2000 Census"
7421:
7405:
7401:
7395:
7379:
7375:
7369:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7339:
7323:
7319:
7312:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7266:
7262:
7258:
7251:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7217:
7210:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7179:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7148:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7038:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7008:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6929:
6925:
6924:Cystat.gov.cy
6921:
6915:
6896:
6892:
6885:
6879:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6823:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6773:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6717:
6706:
6699:
6693:
6674:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6547:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6516:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6484:
6478:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6448:
6432:
6428:
6422:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6361:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6330:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6270:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
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6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
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6075:
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6050:
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6038:
6033:
6026:
6021:
6014:
6009:
6002:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5937:
5930:
5925:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5903:Romani people
5900:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5686:. Subclades
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5638:
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5624:
5615:
5610:
5599:
5596:
5588:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5546: –
5545:
5541:
5540:Find sources:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5518:This section
5516:
5512:
5507:
5506:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5446:
5445:New York City
5439:
5434:
5431:
5424:
5419:
5412:
5407:
5400:
5395:
5388:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5324:
5314:
5312:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5253:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:Romanian flag
5209:
5205:
5195:
5186:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5146:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5032:
5026:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4911:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4770:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4706:Romano-Gothic
4701:
4696:
4692:
4691:Densuș Church
4689:
4688:Romano-Gothic
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4665:Eurobarometer
4660:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4611:Count Dracula
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4579:Gheorghe Hagi
4575:
4573:
4572:Ioana Ciolacu
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4552:Mircea Eliade
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4536:George Enescu
4532:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4504:" – his work
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4464:of fluidics.
4463:
4462:Coandă effect
4459:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:Romanians of
4328:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4270: +10,000
4252: Romania
4244:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4214:Daco-Romanian
4210:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4172:The name of "
4165:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4146:Daco-Romanian
4140:Daco-Romanian
4137:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4110:asserts that
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4090:According to
4088:
4085:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4008:Sti Rominest?
4004:
4000:
3999:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3942:
3937:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3802:were borrowed
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3745:Schengen Area
3742:
3738:
3734:
3733:United States
3730:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3664:In 2014, the
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3619:head of state
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3582:remained the
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:Ukrainian SSR
3553:
3552:Moldavian SSR
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3248:. During the
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3217:north of the
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:Great Vlachia
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3160:Simon of Kéza
3153:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3047:John Kinnamos
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:John Kinnamos
2917:(1083-1153),
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2898:for Vlachs).
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2851:Slavicisation
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2795:from Emperor
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:) during the
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2571:
2570:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:Scythia Minor
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:of the later
2490:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2391:tribes. King
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:South America
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:United States
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:North America
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:Organisations
1827:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
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1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
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1725:
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1711:
1708:
1706:
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1701:
1698:
1696:
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1673:
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1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1644:
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1633:
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1628:
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1623:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1611:
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1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
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1522:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1100:
1096:
1095:Romanian Jews
1092:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1002:
994:
991:
978:
974:
971:
958:
954:
951:
938:
935:
931:
930:Romanian Jews
927:
924:
911:
907:
904:
891:
887:
884:
871:
867:
863:South America
860:
856:
848:
845:
832:
828:
825:
812:
808:
807:Romanian Jews
804:
800:
797:
796:United States
784:
780:
776:North America
773:
769:
761:
758:
745:
741:
738:
725:
721:
718:
705:
701:
698:
685:
681:
678:
665:
661:
658:
645:
641:
638:
625:
618:
615:
602:
598:
595:
582:
578:
576:
564:
560:
557:
544:
540:
537:
524:
520:
517:
504:
500:
496:
493:
480:
476:
474:
469:
463:
459:
456:
443:
439:
436:
423:
419:
416:
403:
399:
396:
383:
379:
376:
363:
359:
356:
343:
339:
336:
323:
319:
316:
303:
299:
295:
292:
279:
275:
272:
259:
255:
252:
239:
235:
232:
219:
215:
212:
199:
195:
191:
188:
175:
171:
168:
155:
151:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
123:
108:
107:
94:
89:
85:
78:
73:
66:
61:
56:
50:
41:
37:
30:
26:
22:
21:Romani people
13076:
13031:Timok Vlachs
13010:
12951:
12942:
12935:
12878:Written form
12863:Old Romanian
12855:Vulgar Latin
12669:Transylvania
12560:Bangladeshis
12254:(16,792,868)
12251:
12081:Architecture
12035:
12011:Prostitution
11981:Demographics
11885:construction
11760:Human rights
11740:Constitution
11607:World War II
11455:
11443:. Retrieved
11424:
11420:
11397:
11388:
11384:
11366:
11363:
11344:
11322:
11310:. Retrieved
11293:
11289:
11264:
11236:
11232:
11220:. Retrieved
11211:
11207:
11191:. Retrieved
11171:
11137:
11133:
11121:. Retrieved
11105:
11101:
11074:
11063:
11046:. Retrieved
11026:
11003:
10983:
10980:Boia, Lucian
10972:Bibliography
10955:
10948:Schramm 1997
10943:
10938:, p. 1.
10931:
10924:Schramm 1997
10919:
10865:
10862:BMC Genetics
10861:
10851:
10814:
10811:BMC Genetics
10810:
10800:
10773:
10769:
10758:
10723:
10719:
10693:
10656:
10652:
10642:
10607:
10603:
10592:
10547:
10543:
10533:
10521:. Retrieved
10513:Academia.edu
10512:
10502:
10457:
10453:
10443:
10398:
10394:
10383:
10365:
10320:
10316:
10294:
10251:
10247:
10236:
10223:
10211:. Retrieved
10207:
10198:
10186:. Retrieved
10177:
10167:
10155:. Retrieved
10135:
10125:
10113:. Retrieved
10106:the original
10099:
10086:
10075:the original
10058:
10046:. Retrieved
10037:
10028:
10016:. Retrieved
10007:
9998:
9986:. Retrieved
9977:
9968:
9956:. Retrieved
9947:
9937:
9925:. Retrieved
9916:
9906:
9894:. Retrieved
9885:
9876:
9864:. Retrieved
9860:the original
9855:
9846:
9838:
9815:. Retrieved
9806:
9797:
9785:. Retrieved
9776:
9767:
9744:on p. 41 in
9736:
9732:
9727:
9713:denomination
9711:
9707:
9690:
9680:
9673:
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9640:
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9460:
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9450:
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9425:
9415:25 September
9413:. Retrieved
9402:
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9391:
9368:
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9345:
9335:
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9319:the original
9312:
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9284:
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9262:
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9231:
9222:
9210:. Retrieved
9200:
9193:
9181:
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9129:
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9074:
9069:
9062:
9045:
9033:
9021:
9009:
8997:. Retrieved
8977:
8970:
8960:20 September
8958:. Retrieved
8944:
8928:
8911:
8902:
8882:
8873:
8864:
8855:
8842:
8808:
8801:Schramm 1997
8796:
8777:
8765:. Retrieved
8759:(in Greek).
8754:
8744:
8732:
8724:
8720:
8693:
8681:
8669:
8660:
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8619:
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8569:
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8505:
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8462:
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8421:
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8387:
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8368:the original
8355:
8347:
8327:
8320:
8308:
8296:
8279:
8245:
8233:
8200:
8188:
8180:
8175:
8162:
8116:
8097:. Retrieved
8088:
8078:
8068:
8061:. Retrieved
8048:
8036:
8031:21 September
8029:. Retrieved
8016:
8006:
7998:
7991:. Retrieved
7967:
7957:
7949:
7942:. Retrieved
7918:
7911:
7902:
7895:. Retrieved
7871:
7861:
7849:. Retrieved
7840:
7831:
7820:the original
7815:
7806:
7794:. Retrieved
7785:
7775:
7763:. Retrieved
7734:. Retrieved
7730:the original
7720:
7708:. Retrieved
7701:the original
7682:
7676:
7664:. Retrieved
7629:. Retrieved
7620:
7611:
7598:. Retrieved
7594:the original
7584:
7572:. Retrieved
7561:
7551:
7539:. Retrieved
7525:
7513:. Retrieved
7495:
7483:. Retrieved
7474:
7465:
7438:. Retrieved
7429:
7420:
7410:15 September
7408:. Retrieved
7404:the original
7394:
7382:. Retrieved
7368:
7356:. Retrieved
7352:the original
7347:
7338:
7326:. Retrieved
7311:
7299:. Retrieved
7295:the original
7290:
7281:
7269:. Retrieved
7260:
7250:
7238:. Retrieved
7234:the original
7224:
7209:
7197:. Retrieved
7188:
7178:
7166:. Retrieved
7157:
7147:
7138:
7129:
7117:. Retrieved
7108:
7098:
7086:. Retrieved
7077:
7068:
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7047:
7037:
7025:. Retrieved
7016:
7007:
6995:. Retrieved
6986:
6977:
6965:. Retrieved
6944:
6932:. Retrieved
6928:the original
6923:
6914:
6902:. Retrieved
6890:
6878:
6866:. Retrieved
6852:
6840:. Retrieved
6831:
6822:
6810:. Retrieved
6784:
6779:
6772:
6760:. Retrieved
6746:
6734:. Retrieved
6728:(in Dutch).
6725:
6716:
6705:the original
6692:
6680:. Retrieved
6671:(in Dutch).
6668:
6655:
6643:. Retrieved
6634:
6625:
6609:
6597:. Retrieved
6588:
6579:
6566:. Retrieved
6555:
6546:
6533:. Retrieved
6524:
6515:
6503:. Retrieved
6489:
6477:
6465:. Retrieved
6447:
6435:. Retrieved
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6369:
6360:
6348:. Retrieved
6339:
6329:
6317:. Retrieved
6303:
6291:. Retrieved
6282:
6273:
6183:Thraco-Roman
5896:
5893:Demographics
5861:Province of
5852:
5843:Ethnogenesis
5833:Transylvania
5812:
5807:haplogroup M
5799:haplogroup J
5794:haplogroup U
5790:haplogroup H
5786:haplogroup H
5778:
5756:to southern
5735:
5729:
5725:
5684:Haplogroup I
5668:Piatra Neamț
5649:
5626:
5620:
5591:
5582:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5539:
5519:
5479:Transylvania
5456:
5351:Transylvania
5308:
5276:Transylvania
5215:
5208:coat of arms
5150:
5133:
5117:
5101:
5085:
5069:
5053:
5035:
5013:
4997:
4981:
4957:
4941:
4929:
4923:
4916:
4778:Transylvania
4775:
4709:Strei Church
4672:
4661:
4646:
4627:vampire folk
4599:Simona Halep
4591:Ilie Năstase
4576:
4546:(sculptor),
4533:
4513:
4505:
4492:created the
4486:cell biology
4472:; biologist
4466:Victor Babeș
4458:Henri Coandă
4454:Aurel Vlaicu
4447:
4432:
4395:
4364:
4356:
4345:
4304:
4288:
4276: +1,000
4211:
4202:
4194:
4171:
4158:Timok Valley
4143:
4133:
4104:Ancient Rome
4099:
4095:
4089:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4007:
3996:
3957:
3949:
3947:
3921:
3911:
3895:
3884:
3880:Transnistria
3873:
3814:
3779:
3726:
3694:Victor Ponta
3663:
3604:
3568:Soviet Union
3564:
3546:through the
3534:
3502:
3482:
3459:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3395:
3357:
3327:through the
3306:
3291:
3231:
3176:
3163:
3157:
3152:transhumance
3117:Transylvania
3114:
3109:
3102:Ivan Asen II
3094:Asen dynasty
3087:
3060:
3056:Transylvania
3044:
3039:
3017:
3012:
3000:
2983:
2945:, a lord of
2915:Anna Komnene
2900:
2895:
2889:
2886:Ibn al-Nadīm
2881:
2868:A series of
2867:
2855:Transylvania
2828:
2804:
2782:
2777:
2723:
2718:
2697:
2687:
2667:Transylvania
2620:
2567:
2554:
2521:
2509:Moesia Prima
2493:Roman Empire
2482:
2447:
2429:
2409:Roman Empire
2374:
2369:Roman Empire
2304:
2281:
2255:. Sharing a
2230:
2206:
2205:
2086:Architecture
2039:
2038:
2022:
2021:
2005:
2004:
1974:
1913:
1813:Coat of arms
1625:Architecture
1440:
1413:World War II
1243:
1191:South Africa
513:
499:Timok Vlachs
111:
96:
83:
43:Ethnic group
40:
12843:Periods of
12827:profanities
12747:Linguistics
12622:Subdialects
12469:Circassians
12379:Macedonians
12271:(1,227,623)
11996:Immigration
11840:Agriculture
11659:Earthquakes
11597:World War I
11577:Middle Ages
11567:Roman Dacia
11312:11 December
10254:(1): 5412.
10208:Google Docs
10188:13 November
10018:21 November
9988:21 November
9866:13 November
9457:Hiperboreea
9358:1 September
9325:26 November
9242:14 February
9186:Soulis 1963
9134:Spinei 2009
8756:Proto Thema
8698:Spinei 2009
8674:Spinei 2009
8534:Spinei 2009
8099:30 December
7993:3 September
7897:3 September
7841:stat.gov.kz
7816:www.stat.kz
7710:28 December
7515:11 February
7485:13 November
7384:23 December
7301:13 November
7240:13 November
7027:14 February
6904:19 February
6868:25 February
6682:19 February
6613:As per the
6350:23 February
6293:13 November
5750:Scandinavia
5643:(WSHs) and
5544:"Romanians"
5347:Cluj County
5343:Cluj-Napoca
5291:Black eagle
5279:(including
5246:(including
5113:presbiterum
5049:christianus
5000:(regional:
4937:Domine Deus
4918:by Emperor
4828:, Wallachia
4810:Pentecostal
4619:Middle Ages
4615:Bram Stoker
4601:), rowing (
4564:Cristi Puiu
4556:Emil Cioran
4522:amphetamine
4514:Cybernetics
4502:cybernetics
4482:Emil Palade
4450:Traian Vuia
4443:engineering
4437:, culture,
4315:ancestries;
4025:Wallachians
4001:, a German
3961:, meaning "
3625:-supported
3607:Ion Iliescu
3580:Petru Groza
3576:Switzerland
3503:During the
3498:Netherlands
3486:Ferdinand I
3470:World War I
3449:) fought a
3387:Avram Iancu
3363:Romanticist
3075:Kievan Rus'
3054:regions of
2730:Mount Athos
2706:Comentiolus
2694:Haemus Mons
2623:Middle Ages
2621:During the
2355:Roman Dacia
2322:(native to
2294:(including
1786:Monasteries
1403:World War I
1383:Middle Ages
1373:Roman Dacia
1049:New Zealand
516:Switzerland
355:Netherlands
13094:Categories
12697:Gumuțeasca
12536:Pakistanis
12440:Krashovani
12410:Aromanians
12331:Bulgarians
12315:) (20,282)
12281:Ukrainians
12269:Hungarians
12138:Philosophy
12123:Literature
12006:Minorities
11991:Healthcare
11904:(currency)
11880:automotive
11794:Parliament
11755:Government
11709:Topography
11622:Since 1989
11617:Revolution
11458:. Hakkert.
11427:. Poznán.
11140:: 187–92.
10376:10062/1252
10048:25 January
9817:9 February
9787:9 February
9384:Ethnologue
9161:| p. 40-41
9038:Curta 2006
9026:Curta 2006
8813:Gyóni 1944
8404:21 January
8377:10 January
8238:Curta 2001
8226:Curta 2006
8205:Jones 1988
7786:HotNews.ro
7666:7 November
7430:Census.gov
7358:11 January
7328:31 January
7088:10 January
6669:HotNews.ro
6568:30 January
6535:5 February
6525:ons.gov.uk
6467:9 November
6283:Ziua Veche
6188:Daco-Roman
5899:Hungarians
5762:South Asia
5607:See also:
5585:April 2023
5555:newspapers
5522:references
5469:, and the
5459:Aromanians
5252:Bessarabia
5151:After the
5086:to baptise
4896:, Bukovina
4771:, Bukovina
4756:, Moldavia
4631:Vlad Țepeș
4609:winners).
4595:Ion Țiriac
4470:babesiosis
4387:Ukrainians
4379:Hungarians
4338:, western
4191:Hungarians
3898:Ethnologue
3825:substratum
3708:, being a
3500:combined.
3496:, and the
3325:Bessarabia
2995:, Emperor
2959:Kekaumenos
2951:Bulgarians
2939:Kekaumenos
2907:Kekaumenos
2863:Ocna Mureș
2829:After the
2766:Bulgarians
2647:Aromanians
2611:See also:
2577: 400
2564: 314
2537:, today's
2318:, and the
2312:Aromanians
2243:native to
2219:pronounced
2071:Literature
1737:Television
1649:Literature
1502:Characters
1458:Traditions
1428:Since 1989
1423:Revolution
1291:Aromanians
1265:Protestant
1132:Kazakhstan
594:Luxembourg
29:Aromanians
13026:Moldovans
13011:Romanians
12975:Substrata
12834:Phonology
12728:Aromanian
12679:Maramureș
12630:Wallachia
12524:Filipinos
12496:(177,000)
12385:Albanians
12373:Armenians
12277:(621,573)
12252:Romanians
12036:Romanians
12001:Languages
11986:Education
11950:Transport
11930:Squatting
11804:President
11772:Judiciary
11745:Elections
11689:Mountains
11632:Geography
11302:1222-4766
11214:: 39–61.
11162:163324047
11134:Britannia
10912:Boia 2001
10868:(1): 20.
10566:1553-7404
10523:13 August
10133:(1978) .
10115:8 January
9477:149983312
9274:8 October
9212:7 October
9014:Bóna 1994
8193:Hind 1984
8089:Digi24.ro
7600:17 August
7533:. INEGI.
7109:Ziare.com
6812:9 January
6505:15 August
5879:Macedonia
5867:Illyricum
5825:Wallachia
5820:East Asia
5680:Constanța
5652:Wallachia
5623:Thracians
5475:Maramureș
5300:Wallachia
5285:Maramureș
5161:Wallachia
5145:credentia
5037:Christian
5014:Christmas
4790:Bucharest
4675:or more.
4607:World Cup
4529:crude oil
4510:N. Wiener
4367:Armenians
4348:US Census
4300:Moldovans
4292:Argentina
4218:Aromanian
4207:Wallachia
4073:Romanians
4003:epic poem
3948:The name
3891:31 August
3860:Aromanian
3837:Aromanian
3794:Hungarian
3611:president
3513:Michael I
3445:Domnitor
3418:Wallachia
3331:of 1812.
3242:Wallachia
3215:Wallachia
3063:Pechenegs
2986:Byzantine
2805:archontes
2801:Byzantine
2789:Nikulitsa
2754:Menumorut
2669:, across
2589:Tetrarchy
2551:Constanța
2535:Black Sea
2401:Decebalus
2393:Burebista
2345:Antiquity
2284:Moldovans
2207:Romanians
2046:Australia
2034:Venezuela
2029:Argentina
1914:Romanians
1763:Monuments
1700:Composers
1635:Sculptors
1558:Festivals
1485:Mythology
1448:Languages
1287:Moldovans
1225:Languages
1029:Australia
923:Argentina
903:Venezuela
128:Moldovans
47:Romanians
13078:Category
13021:diaspora
12798:Former:
12702:Totoiana
12652:Bukovina
12647:Moldavia
12554:Mexicans
12542:Iranians
12530:Africans
12446:Slovenes
12434:Székelys
12412:(26,500)
12355:Italians
12327:(13,654)
12321:(18,076)
12301:(23,487)
12299:Lipovans
12295:(27,698)
12289:(36,042)
12283:(50,920)
12183:Category
12113:Folklore
12031:Religion
12026:Refugees
11925:Services
11875:Industry
11865:Forestry
11782:Military
11723:Politics
11654:Counties
11545:Timeline
11516:articles
11439:Archived
11306:Archived
11216:Archived
11193:30 April
11187:Archived
11114:Archived
11110:Budapest
11102:Századok
11060:(2006).
11042:Archived
11024:(2001).
10982:(2001).
10894:28270115
10843:24885208
10792:17351267
10750:20736979
10685:19888303
10634:24667786
10584:22927824
10517:Archived
10494:23341985
10454:PLOS ONE
10435:26332464
10395:PLOS ONE
10357:22848614
10317:PLOS ONE
10286:30931994
10213:27 March
10182:Archived
10157:27 April
10151:Archived
10042:Archived
10012:Archived
9982:Archived
9958:12 April
9952:Archived
9921:Archived
9917:Prometej
9896:4 August
9890:Archived
9811:Archived
9781:Archived
9749:Archived
9654:Archived
9630:Archived
9606:Archived
9564:Archived
9522:Archived
9481:Archived
9409:Archived
9401:, 1998;
9376:Archived
9352:Archived
9314:Agerpres
9293:Archived
9268:Archived
9236:Archived
9206:Archived
9089:Archived
8993:Archived
8954:Archived
8892:Archived
8832:Archived
8785:Archived
8761:Archived
8641:13 April
8635:Archived
8584:Archived
8494:Archived
8443:18 March
8437:Archived
8398:Archived
8152:Archived
8140:Archived
8093:Archived
8057:Archived
8025:Archived
7987:Archived
7973:ABC-CLIO
7965:(2011).
7938:Archived
7891:Archived
7869:(1996).
7845:Archived
7790:Archived
7759:Archived
7736:11 April
7660:Archived
7631:11 April
7625:Archived
7568:Archived
7541:16 March
7535:Archived
7509:Archived
7479:Archived
7440:2 August
7434:Archived
7378:Archived
7322:Archived
7265:Archived
7193:Archived
7168:24 March
7162:Archived
7113:Archived
7082:Archived
7052:Archived
7021:Archived
6991:Archived
6958:Archived
6934:11 April
6895:Archived
6893:. 2016.
6862:Archived
6836:Archived
6803:Archived
6756:Archived
6730:Archived
6673:Archived
6639:Archived
6635:Statista
6599:11 April
6593:Archived
6562:Archived
6557:Adevarul
6529:Archived
6496:Archived
6461:Archived
6431:Archived
6405:Archived
6379:Archived
6344:Archived
6313:Archived
6287:Archived
6198:Morlachs
6193:Brodnici
6060:See also
5829:Moldavia
5708:Starcevo
5664:Moldavia
5656:Ploiești
5637:Bulgaria
5501:Genetics
5359:Mărțișor
5248:Bukovina
5243:Moldavia
5165:Moldavia
5139:credință
5097:batizare
5091:a boteza
5081:peccatum
4953:basilica
4947:biserică
4931:Dumnezeu
4794:Moldavia
4786:Bukovina
4637:Religion
4526:refining
4439:sciences
4176:" is an
3950:Romanian
3922:Romanian
3902:Romanian
3759:Language
3749:Eurozone
3731:and the
3578:, while
3509:Carol II
3432:de facto
3427:Domnitor
3414:Moldavia
3321:Bukovina
3238:Moldavia
3203:Thessaly
3183:Thessaly
3141:Muntenia
3125:Muntenia
3069:and the
2990:Pecheneg
2965:and the
2955:Thessaly
2935:Kastoria
2809:Basil II
2797:Basil II
2719:Romanian
2683:Morlachs
2679:Volhynia
2631:Germanic
2566:and the
2547:Bulgaria
2533:and the
2505:Sucidava
2436:Aurelian
2425:Domitian
2413:two wars
2261:ancestry
2235:) are a
2226:; dated
2211:Romanian
2156:Romanian
2149:Language
2066:Religion
1970:Diaspora
1906:a series
1904:Part of
1662:Examples
1630:Painters
1580:Religion
1539:Desserts
1489:folklore
1351:Timeline
1312:a series
1310:Part of
1237:Religion
1231:Romanian
950:Colombia
737:Bulgaria
637:Slovakia
375:Portugal
12926:Junimea
12769:numbers
12754:Grammar
12674:Crișana
12642:Dobruja
12635:Oltenia
12520:(1,000)
12518:Indians
12514:(2,243)
12512:Chinese
12508:(2,384)
12506:Afghans
12502:(5,000)
12422:Csángós
12416:Hutsuls
12381:(1,264)
12375:(1,361)
12369:(2,477)
12363:(2,543)
12357:(3,203)
12351:(3,271)
12345:(3,668)
12339:(5,408)
12333:(7,336)
12325:Slovaks
12287:Germans
12198:Commons
12167:Outline
12096:Cuisine
12076:Academy
12068:Culture
12058:Welfare
12041:Gypsies
11964:Society
11945:Tourism
11850:Exports
11828:Economy
11679:Islands
11649:Climate
11592:Kingdom
11550:ancient
11537:History
11512:Romania
11445:29 June
11222:29 June
11123:29 June
11048:9 April
10885:5341396
10834:4050216
10741:3039512
10676:2987245
10625:4266736
10575:3426559
10485:3547065
10462:Bibcode
10426:4558026
10403:Bibcode
10348:3404992
10325:Bibcode
10277:6443937
10256:Bibcode
9927:3 April
9733:romanus
9663:18 June
9487:6 March
9405:, 2002"
9095:9 April
8999:9 April
8767:9 April
8590:9 April
8063:1 March
7944:10 July
7765:28 June
7271:9 March
7199:8 April
7078:Czso.cz
6619:data-ro
6411:17 July
5875:Thracia
5855:Dacians
5837:Dobruja
5758:Siberia
5746:Eurasia
5740:, is a
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