1760:
4845:
1608:
5039:
1878:
1953:
1867:
2745:
4995:
4754:
1420:
2665:
1361:
1377:
1584:
4794:
4869:
2649:
1748:
4881:
1652:
1596:
4766:
4925:
4670:
1329:
4952:
4975:
1620:
1341:
1843:
4913:
4730:
1780:
4117:
4682:
1400:
59:
4742:
2498:
2387:
1054:
2519:
113:
49:
4404:
4426:
4901:
4706:
2561:
1807:
598:
5015:
2729:
4718:
4857:
2713:
2681:
2411:
151:
2617:
1632:
4132:
4102:
136:
97:
4778:
4830:
4492:
2030:
1135:
4694:
2697:
471:
4191:
4087:
166:
4175:
5080:
2477:
2540:
5066:
487:
2456:
2435:
841:
4562:
2633:
1171:
1671:
other previously
Austrian-ruled Romanian historical regions (and the previously Russian-ruled historical region of Bessarabia) also voted for the union of their respective regions with the Kingdom of Romania from a wide variety of reasons. One of the most important reason was that the Romanian monarchy was also German in origin, being a branch of the
5672:: "Die Siedler in den ursprĆ¼nglichen Bergwerksgemeinden im SĆ¼dwesten der Bukowina sprachen Zipserisch und zwar GrĆ¼ndlerisch, wie es in der Unterzips gesprochen wurde. Dabei wurde im Anlaut wie ausgesprochen: Werke ā berka, weh ā be, Schwester ā schbesta. Anlautendes wurde zu : Brot ā prot, BrĆ¼cke ā prik."
617:, Romania expanded its territory from the pre-war 137,000 km (53,000 sq mi) to 295,049 km (113,919 sq mi)), the Germans of Romania are generally divided into the following independent sub-groups in an attempt to better understand their language, culture, customs, and history:
4159:
22,900 Germans still left in
Romania, a notable decrease from the latest census of 2011. In addition, 0.10 of all Romanian citizens reported German as their first/native language (or 15,943 people), therefore making it one of the least spoken native languages (and also of any ethnic minority overall)
1995:
Furthermore, the bilateral political and cultural relationships between postā1989 Romania and the unified
Federal Republic of Germany have seen a continuous positive evolution since the signing of a friendship treaty between the two countries in 1992. Additionally, on the occasion of the election of
1991:
are respected and regarded by many of their fellow ethnic
Romanian countrymen as a hard-working, thorough, and practical community which contributed in many positive regards to the local culture and history of, most notably, Transylvania, Banat, and Bukovina, where the largest German-speaking groups
1924:
Furthermore, during the 1970s and 1980s, tens of thousands of other
Romanian-Germans were 'bought back' by the West German government under a program to reunite families - and following the collapse of Nicolae CeauČescu's regime in December 1989, around 200,000 Germans left their homes in Romania.
1670:
As the Modern Age came to an end, gradually so did the privileged class status of the Saxons in
Transylvania which eventually drew them closer to Romania and voting the declaration of union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania in the wake of World War I in 1918. Other groups of Germans from
2601:, solely for the short period between 1941 and 1944. It is also important to note the fact that the Germans constituted the second most numerous ethnic group in Romania at that time, after the Romanians, accounting for 4.01% (in April) respectively 3.53% (in December) of the total population.
1921:) after the end of World War II. As communism paved its way in Romania, most of the remaining Bukovina Germans decided to gradually leave the country for West Germany up until 1989 (and even beyond), as it was the case of the entire German community of the country for that matter.
1419:
1866:
1651:
4793:
1303:), or the equivalent of the administrative title of medieval mayor in these communities. Nonetheless, along with the passing of time, the Saxons were assimilated in the larger Romanian communities of Romanians, both of the Wallchians and Moldavians.
1093:
In these lands, they lived together with the
Romanian ethnic majority as well as with the Hungarians (who formed a significant minority). Eventually, they also sporadically rebelled against the Hungarian rulership, most notably in the proximity of
4844:
4753:
4445:
which was initially led by
Richard Csaki. The league was in charge of organizing post-university summer courses, sending books, and providing teaching material through various lecturers in the settlements inhabited by ethnic Germans.
518:
The
Germans of Romania (or Romanian-Germans) are not a single, unitary, homogeneous group, but rather a series of various regional sub-groups, each with their different culture, traditions, folklore, dialect or dialects, and history.
1607:
445:
Following the decreasing trend of the overall population of
Romania, the German community of the country is expected to continue shrinking in numbers as well, as it has already been officially reported by the partial results of the
4765:
2010:" Last but not least, there is a profound friendship bounding the Romanians and the Germans, thanks mainly to the centuries-long cohabitation between the Romanians, Saxons, and Swabians in Transylvania, Banat, and Bukovina."
1360:
1759:
1376:
1933:). Overall, regarding the many Germans which were bought per capita by the West German government, the communist Romanian state was quite greedy in requesting more German marks for them, as in the words of former
1842:
1747:
1595:
1471:
settled the aforementioned Romanian historical regions, mainly for economic and socio-demographic reasons. In Transylvania, other groups of Transylvanian Saxons settled there along with expelled Protestants from
5786:
4210:, the German minority in unified Romania had been represented by a number of political parties which gradually gained parliamentary presence during the early to mid-early 20th century, more specifically the
522:
This claim stems from the fact that various German-speaking populations had previously arrived in the territory of present-day Romania in different waves or stages of settlement, initially starting with the
5375:
1030:, more specifically in south-eastern, southern, and north-eastern Transylvania. These Transylvanian Saxons are very tied with their initial origin which stems from Western Europe, more specifically from
1065:
Subsequently, as the Teutonic Knights left Transylvania (forced by the Hungarian rulership), the Transylvanian Saxon colonists remained and were given more rights through local autonomies, according to
4503:
is the oldest German-language school from Romania (recorded as early as the 14th century), being also classified as a historical monument. It was subsequently renamed this way in reference to baron
1215:
and contributed to the establishment of the first major urban centres and capitals of these two Romanian medieval principalities. Noteworthy towns and medieval capitals co-founded by Saxons include
6016:
4951:
4924:
5038:
4912:
1340:
1577:. These settlers were requested by the then imperial Russian authorities in order to develop the agriculture of the land and boost the region's economy as well as to instill urbanisation.
1710:
2593:, the initial number of all ethnic Germans in Romania amounted to as much as 542,325. Subsequently, however, in December 1941, after Romania created, incorporated, and administered the
999:) during the late 12th century. The main tasks of these settlers was to develop the areas of Transylvania where they settled as well as to defend them, and, implicitly, the rest of the
4458:
2098:(where approximately 3% of the words in the Romanian lexis are of German origin, mainly stemming from the influence of the Transylvanian Saxons and, later on, that of Austrians);
4994:
4534:
In BraČov/Kronstadt, the German-language school is the Johannes Honterus National College, named after the renowned great 16th century Transylvanian Saxon scholar and humanist
7998:
4880:
7538:
1328:
7352:
7335:
1399:
7559:
1619:
831:
459:
4415:
are denoted in light blue dashes on this map and correspond to the historical regions of Banat, Transylvania, and Bukovina (all of them situated in Central Europe or
1806:
4384:
266:
1925:
During communist times, there have been several significant German-speaking opposition groups to the Romanian communist state, among which most notably there was
6091:
1779:
6342:
4238:(the latter two having a national socialist political orientation after 1930). In stark contrast to the political mutation of both aforementioned parties, the
1718:
1692:
1631:
4974:
7775:
474:
A physical map depicting Romania and the neighbouring countries. Most of the Germans of Romania and their constituent sub-groups initially settled along the
6361:
1583:
1443:
During the Modern Age, other groups of Germans commenced to arrive and settle parts of contemporary Romania, more specifically in the historical regions of
7831:
5959:
1872:
The geographical extent of the German language, also highlighting German-speaking minority communities in central, south-western, and north-western Romania
1306:
Back in Transylvania, they managed to thoroughly fortify their villages and towns. In bygone times, there used to be as many as 300 (or approximately 300)
4741:
7855:
7819:
7417:
4868:
4239:
7792:
6726:
6116:
6412:
4669:
613:
Therefore, given their rather complex geographic background and the fact that major border changes took place in the region throughout history (after
7877:
7809:
7797:
8015:
5124:
4301:
2073:
1730:
1307:
8051:
6172:
6146:
2156:
6017:"AUDIO Povestea deportÄrii etnicilor germani din RomĆ¢nia, prin ochii Katarinei Meitert. "NemČii", primele victime ale "salvatorilor" sovietici"
5173:
4571:
4771:
Traditional areas of settlement for the Saxons and Swabians in Transylvania and Banat, Kingdom of Romania (at the round of the 20th century)
8087:
5183:
4461:. The Deutsche Schule Bukarest serves Kinderkrippe (nursery), Kindergarten, Grundschule (elementary school), and Gymnasium (high school).
1929:, a literary society constituted in Banat by intellectual representatives of the local Swabian community (including, most notably, writer
686:ā once with a sizable or overwhelming demographic presence in all urban centres from the historical region of Bukovina (more specifically
7611:
6340:"Lexikale EinflĆ¼sse im RumƤnischen aus dem ƶsterreichischen Deutsch" ("Lexical influences of 'Austrian'-German on the Romanian Language")
5402:
4900:
2609:
The data displayed in the table below highlights notable settlements (of at least 1%) of the German minority in Romania according to the
2065:
The German community in Romania has been actively and consistently contributing to the culture of the country. Notable examples include:
1722:
5014:
8082:
5129:
4729:
2610:
490:
Topographic map of Romania, highlighting the three most important areas of settlement of the Romanian-German community: Transylvania (
5104:
4579:) is the daily German-language newspaper in contemporary Romania. To this day, it is the only German-language newspaper published in
4759:
Distribution of ethnic Germans in Central and Eastern Europe in 1925, also highlighting German settlements in the Kingdom of Romania
64:
8077:
4681:
1941:
1913:
In addition, the once influential Bukovina German community also drastically dwindled in numbers, primarily as of the cause of the
624:ā the largest and oldest German community in the territory of modern-day Romania (often simply equated with all Romanian-Germans);
844:
The regions of origin from which the initial waves of Transylvanian Saxons stemmed (the dotted line represents the border of the
1601:
Ethnic Germans living in Austria-Hungary and neighbouring countries (marked in pink), as per the Austro-Hungarian census of 1880
8092:
6719:
5134:
4500:
4363:), between January and November of the same year, with only one seat occupied by member and current deputy Ovidiu Victor GanČ.
4258:
4169:
1877:
4340:, was formerly chairman of the FDGR and mayor of Sibiu and subsequently was elected President on the National Liberal ticket.
968:, meaning seven cities/citadels, i.e. from the seven fortified medieval cities/citadels which they founded) at the request of
7729:
6327:
6101:
5935:
5376:"RecensÄmĆ¢nt 2022. RomĆ¢nia are 19.053.815 locuitori. Čara noastrÄ a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori faČÄ de acum 10 ani"
4705:
1753:
Germans in Transylvania in 1918 (the Saxons are marked with green-coloured text whereas the Swabians with cyan-coloured text)
1713:
actively supported Nazi Germany. Subsequently, huge numbers of both Transylvanian Saxons and Banat Swabians (ranging between
5196:
7967:
7523:
7069:* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.
1983:
Eventually, although the German minority in Romania has dwindled in numbers to a considerable extent since the fall of the
1709:
in order to create an ethnic balance in the latter administrative unit. Before and during World War II, their organization
5463:
4717:
2744:
7972:
7573:
7532:
6545:
4856:
4286:
2361:
The demographic evolution of the German population in Romania during the 20th and early 21st century by ethnic sub-group
8072:
5518:
4235:
1952:
6187:
4693:
7942:
7694:
7242:
7100:
6712:
6339:
4250:, all of the political parties representing the German minority in Romania were either disbanded or ceased to exist.
5586:"The 16th session of the Romanian-German Joint Governmental Commission on the problems of German ethnics in Romania"
5163:
4777:
4542:
6756:
4352:
4297:
4278:
1019:. Later on, the Transylvanian Saxons further fortified both their rural and urban settlements against the invading
5990:
4829:
6239:
5836:"FortificaÅ£ia medievalÄ de pÄmĆ¢nt din comuna VurpÄr, jud. Sibiu / Mittelalteriche Erdburg von VurpÄr, jud. Sibiu"
4063:
Below is represented the notable German minority population (of at least 1%) for some counties, according to the
2664:
5967:
4612:
2136:
In the time of Romania's transition from a middle-sized principality to a larger kingdom, members of the German
7937:
6844:
6387:
Hannelore Baier and Martin Bottesch (2007), "Geschichte und Traditionen der deutschen Minderheit in RumƤnien",
4231:
2350:
1909:
period in Bukovina, a historical landmark which is also part of the Bukovina German legacy of the entire region
1367:
835:
5489:
3762:
3751:
7762:
7642:
7543:
7182:
5139:
5099:
5094:
4282:
4215:
2597:, the total number of ethnic Germans increased to 674,307, most notably along with the then newly registered
1882:
411:
221:
6213:
1310:. Now their number is close to half, but among these there are many very well preserved ones which are both
6423:
5144:
1917:
population transfer, leaving only several thousands of ethnic Germans in southern Bukovina (or present-day
439:
6265:
4595:
2648:
1090:
in the early 13th century. Their autonomous lands were later known as the 'Royal Lands' or 'Saxon Lands'.
730:
is one of the Romanian counties with some of the most significant amount of ethnic Germans in the country;
5119:
5114:
1729:, as a war compensation to the Soviets, despite the diplomatic efforts of Transylvanian Saxon politician
1107:
744:), but also with a smaller presence in southern and south-western Bukovina beginning in the 18th century;
211:
6315:
6117:
Ziarul RomĆ¢nesc.de | Klaus Iohannis: Ā«Germanii din RomĆ¢nia sunt apreciaČi Či respectaČi de toČi romĆ¢niiĀ»
5873:
4628:
1613:
Ethnic Germans living in the former Kingdom of Hungary and other formerly Austrian-ruled regions in 1890
7719:
7400:
4473:
2085:
825:
7591:
7199:
6683:
6635:
6362:""Čmecher", "fraier" Či "miČto". Cum au apÄrut Ć®n limba romĆ¢nÄ Či ce Ć®nsemnau iniČial aceste cuvinte"
6065:
4850:
2014 Moldovan stamp commemorating 200 years since the arrival of the Bessarabia Germans in Bessarabia
4646:
and airs quite regularly. It celebrated its 50th anniversary in December 2019. The show is dubbed in
3913:
1930:
1734:
341:
6770:
6735:
6568:
6513:
6042:
5742:
5149:
4800:
4454:
2594:
2144:
1741:. Survivors of both groups generally returned, but had often lost their properties in the process.
1676:
270:
1026:
Slowly but steadily, the Saxon colonists managed to build solid and prosperous communities in the
707:
7843:
7405:
7055:
6131:
Ministerul Afacerilor Externe - 25 de ani de la semnarea tratatului de prietenie RomĆ¢nia-Germania
4624:
4585:
4484:
poet. Nowadays, the Nikolaus Lenau High School is considered the most important of its kind from
2346:
2123:
The collections of Ottoman rugs kept in Transylvania inside several fortified churches (known as
1997:
1393:), one of the most important and imposing Evangelical Lutheran fortified churches in Transylvania
4120:
4050:
3870:
3816:
3582:
3474:
2932:
2806:
1061:, with Transylvanian Saxons depicted in red-burgundy to the east of the former Hungarian kingdom
7463:
7298:
7285:
6981:
6964:
6874:
5835:
4918:
A group of Banat Swabians in 1940, celebrating 'Kirchweih' (or 'Kerwei' in their local dialect)
4227:
4219:
2459:
1658:
656:
627:
614:
6410:
6401:
Official data collected from various Romanian censuses during the 20th and early 21st century.
4616:
2813:
2104:(the first letter written in Romanian was addressed to the former early 16th century mayor of
810:); Subsequently, these settlers came to be known as 'FranƧais du Banat' (i.e. 'Banat French').
7993:
7473:
7468:
7448:
7093:
6905:
6897:
6826:
6776:
6764:
5558:. They were colonized between 1712 and 1815. Their most important settlements are Satu Mare (
4611:). Previously, in the passing of time, other historical German-language newspapers included:
4504:
4223:
2501:
2137:
2069:
1987:, the few but well organised Romanian-Germans who decided to remain in the country after the
1934:
1857:
1672:
1489:
1433:, northeastern Romania built by the Transylvanian Saxon community during the High Middle Ages
1252:
396:
235:
5517:
Hans Georg Franchy; Horst Gƶbbel; Heide Wellmann; Annemarie Wagner; Werner Reschner (2010).
5516:
1657:
Detailed map depicting the main areas of settlement of the Bessarabia Germans in the former
972:
7586:
7280:
6989:
6880:
6868:
5410:
5341:
5159:
5109:
4333:
4293:
4152:
4064:
2590:
2390:
2378:
2326:
2313:
2001:
1977:
1706:
1500:
1204:
1087:
929:
621:
609:, two historical regions situated in central, respectively southwestern present-day Romania
571:
536:
475:
447:
435:
427:
82:
6514:"RelaČiile culturale dintre grupurile de germani din RomĆ¢nia Ć®n primul deceniu interbelic"
6486:
5787:"De l'Ouest Ć l'Est et de l'Est Ć l'Ouest: les avatars identitaires des FranƧais du Banat"
5555:
5167:
2339:
Starting with the 1930 figures, the reference is to all German-speaking groups in Romania.
2148:
8:
7962:
7677:
7488:
7453:
7037:
6850:
5683:
4348:
4254:
2831:
2101:
1988:
1926:
1315:
1141:
1043:
482:), a mountain range which stretches from the north-east to the south-west of the country.
356:
274:
7836:
7802:
5813:
5550:(1978), page 42: "The Satu Mare Swabians are true Swabians, their place of origin being
5519:"Wir Nƶsner, BeitrƤge zur Geschichte und Kultur der Stadt Bistritz und des Nƶsnerlandes"
5154:
4943:
3337:
3042:
2088:
as well as several medieval town centers with local markets, all of them highly popular
1969:
7988:
7957:
7947:
7741:
7704:
7662:
7478:
7422:
7357:
7308:
7263:
7258:
7230:
7194:
7007:
6820:
5178:
4412:
4116:
3391:
2564:
2480:
2160:
2124:
2089:
2024:
2020:
1738:
1523:
1319:
1058:
1000:
976:
949:
917:
908:, the first waves of ethnic Germans on the territory of modern Romania came during the
771:
757:
675:
532:
388:
346:
336:
331:
303:
200:
7623:
4441:
In 1922, all political representatives of the German community in Romania founded the
4407:
Detailed map depicting the scripts in Europe in 1901. The Germans in Romania used the
3715:
3301:
2034:
418:
800,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939, just on the verge of
7736:
7672:
7652:
7647:
7596:
7581:
7528:
7500:
7483:
7427:
7367:
7362:
7268:
6923:
6886:
6862:
6838:
6832:
6800:
6323:
6166:
6097:
5931:
5644:
5640:
5450:
5282:
5241:
5207:
Archiving family memories and dreams ā stories about the German minorities in Romania
5200:
4804:
4655:
4270:
2598:
2095:
2046:
1894:
1821:
1785:
1638:
1562:
1504:
1459:
were on the rise and continuously expanding their domains eastward, larger groups of
1456:
1296:
1119:
1079:
1067:
992:
941:
845:
719:
575:
564:
556:
552:
380:
351:
196:
5206:
928:. The first major German group to arrive and settle in what is now Romania were the
7952:
7932:
7910:
7814:
7724:
7709:
7699:
7682:
7637:
7629:
7601:
7505:
7458:
7443:
7377:
7345:
7318:
7313:
7223:
7086:
7043:
6995:
6856:
6814:
6788:
6612:
5847:
5717:
5611:
5289:
5275:
5251:
5210:
4639:
4620:
4090:
3888:
3240:
3204:
3024:
2896:
2878:
2860:
2842:
2824:
2543:
2414:
2077:
1947:
1569:), a constituent historical region of Bessarabia situated in its south towards the
1543:
1460:
1224:
909:
881:
864:
795:
751:
683:
601:
Detailed map depicting the traditional settlement areas of the Romanian-Germans in
524:
306:
128:
4014:
3852:
3834:
3744:
3726:
3456:
3438:
3420:
3348:
3186:
3168:
124:
7770:
7667:
7657:
7618:
7290:
7204:
7187:
7160:
7001:
6661:
6549:
6346:
5567:
5559:
5265:
5255:
5214:
5045:
5025:
5001:
4981:
4958:
4935:
4887:
4812:
4647:
4604:
4546:
4535:
4511:
cultural centre based in Bucharest as well as five Deutsche Kultzertrum based in
4508:
4465:
4430:
4388:
4372:
4356:
4325:
4313:
4305:
4277:) has been the political party representing the interests of Germans through the
4262:
4222:(which, under Rudolf Brandsch, briefly formed an electoral alliance known as the
4195:
4179:
3787:
3679:
3571:
2752:
2733:
2717:
2701:
2685:
2669:
2653:
2637:
2621:
2497:
2386:
2113:
2081:
2054:
2038:
1961:
1886:
1849:
1829:
1813:
1793:
1789:
1766:
1625:
Germans in Bukovina (i.e. Bukovina Germans) according to the 1890 Austrian census
1520:
1512:
1426:
1406:
1386:
1347:
1284:
1260:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1189:
1184:), a traditional Transylvanian Saxon village pertaining to the larger commune of
1177:
1157:
1145:
1099:
1071:
1053:
1027:
984:
969:
961:
933:
791:
662:
641:
583:
507:
499:
491:
479:
372:
311:
258:
231:
190:
185:
32:
5898:
4476:
was founded during the late 19th century. It was named this way in reference to
4105:
4032:
3798:
3672:
3618:
3600:
3564:
3535:
3492:
3384:
3366:
3312:
3294:
3276:
3258:
3222:
3150:
3078:
3060:
3031:
2988:
2760:
1957:
1702:
1334:
The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons and of their seven seats
1275:
as well, in which the local administration had operated for some time under the
1268:
1236:
1185:
741:
699:
143:
7410:
7395:
7372:
7328:
7294:
7235:
7132:
6804:
5328:
5085:
5071:
5021:
4580:
4477:
4425:
4344:
4337:
3924:
2970:
2518:
2438:
2005:
1973:
1918:
1914:
1554:
1468:
1464:
1220:
1020:
957:
885:
733:
727:
711:
691:
652:
637:
321:
226:
158:
112:
6606:
6542:
6389:
Lehrbuch fĆ¼r die 6. und 7. Klasse der Schulen mit deutscher Unterrichtssprache
5551:
4304:(PNČCD), most notably at local administrative level, in cities such as Sibiu (
3823:
1557:, larger numbers of German settlers established colonies in preponderantly in
1057:
German-language map depicting areas colonised by ethnic Germans in the former
63:
Map depicting the distribution of ethnic Germans in Romania (according to the
58:
48:
8066:
7865:
7748:
7340:
7323:
7302:
7148:
7025:
7013:
6947:
6411:
Ilarion Čiu; Ovidiu NÄftÄnilÄ; Andrei Florin Sora; Otilia Craioveanu (2002).
5925:
5721:
5707:
4966:
4747:
13th century map of the Kingdom of Hungary highlighting Saxon-populated areas
4376:
4211:
3049:
2728:
2560:
2522:
1535:
1481:
1473:
1276:
1047:
803:
775:
747:
631:
316:
242:
216:
6093:
Romania since the Second World War: A Political, Social and Economic History
5851:
5681:
5670:
Lexikalische Besonderheiten Deutscher Dialekte in Galizien- und der Bukowina
4296:, cooperating in the process with the main parties of the centre-right, the
4131:
4101:
3985:
3967:
3805:
3607:
3553:
2712:
2680:
1292:
597:
414:, the total number of ethnic Germans in this country amounted to as much as
135:
7714:
7216:
6917:
6704:
6266:"Top Five Transylvanian Saxon Fortified Cities You Should Visit In Romania"
5658:Š¢ŠµŃŠ½Š¾ŠæŃŠ»ŃŃŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ Š½Š°ŃŃŠ¾Š½Š°Š»ŃŠ½ŠøŠ¹ ŠæŠµŠ“Š°Š³Š¾Š³ŃŃŠ½ŠøŠ¹ ŃŠ½ŃŠ²ŠµŃŃŠøŃŠµŃ ŃŠ¼. ŠŠ¾Š»Š¾Š“ŠøŠ¼ŠøŃŠ° ŠŠ½Š°ŃŃŠŗŠ°
4417:
4403:
4247:
4243:
4135:
3996:
3978:
3960:
3942:
3906:
3697:
3690:
3654:
3636:
3546:
3528:
3510:
3402:
3175:
3006:
2950:
2914:
2616:
2410:
1984:
1906:
1726:
1485:
1452:
1153:
913:
799:
703:
602:
560:
528:
419:
150:
120:
116:
6970:
4524:
3589:
2957:
1256:
1003:, from the invading incursions of the migratory Asian peoples such as the
96:
8044:
7492:
4520:
4481:
4380:
4207:
3780:
3708:
3643:
3463:
3330:
3132:
3114:
3103:
3096:
2029:
1937:
465:
262:
6929:
5344:
community, at least in religious terms, being also Evangelical Lutheran.
4163:
3499:
3427:
2768:
German minority population by settlement (Source: 2011 Romanian census)
2696:
2108:, Johannes Benkner, and the first Romanian-language book was printed in
1637:
Detailed map depicting the colonies of the Dobrujan Germans in Dobruja (
1455:. As the Kingdom of Hungary became weakened by the Ottoman wars and the
1366:
Map depicting the Transylvanian Saxon lands which later constituted the
1134:
634:, contemporary Austria to southern Transylvania during the 18th century;
470:
7848:
7031:
6935:
6592:
4931:
4190:
4086:
3661:
1550:
1031:
920:) and then to the neighbouring and emerging medieval principalities of
889:
884:
presence on the territory of present-day Romania can be traced back to
765:
715:
548:
404:
7785:
7209:
6188:"The History Of The Medieval Saxon Fortified Churches In Transylvania"
5767:
5709:
5583:
4495:
The Johannes Honterus National College in BraČov/Kronstadt (July 2022)
4039:
3625:
3319:
3193:
3121:
2613:. Note that some particular figures might represent a rough estimate.
1046:, is a strong testimony to this as it reflects many similarities with
7606:
7139:
7019:
6747:
4632:
4491:
4450:
4321:
4174:
3877:
3355:
2795:
2763:, example of a typical rural fortified Transylvanian Saxon settlement
2476:
1574:
1208:
1008:
925:
901:
872:
544:
291:
169:
165:
6580:
4516:
4021:
3733:
3517:
3265:
2127:) are associated with the Transylvanian Saxon Evangelical Lutherans.
2105:
1413:), a noteworthy example of a well fortified Transylvanian Saxon town
7870:
7860:
7049:
6941:
6794:
6386:
5585:
4836:
4343:
Until 1 January 2007 (i.e. the date of accession of Romania to the
3949:
3139:
3067:
1527:
1444:
1430:
1212:
921:
854:
807:
787:
540:
326:
154:
6465:
The official website of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
5447:
Bevƶlkerungsbilanzen fĆ¼r die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50
4194:
The Schuller house, the seat of the FDGR/DFDR situated in MediaČ (
3859:
3769:
3247:
2849:
2539:
1308:
villages with fortified churches built by the Transylvanian Saxons
737:
630:ā expelled Protestants (Evangelical Lutherans) from the region of
453:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7882:
7109:
6911:
6611:
Akzente, the public TV show of the German minority in Romania on
5449:. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt ā Wiesbaden. - Stuttgart:
3841:
3481:
2995:
2977:
2867:
2748:
2152:
1902:
1539:
1531:
1477:
1382:
1272:
1039:
1012:
893:
868:
687:
591:
400:
287:
100:
7892:
7078:
5743:"Perjamosch, Banat: List of Families Connected to Hubert Family"
4512:
2939:
2455:
2434:
1948:
Recent developments (late 20th century and 21st century onwards)
1271:. Here they brought urbanisation and German laws as they did in
486:
8008:
8003:
7780:
7687:
6808:
6130:
5643:
in 1936 to commemorate 150 years since the Zipsers migrated to
4820:
4507:, a Transylvanian Saxon aristocrat. Additionally, there is one
4178:
The Lutsch house, the seat of the FDGR/DFDR situated in Sibiu (
4003:
3931:
3283:
3211:
3157:
3085:
2903:
2885:
2141:
2061:), a representative landmark of the German community in Romania
1680:
1570:
1558:
1311:
1016:
1004:
905:
783:
761:
4411:
script. Areas where the Fraktur script was used in the former
840:
7824:
5833:
4600:
4590:
4528:
4485:
3895:
3445:
3409:
3373:
3229:
3013:
2921:
2604:
2109:
1737:
forcibly relocated many from near the Yugoslav border to the
1448:
1280:
1095:
1035:
897:
779:
695:
606:
594:
and then gradually in other areas of Moldavia and Wallachia.
139:
6147:"Mesajul lui Iohannis pentru preČedintele ales al Germaniei"
5960:"ÅedinÅ£a Camerei DeputaÅ£ilor din 1 aprilie 2003, stenogramÄ"
4906:
Bessarabia German peasant with the plow on the field in 1940
4823:, initially populated by Bessarabian Germans (up until 1940)
2632:
2355:
760:, Romanian citizens for the period 1918ā1940, indigenous to
8020:
7887:
6306:, ed. Dimitrie Macrea (Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1958).
4561:
1216:
1170:
1115:
5232:
The settlement of the Transylvanian Saxons in Transylvania
2131:
1589:
Geographic distribution of Germans in Transylvania in 1850
832:
History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe
460:
History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe
5464:"Romania's ethnic Germans get their day in the spotlight"
4957:
The ruins of the Evangelical Lutheran church of Malcoci (
4583:. Regional German-language publications also include the
819:
422:), a figure which has subsequently drastically fallen to
6289:
Dimitrie Macrea, "Originea Či structura limbii romĆ¢ne",
1686:
267:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania
6460:
5957:
5927:
Akten um die Deutsche Volksgruppe in RumƤnien 1937-1945
5490:"The German Minority in Romania: a Historical Overview"
5285:, Transylvanian Saxon writer and collector of folktales
4642:, the show of the German minority in Romania is called
6607:"Aniversarea de 50 de ani a emisiunii Akzente (@TVR1)"
5708:
Remus Creţan, David Turnock and Jaco Woudstra (2008).
4565:
Logo of Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung fĆ¼r RumƤnien (ADZ)
1693:
Deportation of Germans from Romania after World War II
5768:"The French in Banat: Story on Tomnatic/Triebswetter"
5710:"Identity and multiculturalism in the Romanian Banat"
5682:
Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din ConstanČa (2003).
5584:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (3 May 2013).
5234:) by archaeologist and professor doctor Thomas NƤgler
4371:
The vast majority of the Romanian-Germans are either
4347:), the FDGR/DFDR was also an observing member of the
4164:
Administration, official representation, and politics
6293:(Bucharest: Editura ČtiinČificÄ, 1961), 7ā45: p. 32.
5456:
5240:
by Roland Schenn, Corint publishing house, 2014 (in
5061:
2014:
1488:, Evangelical Lutheran settlers henceforth known as
888:
and is represented by such migratory peoples as the
6240:"10 Mesmerising Medieval Landmarks of Transylvania"
4675:
Historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons
4449:Nowadays, there are two German-language schools in
4240:
Anti-Fascist Committee of German Workers in Romania
1992:once lived alongside the Romanian ethnic majority.
1848:
Evangelical Lutheran fortified church in TurniČor (
1438:
857:- the main region of origin of the initial settlers
395:) represent one of the most significant historical
6422:(in Romanian). Editura Ars Docendi. Archived from
6144:
4619:(the first German-language newspaper published in
4553:) is one of the oldest state theaters in Romania.
4058:
1499:At the same time, during the 19th century, in the
1354:) of the Transylvanian Saxon lands in Transylvania
1140:Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church in
6413:"RevistÄ a SocietÄČii de Studii Istorice Erasmus"
5874:"The Transylvanian Saxon Citadel Of Reps (Rupea)"
5327:Can be equally considered as part of the broader
4886:The seat of the Wellbeing Committee in ChiČinÄu (
4735:Historical coat of arms of the Bessarabia Germans
4429:Samuel von Brukenthal National College in Sibiu (
1429:cathedral in Baia, present-day Suceava County in
1207:, the Saxons settled along with the Romanians in
8064:
6684:"Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. dr. Thomas NƤgler"
6461:"Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in RumƤnien"
5814:"Encyclopedia Britannica - Transylvanian Saxons"
5262:Palukes fĆ¼r die Seele: Gedichte aus SiebenbĆ¼rgen
5125:Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania
4874:Hoffnungstal, former German colony in Bessarabia
4443:Cultural League of Germans in Sibiu/Hermannstadt
5487:
5400:
5197:Germanii din RomĆ¢nia: Ć®ntre nazism Či stalinism
4723:Historical coat of arms of the Dobrujan Germans
4711:Historical coat of arms of the Sathmar Swabians
4687:Historical coat of arms of the Bukovina Germans
4292:Since 1989, the FDGR/DFDR has competed both in
2157:United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
1773:) by German photographer Kurt Hielscher in 1933
1291:), Baia, or NeamČ. They even briefly served as
1076:Der Goldener Freibrief der SiebenbĆ¼rger Sachsen
794:in the 19th century (though they were not only
714:in northeastern Romania; equally indigenous to
454:Overview and classification of Romanian-Germans
6967:(approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century)
6214:"Top 5 Transylvanian Saxon Fortified Churches"
6014:
5899:"Istoria Transilvaniei - Istoria pĆ¢nÄ la 1914"
5373:
5199:by William Totok on Observatorul Cultural (in
5174:Association of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany
4267:Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in RumƤnien
1665:150 German colonies established in Bessarabia.
7746:
7094:
6720:
6659:
6063:
5988:
5044:Traditional Saxon woman costume from BraČov (
4699:Historical coat of arms of the Banat Swabians
4385:Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
4302:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
4246:and democratic counterpart. After the end of
8042:
7214:
7146:
7130:
7123:
6734:
6640:Bobtrad Banaters or Banters Around the World
5434:Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1
5238:PoveČti din folclorul germanilor din RomĆ¢nia
5184:Geographical distribution of German speakers
4862:Typical German house in Hannowka, Bessarabia
4383:). The Evangelical Lutherans pertain to the
4146:
2159:and then, eventually, also over the unified
1956:ČipČerai neighbourhood in the small town of
1697:Between the two World Wars, namely in 1925,
1526:, a large influx of German settlers came to
660:
590:) was also colonized by Germans, firstly in
8052:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944ā1950)
6263:
6237:
6211:
6185:
6171:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5871:
5784:
4930:A Dobrujan German in the former village of
848:during the High Middle Ages). Key/Legend:
790:, and Switzerland at the invitation of the
7101:
7087:
6727:
6713:
6616:(in Romanian and German). 17 December 2019
6511:
6446:
6444:
5923:
5340:Can be somewhat considered as part of the
5130:List of fortified churches in Transylvania
4980:Transylvanian Saxon couple from BistriČa (
4275:Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din RomĆ¢nia
2605:Population statistics by settlement (2011)
1972:, still inahbited by a small community of
1126:) Henning of Petersdorf/PetreČti in 1324.
47:
5609:
5105:List of ambassadors of Germany to Romania
2584:
2356:Comparative demographic table (1930ā2011)
2163:both during the 19th and 20th centuries.
1792:bilingual sign at the entrance in Sibiu (
6581:Locations - Goethe-Institut (in English)
5639:(1968) discusses the Zipserfest held in
4572:Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung fĆ¼r RumƤnien
4560:
4490:
4424:
4402:
4398:
4189:
4173:
2743:
2727:
2711:
2695:
2679:
2663:
2647:
2631:
2615:
2145:Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
2028:
1951:
1942:leader of the Christian Democratic Union
1876:
1052:
839:
726:1780ā1940. Moreover, even to this date,
596:
485:
469:
7632:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
7626:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
6450:Denotes percent (%) of total population
6441:
6322:, Oxford University Press, 2013, p. 3,
6145:RedacČia Digi24.ro (12 February 2017).
6089:
5272:The Rise and Fall of Saxon Transylvania
5000:Transylvanian Saxon couple from Sibiu (
2132:Royal House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1538:. In addition, Germans also settled in
527:, firstly to southern and northeastern
8065:
5834:Thomas NƤgler and Martin Rill (1993).
5811:
5264:by Yasmin Mai-Schoger (poetry book in
5135:List of Transylvanian Saxon localities
4501:Samuel von Brukenthal National College
4259:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
4170:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
2185:
2155:) reigned initially over the Danubian
956:), partly under the protection of the
820:Settlement during the High Middle Ages
710:) or some rural areas of the nowadays
535:(some of them even crossing the outer
385:Germanii din RomĆ¢nia or germani-romĆ¢ni
7082:
6708:
6593:Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin
6559:
6090:Abraham, Florin (25 September 2017).
5629:
5540:
5292:, Transylvanian Saxon writer and poet
4393:Evangelische Kirche A.B. in RumƤnien
1687:Recent history (20th century onwards)
1519:), concomitantly with the crowing of
722:in western Ukraine between the years
5662:ŠŠ°ŃŠŗŠ¾Š²Ń Š·Š°ŠæŠøŃŠŗŠø. Š”ŠµŃŃŃ "Š¤ŃŠ»Š¾Š»Š¾Š³ŃŃŠ½Š°"
5445:Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste.
4279:reserved seats for ethnic minorities
4242:was formed shortly thereafter as an
2004:in 2017, current Romanian president
1856:) in Sibiu, a local landmark of the
1346:Detailed map depicting the 7 seats (
438:, postponed one year because of the
90:Regions with significant populations
8088:Romanian people of Austrian descent
6990:Citizens of the Republic of Moldova
6066:"The Germans in Romania after 1945"
5991:"Ethnic Germans in Romania Dwindle"
5650:
5374:Bogdan PÄcurar (30 December 2022).
4799:The Evangelical Lutheran church of
4069:
736:, mostly from MaramureÅ (including
13:
6662:"AČezarea saČilor Ć®n Transilvania"
6015:Ovidiu HaČegan (2 February 2020).
5989:Chuck Sudetic (28 December 1990).
5840:Materiale Či cercetÄri arheologice
5714:Journal of Mediterranean Geography
5221:
4638:On the Romanian public TV channel
4421:, at least by cultural criterion).
4351:(EU), briefly affiliated with the
2180:
2074:picturesque Transylvanian villages
1084:Carta de aur a saČilor transilvani
14:
8104:
8083:Romanian people of German descent
7108:
6304:DicČionarul limbii romĆ¢ne moderne
6212:Victor RouÄ (22 September 2015).
6064:Steliu Lambru (22 October 2018).
5548:The German Nationality in Romania
5546:Monica Barcan, Adalbert Millitz,
5190:
2015:Contributions to Romanian culture
6757:Officially recognised minorities
6664:(in Romanian). Editura Kriterion
6556:. Retrieved on 20 February 2015.
6264:Victor RouÄ (4 September 2015).
5872:Victor RouÄ (14 November 2015).
5228:AČezarea saČilor Ć®n Transilvania
5078:
5064:
5037:
5013:
4993:
4973:
4950:
4923:
4911:
4899:
4879:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4828:
4792:
4783:A group of Bessarabian Germans (
4776:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4728:
4716:
4704:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4551:Deutsches Staatstheater Temeswar
4459:Deutsches Goethe-Kolleg Bukarest
4130:
4115:
4100:
4085:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2517:
2496:
2475:
2454:
2433:
2409:
2385:
1865:
1841:
1805:
1778:
1758:
1746:
1717:67,000 to 89,000 in total) were
1650:
1630:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1439:Settlement during the Modern Age
1418:
1398:
1375:
1359:
1339:
1327:
1169:
1133:
547:), then subsequently during the
164:
149:
134:
111:
95:
57:
8078:Ethnic German groups in Romania
6676:
6653:
6628:
6599:
6585:
6574:
6535:
6505:
6479:
6453:
6404:
6395:
6380:
6354:
6332:
6309:
6296:
6283:
6257:
6238:Victor RouÄ (14 October 2015).
6231:
6205:
6179:
6138:
6124:
6110:
6083:
6057:
6045:. University of Alberta, Canada
6043:"The Germans from the Bukovina"
6035:
6008:
5982:
5951:
5917:
5891:
5865:
5827:
5805:
5778:
5760:
5735:
5701:
5675:
5603:
5347:
5334:
5321:
5312:
5303:
4835:Evangelical Lutheran Church in
4294:local and legislative elections
4059:Population as of 2011 by county
2166:
1711:Deutsche Voksgruppe in RumƤnien
1705:were relocated to neighbouring
1320:tourist destinations in Romania
6291:Probleme de lingvisticÄ romĆ¢nÄ
5577:
5510:
5481:
5439:
5426:
5394:
5367:
4543:German State Theatre TimiČoara
4253:Subsequently, since after the
4232:1927 Romanian general election
2676:), BraČov County, Transylvania
2628:), CaraČ-Severin County, Banat
2351:Demographic history of Romania
1733:. Later during the 1950s, the
1368:Transylvanian Saxon University
836:Transylvanian Saxon University
1:
6487:"Deputat: Ovidiu Victor Ganţ"
5966:(in Romanian). Archived from
5958:Eberhard-Wolfgang Wittstock.
5616:Institul Cultural RomĆ¢n (ICR)
5360:
5353:As part of the Banat Swabians
5140:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
5020:Transylvanian Saxon lad from
4965:) of the Dobrujan Germans in
4784:
4216:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
4156:
2740:), Sibiu County, Transylvania
2724:), MureČ County, Transylvania
2708:), Sibiu County, Transylvania
2692:), Sibiu County, Transylvania
2660:), Sibiu County, Transylvania
1714:
1698:
1662:
1534:. These Germans are known as
1042:river valley. Their dialect,
875:- secondary regions of origin
778:vintners who also settled in
723:
431:
423:
415:
78:
6368:(in Romanian). 28 April 2020
5684:"On the Germans of Dobrogea"
5145:List of Transylvanian Saxons
2008:stated, among others, that:
1719:deported to the Soviet Union
1549:At around the same time, in
960:, who came to Transylvania (
7:
7533:Alsatians and Lotharingians
6186:Victor RouÄ (27 May 2017).
6070:Radio RomĆ¢nia InternaČional
5666:Š£ŠŠ 81'282.4:811.112.2(477)
5574:) in northwestern Romania."
5209:(with many archive images;
5120:Transylvanian Saxon cuisine
5115:Transylvanian Saxon dialect
5057:
4940:Colelie, Kolelie or Kulelie
4499:In Sibiu/Hermannstadt, the
4366:
4330:Frauenbach or GroĆ-Neustadt
2644:), Suceava County, Bukovina
1542:and this group is known as
774:as well as small groups of
430:) and dropped even more to
10:
8109:
5637:Die Zipser in der Bukowina
4661:
4474:Nikolaus Lenau High School
4167:
2344:
2018:
1690:
829:
826:Romania in the Middle Ages
823:
814:
463:
457:
16:Ethnic minority in Romania
8093:GermanyāRomania relations
8073:German diaspora in Europe
8035:
7981:
7903:
7761:
7572:
7552:
7516:
7436:
7388:
7251:
7175:
7168:
7159:
7116:
7065:
6980:
6957:
6898:Non-recognized minorities
6896:
6755:
6742:
5688:Institutul Cultural RomĆ¢n
5100:GermanyāMoldova relations
5095:GermanyāRomania relations
4147:2022 Romanian census data
4072:
2338:
2198:ā
1675:from the principality of
426:36,000 (according to the
285:
280:
256:
251:
183:
178:
94:
89:
77:
72:
56:
30:
6958:Historical ethnic groups
6920:* (self-declared, 1,536)
6914:* (self-declared, 3,890)
6736:Ethnic groups in Romania
6554:Deutsche Schule Bukarest
6316:Gabriela PanÄ Dindelegan
5722:10.4000/mediterranee.523
5612:"The Germans in Romania"
5488:Daniel Ursprung (2015).
5296:
5170:, south-western Germany)
5150:Sibiu Lutheran Cathedral
4556:
4455:Deutsche Schule Bukarest
4077:
2642:Mariensee or Ludwigsdorf
2595:Transnistria Governorate
2366:German ethnic sub-group
1677:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
1370:in the late 15th century
667:Banater Berglanddeutsche
648:) sub-groups in Romania
442:and conducted in 2022).
7553:Multinational dimension
6320:The Grammar of Romanian
5852:10.3406/mcarh.1993.1969
5526:HOG Bistritz-Nƶsen e.V.
5432:Dr. Gerhard Reichning,
4625:Banater Arbeiter-Presse
4470:Temeschburg or Temeswar
4361:EuropƤische Volkspartei
4353:European People's Party
4318:Temeswar or Temeschburg
2347:Demographics of Romania
2147:, part of contemporary
2084:), or some of the most
1998:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
792:Austro-Hungarian Empire
8043:
7747:
7474:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7215:
7147:
7131:
7124:
6938:* (self-declared, 207)
6932:* (self-declared, 532)
6660:Thomas NƤgler (1981).
5571:
5563:
5288:The literary works of
5281:The literary works of
5217:) by Gerlinde Schuller
5049:
5029:
5005:
4985:
4962:
4939:
4891:
4816:
4808:
4617:Temeswarer Nachrichten
4608:
4596:HermannstƤdter Zeitung
4566:
4550:
4496:
4469:
4438:
4434:
4422:
4392:
4360:
4329:
4317:
4309:
4298:National Liberal Party
4274:
4266:
4203:
4199:
4187:
4183:
2764:
2756:
2741:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2709:
2705:
2693:
2689:
2677:
2673:
2661:
2657:
2645:
2641:
2629:
2625:
2585:1941 Romanian censuses
2460:Banat Highland Germans
2117:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2042:
1980:
1965:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1853:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1797:
1770:
1659:Bessarabia Governorate
1642:
1566:
1516:
1508:
1490:Transylvanian Landlers
1410:
1390:
1351:
1300:
1288:
1264:
1248:
1232:
1193:
1181:
1161:
1149:
1123:
1103:
1083:
1075:
1062:
1011:, or, ultimately, the
996:
988:
980:
965:
953:
945:
937:
877:
666:
661:
657:Banat Highland Germans
645:
628:Transylvanian Landlers
610:
587:
579:
559:, at the time part of
555:-ruled lands (such as
515:
512:Buchenland or Bukowina
511:
503:
495:
483:
392:
384:
376:
36:
5401:RecensÄmĆ¢nt RomĆ¢nia.
5274:by CÄtÄlin Gruia (in
5250:by Jessica Klein (in
4564:
4505:Samuel von Brukenthal
4494:
4428:
4406:
4399:Culture and education
4236:German People's Party
4224:Hungarian German Bloc
4193:
4177:
2962:Mariensee/Ludwigsdorf
2747:
2731:
2715:
2699:
2683:
2667:
2651:
2635:
2619:
2502:Transylvanian Landler
2172:Historical population
2138:House of Hohenzollern
2090:touristic attractions
2080:, known in German as
2070:Romanian architecture
2032:
1955:
1899:Palatul administrativ
1883:Administrative Palace
1880:
1858:Transylvanian Landler
1701:20,000 Swabians from
1673:House of Hohenzollern
1056:
843:
708:CĆ¢mpulung Moldovenesc
600:
489:
473:
281:Related ethnic groups
263:Evangelical Lutherans
222:Transylvanian Landler
41:Deutsche aus RumƤnien
7973:United Arab Emirates
7281:Transylvanian Saxons
6569:Geschichte Temeswars
5497:University of ZĆ¼rich
5436:, Bonn 1995, Page 17
5411:2021 Romanian census
5160:Transylvanian Museum
5110:Romanians in Germany
4586:Neue Banater Zeitung
4381:Evangelical Lutheran
4334:President of Romania
4153:2021 Romanian census
3914:MÄnÄstirea Humorului
3594:Temeschburg/Temeswar
2611:2011 Romanian census
2391:Transylvanian Saxons
2002:President of Germany
1978:2011 Romanian census
1765:Central SighiČoara (
1735:BÄrÄgan deportations
1501:Romanian Old Kingdom
1316:World Heritage Sites
1088:Andrew II of Hungary
938:SiebenbĆ¼rger Sachsen
930:Transylvanian Saxons
622:Transylvanian Saxons
572:Romanian Old Kingdom
476:Carpathian Mountains
436:2021 Romanian census
83:2021 Romanian census
7560:Central and Eastern
7464:Italy (South Tyrol)
5924:Klaus Popa (2005).
5342:Transylvanian Saxon
4654:) and subtitled in
4621:Southaestern Europe
4349:European Parliament
4283:Chamber of Deputies
4255:Romanian Revolution
2769:
2362:
2173:
2140:(stemming from the
2102:Romanian literature
2043:Die Schwarze Kirche
1927:Aktionsgruppe Banat
1553:, then part of the
1451:, and once more in
1108:Transylvanian Saxon
1044:Transylvanian Saxon
900:(more specifically
720:Chernivtsi province
434:22,900 (as per the
412:the interwar period
357:Germans of Bulgaria
332:Germans of Slovakia
261:(12,495), but also
212:Transylvanian Saxon
81:22,900 (as per the
27:
7705:Pennsylvania Dutch
6548:2015-02-15 at the
6429:on 27 January 2007
6345:2011-08-18 at the
5995:The New York Times
5964:Camera DeputaČilor
4567:
4497:
4480:, a Banat Swabian
4439:
4423:
4413:Kingdom of Romania
4285:as well as in the
4204:
4188:
3392:Miercurea Sibiului
3306:Grosssanktnikolaus
2767:
2765:
2757:Keisd or HĆ¼nenburg
2742:
2726:
2710:
2694:
2678:
2662:
2646:
2630:
2565:Bessarabia Germans
2360:
2171:
2161:Kingdom of Romania
2125:Transylvanian rugs
2078:fortified churches
2063:
2025:History of Romania
2021:Culture of Romania
1981:
1911:
1812:The Small Square (
1162:Kreis Hermannstadt
1063:
1059:Kingdom of Hungary
1001:Kingdom of Hungary
946:SaČi transilvÄneni
918:Kingdom of Hungary
916:(then part of the
878:
758:Bessarabia Germans
611:
570:Subsequently, the
533:Kingdom of Hungary
516:
484:
369:Germans of Romania
347:Germans of Croatia
337:Germans of Hungary
25:Germans of Romania
24:
8060:
8059:
8031:
8030:
7568:
7567:
7368:Russian Mennonite
7076:
7075:
6924:Megleno-Romanians
6328:978-0-19-964492-6
6302:Academia RomĆ¢nÄ,
6103:978-1-4725-2629-8
5937:978-3-631-54441-9
5903:RomĆ¢nia TuristicÄ
5785:Smaranda Vultur.
5635:Oskar Hadbawnik,
5556:Baden-WĆ¼rttemberg
5554:, in the land of
5451:Kohlhammer Verlag
5403:"Date provizorii"
5168:Baden-WĆ¼rttemberg
4631:in Bukovina, and
4536:Johannes Honterus
4155:, there are only
4144:
4143:
4056:
4055:
2599:Black Sea Germans
2582:
2581:
2343:
2342:
2151:in south-western
2149:Baden-WĆ¼rttemberg
2096:Romanian language
1976:according to the
1935:German chancellor
1905:built during the
1891:Verwaltungspalast
1425:The ruins of the
1068:Diploma Andreanum
880:While an ancient
846:Holy Roman Empire
718:and contemporary
678:in their entirety
506:), and Bukovina (
440:COVID-19 pandemic
397:ethnic minorities
365:
364:
352:Germans of Serbia
342:Germans of Poland
304:Germanic-speaking
275:other confessions
271:Romanian Orthodox
239:
194:
8100:
8048:
7999:Papua New Guinea
7837:KapitaĆÆ and Koba
7803:KapitaĆÆ and Koba
7752:
7630:Los Lagos Region
7612:British Columbia
7220:
7173:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7152:
7136:
7127:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7080:
7079:
6982:Immigrant groups
6729:
6722:
6715:
6706:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6688:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6621:
6603:
6597:
6589:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6567:
6563:
6557:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6518:
6512:Vasile Ciobanu.
6509:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6457:
6451:
6448:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6428:
6417:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6336:
6330:
6313:
6307:
6300:
6294:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6170:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6061:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5679:
5673:
5654:
5648:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5581:
5575:
5566:) and PetreČti (
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5523:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5460:
5454:
5443:
5437:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5407:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5371:
5354:
5351:
5345:
5338:
5332:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5155:SiebenbĆ¼rgenlied
5088:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5041:
5017:
4997:
4977:
4954:
4944:ConstanČa County
4927:
4915:
4903:
4883:
4871:
4859:
4847:
4832:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4708:
4696:
4684:
4672:
4613:Arbeiter-Zeitung
4599:for the town of
4332:).. The present
4158:
4134:
4119:
4104:
4089:
4070:
3792:Kleinbetschkerek
2770:
2766:
2563:
2544:Dobrujan Germans
2542:
2521:
2500:
2481:Sathmar Swabians
2479:
2458:
2437:
2415:Bukovina Germans
2413:
2389:
2363:
2359:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2086:renowned castles
1970:MaramureČ County
1869:
1845:
1809:
1782:
1762:
1750:
1716:
1700:
1664:
1654:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1544:Dobrujan Germans
1461:Bukovina Germans
1422:
1402:
1379:
1363:
1343:
1331:
1318:) and important
1314:-recognized (as
1257:CĆ¢mpulung Muscel
1253:DĆ¢mboviČa County
1173:
1137:
1028:Carpathian Basin
958:Teutonic Knights
910:High Middle Ages
862:
852:
752:Dobrujan Germans
725:
684:Bukovina Germans
676:Sathmar Swabians
670:
655:, including the
539:to neighbouring
525:High Middle Ages
480:Carpathian Basin
478:(and inside the
433:
425:
417:
393:romƔniai nƩmetek
377:RumƤniendeutsche
229:
188:
168:
153:
138:
129:Satu Mare County
115:
99:
80:
73:Total population
61:
51:
37:RumƤniendeutsche
28:
23:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8027:
7977:
7899:
7757:
7624:Los RĆos Region
7564:
7548:
7512:
7437:Southern Europe
7432:
7406:North Schleswig
7389:Northern Europe
7384:
7247:
7188:Sudeten Germans
7155:
7112:
7107:
7077:
7072:
7061:
6976:
6953:
6892:
6751:
6738:
6733:
6703:
6702:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6667:
6665:
6658:
6654:
6644:
6642:
6634:
6633:
6629:
6619:
6617:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6575:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6550:Wayback Machine
6540:
6536:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6449:
6442:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6415:
6409:
6405:
6400:
6396:
6385:
6381:
6371:
6369:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6347:Wayback Machine
6337:
6333:
6314:
6310:
6301:
6297:
6288:
6284:
6274:
6272:
6262:
6258:
6248:
6246:
6236:
6232:
6222:
6220:
6210:
6206:
6196:
6194:
6184:
6180:
6164:
6163:
6156:
6154:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6104:
6088:
6084:
6074:
6072:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6046:
6041:
6040:
6036:
6026:
6024:
6013:
6009:
5999:
5997:
5987:
5983:
5973:
5971:
5970:on 18 July 2020
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5922:
5918:
5908:
5906:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5882:
5880:
5870:
5866:
5856:
5854:
5842:(in Romanian).
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5806:
5796:
5794:
5783:
5779:
5774:. 27 July 2020.
5766:
5765:
5761:
5751:
5749:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5706:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5680:
5676:
5655:
5651:
5634:
5630:
5620:
5618:
5610:Thomas NƤgler.
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5582:
5578:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5529:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5472:
5470:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5444:
5440:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5415:
5405:
5399:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5348:
5339:
5335:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5313:
5308:
5304:
5299:
5224:
5222:Further reading
5193:
5188:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5053:
5042:
5033:
5018:
5009:
4998:
4989:
4978:
4969:
4955:
4946:
4928:
4919:
4916:
4907:
4904:
4895:
4884:
4875:
4872:
4863:
4860:
4851:
4848:
4839:
4833:
4824:
4819:), situated in
4797:
4788:
4781:
4772:
4769:
4760:
4757:
4748:
4745:
4736:
4733:
4724:
4721:
4712:
4709:
4700:
4697:
4688:
4685:
4676:
4673:
4664:
4648:standard German
4559:
4509:Goethe Institut
4401:
4369:
4206:In the wake of
4172:
4166:
4149:
4061:
3788:Becicherecu Mic
3763:BistriČa-NÄsÄud
3302:SĆ¢nnicolau Mare
2963:
2607:
2587:
2358:
2353:
2345:Main articles:
2169:
2134:
2051:Biserica NeagrÄ
2027:
2019:Main articles:
2017:
1989:1989 revolution
1950:
1873:
1870:
1861:
1846:
1837:
1818:Der kleine Ring
1810:
1801:
1783:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1751:
1695:
1689:
1666:
1655:
1646:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1614:
1611:
1602:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1480:during Empress
1441:
1434:
1423:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1380:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1344:
1335:
1332:
1219:in present-day
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1138:
989:GĆ©za der Zweite
954:erdƩlyi szƔszok
876:
860:
858:
850:
838:
828:
822:
817:
750:(including the
468:
462:
456:
361:
312:German diaspora
299:
298:
259:Roman Catholics
247:
232:Sathmar Swabian
208:
207:
174:
108:
107:
68:
52:
45:Deutsch-RumƤnen
43:
39:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8106:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8054:
8049:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8016:German Samoans
8013:
8012:
8011:
8006:
7996:
7991:
7985:
7983:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7795:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7739:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7627:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7576:
7570:
7569:
7566:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7556:
7554:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7544:United Kingdom
7541:
7536:
7526:
7520:
7518:
7517:Western Europe
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7440:
7438:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7414:
7413:
7411:Potato Germans
7408:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7385:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7346:North Caucasus
7343:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7288:
7283:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7261:
7255:
7253:
7252:Eastern Europe
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7212:
7207:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7183:Czech Republic
7179:
7177:
7176:Central Europe
7170:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7133:Reichsdeutsche
7128:
7125:Bundesdeutsche
7120:
7118:
7114:
7113:
7106:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7083:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6986:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6971:Dobrujan Arabs
6968:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6884:
6878:
6872:
6866:
6860:
6854:
6848:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6818:
6812:
6805:Crimean Tatars
6803:(divided into
6798:
6792:
6786:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6761:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6743:Dominant group
6740:
6739:
6732:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6700:
6675:
6652:
6627:
6598:
6584:
6573:
6558:
6534:
6504:
6478:
6452:
6440:
6420:Erasmus nr. 13
6403:
6394:
6379:
6353:
6331:
6308:
6295:
6282:
6256:
6230:
6204:
6178:
6137:
6123:
6109:
6102:
6096:. Bloomsbury.
6082:
6056:
6034:
6007:
5981:
5950:
5936:
5916:
5890:
5864:
5846:(2): 485ā487.
5826:
5804:
5777:
5759:
5734:
5716:(110): 17ā26.
5700:
5674:
5649:
5628:
5602:
5576:
5539:
5509:
5480:
5468:Deutsche Welle
5455:
5453:, 1958 Page 46
5438:
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5294:
5293:
5286:
5283:Josef Haltrich
5279:
5269:
5259:
5245:
5235:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5204:
5192:
5191:External links
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5179:German culture
5176:
5171:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:Romania portal
5075:
5072:Germany portal
5059:
5056:
5055:
5054:
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5019:
5012:
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4999:
4992:
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4986:Bistritz/Nƶsen
4979:
4972:
4970:
4956:
4949:
4947:
4929:
4922:
4920:
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4910:
4908:
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4703:
4701:
4698:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4635:in Bucharest.
4581:Eastern Europe
4558:
4555:
4478:Nikolaus Lenau
4464:In TimiČoara (
4400:
4397:
4373:Roman Catholic
4368:
4365:
4345:European Union
4338:Klaus Iohannis
4312:), TimiČoara (
4300:(PNL) and the
4287:local councils
4168:Main article:
4165:
4162:
4148:
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4009:
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3988:
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3972:Elisabethstadt
3970:
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3934:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3918:Humora Kloster
3916:
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3610:
3604:
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3592:
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3580:
3577:
3576:Ferdinandsberg
3574:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3531:
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3460:
3459:
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3442:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3207:
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3199:
3196:
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3178:
3172:
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3145:
3142:
3136:
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3112:
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3009:
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2986:
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2606:
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2514:
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2510:
2507:
2504:
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2486:
2483:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:Banat Swabians
2430:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2382:
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2259:
2255:
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2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2099:
2093:
2016:
2013:
2006:Klaus Johannis
1974:Zipser Germans
1949:
1946:
1940:, also former
1931:Richard Wagner
1919:Suceava County
1915:Heim ins Reich
1907:Austrian-ruled
1875:
1874:
1871:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1745:
1731:Hans Otto Roth
1688:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1581:
1573:'s end to the
1555:Russian Empire
1469:Zipser Germans
1465:Banat Swabians
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1427:Roman Catholic
1424:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1221:Suceava County
1175:
1168:
1167:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1021:Ottoman Empire
997:GĆ©za al doilea
981:GƩza a mƔsodik
970:Hungarian King
886:late antiquity
859:
849:
824:Main article:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
811:
769:
755:
745:
734:Zipser Germans
731:
728:Suceava County
712:Suceava County
692:Gura Humorului
681:
680:
679:
672:
653:Banat Swabians
638:Danube Swabian
635:
625:
458:Main article:
455:
452:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
296:
295:
294:
283:
282:
278:
277:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:
245:
240:
227:Swabian German
224:
219:
214:
205:
204:
203:
181:
180:
176:
175:
173:
172:
162:
159:Suceava County
147:
132:
105:
104:
103:
92:
91:
87:
86:
75:
74:
70:
69:
62:
54:
53:
31:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8105:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8034:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7986:
7984:
7980:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7866:Dar es Salaam
7864:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7830:
7826:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7760:
7751:
7750:
7749:Colonia Tovar
7745:
7744:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7700:United States
7698:
7696:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7396:Baltic states
7394:
7393:
7391:
7387:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7355:
7354:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7158:
7151:
7150:
7149:Volksdeutsche
7145:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7126:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7110:German people
7104:
7099:
7097:
7092:
7090:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7036:
7033:
7030:
7027:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7015:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:(145 in 1850)
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6926:(1,200ā2,000)
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6784:
6781:
6778:
6775:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6725:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6689:(in Romanian)
6685:
6679:
6663:
6656:
6641:
6637:
6631:
6615:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6595:
6594:
6588:
6582:
6577:
6570:
6562:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6538:
6523:(in Romanian)
6522:
6515:
6508:
6493:(in Romanian)
6492:
6488:
6482:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6447:
6445:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6398:
6390:
6383:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6312:
6305:
6299:
6292:
6286:
6271:
6270:The Dockyards
6267:
6260:
6245:
6244:The Dockyards
6241:
6234:
6219:
6218:The Dockyards
6215:
6208:
6193:
6192:The Dockyards
6189:
6182:
6174:
6168:
6153:(in Romanian)
6152:
6148:
6141:
6134:(in Romanian)
6132:
6127:
6120:(in Romanian)
6118:
6113:
6105:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6044:
6038:
6023:(in Romanian)
6022:
6018:
6011:
5996:
5992:
5985:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5954:
5939:
5933:
5930:(in German).
5929:
5928:
5920:
5905:(in Romanian)
5904:
5900:
5894:
5879:
5878:The Dockyards
5875:
5868:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5815:
5808:
5792:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5689:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5617:
5613:
5606:
5591:
5590:Press release
5587:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5435:
5429:
5414:(in Romanian)
5413:
5412:
5404:
5397:
5382:(in Romanian)
5381:
5377:
5370:
5366:
5350:
5343:
5337:
5330:
5329:Banat Swabian
5324:
5315:
5306:
5302:
5291:
5290:Dutz Schuster
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5076:
5073:
5062:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4996:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4971:
4968:
4967:Tulcea County
4964:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4926:
4921:
4914:
4909:
4902:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4865:
4858:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4801:Vesela Dolyna
4795:
4790:
4779:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4743:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4444:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4212:Swabian Group
4209:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4154:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:CaraČ-Severin
4118:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4052:
4051:CaraČ-Severin
4049:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3990:Marktschelken
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:CaraČ-Severin
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:CaraČ-Severin
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:CaraČ-Severin
3581:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:CaraČ-Severin
3473:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:CaraČ-Severin
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:CaraČ-Severin
2805:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:Romanian name
2772:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2523:Regat Germans
2520:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2082:kirchenburgen
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2053:) in BraČov (
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:BÄrÄgan Plain
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:forced labour
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1661:. There were
1660:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:Regat Germans
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:Vechiul regat
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:Maria Theresa
1479:
1475:
1474:Salzkammergut
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:Sieben StĆ¼hle
1349:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:Magdeburg law
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1124:greav or grof
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:Luxembourgish
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:and then the
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:, firstly to
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
874:
870:
866:
856:
847:
842:
837:
833:
827:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:
767:
763:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:Regat Germans
746:
743:
739:
735:
732:
729:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
682:
677:
673:
669:
668:
664:
658:
654:
650:
649:
647:
646:Donauschwaben
643:
639:
636:
633:
632:Salzkammergut
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
618:
616:
608:
604:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Vechiul Regat
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
520:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
481:
477:
472:
467:
461:
451:
449:
443:
441:
437:
429:
421:
413:
408:
406:
405:modern period
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Luxembourgers
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
301:
300:
293:
289:
284:
279:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
250:
244:
243:Zipser German
241:
237:
236:Banat Swabian
233:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
217:Walser German
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
198:
193:and dialects)
192:
187:
182:
177:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
125:BraČov County
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:
102:
98:
93:
88:
84:
76:
71:
66:
60:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
19:
7844:South Africa
7275:
7217:Walddeutsche
7056:Bangladeshis
6782:
6750:(16,792,868)
6691:. Retrieved
6678:
6666:. Retrieved
6655:
6643:. Retrieved
6639:
6630:
6618:. Retrieved
6610:
6601:
6591:
6587:
6576:
6561:
6553:
6537:
6525:. Retrieved
6520:
6507:
6495:. Retrieved
6490:
6481:
6469:. Retrieved
6464:
6455:
6431:. Retrieved
6424:the original
6419:
6406:
6397:
6388:
6382:
6370:. Retrieved
6365:
6356:
6334:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6298:
6290:
6285:
6273:. Retrieved
6269:
6259:
6247:. Retrieved
6243:
6233:
6221:. Retrieved
6217:
6207:
6195:. Retrieved
6191:
6181:
6155:. Retrieved
6150:
6140:
6126:
6112:
6092:
6085:
6073:. Retrieved
6069:
6059:
6047:. Retrieved
6037:
6025:. Retrieved
6020:
6010:
5998:. Retrieved
5994:
5984:
5972:. Retrieved
5968:the original
5963:
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5926:
5919:
5907:. Retrieved
5902:
5893:
5881:. Retrieved
5877:
5867:
5855:. Retrieved
5843:
5839:
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5812:Britannica.
5807:
5795:. Retrieved
5790:
5780:
5772:Genealogy.ro
5771:
5762:
5750:. Retrieved
5746:
5737:
5725:. Retrieved
5713:
5703:
5691:. Retrieved
5687:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5656:Š. ŠÆ. ŠÆŃŃŠŗ,
5652:
5636:
5631:
5619:. Retrieved
5615:
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5589:
5579:
5547:
5542:
5530:. Retrieved
5525:
5512:
5500:. Retrieved
5496:
5483:
5471:. Retrieved
5467:
5458:
5446:
5441:
5433:
5428:
5416:. Retrieved
5409:
5396:
5384:. Retrieved
5379:
5369:
5349:
5336:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5271:
5261:
5247:
5237:
5231:
5227:
5006:Hermannstadt
4651:
4643:
4637:
4609:Hermannstadt
4594:
4584:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4540:
4533:
4498:
4463:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4435:Hermannstadt
4418:Mitteleuropa
4416:
4408:
4370:
4342:
4310:Hermannstadt
4291:
4252:
4248:World War II
4244:anti-fascist
4228:Magyar Party
4220:German Party
4205:
4184:Hermannstadt
4160:in Romania.
4150:
4078:
4073:
4062:
3900:Hermannstadt
3810:Karansebesch
3108:Deutschpereg
3072:Triebswetter
3032:ViČeu de Sus
2908:Grosslasseln
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2761:MureČ County
2716:SighiČoara (
2608:
2588:
2167:Demographics
2135:
2118:Hermannstadt
2064:
2035:Black Church
2009:
1994:
1985:Iron Curtain
1982:
1958:ViČeu de Sus
1923:
1912:
1834:Hermannstadt
1828:) in Sibiu (
1798:Hermannstadt
1727:World War II
1703:TimiČ County
1696:
1669:
1548:
1498:
1493:
1492:or, simply,
1486:Sibiu region
1484:'s reign to
1453:Transylvania
1442:
1305:
1279:, just like
1269:ArgeČ County
1237:NeamČ County
1202:
1154:Sibiu County
1142:Axente Sever
1111:
1092:
1086:) issued by
1064:
1025:
966:SiebenbĆ¼rgen
914:Transylvania
879:
764:in southern
704:Vatra Dornei
612:
603:Transylvania
569:
561:Cisleithania
529:Transylvania
521:
517:
496:SiebenbĆ¼rgen
444:
420:World War II
409:
368:
366:
297:Also related
144:TimiČ County
121:Sibiu County
117:Transylvania
44:
40:
21:Ethnic group
18:
8045:Ostsiedlung
7994:New Zealand
7968:Philippines
7810:Ivory Coast
7695:Puerto Rico
7648:El Salvador
7539:Netherlands
7493:Gottscheers
7293:(including
7243:Switzerland
6965:Circassians
6875:Macedonians
6767:(1,227,623)
6693:19 February
6668:19 February
6596:(in German)
6566:(in German)
6521:Čara BĆ¢rsei
6471:31 December
6467:(in German)
6350:(in German)
6338:Hans Dama,
6157:30 November
6075:30 November
6049:30 November
5857:31 December
5819:31 December
5793:(in French)
5747:Remmick.org
5552:WĆ¼rttemberg
5528:(in German)
5418:26 February
5386:30 December
5248:Meschendorf
5164:Gundelsheim
5030:Hammersdorf
4652:Hochdeutsch
4521:Cluj-Napoca
4482:Romanticist
4234:), and the
4208:World War I
4151:As per the
4065:2011 census
3709:Arad County
3644:Merghindeal
3104:Peregu Mare
3036:Oberwischau
2779:German name
2636:CĆ¢rlibaba (
2620:Brebu Nou (
1966:Oberwischau
1938:Helmut Kohl
1707:Arad County
1239:as well as
1225:TĆ¢rgu NeamČ
1205:Carpathians
1203:Across the
615:World War I
537:Carpathians
466:Ostsiedlung
448:2021 census
428:2011 census
410:Throughout
230:(including
191:Hochdeutsch
65:2002 census
8067:Categories
7958:Kyrgyzstan
7948:Kazakhstan
7849:Afrikaners
7643:Costa Rica
7607:Hutterites
7469:Yugoslavia
7449:Azerbaijan
7358:Bessarabia
7117:Historical
7032:Pakistanis
6936:Krashovani
6906:Aromanians
6827:Bulgarians
6811:) (20,282)
6777:Ukrainians
6765:Hungarians
6571:Schulwesen
6543:Entstehung
6433:6 February
5943:25 October
5883:16 January
5791:Memoria.ro
5361:References
5331:community.
4627:in Banat,
4377:Protestant
4044:Moritzfeld
3986:Čeica Mare
3968:DumbrÄveni
3954:Halvelagen
3806:CaransebeČ
3756:Mathesdorf
3684:Jakobsdorf
3662:Beba Veche
3612:Nitzkydorf
3608:NiČchidorf
3572:OČelu RoČu
3558:SchƤssburg
3554:SighiČoara
3432:Petersberg
3396:Reussmarkt
3288:Perjamosch
3234:Grosskarol
2944:Hatzeldorf
2926:Steierdorf
2800:Weidenthal
2684:CisnÄdie (
2626:Weidenthal
2072:(e.g. the
1854:Neppendorf
1826:PiaČa MicÄ
1691:See also:
1551:Bessarabia
1293:SchultheiĆ
1249:Tergowisch
1241:TĆ¢rgoviČte
1150:Frauendorf
1032:Luxembourg
904:), or the
830:See also:
798:-speaking
766:Bessarabia
549:Modern Age
498:), Banat (
464:See also:
7989:Australia
7742:Venezuela
7725:Palatines
7673:Nicaragua
7653:Guatemala
7582:Argentina
7363:Black Sea
7309:Satu Mare
7269:Black Sea
7140:Palatines
7020:Filipinos
6992:(177,000)
6881:Albanians
6869:Armenians
6773:(621,573)
6748:Romanians
6645:10 August
6620:1 January
6366:Alba24.ro
6151:Digi24.ro
5974:12 August
5693:1 October
5572:Petrifeld
5380:Digi24.ro
5050:Kronstadt
5022:GuČteriČa
4963:Malkotsch
4894:) in 1820
4892:Kischinew
4809:CleaČtiÅ£a
4658:as well.
4633:Neuer Weg
4525:TimiČoara
4453:, namely
4451:Bucharest
4322:Baia Mare
4226:with the
4091:Satu Mare
3936:Agnetheln
3889:Satu Mare
3878:Satu Mare
3828:Brenndorf
3738:Honigberg
3630:Heldsdorf
3590:TimiČoara
3486:Tschakowa
3356:Lenauheim
3241:Satu Mare
3205:Satu Mare
3126:Sanktanna
3043:MaramureČ
3025:Satu Mare
2964:Kirlibaba
2958:CĆ¢rlibaba
2897:Satu Mare
2879:Satu Mare
2861:Satu Mare
2843:Satu Mare
2825:Satu Mare
2818:Petrifeld
2796:Brebu Nou
2738:Agnetheln
2722:SchƤĆburg
2674:Honigberg
2652:Biertan (
2106:Kronstadt
2059:Kronstadt
1860:community
1771:SchƤĆburg
1575:Black Sea
1457:Habsburgs
1209:Wallachia
1114:) led by
1009:Pechenegs
977:Hungarian
950:Hungarian
926:Wallachia
902:Visigoths
873:Thuringia
802:but also
796:Alemannic
772:Alsatians
563:, or the
551:in other
545:Wallachia
407:onwards.
403:from the
389:Hungarian
292:Austrians
257:Majority
201:Hungarian
195:but also
179:Languages
170:Bucharest
106:Mainly in
8036:See also
7963:Pakistan
7871:Zanzibar
7861:Bagamoyo
7856:Tanzania
7776:Cameroon
7710:Nebraska
7678:Paraguay
7638:Colombia
7574:Americas
7506:Bosporus
7489:Slovenia
7454:Bulgaria
7314:Bukovina
7299:Highland
7286:Landlers
7231:Slovakia
7161:Diaspora
7050:Mexicans
7038:Iranians
7026:Africans
6942:Slovenes
6930:SzƩkelys
6908:(26,500)
6851:Italians
6823:(13,654)
6817:(18,076)
6797:(23,487)
6795:Lipovans
6791:(27,698)
6785:(36,042)
6779:(50,920)
6636:"Kerwei"
6546:Archived
6497:13 April
6391:, MediaČ
6343:Archived
6167:cite web
6000:19 March
5909:28 March
5647:in 1786.
5645:Jakobeny
5641:Jakobeny
5621:20 March
5318:December
5242:Romanian
5201:Romanian
5058:See also
4837:Tarutino
4817:Klƶstitz
4805:Romanian
4656:Romanian
4629:VorwƤrts
4593:and the
4367:Religion
4271:Romanian
4230:for the
4200:Mediasch
3950:Hoghilag
3774:MĆ¼hlbach
3720:Hamruden
3680:Iacobeni
3522:Mediasch
3500:CisnÄdie
3468:Reschitz
3428:SĆ¢npetru
3342:Neustadt
3338:Cristian
3270:Busiasch
3180:Nussbach
3144:Hatzfeld
3140:Jimbolia
3068:Tomnatic
3000:BirthƤlm
2854:Kalmandi
2832:Urziceni
2814:PetreČti
2732:Agnita (
2706:Mediasch
2700:MediaČ (
2668:HÄrman (
2658:BirthƤlm
2446:138,000
2443:237,000
2398:170,000
2395:230,000
2209:+1390.8%
2047:Romanian
1895:Romanian
1822:Romanian
1786:Romanian
1643:Dobrogea
1639:Romanian
1563:Romanian
1528:Muntenia
1517:Altreich
1505:Romanian
1494:landlers
1445:Bukovina
1431:Bukovina
1405:RĆ¢Čnov (
1391:BirthƤlm
1297:Romanian
1265:Langenau
1213:Moldavia
1120:Romanian
1080:Romanian
1034:and the
993:Romanian
942:Romanian
922:Moldavia
882:Germanic
855:Lorraine
788:Lorraine
716:CernÄuČi
588:Altreich
576:Romanian
557:Bukovina
553:Habsburg
541:Moldavia
381:Romanian
327:Walloons
322:Flemings
252:Religion
206:Dialects
197:Romanian
155:Bukovina
7982:Oceania
7926:Tianjin
7921:Qingdao
7916:Beijing
7883:Baguida
7832:Senegal
7820:Nigeria
7815:Namibia
7786:YaoundƩ
7737:Uruguay
7730:by city
7663:Jamaica
7592:Bolivia
7524:Belgium
7479:Croatia
7459:Georgia
7444:Armenia
7423:Finland
7401:Denmark
7378:Galicia
7353:Ukraine
7319:Dobruja
7276:Romania
7264:Moldova
7259:Belarus
7224:Galicia
7210:OlÄders
7205:Vistula
7195:Hungary
7016:(1,000)
7014:Indians
7010:(2,243)
7008:Chinese
7004:(2,384)
7002:Afghans
6998:(5,000)
6918:CsĆ”ngĆ³s
6912:Hutsuls
6877:(1,264)
6871:(1,361)
6865:(2,477)
6859:(2,543)
6853:(3,203)
6847:(3,271)
6841:(3,668)
6835:(5,408)
6829:(7,336)
6821:Slovaks
6783:Germans
6527:23 June
6491:FDGR.ro
6372:27 June
6318:, ed.,
6275:24 June
6249:24 June
6223:24 June
6197:24 June
6027:23 June
6021:G4media
5752:27 July
5727:27 July
5595:17 June
5564:Sathmar
5532:27 June
5502:21 June
5473:7 April
5276:English
5252:English
5211:English
4932:Colilia
4662:Gallery
4644:Akzente
4623:), and
4472:), the
4409:Fraktur
4281:in the
4079:Percent
4040:MÄureni
4026:Gattaja
3925:Suceava
3882:Sathmar
3864:Neuwerk
3842:Brateiu
3716:Homorod
3666:Altbeba
3648:Mergeln
3626:HÄlchiu
3540:Meschen
3482:Ciacova
3378:Logosch
3360:Schadat
3324:Pankota
3320:PĆ¢ncota
3194:CÄpleni
3176:MÄieruÅ
3162:Seiburg
3122:SĆ¢ntana
2996:Biertan
2978:Saschiz
2971:Suceava
2872:Bildegg
2868:Beltiug
2836:Schinal
2784:Percent
2749:Saschiz
2569:81,000
2548:12,581
2527:32,226
2485:27,000
2467:22,000
2464:37,000
2449:19,000
2419:75,533
2404:13,000
2401:18,000
2294:119,462
2283:359,109
2272:382,595
2261:384,708
2250:343,913
2239:674,307
2228:542,325
2217:786,000
2206:745,421
2153:Germany
2142:Swabian
1944:(CDU).
1903:Suceava
1540:Dobruja
1532:Oltenia
1524:Carol I
1478:Austria
1411:Rosenau
1383:Biertan
1273:Suceava
1194:Meschen
1182:Nimesch
1176:NemČa (
1040:Moselle
1013:Mongols
973:GĆ©za II
894:Vandals
869:Bavaria
865:Brabant
815:History
808:Italian
776:Walsers
700:RÄdÄuČi
688:Suceava
592:Dobruja
401:Romania
307:peoples
288:Germans
286:Mainly
184:Mainly
101:Romania
8009:Rabaul
8004:Kokopo
7938:Israel
7798:Guinea
7781:Douala
7771:Angola
7763:Africa
7688:Pozuzo
7668:Mexico
7602:Canada
7597:Brazil
7587:Belize
7529:France
7501:Turkey
7484:Serbia
7428:Sweden
7418:Norway
7373:Crimea
7336:Russia
7329:Zipser
7303:Walser
7301:, and
7291:Danube
7236:Zipser
7200:Poland
7169:Europe
6948:Gagauz
6887:Rusyns
6863:Czechs
6839:Greeks
6833:Croats
6809:Nogais
6801:Tatars
6771:Romani
6326:
6100:
5934:
5797:23 May
5568:German
5560:German
5266:German
5256:German
5230:(i.e.
5215:German
5046:German
5026:German
5002:German
4988:) area
4982:German
4959:German
4936:German
4888:German
4821:Budjak
4813:German
4650:(i.e.
4605:German
4547:German
4527:, and
4517:BraČov
4466:German
4431:German
4389:German
4379:(i.e.
4357:German
4355:(EPP;
4326:German
4320:), or
4314:German
4306:German
4263:German
4257:, the
4218:, the
4214:, the
4196:German
4180:German
4074:County
4022:GÄtaia
4015:BraČov
4008:Zeiden
4004:Codlea
3932:Agnita
3853:BraČov
3846:Pretai
3835:BraČov
3745:BraČov
3734:HÄrman
3727:BraČov
3698:Lipova
3518:MediaČ
3504:Heltau
3464:ReČiČa
3457:BraČov
3439:BraČov
3421:BraČov
3349:BraČov
3284:Periam
3266:BuziaČ
3252:Paratz
3216:Lowrin
3212:Lovrin
3198:Kaplau
3187:BraČov
3169:BraČov
3158:Jibert
3090:Semlak
3086:Semlac
3018:Erdeed
2904:Laslea
2886:Tiream
2789:County
2753:German
2734:German
2718:German
2702:German
2690:Heltau
2686:German
2670:German
2654:German
2638:German
2622:German
2509:4,000
2506:6,000
2491:6,000
2488:8,000
2470:6,000
2425:1,773
2422:2,265
2334:ā36.5%
2331:22,900
2321:ā39.7%
2318:36,042
2308:ā50.0%
2305:59,764
2297:ā66.7%
2264:+11.9%
2253:ā49.0%
2242:+24.3%
2231:ā31.0%
2195:50,000
2114:German
2055:German
2039:German
1962:German
1887:German
1850:German
1830:German
1814:German
1794:German
1790:German
1767:German
1725:after
1681:Swabia
1571:Danube
1567:Buceag
1559:Budjak
1513:German
1467:, and
1407:German
1387:German
1348:German
1312:UNESCO
1301:Čoltuz
1289:Sereth
1285:German
1261:German
1245:German
1233:Niamtz
1229:German
1190:German
1178:German
1158:German
1146:German
1112:RƤppes
1100:German
1072:German
1017:Tatars
1007:, the
1005:Cumans
985:German
962:German
934:German
906:Gepids
871:, and
863:
861:
853:
851:
804:French
784:Alsace
762:Budjak
706:, and
663:German
642:German
584:German
508:German
500:German
492:German
373:German
302:Other
189:(i.e.
186:German
33:German
7953:Korea
7943:Japan
7933:India
7911:China
7825:Lagos
7793:Ghana
7720:Omaha
7715:Texas
7658:Haiti
7619:Chile
7341:Volga
7324:Regat
7295:Banat
7058:(100)
7052:(224)
7046:(500)
7044:Kurds
7040:(610)
7034:(700)
7028:(700)
7022:(800)
6996:Arabs
6944:(175)
6889:(262)
6883:(520)
6857:Poles
6815:Serbs
6789:Turks
6687:(PDF)
6517:(PDF)
6427:(PDF)
6416:(PDF)
5522:(PDF)
5493:(PDF)
5406:(PDF)
5309:April
5297:Notes
4787:1935)
4601:Sibiu
4591:Banat
4557:Media
4529:Sibiu
4486:Banat
4140:1.1%
4136:Sibiu
4125:1.1%
4110:1.3%
4106:TimiČ
4095:1.5%
4033:TimiČ
3997:Sibiu
3979:Sibiu
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3943:Sibiu
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3896:Sibiu
3860:BocČa
3799:TimiČ
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3752:Matei
3702:Lippa
3691:Sibiu
3673:TimiČ
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3601:TimiČ
3565:MureČ
3547:Sibiu
3536:MoČna
3529:Sibiu
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3493:TimiČ
3446:Ungra
3410:Rupea
3403:Sibiu
3385:TimiČ
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3367:TimiČ
3313:TimiČ
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3277:TimiČ
3259:TimiČ
3248:ParČa
3230:Carei
3223:TimiČ
3151:TimiČ
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3061:TimiČ
3054:Detta
3014:Ardud
3007:Sibiu
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2982:Keisd
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2915:Sibiu
2890:Terem
2850:CÄmin
2375:2002
2372:1977
2369:1930
2302:2002
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2286:ā6.1%
2280:1977
2275:ā0.5%
2269:1966
2258:1956
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2220:+5.4%
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