71:
899:
24:
445:
and its progeny unequivocally strike down military jurisdiction over civilian crimes of the United States. From this point on, the
Constitution was to be interpreted and ensuring that the Bill of Rights would protect all U.S. citizens accused of crimes no matter where those crimes occurred."
400:
declared: "The concept that the Bill of Rights and other constitutional protections against arbitrary government are inoperative when they become inconvenient or when expediency dictates otherwise is a very dangerous doctrine and if allowed to flourish would destroy the benefit of a written
838:
432:
and its progeny cases made clear that civilians can't be tried by military courts, but instead must be tried in civil courts regardless where the crime was committed. "The
Constitution does not allow Congress to pass regulations that allow the military to
384:
The Court agreed with the petitioners, concluding that as United States citizens they were entitled to the protections of the Bill of Rights, notwithstanding that they committed crimes on foreign soil. The Court distinguished
393:" can be distinguished from the present cases in that they involved the power of Congress to provide rules and regulations to govern temporarily territories with wholly dissimilar traditions and institutions.
354:, famously made a successful petition for rehearing. This is the only time the Supreme Court, without a relevant change in its membership, has changed its mind as the result of a petition for rehearing.
730:
696:
366:, or on any other branch of Government, which is free from the restraints of the Constitution." The Court's core holding of the case is that U.S. citizen civilians abroad have the right to
980:
914:
675:
652:
629:
603:
580:
557:
511:
276:
114:
865:
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371:
367:
413:
404:
Justice Harlan's concurred with the judgment of the Court but disagreed with much of
Justice Black's reasoning. He held that the court-martial
262:
786:
424:
The significance of the case lies in the protection that the United States
Constitution grants to civilians who are associated with the
975:
732:
Landmark
Supreme Court Cases: The Most Influential Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States (2004) - Chapter Jurisdiction
698:
Landmark
Supreme Court Cases: The Most Influential Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States (2004) - Chapter Jurisdiction
970:
740:
706:
504:
350:
The court initially ruled against Mrs. Covert, but changed its mind and issued a new decision in her favor after her lawyer,
139:
The military may not deprive
American civilians of their Bill of Rights protections by trying them in a military tribunal.
75:
378:
194:
335:, at an airbase in England. At the time of her alleged offense, an executive agreement was in effect between the
304:
787:"The Case of the Murdering Wives: Reid v. Covert and the Complicated Question of Civilians and Courts-Martial"
943:
438:
409:
280:
463:
425:
296:
816:
377:
The Court found it unconstitutional to adjudge U.S. citizen civilians in military courts, under the
351:
206:
437:
a civilian. To do so would deprive an individual of all the safeguards of the
Constitution and
363:
198:
903:
918:
679:
656:
633:
607:
584:
561:
480:
284:
106:
701:. New York City, New York, United States of America: Facts onf File, Inc. pp. 464–466.
878:
8:
496:
308:
38:
682:
659:
636:
610:
37:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
735:. New York City, New York, United States of America: Facts onf File, Inc. p. 465.
587:
564:
455:
312:
182:
174:
925:
934:
736:
702:
324:
292:
170:
488:
728:
694:
109:
340:
866:"The Treaty Making Power and the Extraterritorial Effect of the Constitution:
964:
763:
434:
390:
362:
The Court found: "No agreement with a foreign nation can confer power on the
336:
300:
288:
344:
186:
412:. Harlan also explicitly stated that this power was not limited by either
154:
397:
162:
125:
952:
531:
121:
252:
Whittaker took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
898:
408:
was not unconstitutional, being an appropriate application of the
729:
Gary R. Hartman, Roy M. Mersky and Cindy L. Tate (May 14, 2014).
695:
Gary R. Hartman, Roy M. Mersky and Cindy L. Tate (May 14, 2014).
467:
323:
The case involved
Clarice B. Covert, who had been convicted by a
96:
Reid, Superintendent, District of
Columbia Jail v. Clarice Covert
23:
328:
70:
454:
Clarice Covert could not be retried. She eventually moved to
441:, as well as the protections of civil laws and protections.
303:. Additionally, a plurality of the Court also reaffirmed the
343:, which permitted US military courts to exercise exclusive
332:
401:
Constitution and undermine the basis of our government."
287:
civilians outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the
311:, though it held that such agreements cannot contradict
295:, but instead retain the protections guaranteed by the
347:
over offenses by U.S. servicemen or their dependents.
981:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
536:, The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law
512:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 354
458:, where she worked in the advertising department of
962:
784:
841:. Arizona Republic. May 14, 1992. p. 56
766:. Arizona Sun. February 29, 1960. p. 7
685: (1957) (Harlan, J., concurring)
662: (1957) (Harlan, J., concurring)
621:
619:
466:. She died on May 9, 1992, in Flagstaff,
462:newspaper and as an archaeologist at the
223:Black, joined by Warren, Douglas, Brennan
986:United States foreign relations case law
357:
963:
616:
863:
505:United States ex rel. Toth v. Quarles
58:1957 United States Supreme Court case
524:
307:ability to enter into international
17:
416:or the Fifth and Sixth amendments.
291:cannot be tried by a United States
13:
857:
819:. Museum of Northern Arizona. 1967
76:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
997:
976:United States Supreme Court cases
891:
897:
379:Uniform Code of Military Justice
69:
22:
921:1 (1957) is available from:
831:
809:
778:
756:
419:
331:her husband, a sergeant in the
275:, 354 U.S. 1 (1957), was a 6–2
971:1957 in United States case law
839:"Clarice B. Covert (obituary)"
722:
688:
665:
642:
593:
570:
547:
1:
517:
389:from the Insular Cases: The "
318:
35:about the dissenting opinion.
449:
374:constitutional protections.
7:
864:Green, Sedgwick W. (1958).
473:
428:and are accused of crimes.
410:Necessary and Proper Clause
281:United States Supreme Court
10:
1002:
953:Oyez (oral argument audio)
464:Museum of Northern Arizona
426:United States Armed Forces
297:United States Constitution
85:Reargued February 27, 1957
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133:
101:
91:
82:
68:
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785:Brittany Warren (2012).
352:Frederick Bernays Wiener
247:Clark, joined by Burton
817:"Photo Print Archives"
199:William J. Brennan Jr.
33:is missing information
481:Botiller v. Dominguez
315:or the Constitution.
285:United States citizen
87:Decided June 10, 1957
879:Minnesota Law Review
358:Opinion of the Court
309:executive agreements
207:Charles E. Whittaker
944:Library of Congress
791:Military Law Review
497:Kinsella v. Krueger
263:U.S. Const. Art. VI
456:Flagstaff, Arizona
175:William O. Douglas
159:Associate Justices
120:77 S. Ct. 1222; 1
83:Argued May 3, 1956
902:Works related to
764:"Purely Personal"
742:978-0-8160-2452-0
708:978-0-8160-2452-0
325:military tribunal
293:military tribunal
277:landmark decision
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195:John M. Harlan II
171:Felix Frankfurter
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47:December 2022
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31:This article
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843:. Retrieved
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821:. Retrieved
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799:. Retrieved
794:
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768:. Retrieved
758:
748:December 31,
746:. Retrieved
731:
724:
714:December 31,
712:. Retrieved
697:
690:
671:
667:
648:
644:
639: (1957).
625:
599:
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553:
549:
538:, retrieved
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420:Significance
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345:jurisdiction
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257:Laws applied
202:
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187:Tom C. Clark
178:
166:
113:
95:
44:
32:
15:
845:October 30,
823:October 30,
801:October 30,
770:October 30,
613: (1957)
590: (1957)
567: (1957)
460:Arizona Sun
414:Article III
313:federal law
305:president’s
236:Concurrence
231:Frankfurter
228:Concurrence
155:Earl Warren
124:1148; 1957
965:Categories
540:October 3,
518:References
319:Background
163:Hugo Black
126:U.S. LEXIS
797:: 133–193
450:Aftermath
329:murdering
220:Plurality
122:L. Ed. 2d
102:Citations
39:talk page
909:Text of
870:and the
474:See also
396:Justice
364:Congress
468:Arizona
279:of the
244:Dissent
134:Holding
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
935:Justia
932:
929:
923:
886:: 825.
872:Girard
739:
705:
674:,
651:,
628:,
602:,
579:,
556:,
508:(1955)
500:(1957)
492:(1957)
484:(1889)
443:Covert
430:Covert
406:per se
239:Harlan
205:
203:·
201:
193:
191:·
189:
181:
179:·
177:
169:
167:·
165:
917:
683:1, 76
678:
660:1, 73
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637:1, 14
632:
611:1, 23
606:
583:
560:
398:Black
919:U.S.
847:2021
825:2021
803:2021
772:2021
750:2020
737:ISBN
716:2020
703:ISBN
680:U.S.
657:U.S.
634:U.S.
608:U.S.
588:1, 8
585:U.S.
565:1, 2
562:U.S.
542:2018
387:Reid
370:and
339:and
333:USAF
115:more
107:U.S.
105:354
915:354
795:212
676:354
653:354
630:354
604:354
581:354
558:354
327:of
128:729
967::
913:,
884:42
882:.
876:.
793:.
789:.
618:^
470:.
381:.
874:"
849:.
827:.
805:.
774:.
752:.
718:.
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45:(
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