Earl Warren - Knowledge

2929:. Though initially reluctant to run, Warren announced his gubernatorial candidacy in April 1942. He cross-filed in the Democratic and Republican primaries, ran without a party label, and refused to endorse candidates running for other offices. He sought to attract voters regardless of party, and stated "I can and will support President Roosevelt better than Olson ever has or ever will." Many Democrats, including Olson, criticized Warren for "put on a cloak of nonpartisanship," but Warren's attempts to appear above parties resonated with many voters. In August, Warren easily won the Republican primary, and surprised many observers by nearly defeating Olson in the Democratic primary. In November, he decisively defeated Olson in the general election, taking just under 57 percent of the vote. Warren's victory immediately made him a figure with national stature, and he enjoyed good relations with both the conservative wing of the Republican Party, led by 3139:

Richard Nixon the vice presidency if he could swing the California delegation to Eisenhower. By the time of the convention, Nixon and his supporters had convinced most California delegates to switch their votes to Eisenhower after the first presidential ballot. Eisenhower won 595 votes on the first presidential ballot of the convention, just 9 short of the majority. Before the official end of the first ballot, several states shifted their votes to Eisenhower, giving him the nomination. Warren's decision to support a convention rule that unseated several contested delegations was critical to Eisenhower's victory; Eisenhower himself said that "if anyone ever clinched the nomination for me, it was Earl Warren." Nixon was named as Eisenhower's running mate, and Warren campaigned on behalf of the Republican ticket in fourteen different states. Ultimately, Eisenhower defeated Democratic nominee

3523: 4036: 2873:, and the internment was carried out by federal officials, Warren's advocacy played a major role in providing public justification for the internment. In particular, Warren had claimed that Japanese Americans had willfully infiltrated "every strategic spot" in California coastal and valley counties, had warned of potentially greater danger from American born ethnic Japanese than from first-generation immigrants, and asserted that although there were means to test the loyalty of a "Caucasian" that the same could not be said for ethnic Japanese. Warren further argued that the complete lack of disloyal acts among Japanese Americans in California to date indicated that they intended to commit such acts in the future. Later, Warren vigorously protested the return of released internees back into California. 2912: 3398:. Nonetheless, Warren won over Jackson, Frankfurter, and Clark, in part by allowing states and federal courts the flexibility to pursue desegregation of schools at different speeds. Warren extensively courted the last holdout, Reed, who finally agreed to join a unanimous verdict because he feared that a dissent would encourage resistance to the Court's holding. After the Supreme Court formally voted to hold that the segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, Warren drafted an eight-page outline from which his law clerks drafted an opinion, and the Court handed down its decision in May 1954. In the Deep South at the time, people could view signs claiming " 3198:, but Dewey declined the offer. He then considered either elevating a sitting Supreme Court justice or appointing another individual with judicial experience but ultimately chose to honor his promise to appoint Warren to the first Supreme Court vacancy. Explaining Warren's qualifications for the Court, Eisenhower wrote to his brother, "Warren has had seventeen years of practice in public law, during which his record was one of remarkable accomplishment and success.... He has been very definitely a liberal-conservative; he represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court." 4173: 533: 12044: 11364: 4485: 12260: 4251: 3287:

justice, Hugo Black, to preside over conferences until he became accustomed to the processes of the Court. However, Warren learned quickly and soon was in fact, as well as in name, the Court's chief justice. Warren's strength lay in his public gravitas, his leadership skills, and his firm belief that the Constitution guaranteed natural rights and that the Court had a unique role in protecting those rights. His arguments did not dominate judicial conferences, but Warren excelled at putting together coalitions and cajoling his colleagues in informal meetings.

2616:. After a trial that some in the press described as "the most sweeping exposé of graft in the history of the country," Warren won a conviction against Becker in 1930. When one of his own undercover agents admitted that he had perjured himself in order to win convictions in bootleg cases, Warren personally took charge of prosecuting the agent. Warren's efforts gained him national attention; a 1931 nationwide poll of law enforcement officials found that Warren was "the most intelligent and politically independent district attorney in the United States". 4591: 483: 4119: 4474: 2962:

for returning veterans. For example, his support of the Collier-Burns Act in 1947 raised gasoline taxes that funded a massive program of freeway construction. Unlike states where tolls or bonds funded highway construction, California's gasoline taxes were earmarked for building the system. Warren's support for the bill was crucial because his status as a popular governor strengthened his views, in contrast with opposition from trucking, oil, and gas lobbyists. The Collier-Burns Act helped influence passage of the

2950: 2545: 5453: 2041: 440: 5467: 5439: 2028: 13563: 12898: 3242: 13573: 2768: 2389: 10662: 3655: 3873:(1960), the Court struck down a redistricting plan designed to disenfranchise African-American voters, but many of the justices were reluctant to involve themselves further in redistricting. Frankfurter insisted that the Court should avoid the "political thicket" of apportionment and warned that the Court would never be able to find a clear formula to guide lower courts. Warren helped convince Associate Justice 51: 3166: 4362:, to Chief Justice Earl Warren, writing on the first free end page: "To: Justice Earl Warren. In appreciation for your genuine good-will, your great humanitarian concern, and your unswerving devotion to the sublime principles of our American democracy. With warm Regards, Martin L. King Jr." The book remained with Warren's family until 2015, when it was auctioned online for 4093:

compromised on a number of issues to get all the members to sign the final version. Although a reenactment of the assassination "produced convincing evidence" supporting the single-bullet theory, the Commission decided not to take a position on the single-bullet theory. The Commission unanimously concluded that the assassination was the result of a single individual,

3294:, Warren's philosophical foundations were the "eternal, rather bromidic, platitudes in which he sincerely believed" and "Warren's great strength was his simple belief in the things we now laugh at: motherhood, marriage, family, flag, and the like." The constitutional historian Melvin I. Urofsky concludes that "scholars agree that as a judge, Warren does not rank with 5425: 4164:. Warren later regretted his decision to retire and reflected, "If I had ever known what was going to happen to this country and this Court, I never would have resigned. They would have had to carry me out of there on a plank." In addition, he later remarked on his retirement and on the Warren Court, "I would like the Court to be remembered as the people's court." 5519:. Warren was recorded in the 1957 diary of Justice Harold Burton as confiding in Burton that " expressed disappointment at the trend of decisions of Chief Justice and Brennan." In 1961, when Eisenhower was asked whether he had made any major mistakes as president, the former president responded that "yes, two, and they are both sitting on the Supreme Court." 3108:, the Democratic nominee, Dewey ran a cautious campaign that largely focused on platitudes rather than issues. Warren campaigned across the country on behalf of the ticket, but was frustrated by his inability to support specific policies. To the surprise of many observers, Truman won the election, and this became the only election Warren ever lost. 3229:(who ironically would prove the most conservative members of the Warren Court) southern senators made no effort to block Warren. As of 2021, Warren is the most recent chief justice to have held statewide elected office at any point in his career and the most recent serving politician to be appointed Chief Justice. Warren was also the first 3538:. They became personally close after Kennedy was inaugurated. Warren later wrote that "no American during my long life ever set his sights higher for a better America or centered his attacks more accurately on the evils and shortcomings of our society than did ." In 1962, Frankfurter retired and was replaced by Kennedy appointee 5532:, which applies to state governments and has been used by the Court to incorporate the Bill of Rights. Some, including Douglas, favored the total incorporation of the Bill of Rights, but the Court has selectively incorporated various provisions of the Bill of Rights across numerous cases. The first major incorporation case was 3033:. As in 1942, Warren refused to endorse candidates for other offices, and he sought to portray himself as an effective, nonpartisan governor. Warren easily won the Republican primary for governor and, in a much closer vote, defeated Kenny in the Democratic primary. After winning both primaries, Warren endorsed Republican 4212:. On that same day, he was visited by Justices Brennan and Douglas, until 5:30 p.m. Warren could not resist asking his friends whether the Court would order President Nixon to release the sixty-four tapes demanded by the Watergate investigation. Both justices assured him that the court had voted unanimously in 2719:. Though the Warrens sent their children to Sunday school at a local Baptist church, Warren was not a regular churchgoer. In 1938, Warren's father, Matt, was murdered at the family home in Bakersfield; investigators never discovered the identity of the murderer. Warren and his family moved to the state capital of 3081:. Warren delivered the keynote address of the convention, in which he called for a more liberal Republican Party. Dewey asked Warren to serve as his running mate, but Warren was uninterested in the vice presidency and correctly believed that Dewey would be defeated by President Roosevelt in the 1944 election. 3104:, Warren attempted to position himself as a dark horse candidate who might emerge as a compromise nominee. However, Dewey won the nomination on the third ballot of the convention. Dewey once again asked Warren to serve as his running mate, and this time Warren agreed. Far ahead in the polls against President 2885:

Warren mentioned the faces of the children separated from their parents, he broke down in tears and the interview was temporarily halted. In 1974, shortly before his death, Warren privately confided to journalist and former internee Morse Saito that he greatly regretted his actions during the evacuation.

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to succeed Fortas. Republicans and Southern Democrats joined to scuttle Fortas's nomination. Their opposition centered on criticism of the Warren Court, including many decisions that had been handed down before Fortas joined the Court, as well as ethical concerns related to Fortas's paid speeches and

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After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, Warren volunteered for an officer training camp, but was rejected due to hemorrhoids. Still hoping to become an officer, Warren underwent a procedure to remove the hemorrhoids, but by the time he fully recovered from the operation the officer

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The Earl Warren Oral History Project, was inaugurated in 1969 to produce tape-recorded interviews with persons prominent in the arenas of politics, governmental administration, and criminal Justice during the Warren Era in California. Focusing on the years 1925-1953, the interviews were designed not

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in the 1968 presidential election and took office in January 1969. Though reluctant to be succeeded by a Nixon appointee, Warren declined to withdraw his letter of resignation. He believed that withdrawing the letter would be "a crass admission that he was resigning for political reasons." Nixon and

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By early 1944, Warren had come to regret his role in the internment of Japanese Americans, and he eventually approved of the federal government's decision to allow Japanese Americans to begin returning to California in December 1944. However, he long resisted any public expression of regret in spite

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for attending a communist meeting in Oakland. In 1936, Warren faced one of the most controversial cases of his career after George W. Alberts, the chief engineer of a freighter, was found dead. Warren believed that Alberts was murdered in a conspiracy orchestrated by radical left-wing union members,

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in which the provisions of the first ten amendments to the US Constitution were applied to the states. Warren saw the Bill of Rights as a codification of "the natural rights of man" against the government and believed that incorporation would bring the law "into harmony with moral principles." When

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As chief justice, Warren's most important prerogative was the power to assign opinions if he was in the majority. That power had a subtle but important role in shaping the Court's majority opinions, since different justices would write different opinions. Warren initially asked the senior associate

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led the opposing faction by agreeing the Court should defer to Congress in matters of economic policy but favored a more activist role for the courts in matters related to individual liberties. Warren's belief that the judiciary must seek to do justice placed him with the Black and Douglas faction.

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since deeply regretted the removal order and my own testimony advocating it, because it was not in keeping with our American concept of freedom and the rights of citizens... Whenever I thought of the innocent little children who were torn from home, school friends, and congenial surroundings, I was

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and appoint a conservative successor if Warren left the Court later. On 13 June 1968, Warren submitted his letter of resignation to President Johnson (who made it official on 21 June), effective upon the confirmation of a successor. In an election year, confirmation of a successor was not assured;

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applied only to schools, but soon, the Court enlarged the concept to other state actions by striking down racial classification in many areas. Warren compromised by agreeing to Frankfurter's demand for the Court to go slowly in implementing desegregation. Warren used Frankfurter's suggestion for a

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but ultimately chose to run after he had received a positive medical report after his heart attack. Despite that brief possibility, a split developed between Eisenhower and Warren, and some writers believe that Eisenhower once remarked that his appointment was "the biggest damn fool mistake I ever

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and planning. During World War II, he aggressively pursued postwar economic planning. Fearing another postwar decline that would rival the depression years, Governor Earl Warren initiated public works projects similar to those of the New Deal to capitalize on wartime tax surpluses and provide jobs

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Warren gained a statewide reputation as a tough, no-nonsense district attorney who fought corruption in government and ran his office in a nonpartisan manner. Warren strongly supported the autonomy of law enforcement agencies, but also believed that police and prosecutors had to act fairly. Unlike

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The Warren Commission was an unhappy experience for the chief justice. As Willens recalled, "One can't say too much about the Chief's sacrifice. The work was a drain on his physical well-being." However, Warren always believed that the Commission's primary conclusion, that Oswald acted alone, was

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Michael Joseph Kelly sought to unseat him. Warren rejected political contributions and largely self-funded his campaign, leaving him at a financial disadvantage to Kelly's preferred candidate, Preston Higgins. Nonetheless, Warren won a landslide victory over Higgins, taking over two-thirds of the

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The right to vote freely for the candidate of one's choice is of the essence of a democratic society, and any restrictions on that right strike at the heart of representative government. And the right of suffrage can be denied by a debasement or dilution of the weight of a citizen's vote just as

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minister and his wife, and her family had migrated to the United States when she was an infant. On October 4, 1925, shortly after Warren was appointed district attorney, Warren and Nina married. Their first child, Virginia, was born in 1928, and they had four more children: Earl Jr. (born 1930),

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did not mandate immediate school desegregation or bar other "separate but equal" institutions, most observers recognized that the decision marked the beginning of the end for the Jim Crow system. Throughout his years as chief justice, Warren succeeded in keeping decisions concerning segregation

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After the primaries, Warren had the support of 80 delegates, while Eisenhower and Taft each had about 450 delegates. Though the California delegation was pledged to support Warren, many of the delegates personally favored Eisenhower or Taft. Unknown to Warren, Eisenhower supporters had promised

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interview, Warren said that "I feel that everybody who had anything to do with the relocation of the Japanese, after it was all over, had something of a guilty consciousness about it, and wanted to show that it wasn't a racial thing as much as it was a defense matter". When during the interview

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magazine quoted Warren saying that, if he handled the Oswald case as a district attorney, "I could have gotten a conviction in two days and never heard about the case again." Warren wrote that "the facts of the assassination itself are simple, so simple that many people believe it must be more

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Warren closely supervised the drafting of the Commission's report. He wanted to ensure that Commission members had ample opportunity to evaluate the staff's work and to make their own judgments about important conclusions in the report. He insisted that the report should be unanimous and so he

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of the Freemasons for the state of California from 1935 to 1936. Biographer Jim Newton says that Warren "thrived in the Masons because he shared their ideals, but those ideals also helped shape him, nurturing his commitment to service, deepening his conviction that society's problems were best

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Eisenhower biographer Jean Edward Smith concluded in 2012 that "Eisenhower never said that. I have no evidence that he ever made such a statement." Nonetheless, Eisenhower privately expressed his displeasure regarding some of Warren's decisions, and Warren grew frustrated at Eisenhower's

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poll found that a plurality of Republican respondents favored Warren as the successor to Eisenhower, Warren publicly announced that he would not resign from the Court under any circumstance. Eisenhower seriously considered retiring after one term and encouraging Warren to run in the

2791:," whereby a candidate could file to run in multiple party primaries for the same office. Warren took advantage of that amendment and ran in multiple primaries. Even though he continued to serve as chairman of the state Republican Party until April 1938, Warren won the Republican, 3371:, the NAACP had won several incremental victories, but 17 states required the segregation of public schools by 1954. In 1951, the Vinson Court had begun hearing the NAACP's legal challenge to segregated school systems but had not rendered a decision when Warren took office. 4126:

By 1968, Warren was ready to retire from the Court. He hoped to travel the world with his wife, and he wanted to leave the bench before he suffered a mental decline, something that he perceived in both Hugo Black and William Douglas. He also feared that Nixon would win the

3053:, the Republican nominee for the Senate. Warren disliked what he saw as Nixon's ruthless approach to politics and was wary of having a conservative rival for leadership of the state party. Despite Warren's refusal to campaign for him, Nixon defeated Democratic nominee 3049:. Warren consistently led Roosevelt in general election polls and won re-election in a landslide, taking 65 percent of the vote. He was the first Governor of California elected to three consecutive terms. During the 1950 campaign, Warren refused to formally endorse 3885:

and so federal courts had jurisdiction over the issue. The opinion did not directly require Tennessee to implement redistricting but instead left it to a federal district court to determine whether Tennessee's districts violated the Constitution. In another case,

4431:. As for the legacy of the Warren Court, Chief Justice Burger, who succeeded Earl Warren in 1969, proved to be quite ineffective at consolidating conservative control over the Court, so the Warren Court legacy continued in many respects until about 1986, when 4070:, to recruit staff lawyers, supervise their investigation and publish the Commission's report. To avoid the confusion and duplication of parallel investigations, Warren convinced the Texas authorities to defer any local inquiry into the assassination. 3131:, whose conservative backers alleged that Warren had "abandoned Republicanism and embraced the objectives of the New Deal." After Eisenhower entered the race, Warren realized that his only hope of nomination was to emerge as a compromise nominee at the 2714:

through his daughter Virginia's marriage. Warren enjoyed a close relationship with his wife; one of their daughters later described it as "the most ideal relationship I could dream of." In 1935, the family moved to a seven-bedroom home just outside of

3924:," which had previously been articulated by Douglas. After the decision, the states reapportioned their legislatures quickly and with minimal troubles. Numerous commentators have concluded reapportionment was the Warren Court's great "success story." 4193:'s headquarters and the Nixon administration's subsequent attempts to cover up that break-in. Warren continued to hold Nixon in low regard, privately stating that Nixon was "perhaps the most despicable president that this country has ever had." 3919:

required that state legislative districts be apportioned on an equal basis: "legislators represent people, not trees or acres. Legislators are elected by voters, not farms or cities or economic interests." His holding upheld the principle of

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from 1943 to 1953, and is the last chief justice to have served in an elected office before nomination to the Supreme Court. Warren is generally considered to be one of the most influential Supreme Court justices and political leaders in the

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prohibits mandatory prayer in public school. The ruling sparked a strong backlash from many political and religious leaders, some of whom called for the impeachment of Warren. Warren became a favored target of right-wing groups, such as the

2436:. Earl Warren was the second of two children, after his older sister, Ethel. Earl did not receive a middle name; his father later commented that "when you were born I was too poor to give you a middle name." In 1896, the family resettled in 3942:(1963), Warren wrote the Court's majority opinion, which struck down local ordinances that prohibited restaurants from serving black and white individuals in the same room. Later that decade, the Court upheld the constitutionality of the 4051:, convinced Warren to serve as the head of a bipartisan commission tasked with investigating the assassination. From December 1963 to October 1964, Warren simultaneously served as chief justice of the United States and chairman of the 3563:

already applied to the states, but the vast majority of the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government. The Warren Court saw the incorporation of the remaining provisions of the First Amendment as well as all or part of the

2216:. As the 30th Governor of California, Warren presided over a period of major growth—for the state as well as the nation. Serving from 1943 to 1953, Warren is the only governor of California to be elected for three consecutive terms. 15429: 15424: 3044:

Though he considered retiring after two terms, Warren ultimately chose to seek re-election in 1950, partly to prevent Knight from succeeding him. He easily won the Republican primary, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by

3911:(1963), the chief justice wrote what biographer Ed Cray terms "the most influential of the 170 majority opinions would write." While eight of the nine justices had voted to require congressional districts of equal population in 2698:

After World War I, Warren lived with his sister and her husband in Oakland. In 1921, he met Nina Elisabeth Meyers (née Palmquist), a widowed, 28-year-old store manager with a three-year-old son. Nina had been born in Sweden to a

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has established "The Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Race, Ethnicity and Diversity", or "Warren Institute" for short, in memory of Earl Warren, while the "Warren Room" inside the Law Building was also named in his honor.

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After stepping down from the Court, Warren began working on his memoirs and took numerous speaking engagements. He also advocated for an end to the Vietnam War and the elimination of poverty. He avoided publicly criticizing the

4144:, which blocked the Senate from voting on the nomination, and Johnson withdrew the nomination. In early 1969, Warren learned that Fortas had made a secret lifetime contract for $ 20,000 a year to provide private legal advice to 3013:(1948). He also improved the hospital and prison systems. These reforms provided new services to a fast-growing population; the 1950 Census showed that California's population had grown by over 50% over the previous ten years. 4418:

who largely approve of the Court's overall legacy but believe that it went too far in making policy in some cases. Driver offers a fourth view, arguing that the Warren Court took overly conservative stances in such cases as

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Warren frequently clashed with Governor Culbert Olson over various issues, partly because they belonged to different parties. As early as 1939, supporters of Warren began making plans for his candidacy in California's

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in 1969. The Warren Court's rulings have received criticism, but have received widespread support and acclamation from both liberals and conservatives. As yet, few of the Court's decisions have been overturned.

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The Extraordinary Catalog of Peculiar Inventions: The Curious World of the Demoulin Brothers and Their Fraternal Lodge Prank Machines - from Human Centipedes and Revolving Goats to ElectricCarpets and SmokingC

4089:'s insistence, Warren handled the unwelcome task of reviewing the autopsy photos alone. Because the photos were so gruesome, Warren decided that they should not be included in the Commission's records. 2467:

of Wisconsin. While at Berkeley, Warren was little more than an average student who earned decent but undistinguished grades and after his third year, he entered the school's Department of Jurisprudence (now

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Warren jointly agreed that Warren would retire in June 1969 to ensure that the Court would have a chief justice throughout the 1968 term and to allow Nixon to focus on other matters in the first months of

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became the intellectual leader of the activist faction after he was appointed to the court by Eisenhower in 1956 and complemented Warren's political skills by the strong legal skills that Warren lacked.

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correct. In his memoirs, Warren wrote that Oswald was incapable of being the key operative in a conspiracy, and that any high-level government conspiracy would inevitably have been discovered.

3689:, the criminal procedure cases, and the persistent criticism of conservative politicians like Goldwater and Nixon contributed to a decline in the Court's popularity in the mid- and the late 1960s. 2858:

in December 1941. Following the attack, Warren organized the state's civilian defense program, warning in January 1942 that "the Japanese situation as it exists in this state today may well be the

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hit the San Francisco Bay area hard in the 1930s, leading to high levels of unemployment and a destabilization of the political order. Warren took a hard stance against labor in the buildup to the

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for the release of the tapes. Relieved, Warren died just a few hours later, safe in the knowledge that the Court he had so loved would force justice on the man who had been his most bitter foe.

18261: 3641:. When his law clerks asked why he dissented in the case, Warren stated, "Boys, it's the American flag. I'm just not going to vote in favor of burning the American flag." In the 1969 case of 2568:, Warren was appointed as the clerk of the Assembly Judiciary Committee. After a brief stint as a deputy city attorney for Oakland, in 1920 Warren was hired as a deputy district attorney for 10452:

only to document the life of Chief Justice Warren "but to gain new information on the social and political changes of a state in the throes of a depression, then a war, then a postwar boom".

3041:'s candidacy for lieutenant governor. Warren won the general election by an overwhelming margin, becoming the first Governor of California since Hiram Johnson in 1914 to win a second term. 8460: 18241: 12929: 6158: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 9092: 4077:, and was widely criticized for telling the press that, although her testimony would be publicly disclosed, "it might not be in your lifetime." He attended the closed-door interview of 4058:

At the start of the investigation, Warren decided to hire the commission's legal staff from outside the government to avoid any improper influence on their work. Warren appointed

16999: 16519: 16082: 3298:, Black, or Brennan in terms of jurisprudence. His opinions were not always clearly written, and his legal logic was often muddled." Other scholars have also reached this conclusion. 2572:. By the end of 1924, Warren had become the most senior person in the department outside of the district attorney, Ezra Decoto. Though many of his professional colleagues supported 11334: 11126: 11142: 11110: 6488: 4301:

cited Earl Warren as the 29th most influential person in the history of the United States and the second most influential Chief Justice, after John Marshall. In September 2018,

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provides one example of the disparity in populations. In 1961, one member of the Vermont General Assembly represented 33,000 people, and another member represented 49 people.

3607:. Fortas's majority opinion noted that students did not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." The Court's holding in 15453: 11318: 11302: 11286: 11254: 11206: 5495: 3160: 2243:. After Eisenhower won election as president, he appointed Warren as Chief Justice. A series of rulings made by the Warren Court in the 1950s helped lead to the decline of 11270: 11222: 11190: 11174: 11158: 9381: 3788:, Warren wrote the majority opinion, which established a right to counsel for every criminal suspect and required police to give criminal suspects what became known as a " 10581:

Smemo, Kristoffer (2005). "The Little People's Century: Industrial Pluralism, Economic Development, and the Emergence of Liberal Republicanism in California, 1942-1946".

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in which the Supreme Court had held that Congress could not regulate racial discrimination by private businesses. The Court upheld another landmark civil rights act, the

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By 1946, California's economy was booming, Warren was widely popular, and he enjoyed excellent relations with the state's top Democratic officeholder, Attorney General

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wrote: "Although Warren was an important and courageous figure and although he inspired passionate devotion among his followers...he was a dull man and a dull judge."

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Meanwhile, many Southern politicians expressed outrage at the Court's decisions and promised to resist any federal attempt to force desegregation, a strategy known as

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Warren saw the US Constitution as the embodiment of American values, and he cared deeply about the ethical implications of the Court's rulings. According to Justice

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Warren is generally considered to be one of the most influential U.S. Supreme Court justices, as well as political leaders in the history of the United States. The

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While continuing to serve as the district attorney of Alameda County, Warren emerged as leader of the state Republican Party. He served as the county chairman for

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Once elected, he organized state law enforcement officials into regions and led a statewide anti-crime effort. One of his major initiatives was to crack down on

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Amendments. The Warren Court also handed down numerous other important decisions regarding the Bill of Rights, especially in the field of criminal procedure.

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policies. In 1934, Warren became chairman of the state Republican Party and he took a leading public role in opposing the gubernatorial candidacy of Democrat

2584:. That same year, Warren made his first foray into electoral politics, serving as the campaign manager for his friend, Republican Assemblyman Frank Anderson. 17413: 16961: 16481: 3971: 6586: 2795:, and, crucially, Democratic primaries for attorney general. He faced no serious opposition in the 1938 elections, even while incumbent Republican Governor 2759:

addressed by small groups of enlightened, well-meaning citizens. Those ideals knitted together Warren's Progressivism, his Republicanism, and his Masonry."

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By the early 1950s, Warren had become personally convinced that segregation was morally wrong and legally indefensible. Warren sought not only to overturn

2754:. Each one introduced Warren to new friends and political connections. He rose through the ranks in the Masons, culminating in his election in 1935 as the 2599:

Republicans, Warren was appointed as the Alameda County district attorney in 1925. Warren faced a tough re-election campaign in 1926, as local Republican

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Johnson nominated Associate Justice Fortas, a personal friend and adviser to the president, as Warren's successor, and nominated federal appellate judge

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after Warren announced his retirement, about half of the Senate Republican caucus pledged to oppose any Supreme Court appointment prior to the election.

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received a strong backlash from law enforcement and political leaders. Conservatives angrily denounced what they called the "handcuffing of the police."

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In the early 1960s, the Court increasingly turned its attention to criminal procedure, which had traditionally been primarily a domain of the states. In

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attacked the Warren Court's rulings as inappropriate and have called for courts to be deferential to the elected political branches. In his 1977 book

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in San Francisco. Warren disliked working at the company and was disgusted by the corruption he saw in San Francisco, so he took a position with the

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was limited to criminal suspects who had an attorney at the time of their arrest and requested to speak with that counsel. In the landmark case of

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In late 1918, Warren returned to Oakland, where he accepted a position as the legislative assistant to Leon E. Gray, a newly elected member of the

1673: 9174: 2999:(1947), Governor Warren signed legislation ending the segregation of American Indians and Asians. He sought the creation of a commission to study 18156: 16024: 15904: 13684: 13631: 8141: 5321: 4073:

Warren was personally involved in several aspects of the investigation. He supervised four days of testimony by Lee Harvey Oswald's widow,

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but also to have a unanimous verdict. Warren, Black, Douglas, Burton, and Minton supported overturning the precedent, but for different reasons,

3346: 1685: 4519:. An extensive collection of Warren's papers, including case files from his Supreme Court service, is located at the Manuscript Division of the 2704:

Dorothy (born 1931), Nina Elisabeth (born 1933), and Robert (born 1935). Warren also adopted Nina's son, James. Warren was the father-in-law of

18036: 17755: 16460: 15773: 13602: 10356: 8311: 8133: 4813: 3778:(1964), the Court held that the Sixth Amendment guarantees criminal suspects the right to speak to their counsel during police interrogations. 2577: 4085:

in Dallas, where he visited the book depository. Warren also participated in the investigation of Kennedy's medical treatment and autopsy. At

3522: 18226: 18146: 17451: 15329: 12683: 4780: 3948: 3757:(1962), the Court held that the Sixth Amendment required states to furnish publicly funded attorneys to all criminal defendants accused of a 3124: 3074: 2375:, which had banned or otherwise regulated interracial marriage. Warren announced his retirement in 1968 and was succeeded by Appellate Judge 2269: 4160:. Nixon did not solicit Warren's opinion regarding the next chief justice and ultimately appointed the conservative federal appellate judge 4035: 18191: 17713: 17131: 17043: 16648: 16563: 16198: 16128: 14453: 14433: 14413: 14393: 14373: 14353: 14333: 14313: 14293: 14273: 14253: 14233: 14213: 14193: 14173: 14153: 14133: 14113: 14093: 14073: 14053: 14033: 14013: 13993: 13973: 13953: 13933: 13913: 13893: 13576: 13472: 12652: 3984: 3517: 3311: 2372: 18216: 18166: 18151: 15861: 15749: 13212: 13152: 12642: 8175: 4399:

in a way contrary to the original intent of its draftsmen and framers in order to achieve results that it found desirable as a matter of

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reporting negatively. The Senate would then confirm Warren's appointment by acclamation in March 1954; unlike the future appointments of

3077:. Warren won the California primary with no opposition, but Thomas Dewey clinched the party's presidential nomination by the time of the 8782: 2854:

tendencies of many Republicans and supported Roosevelt's rearmament campaign. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese

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Douglass, John Aubrey (2000). "Earl Warren's New Deal: Economic Transition, Postwar Planning, and Higher Education in California".

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into a full-time office; previous officeholders had worked part-time while maintaining their own private practice. After incumbent

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named Warren as "the 20th century's most consequential American jurist" and one of "the 20th century's greatest liberal jurists".

4148:, a friend and financier in deep legal trouble. Warren immediately asked Fortas to resign, which he did after some consideration. 3915:, some of the justices were reluctant to require state legislative districts to be of equal population. Warren indicated that the 18276: 17338: 17259: 16900: 16842: 16705: 15866: 15075: 14920: 14472: 13720: 13542: 13442: 12657: 8743: 5237: 5045: 4960: 4833: 4624: 3350: 3183: 2990: 2743: 2252: 2205: 2141: 2072: 1755: 1679: 1667: 3143:, taking 55 percent of the national popular vote. Nixon resigned from the Senate to become vice president, and Warren appointed 17691: 16442: 16004: 15984: 15759: 15508: 13522: 13512: 13432: 12549: 10926: 10863: 10859: 10855: 8187: 6565: 4406:

Overall, law professor Justin Driver divides interpretations of the Warren Court into three main groups: conservatives such as

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was most influenced by his past experiences as a district attorney. Unlike many of the other Warren Court decisions, including

3187: 3026: 2926: 2325:(1964) established that all state legislative districts must be of roughly equal population size, while the Court's holding in 2109: 2007: 569: 12907: 9217:"Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Race, Ethnicity and Diversity at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law" 4324:

in relation to its ultimate intent. He sensed the call of the times-and he rose to the call." Supreme Court Associate Justice

4185:, but was privately distressed by the Court's increasingly conservative holdings. He closely followed investigations into the 2642:. Many union members argued that the defendants had been framed by Warren's office, and they organized protests of the trial. 18161: 18121: 17927: 16029: 15926: 15739: 13502: 12494: 12158: 10332: 10265: 10257: 10218: 9971: 9952: 9933: 8287: 8109: 7829: 4320:

in 1970, "he Warren record as Chief Justice has stamped him in the annals of history as the man who read and interpreted the

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closeness with Johnson. Though the majority of the Senate may have favored the confirmation of Fortas, opponents conducted a

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broke out in Europe in 1939, foreign policy became an increasingly important issue in the United States; Warren rejected the

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of the company before being sent to a three-month officer training course. After he returned to the company in May 1918 as a

2412:, in 1864, and he and his family migrated to the United States in 1866. Crystal, whose maiden name was Hernlund, was born in 1987: 7370:

Anecdotes are dangerous to biographers and truth Mistakes: When essential little stories are distorted, vast damage is done.

6001: 3414:, Warren fully established himself as the leader of the Court. He also remained a nationally prominent figure. After a 1955 2670:. Warren earned national notoriety in 1936 for leading a successful campaign to elect a slate of unpledged delegates to the 18251: 17974: 13636: 7059: 4226: 8868: 8827: 8623: 3735:

that had allowed federal officials to use evidence that had been illegally gathered by state officials. The next year, in

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President Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Chief Justice Earl Warren, and Nina Elisabeth Meyers (Warren's wife), November 1963

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in the broad sweep of United States history". According to biographer Ed Cray, Warren was "second in greatness only to

4204:

in Washington, D.C., at 8:10 p.m. on July 9, 1974, at the age of 83. He had been hospitalized since July 2 due to

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On Democracy's Doorstep: The Inside Story of How the Supreme Court Brought "One Person, One Vote" to the United States

5528:

The original Bill of Rights did not apply to the states, but the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, contains the

2814:. Warren continued many of the policies from his predecessor Ulysses S. Webb's four decades in office. These included 17444: 15911: 15703: 15185: 14538: 14502: 10571: 10168: 10149: 9302: 8397: 8215: 5963: 4378: 3453:

that segregated buses are unconstitutional. Two years later, Warren assigned Brennan to write the Court's opinion in

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After the 1952 election, President-elect Eisenhower promised that he would appoint Warren to the next vacancy on the

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Warren modernized the office of governor, and state government generally. Like most progressives, Warren believed in

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by allowing nonreligious individuals with ethical objections to claim conscientious objector status. Another case,

3003:, but his plan was blocked by Republicans in the state legislature. Governor Warren stopped enforcing California's 2863: 2739: 2609: 2404:, on March 19, 1891, to Matt Warren and his wife, Crystal. Matt, whose original family name was Vaare, was born in 2209: 2193: 2181: 2145: 1838: 1642: 374: 17663: 3554:

The 1960s marked a major shift in constitutional interpretation, as the Warren Court continued the process of the

2440:, where Warren grew up. Though not an exceptional student, Warren graduated from Kern County High School in 1908. 15754: 15668: 15633: 14586: 14544: 14520: 14514: 12954: 12647: 9414: 8715: 7897: 4462: 4004: 3855:

In 1959, several residents dissatisfied with Tennessee's legislative districts brought suit against the state in

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died. To fill the critical position of chief justice, Eisenhower first offered the position of chief justice to

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After his election as governor, Warren emerged as a potential candidate for president or vice president in the

2970:, but he was unable to pass his plan due to opposition from the medical and business communities. In 1945, the 2823: 2776: 2185: 1783: 697: 552: 12234: 10697: 10325:

History will prove us right : inside the Warren Commission report on the assassination of John F. Kennedy

9350: 7264:"Influence Without Impeachment: How the Impeach Earl Warren Movement Began, Faltered, But Avoided Irrelevance" 2549: 18136: 17841: 17496: 16977: 16497: 16060: 16039: 15713: 15673: 15663: 15658: 15638: 15583: 15558: 15015: 14550: 14484: 11043: 8495:

Ward, Artemus (2002). "An Extraconstitutional Arrangement: Lyndon Johnson and the Fall of the Warren Court".

6566:"Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on International Organization (April 25, 1945 – June 26, 1945)" 6295: 4504: 4230: 4190: 3714: 3509: 2553: 2497: 1793: 1788: 496: 18052: 7369: 2966:, setting a pattern for national highway construction. In the mid-1940s, Warren sought to implement a state 439: 18236: 18131: 17869: 17437: 15809: 15698: 15588: 15553: 15503: 15488: 14617: 14592: 14556: 14490: 10232: 9150: 7473: 4508: 3542:, which gave the liberal bloc a majority on the Court. Goldberg left the Court in 1965 but was replaced by 2792: 2297: 2154: 1926: 1750: 6665: 4221:

Warren had his wife and one of his daughters, Nina Elizabeth Brien, at his bedside when he died. After he

3731:(1960), Warren joined with the majority in striking down the "Silver Platter Doctrine," a loophole to the 3603:, the Court reversed the suspension of an eighth-grade student who wore a black armband in protest of the 17217: 16800: 16384: 16284: 16165: 15921: 15836: 15790: 15618: 15513: 15493: 14820: 14580: 14568: 14476: 12984: 12268: 11463: 10787: 9332: 8208:

Passion for truth : from finding JFK's single bullet to questioning Anita Hill to impeaching Clinton

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standard for libel against public officials, which has become an enduring part of constitutional law. In

3325: 2835: 2533: 2347:(1967) dramatically expanded the rights of police to seize evidence with a search warrant, reversing the 2114: 2065: 1823: 1647: 547: 364: 228: 175: 12244: 7039:

Kahn, Michael A. (1992). "Shattering the Myth about President Eisenhower's Supreme Court Appointments".

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Mitchell, Daniel J. B. (2003). "Earl Warren's California Health Insurance Plan: What Might Have Been".

9255: 9171: 4579: 4078: 3747:(1968) in which the Court established that police officers may frisk a criminal suspect if they have a 3647:, the Court held that governments cannot punish speech unless it is "directed to inciting or producing 3206: 2569: 2529: 2520:, to train draftees. Warren spent the rest of the war there and was discharged less than a month after 2455:

while Warren was attending college. Like many other students at Berkeley, Warren was influenced by the

2177: 1803: 745: 273: 7474:"UI Press | Robert M. Lichtman | The Supreme Court and McCarthy-Era Repression: One Hundred Decisions" 6666:

Wollenberg, Charles. "Mendez v. Westminster: Race, nationality and segregation in California schools."

6089:

Redeeming Whiteness in the Shadow of Internment: Earl Warren, Brown, and a Theory of Racial Redemption

3459:. Brennan held that state officials were legally bound to enforce the Court's desegregation ruling in 2787:. Earlier in the 20th century, progressives had passed a state constitutional amendment allowing for " 2775:

In 1934, Warren and his allies won passage of a state ballot measure that transformed the position of

2088:(March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American lawyer, politician, and jurist who served as the 30th 15979: 15683: 15648: 15603: 15593: 15578: 15568: 15533: 15498: 14574: 13158: 12720: 12204: 12067: 11699: 11028: 10460: 6631: 6300: 5148: 5078: 4912: 4678: 4672: 4656: 4585: 4535: 3967: 3116: 3069:. Seeking primarily to ensure his status as the most prominent Republican in California, he ran as a 3000: 2985:

Warren also pursued social legislation. He built up the state's higher education system based on the

2893:

conscience-stricken... t was wrong to react so impulsively, without positive evidence of disloyalty.

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When Warren was appointed, all of the other Supreme Court justices had been appointed by Presidents

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In the 1960s, the Warren Court handed down several landmark rulings that significantly transformed

2274: 1579: 672: 579: 12280: 12249: 3190:. In September 1953, before Warren's nomination as solicitor general was announced, Chief Justice 17864: 17377: 15653: 15608: 15548: 15523: 15478: 15245: 15140: 12337: 12219: 11883: 11871: 11565: 11559: 11457: 10681: 10406: 10400: 9511: 9124: 4650: 4643: 4633: 4606: 4516: 4410:

who attack the Court as "a legislator of policy...that was not theirs to make", liberals such as

4383: 4106:

complicated and conspiratorial to be true." Warren told the Commission staff not to worry about

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created standards that went far beyond anything that had been established by any of the states.

18042: 18005: 17905: 17739: 17391: 17367: 17221: 16929: 16804: 16288: 15831: 15563: 15528: 15120: 15090: 13888: 13188: 13108: 13098: 13088: 12937: 12434: 12381: 12330: 12325: 12315: 12174: 11945: 11877: 11749: 11427: 11217: 10991: 10921: 10850: 10720: 8969:"Hake's - MARTIN LUTHER KING JR'S FIRST BOOK SIGNED AND INSCRIBED TO CHIEF JUSTICE EARL WARREN" 4756: 4575: 4512: 4353: 4214: 4209: 3869: 3476: 3446: 3338: 3279: 3111:

After his 1950 re-election, Warren decided that he would seek the Republican nomination in the

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as one of the three most important chief justices in the nation's history." In December 2006,

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himself in the eyes of most impartial students of the Court as well as the Court's critics."

4316: 4222: 3957: 3933: 3896:, which granted disproportional power to rural counties in party primaries. In a third case, 3054: 2995: 2967: 2724: 2659: 2629: 2464: 2420:; she and her family migrated to the United States when she was an infant. After marrying in 2319:

to suspects taken into police custody that advises them of their constitutional protections.

2278: 2259:, the Warren Court continued to issue rulings that helped bring an end to the segregationist 1867: 1848: 1715: 1695: 1584: 1451: 1331: 1301: 1028: 838: 750: 667: 9886: 9836: 9811: 9786: 9686: 9661: 9561: 9536: 9230: 2888:

In his posthumously published memoirs, Warren fully acknowledged his error, stating that he

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Wasby, Stephen L. (July 1993). "Civil Rights and the Supreme Court: A Return of the Past".

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Governor Warren meets a young "gold miner" as part of the California centennials, 1948–1950

2755: 2747: 2302: 2240: 2045: 1574: 1231: 998: 770: 677: 642: 563: 86: 17459: 12194: 12043: 11363: 10449:. Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. 9436: 4172: 3765:, criminal defendants had been guaranteed the right to counsel only in federal trials and 3029:, but Kenny was reluctant to criticize his opponent and was distracted by his role in the 2750:(obtained the Pilgrim Degree of Merit, the highest award given in the fraternity) and the 8: 18033: 17874: 17752: 17580: 17198: 17178: 17085: 16612: 16297: 15899: 15110: 14848: 13880: 13867: 13763: 13646: 13178: 13148: 13138: 12815: 12509: 12479: 12344: 12132: 12112: 11975: 11925: 11811: 11799: 11737: 11731: 11711: 11553: 11229: 10691: 10008: 7994: 7411: 7008: 5291: 4720: 4614: 4594: 4520: 3898: 3643: 3480:, which struck down laws designed to suppress communists and later led to the decline of 3467: 3391: 2958: 2811: 2710: 2429: 2327: 2180:

in 1920 and was appointed district attorney in 1925. He emerged as a leader of the state

2173: 1968: 1954: 1808: 1760: 1705: 1569: 1549: 1336: 1043: 898: 858: 647: 637: 557: 141: 8800: 8184:, p. 30, citing Warren Commission, Executive Session Transcript, Dec. 6, 1963, at 14-18. 7057:

Schmidhauser, John Richard; ‘The Justices of the Supreme Court: A Collective Portrait’;

4250: 4039:

Earl Warren presents the Commission's report to President Johnson on September 24, 1964.

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became chief justice and took firmer control of the agenda. Even the more conservative

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liberal Democrats. Nonetheless, they disagreed about the role that courts should play.

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How Earl Warren Previewed Today's Civil Liberties Debate - And Got It Right in the End

5208:/Earl Warren (R) – 21,991,292 (45.1%) and 189 electoral votes (16 states carried) 18028: 18015: 17992: 17941: 17771: 17707: 17646: 17615: 17572: 17536: 17356: 17319: 17248: 17230: 16813: 16720: 16695: 16607: 16326: 16265: 16154: 15941: 15275: 15250: 15230: 15180: 15155: 15135: 15125: 15085: 15060: 14962: 14860: 14723: 14711: 14699: 14681: 14645: 14508: 14284: 14264: 14248: 14228: 14148: 14028: 13924: 13815: 13802: 13780: 13776: 13702: 13448: 13398: 13338: 13238: 13128: 13018: 12881: 12840: 12835: 12780: 12725: 12604: 12554: 12499: 12388: 12090: 12017: 11939: 11932: 11913: 11841: 11817: 11767: 11673: 11667: 11643: 11607: 11517: 11511: 11325: 10730: 10642: 10611: 10567: 10554: 10513: 10494: 10429: 10410: 10381: 10374: 10338: 10328: 10310: 10288: 10261: 10253: 10242: 10214: 10208: 10164: 10145: 10126: 10119: 10103: 10080: 9967: 9948: 9929: 8928: 8751: 8403: 8393: 8293: 8283: 8221: 8211: 8115: 8105: 7926: 7825: 7285: 6652: 6399: 6359: 6331: 6267: 6239: 5959: 5791: 5444: 5407: 5376: 5297: 5160: 5027: 4870: 4432: 4283: 4186: 4094: 4086: 4063: 4052: 4048: 4030: 3921: 3732: 3383: 3379: 3262: 3218: 3097: 3093: 3084:

After his 1946 re-election victory, Warren began planning a run for president in the

2993:. After federal courts declared the segregation of Mexican schoolchildren illegal in 2859: 2705: 2588: 2513: 2448: 2332: 2300:, making the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state and local governments. 2137: 2105: 2032: 1609: 1594: 1446: 1306: 1276: 1058: 868: 652: 627: 269: 8994:"First Edition MLK Book Belonging to Earl Warren Leads $ 1.2M Pop Collectibles Sale" 8210:. Robbins, Charles. (1st Perennial ed.). New York: Perennial. pp. 106–08. 3938:

Civil rights continued to be a major issue facing the Warren Court in the 1960s. In

2822:

from Japanese owners. Warren, who was a member of the outspoken anti-Asian society

2608:

many other local law enforcement officials in the 1920s, Warren vigorously enforced

2306:(1963) established a criminal defendant's right to an attorney in felony cases, and 18065: 17997: 17933: 17588: 17549: 17521: 17269: 17168: 16852: 16823: 16617: 16596: 16373: 16344: 15304: 15299: 15210: 15130: 15105: 15095: 14968: 14878: 14741: 14717: 14669: 14633: 13948: 13884: 13871: 13841: 13828: 13750: 13737: 13298: 13268: 13208: 12870: 12845: 12770: 12489: 12449: 12059: 11853: 11687: 11309: 11117: 10824: 10734: 10666: 10590: 10542: 10469: 10187: 10053: 10017: 8002: 7906: 7419: 7275: 7013: 6640: 6497: 5430: 5285: 5225: 5199: 5154: 5072: 4774: 4590: 4547: 4349: 4161: 4136: 3907: 3846: 3793: 3700: 3489: 3450: 3415: 3214: 3128: 3088:. The two front-runners for the nomination were Dewey and Robert Taft, but Warren, 3034: 3030: 2827: 2728: 2716: 2473: 2376: 2358: 2343: 2321: 2232: 2120: 1912: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1266: 1221: 1196: 1141: 1106: 1063: 908: 903: 702: 632: 612: 486: 482: 427: 423: 353: 110: 12668: 12305: 11015: 8100:

Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. (Nicholas deBelleville), 1922-2012. (October 17, 2008).

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A number of governmental and educational institutions have been named for Warren:

4118: 4013:, the Court required the Georgia legislature to seat the newly elected legislator 3637:

in which the Court struck down a state law that prohibited the desecration of the

3025:. At the urging of state party leaders, Kenny agreed to run against Warren in the 17957: 17921: 17888: 17815: 17747: 17659: 17654: 17641: 17636: 17603: 17509: 17469: 17183: 17080: 16889: 16685: 16666: 16581: 16336: 16245: 15383: 15314: 15235: 15175: 15070: 15065: 15050: 15045: 15030: 14872: 14854: 14842: 14836: 14795: 14747: 14693: 14144: 14064: 14048: 14044: 14024: 13944: 13928: 13789: 13741: 13724: 13715: 13711: 13418: 13348: 13068: 13038: 13008: 12964: 12830: 12810: 12800: 12745: 12504: 12469: 12412: 12290: 12229: 12011: 11993: 11969: 11957: 11901: 11835: 11786: 11655: 11571: 11535: 11403: 11329: 11261: 11197: 11165: 11121: 10943: 10933: 10900: 10797: 10780: 10716: 10701: 9924:

Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court

9922: 9406: 9178: 5997: 5472: 5315: 5248: 5205: 5195: 5166: 5130: 5103: 5066: 5021: 5015: 4980: 4952: 4935: 4918: 4906: 4885: 4879: 4473: 4436: 4427: 4421: 4311: 4152: 3953: 3902:, the Court required states to draw congressional districts of equal population. 3888: 3789: 3682: 3664: 3539: 3535: 3484:. The Warren Court's decisions on those cases represented a major shift from the 3471: 3455: 3195: 3105: 3046: 3022: 2938: 2780: 2751: 2604:

vote. When he ran for re-election again in 1930, he faced only token opposition.

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since he had long regretted that the Court had not taken up the similar case of

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and deference to the policymaking prerogatives of the White House and Congress.

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while Warren was the governor of California. He played an important role in the

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Oral History Interview with Earl Warren, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

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The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions

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direction, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as

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Rawls, James J. (1987). "The Earl Warren Oral History Project: an Appraisal".

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Driver, Justin (2012). "The Constitutional Conservatism of the Warren Court".

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Gazell, James A. (September 1970). "One Man, One Vote: Its Long Germination".

6484:"Earl Warren's Fight for California's Freeways: Setting a Path for the Nation" 3363:

did not prohibit segregation in public institutions if the institutions were "

2982:

from April 25 to June 26, 1945, which resulted in the United Nations Charter.

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Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy

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Saito, Morse (June 3, 1974). "Warren 'Regrets' His Role in 1942 Evacuation".

6323: 4844: 4804: 4786: 4569: 4496: 4415: 4400: 4345: 4337: 4329: 4303: 4288: 4145: 4059: 4017:; members of the legislature had refused to seat Bond because he opposed the 4009: 3857: 3743: 3696: 3638: 3594: 3334: 3144: 3050: 2975: 2862:

of the entire civilian defense effort." He became a driving force behind the

2807: 2800: 2796: 2675: 2613: 2521: 2460: 2362: 2289: 2277:, a federal law that prohibits racial segregation in public institutions and 2260: 2213: 2012: 1961: 1933: 1466: 1461: 1356: 1256: 1226: 1096: 993: 978: 973: 963: 948: 938: 923: 873: 833: 765: 727: 687: 682: 196: 155: 10594: 8554:"Earl Warren, 83, Who Led High Court In Time of Vast Social Change, Is Dead" 8407: 8225: 7536: 5486:

List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)

4269:"Constitutional Revolution", which embodied a deep belief in equal justice, 17859: 17562: 17531: 16307: 16250: 15344: 15339: 15260: 15240: 15195: 15145: 15115: 15080: 15004: 14986: 14771: 14759: 14651: 14639: 14627: 14444: 14424: 14404: 13754: 13498: 13258: 13048: 12939:

Unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States

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accuses the Warren Court of overstepping its authority by interpreting the

4392: 4321: 4297: 4278: 4262: 4182: 3993: 3737: 3485: 3387: 3246: 3156: 3070: 2881: 2847: 2788: 2201: 2097: 1874: 1604: 1416: 1411: 1401: 1391: 1386: 1351: 1201: 1191: 1171: 1156: 1136: 1131: 1101: 1068: 1003: 958: 943: 863: 823: 602: 20: 12143: 10314: 9310: 6644: 2674:; he was motivated largely by his opposition to the influence of Governor 18060: 17702: 17685: 15363: 15358: 15349: 15334: 15309: 15295: 15160: 14956: 14866: 14765: 14663: 14384: 14368: 14364: 14348: 14328: 14204: 14188: 14168: 13508: 12860: 12850: 12624: 12609: 12599: 12564: 12559: 12444: 12214: 12199: 12122: 11999: 11895: 11637: 11523: 11499: 11469: 11265: 11185: 11169: 11153: 9057:"Government by Judiciary: The Transformation of the Fourteenth Amendment" 5979: 5565: 5327: 5202:(D) – 24,179,347 (49.6%) and 303 electoral votes (28 states carried) 4407: 4388: 4292: 4110:

and other criticism of the report because “history will prove us right.”

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effectively as by wholly prohibiting the free exercise of the franchise.

3792:" in which suspects are notified of their right to an attorney and their 3709: 3604: 3481: 2831: 2735: 2421: 2397: 2244: 2161: 1778: 1589: 1471: 1376: 1311: 1236: 1206: 1181: 1176: 1166: 1091: 1018: 988: 828: 692: 657: 607: 332: 12349: 12295: 10491:

Earl Warren and the Warren Court: The Legacy in American and Foreign Law

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Reclaiming history : the assassination of President John F. Kennedy

6511: 5466: 3796:. Warren incorporated some suggestions from Brennan, but his holding in 3589:, the Supreme Court reversed a libel conviction of the publisher of the 3186:

in the new administration, but in August 1953 he agreed to serve as the

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refrained from expressly overturning major Warren Court cases such as

4348:

described Warren as "the closest thing the United States has had to a

4062:

as general counsel and worked closely with Rankin and his assistants,

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An "Impeach Earl Warren sign", posted in San Francisco in October 1958

2686:, Warren campaigned on behalf of the unsuccessful Republican nominee, 17897: 17797: 17761: 17298: 16740: 14992: 14388: 14308: 13528: 13518: 13478: 12887: 12820: 12589: 12182: 11613: 11089: 10057: 9277: 9192:"Warren Hall (2195 Hearst Ave.) | Disability Access & Compliance" 6502: 6483: 5219: 4274: 4082: 3841: 3695:

had the Court strike down a state law designed to restrict access to

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reported him favorably by a 12–3 majority, with three southerners in

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Though the decision to intern Japanese Americans was made by General

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in an election upset. Warren sought the Republican nomination in the

2027: 1361: 1286: 1116: 800: 755: 584: 10473: 10191: 10142:

Super Chief: Earl Warren and His Supreme Court, A Judicial Biography

10021: 8196:, p. 60, citing The Baltimore Sun, "The Whole Truth", Feb. 5, 1964.. 8006: 7423: 6605:"Chief Justice Earl Warren Oral History Interview | Harry S. Truman" 6518: 5564:, Nixon resigned from office on August 9, 1974. He was succeeded by 2877:

of years of repeated requests from the Japanese American community.

17724: 16049: 15270: 14777: 14448: 14304: 14208: 13587: 13428: 11085: 10671: 9358: 5222:) – 1,175,930 (2.4%) and 39 electoral votes (4 states carried) 4122:

Chief Justice Warren swears in President Nixon on January 20, 1969.

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In 1967, Warren wrote the majority opinion in the landmark case of

3956:

empowered the federal government to prohibit racial segregation in

3837: 3445:) to include the phrase "all deliberate speed." In 1956, after the 2767: 2700: 2663: 2517: 2480:

without examination. After graduation, he took a position with the

2388: 1886: 1725: 1481: 785: 10405:. Vol. 4. New York : Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 7619: 6396:

Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps

6356:

Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps

6264:

Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps

6236:

Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps

2612:. In 1927, he launched a corruption investigation against Sheriff 2496:

as a private in August 1917, and was assigned to Company I of the

9812:"Our Campaigns - US President - R Convention Race - Jun 21, 1948" 9662:"Our Campaigns - CA US President - R Primary Race - May 16, 1944" 9537:"Our Campaigns - CA US President - R Primary Race - May 05, 1936" 8666: 7517: 6238:. New York: William Morrow & Company. pp. 30–31, 37–38. 4523:

in Washington, D.C. Most of the collection is open for research.

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that the suspect is committing or is about to commit a crime. In

3654: 2485: 2312:(1966) required police officers to give what became known as the 2192:. In that position he supported, and was a firm proponent of the 1216: 16798: 10564:

Eisenhower vs. Warren: The Battle for Civil Rights and Liberties

9887:"Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1952" 9787:"Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1948" 9687:"Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1944" 9562:"Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1936" 6451: 4189:, a major political scandal that stemmed from a break-in of the 2476:

degree in 1914. Like his classmates upon graduation, Warren was

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Soon after joining the Court, Warren presided over the case of

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United States federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Comedy Clip Earl Warren & Gracie Allen – November 15, 1952

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List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office

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postage stamp. In December 2007, Warren was inducted into the

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In the 1956 term, the Warren Court received condemnation from

50: 10719: (archived 2011-06-13). A speech by Earl Warren from the 9737:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor - D Primary Race - Jun 05, 1946" 9712:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor - R Primary Race - Jun 05, 1946" 9612:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor - D Primary Race - Aug 25, 1942" 9587:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor - R Primary Race - Aug 25, 1942" 8828:"The Warren Court: Completion of a Constitutional Revolution" 8531: 7727: 7566: 3330: 3165: 3161:

List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court

3123:

as the Republican presidential nominee. Warren ran in three

2838:, as well as one of the most influential judges of his time. 2638:

and he won the conviction of union officials George Wallace,

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after a deadlock between supporters of Eisenhower and Taft.

2292:, and other areas of the law. Many of the Court's decisions 18242:

Republican Party (United States) vice presidential nominees

17599:

Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)

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public schools and other institutions. In the 1896 case of

2451:

and became a member of the La Junta Club, which became the

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Candidates in the 1952 United States presidential election

18182:

Candidates in the 1948 United States presidential election

18177:

Candidates in the 1944 United States presidential election

18172:

Candidates in the 1936 United States presidential election

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The California Alien Land Law and the Fourteenth Amendment

5481:

List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

4534:, "Earl Warren Hall" is named after him. In addition, the 3600:

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

3530:

After the Republican Party nominated Richard Nixon in the

2864:

internment of over one hundred thousand Japanese Americans

2227:, but the ticket lost the election to incumbent President 8165: 8163: 7631: 7213:

Injustice for All: Mapp vs. Ohio and the Fourth Amendment

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United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court

1880: 10731:"Longines Chronoscope with Earl Warren (April 11, 1952)" 10639:

The Warren Court in Historical and Political Perspective

9104: 8654: 8595: 8583: 8571: 8519: 8507: 8476: 8464: 8148: 8081: 8069: 8057: 8045: 8033: 8021: 7969: 7945: 7933: 7876: 7799: 7787: 7775: 7763: 7751: 7715: 7703: 7691: 7679: 7667: 7655: 7643: 7602: 7578: 7554: 7450: 7386: 7374: 7308: 7296: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7138: 7126: 7090: 7066: 7006:"Vote Is 12 to 3: Senate Unit Backs Warren Nomination". 5605: 4414:

who strongly approve of the Court, and liberals such as

4328:

wrote, in the same article, "in my view will rank with

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like hotels. The ruling effectively overturned the 1883

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Hoping to become a trial lawyer, Warren enrolled in the

10698:

More information on Earl Warren and his Masonic Career.

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United Nations Conference on International Organization

10004:"Hail to the Chief: Earl Warren and the Supreme Court" 8888: 8886: 8689:"The 100 Most Influential Figures in American History" 8642: 8439: 8259: 8160: 6963: 6683: 6266:. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 38. 6200: 6068: 5849: 5713: 4314:

wrote in his tribute to Warren, which appeared in the

3819: 3707:

later provided an important precedent for the case of

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and struck down a state law that restricted access to

6668:

California Historical Quarterly 53.4 (1974): 317-332.

6056: 6044: 6020: 5909: 5897: 5861: 5837: 5825: 5813: 5801: 5773: 5761: 5737: 3534:, Warren privately supported the Democratic nominee, 3150: 30:"Justice Warren" redirects here. For other uses, see 12089: 9122: 9036: 8427: 7990:"Reapportionment: Success Story of the Warren Court" 7957: 7864: 7821:

The Supreme Court and American Political Development

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Warren was very active after 1919 in such groups as

2383: 16:

Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969

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Justice for All: Earl Warren and the Nation He Made

9928:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. 8883: 8744:"How America's Supreme Court became so politicised" 6939: 6671: 6424: 6412: 5921: 5885: 4968:

Earl Warren (R, D) (inc.) – 2,344,542 (91.64%)

4943:

Democratic primary for Governor of California, 1946

4926:

Republican primary for Governor of California, 1946

4798:

Democratic primary for Governor of California, 1942

4081:and insisted on participating in the deposition of 3987:. Warren was particularly pleased by the ruling in 3593:. In the majority opinion, Brennan articulated the 2841: 1799:

Americans United for Separation of Church and State

10603: 10529:"Chief Justice Earl Warren: Super Chief in Action" 10373: 10178:White, G. Edward (1981). "Earl Warren as Jurist". 10118: 10095: 9921: 8277: 8102:Some of it was fun : working with RFK and LBJ 7329:"Presidents, Picking Justices, Can Have Backfires" 6032: 5749: 5725: 5701: 3559:Warren took office, most of the provisions of the 3488:, which had generally upheld such laws during the 3341:had implemented Jim Crow laws in aftermath of the 17840: 12034:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States 10442: 10227: 9862:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor Race - Nov 07, 1950" 9762:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor Race - Nov 05, 1946" 9637:"Our Campaigns - CA Governor Race - Nov 03, 1942" 8672: 4507:posthumously in 1981. He was also honored by the 3651:and is likely to incite or produce such action." 3474:by handing down a series of decisions, including 3205:in October 1953. In the winter of 1953–1954, the 2783:announced his retirement, Warren jumped into the 2762: 2564:. Shortly after arriving in the state capital of 2492:training camp had closed. Warren enlisted in the 2447:after graduating from high school. He majored in 2176:. He was hired as a deputy district attorney for 2170:University of California, Berkeley, School of Law 18098: 10303:Warren, Earl (1959). Christman, Henry M. (ed.). 5794:A Curious Concurrence: Justice Brandeis' Vote in 5245:Earl Warren (R) (inc.) – 2,461,754 (64.85%) 4852:California Republican presidential primary, 1944 4695:California Republican presidential primary, 1936 2247:. Warren helped arrange a unanimous decision in 18117:1948 United States vice-presidential candidates 10161:The Warren Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy 8205: 7852:. Justia US Supreme Court Center. June 15, 1964 6293: 5515:unwillingness to support the Court publicly in 4196:Five years into retirement, Warren died due to 3060: 2989:and its vast network of small universities and 10306:The Public Papers of Chief Justice Earl Warren 9945:The Supreme Court Under Earl Warren, 1953–1969 7183:Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 9 4977:Archie Brown (Communist) – 22,606 (0.88%) 4265:has been recognized by many to have created a 3316: 2255:in public schools was unconstitutional. After 18272:Members of the American Philosophical Society 17445: 16993: 16513: 16076: 13603: 12923: 12684: 12159: 12075: 11044: 10443:Olney III, Warren; Brownell, Herbert (1981). 10399:. In Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.). 8869:"The Warren Court And The Pursuit Of Justice" 8282:(First ed.). New York. pp. 426–27. 6185:, 17 May 1983, B6. Retrieved October 3, 2017. 6133:"University of California: In Memoriam, 1985" 3949:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 3627:, saw the Court uphold a prohibition against 3405: 2539: 2459:, and he was especially affected by Governor 2270:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 2066: 10761: 9382:"History: Growing up and headed for college" 9172:Warren inducted into California Hall of Fame 6159:"Roger Traynor: Teacher, Jurist, and Friend" 4373:Warren's critics found him a boring person. 3492:. That same year, Warren was elected to the 3236: 2432:in 1889, where Matthias found work with the 18257:United States Army personnel of World War I 15862:National Republican Congressional Committee 12173: 10376:The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice 9149:. Smithsonian Postal Museum. Archived from 8921:"America's highest court needs term limits" 8136:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7824:. University Press of Kansas. p. 442. 7818:Kahn, Ronald; Kersch, Ken I., eds. (2006). 7181:Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). "Warren, Earl". 6316: 4356:sent one copy of his newly published book, 4000:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections 3100:each had significant support. Prior to the 2662:won that election, he attacked Roosevelt's 2633:(1927) Warren prosecuted a woman under the 17664:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984) 17452: 17438: 17000: 16986: 16520: 16506: 16083: 16069: 15952:High School Republican National Federation 13610: 13596: 13572: 12930: 12916: 12691: 12677: 12166: 12152: 12082: 12068: 11051: 11037: 10355:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10001: 9947:. The University of South Carolina Press. 9018: 8952: 8537: 8310:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8140:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 8132:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7817: 7195: 7168: 7084: 7051: 4949:Earl Warren (inc.) – 593,180 (51.93%) 4932:Earl Warren (inc.) – 774,302 (91.10%) 4605:In 1977, Fourth College, one of the seven 3881:, which held that redistricting was not a 3613:expanded those who could be classified as 3007:after it was declared unconstitutional in 2640:Earl King, Ernest Ramsay, and Frank Conner 2595:, a leader of the conservative faction of 2146:assassination of President John F. Kennedy 2104:, which has been recognized by many as a " 2073: 2059: 188:January 3, 1939 – January 4, 1943 131:January 4, 1943 – October 5, 1953 49: 10093: 9964:Chief Justice: A Biography of Earl Warren 9123:E. Joshua Rosenkranz (January 15, 2001). 8104:(First ed.). New York. p. 135. 7279: 7063:; vol. 3, no. 1 (February 1959), pp. 1-57 6501: 6344: 6092:, 40 Boston College Law Review 73 (1998). 4841:Earl Warren (R) – 1,275,237 (57.07%) 3257:or Harry Truman, and most were committed 2906: 2693: 18232:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 18222:Politicians from Bakersfield, California 18202:Republican Party governors of California 17014:1952 United States presidential election 16534:1948 United States presidential election 16097:1936 United States presidential election 16045:Timeline of modern American conservatism 15877:Republican Attorneys General Association 15872:National Republican Senatorial Committee 10708:Earl Warren's Eulogy for John F. Kennedy 10677:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges 10526: 10507: 10488: 10426:Earl Warren and the Struggle for Justice 10139: 10043: 9437:"Earl Warren Middle School - About EWMS" 9411:Panama-Buena Vista Union School District 9054: 8825: 8390:The memoirs of chief justice Earl Warren 6689: 6628: 6524: 6481: 6384: 6322: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6252: 6224: 5189:1948 United States presidential election 4589: 4483: 4472: 4249: 4245: 4171: 4167: 4117: 4034: 3653: 3521: 3518:History of the United States (1964–1980) 3312:History of the United States (1945–1964) 3240: 3164: 3016: 2948: 2910: 2766: 2543: 2387: 2100:presided over a major shift in American 1834:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 76:October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969 15867:National Republican Redistricting Trust 10721:Commonwealth Club of California Records 10636: 10371: 10323:Willens, Howard P. (October 31, 2013). 10322: 10158: 9942: 9919: 9907: 9030: 8866: 8713: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8548: 8546: 8445: 8336: 8324: 8265: 8238: 8193: 8181: 8169: 7541:American Academy of Arts & Sciences 7261: 7180: 7120: 7072: 6969: 6541:"Governors of California - Earl Warren" 5798:, 2005 Supreme Court Review 333 (2005). 5238:California gubernatorial election, 1950 4961:California gubernatorial election, 1946 4834:California gubernatorial election, 1942 4468: 4287:commented that "Mr. Warren ranked with 4281:. In July 1974, after Warren died, the 3877:to join Brennan's majority decision in 3761:and unable to afford counsel. Prior to 2744:Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 2708:, the host of the television game show 1756:Center for Budget and Policy Priorities 397: 18157:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 18099: 17568:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921) 15985:Republican National Coalition for Life 11382: 10694:Web Archives (archived 2001-11-27) 10302: 10280: 10238:The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court 10121:The Warren Court and American Politics 10072: 9980: 9379: 9077: 8963: 8961: 8907:The Warren Court and American Politics 8892: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8738: 8736: 8683: 8681: 8648: 8387: 7894: 7467: 7465: 7404: 7326: 6390: 6350: 6258: 6230: 6177:"Roger J. Traynor, California Justice" 6156: 6014: 5257:1952 Republican presidential primaries 4993:1948 Republican presidential primaries 4863:1944 Republican presidential primaries 4713:1936 Republican presidential primaries 3699:, and it established a constitutional 3233:to be appointed to the Supreme Court. 2206:1942 California gubernatorial election 2008:Modern liberalism in the United States 17433: 17215: 16981: 16797: 16501: 16282: 16064: 15927:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 13591: 12911: 12672: 12147: 12063: 11381: 11071: 11032: 11019: 10760: 10624: 10601: 10580: 10561: 10457: 10394: 10206: 10177: 9089: 8250: 7987: 7637: 7354: 7210: 7156: 7108: 6820: 6818: 6535: 6533: 6442: 6430: 6418: 6280: 6206: 6074: 6004:from the original on January 4, 2016. 5951: 5719: 5276:Earl Warren – 1,349,036 (17.30%) 5232:(Progressive) – 1,157,328 (2.4%) 4007:in state elections. In another case, 3983:in which the Court struck down state 3720: 3498:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 3410:In arranging a unanimous decision in 3182:. Warren turned down the position of 3147:to the Senate seat vacated by Nixon. 2935:moderate wing of the Republican Party 2645: 2392:Warren as a U.S. Army officer in 1918 18227:Politicians from Oakland, California 18147:American people of Norwegian descent 13617: 10423: 10116: 9961: 9417:from the original on January 6, 2014 9110: 9042: 8904: 8660: 8607: 8601: 8589: 8577: 8543: 8525: 8513: 8494: 8482: 8470: 8433: 8154: 8087: 8075: 8063: 8051: 8039: 8027: 7975: 7963: 7951: 7939: 7882: 7870: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7721: 7709: 7697: 7685: 7673: 7661: 7649: 7625: 7613: 7596: 7584: 7572: 7560: 7523: 7497: 7471: 7456: 7444: 7407:"The Warren Court and Desegregation" 7392: 7380: 7314: 7302: 7249: 7237: 7225: 7144: 7132: 7096: 7060:Midwest Journal of Political Science 7038: 7026: 6993: 6981: 6957: 6945: 6933: 6921: 6909: 6897: 6885: 6873: 6861: 6849: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6773: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6725: 6713: 6701: 6677: 6469: 6457: 6378: 6218: 6194: 6062: 6050: 6038: 6026: 5939: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5891: 5879: 5867: 5855: 5843: 5831: 5819: 5807: 5779: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5731: 5707: 5695: 5683: 5671: 5659: 5647: 5635: 5623: 5611: 5599: 5587: 5501: 4974:(Prohibition) – 180,579 (7.06%) 4857:Earl Warren – 594,439 (100.00%) 4684: 4227:United States Supreme Court Building 4176:Grave at Arlington National Cemetery 4024: 3679:1964 Republican presidential nominee 2866:without any charges or due process. 2785:1938 state attorney general election 2580:candidate Robert La Follette in the 2357:(1965) established a constitutional 23:. For the Wisconsin politician, see 19:For the saxophonist and singer, see 18192:Chief justices of the United States 17480:State funerals in the United States 10958:Vice President of the United States 10630:Earl Warren: A Great American Story 9258:. navaltoday.com. December 15, 2016 8958: 8769: 8733: 8707: 8678: 8278:Bugliosi, Vincent. (May 17, 2007). 8253:November 22, 1963: You Are the Jury 7491: 7462: 7405:Carter, Robert L. (December 1968). 7198:The Psychology of the Supreme Court 6169: 6150: 6125: 5385:1952 Republican National Convention 5348:1952 Republican National Convention 5175:1948 Republican National Convention 5096:1948 Republican National Convention 5000:Earl Warren – 771,295 (26.99%) 4876:Earl Warren – 594,439 (25.99%) 4810:Earl Warren – 404,778 (41.00%) 4765:Earl Warren – 635,230 (94.23%) 4738:Earl Warren – 350,917 (10.56%) 4701:Earl Warren – 350,917 (57.43%) 4621:at UCSD is also named in his honor. 4611:University of California, San Diego 4599:University of California, San Diego 4584:The Warren Freeway, the portion of 3820:Reapportionment (one man, one vote) 3556:incorporation of the Bill of Rights 3133:1952 Republican National Convention 3102:1948 Republican National Convention 3079:1944 Republican National Convention 2799:was defeated by Democratic nominee 2672:1936 Republican National Convention 2635:California Criminal Syndicalism Act 2488:law firm of Robinson and Robinson. 2263:that were prevalent throughout the 13: 18217:Military personnel from California 18167:California Republican Party chairs 18152:American people of Swedish descent 15970:Republican Main Street Partnership 12042: 11362: 11072: 11061:Supreme Court of the United States 10815:Chief Justice of the United States 10547:10.1111/j.1540-5818.1998.tb00128.x 10365: 10319:Speeches and decisions, 1946–1958. 10273: 9181:, California Museum, Accessed 2007 8867:Horwitz, Morton J. (Winter 1993). 8787:University of California, Berkeley 8780: 8714:Douthat, Ross (December 1, 2006). 7988:McKay, Robert B. (December 1968). 6815: 6530: 5986:from the original on May 10, 2008. 5183:Earl Warren – 1,094 (100.00%) 4847:(D) (inc.) – 932,995 (41.75%) 4619:Earl Warren Bill of Rights Project 4528:University of California, Berkeley 4479:University of California, Berkeley 3892:, the Court struck down Georgia's 3308:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower 3180:Supreme Court of the United States 3151:Chief Justice of the United States 2830:, who was then a law professor at 2532:until 1934, rising to the rank of 2445:University of California, Berkeley 2239:, but the party nominated General 2094:Chief Justice of the United States 2092:from 1943 to 1953 and as the 14th 420:University of California, Berkeley 64:Chief Justice of the United States 14: 18298: 18127:20th-century American politicians 15912:Congressional Hispanic Conference 10751:Biography Earl Warren (1891–1974) 10713:"California 1946," (Dec 21, 1945) 10656: 10510:The Warren Court: A Retrospective 10380:. Hill and Wang Critical Issues. 9462:"Home | Warren Elementary School" 9333:"Warren High - Home of the Bears" 9307:Earl Warren American Inn of Court 9125:"High Court's Misuse of the Past" 9093:National Political Science Review 7211:Zotti, Priscilla Machado (2005). 5952:Suits, Julia (November 1, 2011). 5792:David Skover and Ronald Collins, 4646:(the high school Warren attended) 3985:laws banning interracial marriage 3549: 3496:. In 1957, he was elected to the 3451:affirmed a lower court's decision 3265:led a faction that insisted upon 3125:Republican presidential primaries 2428:, Mathias and Crystal settled in 2384:Early life, family, and education 18247:UC Berkeley School of Law alumni 18212:Members of the Warren Commission 18207:Lawyers from Oakland, California 18197:District attorneys in California 18142:20th-century American memoirists 15882:Republican Governors Association 14421:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 13571: 13567:All vice presidential candidates 13562: 13561: 12896: 12258: 12091:Members of the Warren Commission 10733:is available for viewing at the 10641:. University of Virginia Press. 10534:Journal of Supreme Court History 10309:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 10287:. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. 9879: 9854: 9829: 9804: 9779: 9754: 9729: 9704: 9679: 9654: 9629: 9604: 9579: 9554: 9529: 9504: 9479: 9454: 9429: 9399: 9373: 9343: 9325: 9295: 9270: 9248: 9223: 9209: 9184: 9165: 9139: 9116: 9083: 9048: 8986: 8913: 8898: 8860: 8819: 8793: 8488: 8451: 8414: 8381: 8368: 8355: 8342: 8271: 8244: 8199: 8093: 7981: 7888: 7838: 7811: 7529: 7398: 7363: 7348: 7327:Purdum, Todd S. (July 5, 2005). 7320: 7268:Journal of Supreme Court History 7255: 7204: 7196:Wrightsman, Lawrence S. (2006). 7189: 7174: 7014:Washington, District of Columbia 5554: 5541: 5522: 5508: 5465: 5451: 5437: 5423: 4047:, the newly sworn-in president, 4045:assassination of John F. Kennedy 2915:Warren as Governor of California 2842:Internment of Japanese Americans 2740:Independent Order of Odd Fellows 2039: 2026: 1839:Southern Center for Human Rights 531: 481: 438: 18287:Liberalism in the United States 18083:: Presidents and chief justices 16741:States' Rights Democratic Party 12700:Attorneys General of California 11021:Articles related to Earl Warren 9487:"Earl Warren Elementary School" 9351:"About Us | Warren High School" 9256:"US SECNAV names three vessels" 7898:The Western Political Quarterly 7032: 7016:. February 25, 1954. p. 1. 6999: 6659: 6622: 6597: 6579: 6558: 6482:Mitchell, Daniel J. B. (2006). 6475: 6436: 6294:G. Edward White (Autumn 1979). 6110: 6095: 6080: 5990: 5972: 5945: 5785: 5051:Unpledged – 28,854 (1.01%) 4897:Unpledged – 87,834 (3.84%) 4677:The Earl Warren Showgrounds in 4671:Earl Warren Elementary School, 4574:The Earl Warren chapter of the 4463:2000 U.S. presidential election 3927: 3514:Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson 2964:Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 2453:Sigma Phi Society of California 1819:National Organization for Women 393: 32:Justice Warren (disambiguation) 18277:Bakersfield High School alumni 15975:Republican Majority for Choice 15803:Steering and Policy Committees 10889:Republican National Convention 10788:Attorney General of California 10002:Hutchinson, Dennis J. (1983). 9912: 8255:. Quadrangle. pp. 345–47. 7850:, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), at 555" 7041:Presidential Studies Quarterly 6107:, 16 Asian Am. L.J. 73 (2009). 4807:(inc.) – 513,244 (51.98%) 4202:Georgetown University Hospital 4003:(1966), the Court struck down 3586:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan 3494:American Philosophical Society 3359:, the Court had held that the 3173: 2824:Native Sons of the Golden West 2777:Attorney General of California 2763:Attorney General of California 2478:admitted to the California bar 2186:Attorney General of California 1784:American Civil Liberties Union 698:Separation of church and state 176:Attorney General of California 1: 16040:International Democracy Union 10663:Works by or about Earl Warren 10144:. New York University Press. 10046:Southern California Quarterly 9380:Hooper, Ken (June 28, 2013). 8873:Washington and Lee Law Review 8826:Swindler, William F. (1970). 8673:Woodward & Armstrong 1979 7628:, pp. 373–375, 405, 530. 7359:. Random House. p. 603N. 6489:Southern California Quarterly 5251:(D) – 1,333,856 (35.14%) 5127:Earl Warren – 59 (3.28%) 4690:Earl Warren electoral history 4505:Presidential Medal of Freedom 4231:Washington National Cathedral 4191:Democratic National Committee 4113: 3510:Presidency of John F. Kennedy 3037:'s U.S. Senate candidacy and 2816:eugenic forced sterilizations 2587:With the support of Governor 2554:Alameda County Superior Court 2552:, the main courthouse of the 2273:(1964), the Court upheld the 2194:forced removal and internment 2172:, he began a legal career in 1794:American Humanist Association 1789:American Constitution Society 18162:California attorneys general 18122:20th-century American judges 10094:Patterson, James T. (2001). 9278:"Contact Us - supreme_court" 9127:. Brennan Center for Justice 7526:, pp. 320–322, 329–333. 7262:Bethune, Brett (July 2022). 6527:, pp. 205–206, 219–222. 6460:, pp. 112–114, 124–125. 6122:, 35 Cal. L. Rev. 61 (1947). 5575: 4509:United States Postal Service 4503:Earl Warren was awarded the 3061:National politics, 1942–1952 2625:San Francisco General Strike 2208:, Warren defeated incumbent 2168:. After graduating from the 2155:history of the United States 2136:(1967). Warren also led the 2102:constitutional jurisprudence 1927:The Problem with Jon Stewart 1751:Center for American Progress 7: 18252:United States Army officers 15922:Republican Jewish Coalition 15837:Republican Governance Group 10725:Hoover Institution Archives 10583:Journal of American History 10512:. Oxford University Press. 10489:Scheiber, Harry N. (2006). 10372:Horwitz, Morton J. (1999). 10213:. Oxford University Press. 10159:Urofsky, Melvin I. (2001). 10102:. Oxford University Press. 9386:The Bakersfield Californian 9059:. Online Library of Liberty 8909:. Harvard University Press. 8905:Powe, Lucas A. Jr. (2002). 7357:Eisenhower in War and Peace 7355:Smith, Jean Edward (2012). 5416: 5090:Others – 5,939 (0.21%) 4649:Warren Junior High School, 4566:Supreme Court of California 4449:Brown v. Board of Education 4235:Arlington National Cemetery 3394:were reluctant to overturn 3333:'s legal challenge against 3326:Brown v. Board of Education 3318:Brown v. Board of Education 3027:1946 gubernatorial election 2944: 2927:1942 gubernatorial election 2919: 2836:chief justice of California 2810:operating off the coast of 2576:, Warren cast his vote for 2550:René C. Davidson Courthouse 2524:, following a promotion to 2516:, the regiment was sent to 2249:Brown v. Board of Education 2160:Warren was born in 1891 in 2144:that investigated the 1963 2115:Brown v. Board of Education 1824:People for the American Way 1733:Rhode Island Suffrage Party 1648:Democratic-Republican Party 365:Arlington National Cemetery 229:California Republican Party 10: 18303: 18282:Memoirists from California 18267:Members of the Odd Fellows 17850:Chestnut and Gibson (1998) 17790:Herbert C. Hoover Building 15842:Republican Study Committee 10704: (archived 2007-01-06) 10632:. New York: Prentice Hall. 10602:Smith, J. Douglas (2014). 10527:Schwartz, Bernard (1998). 10508:Schwartz, Bernard (1996). 10284:The Memoirs of Earl Warren 10210:Earl Warren, a Public Life 10140:Schwartz, Bernard (1983). 9920:Abraham, Henry J. (1992). 7911:10.1177/106591297002300301 6826:"Biography of Earl Warren" 6445:Hokubei Mainichi Newspaper 6328:Nisei: the Quiet Americans 5998:"U.S. Famous Master Mason" 5273: – 2,050,708 (26.30%) 5267: – 2,794,736 (35.84%) 4723: – 1,478,676 (44.48%) 4665:Warren Elementary School, 4580:Alameda County, California 4564:, the headquarters of the 4229:, his funeral was held at 4129:1968 presidential election 4028: 3952:. The Court held that the 3931: 3532:1960 presidential election 3507: 3421:1956 presidential election 3406:Other decisions and events 3305: 3207:Senate Judiciary Committee 3154: 3113:1952 presidential election 2899:The Memoirs of Earl Warren 2834:and later became the 23rd 2684:1936 presidential election 2582:1924 presidential election 2540:City and district attorney 2530:United States Army Reserve 2463:of California and Senator 2237:1952 presidential election 2225:1948 presidential election 1804:Brennan Center For Justice 746:American Revolutionary War 29: 18: 18078: 18051: 17973: 17896: 17887: 17831: 17806: 17788: 17770: 17738: 17495: 17486: 17477: 17405: 17366: 17337: 17308: 17287: 17258: 17229: 17211: 17140: 17122: 17113: 17052: 17034: 17025: 16953: 16928: 16899: 16870: 16841: 16812: 16793: 16762: 16749: 16738: 16657: 16639: 16630: 16572: 16554: 16545: 16474: 16441: 16412: 16383: 16354: 16325: 16296: 16278: 16207: 16189: 16178: 16137: 16119: 16108: 16017: 15980:Republican Liberty Caucus 15960: 15890: 15852: 15783: 15772: 15727: 15466: 15452: 15392: 15023: 15014: 14805: 14608: 14471: 13667: 13627: 13557: 12949: 12945: 12894: 12706: 12638: 12421: 12358: 12267: 12256: 12181: 12097: 12040: 11390: 11377: 11360: 11080: 11067: 11026: 10998: 10989: 10981: 10976: 10966: 10948: 10940: 10930: 10915: 10907: 10897: 10885: 10877: 10867: 10844: 10836: 10831: 10821: 10812: 10804: 10794: 10785: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10461:Pacific Historical Review 10207:White, G. Edward (1982). 9943:Belknap, Michael (2005). 9512:"Earl Warren Showgrounds" 6632:Journal of Policy History 6301:Virginia Quarterly Review 6157:McCall, James R. (1984). 5177:(Vice Presidential tally) 5149:Joseph William Martin Jr. 5079:Joseph William Martin Jr. 4913:Charles A. Christopherson 4679:Santa Barbara, California 4673:Lake Elsinore, California 4657:Earl Warren Middle School 4586:California State Route 13 4536:UC Berkeley School of Law 4240: 4233:, and he was interred at 4225:in the Great Hall of the 3968:Voting Rights Act of 1965 3237:Leadership and philosophy 3184:Secretary of the Interior 3169:Chief Justice Earl Warren 3075:1944 Republican primaries 3001:employment discrimination 2727:, a residential hotel in 2562:California State Assembly 2528:. Warren remained in the 2470:UC Berkeley School of Law 2434:Southern Pacific Railroad 2371:(1967) struck down state 2251:(1954), which ruled that 2106:Constitutional Revolution 1993:Liberal bias in the media 1658:National Democratic Party 502: 492: 477: 469: 459: 451: 446: 434: 415: 407: 380: 370: 360: 343: 319: 314: 310: 300: 290: 279: 267: 257: 245: 234: 226: 214: 202: 192: 181: 173: 161: 149: 135: 124: 116: 104: 92: 80: 69: 61: 57: 48: 41: 15750:Northern Mariana Islands 10832:Party political offices 10762:Offices and distinctions 10753:author Melvin I. Urofsky 10566:. Liveright Publishing. 10562:Simon, James F. (2018). 10241:. Simon & Schuster. 9231:"Warren Room, Boalt 295" 8783:"Earl Warren--A Tribute" 8251:Belin, David W. (1973). 8206:Specter, Arlen. (2001). 7736:, pp. 387–391, 435. 7575:, pp. 385–386, 403. 6545:governors.library.ca.gov 5980:"U.S. Famous Freemasons" 5549:Vermont General Assembly 5282: – 881,702 (11.31%) 5024: – 324,029 (11.34%) 5018: – 330,799 (11.58%) 5012: – 464,741 (16.27%) 5006: – 627,321 (21.96%) 4955: – 530,968 (46.49%) 4888: – 278,727 (12.18%) 4882: – 366,444 (16.02%) 4873: – 662,127 (28.94%) 4735: – 527,054 (15.85%) 4729: – 729,908 (21.96%) 4707: – 260,170 (42.58%) 4667:Garden Grove, California 4661:Solana Beach, California 4493:California Supreme Court 4206:congestive heart failure 3944:Civil Rights Act of 1964 3624:United States v. O'Brien 3619:Selective Service System 3503: 3367:." In the decades after 3301: 2987:University of California 2335:" in the United States. 2275:Civil Rights Act of 1964 2184:and won election as the 2046:United States portal 1988:Liberal bias in academia 1653:Liberal Republican Party 511:This article is part of 17378:Edward Longstreet Bodin 17339:Socialist Workers Party 16901:Socialist Workers Party 12345:Brig. Gen. Micheltorena 12175:Governors of California 10887:Keynote Speaker of the 10682:Federal Judicial Center 10680:, a publication of the 10395:Lewis, Anthony (1997). 10117:Powe, Lucas A. (2000). 9177:April 11, 2008, at the 7478:www.press.uillinois.edu 5288: – 521,110 (6.68%) 4755:Republican primary for 4744: – 155,732 (4.69%) 4651:Bakersfield, California 4644:Bakersfield High School 4634:Earl Warren High School 4546:named the support ship 4517:California Hall of Fame 4384:Government by Judiciary 3917:Equal Protection Clause 3728:Elkins v. United States 3692:Griswold v. Connecticut 3649:imminent lawless action 3615:conscientious objectors 3610:United States v. Seeger 3329:, which arose from the 3267:judicial self-restraint 3223:John Marshall Harlan II 2680:William Randolph Hearst 2502:363rd Infantry Regiment 2438:Bakersfield, California 2373:anti-miscegenation laws 2354:Griswold v. Connecticut 2338:Schmerber v. California 2223:'s running mate in the 2166:Bakersfield, California 2142:presidential commission 2096:from 1953 to 1969. The 1999:The Liberal Imagination 1711:Rockefeller Republicans 17740:National Statuary Hall 17392:Homer Aubrey Tomlinson 16153:Incumbent VP nominee: 15832:Problem Solvers Caucus 13099:Theodore Frelinghuysen 12047: 11367: 10992:Governor of California 10922:Governor of California 10851:Governor of California 10637:Tushnet, Mark (1996). 9966:. Simon and Schuster. 8927:. September 15, 2018. 8750:. September 15, 2018. 6392:Weglyn, Michi Nishiura 6352:Weglyn, Michi Nishiura 6260:Weglyn, Michi Nishiura 6232:Weglyn, Michi Nishiura 5324: – 10,411 (0.13%) 5318: – 22,321 (0.29%) 5312: – 22,712 (0.29%) 5306: – 26,208 (0.34%) 5300: – 44,209 (0.57%) 5294: – 63,879 (0.82%) 5106: – 1,094 (60.74%) 5057: – 18,924 (0.66%) 5048: – 45,072 (1.58%) 5042: – 45,463 (1.59%) 5036: – 72,191 (2.53%) 5030: – 87,839 (3.07%) 4987:) – 3,210 (0.13%) 4938: – 70,331 (8.27%) 4921: – 27,097 (1.19%) 4915: – 33,497 (1.46%) 4909: – 37,575 (1.64%) 4903: – 67,508 (2.95%) 4894: – 91,602 (4.00%) 4822: – 11,302 (1.15%) 4816: – 50,780 (5.14%) 4793:) – 3,504 (0.52%) 4777: – 10,004 (1.48%) 4771: – 15,604 (2.32%) 4757:Governor of California 4750: – 44,518 (1.34%) 4617:in his honor, and the 4601: 4576:American Inns of Court 4513:Great Americans series 4500: 4481: 4366:49,335 (including the 4354:Martin Luther King Jr. 4258: 4215:United States v. Nixon 4210:coronary insufficiency 4177: 4123: 4040: 3940:Peterson v. Greenville 3870:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 3829: 3659: 3631:. Warren dissented in 3527: 3477:Yates v. United States 3447:Montgomery bus boycott 3349:African Americans and 3339:Southern United States 3280:William J. Brennan Jr. 3250: 3170: 3057:by a decisive margin. 3005:anti-miscegenation law 2972:United Nations Charter 2954: 2916: 2907:Governor of California 2904: 2856:attack on Pearl Harbor 2772: 2694:Family and social life 2597:San Francisco Bay Area 2557: 2506:Camp Lewis, Washington 2482:Associated Oil Company 2393: 2265:Southern United States 2150:Governor of California 2090:governor of California 1690:historically, factions 806:Young America movement 776:Jeffersonian democracy 618:Economic progressivism 119:Governor of California 17289:Socialist Labor Party 16479:Other 1936 elections: 16453:William Dudley Pelley 16414:Socialist Labor Party 16166:Henry S. Breckinridge 16147:Franklin D. Roosevelt 15917:Log Cabin Republicans 13389:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. 13289:Franklin D. Roosevelt 12046: 11366: 11214:Edward Douglass White 10595:10.1093/jahist/jav143 10281:Warren, Earl (1977). 9983:California Law Review 9313:on September 27, 2019 9080:, pp. 1103–1107. 8835:Vanderbilt Law Review 8388:Warren, Earl (2001). 8365:, pp. 415-23, 431-42. 7498:Pederson, William D. 6645:10.1353/jph.2000.0029 6609:www.trumanlibrary.gov 5882:, pp. 49–50, 61. 5796:Whitney v. California 5698:, pp. 44, 50–53. 5614:, pp. 23–28, 31. 5404:Earl Warren – 77 5367:Earl Warren – 81 5336: – 2,925 (0.04%) 5330: – 7,105 (0.09%) 5075: – 1,452 (0.05%) 5069: – 4,907 (0.17%) 5063: – 5,014 (0.18%) 4828: – 7,231 (0.73%) 4783: – 9,824 (1.46%) 4593: 4526:On the campus of the 4487: 4476: 4359:Stride Toward Freedom 4317:California Law Review 4253: 4246:Historical reputation 4175: 4168:Final years and death 4121: 4038: 3958:public accommodations 3934:Civil rights movement 3840:as the foundation of 3824: 3657: 3525: 3244: 3231:Scandinavian American 3168: 3155:Further information: 3055:Helen Gahagan Douglas 3017:Re-election campaigns 2996:Mendez v. Westminster 2968:universal health care 2952: 2914: 2890: 2770: 2660:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2630:Whitney v. California 2547: 2508:. He was made acting 2465:Robert M. La Follette 2391: 2279:public accommodations 2033:Liberalism portal 1868:The American Prospect 1849:National Urban League 1716:Roosevelt Republicans 1638:Anti-Federalist Party 751:Civil rights movement 470:Years of service 18137:American Protestants 17472:in the United States 17410:Other 1952 elections 17370:and other candidates 17062:Dwight D. Eisenhower 16958:Other 1948 elections 16932:and other candidates 16711:Leverett Saltonstall 16701:Joseph W. Martin Jr. 16691:Herbert E. Hitchcock 15947:Republicans Overseas 15937:Teen Age Republicans 15740:District of Columbia 14141:1964 (San Francisco) 14101:1956 (San Francisco) 13637:National Union Party 13279:Charles W. Fairbanks 13159:Francis P. Blair Jr. 11246:Charles Evans Hughes 10073:Newton, Jim (2006). 9908:General bibliography 9891:www.ourcampaigns.com 9866:www.ourcampaigns.com 9841:www.ourcampaigns.com 9816:www.ourcampaigns.com 9791:www.ourcampaigns.com 9766:www.ourcampaigns.com 9741:www.ourcampaigns.com 9716:www.ourcampaigns.com 9691:www.ourcampaigns.com 9666:www.ourcampaigns.com 9641:www.ourcampaigns.com 9616:www.ourcampaigns.com 9591:www.ourcampaigns.com 9566:www.ourcampaigns.com 9541:www.ourcampaigns.com 9407:"Warren Junior High" 9339:on October 24, 2015. 9153:on February 28, 2014 7472:Lichtman, Robert M. 6163:Hastings Law Journal 5459:United States portal 5393:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5356:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5340:William R. Schneider 5310:Edward C. Slettedahl 5271:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5122:Arthur H. Vandenberg 5112: – 274 (15.21%) 5098:(Presidential tally) 5061:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5055:Arthur H. Vandenberg 5040:Herbert E. Hitchcock 5034:Leverett Saltonstall 4892:W. Chapman Revercomb 4562:Earl Warren Building 4489:Earl Warren Building 4469:Memorials and honors 4375:Dennis J. Hutchinson 3775:Escobedo v. Illinois 3754:Gideon v. Wainwright 3749:reasonable suspicion 3670:Establishment Clause 3449:, the Supreme Court 3361:Fourteenth Amendment 3121:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2820:confiscation of land 2748:Loyal Order of Moose 2723:in 1943, and to the 2457:Progressive movement 2303:Gideon v. Wainwright 2241:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1721:Moderate Republicans 1457:Roosevelt (Theodore) 1452:Roosevelt (Franklin) 771:Jacksonian democracy 678:Legal egalitarianism 643:Freedom of the press 524:in the United States 87:Dwight D. Eisenhower 18237:Recess appointments 18132:American Freemasons 17642:J. E. Hoover (1972) 17199:Richard Russell Jr. 17179:W. Averell Harriman 17086:George T. Mickelson 16613:Richard Russell Jr. 16580:Incumbent nominee: 16145:Incumbent nominee: 15900:College Republicans 14321:2000 (Philadelphia) 14061:1948 (Philadelphia) 14021:1940 (Philadelphia) 13838:1900 (Philadelphia) 13747:1872 (Philadelphia) 13695:1856 (Philadelphia) 13647:Fourth Party System 13179:Thomas A. Hendricks 13149:George H. Pendleton 13139:Herschel V. Johnson 12985:Charles C. Pinckney 12359:Under U.S. military 12306:Brig. Gen. Figueroa 12133:Richard Russell Jr. 12113:John Sherman Cooper 11230:William Howard Taft 10692:Library of Congress 10493:. Lexington Books. 10428:. Lexington Books. 10424:Moke, Paul (2015). 10180:Virginia Law Review 10009:Michigan Law Review 9516:Visit Santa Barbara 9491:ewe.leusd.k12.ca.us 9113:, pp. 529–530. 8807:. February 17, 2012 8716:"They Made America" 8663:, pp. 528–529. 8604:, pp. 521–522. 8592:, pp. 518–520. 8580:, pp. 515–516. 8558:archive.nytimes.com 8528:, pp. 513–514. 8516:, pp. 502–505. 8497:White House Studies 8485:, pp. 499–502. 8473:, pp. 494–499. 8157:, pp. 414–419. 8090:, pp. 484–485. 8078:, pp. 470–471. 8066:, pp. 449–452. 8054:, pp. 469–470. 8042:, pp. 441–442. 8030:, pp. 408–410. 7978:, pp. 432–435. 7954:, pp. 406–407. 7942:, pp. 381–385. 7885:, pp. 379–381. 7808:, pp. 456–460. 7796:, pp. 403–406. 7784:, pp. 466–468. 7772:, pp. 372–376. 7760:, pp. 447–449. 7724:, pp. 386–387. 7712:, pp. 502–503. 7700:, pp. 491–492. 7688:, pp. 485–487. 7676:, pp. 481–483. 7664:, pp. 490–491. 7652:, pp. 438–440. 7640:, pp. 469–470. 7616:, pp. 530–531. 7587:, pp. 444–445. 7563:, pp. 368–369. 7459:, pp. 345–348. 7395:, pp. 290–291. 7383:, pp. 336–337. 7317:, pp. 312–315. 7305:, pp. 287–288. 7252:, pp. 283–286. 7240:, pp. 277–281. 7228:, pp. 274–278. 7159:, pp. 462–463. 7147:, pp. 445–446. 7135:, pp. 499–500. 7111:, pp. 159–161. 7099:, pp. 268–270. 7029:, pp. 289–290. 7009:The Washington Post 6996:, pp. 261–262. 6984:, pp. 250–253. 6960:, pp. 246–249. 6936:, pp. 245–246. 6924:, pp. 238–240. 6912:, pp. 243–244. 6900:, pp. 233–235. 6888:, pp. 229–232. 6876:, pp. 226–228. 6864:, pp. 218–223. 6852:, pp. 192–194. 6812:, pp. 190–191. 6800:, pp. 188–190. 6788:, pp. 186–187. 6776:, pp. 184–185. 6764:, pp. 154–157. 6752:, pp. 209–215. 6740:, pp. 213–215. 6728:, pp. 206–209. 6716:, pp. 171–176. 6704:, pp. 168–169. 6573:Library of Congress 6472:, pp. 126–132. 6381:, pp. 157–159. 6221:, pp. 120–123. 6197:, pp. 112–114. 6117:Edwin E. Ferguson, 5942:, pp. 270–271. 5342: – 580 (0.01%) 5292:George T. Mickelson 5118: – 157 (8.72%) 5081: – 974 (0.03%) 4721:William Edgar Borah 4653:(Warren's hometown) 4615:Earl Warren College 4595:Earl Warren College 4521:Library of Congress 4108:conspiracy theories 4097:, who acted alone. 3972:Fifteenth Amendment 3899:Wesberry v. Sanders 3644:Brandenburg v. Ohio 3629:burning draft-cards 3470:such as US Senator 3392:Stanley Forman Reed 2812:Southern California 2556:, completed in 1934 2430:Southern California 2396:Warren was born in 2328:Wesberry v. Sanders 1969:The Washington Post 1955:Talking Points Memo 1809:Equal Justice Works 1773:Other organizations 1761:Roosevelt Institute 1706:Radical Republicans 1447:Roosevelt (Eleanor) 781:Liberal Republicans 648:Freedom of religion 638:Fiscal conservatism 142:Frederick F. Houser 17842:US Capitol rotunda 17808:Old Senate Chamber 17497:US Capitol rotunda 17385:Henry B. Krajewski 17328:Samuel H. Friedman 17150:Adlai Stevenson II 16940:Gerald L. K. Smith 16780:Fielding L. Wright 15932:Republicans Abroad 15797:Legislative Digest 14261:1988 (New Orleans) 14201:1976 (Kansas City) 14181:1972 (Miami Beach) 14161:1968 (Miami Beach) 13961:1928 (Kansas City) 13825:1896 (Saint Louis) 13812:1892 (Minneapolis) 13657:Sixth Party System 13652:Fifth Party System 13642:Third Party System 13309:Joseph T. Robinson 13189:William H. English 13089:Richard M. Johnson 12326:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez 12316:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez 12301:Lt. Col. Echeandía 12286:Lt. Col. Echeandía 12048: 11384:Associate justices 11368: 10977:Political offices 10299:Goes only to 1954. 9361:on October 2, 2019 8848:on October 3, 2019 8695:. December 1, 2006 8350:Reclaiming History 8241:, pp. 206–07. 7334:The New York Times 7281:10.1111/jsch.12295 6182:The New York Times 5858:, pp. 33, 39. 5535:Gitlow v. New York 5530:Due Process Clause 5216:Fielding L. Wright 5163: – 11 (0.61%) 5157: – 15 (0.83%) 5151: – 18 (1.00%) 5145: – 19 (1.06%) 5143:Raymond E. Baldwin 5139: – 35 (1.94%) 5137:Alfred E. Driscoll 5133: – 56 (3.11%) 5124: – 62 (3.44%) 5087: – 44 (0.00%) 5085:Alfred E. Driscoll 4638:San Antonio, Texas 4629:Downey, California 4625:Warren High School 4602: 4544:United States Navy 4501: 4491:, headquarters of 4482: 4477:Earl Warren Hall, 4391:and legal scholar 4326:William O. Douglas 4259: 4256:U.S. Supreme Court 4178: 4124: 4079:Jacqueline Kennedy 4043:Shortly after the 4041: 3980:Loving v. Virginia 3963:Civil Rights Cases 3894:County Unit System 3883:political question 3864:Colegrove v. Green 3785:Miranda v. Arizona 3721:Criminal procedure 3675:John Birch Society 3660: 3634:Street v. New York 3528: 3429:massive resistance 3365:separate but equal 3356:Plessy v. Ferguson 3343:Reconstruction Era 3275:William O. Douglas 3255:Franklin Roosevelt 3251: 3203:recess appointment 3201:Warren received a 3171: 3141:Adlai Stevenson II 2991:community colleges 2955: 2917: 2773: 2725:Wardman Park Hotel 2646:State party leader 2593:Joseph R. Knowland 2558: 2518:Camp Lee, Virginia 2494:United States Army 2394: 2368:Loving v. Virginia 2349:mere evidence rule 2309:Miranda v. Arizona 2286:criminal procedure 2253:racial segregation 2198:Japanese Americans 2164:and was raised in 2133:Loving v. Virginia 2127:Miranda v. Arizona 1920:The New York Times 791:New Deal coalition 723:Unalienable rights 464:United States Army 18094: 18093: 18088: 18087: 18074: 18073: 18066:Lautenberg (2013) 17975:Great Hall of the 17883: 17882: 17827: 17826: 17594:R. A. Taft (1953) 17427: 17426: 17401: 17400: 17357:Myra Tanner Weiss 17320:Darlington Hoopes 17260:Progressive Party 17249:Enoch A. Holtwick 17231:Prohibition Party 17207: 17206: 17166:Other candidates: 17109: 17108: 17078:Other candidates: 16975: 16974: 16949: 16948: 16843:Progressive Party 16814:Prohibition Party 16789: 16788: 16734: 16733: 16721:Arthur Vandenberg 16696:Douglas MacArthur 16683:Other candidates: 16626: 16625: 16608:Harley M. Kilgore 16605:Other candidates: 16495: 16494: 16470: 16469: 16403:Thomas C. O'Brien 16327:Prohibition Party 16274: 16273: 16266:Frederick Steiwer 16233:Other candidates: 16174: 16173: 16163:Other candidates: 16155:John Nance Garner 16058: 16057: 16013: 16012: 15942:Young Republicans 15810:Senate Conference 15768: 15767: 15448: 15447: 13760:1876 (Cincinnati) 13585: 13584: 13553: 13552: 13449:Geraldine Ferraro 13399:William E. Miller 13339:Charles L. McNary 13239:Adlai Stevenson I 13129:William L. Dayton 13119:William A. Graham 13109:William O. Butler 12905: 12904: 12666: 12665: 12281:Capt. L. Argüello 12245:Capt. J. Argüello 12210:Capt-Gen. de Neve 12141: 12140: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12052: 11373: 11372: 11326:William Rehnquist 11013: 11012: 11008: 11007: 10999:Succeeded by 10967:Succeeded by 10931:Succeeded by 10898:Succeeded by 10868:Succeeded by 10822:Succeeded by 10795:Succeeded by 10610:. Hill and Wang. 10334:978-1-4683-0917-1 10266:978-0-671-24110-0 10258:978-0-380-52183-8 10220:978-0-19-503121-8 10125:. Belknap Press. 9973:978-0-684-80852-9 9962:Cray, Ed (1997). 9954:978-1-57003-563-0 9935:978-0-19-506557-2 9282:www.courts.ca.gov 8805:California Museum 8628:Los Angeles Times 8540:, p. 928n23. 8289:978-0-393-07212-9 8111:978-0-393-07068-2 7831:978-0-7006-1439-4 7075:, pp. 13–14. 6209:, pp. 69–71. 6102:Sandhya Ramadas, 6077:, pp. 44–67. 6065:, pp. 92–94. 6053:, pp. 77–78. 6029:, pp. 71–72. 6017:, pp. 72–73. 5918:, pp. 94–96. 5906:, pp. 61–62. 5870:, pp. 40–41. 5846:, pp. 79–81. 5834:, pp. 74–76. 5822:, pp. 69–71. 5810:, pp. 82–89. 5782:, pp. 65–66. 5770:, pp. 60–61. 5746:, pp. 54–57. 5686:, pp. 45–47. 5674:, pp. 41–42. 5662:, pp. 37–38. 5650:, pp. 35–36. 5638:, pp. 32–33. 5626:, pp. 28–32. 5602:, pp. 19–21. 5590:, pp. 16–18. 5502:Explanatory notes 5445:California portal 5408:Douglas MacArthur 5377:Douglas MacArthur 5298:Douglas MacArthur 5169: – 1 (0.06%) 5161:Douglas MacArthur 5028:Douglas MacArthur 4871:Douglas MacArthur 4685:Electoral history 4588:in Alameda County 4433:William Rehnquist 4350:Platonic Guardian 4284:Los Angeles Times 4187:Watergate scandal 4095:Lee Harvey Oswald 4064:Howard P. Willens 4053:Warren Commission 4049:Lyndon B. Johnson 4031:Warren Commission 4025:Warren Commission 3922:one man, one vote 3838:the right to vote 3733:exclusionary rule 3677:, as well as the 3384:Felix Frankfurter 3380:Robert H. Jackson 3263:Felix Frankfurter 3219:Harley M. Kilgore 3188:Solicitor General 3098:Douglas MacArthur 3094:Arthur Vandenberg 3073:candidate in the 2706:John Charles Daly 2589:Friend Richardson 2578:Progressive Party 2514:second lieutenant 2472:). He received a 2449:political science 2333:one man, one vote 2219:Warren served as 2138:Warren Commission 2083: 2082: 1680:Progressive Party 1674:Progressive Party 1668:Progressive Party 1162:Clinton (Hillary) 653:Freedom of speech 628:Equal opportunity 506: 505: 270:District Attorney 18294: 17977:US Supreme Court 17894: 17893: 17838: 17837: 17616:MacArthur (1964) 17493: 17492: 17454: 17447: 17440: 17431: 17430: 17270:Vincent Hallinan 17213: 17212: 17169:Alben W. Barkley 17120: 17119: 17115:Democratic Party 17032: 17031: 17027:Republican Party 17002: 16995: 16988: 16979: 16978: 16853:Henry A. Wallace 16824:Claude A. Watson 16795: 16794: 16747: 16746: 16637: 16636: 16632:Republican Party 16618:Henry A. Wallace 16597:Alben W. Barkley 16552: 16551: 16547:Democratic Party 16522: 16515: 16508: 16499: 16498: 16432:Emil F. Teichert 16374:George A. Nelson 16345:Claude A. Watson 16280: 16279: 16187: 16186: 16181:Republican Party 16117: 16116: 16111:Democratic Party 16085: 16078: 16071: 16062: 16061: 15815:Policy Committee 15791:House Conference 15781: 15780: 15464: 15463: 15021: 15020: 14441:2024 (Milwaukee) 14401:2016 (Cleveland) 14301:1996 (San Diego) 14001:1936 (Cleveland) 13941:1924 (Cleveland) 13721:1864 (Baltimore) 13621: 13620:Republican Party 13612: 13605: 13598: 13589: 13588: 13575: 13574: 13565: 13564: 13299:Charles W. Bryan 13269:James S. Sherman 13209:Allen G. Thurman 12947: 12946: 12932: 12925: 12918: 12909: 12908: 12900: 12899: 12693: 12686: 12679: 12670: 12669: 12427: 12363: 12273: 12262: 12261: 12235:Lt. Col. Alberní 12187: 12168: 12161: 12154: 12145: 12144: 12084: 12077: 12070: 12061: 12060: 12036: 11936: 11790: 11728: 11684: 11400: 11379: 11378: 11310:Warren E. Burger 11118:Oliver Ellsworth 11069: 11068: 11059:Justices of the 11053: 11046: 11039: 11030: 11029: 11017: 11016: 10982:Preceded by 10941:Preceded by 10908:Preceded by 10878:Preceded by 10837:Preceded by 10825:Warren E. Burger 10805:Preceded by 10778:Preceded by 10770: 10769: 10758: 10757: 10742: 10735:Internet Archive 10667:Internet Archive 10652: 10633: 10621: 10609: 10598: 10589:(4): 1166–1189. 10577: 10558: 10523: 10504: 10485: 10454: 10439: 10420: 10391: 10379: 10360: 10354: 10346: 10327:. New York, NY. 10318: 10298: 10252: 10233:Armstrong, Scott 10229:Woodward, Robert 10224: 10203: 10174: 10155: 10136: 10124: 10113: 10101: 10090: 10069: 10058:10.2307/41172162 10040: 10038: 10036: 9998: 9989:(5): 1101–1167. 9977: 9958: 9939: 9927: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9883: 9877: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9758: 9752: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9683: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9658: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9633: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9558: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9533: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9499: 9497: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9392: 9377: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9357:. Archived from 9347: 9341: 9340: 9335:. Archived from 9329: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9309:. Archived from 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9252: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9241: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9196:dac.berkeley.edu 9188: 9182: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9147:"29-cent Warren" 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9120: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9052: 9046: 9040: 9034: 9028: 9022: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8965: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8847: 8841:. 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Sims 7842: 7836: 7835: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7611: 7600: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7576: 7570: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7469: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7378: 7372: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7324: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7283: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7235: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7208: 7202: 7201: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6822: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6675: 6669: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6591:Hoover Institute 6583: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6537: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6505: 6503:10.2307/41172311 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6388: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6291: 6278: 6277: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6129: 6123: 6114: 6108: 6099: 6093: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5907: 5901: 5895: 5889: 5883: 5877: 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5569: 5558: 5552: 5545: 5539: 5526: 5520: 5512: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5461: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5441: 5440: 5433: 5431:Biography portal 5428: 5427: 5426: 5334:Perry J. Stearns 5286:Thomas H. Werdel 5226:Henry A. Wallace 5200:Alben W. Barkley 5155:B. Carroll Reece 5073:Henry A. Wallace 4972:Henry R. Schmidt 4820:Nathan T. Porter 4775:William E. Riker 4769:Nathan T. Porter 4609:colleges at the 4453:Reynolds v. Sims 4162:Warren E. Burger 4137:Homer Thornberry 3908:Reynolds v. Sims 3851: 3847:Reynolds v. Sims 3794:right to silence 3701:right to privacy 3490:Second Red Scare 3215:Olin D. Johnston 3129:Thomas H. Werdel 3035:William Knowland 3031:Nuremberg trials 2902: 2828:Roger J. Traynor 2729:Washington, D.C. 2717:downtown Oakland 2621:Great Depression 2526:first lieutenant 2474:Bachelor of Laws 2377:Warren E. Burger 2359:right to privacy 2344:Warden v. Hayden 2322:Reynolds v. Sims 2233:Alben W. Barkley 2196:of over 100,000 2182:Republican Party 2121:Reynolds v. Sims 2075: 2068: 2061: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2031: 2030: 2004: 1913:The New Republic 1686:Republican Party 1643:Democratic Party 1307:Kennedy (Robert) 1302:Kennedy (Joseph) 1252:Jackson (Andrew) 703:Social democracy 673:Internationalism 633:Environmentalism 613:Economic freedom 535: 525: 508: 507: 487:First Lieutenant 485: 447:Military service 442: 401: 399: 395: 354:Washington, D.C. 350: 329: 327: 315:Personal details 303: 293: 284: 260: 248: 239: 217: 205: 186: 164: 152: 129: 111:Warren E. Burger 107: 95: 83: 74: 53: 39: 38: 18302: 18301: 18297: 18296: 18295: 18293: 18292: 18291: 18097: 18096: 18095: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18070: 18047: 18043:O'Connor (2023) 18034:Ginsburg (2020, 18011:Blackmun (1999) 17993:Marshall (1993) 17976: 17969: 17879: 17875:Williams (2022) 17865:Sicknick (2021) 17823: 17802: 17784: 17766: 17753:Ginsburg (2020, 17748:Cummings (2019) 17734: 17655:Humphrey (1978) 17589:Pershing (1948) 17558:L'Enfant (1909) 17482: 17473: 17458: 17428: 17423: 17397: 17362: 17333: 17310:Socialist Party 17304: 17283: 17254: 17241:Stuart Hamblen 17225: 17203: 17184:Hubert Humphrey 17136: 17105: 17081:Riley A. Bender 17048: 17021: 17006: 16976: 16971: 16945: 16924: 16895: 16890:Tucker P. Smith 16872:Socialist Party 16866: 16837: 16808: 16785: 16758: 16730: 16686:Riley A. Bender 16667:Thomas E. Dewey 16653: 16622: 16582:Harry S. Truman 16568: 16541: 16526: 16496: 16491: 16466: 16443:Christian Party 16437: 16408: 16379: 16356:Socialist Party 16350: 16337:D. Leigh Colvin 16321: 16298:Communist Party 16292: 16270: 16246:L. J. Dickinson 16203: 16170: 16133: 16104: 16089: 16059: 16054: 16009: 15962: 15956: 15892: 15886: 15854: 15848: 15775: 15764: 15723: 15459: 15457: 15444: 15393:Chair elections 15388: 15010: 14909:D. B. Henderson 14897:T. J. Henderson 14822: 14819: 14817: 14812: 14808: 14801: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14604: 14477:administrations 14475: 14467: 14361:2008 (St. Paul) 14341:2004 (New York) 13686: 13683: 13681: 13677: 13674: 13670: 13663: 13623: 13619: 13616: 13586: 13581: 13577:Vice presidents 13549: 13548: 13419:Sargent Shriver 13349:John W. Bricker 13069:Francis Granger 13039:Nathaniel Macon 13009:Jared Ingersoll 12965:Thomas Pinckney 12941: 12936: 12906: 12901: 12897: 12892: 12702: 12697: 12667: 12662: 12634: 12425: 12424: 12417: 12361: 12360: 12354: 12311:Lt. Col. Castro 12271: 12270: 12263: 12259: 12254: 12240:Capt. Arrillaga 12225:Capt. Arrillaga 12185: 12184: 12177: 12172: 12142: 12137: 12093: 12088: 12058: 12049: 12038: 12037: 12031: 12029: 11931: 11872:J. M. Harlan II 11785: 11723: 11679: 11395: 11386: 11369: 11358: 11357: 11262:Harlan F. Stone 11198:Melville Fuller 11166:Salmon P. Chase 11076: 11063: 11057: 11022: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10995: 10987: 10972: 10961: 10946: 10944:John W. Bricker 10936: 10934:James Roosevelt 10925: 10913: 10903: 10901:Dwight H. Green 10892: 10883: 10873: 10854: 10842: 10827: 10818: 10810: 10800: 10798:Robert W. Kenny 10791: 10783: 10781:Ulysses S. Webb 10763: 10740: 10717:Wayback Machine 10702:Wayback Machine 10659: 10649: 10618: 10574: 10520: 10501: 10474:10.2307/3638827 10436: 10417: 10388: 10368: 10366:Further reading 10363: 10348: 10347: 10335: 10295: 10276: 10274:Primary sources 10271: 10249: 10221: 10192:10.2307/1072897 10171: 10152: 10133: 10110: 10087: 10034: 10032: 10022:10.2307/1288417 9974: 9955: 9936: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9885: 9884: 9880: 9870: 9868: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9845: 9843: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9793: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9745: 9743: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9695: 9693: 9685: 9684: 9680: 9670: 9668: 9660: 9659: 9655: 9645: 9643: 9635: 9634: 9630: 9620: 9618: 9610: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9570: 9568: 9560: 9559: 9555: 9545: 9543: 9535: 9534: 9530: 9520: 9518: 9510: 9509: 9505: 9495: 9493: 9485: 9484: 9480: 9470: 9468: 9466:warren.ggusd.us 9460: 9459: 9455: 9445: 9443: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9420: 9418: 9405: 9404: 9400: 9390: 9388: 9378: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9349: 9348: 9344: 9331: 9330: 9326: 9316: 9314: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9254: 9253: 9249: 9239: 9237: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9215: 9214: 9210: 9200: 9198: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9179:Wayback Machine 9170: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9145: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9121: 9117: 9109: 9105: 9088: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9062: 9060: 9053: 9049: 9041: 9037: 9029: 9025: 9019:Hutchinson 1983 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 9000:. July 28, 2015 8992: 8991: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8967: 8966: 8959: 8953:Hutchinson 1983 8951: 8947: 8937: 8935: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8903: 8899: 8891: 8884: 8865: 8861: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8830: 8824: 8820: 8810: 8808: 8799: 8798: 8794: 8781:Truman, Harry. 8779: 8770: 8760: 8758: 8742: 8741: 8734: 8724: 8722: 8712: 8708: 8698: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8647: 8643: 8633: 8631: 8630:. July 10, 1974 8622: 8621: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8552: 8551: 8544: 8538:Hutchinson 1983 8536: 8532: 8524: 8520: 8512: 8508: 8493: 8489: 8481: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8456: 8452: 8444: 8440: 8432: 8428: 8419: 8415: 8400: 8386: 8382: 8373: 8369: 8363:Justice for All 8360: 8356: 8347: 8343: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8319: 8303: 8302: 8290: 8276: 8272: 8264: 8260: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8233: 8218: 8204: 8200: 8192: 8188: 8180: 8176: 8168: 8161: 8153: 8149: 8125: 8124: 8112: 8098: 8094: 8086: 8082: 8074: 8070: 8062: 8058: 8050: 8046: 8038: 8034: 8026: 8022: 8007:10.2307/1287416 7986: 7982: 7974: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7938: 7934: 7893: 7889: 7881: 7877: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7832: 7816: 7812: 7804: 7800: 7792: 7788: 7780: 7776: 7768: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7744: 7740: 7732: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7708: 7704: 7696: 7692: 7684: 7680: 7672: 7668: 7660: 7656: 7648: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7624: 7620: 7612: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7571: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7543: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7506: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7480: 7470: 7463: 7455: 7451: 7443: 7439: 7424:10.2307/1287417 7403: 7399: 7391: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7368: 7364: 7353: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7325: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7260: 7256: 7248: 7244: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7209: 7205: 7194: 7190: 7179: 7175: 7169:Hutchinson 1983 7167: 7163: 7155: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7131: 7127: 7119: 7115: 7107: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7085:Hutchinson 1983 7083: 7079: 7071: 7067: 7056: 7052: 7037: 7033: 7025: 7021: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6872: 6868: 6860: 6856: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6830:warren.ucsd.edu 6824: 6823: 6816: 6808: 6804: 6796: 6792: 6784: 6780: 6772: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6748: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6480: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6441: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6389: 6385: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6321: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6292: 6281: 6274: 6257: 6253: 6246: 6229: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6205: 6201: 6193: 6189: 6175:Les Ledbetter, 6174: 6170: 6155: 6151: 6141: 6139: 6137:texts.cdlib.org 6131: 6130: 6126: 6115: 6111: 6100: 6096: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6061: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6013: 6009: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5950: 5946: 5938: 5934: 5930:, pp. 133. 5926: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5854: 5850: 5842: 5838: 5830: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5658: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5610: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5572: 5559: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5473:Politics portal 5471: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5316:Riley A. Bender 5304:Grant A. Ritter 5249:James Roosevelt 5206:Thomas E. Dewey 5196:Harry S. Truman 5167:Everett Dirksen 5131:Dwight H. Green 5104:Thomas E. Dewey 5067:Harry S. Truman 5022:Riley A. Bender 5016:Thomas E. Dewey 4981:James Roosevelt 4953:Robert W. Kenny 4936:Robert W. Kenny 4919:Wendell Willkie 4907:Riley A. Bender 4886:Thomas E. Dewey 4880:John W. Bricker 4826:Alonzo J. Riggs 4691: 4687: 4553:in his honour. 4471: 4437:Rehnquist Court 4428:Hoyt v. Florida 4422:Powell v. Texas 4368:buyer's premium 4312:Harry S. Truman 4248: 4243: 4170: 4153:Hubert Humphrey 4151:Nixon defeated 4116: 4033: 4027: 3954:Commerce Clause 3936: 3930: 3889:Gray v. Sanders 3853: 3836:Earl Warren on 3831: 3822: 3790:Miranda warning 3723: 3683:Barry Goldwater 3665:Engel v. Vitale 3561:First Amendment 3552: 3540:Arthur Goldberg 3536:John F. Kennedy 3520: 3506: 3472:Joseph McCarthy 3456:Cooper v. Aaron 3441:1955 decision ( 3408: 3321: 3314: 3304: 3239: 3196:Thomas E. Dewey 3176: 3163: 3153: 3106:Harry S. Truman 3063: 3047:James Roosevelt 3023:Robert W. Kenny 3019: 2947: 2939:Thomas E. Dewey 2922: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2844: 2781:Ulysses S. Webb 2765: 2752:American Legion 2711:What's My Line? 2696: 2648: 2574:Calvin Coolidge 2542: 2386: 2351:. Furthermore, 2229:Harry S. Truman 2221:Thomas E. Dewey 2148:. He served as 2079: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2025: 2018: 2017: 2002: 1983: 1975: 1974: 1862: 1854: 1853: 1774: 1766: 1765: 1746: 1738: 1737: 1633: 1625: 1624: 1525: 1517: 1516: 1257:Jackson (Jesse) 1087: 1079: 1078: 819: 811: 810: 796:Progressive Era 741: 733: 732: 708:Social equality 598: 590: 589: 543: 523: 521: 403: 391: 387: 371:Political party 352: 348: 331: 325: 323: 301: 291: 285: 280: 258: 246: 240: 235: 221:Robert W. Kenny 215: 209:Ulysses S. Webb 203: 187: 182: 162: 150: 144: 130: 125: 105: 93: 81: 75: 70: 44: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18300: 18290: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18092: 18091: 18086: 18085: 18079: 18076: 18075: 18072: 18071: 18069: 18068: 18063: 18057: 18055: 18053:Senate Chamber 18049: 18048: 18046: 18045: 18040: 18031: 18029:Stevens (2019) 18026: 18021: 18013: 18008: 18006:Brennan (1997) 18003: 17995: 17990: 17981: 17979: 17971: 17970: 17968: 17967: 17955: 17947: 17939: 17931: 17919: 17911: 17902: 17900: 17891: 17889:Lain in repose 17885: 17884: 17881: 17880: 17878: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17846: 17844: 17835: 17829: 17828: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17821: 17812: 17810: 17804: 17803: 17801: 17800: 17794: 17792: 17786: 17785: 17783: 17782: 17776: 17774: 17768: 17767: 17765: 17764: 17759: 17750: 17744: 17742: 17736: 17735: 17733: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17683: 17671: 17666: 17657: 17652: 17644: 17639: 17637:Dirksen (1969) 17634: 17626: 17618: 17613: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17578: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17547: 17542: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17522:Stevens (1868) 17519: 17507: 17501: 17499: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17478: 17475: 17474: 17457: 17456: 17449: 17442: 17434: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17421: 17416: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17395: 17388: 17381: 17373: 17371: 17364: 17363: 17361: 17360: 17352: 17343: 17341: 17335: 17334: 17332: 17331: 17323: 17314: 17312: 17306: 17305: 17303: 17302: 17293: 17291: 17285: 17284: 17282: 17281: 17278:Charlotta Bass 17273: 17264: 17262: 17256: 17255: 17253: 17252: 17244: 17235: 17233: 17227: 17226: 17209: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17202: 17201: 17196: 17194:Robert S. Kerr 17191: 17189:Estes Kefauver 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17162: 17161: 17153: 17144: 17142: 17138: 17137: 17135: 17134: 17129: 17123: 17117: 17111: 17110: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17091:Harold Stassen 17088: 17083: 17074: 17073: 17065: 17056: 17054: 17050: 17049: 17047: 17046: 17041: 17035: 17029: 17023: 17022: 17005: 17004: 16997: 16990: 16982: 16973: 16972: 16970: 16969: 16964: 16954: 16951: 16950: 16947: 16946: 16944: 16943: 16935: 16933: 16926: 16925: 16923: 16922: 16914: 16905: 16903: 16897: 16896: 16894: 16893: 16885: 16876: 16874: 16868: 16867: 16865: 16864: 16861:Glen H. Taylor 16856: 16847: 16845: 16839: 16838: 16836: 16835: 16827: 16818: 16816: 16810: 16809: 16791: 16790: 16787: 16786: 16784: 16783: 16775: 16772:Strom Thurmond 16766: 16764: 16760: 16759: 16757: 16756: 16750: 16744: 16736: 16735: 16732: 16731: 16729: 16728: 16726:Robert A. Taft 16723: 16718: 16716:Harold Stassen 16713: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16679: 16678: 16670: 16661: 16659: 16655: 16654: 16652: 16651: 16646: 16640: 16634: 16628: 16627: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16620: 16615: 16610: 16601: 16600: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16576: 16574: 16570: 16569: 16567: 16566: 16561: 16555: 16549: 16543: 16542: 16525: 16524: 16517: 16510: 16502: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16489: 16484: 16475: 16472: 16471: 16468: 16467: 16465: 16464: 16456: 16447: 16445: 16439: 16438: 16436: 16435: 16427: 16418: 16416: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16406: 16398: 16389: 16387: 16381: 16380: 16378: 16377: 16369: 16360: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16349: 16348: 16340: 16331: 16329: 16323: 16322: 16320: 16319: 16311: 16302: 16300: 16294: 16293: 16276: 16275: 16272: 16271: 16269: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16241:Stephen A. Day 16238: 16229: 16228: 16220: 16211: 16209: 16205: 16204: 16202: 16201: 16196: 16190: 16184: 16176: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16169: 16168: 16159: 16158: 16150: 16141: 16139: 16135: 16134: 16132: 16131: 16126: 16120: 16114: 16106: 16105: 16088: 16087: 16080: 16073: 16065: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16021: 16019: 16015: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15995:Liberty Caucus 15992: 15990:ConservAmerica 15987: 15982: 15977: 15972: 15966: 15964: 15958: 15957: 15955: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15914: 15909: 15908: 15907: 15896: 15894: 15888: 15887: 15885: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15858: 15856: 15850: 15849: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15827:Freedom Caucus 15819: 15818: 15817: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15800: 15787: 15785: 15778: 15770: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15763: 15762: 15760:Virgin Islands 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15735:American Samoa 15731: 15729: 15725: 15724: 15722: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15669:South Carolina 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15634:North Carolina 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15601: 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15470: 15468: 15461: 15450: 15449: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15396: 15394: 15390: 15389: 15387: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15228: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15027: 15025: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15009: 15008: 15002: 14996: 14990: 14984: 14978: 14972: 14966: 14960: 14954: 14948: 14942: 14936: 14930: 14924: 14918: 14912: 14906: 14900: 14894: 14888: 14882: 14876: 14870: 14864: 14858: 14852: 14846: 14840: 14834: 14827: 14825: 14803: 14802: 14800: 14799: 14793: 14787: 14781: 14775: 14769: 14763: 14757: 14751: 14745: 14739: 14733: 14727: 14721: 14715: 14709: 14703: 14697: 14691: 14685: 14679: 14673: 14667: 14661: 14655: 14649: 14643: 14637: 14631: 14624: 14622: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14602: 14596: 14590: 14584: 14578: 14572: 14566: 14560: 14554: 14548: 14542: 14536: 14530: 14524: 14518: 14512: 14506: 14500: 14494: 14488: 14481: 14479: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14465: 14462:2028 (Houston) 14458: 14457: 14456: 14438: 14437: 14436: 14418: 14417: 14416: 14398: 14397: 14396: 14378: 14377: 14376: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14338: 14337: 14336: 14318: 14317: 14316: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14281:1992 (Houston) 14278: 14277: 14276: 14258: 14257: 14256: 14238: 14237: 14236: 14221:1980 (Detroit) 14218: 14217: 14216: 14198: 14197: 14196: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14158: 14157: 14156: 14138: 14137: 14136: 14121:1960 (Chicago) 14118: 14117: 14116: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14081:1952 (Chicago) 14078: 14077: 14076: 14058: 14057: 14056: 14041:1944 (Chicago) 14038: 14037: 14036: 14018: 14017: 14016: 13998: 13997: 13996: 13981:1932 (Chicago) 13978: 13977: 13976: 13958: 13957: 13956: 13938: 13937: 13936: 13921:1920 (Chicago) 13918: 13917: 13916: 13901:1916 (Chicago) 13898: 13897: 13896: 13877:1912 (Chicago) 13874: 13864:1908 (Chicago) 13861: 13851:1904 (Chicago) 13848: 13835: 13822: 13809: 13799:1888 (Chicago) 13796: 13786:1884 (Chicago) 13783: 13773:1880 (Chicago) 13770: 13757: 13744: 13734:1868 (Chicago) 13731: 13718: 13708:1860 (Chicago) 13705: 13691: 13689: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13628: 13625: 13624: 13615: 13614: 13607: 13600: 13592: 13583: 13582: 13580: 13579: 13569: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13547: 13546: 13536: 13526: 13516: 13506: 13496: 13486: 13476: 13466: 13456: 13446: 13439:Walter Mondale 13436: 13426: 13416: 13406: 13396: 13386: 13379:Estes Kefauver 13376: 13366: 13356: 13346: 13336: 13326: 13319:Charles Curtis 13316: 13306: 13296: 13286: 13276: 13266: 13256: 13249:Henry G. Davis 13246: 13236: 13226: 13216: 13206: 13196: 13186: 13176: 13169:B. Gratz Brown 13166: 13156: 13146: 13136: 13126: 13116: 13106: 13096: 13086: 13076: 13066: 13056: 13046: 13036: 13029:Nathan Sanford 13026: 13019:John E. Howard 13016: 13006: 12992: 12982: 12972: 12962: 12955:George Clinton 12951: 12950: 12943: 12942: 12935: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12912: 12903: 12902: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12890: 12885: 12879: 12874: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12707: 12704: 12703: 12696: 12695: 12688: 12681: 12673: 12664: 12663: 12661: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12633: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12620:Schwarzenegger 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12431: 12429: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12386: 12375:Cdre. Stockton 12372: 12366: 12364: 12356: 12355: 12353: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12331:Pres. Alvarado 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12277: 12275: 12265: 12264: 12257: 12255: 12253: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12191: 12189: 12179: 12178: 12171: 12170: 12163: 12156: 12148: 12139: 12138: 12136: 12135: 12130: 12128:John J. McCloy 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12087: 12086: 12079: 12072: 12064: 12055: 12054: 12051: 12050: 12041: 12039: 12030: 12028: 12027: 12026:(2022–present) 12021: 12020:(2020–present) 12015: 12014:(2018–present) 12009: 12008:(2017–present) 12003: 12002:(2010–present) 11997: 11996:(2009–present) 11991: 11990:(2006–present) 11985: 11979: 11973: 11972:(1991–present) 11967: 11961: 11955: 11949: 11943: 11937: 11929: 11923: 11917: 11911: 11905: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11875: 11869: 11863: 11857: 11851: 11845: 11839: 11833: 11827: 11821: 11815: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11783: 11777: 11771: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11747: 11741: 11735: 11729: 11721: 11715: 11709: 11703: 11697: 11691: 11685: 11677: 11671: 11665: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11629: 11623: 11617: 11611: 11605: 11599: 11593: 11587: 11581: 11575: 11569: 11563: 11557: 11551: 11545: 11539: 11533: 11527: 11521: 11515: 11509: 11503: 11497: 11491: 11485: 11479: 11473: 11467: 11461: 11455: 11449: 11443: 11437: 11431: 11425: 11419: 11413: 11407: 11401: 11392: 11391: 11388: 11387: 11375: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11355: 11339: 11323: 11307: 11291: 11278:Fred M. Vinson 11275: 11259: 11243: 11227: 11211: 11195: 11182:Morrison Waite 11179: 11163: 11150:Roger B. Taney 11147: 11131: 11115: 11099: 11082: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11074:Chief justices 11065: 11064: 11056: 11055: 11048: 11041: 11033: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11011: 11010: 11006: 11005: 11002:Goodwin Knight 11000: 10997: 10988: 10983: 10979: 10978: 10974: 10973: 10968: 10965: 10947: 10942: 10938: 10937: 10932: 10929: 10914: 10909: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10896: 10884: 10881:Harold Stassen 10879: 10875: 10874: 10871:Goodwin Knight 10869: 10866: 10843: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10829: 10828: 10823: 10820: 10811: 10808:Fred M. Vinson 10806: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10793: 10784: 10779: 10775: 10774: 10773:Legal offices 10768: 10765: 10764: 10755: 10754: 10748: 10737: 10727: 10710: 10705: 10695: 10685: 10669: 10658: 10657:External links 10655: 10654: 10653: 10648:978-0813916651 10647: 10634: 10622: 10617:978-0809074235 10616: 10599: 10578: 10572: 10559: 10541:(1): 112–132. 10524: 10519:978-0195104394 10518: 10505: 10500:978-0739116357 10499: 10486: 10455: 10440: 10435:978-1498520133 10434: 10421: 10416:978-0791013779 10415: 10392: 10387:978-0809016259 10386: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10333: 10320: 10300: 10294:978-0385128353 10293: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10269: 10248:978-0743274029 10247: 10225: 10219: 10204: 10186:(3): 461–551. 10175: 10169: 10156: 10150: 10137: 10132:978-0674006836 10131: 10114: 10109:978-0195156324 10108: 10091: 10086:978-1594482700 10085: 10070: 10052:(2): 205–228. 10041: 10016:(4): 922–983. 9999: 9978: 9972: 9959: 9953: 9940: 9934: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9903: 9878: 9853: 9828: 9803: 9778: 9753: 9728: 9703: 9678: 9653: 9628: 9603: 9578: 9553: 9528: 9503: 9478: 9453: 9428: 9398: 9372: 9342: 9324: 9294: 9269: 9247: 9222: 9208: 9183: 9164: 9138: 9115: 9103: 9082: 9070: 9055:Raoul Berger. 9047: 9045:, p. 101. 9035: 9033:, p. xii. 9023: 9021:, p. 930. 9011: 8985: 8957: 8955:, p. 924. 8945: 8912: 8897: 8882: 8859: 8818: 8792: 8768: 8732: 8706: 8677: 8675:, p. 385. 8665: 8653: 8651:, p. 514. 8641: 8606: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8542: 8530: 8518: 8506: 8487: 8475: 8463: 8450: 8438: 8436:, p. 422. 8426: 8413: 8398: 8380: 8367: 8354: 8341: 8339:, p. 270. 8329: 8327:, p. 219. 8317: 8288: 8270: 8258: 8243: 8231: 8216: 8198: 8186: 8174: 8159: 8147: 8110: 8092: 8080: 8068: 8056: 8044: 8032: 8020: 8001:(2): 223–236. 7980: 7968: 7966:, p. 433. 7956: 7944: 7932: 7905:(3): 445–462. 7887: 7875: 7873:, p. 380. 7863: 7837: 7830: 7810: 7798: 7786: 7774: 7762: 7750: 7748:, p. 498. 7738: 7726: 7714: 7702: 7690: 7678: 7666: 7654: 7642: 7630: 7618: 7601: 7599:, p. 447. 7589: 7577: 7565: 7553: 7528: 7516: 7490: 7461: 7449: 7447:, p. 320. 7437: 7418:(2): 237–248. 7397: 7385: 7373: 7362: 7347: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7274:(2): 142–161. 7254: 7242: 7230: 7218: 7203: 7200:. p. 211. 7188: 7185:. p. 838. 7173: 7171:, p. 927. 7161: 7149: 7137: 7125: 7123:, p. 157. 7113: 7101: 7089: 7077: 7065: 7050: 7031: 7019: 6998: 6986: 6974: 6972:, p. 255. 6962: 6950: 6948:, p. 248. 6938: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6878: 6866: 6854: 6842: 6814: 6802: 6790: 6778: 6766: 6754: 6742: 6730: 6718: 6706: 6694: 6682: 6680:, p. 196. 6670: 6658: 6639:(4): 473–512. 6621: 6596: 6578: 6557: 6529: 6517: 6496:(2): 205–238. 6474: 6462: 6450: 6435: 6423: 6411: 6405:978-0688079963 6404: 6383: 6371: 6365:978-0688079963 6364: 6343: 6337:978-0688050139 6336: 6324:Hosokawa, Bill 6315: 6279: 6273:978-0688079963 6272: 6251: 6245:978-0688079963 6244: 6223: 6211: 6199: 6187: 6168: 6149: 6124: 6109: 6094: 6079: 6067: 6055: 6043: 6031: 6019: 6007: 5989: 5971: 5964: 5944: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5894:, p. 150. 5884: 5872: 5860: 5848: 5836: 5824: 5812: 5800: 5784: 5772: 5760: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5676: 5664: 5652: 5640: 5628: 5616: 5604: 5592: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5553: 5540: 5521: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5462: 5448: 5434: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5405: 5402: 5399:Robert A. Taft 5396: 5381: 5380: 5374: 5371:Harold Stassen 5368: 5365: 5362:Robert A. Taft 5359: 5344: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5280:Harold Stassen 5277: 5274: 5268: 5265:Robert A. Taft 5253: 5252: 5246: 5234: 5233: 5230:Glen H. Taylor 5223: 5212:Strom Thurmond 5209: 5203: 5185: 5184: 5171: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5119: 5116:Harold Stassen 5113: 5110:Robert A. Taft 5107: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5010:Robert A. Taft 5007: 5004:Harold Stassen 5001: 4989: 4988: 4978: 4975: 4969: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4923: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4901:Harold Stassen 4898: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4874: 4859: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4842: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4795: 4794: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4742:Stephen A. Day 4739: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4709: 4708: 4702: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4654: 4647: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613:, was renamed 4603: 4582: 4572: 4470: 4467: 4412:Morton Horwitz 4397:14th Amendment 4342:Pulitzer Prize 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4198:cardiac arrest 4169: 4166: 4158:his presidency 4115: 4112: 4087:Robert Kennedy 4068:Norman Redlich 4029:Main article: 4026: 4023: 3929: 3926: 3875:Potter Stewart 3823: 3821: 3818: 3722: 3719: 3668:held that the 3591:New York Times 3551: 3550:Bill of Rights 3548: 3505: 3502: 3407: 3404: 3402:Earl Warren." 3347:disenfranchise 3320: 3315: 3303: 3300: 3296:Louis Brandeis 3292:Potter Stewart 3238: 3235: 3227:Potter Stewart 3211:James Eastland 3192:Fred M. Vinson 3175: 3172: 3152: 3149: 3096:, and General 3090:Harold Stassen 3062: 3059: 3039:Goodwin Knight 3018: 3015: 3010:Perez v. Sharp 2974:was signed in 2946: 2943: 2931:Robert A. Taft 2921: 2918: 2908: 2905: 2895: 2871:John L. DeWitt 2860:Achilles' heel 2843: 2840: 2808:gambling ships 2771:Warren in 1944 2764: 2761: 2695: 2692: 2678:and publisher 2668:Upton Sinclair 2652:Herbert Hoover 2647: 2644: 2591:and publisher 2570:Alameda County 2541: 2538: 2510:first sergeant 2385: 2382: 2363:contraceptives 2298:Bill of Rights 2178:Alameda County 2081: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2063: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2035: 2020: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2005: 1995: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1878: 1871: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1696:Black-and-tans 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1663:People's Party 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1322:King (Coretta) 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1297:Kennedy (John) 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1172:Cuomo (Andrew) 1169: 1164: 1159: 1157:Clinton (Bill) 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 914:King (Coretta) 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 742: 739: 738: 735: 734: 731: 730: 725: 720: 718:Social welfare 715: 713:Social justice 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 663:Harm Principle 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 623:Egalitarianism 620: 615: 610: 605: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 588: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 560: 555: 550: 544: 541: 540: 537: 536: 528: 527: 517: 516: 504: 503: 500: 499: 494: 490: 489: 479: 475: 474: 471: 467: 466: 461: 460:Branch/service 457: 456: 453: 449: 448: 444: 443: 436: 432: 431: 417: 413: 412: 409: 405: 404: 389: 385: 384: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 362: 358: 357: 351:(aged 83) 345: 341: 340: 330:March 19, 1891 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 298: 297: 294: 288: 287: 277: 276: 274:Alameda County 265: 264: 263:Justus Craemer 261: 255: 254: 252:Louis B. Mayer 249: 243: 242: 232: 231: 224: 223: 218: 212: 211: 206: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 179: 178: 171: 170: 168:Goodwin Knight 165: 159: 158: 153: 147: 146: 145:Goodwin Knight 139: 133: 132: 122: 121: 114: 113: 108: 102: 101: 99:Fred M. Vinson 96: 90: 89: 84: 78: 77: 67: 66: 59: 58: 55: 54: 46: 45: 42: 25:Earl W. Warren 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18299: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18082: 18077: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18058: 18056: 18054: 18050: 18044: 18041: 18038: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18024:Scalia (2016) 18022: 18020: 18018: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 18000: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17987: 17983: 17982: 17980: 17978: 17972: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17956: 17954: 17952: 17948: 17946: 17944: 17940: 17938: 17936: 17932: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17920: 17918: 17916: 17912: 17910: 17908: 17904: 17903: 17901: 17899: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17886: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17860:Graham (2018) 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17845: 17843: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17833:Lain in honor 17830: 17820: 17818: 17814: 17813: 17811: 17809: 17805: 17799: 17796: 17795: 17793: 17791: 17787: 17781: 17780:Hooper (1875) 17778: 17777: 17775: 17773: 17772:House Chamber 17769: 17763: 17760: 17757: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17741: 17737: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17706: 17704: 17703:McCain (2018) 17701: 17699: 17698:Inouye (2012) 17696: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17684: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17672: 17670: 17669:Pepper (1989) 17667: 17665: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17649: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17631: 17627: 17625: 17623: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17583: 17579: 17577: 17575: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17552: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17539: 17535: 17533: 17532:Wilson (1875) 17530: 17528: 17527:Sumner (1874) 17525: 17523: 17520: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17498: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17488:Lain in state 17485: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17467: 17463: 17462:lain in state 17455: 17450: 17448: 17443: 17441: 17436: 17435: 17432: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17411: 17408: 17407: 17404: 17394: 17393: 17389: 17387: 17386: 17382: 17380: 17379: 17375: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17365: 17359: 17358: 17353: 17351: 17350: 17349:Farrell Dobbs 17345: 17344: 17342: 17340: 17336: 17330: 17329: 17324: 17322: 17321: 17316: 17315: 17313: 17311: 17307: 17301: 17300: 17295: 17294: 17292: 17290: 17286: 17280: 17279: 17274: 17272: 17271: 17266: 17265: 17263: 17261: 17257: 17251: 17250: 17245: 17243: 17242: 17237: 17236: 17234: 17232: 17228: 17223: 17219: 17214: 17210: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17174:Paul A. Dever 17172: 17170: 17167: 17164: 17163: 17160: 17159: 17158:John Sparkman 17154: 17152: 17151: 17146: 17145: 17143: 17139: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17124: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17076: 17075: 17072: 17071: 17070:Richard Nixon 17066: 17064: 17063: 17058: 17057: 17055: 17051: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17036: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17024: 17019: 17015: 17011: 17003: 16998: 16996: 16991: 16989: 16984: 16983: 16980: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16952: 16942: 16941: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16927: 16921: 16920: 16919:Grace Carlson 16915: 16913: 16912: 16911:Farrell Dobbs 16907: 16906: 16904: 16902: 16898: 16892: 16891: 16886: 16884: 16883: 16882:Norman Thomas 16878: 16877: 16875: 16873: 16869: 16863: 16862: 16857: 16855: 16854: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16844: 16840: 16834: 16833: 16832:Dale H. Learn 16828: 16826: 16825: 16820: 16819: 16817: 16815: 16811: 16806: 16802: 16796: 16792: 16782: 16781: 16776: 16774: 16773: 16768: 16767: 16765: 16761: 16755: 16752: 16751: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16742: 16737: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16706:Edward Martin 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16677: 16676: 16671: 16669: 16668: 16663: 16662: 16660: 16656: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16641: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16629: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16603: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16593: 16589: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16583: 16578: 16577: 16575: 16571: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16556: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16544: 16539: 16535: 16531: 16523: 16518: 16516: 16511: 16509: 16504: 16503: 16500: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16477: 16476: 16473: 16463: 16462: 16457: 16455: 16454: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16444: 16440: 16434: 16433: 16428: 16426: 16425: 16424:John W. Aiken 16420: 16419: 16417: 16415: 16411: 16405: 16404: 16399: 16397: 16396: 16395:William Lemke 16391: 16390: 16388: 16386: 16382: 16376: 16375: 16370: 16368: 16367: 16366:Norman Thomas 16362: 16361: 16359: 16357: 16353: 16347: 16346: 16341: 16339: 16338: 16333: 16332: 16330: 16328: 16324: 16318: 16317: 16316:James W. Ford 16312: 16310: 16309: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16299: 16295: 16290: 16286: 16281: 16277: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16236:William Borah 16234: 16231: 16230: 16227: 16226: 16221: 16219: 16218: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16206: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16191: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16182: 16177: 16167: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16157: 16156: 16151: 16149: 16148: 16143: 16142: 16140: 16136: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16121: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16098: 16094: 16086: 16081: 16079: 16074: 16072: 16067: 16066: 16063: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16016: 16006: 16005:The Wish List 16003: 16001: 16000:Ripon Society 15998: 15996: 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15967: 15965: 15959: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15895: 15889: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15857: 15851: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15824: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15798: 15794: 15793: 15792: 15789: 15788: 15786: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15776:organizations 15771: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15730: 15726: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15709:West Virginia 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15614:New Hampshire 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15574:Massachusetts 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15465: 15462: 15455: 15451: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15395: 15391: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15028: 15026: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15013: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14997: 14994: 14991: 14988: 14985: 14982: 14979: 14976: 14973: 14970: 14967: 14964: 14961: 14958: 14955: 14952: 14949: 14946: 14943: 14940: 14937: 14934: 14931: 14928: 14925: 14922: 14919: 14916: 14913: 14910: 14907: 14904: 14901: 14898: 14895: 14892: 14889: 14886: 14883: 14880: 14877: 14874: 14871: 14868: 14865: 14862: 14859: 14856: 14853: 14850: 14847: 14844: 14841: 14838: 14835: 14832: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14824: 14815: 14810: 14804: 14797: 14794: 14791: 14788: 14785: 14782: 14779: 14776: 14773: 14770: 14767: 14764: 14761: 14758: 14755: 14752: 14749: 14746: 14743: 14740: 14737: 14734: 14731: 14728: 14725: 14722: 14719: 14716: 14713: 14710: 14707: 14704: 14701: 14698: 14695: 14692: 14689: 14686: 14683: 14680: 14677: 14674: 14671: 14668: 14665: 14662: 14659: 14656: 14653: 14650: 14647: 14644: 14641: 14638: 14635: 14632: 14629: 14626: 14625: 14623: 14621: 14613: 14607: 14600: 14597: 14594: 14591: 14588: 14587:G. H. W. Bush 14585: 14582: 14579: 14576: 14573: 14570: 14567: 14564: 14561: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14549: 14546: 14543: 14540: 14537: 14534: 14531: 14528: 14525: 14522: 14519: 14516: 14513: 14510: 14507: 14504: 14501: 14498: 14495: 14492: 14489: 14486: 14483: 14482: 14480: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14464: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14446: 14442: 14439: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14419: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14406: 14402: 14399: 14395: 14392: 14391: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14379: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14370: 14366: 14362: 14359: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14346: 14342: 14339: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14326: 14322: 14319: 14315: 14312: 14311: 14310: 14306: 14302: 14299: 14295: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14286: 14285:G. H. W. Bush 14282: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14270: 14266: 14265:G. H. W. Bush 14262: 14259: 14255: 14252: 14251: 14250: 14249:G. H. W. Bush 14246: 14242: 14241:1984 (Dallas) 14239: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14230: 14229:G. H. W. Bush 14226: 14222: 14219: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14206: 14202: 14199: 14195: 14192: 14191: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14179: 14175: 14172: 14171: 14170: 14166: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14146: 14142: 14139: 14135: 14132: 14131: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14119: 14115: 14112: 14111: 14110: 14106: 14102: 14099: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14086: 14082: 14079: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14059: 14055: 14052: 14051: 14050: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14035: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14026: 14022: 14019: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14010: 14006: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13990: 13986: 13982: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13971: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13959: 13955: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13946: 13942: 13939: 13935: 13932: 13931: 13930: 13926: 13922: 13919: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13899: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13869: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13856: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13843: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13817: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13804: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13791: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13739: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13726: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13700: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13690: 13688: 13679: 13672: 13666: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13622: 13613: 13608: 13606: 13601: 13599: 13594: 13593: 13590: 13578: 13570: 13568: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13524: 13520: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13504: 13500: 13497: 13494: 13490: 13489:Joe Lieberman 13487: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13474: 13470: 13467: 13464: 13460: 13459:Lloyd Bentsen 13457: 13454: 13450: 13447: 13444: 13440: 13437: 13434: 13430: 13427: 13424: 13420: 13417: 13414: 13410: 13409:Edmund Muskie 13407: 13404: 13400: 13397: 13394: 13390: 13387: 13384: 13380: 13377: 13374: 13370: 13369:John Sparkman 13367: 13364: 13360: 13357: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13344: 13340: 13337: 13334: 13330: 13327: 13324: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13310: 13307: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13294: 13290: 13287: 13284: 13280: 13277: 13274: 13270: 13267: 13264: 13260: 13257: 13254: 13250: 13247: 13244: 13240: 13237: 13234: 13230: 13229:Arthur Sewall 13227: 13224: 13220: 13219:Whitelaw Reid 13217: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13199:John A. Logan 13197: 13194: 13190: 13187: 13184: 13180: 13177: 13174: 13170: 13167: 13164: 13160: 13157: 13154: 13150: 13147: 13144: 13140: 13137: 13134: 13130: 13127: 13124: 13120: 13117: 13114: 13110: 13107: 13104: 13100: 13097: 13094: 13090: 13087: 13084: 13080: 13077: 13074: 13070: 13067: 13064: 13060: 13059:John Sergeant 13057: 13054: 13050: 13047: 13044: 13040: 13037: 13034: 13030: 13027: 13024: 13020: 13017: 13014: 13010: 13007: 13004: 13000: 12996: 12993: 12990: 12986: 12983: 12980: 12976: 12973: 12970: 12966: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12933: 12928: 12926: 12921: 12919: 12914: 12913: 12910: 12889: 12886: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12705: 12701: 12694: 12689: 12687: 12682: 12680: 12675: 12674: 12671: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12637: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12420: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12398: 12397: 12393: 12390: 12387: 12384: 12383: 12379: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12357: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12291:Gen. Victoria 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12266: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12195:Capt. Portolá 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12180: 12176: 12169: 12164: 12162: 12157: 12155: 12150: 12149: 12146: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12103: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12085: 12080: 12078: 12073: 12071: 12066: 12065: 12062: 12045: 12035: 12025: 12022: 12019: 12016: 12013: 12010: 12007: 12004: 12001: 11998: 11995: 11992: 11989: 11986: 11983: 11980: 11977: 11974: 11971: 11968: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11956: 11953: 11950: 11947: 11944: 11941: 11938: 11935:* (1972–1986) 11934: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11909: 11906: 11903: 11900: 11897: 11894: 11891: 11888: 11885: 11882: 11879: 11876: 11873: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11861: 11858: 11855: 11852: 11849: 11846: 11843: 11840: 11837: 11834: 11831: 11828: 11825: 11822: 11819: 11816: 11813: 11810: 11807: 11804: 11801: 11798: 11795: 11792: 11789:* (1925–1941) 11788: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11775: 11772: 11769: 11766: 11763: 11760: 11757: 11754: 11751: 11748: 11745: 11742: 11739: 11736: 11733: 11730: 11727:* (1910–1916) 11726: 11722: 11719: 11716: 11713: 11710: 11707: 11704: 11701: 11698: 11695: 11692: 11689: 11686: 11683:* (1894–1910) 11682: 11678: 11675: 11672: 11669: 11666: 11663: 11660: 11657: 11654: 11651: 11648: 11645: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11633: 11630: 11627: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11612: 11609: 11606: 11603: 11600: 11597: 11594: 11591: 11588: 11585: 11582: 11579: 11576: 11573: 11570: 11567: 11564: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11552: 11549: 11546: 11543: 11540: 11537: 11534: 11531: 11528: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11510: 11507: 11504: 11501: 11498: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11486: 11483: 11480: 11477: 11474: 11471: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11456: 11453: 11450: 11447: 11444: 11441: 11438: 11435: 11432: 11429: 11426: 11423: 11420: 11417: 11414: 11411: 11408: 11405: 11402: 11399:* (1790–1791) 11398: 11394: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11380: 11376: 11365: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11343: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11331: 11327: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11315: 11311: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11289: 11288: 11283: 11279: 11276: 11273: 11272: 11267: 11263: 11260: 11257: 11256: 11251: 11247: 11244: 11241: 11240: 11235: 11231: 11228: 11225: 11224: 11219: 11215: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11203: 11199: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11183: 11180: 11177: 11176: 11171: 11167: 11164: 11161: 11160: 11155: 11151: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11139: 11135: 11134:John Marshall 11132: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11119: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11103: 11102:John Rutledge 11100: 11097: 11096: 11091: 11087: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11054: 11049: 11047: 11042: 11040: 11035: 11034: 11031: 11025: 11018: 11003: 10994: 10993: 10986: 10985:Culbert Olson 10980: 10975: 10971: 10970:Richard Nixon 10964: 10960: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10945: 10939: 10935: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10912: 10911:Culbert Olson 10906: 10902: 10895: 10891: 10890: 10882: 10876: 10872: 10865: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10848: 10841: 10840:Frank Merriam 10835: 10830: 10826: 10817: 10816: 10809: 10803: 10799: 10790: 10789: 10782: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10759: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10693: 10689: 10686: 10683: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10664: 10661: 10660: 10650: 10644: 10640: 10635: 10631: 10627: 10626:Stone, Irving 10623: 10619: 10613: 10608: 10607: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10579: 10575: 10573:9780871407665 10569: 10565: 10560: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10511: 10506: 10502: 10496: 10492: 10487: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10462: 10456: 10453: 10448: 10447: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10427: 10422: 10418: 10412: 10408: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10397:"Earl Warren" 10393: 10389: 10383: 10378: 10377: 10370: 10369: 10358: 10352: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10301: 10296: 10290: 10286: 10285: 10279: 10278: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10250: 10244: 10240: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10216: 10212: 10211: 10205: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10176: 10172: 10170:9781576071601 10166: 10162: 10157: 10153: 10151:9780814778265 10147: 10143: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10123: 10122: 10115: 10111: 10105: 10100: 10099: 10092: 10088: 10082: 10078: 10077: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10042: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9965: 9960: 9956: 9950: 9946: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9926: 9925: 9918: 9917: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9817: 9813: 9807: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9667: 9663: 9657: 9642: 9638: 9632: 9617: 9613: 9607: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9492: 9488: 9482: 9467: 9463: 9457: 9442: 9441:ew.sduhsd.net 9438: 9432: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9402: 9391:September 27, 9387: 9383: 9376: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9317:September 27, 9312: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9287:September 27, 9283: 9279: 9273: 9257: 9251: 9240:September 27, 9236: 9232: 9226: 9218: 9212: 9201:September 27, 9197: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9168: 9152: 9148: 9142: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9107: 9099: 9095: 9094: 9086: 9079: 9074: 9058: 9051: 9044: 9039: 9032: 9027: 9020: 9015: 9004:September 22, 8999: 8995: 8989: 8978:September 22, 8974: 8973:www.hakes.com 8970: 8964: 8962: 8954: 8949: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8925:The Economist 8922: 8916: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8889: 8887: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8863: 8852:September 18, 8844: 8840: 8836: 8829: 8822: 8806: 8802: 8801:"Earl Warren" 8796: 8788: 8784: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8748:The Economist 8745: 8739: 8737: 8721: 8717: 8710: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8650: 8645: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8603: 8598: 8591: 8586: 8579: 8574: 8559: 8555: 8549: 8547: 8539: 8534: 8527: 8522: 8515: 8510: 8503:(2): 171–183. 8502: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8479: 8472: 8467: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8448:, p. 11. 8447: 8442: 8435: 8430: 8423: 8422:Chief Justice 8417: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8399:1-56833-234-3 8395: 8391: 8384: 8377: 8376:Chief Justice 8371: 8364: 8358: 8352:, pp. 456-57. 8351: 8345: 8338: 8333: 8326: 8321: 8313: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8281: 8274: 8268:, p. 94. 8267: 8262: 8254: 8247: 8240: 8235: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8217:0-06-095810-3 8213: 8209: 8202: 8195: 8190: 8183: 8178: 8172:, p. 37. 8171: 8166: 8164: 8156: 8151: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8084: 8077: 8072: 8065: 8060: 8053: 8048: 8041: 8036: 8029: 8024: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7995:Mich. L. Rev. 7991: 7984: 7977: 7972: 7965: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7941: 7936: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7899: 7891: 7884: 7879: 7872: 7867: 7851: 7849: 7841: 7833: 7827: 7823: 7822: 7814: 7807: 7802: 7795: 7790: 7783: 7778: 7771: 7766: 7759: 7754: 7747: 7742: 7735: 7730: 7723: 7718: 7711: 7706: 7699: 7694: 7687: 7682: 7675: 7670: 7663: 7658: 7651: 7646: 7639: 7634: 7627: 7622: 7615: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7598: 7593: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7569: 7562: 7557: 7542: 7538: 7537:"Earl Warren" 7532: 7525: 7520: 7509:September 15, 7505: 7501: 7500:"Earl Warren" 7494: 7483:September 19, 7479: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7458: 7453: 7446: 7441: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7412:Mich. L. Rev. 7408: 7401: 7394: 7389: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7366: 7358: 7351: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7323: 7316: 7311: 7304: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7246: 7239: 7234: 7227: 7222: 7215:. p. 11. 7214: 7207: 7199: 7192: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7165: 7158: 7153: 7146: 7141: 7134: 7129: 7122: 7117: 7110: 7105: 7098: 7093: 7086: 7081: 7074: 7069: 7062: 7061: 7054: 7046: 7042: 7035: 7028: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7002: 6995: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6930: 6923: 6918: 6911: 6906: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6882: 6875: 6870: 6863: 6858: 6851: 6846: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6819: 6811: 6806: 6799: 6794: 6787: 6782: 6775: 6770: 6763: 6758: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6727: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6692:, p. 18. 6691: 6690:Schwartz 1983 6686: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6625: 6614:September 14, 6610: 6606: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6587:"Proceedings" 6582: 6574: 6567: 6561: 6550:September 14, 6546: 6542: 6536: 6534: 6526: 6525:Mitchell 2003 6521: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6478: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6446: 6439: 6433:, p. 77. 6432: 6427: 6421:, p. 76. 6420: 6415: 6407: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6387: 6380: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6319: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6220: 6215: 6208: 6203: 6196: 6191: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6121: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6090: 6087:Sumi K. Cho, 6083: 6076: 6071: 6064: 6059: 6052: 6047: 6041:, p. 90. 6040: 6035: 6028: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5985: 5981: 5975: 5967: 5965:9781101545768 5961: 5957: 5956: 5948: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5924: 5917: 5912: 5905: 5900: 5893: 5888: 5881: 5876: 5869: 5864: 5857: 5852: 5845: 5840: 5833: 5828: 5821: 5816: 5809: 5804: 5797: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5758:, p. 58. 5757: 5752: 5745: 5740: 5734:, p. 55. 5733: 5728: 5721: 5716: 5710:, p. 57. 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5649: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5613: 5608: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5580: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5550: 5544: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5463: 5460: 5449: 5446: 5435: 5432: 5421: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5322:Mary E. Kenny 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5046:Edward Martin 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4846: 4845:Culbert Olson 4843: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4805:Culbert Olson 4803: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4792: 4788: 4787:Culbert Olson 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4680: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4652: 4648: 4645: 4642:Warren Hall, 4641: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4607:undergraduate 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4570:San Francisco 4567: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4545: 4540: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4497:San Francisco 4494: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4475: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4423: 4417: 4416:Cass Sunstein 4413: 4409: 4404: 4402: 4401:public policy 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4379:Conservatives 4376: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4346:Anthony Lewis 4343: 4339: 4338:John Marshall 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4305: 4304:The Economist 4300: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4289:John Marshall 4286: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4254:Warren bust, 4252: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4223:lay in repose 4219: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4146:Louis Wolfson 4143: 4138: 4133: 4130: 4120: 4111: 4109: 4104: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4075:Marina Oswald 4071: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4037: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011: 4010:Bond v. Floyd 4006: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3879:Baker v. Carr 3876: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3859: 3858:Baker v. Carr 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3834:Chief Justice 3828: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3744:Terry v. Ohio 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3697:contraception 3694: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3656: 3652: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3639:American flag 3636: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3595:actual malice 3592: 3588: 3587: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3468:right-wingers 3464: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3335:Jim Crow laws 3332: 3328: 3327: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3145:Thomas Kuchel 3142: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086:1948 election 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067:1944 election 3058: 3056: 3052: 3051:Richard Nixon 3048: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2976:San Francisco 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2951: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2913: 2900: 2894: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2801:Culbert Olson 2798: 2797:Frank Merriam 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2676:Frank Merriam 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2656:1932 campaign 2653: 2643: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2617: 2615: 2614:Burton Becker 2611: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522:Armistice Day 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2498:91st Division 2495: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2461:Hiram Johnson 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2290:redistricting 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2261:Jim Crow laws 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2214:Culbert Olson 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2047: 2036: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2014: 2013:American Left 2011: 2009: 2006: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1962:ThinkProgress 1959: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1934:Rolling Stone 1931: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1585:K. B. Jackson 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1312:Kennedy (Ted) 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1177:Cuomo (Mario) 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 821: 818:Intellectuals 815: 814: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 766:Great Society 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 737: 736: 729: 728:Welfare state 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 688:Republicanism 686: 684: 683:Mixed economy 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 668:Individualism 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 600: 594: 593: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 565: 564:Laissez-faire 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 539: 538: 534: 530: 529: 526: 519: 518: 514: 510: 509: 501: 498: 497:91st Division 495: 491: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 465: 462: 458: 455:United States 454: 450: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 418: 414: 410: 406: 383: 379: 376: 373: 369: 366: 363: 361:Resting place 359: 355: 346: 342: 338: 334: 322: 318: 313: 309: 305: 299: 295: 289: 283: 278: 275: 271: 266: 262: 256: 253: 250: 244: 238: 233: 230: 227:Chair of the 225: 222: 219: 213: 210: 207: 201: 198: 197:Culbert Olson 195: 191: 185: 180: 177: 172: 169: 166: 160: 157: 156:Culbert Olson 154: 148: 143: 140: 138: 134: 128: 123: 120: 115: 112: 109: 103: 100: 97: 91: 88: 85: 79: 73: 68: 65: 60: 56: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 18080: 18016: 17998: 17985: 17984: 17958: 17950: 17942: 17934: 17922: 17914: 17906: 17870:Evans (2021) 17855:Parks (2005) 17816: 17798:Brown (1996) 17762:Young (2022) 17720:Lewis (2020) 17708: 17686: 17674: 17647: 17629: 17621: 17604: 17581: 17573: 17563:Dewey (1917) 17550: 17545:Logan (1886) 17537: 17510: 17460:Individuals 17409: 17390: 17383: 17376: 17368:Independents 17355:VP nominee: 17354: 17346: 17326:VP nominee: 17325: 17317: 17296: 17276:VP nominee: 17275: 17267: 17247:VP nominee: 17246: 17238: 17165: 17156:VP nominee: 17155: 17147: 17100: 17077: 17068:VP nominee: 17067: 17059: 17018:→ 1956 17010:← 1948 16957: 16938: 16930:Independents 16917:VP nominee: 16916: 16908: 16888:VP nominee: 16887: 16879: 16858: 16850: 16830:VP nominee: 16829: 16821: 16778:VP nominee: 16777: 16769: 16739: 16682: 16674: 16673:VP nominee: 16672: 16664: 16604: 16595:VP nominee: 16594: 16579: 16538:→ 1952 16530:← 1944 16478: 16461:Willard Kemp 16459:VP nominee: 16458: 16450: 16430:VP nominee: 16429: 16421: 16401:VP nominee: 16400: 16392: 16372:VP nominee: 16371: 16363: 16343:VP nominee: 16342: 16334: 16314:VP nominee: 16313: 16308:Earl Browder 16305: 16260: 16251:Warren Green 16232: 16223:VP nominee: 16222: 16214: 16179: 16162: 16152: 16144: 16109: 16101:→ 1940 16093:← 1932 16035:Bibliography 15795: 15674:South Dakota 15664:Rhode Island 15659:Pennsylvania 15639:North Dakota 14473:Presidential 14460: 14381:2012 (Tampa) 14068: 13685:presidential 13669:Presidential 13499:John Edwards 13358: 13259:John W. Kern 13049:Richard Rush 12805: 12653:By education 12579: 12426:(since 1850) 12396:Maj. Frémont 12394: 12391: 12380: 12377: 12336: 12333: 12269:Under Mexico 12205:Capt. Rivera 12118:Allen Dulles 12101: 12033: 11732:Van Devanter 11620:J. M. Harlan 11349: 11346:2005–present 11342:John Roberts 11333: 11317: 11301: 11293: 11285: 11269: 11253: 11237: 11221: 11205: 11189: 11173: 11157: 11141: 11125: 11109: 11093: 10990: 10949: 10920:nominee for 10916: 10886: 10849:nominee for 10845: 10813: 10786: 10729:A film clip 10675: 10638: 10629: 10605: 10586: 10582: 10563: 10538: 10532: 10509: 10490: 10468:(1): 87–97. 10465: 10459: 10450: 10445: 10425: 10401: 10375: 10324: 10305: 10283: 10237: 10209: 10183: 10179: 10163:. ABC-CLIO. 10160: 10141: 10120: 10097: 10075: 10049: 10045: 10033:. Retrieved 10013: 10007: 9986: 9982: 9963: 9944: 9923: 9894:. Retrieved 9890: 9881: 9869:. Retrieved 9865: 9856: 9844:. Retrieved 9840: 9831: 9819:. Retrieved 9815: 9806: 9794:. Retrieved 9790: 9781: 9769:. 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In 1958, 4322:Constitution 4315: 4309: 4302: 4298:The Atlantic 4296: 4282: 4279:human rights 4263:Warren Court 4260: 4220: 4213: 4195: 4183:Burger Court 4179: 4150: 4134: 4125: 4102: 4099: 4091: 4072: 4057: 4042: 4008: 3998: 3997:in 1955. In 3994:Naim v. Naim 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3961: 3947: 3939: 3937: 3928:Civil rights 3912: 3906: 3904: 3897: 3887: 3878: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3854: 3845: 3830: 3825: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3752: 3742: 3738:Mapp v. Ohio 3736: 3726: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3690: 3686: 3663: 3661: 3642: 3632: 3622: 3608: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3553: 3529: 3486:Vinson Court 3475: 3465: 3460: 3454: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3411: 3409: 3395: 3388:Tom C. Clark 3375: 3373: 3368: 3354: 3324: 3322: 3317: 3289: 3285: 3252: 3247:Warren Court 3200: 3177: 3157:Warren Court 3137: 3110: 3083: 3071:favorite son 3064: 3043: 3020: 3008: 2994: 2984: 2956: 2923: 2898: 2891: 2887: 2882:oral history 2879: 2875: 2868: 2852:isolationist 2848:World War II 2845: 2805: 2789:cross-filing 2774: 2756:Grand Master 2733: 2709: 2697: 2649: 2628: 2618: 2606: 2586: 2559: 2490: 2442: 2395: 2366: 2352: 2342: 2336: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2294:incorporated 2283: 2268: 2256: 2248: 2231:and Senator 2218: 2202:World War II 2159: 2131: 2130:(1966), and 2125: 2119: 2113: 2098:Warren Court 2085: 2084: 1997: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1939: 1932: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1894:Mother Jones 1892: 1885: 1875:The Atlantic 1873: 1866: 1689: 1619: 603:Civil rights 562: 553:Conservative 349:(1974-07-09) 347:July 9, 1974 302:Succeeded by 281: 259:Succeeded by 236: 216:Succeeded by 183: 163:Succeeded by 126: 106:Succeeded by 82:Nominated by 71: 36: 21:Earle Warren 18112:1974 deaths 18107:1891 births 18061:Byrd (2010) 17730:Reid (2022) 17725:Dole (2021) 17505:Clay (1852) 17222:independent 17218:Third-party 17101:Earl Warren 17096:Robert Taft 16805:independent 16801:third-party 16675:Earl Warren 16385:Union Party 16289:independent 16285:Third-party 16261:Earl Warren 15853:Fundraising 15774:Affiliated 15755:Puerto Rico 15589:Mississippi 15504:Connecticut 15226:Summerfield 15001:(2019–2023) 14995:(2015–2019) 14989:(2007–2015) 14983:(1999–2007) 14977:(1995–1999) 14971:(1981–1995) 14965:(1973–1981) 14959:(1965–1973) 14953:(1959–1965) 14947:(1939–1959) 14941:(1931–1939) 14935:(1925–1931) 14929:(1919–1925) 14923:(1911–1919) 14917:(1903–1911) 14911:(1899–1903) 14905:(1895–1899) 14899:(1891–1895) 14893:(1889–1891) 14887:(1883–1889) 14881:(1881–1883) 14875:(1879–1881) 14869:(1877–1879) 14863:(1875–1877) 14857:(1869–1875) 14845:(1863–1869) 14839:(1861–1863) 14833:(1860–1861) 14792:(2003–2007) 14786:(1996–2003) 14780:(1985–1996) 14774:(1980–1985) 14768:(1979–1980) 14762:(1977–1979) 14756:(1969–1977) 14750:(1959–1969) 14744:(1953–1959) 14732:(1952–1953) 14726:(1949–1952) 14720:(1944–1949) 14714:(1941–1944) 14708:(1940–1941) 14702:(1933–1940) 14696:(1929–1933) 14690:(1924–1929) 14684:(1918–1924) 14678:(1913–1918) 14672:(1911–1913) 14666:(1908–1911) 14660:(1897–1908) 14654:(1891–1897) 14648:(1885–1891) 14642:(1884–1885) 14636:(1862–1884) 14630:(1859–1862) 14610:U.S. Senate 14601:(2017–2021) 14595:(2001–2009) 14589:(1989–1993) 14583:(1981–1989) 14577:(1974–1977) 14571:(1969–1974) 14565:(1953–1961) 14559:(1929–1933) 14553:(1923–1929) 14547:(1921–1923) 14541:(1909–1913) 14535:(1901–1909) 14529:(1897–1901) 14523:(1889–1893) 14517:(1881–1885) 14505:(1877–1881) 14499:(1869–1877) 14493:(1865–1868) 14487:(1861–1865) 13678:conventions 13509:Sarah Palin 13359:Earl Warren 12846:Van de Kamp 12643:Before 1850 12389:Gen. Kearny 12382:Gen. Flores 12370:Cdre. Sloat 12362:(1846–1850) 12350:Don P. Pico 12296:Don P. Pico 12272:(1822–1846) 12230:Col. Bórica 12220:Capt. Roméu 12186:(1769–1822) 12183:Under Spain 12123:Gerald Ford 12102:Earl Warren 11984:(1994–2022) 11978:(1993–2020) 11966:(1990–2009) 11960:(1988–2018) 11954:(1986–2016) 11948:(1981–2006) 11942:(1975–2010) 11928:(1972–1987) 11922:(1970–1994) 11916:(1967–1991) 11914:T. Marshall 11910:(1965–1969) 11904:(1962–1965) 11898:(1962–1993) 11892:(1958–1981) 11886:(1957–1962) 11880:(1956–1990) 11874:(1955–1971) 11868:(1949–1956) 11862:(1949–1967) 11856:(1945–1958) 11850:(1943–1949) 11848:W. Rutledge 11844:(1941–1954) 11838:(1941–1942) 11832:(1940–1949) 11826:(1939–1975) 11820:(1939–1962) 11818:Frankfurter 11814:(1938–1957) 11808:(1937–1971) 11802:(1932–1938) 11796:(1930–1945) 11782:(1923–1930) 11776:(1923–1939) 11770:(1922–1938) 11764:(1916–1922) 11758:(1916–1939) 11752:(1914–1941) 11746:(1912–1922) 11740:(1911–1916) 11734:(1911–1937) 11720:(1910–1914) 11714:(1906–1910) 11708:(1903–1922) 11702:(1902–1932) 11696:(1898–1925) 11690:(1896–1909) 11676:(1893–1895) 11670:(1892–1903) 11664:(1891–1906) 11658:(1890–1910) 11652:(1888–1893) 11646:(1882–1893) 11640:(1882–1902) 11634:(1881–1889) 11628:(1881–1887) 11622:(1877–1911) 11616:(1873–1882) 11610:(1870–1892) 11604:(1870–1880) 11598:(1863–1897) 11592:(1862–1877) 11586:(1862–1890) 11580:(1862–1881) 11574:(1858–1881) 11568:(1853–1861) 11562:(1851–1857) 11556:(1846–1870) 11550:(1845–1851) 11544:(1845–1872) 11538:(1842–1860) 11532:(1838–1852) 11526:(1837–1865) 11520:(1836–1841) 11514:(1835–1867) 11508:(1830–1844) 11502:(1829–1861) 11496:(1826–1828) 11490:(1823–1843) 11484:(1812–1845) 11478:(1811–1835) 11472:(1807–1826) 11466:(1807–1823) 11460:(1804–1834) 11454:(1800–1804) 11448:(1798–1829) 11442:(1796–1811) 11436:(1793–1806) 11430:(1792–1793) 11424:(1790–1799) 11418:(1790–1795) 11412:(1789–1798) 11406:(1790–1810) 11397:J. Rutledge 11294:Earl Warren 10672:Earl Warren 10079:. Penguin. 9913:Works cited 9896:February 2, 9871:February 2, 9846:February 2, 9821:February 2, 9796:February 2, 9771:February 2, 9746:February 2, 9721:February 2, 9696:February 2, 9671:February 2, 9646:February 2, 9621:February 2, 9596:February 2, 9571:February 2, 9546:February 2, 9078:Driver 2012 8893:Driver 2012 8649:Newton 2006 7546:January 10, 7047:(1): 47–56. 6015:Newton 2006 5958:. Penguin. 5566:Gerald Ford 5562:impeachment 5401: – 280 5395: – 845 5364: – 500 5358: – 595 5328:Wayne Morse 4781:Fred Dyster 4550:Earl Warren 4530:, Warren's 4511:with a 29¢ 4408:Robert Bork 4389:originalist 4293:Roger Taney 4019:Vietnam War 4015:Julian Bond 3710:Roe v. Wade 3605:Vietnam War 3482:McCarthyism 3436:unanimous. 3431:. Although 3249:(1953–1954) 3174:Appointment 2832:UC Berkeley 2793:Progressive 2736:Freemasonry 2731:, in 1953. 2658:and, after 2610:Prohibition 2422:Minneapolis 2414:Hälsingland 2398:Los Angeles 2245:McCarthyism 2162:Los Angeles 2086:Earl Warren 1745:Think tanks 1701:Half-Breeds 1442:Rockefeller 1332:La Follette 1086:Politicians 984:Schlesinger 693:Rule of law 658:Free market 608:Due process 575:Progressive 386:Nina Meyers 333:Los Angeles 296:Ezra Decoto 292:Preceded by 247:Preceded by 204:Preceded by 151:Preceded by 94:Preceded by 43:Earl Warren 18101:Categories 17630:Eisenhower 17582:W. H. Taft 17299:Eric Hass 17224:candidates 17141:Candidates 17127:Convention 17053:Candidates 17039:Convention 16807:candidates 16763:Candidates 16754:Convention 16658:Candidates 16644:Convention 16573:Candidates 16559:Convention 16291:candidates 16256:Frank Knox 16225:Frank Knox 16217:Alf Landon 16208:Candidates 16194:Convention 16138:Candidates 16124:Convention 15704:Washington 15624:New Mexico 15619:New Jersey 15494:California 15305:Fahrenkopf 15300:Fahrenkopf 15221:Gabrielson 14831:Pennington 14821:Conference 14807:U.S. House 14628:J. P. Hale 14618:Conference 14593:G. W. Bush 14563:Eisenhower 14345:G. W. Bush 14325:G. W. Bush 14105:Eisenhower 14085:Eisenhower 13539:Mike Pence 13469:Dan Quayle 13329:Frank Knox 13079:John Tyler 12995:Rufus King 12975:Aaron Burr 12841:Deukmejian 12791:Fitzgerald 12751:McCullough 12648:Since 1850 12605:Deukmejian 12555:Richardson 12545:H. Johnson 12450:J. Johnson 12423:U.S. state 12413:Gen. Riley 12408:Gen. Smith 12403:Gen. Mason 12399:(mutineer) 12321:Col. Chico 12215:Col. Fages 12200:Col. Fages 12108:Hale Boggs 12104:(Chairman) 12024:K. Jackson 11842:R. Jackson 11794:O. Roberts 11768:Sutherland 11750:McReynolds 11674:H. Jackson 11644:Blatchford 11464:Livingston 11458:W. Johnson 11446:Washington 11428:T. Johnson 10996:1943–1953 10951:Republican 10918:Democratic 10847:Republican 10819:1953–1969 10792:1939–1943 9521:October 3, 9496:October 3, 9471:October 3, 9446:October 3, 9421:October 3, 9365:October 3, 8938:October 4, 8761:October 4, 8634:October 6, 8348:Bugliosi, 7856:January 5, 7638:White 1981 7157:White 1981 7109:White 1982 6835:October 3, 6431:White 1982 6419:White 1982 6207:White 1982 6142:October 3, 6075:White 1982 5720:White 1982 5379: – 10 5373: – 20 4733:Frank Knox 4727:Alf Landon 4705:Alf Landon 4548:USNS 4532:alma mater 4310:President 4142:filibuster 4114:Retirement 4060:Lee Rankin 4005:poll taxes 3932:See also: 3617:under the 3544:Abe Fortas 3508:See also: 3306:See also: 3271:Hugo Black 2959:efficiency 2933:, and the 2880:In a 1972 2721:Sacramento 2688:Alf Landon 2566:Sacramento 2402:California 2210:Democratic 1948:Sojourners 1906:The Nation 1512:Yarborough 1337:La Guardia 894:Hofstadter 761:Gilded Age 597:Principles 522:Liberalism 452:Allegiance 375:Republican 337:California 326:1891-03-19 306:Ralph Hoyt 137:Lieutenant 18017:Rehnquist 17951:Roosevelt 17898:East Room 17689:(2006–07, 17622:H. Hoover 17470:in repose 17347:Nominee: 17318:Nominee: 17297:Nominee: 17268:Nominee: 17239:Nominee: 17148:Nominee: 17132:Primaries 17060:Nominee: 17044:Primaries 16909:Nominee: 16880:Nominee: 16859:Nominee: 16851:Nominee: 16822:Nominee: 16770:Nominee: 16665:Nominee: 16649:Primaries 16564:Primaries 16451:Nominee: 16422:Nominee: 16393:Nominee: 16364:Nominee: 16335:Nominee: 16306:Nominee: 16215:Nominee: 16199:Primaries 16129:Primaries 16025:Primaries 15961:Factional 15891:Sectional 15728:Territory 15714:Wisconsin 15679:Tennessee 15584:Minnesota 15559:Louisiana 15460:territory 15458:state and 15345:Gillespie 15330:Nicholson 15266:R. Morton 15246:T. Morton 15131:Rosewater 15121:Hitchcock 15111:Cortelyou 14933:Longworth 14796:McConnell 14676:Gallinger 14533:Roosevelt 14454:primaries 14434:primaries 14414:primaries 14394:primaries 14374:primaries 14354:primaries 14334:primaries 14314:primaries 14294:primaries 14274:primaries 14254:primaries 14234:primaries 14214:primaries 14194:primaries 14174:primaries 14154:primaries 14145:Goldwater 14134:primaries 14114:primaries 14094:primaries 14074:primaries 14054:primaries 14034:primaries 14014:primaries 13994:primaries 13974:primaries 13954:primaries 13934:primaries 13914:primaries 13909:Fairbanks 13894:primaries 13859:Fairbanks 13855:Roosevelt 13846:Roosevelt 13687:primaries 13529:Tim Kaine 13519:Paul Ryan 13479:Jack Kemp 12882:Rodriquez 12726:McConnell 12716:McDougall 12012:Kavanaugh 11994:Sotomayor 11933:Rehnquist 11884:Whittaker 11330:1986–2005 11314:1969–1986 11298:1953–1969 11282:1946–1953 11266:1941–1946 11250:1930–1941 11234:1921–1930 11218:1910–1921 11202:1888–1910 11186:1874–1888 11170:1864–1873 11154:1836–1864 11138:1801–1835 11122:1796–1800 11090:1789–1795 10555:144488598 10407:1373–1400 10351:cite book 10343:863152345 9262:April 10, 9131:April 13, 9111:Cray 1997 9063:April 13, 9043:Powe 2000 8933:0013-0613 8756:0013-0613 8661:Cray 1997 8602:Cray 1997 8590:Cray 1997 8578:Cray 1997 8526:Cray 1997 8514:Cray 1997 8483:Cray 1997 8471:Cray 1997 8434:Cray 1997 8424:, p. 422. 8378:, p. 429. 8306:cite book 8298:916036483 8155:Cray 1997 8128:cite book 8120:915999588 8088:Cray 1997 8076:Cray 1997 8064:Cray 1997 8052:Cray 1997 8040:Cray 1997 8028:Cray 1997 7976:Cray 1997 7964:Cray 1997 7952:Cray 1997 7940:Cray 1997 7927:154022059 7883:Cray 1997 7871:Cray 1997 7806:Cray 1997 7794:Cray 1997 7782:Cray 1997 7770:Cray 1997 7758:Cray 1997 7746:Cray 1997 7734:Cray 1997 7722:Cray 1997 7710:Cray 1997 7698:Cray 1997 7686:Cray 1997 7674:Cray 1997 7662:Cray 1997 7650:Cray 1997 7626:Cray 1997 7614:Cray 1997 7597:Cray 1997 7585:Cray 1997 7573:Cray 1997 7561:Cray 1997 7524:Cray 1997 7457:Cray 1997 7445:Cray 1997 7393:Cray 1997 7381:Cray 1997 7315:Cray 1997 7303:Cray 1997 7290:1059-4329 7250:Cray 1997 7238:Cray 1997 7226:Cray 1997 7145:Cray 1997 7133:Powe 2000 7097:Cray 1997 7027:Cray 1997 6994:Cray 1997 6982:Cray 1997 6958:Cray 1997 6946:Cray 1997 6934:Cray 1997 6922:Cray 1997 6910:Cray 1997 6898:Cray 1997 6886:Cray 1997 6874:Cray 1997 6862:Cray 1997 6850:Cray 1997 6810:Cray 1997 6798:Cray 1997 6786:Cray 1997 6774:Cray 1997 6762:Cray 1997 6750:Cray 1997 6738:Cray 1997 6726:Cray 1997 6714:Cray 1997 6702:Cray 1997 6678:Cray 1997 6653:154088575 6470:Cray 1997 6458:Cray 1997 6379:Cray 1997 6304:: 613–629 6219:Cray 1997 6195:Cray 1997 6063:Cray 1997 6051:Cray 1997 6039:Cray 1997 6027:Cray 1997 5940:Cray 1997 5928:Cray 1997 5916:Cray 1997 5904:Cray 1997 5892:Cray 1997 5880:Cray 1997 5868:Cray 1997 5856:Cray 1997 5844:Cray 1997 5832:Cray 1997 5820:Cray 1997 5808:Cray 1997 5780:Cray 1997 5768:Cray 1997 5756:Cray 1997 5744:Cray 1997 5732:Cray 1997 5708:Cray 1997 5696:Cray 1997 5684:Cray 1997 5672:Cray 1997 5660:Cray 1997 5648:Cray 1997 5636:Cray 1997 5624:Cray 1997 5612:Cray 1997 5600:Cray 1997 5588:Cray 1997 5576:Citations 5410: – 4 5220:Dixiecrat 4275:democracy 4083:Jack Ruby 3842:democracy 3662:In 1962, 3351:segregate 2937:, led by 2682:. In the 2426:Minnesota 2406:Stavanger 2212:governor 2204:. In the 2108:" in the 1600:Sotomayor 1507:Wellstone 1487:Stevenson 1267:Jefferson 1197:Feinstein 1127:Buttigieg 1074:Wellstone 909:Jefferson 899:Ingersoll 884:Galbraith 801:Third Way 756:Fair Deal 585:Third Way 548:Classical 473:1917–1918 435:Signature 416:Education 286:1925–1939 282:In office 241:1932–1938 237:In office 184:In office 127:In office 117:30th 72:In office 17935:McKinley 17907:Harrison 17551:McKinley 17538:Garfield 17466:in honor 16588:campaign 16050:Trumpism 15905:Chairmen 15822:Factions 15784:Congress 15699:Virginia 15649:Oklahoma 15629:New York 15604:Nebraska 15594:Missouri 15579:Michigan 15569:Maryland 15554:Kentucky 15534:Illinois 15509:Delaware 15499:Colorado 15489:Arkansas 15379:McDaniel 15355:Martínez 15291:Richards 15206:Brownell 15201:Spangler 15186:Hamilton 15181:Fletcher 15091:Campbell 15086:Clarkson 15056:Chandler 14999:McCarthy 14975:Gingrich 14814:Speakers 14742:Knowland 14551:Coolidge 14527:McKinley 14521:Harrison 14509:Garfield 13945:Coolidge 13929:Coolidge 13842:McKinley 13829:McKinley 13816:Harrison 13803:Harrison 13777:Garfield 13676:national 13429:Bob Dole 12884:(acting) 12873:(acting) 12861:J. Brown 12821:P. Brown 12776:Marshall 12766:Hamilton 12756:Hamilton 12741:Williams 12721:Hastings 12625:J. Brown 12600:J. Brown 12590:P. Brown 12550:Stephens 12515:Waterman 12510:Bartlett 12505:Stoneman 12470:Stanford 12440:McDougal 12338:Carrillo 12250:Don Solá 11976:Ginsburg 11946:O'Connor 11920:Blackmun 11902:Goldberg 11896:B. White 11756:Brandeis 11738:J. Lamar 11681:E. White 11650:L. Lamar 11632:Matthews 11572:Clifford 11566:Campbell 11548:Woodbury 11530:McKinley 11488:Thompson 11440:S. Chase 11434:Paterson 11086:John Jay 10628:(1948). 10235:(1979). 10066:41172162 10035:July 30, 9995:23408735 9415:Archived 9355:nisd.net 9175:Archived 9100:: 49–60. 8998:Observer 8408:49302082 8361:Newton, 8226:49301736 7340:June 15, 6512:41172311 6394:(1976). 6354:(1976). 6326:(1969). 6262:(1976). 6234:(1976). 6002:Archived 5984:Archived 5722:, Ch. 2. 5417:See also 4985:write-in 4791:write-in 4789:(inc.) 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