Military justice - Knowledge

2185:. The military jurisdiction encompasses all military persons: conscripts, students training for a paid military position, females serving voluntarily and paid military personnel. However, military chaplains are outside the criminal military jurisdiction. Reservists belong to the military jurisdiction when activated voluntarily or involuntarily. The military jurisdiction starts from the moment when a person reports to duty or was liable to report to duty and lasts to the moment when the person has been discharged from service and, in case of conscripts and involuntarily activated reservists, has also left the military area. During wartime, also civilians serving in the Defence Forces or in civilian institutions that have been put under the direction of Defence Forces are under military jurisdiction. Enemy 68: 2440:

be administratively suspended for a period of one to six months. Similarly to state military servants, persons serving in a deployed force on an international mission may be administratively dismissed by the commander of the Finnish contingent. A conscript or a reservist cannot be dismissed but their service can be suspended by the brigade commander if they are suspected of having committed a crime which shows that they may endanger the safety of others. Following this, the person may be declared permanently unfit for duty by the Defence Forces regional office for safety and security reasons.

4616: 4630: 2165: 2976:. N.b Members of a Finnish contingent in a crisis management mission are not considered state military servants unless they hold that position in a domestically serving unit. (Most members do not, but will return to civilian employment after the tour of duty.) Instead, they have a special service relationship to the state, thus necessitating differentiation between state military servants and crisis management personnel. 2764:, bribery, intimidation, misuse of assets, failure to supervise, dereliction of duty, conduct unbecoming, and refusal to obey a lawful order. It also includes ordinary crimes, but perhaps with different standards of proof and punishment than for civilians, on the grounds that more is expected of military personnel by their oaths of office. Many of the terms used date back to the era during which the code was written. 2310:. If the Defence Command requires the use of the most invasive investigative measures (e.g. wiretaps, use of deep cover agents or computer intrusion) they may either request the police to conduct the measure or hand over the case to the police, as agreed between the investigator and the competent policeman. If the police considers it necessary, they may always take the case over, however. 2422:) in addition to other punishments, if they are convicted of a military or a civilian crime for more than two years in prison and there are no special grounds for leniency. If the sentence is a life sentence, dismissal is mandatory. The court may also sentence dismissal with a shorter prison sentence if the crime shows that the person is unsuitable for state employment. 2444:

crimes in chapters 11 and 12 of the Penal Code, e.g. espionage, high treason and related crimes), shall be sentenced to lose their military rank also. Thus, not only active military persons but also retired personnel, reservists and persons who are too old to belong to reserve may lose their military ranks for crimes of civilian nature.

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regulation fulfils the indicia of the "service crime". The legislator has purposefully given the military superiors the legal tools by which to maintain discipline by punishing even the slight appearances of bad conduct if they feel it necessary. On the other hand, handing out unofficial punishments is discouraged in the extreme.

2556:, Navy Act and Air Force Act. These laws define the statutory provisions as applicable to men and women in uniform. All these three Acts are available on search from the official website. There are certain para military forces in India too who have laws akin to the ones applicable to defence services. This includes the 3019:

This is, nonetheless, well founded, for practical experience has demonstrated that especially in a military community, measures taken as early as possible to curtail phenomena endangering discipline and order, however slight they may seem, are an efficient way to minimize the number of more serious crimes.

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peacetime, a sentence of disciplinary punishment or up to one year in prison. During wartime, it carries a mandatory prison sentence of not more than four years, and, if the crime caused a particularly immediate danger to the unit, a mandatory minimum of one year, with a maximum sentence of ten years.

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completed the harmonisation of service law, and took full effect on 1 November 2009. Guidance about its application and related matters are provided in the Manual of Service Law. One motivating factor behind the changes in the legislation combining discipline acts across the armed forces is the trend

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In addition to judicial dismissal, the Defence Forces and the Border Guard have the option of administratively ending the military person's service if the person is in a paid position. This can happen even if no criminal charges are pressed. In the Defence Forces, the professional serviceman can also

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The military has a jurisdiction to investigate all military crimes proper, and also a number of other crimes that have been specifically listed as belonging to the military jurisdiction. These include e.g. various types of murder, assault, theft, fraud, forgery, computer hacking and illegal divulging

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Rangaistavan palvelusvelvollisuuden rikkomisen ala on ehdotetussa ja myös voimassa olevassa pykälässä laajempi kuin rangaistavan virkavelvollisuuden rikkomisen ala rikoslain 40 luvun 10 §:ssä, koska rangaistavuudelle ei ole asetettu vähäisyyskynnystä. Tämä on kuitenkin perusteltua, sillä käytäntö on

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administration. He will remain in arrest for the same time but continue serving in his unit on duty times unless the court has imposed further limits. Otherwise soldiers will be detained in civil state prisons. In the case of a soldier being sentenced to jail for one year or more (six months or more

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The extent of punishable disregard for duty is both in the proposed and existing legislation wider than that of punishable disregard for civil servant's duty as defined in the Section 10, Chapter 40 of the Penal Code, as there is no minimum threshold below which the disregard would not be criminal.

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Summary dealing by a Commanding Officer (CO) is the central feature, this is acceptable within the ECHR because an accused always has the right to elect trial by the Court Martial. Most cases are dealt with summarily. Typically a CO is a Lieutenant Colonel or equivalent (NATO grade OF-4), but a CO

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If the military person is no longer in service, the summary disciplinary procedure cannot be used and the military has no longer any law enforcement power over the issue. In such cases, the former service member is investigated by the civilian police but the case is handled by a court with military

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When the crime falls under military jurisdiction, it is usually investigated by the serviceman's own unit. During such investigation, the serviceman's superior and the company commander have the power to detain the suspect. The battalion commander and military police officers have also the right to

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Military crimes are relatively common in Finland. Partly this is due to the fact that the bar of criminality has been set consciously low. The crime of absence without leave is committed by a soldier who is even a minute late, and a slightest wilful or negligent disregard for a standing order or a

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and Defence Administrative Orders and Directives; they are used as direction for authorities within the CF to administer the day-to-day considerations of the Forces. For example, officer cadets attending military college are organized and subject to regulations more appropriate for their academic

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who acts as primary disciplinary master has the exclusive right to choose: non-judicial punishment (such as fines, curfews, arrests up to seven days), forwarding the decision to the next superior officer of the unit (arrest then can be extended up to 21 days) or calling the military service court

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The number of military crimes is yearly somewhat above 4,000. An absolute majority of these are handled by summary measures, i.e. by a punishments given by the military superiors. Only some 250 military crimes in a year end up for handling in district courts. The number of appeals is vanishingly

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When the investigation is ready, the case is brought to the company commander or sergeant major or for his superior for consideration. After hearing the suspect, the disposing superior either frees the suspect from suspicion or gives an appropriate punishment within the range allowed to him. The

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The German constitution allows the federal government in art. 96 II to create military courts under special circumstances: in times of war, outside Germany or on a German vessel, acting under a legal judge and only for members of the armed forces. In fact, no such laws have been enacted so far.

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As an exception to the principle that the military jurisdiction concerns only military persons, the penal code provides for the loss of military rank. Any person who is sentenced to prison for at least two years or to prison for any length of time for a crime of treasonous nature (specifically,

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If the superior does not feel that his powers allow him to give sufficient punishment, he will transfer the matter to the next higher superior. When the brigade commander determines that he cannot give sufficient punishment, he will transfer the matter to the public prosecutor who will commence

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Unlike other crimes, the military crimes have separate sentence ranges for peace and wartime. During wartime, the crimes carry considerably larger sentence ranges and, if the crime causes the danger to the military unit, the sentence range is even harsher. For example, desertion carries, in the

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The military crimes that go to court are handled by civilian courts that have military members. The district court has a learned civilian judge and two military members. One of them is an officer and the other a warrant officer, an NCO or a private. The court of appeals, that acts as the first

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Administrative procedures enable a service man or woman to be discharged for unsatisfactory behaviour in a process similar to that in the private sector. They also allow a superior of any rank to award up to three extra duties or similar to a subordinate for minor infractions. Since being

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prosecution in a civilian court. If the serviceman feels that the punishment was unjust, he can appeal to the brigade commander. The brigade commander's decision can be appealed to the district court within seven days. However, the appeals will not prevent the execution of the punishment.

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As in Germany, persons under military jurisdiction are under the usual civilian criminal law. The military criminal law, the 45th Chapter of the penal code, encompasses only the crimes which only military persons can commit. The most important of these are various types of "service crime"

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has two officers with at least colonel's rank as members when handling military crimes. These members are not named for a specific case but serve for two-year terms. The military members of the district court are selected by the court of appeals on the motion of the Commander of the

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may delegate some powers of summary dealing to a subordinate. The superior officer of a CO, a Higher Authority, may vary a CO's powers of summary dealing. An implication is that every person subject to service law must have a CO, and a CO must have a Higher Authority.

3116: 2623:(ECHR) had considerable impact on the administration of military justice, particularly the need for the independence of the courts martial system. Nevertheless, the underlying premise of the service justice system is that discipline is a matter for commanders. 2386:

The sentences of the courts for military crimes are served in civilian prisons. An exception is formed by the disciplinary arrest, which may be sentenced for up to 30 days and is served in the detention facilities of the convict's garrison.

2532:) which has the power for further punishment (like degradation and shortening the salary up to five years). The judge of such a court is a civil one, two military officers are attending every case and act as consultants to the judge. 3012:

osoittanut, että erityisesti sotilasyhteisössä mahdollisimman varhaisessa vaiheessa tapahtuva puuttuminen kuria ja järjestystä vaarantaviin suhteellisen lieviinkin ilmiöihin on tehokas keino vähentää vakavampien rikosten määrää.

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in civil issues. In cases of both groups involved (on German terrain), regular and military police cooperate. In emergencies, the regular police is authorized to maintain order until the military police has arrived.

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In the Border Guard, the Border Guard headquarters has the same internal law enforcement authority as the Defence Command in the Defence Forces, in addition to the regular law enforcement powers of the Border Guard.

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is sentenced. Typically, this is the case when a reservist is absent from an obligatory refresher exercise or a conscript is, after the commission of crime, declared unfit for duty for medical or security reasons.

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success than the enforcement of discipline, as might be expected of fully trained members. Volume IV, Appendix 6.1 of The Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Military Colleges (QR Canmilcols) applies.

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When the military has jurisdiction over an ordinary crime, and the crime carries fine as a punishment, a disciplinary punishment may be given instead of fine both in summary proceedings and in the courts of law.

2494:) to crimes that can be only committed on military duty: General offenses (such as desertion, illegal use of weapons and more) and offenses that interfere with the military hierarchy (such as mutiny or abuse). 2356:

During peacetime, professional soldiers (with the exception of certain soldiers deployed to international missions) cannot be given other disciplinary punishment than a public letter of reprimand or a fine.

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Brigade commander and his superiors: all of above and up to 30 disciplinary fines, one disciplinary fine being one fifth of the individual's daily gross income, or for conscripts, at least conscript's daily

2148:. In Canadian practice, armed combat is a strictly regulated environment and legal officers are a crucial part of the planning that goes into operational decisions. The Military Law Centre on the grounds of 3066: 2059:

have separate and distinct bodies of law that govern the conduct of members of their armed forces. Some states use special judicial and other arrangements to enforce those laws, while others use

2106:(CF) (that is, Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canadian Joint Operations Command, and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command) are primarily governed by the 2120:

has not achieved rigid standing in Canada, the QR&Os authorize other military officials to generate orders having similar, but not equal, status. These instruments can be found in the

2379:. The military members of the Courts of Appeals are selected by the Ministry of Justice on motion of the Ministry of Defence. The military members of the Supreme Court are selected by the 2523:, WDO). The WDO describes how to proceed on offenses that are not (yet) covered by the military penal code but clearly against a military regulation. The head of the unit as 2282:

of classified information. However, they are only under military jurisdiction if the crime has been committed against another military person or against the Defence Forces.

3340: 2749:(CAAF), a federal appellate court consisting of five civilian judges appointed by the President of the United States. CAAF decisions are subject to direct review by the 3029: 2619:

replaces the three separate service discipline acts and earlier Armed Forces Acts as the system of law under which the Armed Forces operate. In the previous decade the

3303: 2152:, staffed with military lawyers, oversees the education of officers and troops in legal matters, trains military lawyers and advises Ottawa on matters of policy and 2111: 2640: 2698:

authorized the creation of a system of military justice. Article I, Section 8 permits the U.S. Congress to "make rules for the government and regulation of the

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When the company commander or his superior feels that the crime is non-trivial and requires professional investigation, they may submit the issue to the

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in 2007. There is increasing voice in the country for the reform on the lines other liberal democracies are seeing in their military justice system.

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Nonetheless, there exist numerous acts that only concern soldiers describing their special status, their rights and duties. The military penal code (

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for investigation. The Defence Command has, in addition to the power of arrest, the power to use almost all other measures that are available to the

4902: 2608: 2471:, the German armed forces, are subject to the ordinary civil jurisdiction and unless otherwise stated all civil laws apply to soldiers as well. 2644: 3045:

Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laiksi sotilaskurinpidosta ja rikostorjunnasta puolustusvoimissa sekä eräiksi siihen liittyviksi laeiksi

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Company sergeant major: a private warning, up to three shifts of extra duty (only to conscripts and involuntarily activated reservists)

2082:, which is the imposition of military authority on a civilian population as a substitute for civil authority, and is often declared in 2370:

instance for the prosecution of officers with at least major's rank, will have a military member who has at least a major's rank. The

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or in severe cases judicial punishments by a special type of court. These procedures are defined by the military discipline code (

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Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle laiksi rikoslain 2 luvun 14 a §:n ja 45 luvun muuttamisesta ja eräiksi siihen liittyviksi laeiksi

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Company commander: a private warning, up to five shifts of extra duty, up to 10 days of confinement to the garrison, a public

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The claim may seem extraordinary. The exact quote from the Government's proposal for the amendment of Penal Code is

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members. In sentencing, disciplinary punishments cannot be used. Instead if a disciplinary punishment, an ordinary

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This article is about legal jurisdiction over military personnel. For military jurisdiction over civilians, see

4675: 4099: 3733: 2895:. (Act on maintenance of military discipline and crime fighting in the Defence Forces)]. Retrieved 2015-08-30. 1610: 3452: 3425: 2027: 1474: 4259: 3738: 2757: 1964: 668: 428: 2806: 2703: 4254: 2114:(QR&Os). The QR&Os are subordinate legislation having the force of law. Since the principle of 1974: 1161: 963: 834: 372: 4229: 3728: 2738: 2695: 2561: 2508: 2307: 2214:) which encompasses all voluntary and negligent disobedience of orders and regulations, "guard crime" ( 2141: 1438: 2539:. If a soldier is sentenced to jail for up to six months, the punishment is executed by the soldier's 2063:. Legal issues unique to military justice include the preservation of good order and discipline, the 4897: 4668: 4312: 3357: 3299: 2726: 2303: 1548: 1056: 405: 279: 133: 4107: 4089: 2831:

Valtioneuvoston asetus sotilasrikoksia koskevien rangaistussäännösten soveltamisalasta (1153/2000)

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The United Kingdom's arrangements for justice in the armed forces dates back many centuries to the

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When the military person holds a permanent or temporary paid position as a state military servant (

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Instead, suspects of crimes committed abroad are subject to the district attorney of the city of

1952: 1934: 1690: 1249: 1171: 1116: 714: 377: 4850: 4739: 4537: 4522: 2648: 2406:), as all officers and NCOs in regular active service do, they will be sentenced to dismissal ( 2178: 1819: 1794: 1516: 1428: 1301: 1176: 777: 754: 200: 99: 3355:

Bessner, Daniel; Lorber, Eric (October 2012). "Toward a Theory of Civil-Military Punishment".

4907: 4790: 4780: 4724: 4641: 4234: 3912: 3723: 2833:. (Government decree on the application of military criminal statutes) Retrieved 2015-08-30. 2627: 2616: 2572: 2557: 1408: 1341: 1294: 948: 911: 874: 792: 744: 628: 438: 246: 155: 3044: 3030:

Entisaikojen armeijaperinne tulkitaan nykyään simputukseksi – ”Ei missään nimessä sallittua”

3000: 2094:. Most countries restrict when and in what manner martial law may be declared and enforced. 2071:

for members of the military. Some states enable their military justice systems to deal with

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was added in 1918. In 1966 a process of harmonisation started with the introduction of a

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small. In year 2014, courts of appeals handled only a total of 5 military criminal cases.

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The military courts in India are coming under extreme stress with the establishment of

2083: 2064: 1984: 1839: 1759: 1680: 1625: 1600: 1521: 1467: 1433: 1364: 1281: 1191: 1096: 1041: 931: 896: 849: 724: 695: 648: 586: 561: 395: 209: 128: 2985: 2969: 2957: 2942: 2927: 2603:. In the late 19th Century this was added to the annual Army Act and embodied in the 4785: 4317: 4239: 4077: 3820: 3815: 3768: 3693: 3687: 3527: 3445: 3378: 3142: 3074: 2699: 2145: 2020: 1929: 1876: 1779: 1769: 1764: 1734: 1717: 1712: 1685: 1630: 1331: 1321: 1316: 1306: 1226: 1216: 1211: 1186: 1156: 1046: 1016: 1011: 1001: 996: 986: 901: 854: 824: 663: 456: 433: 367: 3186: 2892: 2674:

introduced this has significantly reduced the number of cases dealt with summarily.

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Battalion commander, all of above, and up to fifteen days of confinement to garrison

2110:(NDA). Section 12 of the NDA§ authorizes the governor in council's creation of the 1989: 4871: 4825: 4775: 4322: 4289: 3652: 3647: 3612: 3366: 2830: 2415: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2338: 2330: 2271: 2263: 2255: 2247: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2199: 2156:. Legal education is integrated into the regular training that CF members undergo. 1994: 1959: 1891: 1784: 1722: 1543: 1536: 1393: 1326: 1276: 1266: 1141: 1061: 1021: 1006: 973: 958: 829: 814: 767: 675: 633: 576: 571: 529: 352: 329: 236: 165: 94: 77: 2639:(including family members), authority of Commanding Officer to deal with offences 4835: 4795: 4770: 4734: 4719: 4571: 4544: 4532: 4512: 4446: 4424: 4404: 4399: 4379: 4244: 4224: 4219: 4122: 4082: 3793: 3718: 3642: 3627: 3547: 3307: 3208: 3070: 2600: 2536: 2515:

Soldiers that violate military regulations may also receive penalties in form of

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civilians associated with the armed forces or with the armed forces overseas

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Laki sotilaskurinpidosta ja rikostorjunnasta puolustusvoimissa (255/2014)

2783: 2778: 2741:. Court-martial convictions in the United States may be appealed through 2711: 2230:), encompassing any misdeed during guarding duty, absence without leave ( 2079: 1924: 1675: 1640: 1479: 1166: 1131: 844: 787: 690: 474: 195: 190: 31: 2631:

towards tri-service operations and defence organisations. It deals with

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fall under Finnish military jurisdiction during their imprisonment.

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arrest the suspect and to conduct searches inside a military area.

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in case of bribery) he will be discharged from the armed forces.

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Body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces

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issued by the President of the United States in his capacity as

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The offenses covered by the UCMJ include those encompassed by "

1403: 804: 621: 357: 2635:, civil offences committed in some circumstances, offences by 4507: 4451: 4357: 4198: 4001: 3500: 2945:. (State civil servants Act). §25, 33. Retrieved 2015-08-30. 2651:, custody and appeals. The Act also creates the post of the 2568:

Act. All such Acts draw their inspiration from the Army Act.

879: 415: 410: 4389: 4337: 4193: 3591: 3507: 3230: 175: 170: 3461: 2490:) applies to soldiers by extending the civil penal code ( 2087: 48: 3302:(JSP) 830, Volumes 1 – 3. Vol 1 and 2 Edition 1.0 2009 2988:(Conscription Act). §§ 10 and 60. Retrieved 2015-08-30. 2293: 2075:

committed by their armed forces in some circumstances.

3430: 2714:. The Articles of War were superseded in 1951 by the 2177:

The Finnish military law concerns the members of the

3320:"The Causes and Effects of a Military Court Martial" 2702:." Congress issued these rules first in 1806 as the 2747:

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

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Offences against military law in the United Kingdom

2479:. The reason is that the operational headquarters ( 2278:). Other crimes are subject to usual civilian law. 2168:

Insignia of the Finnish Defence Forces legal branch

3406:Loose-leaf publication updated 1–2 times per year. 3392:. Aurora, Ontario: Canada Law Book. Archived from 2970:Laki sotilaallisesta kriisinhallinnasta (211/2006) 2826: 2824: 4889: 2928:Laki rajavartiolaitoksen hallinnosta (577/2007) 2497:Law enforcing inside any branch is done by the 3073:. Finnish Ministry of Justice. Helsinki 2015. 2821: 2662:The military judicial system is headed by the 4676: 3446: 3354: 3059: 3057: 2021: 3119:. Sta-potsdam.brandenburg.de. Archived from 2434: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2721:The UCMJ is federal law, found in Title 10 4683: 4669: 3453: 3439: 3054: 2028: 2014: 3409: 3032:Kaleva 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-31. 4598:History of the American legal profession 3412:Military Justice: Practice and Procedure 2839: 2163: 2051:and procedures governing members of the 992:List of military strategies and concepts 4903:Military supporting service occupations 3275:"Corruption in Military Justice System" 2863:(Penal code). Retrieved on 2015-08-30. 14: 4890: 3426:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project 3385: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 4664: 3434: 3047:. HE 30/2013vp. Retrieved 2015-08-31. 3003:(HE 17/1999vp). Retrieved 2015-08-31. 2585:Military Courts of the United Kingdom 2122:Canadian Forces Administrative Orders 4690: 2913:Sotilasoikeudenkäyntilaki (326/1983) 2535:In Germany, there are no federal or 2364: 2294:Investigation and summary discipline 2901: 2869: 2725:Chapter 47, and implemented by the 2621:European Convention on Human Rights 24: 3348: 2751:Supreme Court of the United States 2666:who is a civilian and part of the 2192: 2078:Military justice is distinct from 25: 4919: 3582:Restitution and unjust enrichment 3419: 3064:Tuomioistuinten työtilastoja 2014 2960:(Act on the Defence Forces), §49. 2958:Laki puolustusvoimista (551/2007) 2803:"The Whig Standard – Ontario, CA" 2578: 2276:olämpligt uppträdande av krigsman 2268:sotilaan sopimaton käyttäytyminen 4629: 4628: 4614: 3187:"Military penal code of Germany" 2972:. §10. Retrieved on 2015-08-30. 2943:Valtion virkamieslaki (750/1994) 2716:Uniform Code of Military Justice 2684:Uniform Code of Military Justice 2677: 2653:Director of Service Prosecutions 2150:Royal Military College of Canada 2140:' own internal rules and in the 66: 4593:History of the legal profession 3334: 3322:. www.grayandcosolicitors.co.uk 3312: 3289: 3267: 3245: 3223: 3201: 3179: 3157: 3135: 3109: 3087: 3038: 3023: 2994: 2986:Asevelvollisuuslaki (1438/2007) 2979: 2172: 2963: 2951: 2936: 2921: 2795: 2706:. Military justice during the 2690:Judge Advocate General's Corps 2112:Queen's Regulations and Orders 13: 1: 3277:. Scribd.com. 22 January 1947 2789: 2465:Members of any branch of the 2447: 2117:delegatus non-potest delegare 3410:Schlueter, David A. (2008). 3117:"Staatsanwaltschaft Potsdam" 2758:high crimes and misdemeanors 2136:. The branch interprets the 7: 3389:Military Law and Operations 3341:U.S. Const., Art. I, Sec. 8 3095:"Grundgesetz Artikel 96 II" 2767: 1485:Military–industrial complex 964:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 4924: 4260:International legal theory 3739:International slavery laws 3734:International human rights 3729:International criminal law 3358:Armed Forces & Society 3209:"Soldier's law of Germany" 2739:United States Armed Forces 2696:United States Constitution 2687: 2681: 2592: 2582: 2562:Indo-Tibetan Border Police 2460: 2159: 2142:Code of Service Discipline 29: 4864: 4763: 4699: 4608: 4585: 4475: 4313:Administration of justice 4298: 4207: 4098: 3977: 3879: 3600: 3468: 3300:Joint Service Publication 3069:24 September 2015 at the 2727:Manual for Courts-Martial 2710:was governed by the 1863 2435:Administrative punishment 2097: 2061:civilian judicial systems 1549:Loss-of-strength gradient 406:Combat information center 4090:Basic structure doctrine 3940:Natural and legal rights 3821:Public international law 3371:10.1177/0095327X12437685 3211:. Gesetze-im-internet.de 3189:. Gesetze-im-internet.de 3167:. Gesetze-im-internet.de 3165:"Wehrdisziplinarordnung" 3145:. Gesetze-im-internet.de 3081:. Retrieved 2015-08-31. 2915:. Retrieved 2015-08-30. 2547: 2372:Supreme Court of Finland 1867:Military science fiction 1352:Technology and equipment 773:List of military tactics 4270:Principle of typicality 3744:International trade law 3460: 3306:4 November 2009 at the 3298:, Ministry of Defence, 2517:Non-judicial punishment 2481:Einsatzführungskommando 1935:Wartime sexual violence 1691:Full-spectrum dominance 1502:Supply-chain management 3386:Madsen, Chris (2008). 3097:. Bundesrecht.juris.de 2664:Judge Advocate General 2649:Service Civilian Court 2615:Armed Forces Act. The 2560:Act, Coast Guard Act, 2521:Wehrdisziplinarordnung 2419: 2411: 2403: 2395: 2342: 2334: 2275: 2267: 2259: 2251: 2243: 2235: 2227: 2219: 2211: 2203: 2179:Finnish Defence Forces 2169: 2130:judge advocate general 1847:Awards and decorations 1820:Peace through strength 1795:Low-intensity conflict 1429:Conscientious objector 1302:Area of responsibility 4265:Principle of legality 4024:Delegated legislation 3724:Intellectual property 3296:Manual of Service Law 2700:land and naval forces 2628:Armed Forces Act 2006 2617:Armed Forces Act 2006 2593:Further information: 2573:Armed Forces Tribunal 2558:Border Security Force 2167: 439:Torpedo data computer 429:Ship gun fire-control 4483:Barristers' chambers 4425:Legal representation 4363:Justice of the peace 3709:Financial regulation 2605:Naval Discipline Act 2530:Truppendienstgericht 2483:) is located there. 2381:President of Finland 2183:Finnish Border Guard 2108:National Defence Act 2102:All Commands of the 1965:Military occupations 1800:Military engineering 1702:Unrestricted Warfare 1559:Force multiplication 457:Military manoeuvrers 4518:Election commission 4230:Expressive function 3759:Landlord–tenant law 3658:Consumer protection 3396:on 11 February 2009 3123:on 6 September 2017 3015:This translates as 2861:Rikoslaki (39/1889) 2668:Ministry of Justice 2327:letter of reprimand 2069:appropriate conduct 1651:Penal military unit 1636:Rules of engagement 1312:Command and control 937:Operations research 401:Director (military) 391:Fire-control system 161:Command and control 42:Part of a series on 4476:Legal institutions 4343:Lawsuit/Litigation 4333:Dispute resolution 4138:Catholic canon law 3846:State of emergency 3809:Will and testament 3533:Law of obligations 3486:Constitutional law 3476:Administrative law 3255:. Tribuneindia.com 3233:. indiacode.nic.in 3231:"indiacode.nic.in" 2762:abuse of authority 2735:Commander-in-Chief 2723:United States Code 2708:American Civil War 2564:Force Act and the 2552:India has its own 2525:immediate superior 2212:tjänstgöringsbrott 2170: 2146:Geneva Conventions 2084:times of emergency 2065:legality of orders 1760:Counter-insurgency 1681:Command of the sea 1626:Jewish laws on war 1601:Geneva Conventions 1137:Divide and conquer 932:Military operation 897:Tactical objective 396:Fire-control radar 373:Electronic-warfare 4885: 4884: 4658: 4657: 4318:Constitutionalism 4240:Law and economics 4078:Act of parliament 3816:Product liability 3769:Legal archaeology 3694:Environmental law 3688:Entertainment law 3528:International law 3143:"Wehrstrafgesetz" 3079:978-952-259-449-5 2745:of appeal to the 2633:military offences 2404:militärtjänsteman 2365:Trial and appeals 2236:luvaton poissaolo 2038: 2037: 1930:Horses in warfare 1877:Anti-war movement 1780:Gunboat diplomacy 1770:Disaster response 1718:Philosophy of war 1713:Principles of war 1686:Deterrence theory 1631:Right of conquest 1554:Lanchester's laws 1322:Principles of war 1012:Counter-offensive 997:Military campaign 902:Target saturation 825:Counterinsurgency 434:Gun data computer 368:Close air support 330:Aircraft carriers 18:Military tribunal 16:(Redirected from 4915: 4898:Military justice 4685: 4678: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4619: 4618: 4442:Question of fact 4323:Criminal justice 3653:Construction law 3648:Conflict of laws 3613:Agricultural law 3455: 3448: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3382: 3343: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3316: 3310: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3061: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3027: 3021: 3006: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2899: 2898: 2890: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2805:. Archived from 2799: 2537:military prisons 2396:sotilasvirkamies 2244:olovlig frånvaro 2187:prisoners of war 2041:Military justice 2030: 2023: 2016: 1785:Humanitarian aid 1723:Security dilemma 1544:Power projection 1327:Economy of force 1307:Chain of command 1022:Defence in depth 1007:Commerce raiding 830:Defeat in detail 166:Defense ministry 70: 61: 60: 51: 39: 38: 21: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4888: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4860: 4759: 4695: 4689: 4659: 4654: 4627: 4613: 4604: 4581: 4572:Political party 4545:Legal education 4533:Law enforcement 4513:Court of equity 4471: 4447:Question of law 4400:Practice of law 4380:Judicial review 4294: 4245:Legal formalism 4225:Comparative law 4220:Contract theory 4203: 4123:Legal pluralism 4094: 4083:Act of Congress 4007:Executive order 3973: 3875: 3794:Nationality law 3719:Immigration law 3643:Competition law 3596: 3464: 3459: 3422: 3414:(7th ed.). 3399: 3397: 3351: 3349:Further reading 3346: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3317: 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3477: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469:Core subjects 3467: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3413: 3408: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3342: 3337: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3276: 3270: 3254: 3248: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3204: 3188: 3182: 3166: 3160: 3144: 3138: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3096: 3090: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3046: 3041: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3013: 3002: 2997: 2987: 2982: 2971: 2966: 2959: 2954: 2944: 2939: 2929: 2924: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2794: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2774:Court-martial 2772: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2678:United States 2675: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645:Court Martial 2642: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609:Air Force Act 2606: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2576: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2509:German police 2506: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2458: 2454: 2445: 2441: 2432: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252:sotakarkuruus 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204:palvelusrikos 2201: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:nation-states 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1857:Warrior caste 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1827:Show of force 1825: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1815:Peacebuilding 1813: 1812: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1671:Air supremacy 1669: 1668: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1611:Islamic rules 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1591:Court-martial 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1569: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1490:Arms industry 1488: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1107:Broken-backed 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 993: 988: 983: 982: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 949:Expeditionary 947: 945: 944: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 926: 921: 920: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 881: 878: 877: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 820:Counterattack 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 769: 764: 763: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 745:Psychological 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 681:Combined arms 679: 677: 674: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 626: 623: 618: 617: 610: 607: 605: 602: 601: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 558: 555: 554: 546: 543: 542: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 520:Fortification 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 503: 502: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 480: 479: 476: 471: 470: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 444: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 341: 338: 336: 335:Landing craft 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 229: 225: 221: 220:Standing army 218: 216: 213: 211: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 150: 145: 144: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 125: 122: 118: 115: 113: 112:pike and shot 110: 109: 108: 105: 101: 98: 97: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 82: 79: 74: 73: 69: 65: 64: 58: 50: 46: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 4908:Military law 4811:Reproductive 4800: 4715:Distributive 4647: 4640: 4626: 4612: 4385:Jurisdiction 4353:Legal remedy 4308:Adjudication 4208:Legal theory 4046:Ratification 4041:Promulgation 4012:Proclamation 3992:Codification 3925:Human rights 3913:Divine right 3903:Constitution 3871:Women in law 3789:Military law 3788: 3784:Marriage law 3779:Maritime law 3678:Election law 3618:Aviation law 3608:Abortion law 3560:Property law 3496:Criminal law 3411: 3398:. Retrieved 3394:the original 3388: 3362: 3356: 3336: 3324:. Retrieved 3314: 3291: 3279:. Retrieved 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3247: 3235:. Retrieved 3225: 3213:. Retrieved 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3181: 3169:. Retrieved 3159: 3147:. Retrieved 3137: 3125:. Retrieved 3121:the original 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3089: 3083:(in Finnish) 3049:(in Finnish) 3040: 3034:(in Finnish) 3025: 3017: 3010: 3005:(in Finnish) 2996: 2990:(in Finnish) 2981: 2974:(in Finnish) 2965: 2953: 2947:(in Finnish) 2938: 2932:(in Finnish) 2923: 2917:(in Finnish) 2897:(in Finnish) 2865:(in Finnish) 2835:(in Finnish) 2811:. Retrieved 2807:the original 2797: 2755: 2720: 2693: 2672: 2661: 2657: 2625: 2613:quinquennial 2598: 2570: 2566:Assam Rifles 2551: 2534: 2529: 2520: 2514: 2502: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2466: 2464: 2455: 2451: 2442: 2438: 2424: 2389: 2385: 2377:Finnish Army 2368: 2359: 2355: 2316: 2312: 2301: 2297: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2196: 2176: 2173:Jurisdiction 2127: 2115: 2101: 2092:civil unrest 2077: 2053:armed forces 2049:body of laws 2045:military law 2044: 2040: 2039: 1940:Fifth column 1920:War resister 1915:Women in war 1810:Peacekeeping 1755:Arms control 1700: 1615: 1389:Mobilization 1384:Conscription 1342:Intelligence 1295:Organization 941: 870:Encirclement 750:Radiological 686:Conventional 540:Subterranean 447:Development: 446: 423: 385: 347: 310:Naval units: 309: 302:Signal corps 269: 247:Intelligence 232:Specialties: 231: 156:Organization 107:Early modern 36: 4856:Utilitarian 4821:Retributive 4816:Restorative 4755:Recognition 4710:Commutative 4557:Legislature 4488:Bureaucracy 4285:Rule of man 4280:Rule of law 4255:Libertarian 4118:Chinese law 4019:Legislation 3969:Regulations 3957:Law reports 3935:Natural law 3831:Reparations 3826:Refugee law 3749:Jurimetrics 3690:(Media law) 3628:Banking law 3623:Amnesty law 3601:Disciplines 3538:Private law 2813:22 February 2784:Martial law 2779:Laws of war 2712:Lieber Code 2412:viraltapano 2260:överlöpning 2220:vartiorikos 2080:martial law 1925:War studies 1748:Non-warfare 1676:Appeasement 1641:Martial law 1480:War economy 1419:Transgender 1372:Recruitment 1132:Containment 1017:Culminating 925:Operational 845:Envelopment 788:Air assault 669:Air cavalry 629:Air defence 609:Information 510:Cold-region 475:Battlespace 424:Historical: 270:Land units: 196:Space force 191:Coast guard 124:Late modern 85:Prehistoric 32:martial law 4892:Categories 4745:Procedural 4702:philosophy 4550:Law school 4430:Prosecutor 4368:Magistrate 4155:Jewish law 4113:Common law 4034:Rulemaking 4029:Regulation 3979:Law making 3918:Divine law 3894:Legal code 3841:Sports law 3764:Law of war 3714:Health law 3699:Family law 3683:Energy law 3633:Bankruptcy 3570:Punishment 3565:Public law 2790:References 2688:See also: 2468:Bundeswehr 2448:Statistics 2420:avsättning 2352:allowance. 1985:War crimes 1975:Operations 1882:Foot drill 1852:Battle cry 1765:deterrence 1424:Harassment 1399:Specialism 1222:Technology 1217:Succession 1162:Liberation 1097:Asymmetric 1032:Empty fort 943:Blitzkrieg 912:Withdrawal 875:Investment 654:Camouflage 649:Biological 587:Underwater 562:Amphibious 481:Aerospace 348:Air units: 325:Submarines 134:fourth-gen 129:industrial 117:napoleonic 4691:Types of 4528:Judiciary 4523:Executive 4498:The bench 4435:Solicitor 4410:Barrister 4290:Sociology 4275:Pseudolaw 4215:Anarchist 4172:Roman law 4160:Parsi law 4145:Hindu law 4133:Canon law 4108:Civil law 4061:Concordat 3952:Precedent 3861:Trust law 3836:Space law 3673:Drugs law 3543:Procedure 3481:Civil law 3379:147068799 2641:summarily 2504:Feldjäger 2318:range is 2047:) is the 1872:War novel 1775:Grey-zone 1735:War games 1696:Overmatch 1646:War crime 1596:Desertion 1586:Ceasefire 1581:Armistice 1468:Logistics 1446:Mercenary 1434:Volunteer 1365:Personnel 1337:Engineers 1282:Sociology 1237:World war 1232:Total war 1212:Strategic 1202:Religious 1187:Political 1182:Perpetual 1157:Irregular 1072:Offensive 1047:Defensive 1042:Deception 1002:Attrition 855:Guerrilla 850:Formation 793:Airbridge 725:Loitering 639:Artillery 292:Artillery 242:Engineers 210:Irregular 181:Air force 4872:Frontier 4826:Resource 4801:Military 4791:Fairness 4786:Equality 4776:Criminal 4750:Victor's 4635:Category 4577:Tribunal 4562:Military 4405:Attorney 4375:Judgment 4235:Feminist 4150:Jain law 3947:Case law 3668:Cyberlaw 3575:Corporal 3553:Criminal 3523:Evidence 3513:Doctrine 3491:Contract 3400:13 March 3326:23 April 3304:Archived 3067:Archived 2768:See also 2718:(UCMJ). 2554:Army Act 2541:barracks 2428:day-fine 2335:varoitus 2181:and the 2154:doctrine 1887:War song 1862:War film 1495:Materiel 1414:Children 1394:Training 1332:Medicine 1317:Doctrine 1272:Training 1207:Resource 1192:Princely 1142:Economic 1127:Conquest 1122:Colonial 1117:Cold war 1102:Blockade 987:Strategy 959:Maneuver 720:Infantry 676:Chemical 530:Mountain 490:Airborne 353:Fighters 320:Warships 275:Infantry 201:Reserves 149:Military 4836:Spatial 4771:Climate 4735:Natural 4693:justice 4649:Outline 4586:History 4493:The bar 4467:Verdict 4415:Counsel 4395:Justice 4250:History 4073:Statute 3889:Charter 3851:Tax law 3799:Probate 3281:10 July 3259:10 July 3237:10 July 3215:10 July 3193:10 July 3171:10 July 3149:10 July 3127:10 July 3101:10 July 2737:of the 2607:. The 2595:AGAI 67 2477:Potsdam 2461:Germany 2416:Swedish 2408:Finnish 2400:Swedish 2392:Finnish 2343:varning 2339:Swedish 2331:Finnish 2272:Swedish 2264:Finnish 2256:Swedish 2248:Finnish 2240:Swedish 2232:Finnish 2224:Swedish 2216:Finnish 2208:Swedish 2200:Finnish 2160:Finland 2055:. Many 2000:Writers 1995:Weapons 1960:Battles 1909:Related 1897:Wargame 1892:Uniform 1840:Culture 1621:Perfidy 1616:Justice 1537:Science 1522:Outpost 1475:History 1455:Warrior 1451:Soldier 1439:foreign 1377:counter 1277:Service 1227:Theater 1167:Limited 1147:Endemic 1062:Nuclear 835:Foxhole 810:Cavalry 798:Airdrop 783:Airlift 768:Tactics 740:Nuclear 730:Missile 659:Cavalry 644:Barrage 622:Weapons 582:Surface 363:Command 358:Bombers 315:Frogman 285:Cavalry 257:Medical 224:Militia 206:Regular 186:Marines 100:castles 90:Ancient 78:History 57:outline 4877:Poetic 4841:Speedy 4831:Social 4806:Racial 4796:Gender 4730:Global 4720:Divine 4567:Police 4538:Agency 4420:Lawyer 4165:Sharia 4056:Treaty 4051:Repeal 3997:Decree 3908:Custom 3804:Estate 3754:Labour 3518:Equity 3377: 3077: 2647:, the 2643:, the 2501:, the 2098:Canada 2067:, and 1980:Sieges 1664:Theory 1404:Morale 1262:Policy 1257:Branch 1037:Mosaic 1027:Fabian 974:Covert 907:Trench 892:Screen 815:Charge 805:Battle 778:Aerial 696:Denial 664:Horses 592:Seabed 545:Tunnel 525:Jungle 515:Desert 485:Aerial 4865:Other 4846:Trade 4764:Areas 4642:Index 4508:Court 4452:Trial 4358:Judge 4199:Yassa 4002:Edict 3548:Civil 3501:Crime 3375:S2CID 3253:"AFT" 2729:, an 2548:India 2090:, or 1953:Lists 1409:Women 1347:Ranks 1267:Staff 1197:Proxy 1112:Class 1067:Naval 1052:Depth 887:Swarm 880:Siege 860:Naval 840:Drone 735:Music 710:Robot 706:Drone 691:Cyber 634:Armor 604:Cyber 577:Green 572:Brown 535:Urban 495:Space 416:Radar 411:Sonar 280:Armor 237:Staff 215:Ranks 4390:Jury 4338:Fiqh 4194:Xeer 3592:Tort 3508:Deed 3402:2009 3328:2015 3283:2012 3261:2012 3239:2012 3217:2012 3195:2012 3173:2012 3151:2012 3129:2012 3103:2012 3075:ISBN 2815:2011 2694:The 2626:The 2587:and 2043:(or 1990:Wars 1507:Base 1057:Goal 969:Raid 567:Blue 505:Land 176:Navy 171:Army 4700:In 3462:Law 3367:doi 2088:war 1574:Law 1517:FOB 1512:MOB 557:Sea 49:War 4894:: 3896:/ 3373:. 3363:38 3361:. 3056:^ 2903:^ 2871:^ 2841:^ 2823:^ 2753:. 2670:. 2655:. 2418:: 2414:, 2410:: 2402:: 2398:, 2394:: 2383:. 2341:: 2337:, 2333:: 2274:: 2270:, 2266:: 2258:: 2254:, 2250:: 2242:: 2238:, 2234:: 2226:: 2222:, 2218:: 2210:: 2206:, 2202:: 2128:A 2086:, 1453:/ 708:/ 222:/ 208:/ 4684:e 4677:t 4670:v 3454:e 3447:t 3440:v 3404:. 3381:. 3369:: 3330:. 3285:. 3263:. 3241:. 3219:. 3197:. 3175:. 3153:. 3131:. 3105:. 3051:. 3007:. 2817:. 2528:( 2345:) 2329:( 2198:( 2029:e 2022:t 2015:v 59:) 55:( 34:. 20:)

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