Martial law - Knowledge

2988:. Five days following the coup, factory workers around Yangon (a region in Myanmar) held protests against the coup regime. On 14 March, security forces killed upwards of sixty-five protestors in the town of Hlaingtharyar. As a result, the military junta declared martial law over the region of Yangon, including over the majority of industrial zones. As of 22 February 2023, Myanmar's military junta has declared martial law over a total of 50 townships in the regions of Chin, Kachin, Karen, Karenni, Mon States, Yangon and Mandalay. News reports indicate that since the military coup in February 2021, and the subsequent declaration of martial law in Myanmar regions, military tribunals have sentenced more than 100 people to death. Reports further indicate that a total of three townships in Myanmar's northwest reside under the "executive and judicial jurisdiction of regional military commander Maj. Gen. Than Htike," who has since been sanctioned by the European Union for alleged human rights violations since Myanmar's declaration of martial law. 112: 2551: 3811:. Then, on 15 March, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine "On Organizing Labor Relations under Martial Law" which came into effect on March 24, 2022, and "clarified relevant restrictions of the constitutional right and freedoms and set out special rules applicable to labor relations to replace the 'normal' rules of the Labour Code of Ukraine." Article 4(7) of the Law of Ukraine holds that the "General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine shall direct, coordinate and control the activities of regional military administrations on defense, public safety, and order, and implement measures of martial law. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine shall direct, coordinate and control the regional military administrations regarding other issues." 3537:

was granted extraordinary powers through his declaration of a state of emergency. Syrian laws enabled the martial law governor to place many restrictions on freedoms of individuals, such as with respect to "meetings, residence, travel and passage in specific places or at particular times; to preventatively arrest anyone suspected of endangering public security and order; to authorize investigation of persons and places; and to delegate any person to perform any of these tasks." However, the state of emergency declaration in Syria remained intact for nearly 50 consecutive years, prompting intervention and commentary from the international community.

64: 4941:"The authorities did not recognise the legality of residence in the country of anyone not registered during the November 1948 census and issued with an identity card or military pass. Anyone who had left the country for any reason before the census, and was not registered and in possession of a card or pass was regarded as an "absentee". If he subsequently infiltrated back into the country (including to his home village), he was regarded "as illegal" and could be summarily deported. The IDF repeatedly raided villages, sorted out legal from illegal residents and, usually, expelled the "returnees."" 2627:) is a law in Finnish legislation, enacted in accordance with the constitutional procedure. The purpose of the Act is to give the authorities sufficient powers in times of war and other exceptional circumstances. During a state of defence (war), there is also the Defence Status Act, the provisions of which override the Preparedness Act. Together, the two laws form the Emergency Preparedness Act. The current Emergency Preparedness Act and its predecessor of the same name (1080/1991) were designed to replace the emergency provisions previously scattered over several different acts. 3373: 3746: 3552:"Nothing with concern that the state of emergency declared some forty years ago is still in force and provides for many derogations in law or practice from the rights guaranteed under articles 9 14, 19, and 22, among others, of the Covenant, without any convincing explanation being given as to the relevance of these derogations to the conflict with Israel and as to the necessity of these derogations to meet the exigencies of the situation claimed to have been created by the conflict." 48: 2968:

foundation in the constitution of Mauritius, enables the police to arrest without having to demonstrate reasonable suspicion that a crime has been carried out but simply on the submission of "provisional information" to the magistrate. The accused is then placed on remand or bail and required to report to the police or the court on a regular basis, sometimes every day. There are examples of this system being used to intimidate or coerce individuals in civil litigations.

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emergency laws to a time of 'public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed.' It further stipulates that the state parties to the ICCPR may derogate from their obligations under the treaty only 'to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with their other obligations under international law.'"

5606: 2881:, as well as other expressions of Palestinian patriotism were prohibited. Furthermore, despite theoretical guarantee of full political rights, military government personnel frequently made threats against Arabs citizens if they did not vote in elections for the candidates favored by the authorities. Perhaps the most commemorated incidence of military brutality in this time period was the 3015:

and assumed the presidency that practically formalized the militarization of the political system in Pakistan. Four years later a new document, Constitution of 1962, was adopted. The second martial law was imposed on 25 March 1969 by Yahya Khan, when President Yahya Khan abrogated the Constitution of 1962 and Ayub Khan handed over power to the Army Commander-in-Chief, General

3962:, 71 U.S. 2 (1866). Through this case, the Supreme Court established that trying civilians in military tribunals was unconstitutional unless there were no civilian courts available. Today, the ability to declare martial law over the United States is not explicitly granted in the Constitution. Despite this, martial law has been declared at least 68 times in the United States. 2591:

the state, including to dissolve the parliament and suspend the constitution as it did in its fifth announcement. Under martial law, the only legal framework within the Egyptian territory was the numbered announcements from the military. These announcements could for instance order any civilian laws to come back into force. The military announcements (communiqués) were the

2732:. On 8 September, the government effectively declared martial law on the capital along with several other cities throughout the country, after which further protests erupted that lead to the army opening fire on a group of protesters in Tehran's Jaleh Square on the same day. Estimates on the number of casualties vary; However, according to Iranian human rights activist 3974:, 327 U.S. 304 (1946). Here, the Supreme Court held that although Hawaii was not yet a state, the legality of declaring martial law must be analyzed as though Hawaii was one. As a result, the United States determined that the safety of the residents of Hawaii was their responsibility, and martial law was implemented throughout the Hawaiian Islands. 3516:). This assistance generally requires parliamentary authorization, though, and takes place in the regular legal framework and under the civilian leadership of the cantonal authorities. On the other hand, the federal authorities are authorized to use the Army to enforce law and order when the Cantons no longer can or want to do so ( 3423:. Curfews, censorship and food rationing were in place. A nationwide travel ban was imposed. The martial law was eventually lifted on 22 July 1983. Contemporary Polish society is divided in opinion on the necessity of introducing martial law in 1981. It is viewed by some as a lesser evil that was necessary to stop a potential 2862:, and expulsions were common. Although the military administration was officially for geographical areas, and not people, its restrictions were seldom enforced on the Jewish residents of these areas. In the early 1950s, martial law ceased to be in effect for those Arab citizens living in predominantly Jewish cities of 3966:

declare martial law in the United States is not expressed in any law, but rather arises as a matter of necessity and in the interests of "national self-preservation." As it stands today, there is no explicit provision in the Constitution granting powers to any specific body of government to declare martial law.

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and 2011 is the longest ranging period of active martial law. Similar to other countries, martial law in Syria was established as a response to the declaration of a state of emergency. When on 8 March 1963, the Baath Party seized power, the prime minister of Syria, acting as the martial law governor,

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as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and Aziz Ahmad as Secretary General and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator. However, three weeks later General Ayub—who had been openly questioning the authority of the government before the imposition of martial law—deposed Iskandar Mirza on 27 October 1958

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described martial law as, "no Law, but something indulged rather than allowed as a Law." Despite being centuries old, this quote remains true in many countries around the world today. Most often, the implementation of martial law arises from necessity rather than legal right, and while some countries

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This period of martial law was both intended to be, and ultimately was, limited in scope. Then-president Poroshenko proposed a 60-day martial law period, but ultimately a 30-day period of martial law was signed into effect. This period of martial law came to an end at its scheduled 30-day mark. This

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International bodies declared such an extended state of emergency as against international law. Specifically, it was held to be in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter "ICCPR"), which Syria is a party to. Article 4 of the ICCPR "limits the application of

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were in effect almost continuously from 1967 to 2021. A state of emergency gives military courts the power to try civilians and allows the government to detain for renewable 45-day periods and without court orders anyone deemed to be threatening state security. Public demonstrations are banned under

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During this 9-year period, curfews were implemented as a safety measure. Majority of radio and television networks were suspended. Journalists who were accused of speaking against the government were taken as political prisoners, some of them to be physically abused and tortured by the authorities.

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The military issued in its third announcement the "end of the State of Emergency as soon as order is restored in Egypt". Before martial law, the Egyptian parliament under the constitution had the civilian power to declare a state of emergency. When in martial law, the military gained all powers of

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in April of that year, it was renewed for another two years. In May 2008 there was a further extension to June 2010. In May 2010, the state of emergency was further extended, albeit with a promise from the government to be applied only to 'Terrorism and Drugs' suspects. On 10 February 2011, during

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declared martial law in November 1828—effectively providing legal immunity for killing Aboriginal people. It would remain in force for more than three years, the longest period of martial law in the history of the British colonies on the Australian continent. As of 2023, martial law has never been

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In further response, Syria reiterated their position that the ongoing emergency declaration was due to a continued threat of war with Israel. Despite ongoing dialogue over a period of years between Syria, the ICCPR, and the United Nations, the declaration remained in effect for the next six years

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granted the military authority to intervene in national politics to "preserve the constitution and democracy, protect the basic principles of the state and its civil nature, and protect the people's rights and freedoms". The armed forces were separately granted policing responsibilities to arrest

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is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties may be suspended for as long as martial law continues. Most often,

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There are two main schools of thought regarding the declaration of martial law. First, some scholars argue that the ability to declare martial law is a constitutional power vested in Congress, and in some cases of emergency, the President. The second school of thought believes that the power to

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One legal theory most frequently associated with martial law is the common law doctrine of necessity. While many countries, the United States for example, do not have the explicit constitutional right to declare martial law, scholars often interpret the law of the United States to allow for the

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Mauritius is known as being a "Westminster" style of democracy but a peculiar system that was imposed in Mauritius during a period of civil unrest in 1968 as an emergency measure, has never been repealed and is still used by the police force there to this day. The system, which has no apparent

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In 2000, Syria responded to the allegations from the ICCPR, and countered that it was in compliance with the ICCPR in a report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Syria justified this ongoing declaration of emergency through their concerns of ongoing threats of war by Israel.

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Historically, martial law has been declared in response to national emergencies in the United States. In Hawaii, for example, martial law was instituted following the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Supreme Court evaluated the legality of declaring martial law in Hawaii in the court case

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with the exception of Article 34 which gives Parliament the power to indemnify persons in respect of acts done in territories where martial law was in force and to legitimize such actions. But in the text itself, there is no mention of any grants of power to declare Martial Law.

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On 3 November 2007, President General Musharraf declared the state of emergency in the country which is claimed to be equivalent to the state of martial law as the constitution of Pakistan of 1973 was suspended, and the Chief Justices of the Supreme Court were fired.

3605:, entitled "Martial Law, B.E. 2457 (1914)". Many coups have been attempted or succeeded since then, but the Act governing martial law, amended in 1942, 1944, 1959 and 1972, has remained essentially the same. In January 2004, the Prime Minister of Thailand, 2583:, Mubarak promised the deletion of the relevant constitutional article regarding the emergency law in an attempt to please the mass number of protesters that demanded him to resign. The following day, he stepped down and handed control of the country to the 2574:'s presidency, parliament had renewed emergency laws every three years since they were imposed. The legislation was extended in 2003 and were due to expire at the end of May 2006; plans were in place to replace it with new anti-terrorism laws. After the 2853:

enforced strict residency rules. Any Arab not registered in a census taken during November 1948 was deported. Permits from the military governor had to be procured to travel more than a given distance from a person's registered place of residence, and

2587:. It meant that the presidential executive powers, the parliamentary legislative powers and the judicial powers all transferred directly to the military system which may delegate powers back and forth to any civilian institution within its territory. 2106:

have provisions explicitly permitting the use of martial law, many do not. For countries that do not explicitly permit the declaration of martial law, but where martial law has been declared, the legal justification for it is often the common law

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and retreated to Taiwan in 1949, the perceived need to suppress Communist activities in Taiwan was utilised as a rationale for not lifting martial law until thirty-eight years later in 1987, just prior to the death of then President

3182:("Proclaiming a State of Martial Law in the Philippines") was signed on 21 September 1972 and came into force on 23 September. The official reason behind the declaration was to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of a 3800:

declaration was limited to specific areas of Ukraine, including territories along the Russia-Ukraine border, the Moldova-Ukraine border, the coasts of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Azov – Kerch international waters.

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that allowed the government to assume sweeping emergency powers, stopping short of martial law, i.e., the military did not administer justice, which remained in the hands of the courts. The act was invoked three times: During

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shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." There have been many instances of the use of the military within the borders of the United States, such as during the

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of the Kuomintang-led Government of the Republic of China regime. This qualified as "the longest imposition of martial law by a regime anywhere in the world" at that time, but has since been surpassed by Brunei and Syria.

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Martial law has also been imposed during conflicts, and in cases of occupations, where the absence of any other civil government provides for an unstable population. Examples of this form of military rule include post

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were granted the authority to issue instructions to civilians, and to close down offices, schools, camps and factories in cities considered under threat of attack, as well as to impose curfews on cities in the north.

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Martial law was in force in Taiwan from 1949 to 1987, for a total of 38 consecutive years. Martial law in Taiwan refers to the periods in the history of Taiwan after World War II that are under the control by the

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General Pervez Musharraf pointed out it as an emergency, not Martial Law. The Constitution, Parliament and Provincial Assemblies were suspended and Musharraf issued "Proclamation of Emergency" on 14 October 1999.

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Despite the fact that it has been declared frequently throughout history, martial law is still often described as largely elusive as a legal entity. References to martial law date back to 1628 England, when

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Ultimately, after 48 years, in April 2011, President Bashar al-Assad ended Syria's state of emergency, thereby signaling the end of the longest martial law ruling in history. This came as a response to

2752:, a reformist critic of his rule, as the new prime minister on 4 January 1979. Bakhtiar's government fell on 11 February and gave rise to the Islamic Republic and the creation of a new constitution. 3254:

Others have stated that the implementation of Martial Law was taken advantage by the Marcos regime. Billion pesos worth of property and ill-gotten wealth was said to be acquired by Marcos' consort,

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in the province. The announcement came days after hundreds of government troops were sent to the province to raid the armories of the powerful Ampatuan clan. The Ampatuans were implicated in the

3019:. On assuming the presidency, General Yahya Khan acceded to popular demands by abolishing the one-unit system in West Pakistan and ordered general elections on the principle of one man one vote. 2151:); or to stabilize insurrections or perceived insurrections. Martial law may be declared in cases of major natural disasters; however, most countries use a different legal construct, such as a 5786: 2748:

as the prime minister whom ultimately failed in his efforts to restore order to the country. As he was preparing to leave the country, the Shah dissolved the military government and appointed

3216:), along with the decadence and excess of the Marcos family and their allies, had emerged. Coupled with economic downturns, these factors fermented dissent in various sectors (e.g. the urban 2889:

killed 48 people (19 men, 6 women and 23 children aged 8–17) as they were returning home from work in the evening. The Israeli army had ordered that all Arab villages in the proximity of the

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Reference to Thai legislation in any jurisdiction shall be to the Thai version only. This translation has been made so as to establish correct understanding about this Act to the foreigners.

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took over in 1971 as the first civilian martial law administrator in recent history, imposing selective martial law in areas hostile to his rule, such as the country's largest province,

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caption reads "outstretched hands of understanding" or "outstretched hands for agreement", with batons ironically symbolizing hands. 91 protesters died at the hands of the ZOMO and the

5436:"Consideration of reports submitted by states parties under article 40 of the Covenant and of country situations in the absence of a report resulting in public concluding observations" 5174: 2874:, constituting a total of approximately 15% of the Arab population of Israel. But military rule remained in place on the remaining Arab population elsewhere within Israel until 1966. 2877:

This period is remembered for its extreme crackdown on political rights, as well as unaccountable military brutality. Most political and civil organization was prohibited. Flying of

4978: 3419:, were arbitrarily arrested and detained. Approximately 91 deaths are attributed to the martial law, including 9 miners shot by the police force during the pacification of striking 3103:. While the government was supposed to be run by an elected prime minister, there was a common understanding that important decisions were made by the President General Musharraf. 4448: 3764:

Martial law was first declared in Ukraine in 2018 and as a response to Russian hostilities. On 26 November 2018, lawmakers in the Verkhovna Rada overwhelmingly backed President

2806:) ruled on an appeal that:"...the military court, the validity of whose sentence was called into question, was a body possessing no statutory or common law authority...". The 5760: 3846:

In the United States martial law has been declared for a state or other locality under various circumstances including after a direct foreign attack (Hawaii after the

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allows for martial law if the government declares a state of emergency; however capital punishment is prohibited in all circumstances, including a state of emergency.

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martial law is declared in times of war and/or emergencies such as civil unrest and natural disasters. Alternatively, martial law may be declared in instances of

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As the above details suggest, the imposition of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus are related, but do not perform identical functions.

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Singh, Samantha Lock (now); Maanvi; Oladipo, Gloria; Michael, Chris; Jones (earlier), Sam; Harding, Luke; Beaumont, Peter; Beaumont, Peter (24 February 2022).

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Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public, as seen in multiple countries listed below. Such incidents may occur after a

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On 7 September 1978, in response to public demonstrations protesting the perceived government involvement in the death of the son of Ayatollah Khomeini,

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had superseded the power to declare martial law. Any sentences by military tribunals that were not in accordance with that Act were declared void.

4428: 2300:, granting authority to the police and military to crack down on protesters. It was lifted on 1 June amid a continuing crackdown on the uprising. 3458: 6188: 5403: 2955:

are obligatory under martial law, rather than merely recommended. The order signed by Peretz was in effect for 48 hours and was extended by the

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air-strikes. The day after strikes began, martial law was declared, which lasted until June 1999, although strikes ended on 10 June, following

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for a short period of time to impose reforms to confront escalated domestic violence, which was not successful. As confrontation between

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International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 41, No. 4 (Nov., 2009), pp. 545-547 (3 pages) Published By: Cambridge University Press

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from the 2005 statement made by the United Nations advising of the invalidity of such an extensive state of emergency declaration.

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implementation of martial law in times of necessity. Countries such as Pakistan have famously implemented this rationale as well.

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On 12 November 2007, Musharraf issued some amendments in the Military Act, which gave the armed forces some additional powers.

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be placed under curfew. However, this order came into effect before the residents of these localities, including residents of

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only constitution and legal framework for the Egyptian territory. It meant that all affairs of the state were bound by the

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As of November 2023, there have been ten extensions to the Ukrainian declaration of martial law. This has led to the

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In the Russian Federation recourse to martial law is governed by a document passed 30 January 2002 as No. 1-FKZ (1-ФКЗ).

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in Philippine history, the massacre was condemned worldwide as the worst loss of life of media professionals in one day.

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Join Akevot Research Institute in revealing the story of the Military Rule over Palestinian citizens in Israel 1948-1966

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Black's Law Dictionary: Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern

5053:"Raouf Gulbul: 'Arrest first and enquire afterwards is not consonant with the principles of Human Rights and Justice'" 4361: 2787:. This was later extended both in duration and geographical reach to the whole of the country with the consent of the 6193: 6150: 5578: 4954: 4926: 4896: 3863: 3303:

under a state of martial law through Proclamation № 1959. As with the last imposition, the declaration suspended the

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population as well as the Jordanian, Syrian, and Egyptian populations in these areas was put in place. In 1993, the

3831: 3808: 3700: 2736:, the number of people killed was 88 of which 64 were gunned down in Jaleh Square. The day is often referred to as 1545: 6240: 5200: 3948: 3870:). It has also been declared by renegade local leaders seeking to avoid arrest or challenges to their authority ( 3847: 3646: 3284:

plots, general civilian dissatisfaction, and criticism of her legitimacy arising from the dubious results of the

3205: 3129: 3030:. On 21 December 1971, Bhutto took this post as well as that of President.It was the first civilian martial law. 1890: 1528: 1315: 160: 5160: 2140: 4029: 3999: 3581: 3408: 3123: 2925: 1654: 3712: 3692: 3661:. At 3 am, on 20 May 2014, following seven months of civil and political unrest, Army Commander-in-Chief Gen. 3932: 3508:). This regularly happens in the case of natural disasters or special protection requirements (e.g., for the 3255: 2977: 2760: 2525:. Taiwan's period of martial law was one of the longest in modern history, after that of Syria (1967–2011). 2482: 2164: 2071: 1518: 3533: 3204:

The policy of martial law was initially well received, but it eventually proved unpopular as the military's

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followed afterwards that kept in place until 1983. The martial law between 1978 and 1983 was replaced by a

3650: 3296: 3236: 3151:) under martial law via Proclamation № 29, dated 21 September 1944 and enforced the following day at 09:00 3133: 2985: 2008: 712: 472: 29: 3867: 5303:"SR 510.10 Bundesgesetz vom 3. Februar 1995 über die Armee und die Militärverwaltung (Militärgesetz, MG)" 5228: 3411:

opposition from gaining popularity and political power in the country. Thousands of people linked to the

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was imposed in 2006 from 24 February to 3 March, in order to quash a coup attempt and quell protesters.

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The restrictions from martial law were defined in a 2015 law "On the Legal Regime of Martial Law". The

3140: 3092: 2997: 2780: 2664: 2490: 2392: 2176: 1482: 3053:, General Zia overthrew Bhutto and imposed martial law in its totality on 5 July 1977, in a bloodless 2403:. On December 5, following the events of November 1837, martial law was proclaimed in the district of 5365:"No Room to Breathe: State Repression of Human Rights Activism in Syria: IV. Syria's Legal Framework" 4620: 4395: 3728: 3622: 3225: 3027: 2792: 2668: 2660: 2384: 2317: 2312:

occurred on 8 December 1962 and was put down by British troops from Singapore. The Sultan of Brunei,

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Military administrative government was in effect from 1949 to 1966 over some geographical areas of

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from the mid-1820s to 1832. With an escalation of violence in the late 1820s, Lieutenant-Governor

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government. Much of Ireland was declared under martial law by the British authorities during the

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backed the measure, which took effect on 28 November 2018 and automatically expired in 30 days.

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Adam Morrow and Khaled Moussa al-Omrani. "Egypt: Despair Over Two More Years of Martial Law."

4489: 4310: 3862:); and in response to chaos associated with protests and mob action (San Francisco during the 3476:. On 19 April 1960, the Rhee government proclaimed martial law again in order to suppress the 3072:

was dissolved, and the Army took control once more. A fourth martial law was imposed. General

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took the control of the government, and soon after handed the premiership to ex-Army Chief

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The legality of the implementation of martial law was examined in 1866, in the court case

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Martial law in Egypt: Egyptian tanks used in a checkpoint near midtown Tahrir during the

8: 6230: 3936: 3875: 3804: 3618: 3412: 3404: 3372: 3315:, human rights lawyers, and 31 media workers. Cited as one of the bloodiest incidents of 3087:

resigned and General Musharraf became president. Elections were held in October 2002 and

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declared martial law. On 23 March 1999, a "State of Direct War Threat" was declared in

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were included in this conflict, martial law was never announced, but after secession,

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being delayed, due to elections not being allowed to be held in times of martial law.

3271:. Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., Marcos' son, ran for the vice presidency and lost. 2639:

provides no mechanism for the declaration of war, martial law nor state of emergency.

6146: 6134: 6123: 6029: 5997: 5977: 5918: 5794: 5610: 5574: 5543: 5496: 5451: 5094: 4998: 4950: 4922: 4892: 4703: 4691: 4403: 4369: 4314: 4278: 4257:

https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1128&context=cilj

4204: 4191:

Crown and Sword: Executive power and the use of force by the Australian Defence Force

3986:

in 1991, a "State of Direct War Threat" was declared. Although forces from the whole

3909: 3900: 3841: 3768:'s imposition of martial law along Ukraine's coastal regions and those bordering the 3704: 3562: 3261:. This alleged money laundering issue was brought back recently, particularly in the 3194: 2956: 2878: 2846: 2725: 2502: 2211: 2064: 1973: 1920: 1823: 1813: 1808: 1778: 1761: 1756: 1729: 1674: 1375: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1270: 1260: 1255: 1230: 1200: 1090: 1060: 1055: 1045: 1040: 1030: 945: 898: 868: 707: 500: 477: 411: 6198: 4335:"Armenia, Azerbaijan Declare Martial Law After Clashes In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh" 3688: 3054: 2128: 2089: 2033: 6021: 5969: 5535: 5488: 5443: 5364: 5175:"Martial law declared in Maguindanao - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos" 5086: 4851: 4683: 4194: 4165: 4058: 3871: 3765: 3662: 3610: 3477: 3416: 3175: 3073: 2936: 2749: 2714: 2620: 2522: 2388: 2329: 2313: 2207: 2163:

reconstruction in Germany and Japan, the recovery and reconstruction of the former

2038: 2003: 1935: 1828: 1766: 1659: 1587: 1580: 1437: 1370: 1320: 1310: 1185: 1105: 1065: 1050: 1017: 1002: 873: 858: 811: 719: 677: 620: 615: 573: 396: 373: 280: 209: 138: 121: 6097: 4764: 3944: 6205: 6117: 5908: 5761:"Kiev declares martial law after Russian seizure of Ukrainian ships in Black Sea" 4568: 4521: 4304: 4007: 3654: 3420: 3323: 3148: 3077: 3062: 3058: 3037:

on 5 July 1977. After several tumultuous years, which witnessed the secession of

2913: 2796: 2733: 2702: 2698: 2494: 2364: 2236: 1848: 1833: 1751: 1707: 1649: 1305: 1300: 1190: 1180: 1095: 1070: 1012: 853: 783: 773: 625: 610: 533: 505: 305: 285: 133: 5910:

Law in American History: Volume 1: From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War

3745: 3699:

government and executed its 3 leader. Another martial law was established after

16:

Imposition of direct military control or suspension of civil law by a government

6122:. (Charleston: J. Hoff, 1809), republished (New York: Lawbook Exchange, 2007). 6119:

A Treatise on Martial Law, and Courts-Martial as Practiced in the United States

5637: 4912: 4671: 4082: 4046: 3889:

The martial law concept in the United States is closely tied with the right of

3758: 3351: 3280: 3244: 3168: 3136: 3050: 3007: 2959:

and the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee over the war's duration.

2803: 2376: 2023: 1771: 1195: 1155: 1133: 1120: 1110: 1080: 997: 950: 753: 744: 635: 588: 568: 558: 528: 495: 383: 340: 295: 167: 100: 6162:. Edited by Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, Oxford University Press, 2004. 5442:, Report of the Human Rights Committee, UN, pp. 18–91, 31 December 2009, 5440:

Report of the Human Rights Committee: 91st Session; 92nd Session; 93rd Session

5229:"Special Project – Having an Accurate Understanding of Korea's Modern History" 4855: 4687: 4132: 6214: 5981: 5798: 5547: 5480: 5098: 4994:

Israel's National Security Law: Political Dynamics and Historical Development

4695: 4541: 4407: 4373: 4282: 3983: 3891: 3642: 3614: 3473: 3347: 3335: 3258: 3164: 3155:. Proclamation № 30 was issued on 23 September, declaring the existence of a 3038: 2921: 2909: 2772: 2571: 2416: 2309: 2264: 2252: 2215: 2199: 1870: 1858: 1714: 1634: 1550: 1533: 1390: 1245: 1225: 908: 903: 883: 863: 778: 749: 724: 600: 578: 563: 538: 378: 300: 263: 258: 155: 6015: 5861:"Ukraine's Parliament Extends Martial Law, Military Mobilization By 90 Days" 5835:"Ukraine's Parliament Extends Martial Law, Military Mobilization By 90 Days" 5492: 3923:, martial law is limited by several court decisions handed down between the 3243:

where he died in 1989; his rival presidential candidate and Aquino's widow,

2976:

On 1 February 2021, democratically elected members of Myanmar, known as the

2795:. A large portion of Ireland was also under de facto martial law during the 6025: 5302: 4942: 4160:. Edited by Will Smiley and John Fabian Witt, Yale University Press, 2019. 4040: 3928: 3773: 3521: 3469: 3432: 3424: 3217: 3144: 3100: 3069: 2917: 2478: 2446: 2396: 2351: 2281: 2203: 2195: 2175:, and German occupation of northern France between 1871 and 1873 after the 2160: 2057: 1983: 1963: 1958: 1853: 1798: 1432: 1427: 1250: 1165: 913: 647: 548: 345: 249: 47: 5656:"Turkish President Returns to Istanbul in Sign Military Coup Is Faltering" 5435: 5214: 4979:

How Israel Tormented Arabs in Its First Decades – and Tried to Cover It Up

3174:

The country was under martial law again from 1972 to 1981 under President

5447: 4034: 4024: 3899:

is related to the imposition of martial law. Article 1, Section 9 of the

3489: 3428: 3343: 3339: 3300: 3198: 3160: 3084: 2940: 2672: 2656: 2505:

was also raging across the country despite the democracy promised in the

2347: 1968: 1719: 1523: 1210: 1175: 888: 831: 734: 518: 239: 234: 22: 5106: 5074: 4742: 4199: 4169: 6014:

Lieber, Francis; Lieber, G. Norman (23 July 2019). Smiley, Will (ed.).

5989: 5555: 4863: 3952: 3598: 3497: 3462: 3016: 2905: 2894: 2513: 1925: 1895: 1617: 986: 4839: 4061:, a form of government with strong central power and limited freedoms. 3719:

in a limited number of provinces that lasted until November 2002. The

3435:

countries to intervene if they believed that communism was in danger.

5957: 5571:

A Poverty of riches: new challenges and opportunities in PLA research

5523: 5281: 5075:"Interrogating Myanmar's 'Transition' from a Post-coup Vantage Point" 3916:, but these acts are not tantamount to a declaration of martial law. 3565:

demanding freedom from the historically long police rule over Syria.

2901: 2516:-led central government of China lost control of the mainland to the 2419:, and was applied in the district of Montreal until August 24, 1839. 2248: 1915: 1739: 1689: 1639: 1629: 1624: 1489: 1280: 1275: 1240: 682: 368: 335: 224: 5973: 5539: 5090: 2924:

agreements facilitated limited self-rule for Palestinians under the

2759:

forbids the proclamation of martial law without the approval of the

3883: 3634: 3594: 3327: 3003: 2981: 2404: 2260: 2113: 1930: 1905: 1538: 1170: 1145: 763: 318: 192: 5784: 4743:"The Iranian Revolution | King Pahlavi (the Shah) against Dissent" 2701:

Chief imposed martial law for a period of six months to eliminate

4453: 3991: 3777: 3638: 3389: 3209: 2842: 2529: 2379:, martial law was proclaimed and applied in the territory of the 2342: 1940: 1900: 1664: 1498: 1494: 841: 826: 702: 363: 358: 328: 267: 229: 5481:"Syria's President Bashar al-Assad: State Sponsor of Terrorism?" 4108:"What Is Martial Law? Meaning, History In the U.S., and Example" 2849:. The residents of these areas were subject to martial law. The 2210:

to civilians. Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to

4510:

Joelle Bassoul. Egypt renews state of emergency for two years.

4019: 3789: 3769: 3691:

and announced martial law. First was established following the

3680: 3240: 2900:

Following the 1967 war, in which the Israeli army occupied the

2855: 2830: 2784: 2729: 2187: 1447: 848: 665: 401: 4737: 4735: 4362:"Bahrain declares martial law as protesters clash with troops" 4429:

La Loi martiale telle qu'imposée au Québec en 1837 et en 1838

3866:; Montgomery, Alabama, following the mob actions against the 3724: 3597:

derives statutory authority from the Act promulgated by King

3513: 3057:. Unstable areas were brought under control through indirect 3026:, the first civilian to hold this post in Pakistan after the 2867: 2863: 2838: 2450: 2368:, which saw its first invocation in February 2022 amidst the 923: 459: 454: 6096:

Macomb, Alexander, Major General of the United States Army,

5700:"Verkhovna Rada adopts Law 'On legal regime of martial law'" 3326:

declared martial law throughout the main southern island of

2280:

During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijani president

4732: 4396:"Bahrain Ends Martial Law but Renews Crackdown on Protests" 4271:"Armenia imposes martial law after clashes with Azerbaijan" 4003: 3987: 3879: 3793: 3377: 3295:

On 4 December 2009, President Arroyo officially placed the

2783:, declared martial law to maintain order in the streets of 2718: 2690: 219: 214: 6053:"The Effects of War: Martial Law in Hawaii | Pearl Harbor" 5388:

Legislative Decree 51, dated December 22, 1962, art. 4(a).

4592:"The Changing Role of the Egyptian Military Under el-Sisi" 3061:, such as Balochistan under Martial Law Governor, General 3186:, particularly after a series of bombings (including the 3156: 2871: 92: 4947:

The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947–1949.

3350:. It was announced in a briefing in Moscow by Secretary 6168:. Henry Campbell Black. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1979. 5886:"Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual" 5215:"ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЙ ЗАКОН О военном положении" 4479:

Simon Apiku. Egypt to lift 25-year-old emergency laws.

4043:, state governed through the power of the police force. 3472:'s regime proclaimed martial law in order to quell the 5596:"Martial Law, B.E. 2457 (1914) unofficial translation" 5522:

Guiheux, Gilles; Tsang, Steve; Tien, Hung-Mao (2000).

5404:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 4911: 4049:, a government led by a committee of military leaders. 3609:, declared a state of martial law in the provinces of 2671:. These tensions were caused due to the controversial 2449:. The outline of a 1908 draft constitution—modeled on 6133: 5161:"Arroyo declares martial law in Maguindanao province" 3838:

Habeas corpus in the United States § Federal law

3068:

On 12 October 1999, the government of Prime Minister

2611:

civilians and "protect public and vital facilities".

2536:

by the Communist-ruled government on mainland China.

2186:

Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies

6189:

Full text of the 1972 Martial Law in the Philippines

6102:, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841) 154 pages. 3711:

groups grew, martial law is established in 1978 and

2980:, were overthrown by Myanmar's military, called the 5675:"What martial law in Ukraine could mean for nation" 5524:"Democratization in Taiwan: Implications for China" 5079:

Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia

4538:"EGYPT: Despair over Two More Years of Martial Law" 4158:

To Save the Country: A Lost Treatise on Martial Law

4083:"Martial law | Definition & Facts | Britannica" 4037:, a form of government headed by military generals. 3757:decides on the declaration of martial law and then 3488:There are no provisions for martial law as such in 3278:was planning to impose martial law to end military 2647:There is no implicit mention of Martial Law in the 6138: 5243: 3641:, declared while Prime Minister Shinawatra was in 3384:preparing to violently disperse protesters during 2469:to declare martial law in times of emergency. The 2314:Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah 5593: 5269: 6212: 6141:All the Laws but One: Civil Liberties in Wartime 5521: 5193: 4055:, a form of autocratic rule led by the military. 3269:Philippine Presidential Elections on May 9, 2016 3239:that ousted Marcos and forced him into exile in 2728:as the military governor of the capital city of 2114:Common law doctrine of necessity and martial law 5906: 4905: 3548:On 28 July 2005, the United Nations responded: 3459:United States Army Military Government in Korea 2939:, martial law was declared by Defense Minister 2477:later in 1920s and amended in 1940s. Following 2459:Provisional Government of the Republic of China 2395:in 1775–1776. It was also applied twice in the 5672: 5317:"Historischer Abriss zum Thema Ordnungsdienst" 2689:On 18 May 2003, during a military activity in 2659:, Martial law was effectively declared in the 2171:in the United States of America following the 2143:); when threatened by popular protest (China, 5654:Arango, Tim; Yeginsu, Ceylan (15 July 2016). 5653: 5487:, Routledge, pp. 69–88, 8 January 2016, 5155: 5153: 4886: 4798:The proclamation of martial law is forbidden. 4597:Institute for International Political Studies 3854:); after a major disaster (Chicago after the 3431:, which Poland signed in 1955, enabled other 2485:'s control given the impending withdrawal of 2445:could be dated back to the final year of the 2065: 6179:'Martial law' in the Encyclopædia Britannica 6013: 5818:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5638:"Thailand Crisis: Army Declares Martial Law" 5044: 5023:Katz, Yaakov; Mizroch, Amir (15 July 2006). 4785:Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran 3788:of Ukrainian naval ships by Russia near the 3675:Martial law and state of emergency in Turkey 2757:Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran 2493:. Martial law was declared first in 1947 in 5221: 5022: 4921:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 3792:a day earlier. A total of 276 lawmakers in 3629:declared martial law following a bloodless 2789:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 6199:Emergency Rule of 3 November 2007 Pakistan 5201:"Duterte declares Martial Law in Mindanao" 5150: 4990: 4718:"Martial Law In India - Indian Law Portal" 3659:Chief of the Administrative Reform Council 2457:—included provisions for martial law. The 2072: 2058: 6160:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics 5607:Office of the Council of State (Thailand) 4837: 4198: 3782:Russian troops stationed in its territory 3354:, and was in effect until December 2019. 2251:was a period of violent conflict between 5702:. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 12 May 2015 5568: 5252:"Islanders still mourn April 3 massacre" 5217:. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ. 30 January 2002. 5072: 5018: 5016: 5014: 4882: 4880: 4669: 4618: 3807:declared martial law in response to the 3744: 3723:'s official statement in a broadcast on 3461:declared martial law as a result of the 3371: 3022:The civilian martial law was imposed by 2984:. This military placed their power in a 2932:in the West Bank are under martial law. 2812:Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 2608:constitutional amendments passed in 2019 2549: 2308:Brunei has been under martial law since 1036:List of military strategies and concepts 5955: 4449:"Syria's Assad ends state of emergency" 4156:LIEBER, FRANCIS, and G. NORMAN LIEBER. 3731:included a declaration of martial law. 3095:. Jamali's premiership was followed by 6213: 6076: 6074: 6047: 6045: 6009: 6007: 5939: 5937: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 4991:Cohen, Amichai; Cohen, Stuart (2012). 4435:, May 20, 2000, retrieved May 10, 2009 4359: 3903:states, "The Privilege of the Writ of 2724:appointed Chief of Army Staff General 2202:; and the application or extension of 6145:. New York: William Morrow & Co. 5733: 5475: 5473: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5207: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5068: 5066: 5011: 4981:Haaretz.com. Haaretz, January 9, 2021 4877: 4443: 4441: 4393: 4302: 4253:The Doctrine of Necessity in Pakistan 4188: 3882:by Governor Brigham Young during the 3776:, an unrecognized breakaway state of 3438: 3231:in 1983, and widespread fraud in the 3033:The third was imposed by the General 2619:The Preparedness Act (SDK 1552/2011, 2507:Constitution of the Republic of China 2147:); to suppress political opposition ( 5275: 5249: 4803: 4268: 4222: 4220: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4077: 4075: 3749:2018 martial law in parts of Ukraine 3504:(state) authorities for assistance ( 2744:on 6 November and appointed General 2685:2003–04 Indonesian offensive in Aceh 2481:, the island of Taiwan came back to 2465:in March 1911, which authorized the 2413:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada 2221: 6071: 6042: 6004: 5934: 5913:. Oxford University Press. p. 5858: 5832: 5714: 5673:Matthew Kupfer (26 November 2018). 5132:"Myanmar Junta Extends Martial Law" 5025:"Martial Law Declared in the North" 4670:Sundaram, Chandar S. (March 2008). 4269:Safi, Michael (27 September 2020). 3665:, declared martial law nationwide. 3532:The martial law regime between the 2943:over the north of the country. The 2585:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces 13: 6090: 5594:Pakorn Nilprapunt (2 April 2012). 5470: 5421: 5391: 5344: 5278:"4·19때 경찰이 계엄사령관에 총탄 10만발 빌려달라 요청" 5276:Rhee, Moon Young (18 April 2011). 5113: 5063: 5050: 4438: 4189:Moore, Cameron (9 November 2017). 3274:There were rumours that President 3247:, was installed as his successor. 3190:) and an assassination attempt on 14: 6252: 6172: 5962:American Political Science Review 5573:. Rand Corporation. p. 172. 4255:, 16 Cornell Int. L. J. 2 (1983) 4217: 4175: 4137:LII / Legal Information Institute 4072: 3864:1934 West Coast waterfront strike 3858:of 1871; San Francisco after the 3311:, including women from the rival 2534:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 2429:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 2145:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 5956:Fairman, Charles (August 1928). 5250:Song, Jung Hee (31 March 2010). 4534:Inter Press Service News Agency. 4394:Zoepf, Katherine (2 June 2011). 4360:Chulov, Martin (15 March 2011). 3832:Martial law in the United States 3825: 3701:1971 Turkish military memorandum 3403:on 13 December 1981, by General 3006:on 7 October 1958, by President 110: 62: 46: 6184:Martial law in Thailand in 2005 5949: 5900: 5878: 5852: 5826: 5778: 5753: 5692: 5666: 5647: 5631: 5587: 5562: 5515: 5382: 5335: 5309: 5295: 5167: 4984: 4971: 4960: 4935: 4831: 4775: 4757: 4710: 4663: 4638: 4612: 4584: 4556: 4526: 4504: 4473: 4457:. 21 April 2011. Archived from 4421: 4387: 4353: 4327: 4002:, following the possibility of 3848:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 3803:On 24 February 2022, President 3647:United Nations General Assembly 3041:to form Bangladesh, politician 2916:in Egypt, martial law over the 2296:declared martial law during an 53:Tanks during the imposition of 6099:The Practice of Courts Martial 4646:"3. British India (1907-1947)" 4296: 4262: 4245: 4150: 4125: 4100: 4030:Military rule (disambiguation) 3582:Republic of China Armed Forces 3483: 3452: 3399:Martial law was introduced in 3235:. These eventually led to the 3124:Martial law in the Philippines 3117: 2926:Palestinian National Authority 1: 5859:Service, RFE/RL's Ukrainian. 5833:Service, RFE/RL's Ukrainian. 5485:Conversations with Terrorists 4745:. MacroHistory: World History 4065: 3977: 3427:military intervention as the 3220:) that crystallised with the 2978:National League for Democracy 2802:In late July 1921 Lord Cave ( 2761:Islamic Consultative Assembly 2441:In China, martial law in the 2411:, without the support of the 2275: 2165:Confederate States of America 2149:martial law in Poland in 1981 72:declaring martial law in the 5865:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 5839:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 4949:Cambridge University Press. 4891:. Paris, Editions du Felin. 4889:Palestine(s): Les déchirures 4765:"Emad Baghi :: English" 4339:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 3912:and in the South during the 3679:Since the foundation of the 3651:General Sonthi Boonyaratglin 3625:. On 19 September 2006, the 3237:1986 People Power Revolution 3171:, effective 10:00 that day. 3002:Martial law was declared in 2962: 2928:. Officially, only parts of 2678: 2602:Under the current president 2501:, then again in 1949 as the 2242: 30:Martial law (disambiguation) 7: 4838:Townshend, Charles (1982). 4013: 3874:by Joseph Smith during the 3820:2024 presidential elections 3809:Russian invasion of Ukraine 3621:in response to the growing 3588: 3290:State of National Emergency 3286:2004 presidential elections 3212:in intelligence gathering, 3010:who then appointed General 2991: 2837:populations, primarily the 2808:Court of Chancery (Ireland) 2528:Martial law was imposed in 2471:Martial Law Declaration Act 2110:, or some variation of it. 2095: 1529:Military–industrial complex 1008:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 6257: 5569:Mulvenon, James C (2003). 5073:Campbell, Stephen (2023). 4433:Les Patriotes de 1837@1838 3835: 3829: 3738: 3734: 3672: 3572: 3442: 3361: 3322:On 23 May 2017, President 3121: 3093:Prime Minister of Pakistan 3089:Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali 2998:Military coups in Pakistan 2995: 2971: 2781:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 2766: 2682: 2665:Defense of India Act, 1939 2661:Defense of India Act, 1915 2630: 2614: 2543: 2426: 2393:American Revolutionary War 2327: 2287: 2235:, Armenian prime minister 2226: 27: 20: 6204:16 September 2019 at the 5958:"The Law of Martial Rule" 4918:La Diaspora Palestinienne 4856:10.1017/S0018246X00009900 4688:10.1017/s0165115300001923 4172:. Accessed 30 March 2023. 3850:; New Orleans during the 3668: 3623:South Thailand insurgency 3568: 3357: 3028:Bangladesh Liberation War 2860:administrative detentions 2824: 2793:Irish War of Independence 2693:, under the order of the 2581:uprising against his rule 2323: 2318:Royal Brunei Armed Forces 2303: 2233:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war 1593:Loss-of-strength gradient 450:Combat information center 5907:G. Edward White (2012). 5736:"Martial Law in Ukraine" 5644:. Retrieved 2018-09-14. 3713:1980 Turkish coup d'état 3693:1960 Turkish coup d'état 3527: 3401:Polish People's Republic 3368:Polish People's Republic 3224:of jailed oppositionist 3097:Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain 3017:Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan 2642: 2556:2011 Egyptian revolution 2539: 2463:Provisional Constitution 2422: 2397:Province of Lower Canada 2298:anti-government uprising 2294:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 1911:Military science fiction 1396:Technology and equipment 817:List of military tactics 21:Not to be confused with 5888:. 2003. p. 276,368 5493:10.4324/9781315635422-9 5231:. Pyungkangcheil Church 3786:firing upon and seizure 3627:Royal Thai Armed Forces 3601:following the abortive 3534:1963 Syrian coup d'état 3465:. On 17 November 1948, 3276:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 3049:. Following widespread 2708: 2518:Chinese Communist Party 2401:1837–1838 insurrections 2370:Freedom Convoy protests 1979:Wartime sexual violence 1735:Full-spectrum dominance 1546:Supply-chain management 6241:Military dictatorships 6083:, 327 U.S. 304 (1946). 6026:10.12987/9780300245189 5055:. Defi. Archived from 4913:Bassma Kodmani-Darwish 4887:Valerie Féron (2001). 4844:The Historical Journal 4811:"Iranian Constitution" 4621:"Martial Law in India" 3996:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3947:, original at 20 3750: 3741:Martial law in Ukraine 3554: 3500:can be called upon by 3396: 3309:massacre of 58 persons 3267:for the recently held 3264:PiliPinas Debates 2016 2885:in 1956, in which the 2637:Icelandic constitution 2624: 2559: 2546:Emergency law in Egypt 2532:in 1989 following the 2475:Nationalist Government 2356:October Crisis of 1970 2284:declared martial law. 2257:Aboriginal Australians 2239:declared martial law. 2122: 1891:Awards and decorations 1864:Peace through strength 1839:Low-intensity conflict 1473:Conscientious objector 1346:Area of responsibility 70:Dunmore's Proclamation 6135:Rehnquist, William H. 4309:. Black Inc. p. 4303:Boyce, James (2010). 4232:www.brennancenter.org 4053:Military dictatorship 3914:Civil Rights Movement 3852:Battle of New Orleans 3784:, in response to the 3748: 3721:Peace at Home Council 3603:Palace Revolt of 1912 3575:Martial law in Taiwan 3550: 3445:Martial law in Russia 3386:martial law in Poland 3375: 3364:Martial law in Poland 3305:writ of habeas corpus 3214:forced disappearances 3188:Plaza Miranda bombing 3082:President of Pakistan 2945:Israel Defense Forces 2851:Israel Defense Forces 2722:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 2553: 2437:White Terror (Taiwan) 2433:Martial law in Taiwan 2427:Further information: 2108:doctrine of necessity 2090:military coup d'états 483:Torpedo data computer 473:Ship gun fire-control 55:martial law in Poland 6081:Duncan v. Kahanamoku 5448:10.18356/81853592-en 4486:"Middle East Online" 3972:Duncan v. Kahanamoku 3685:Turkish Armed Forces 3657:. Sonthi himself is 3510:World Economic Forum 3394:Secret Services (SB) 3332:Proclamation No. 216 3208:abuses (e.g. use of 2951:Instructions of the 2887:Israel Border Police 2810:also ruled that the 2771:In 1916, during the 2604:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 2499:February 28 incident 2362:was replaced by the 2340:Parliament of Canada 2190:; the suspension of 2009:Military occupations 1844:Military engineering 1746:Unrestricted Warfare 1603:Force multiplication 501:Military manoeuvrers 28:For other uses, see 6017:To Save the Country 5946:, 71 U.S. 2 (1866). 5740:www.americanbar.org 5734:Pavlynska, Alesya. 4512:Middle East On-line 4481:Middle East On-line 4461:on 4 September 2017 4341:. 27 September 2020 4200:10.22459/cs.11.2017 4170:10.2307/j.ctvk8vz1h 3937:Posse Comitatus Act 3876:Illinois Mormon War 3695:which toppled down 3413:Solidarity Movement 3405:Wojciech Jaruzelski 3233:1986 snap elections 3180:Proclamation № 1081 3043:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 3035:Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 3024:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 2883:Kafr Qasim massacre 2649:Indian constitution 2564:states of emergency 2491:colonial government 2473:were issued by the 2181:Franco-Prussian War 2177:Treaty of Frankfurt 1695:Penal military unit 1680:Rules of engagement 1356:Command and control 981:Operations research 445:Director (military) 435:Fire-control system 205:Command and control 86:Part of a series on 6114:United States Army 5660:The New York Times 5603:Thailand Law Forum 5181:on 7 December 2009 5163:. 5 December 2009. 5138:. 27 February 2023 5136:Human Rights Watch 5051:Curpen, Indradev. 5030:The Jerusalem Post 4600:. 11 December 2023 4520:2015-02-18 at the 4427:Françoise Dubuc. " 4400:The New York Times 4087:www.britannica.com 3925:American Civil War 3860:earthquake of 1906 3856:Great Chicago Fire 3805:Volodymyr Zelensky 3770:Russian Federation 3751: 3717:state of emergency 3681:Republic of Turkey 3607:Thaksin Shinawatra 3439:Russian Federation 3409:extraparliamentary 3397: 3317:political violence 3229:Benigno Aquino Jr. 3184:communist takeover 3076:took the title of 3012:Muhammad Ayub Khan 2953:Home Front Command 2912:in Syria, and the 2819:Irish Constitution 2755:Article 79 of the 2746:Gholam Reza Azhari 2742:Jafar Sharif-Emami 2597:Geneva Conventions 2560: 2455:Meiji Constitution 2443:Beiyang government 2385:invasion of Canada 2381:Province of Quebec 2173:American Civil War 2169:Reconstruction Era 2153:state of emergency 1804:Counter-insurgency 1725:Command of the sea 1670:Jewish laws on war 1645:Geneva Conventions 1181:Divide and conquer 976:Military operation 941:Tactical objective 440:Fire-control radar 417:Electronic-warfare 76:on 7 November 1775 74:Colony of Virginia 6128:978-1-58477-709-0 6106:Macomb, Alexander 6035:978-0-300-24518-9 5944:Ex parte Milligan 5924:978-0-19-972314-0 5640:(May 20, 2014). 5502:978-1-315-63542-2 5457:978-92-1-056786-2 5004:978-0-415-54914-1 4769:www.emadbaghi.com 4572:. 5 February 2024 4492:on 24 August 2006 4320:978-1-921825-39-2 4306:Van Diemen's Land 4251:Mark M. Stavsky, 4210:978-1-76046-155-3 3960:Ex parte Milligan 3921:United States law 3910:Whiskey Rebellion 3901:U.S. Constitution 3842:Suspension Clause 3790:Crimean Peninsula 3761:must approve it. 3729:2016 coup attempt 3457:In October 1946, 3388:, 1981–1983. The 3195:Juan Ponce Enrile 2897:, were notified. 2726:Gholam Ali Oveisi 2669:Amritsar Massacre 2567:the legislation. 2503:Chinese Civil War 2253:British colonists 2222:By country/region 2212:military tribunal 2082: 2081: 1974:Horses in warfare 1921:Anti-war movement 1824:Gunboat diplomacy 1814:Disaster response 1762:Philosophy of war 1757:Principles of war 1730:Deterrence theory 1675:Right of conquest 1598:Lanchester's laws 1366:Principles of war 1056:Counter-offensive 1041:Military campaign 946:Target saturation 869:Counterinsurgency 478:Gun data computer 412:Close air support 374:Aircraft carriers 6248: 6156: 6144: 6084: 6078: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6059:. 18 August 2017 6049: 6040: 6039: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5817: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5731: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5651: 5645: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5621: 5616:on 16 April 2013 5615: 5609:. Archived from 5600: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5477: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5432: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5400: 5389: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5361: 5342: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5177:. Archived from 5171: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5128: 5111: 5110: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5020: 5009: 5008: 4988: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4739: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4540:. Archived from 4530: 4524: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4488:. Archived from 4483:, 23 March 2006. 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4445: 4436: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4266: 4260: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4202: 4186: 4173: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4079: 4059:Authoritarianism 3872:Nauvoo, Illinois 3816:2023 legislative 3766:Petro Poroshenko 3687:conducted three 3663:Prayut Chan-ocha 3478:April Revolution 3313:Mangudadatu clan 3192:Defense Minister 3176:Ferdinand Marcos 3130:Second World War 3074:Pervez Musharraf 2937:2006 Lebanon war 2879:Palestinian flag 2750:Shapour Bakhtiar 2715:Mostafa Khomeini 2523:Chiang Ching-kuo 2461:promulgated the 2389:Continental Army 2360:War Measures Act 2336:War Measures Act 2330:War Measures Act 2208:military justice 2133:Thailand in 2006 2103:Sir Matthew Hale 2074: 2067: 2060: 1829:Humanitarian aid 1767:Security dilemma 1588:Power projection 1371:Economy of force 1351:Chain of command 1066:Defence in depth 1051:Commerce raiding 874:Defeat in detail 210:Defense ministry 114: 105: 104: 95: 83: 82: 66: 50: 6256: 6255: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6245: 6211: 6210: 6206:Wayback Machine 6175: 6153: 6093: 6091:Further reading 6088: 6087: 6079: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6057:pearlharbor.org 6051: 6050: 6043: 6036: 6012: 6005: 5974:10.2307/1945619 5954: 5950: 5942: 5935: 5925: 5905: 5901: 5891: 5889: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5831: 5827: 5811: 5810: 5803: 5801: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5765:The Independent 5759: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5732: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5671: 5667: 5652: 5648: 5636: 5632: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5581: 5567: 5563: 5540:10.2307/2672460 5528:Pacific Affairs 5520: 5516: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5434: 5433: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5402: 5401: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5363: 5362: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5284: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5130: 5129: 5114: 5091:10.1355/sj38-1a 5071: 5064: 5059:on 12 May 2014. 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5021: 5012: 5005: 4989: 4985: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4961: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4885: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4791: 4789: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569:Middle East Eye 4562: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4522:Wayback Machine 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4447: 4446: 4439: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4267: 4263: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4187: 4176: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4081: 4080: 4073: 4068: 4016: 4008:Kumanovo Treaty 3980: 3844: 3834: 3828: 3743: 3737: 3677: 3671: 3655:General Surayud 3645:to address the 3593:Martial law in 3591: 3577: 3571: 3530: 3506:Assistenzdienst 3486: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3421:Wujek Coal Mine 3407:to prevent the 3370: 3362:Main articles: 3360: 3324:Rodrigo Duterte 3126: 3120: 3078:Chief Executive 3063:Rahimuddin Khan 3059:military action 3000: 2994: 2974: 2965: 2914:Sinai Peninsula 2827: 2797:Irish Civil War 2769: 2734:Emadeddin Baghi 2711: 2699:Indonesian Army 2687: 2681: 2645: 2633: 2617: 2548: 2542: 2495:Taiwan Province 2487:Japanese forces 2439: 2425: 2365:Emergencies Act 2358:. In 1988, the 2332: 2326: 2306: 2290: 2278: 2268:declared since 2245: 2237:Nikol Pashinyan 2229: 2224: 2125: 2116: 2098: 2078: 2049: 2048: 1999: 1989: 1988: 1954: 1946: 1945: 1886: 1876: 1875: 1849:Multilateralism 1834:Law enforcement 1794: 1784: 1783: 1752:Just war theory 1710: 1700: 1699: 1650:Geneva Protocol 1620: 1610: 1609: 1583: 1573: 1572: 1514: 1504: 1503: 1411: 1401: 1400: 1341: 1331: 1330: 1296: 1286: 1285: 1216:Network-centric 1136: 1126: 1125: 1033: 1023: 1022: 971: 961: 960: 909:Rapid dominance 814: 804: 803: 759:Electromagnetic 668: 658: 657: 644: 597: 545: 521: 511: 510: 506:Combat training 487: 464: 430:Combat systems: 426: 388: 384:Auxiliary ships 350: 310: 306:Military police 272: 195: 185: 184: 124: 98: 97: 96: 91: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 67: 59: 58: 57:, December 1981 51: 42: 41: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6254: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6226:Emergency laws 6223: 6209: 6208: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6174: 6173:External links 6171: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6157: 6151: 6131: 6103: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6070: 6041: 6034: 6003: 5968:(3): 591–616. 5948: 5933: 5923: 5899: 5877: 5851: 5825: 5777: 5752: 5713: 5691: 5665: 5646: 5630: 5586: 5579: 5561: 5514: 5501: 5469: 5456: 5420: 5390: 5381: 5343: 5334: 5308: 5294: 5268: 5242: 5220: 5206: 5203:. 23 May 2017. 5192: 5166: 5149: 5112: 5062: 5043: 5010: 5003: 4983: 4970: 4959: 4934: 4927: 4904: 4897: 4876: 4830: 4802: 4782:"Article 79", 4774: 4756: 4731: 4720:. 24 July 2020 4709: 4682:(1): 132–133. 4662: 4637: 4619:aironline.in. 4611: 4583: 4555: 4544:on 18 May 2009 4525: 4514:, 1 May 2005. 4503: 4472: 4437: 4420: 4386: 4352: 4326: 4319: 4295: 4261: 4244: 4216: 4209: 4174: 4149: 4124: 4099: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4063: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4047:Military junta 4044: 4038: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4012: 3979: 3976: 3941:18 U.S.C. 3868:Freedom Riders 3830:Main article: 3827: 3824: 3759:Verkhovna Rada 3739:Main article: 3736: 3733: 3697:Democrat Party 3673:Main article: 3670: 3667: 3590: 3587: 3573:Main article: 3570: 3567: 3529: 3526: 3518:Ordnungsdienst 3485: 3482: 3454: 3451: 3443:Main article: 3440: 3437: 3359: 3356: 3352:Ernesto Abella 3169:United Kingdom 3149:Imperial Japan 3137:José P. Laurel 3122:Main article: 3119: 3116: 3051:civil disorder 3008:Iskander Mirza 2996:Main article: 2993: 2990: 2986:military junta 2973: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2826: 2823: 2804:House of Lords 2768: 2765: 2710: 2707: 2680: 2677: 2644: 2641: 2632: 2629: 2616: 2613: 2606:, a series of 2576:Dahab bombings 2541: 2538: 2424: 2421: 2325: 2322: 2305: 2302: 2292:In 2011, King 2289: 2286: 2277: 2274: 2244: 2241: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2097: 2094: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2062: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2014:Military terms 2011: 2006: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1887: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1772:Tripwire force 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1526: 1521: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1423: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1294:Administrative 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1221:New generation 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1196:Fleet in being 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1137: 1134:Grand strategy 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1121:Scorched earth 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1034: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 998:Deep operation 995: 990: 983: 978: 972: 967: 966: 963: 962: 959: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 927: 926: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 845: 844: 839: 834: 824: 815: 810: 809: 806: 805: 802: 801: 799:Unconventional 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 747: 745:Disinformation 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 716: 715: 710: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 669: 664: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655: 650: 643: 642: 641: 640: 639: 638: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 596: 595: 594: 593: 592: 591: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 544: 543: 542: 541: 536: 531: 522: 517: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 503: 498: 496:Basic training 493: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 425: 424: 422:Reconnaissance 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 349: 348: 343: 341:Special forces 338: 333: 332: 331: 321: 316: 309: 308: 303: 298: 296:Reconnaissance 293: 288: 283: 278: 271: 270: 261: 256: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 191: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 181: 180: 175: 165: 164: 163: 158: 148: 147: 146: 139:Post-classical 136: 131: 125: 120: 119: 116: 115: 107: 106: 88: 87: 68: 61: 60: 52: 45: 44: 43: 39: 38: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6253: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6207: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6152:0-688-05142-1 6148: 6143: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6111: 6110:Major General 6107: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6094: 6082: 6077: 6075: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6046: 6037: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5903: 5887: 5881: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5821: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5701: 5695: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5580:0-8330-3469-3 5576: 5572: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5518: 5504: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5385: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5338: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5304: 5298: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5230: 5224: 5216: 5210: 5202: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5162: 5156: 5154: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5067: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5006: 5000: 4997:. Routledge. 4996: 4995: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4955:0-521-33028-9 4952: 4948: 4944: 4943:Morris, Benny 4938: 4930: 4928:2-13-048486-7 4924: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4900: 4898:2-86645-391-3 4894: 4890: 4883: 4881: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4819: 4812: 4806: 4799: 4787: 4786: 4778: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4719: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4507: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4444: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4299: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4258: 4254: 4248: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4212: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4193:. ANU Press. 4192: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4138: 4134: 4133:"martial law" 4128: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3984:Yugoslav Wars 3975: 3973: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3905:Habeas Corpus 3902: 3898: 3897:habeas corpus 3894: 3893: 3892:habeas corpus 3887: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3826:United States 3823: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3643:New York City 3640: 3636: 3632: 3631:military coup 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3583: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3496:of 1995, the 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3474:Jeju Uprising 3471: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3382:police batons 3379: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3348:Lanao del Sur 3345: 3341: 3337: 3334:, due to the 3333: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3288:. Instead, a 3287: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3259:Imelda Marcos 3257: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3222:assassination 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3165:United States 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039:East Pakistan 3036: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2910:Golan Heights 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2833:having large 2832: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777:Lord Wimborne 2774: 2773:Easter Rising 2764: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2705:separatists. 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2572:Hosni Mubarak 2568: 2565: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2417:John Colborne 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2265:George Arthur 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2219: 2217: 2216:court-martial 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2200:habeas corpus 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2141:Egypt in 2013 2138: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1992: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1901:Warrior caste 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1872: 1871:Show of force 1869: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1859:Peacebuilding 1857: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1788: 1787: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1715:Air supremacy 1713: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1703: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1655:Islamic rules 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1635:Court-martial 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1614: 1613: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1534:Arms industry 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1151:Broken-backed 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 993:Expeditionary 991: 989: 988: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 970: 965: 964: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 925: 922: 921: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 864:Counterattack 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 818: 813: 808: 807: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 789:Psychological 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 725:Combined arms 723: 721: 718: 714: 711: 709: 706: 705: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 667: 662: 661: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 603: 602: 599: 598: 590: 587: 586: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 564:Fortification 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 546: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 524: 523: 520: 515: 514: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 465: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 427: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 385: 382: 380: 379:Landing craft 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 273: 269: 265: 264:Standing army 262: 260: 257: 255: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 194: 189: 188: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 169: 166: 162: 159: 157: 156:pike and shot 154: 153: 152: 149: 145: 142: 141: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 123: 118: 117: 113: 109: 108: 102: 94: 90: 89: 85: 84: 75: 71: 65: 56: 49: 35: 31: 24: 19: 6236:Military law 6165: 6159: 6140: 6118: 6098: 6080: 6061:. Retrieved 6056: 6016: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5943: 5928: 5909: 5902: 5890:. Retrieved 5880: 5868:. Retrieved 5864: 5854: 5842:. Retrieved 5838: 5828: 5802:. Retrieved 5791:The Guardian 5790: 5780: 5768:. Retrieved 5764: 5755: 5743:. Retrieved 5739: 5704:. Retrieved 5694: 5682:. Retrieved 5678: 5668: 5659: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5618:. Retrieved 5611:the original 5602: 5589: 5570: 5564: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5506:, retrieved 5484: 5461:, retrieved 5439: 5411:. Retrieved 5407: 5384: 5372:. Retrieved 5368: 5337: 5325:. Retrieved 5321:www.admin.ch 5320: 5311: 5297: 5285:. Retrieved 5271: 5259:. Retrieved 5245: 5233:. Retrieved 5223: 5209: 5195: 5183:. Retrieved 5179:the original 5169: 5140:. Retrieved 5135: 5082: 5078: 5057:the original 5046: 5034:. Retrieved 5028: 4993: 4986: 4973: 4962: 4946: 4937: 4919: 4916: 4907: 4888: 4867:. Retrieved 4847: 4843: 4833: 4821:. Retrieved 4817: 4805: 4797: 4792:17 September 4790:, retrieved 4784: 4777: 4768: 4759: 4747:. Retrieved 4722:. Retrieved 4712: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4653:. Retrieved 4649: 4640: 4628:. Retrieved 4625:aironline.in 4624: 4614: 4602:. Retrieved 4595: 4586: 4574:. Retrieved 4567: 4558: 4546:. Retrieved 4542:the original 4533: 4528: 4511: 4506: 4494:. Retrieved 4490:the original 4480: 4475: 4463:. Retrieved 4459:the original 4452: 4432: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4399: 4389: 4377:. Retrieved 4366:The Guardian 4365: 4355: 4343:. Retrieved 4338: 4329: 4305: 4298: 4288:27 September 4286:. Retrieved 4275:The Guardian 4274: 4264: 4252: 4247: 4235:. Retrieved 4231: 4190: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4140:. Retrieved 4136: 4127: 4115:. Retrieved 4112:Investopedia 4111: 4102: 4090:. Retrieved 4086: 4041:Police state 3981: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3929:World War II 3918: 3904: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3845: 3813: 3802: 3798: 3774:Transnistria 3763: 3752: 3689:coups d'état 3683:in 1923 the 3678: 3592: 3578: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3522:World War II 3517: 3505: 3493: 3492:. Under the 3487: 3470:Syngman Rhee 3456: 3448: 3433:Eastern Bloc 3415:, including 3398: 3380:squads with 3321: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3262: 3253: 3249: 3218:middle class 3206:human rights 3203: 3173: 3159:between the 3157:state of war 3145:client state 3127: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101:Shaukat Aziz 3070:Nawaz Sharif 3067: 3032: 3021: 3001: 2975: 2966: 2950: 2934: 2899: 2876: 2828: 2817:The current 2816: 2801: 2770: 2754: 2738:Black Friday 2712: 2688: 2654: 2646: 2634: 2618: 2601: 2592: 2589: 2569: 2561: 2527: 2511: 2479:World War II 2470: 2447:Qing dynasty 2440: 2407:by Governor 2377:colonial era 2374: 2363: 2359: 2352:World War II 2335: 2333: 2307: 2291: 2282:Ilham Aliyev 2279: 2246: 2230: 2204:military law 2196:civil rights 2185: 2161:World War II 2157: 2126: 2117: 2099: 2084: 2083: 1984:Fifth column 1964:War resister 1959:Women in war 1854:Peacekeeping 1799:Arms control 1744: 1684: 1433:Mobilization 1428:Conscription 1386:Intelligence 1339:Organization 985: 914:Encirclement 794:Radiological 730:Conventional 584:Subterranean 491:Development: 490: 467: 429: 391: 354:Naval units: 353: 346:Signal corps 313: 291:Intelligence 276:Specialties: 275: 200:Organization 151:Early modern 34: 18: 6221:Martial law 5870:29 February 5844:29 February 5804:24 February 5770:26 November 5706:26 November 5684:26 November 5369:www.hrw.org 5327:27 November 5323:(in German) 5256:Jeju weekly 5085:(1): 1–27. 4977:Raz, Adam. 4823:25 November 4749:23 December 4035:Stratocracy 4025:Gendarmerie 3982:During the 3945:§ 1385 3935:passed the 3931:. In 1878, 3727:during the 3637:capital of 3490:Switzerland 3484:Switzerland 3453:South Korea 3429:Warsaw Pact 3417:Lech Wałęsa 3344:Marawi City 3340:Maute Group 3301:Maguindanao 3281:coup d'etat 3199:Mandaluyong 3161:Philippines 3141:Philippines 3139:placed the 3128:During the 3118:Philippines 3085:Rafiq Tarar 3055:coup d'état 3047:Balochistan 2941:Amir Peretz 2935:During the 2918:Palestinian 2673:Rowlatt Act 2657:British Raj 2655:During the 2625:valmiuslaki 2514:Nationalist 2399:during the 2391:during the 2383:during the 2375:During the 2348:World War I 2310:a rebellion 2231:During the 2129:coup d'état 2085:Martial law 1969:War studies 1792:Non-warfare 1720:Appeasement 1685:Martial law 1524:War economy 1463:Transgender 1416:Recruitment 1176:Containment 1061:Culminating 969:Operational 889:Envelopment 832:Air assault 713:Air cavalry 673:Air defence 653:Information 554:Cold-region 519:Battlespace 468:Historical: 314:Land units: 240:Space force 235:Coast guard 168:Late modern 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