Murder - Knowledge

3407:

There were 52,260 murders in Brazil, consecutively elevating the record set in 2009. Over half a million people were shot to death in Brazil between 1979 and 2003. 33,335 murder cases were registered across India, approximately 17,000 murders in Colombia (the murder rate was 38 per 100,000 people, in 2008 murders went down to 15,000), approximately 16,000 murders in South Africa, approximately 15,000 murders in the United States, approximately 26,000 murders in Mexico, about 8,000 murders committed in Russia, approximately 13,000 murders in Venezuela, approximately 4,000 murders in El Salvador, approximately 1,400 murders in Jamaica, approximately 550 murders in Canada and approximately 470 murders in Trinidad and Tobago. Pakistan reported 12,580 murders.

80: 4489:

rape or sex offense, robbery, kidnapping, burglary, or other felony committed or attempted with the use of a deadly weapon, shall be ... murder in the first degree ... and shall be punished by death or life imprisonment ... except that any person ... under 17 years of age at the time of the murder shall be punished with imprisonment ... for life. All other kinds of murder, including that which shall be proximately caused by the unlawful distribution of opium or any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or the preparation of opium ... cause the death of the user, shall be ... murder in the second degree and ... shall be punished as a Class C felony

3242: 3322: 2473: 3318:

period from 1972 to 1994, before falling to 5 in present times. The increase since 1957 would have been even greater if not for the significant improvements in medical techniques and emergency response times, which mean that more and more attempted homicide victims survive. According to one estimate, if the lethality levels of criminal assaults of 1964 still applied in 1993, the country would have seen the murder rate of around 26 per 100,000, almost triple the actually observed rate of 9.5 per 100,000.

2965: 2491:§ 40.15 Mental disease or defect. In any prosecution for an offense, it is an affirmative defence that when the defendant engaged in the proscribed conduct, he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect. Such lack of criminal responsibility means that at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: 1. The nature and consequences of such conduct; or 2. That such conduct was wrong. 9266: 10005: 9275: 9142: 3455:'s Supplementary Homicide Report indicated that nearly half of the 14,990 murder victims that year were black (7421). In the year 2007, there were 3,221 black victims and 3,587 white victims of non-negligent homicides. While 2,905 of the black victims were killed by a black offender, 2,918 of the white victims were killed by white offenders. There were 566 white victims of black offenders and 245 black victims of white offenders. The "white" category in the 9152: 3416: 105: 3303: 2175:) is maintained; when differentiating between murder and manslaughter, the only relevant factor is the existence or not of premeditation (rather than the existence or not of mitigating or aggravated factors). Manslaughter (non-premeditated intentional killing) with aggravating factors is punished more severely, but it is not classified as murder, because murder is an offense which always requires premeditation. 3346:. Since most murders are committed by young males, the near simultaneous low in the murder rates of major developed countries circa 1960 can be attributed to low birth rates during the Great Depression and World War II. Causes of further moves are more controversial. Some of the more exotic factors claimed to affect murder rates include the availability of abortion and the likelihood of chronic exposure to 2554:, infanticide was made a separate crime from murder in 1949, applicable for the mother of a baby under one year old where "the balance of her mind was disturbed by reason of her not having fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to the child or by reason of the effect of lactation consequent upon the birth of the child". Since independence, death sentences for murder in such cases had always been 3432: 3377: 2241:: acting in self-defense or in defense of another person is generally accepted as legal justification for killing a person in situations that would otherwise have been murder. However, a self-defense killing might be considered manslaughter if the killer established control of the situation before the killing took place, such as 2045:(literally 'assassination'): takes place when any of these requirements concur: Treachery (the use of means to avoid risk for the aggressor or to ensure that the crime goes unpunished), price or reward (financial gain) or viciousness (deliberately increasing the pain of the victim). After the last reform of the 4488:

Murder in the First and Second Degree (14–17) A murder which shall be perpetrated by ... poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate and premeditated killing or which shall be committed in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of any arson,

3289:

reported in October 2002 that a person is murdered every 60 seconds. An estimated 520,000 people were murdered in 2000 around the globe. Another study estimated the worldwide murder rate at 456,300 in 2010 with a 35% increase since 1990. Two-fifths of them were young people between the ages of 10 and

2519:

A person who, at the time he acted, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which reduced his discernment or impeded his ability to control his actions, remains punishable; however, the court shall take this into account when it decides the penalty and determines its regime.

3443:

In the United States, 666,160 people were killed between 1960 and 1996. Approximately 90% of murders in the US are committed by males. Between 1976 and 2005, 23.5% of all murder victims and 64.8% of victims murdered by intimate partners were female. For women in the US, homicide is the leading cause

2760:

homicide (art. 222-7 French penal code, art. 584 Italian penal code, art. 227 German penal code etc.). Felony murder contrasts with the principle of guilt, for which in England it was, at least formally, abolished in 1957, in Canada it was quashed by the Supreme Court, while in the USA it continues

2580:

killing, but manslaughter also includes criminally negligent (i.e. grossly negligent) homicide. Unintentional killing that results from an involuntary action generally cannot constitute murder. After examining the evidence, a judge or jury (depending on the jurisdiction) would determine whether the

2562:

and the solemn words of the judge pronouncing sentence of death in those cases ... where it is clear to the Court and to everybody, except perhaps the unfortunate accused, that the sentence will never be carried out." In Russia, murder of a newborn child by the mother has been a separate crime since

2056:

As with most legal terms, the precise definition of murder varies between jurisdictions and is usually codified in some form of legislation. Even when the legal distinction between murder and manslaughter is clear, it is not unknown for a jury to find a murder defendant guilty of the lesser offense.

3406:

The following absolute murder counts per-country are not comparable because they are not adjusted by each country's total population. Nonetheless, they are included here for reference, with 2010 used as the base year (they may or may not include justifiable homicide, depending on the jurisdiction).

2825:

The potential effect of fully abolishing the rule can be seen in the case of 74-year-old William Barnes, charged with the murder of a Philadelphia police officer Walter T. Barclay Jr., who he had shot nearly 41 years previously. Barnes had served 16 years in prison for attempting to murder Barkley,

2747:

in some common law jurisdictions broadens the crime of murder: when an offender kills in the commission of a dangerous crime, (regardless of intent), he or she is guilty of murder. The felony murder rule is often justified by its supporters as a means of preventing dangerous felonies, but the case

2355:

In the United States, in most states and in federal jurisdiction, a killing by a police officer is excluded from prosecution if the officer reasonably believes they are being threatened with deadly force by the victim. This may include such actions by the victim as reaching into a glove compartment

2025:

Under state of mind (iii), an "abandoned and malignant heart", the killing must result from the defendant's conduct involving a reckless indifference to human life and a conscious disregard of an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily injury. In Australian jurisdictions, the unreasonable risk

2386:

in 1994 as not requiring any proof of the viability of the fetus as a prerequisite to a murder conviction. This holding has two implications. Firstly, a defendant in California can be convicted of murder for killing a fetus which the mother herself could have terminated without committing a crime.

2099:

The most common division is between first- and second-degree murder. Generally, second-degree murder is common law murder, and first-degree is an aggravated form. The aggravating factors of first-degree murder depend on the jurisdiction, but may include a specific intent to kill, premeditation, or

3317:

In the United States, murder rates have been higher and have fluctuated. They fell below 2 per 100,000 by 1900, rose during the first half of the century, dropped in the years following World War II, and bottomed out at 4.0 in 1957 before rising again. The rate stayed in 9 to 10 range most of the

2131:

of wrongfully and intentionally causing the death of another human being (also known as murder) after rationally considering the timing or method of doing so, in order to either increase the likelihood of success, or to evade detection or apprehension. State laws in the United States vary as to

1967:

carried its everyday meaning – a deliberate and premeditated (prior intent) killing of another motivated by ill will. Murder necessarily required that an appreciable time pass between the formation and execution of the intent to kill. The courts broadened the scope of murder by eliminating the

3337:

A similar, but less pronounced pattern has been seen in major European countries as well. The murder rate in the United Kingdom fell to 1 per 100,000 by the beginning of the 20th century and as low as 0.62 per 100,000 in 1960, and was at 1.28 per 100,000 as of 2009. The murder rate in France

2021:

or instrument against the victim, such use authorises a permissive inference of intent to kill. Examples of deadly weapons and instruments include but are not limited to guns, knives, deadly toxins or chemicals or gases and even vehicles when intentionally used to harm one or more victims.

3481:

was effectively imposed in the late 1960s. This fact has been used to argue that capital punishment serves as a deterrent and, as such, it is morally justified. Capital punishment opponents frequently counter that the United States has much higher murder rates than Canada and most

2550:. According to Susan Friedman, "Two dozen nations have infanticide laws that decrease the penalty for mothers who kill their children of up to one year of age. The United States does not have such a law, but mentally ill mothers may plead not guilty by reason of insanity." In the 2132:

definitions of "premeditation". In some states, premeditation may be construed as taking place mere seconds before the murder. Premeditated murder is one of the most serious forms of homicide, and is punished more severely than manslaughter or other types of homicide, often with a

2571:

For a killing to be considered murder in nine out of fifty states in the US, there normally needs to be an element of intent. A defendant may argue that they took precautions not to kill, that the death could not have been anticipated, or was unavoidable. As a general rule,

2809:

In the United States, many jurisdictions have abolished the rule as well. Abolition of the rule has been accomplished by enactment of statutory criminal codes, which had the effect of displacing the common-law definitions of crimes and corresponding defenses. In 2001 the

7137: 6502:"A report of the trial of Arthur Hodge, Esquire, (late one of the members of His Majesty's Council for the Virgin-Islands) at the island of Tortola, on the 25th April, 1811, and adjourned to the 29th of the same month, for the murder of his Negro man slave named Prosper" 1976:, murder requires the mental element known as malice aforethought. Mitigating factors that weigh against a finding of intent to kill, such as "loss of control" or "diminished responsibility", may result in the reduction of a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter. 3341:

The specific factors driving these dynamics in murder rates are complex and not universally agreed upon. Much of the raise in the U.S. murder rate during the first half of the 20th century is generally thought to be attributed to gang violence associated with

2403:. This means that a person may be found guilty of "manslaughter" on the basis of "diminished responsibility" rather than being found guilty of murder, if it can be proved that the killer was suffering from a condition that affected their judgment at the time. 2729:, but is not classified into degrees. Penalties for murder committed under aggravating circumstances are often higher under English law than the 15-year minimum non-parole period that otherwise serves as a starting point for a murder committed by an adult. 3096:"That is why We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever takes a life—unless as a punishment for murder or mischief in the land—it will be as if they killed all of humanity; and whoever saves a life, it will be as if they saved all of humanity." 2456:

are not legally considered insanity. In some jurisdictions, following the pre-trial hearing to determine the extent of the disorder, the defense of "not guilty by reason of insanity" may be used to get a not guilty verdict. This defense has two elements:

2794:

With advances in modern medicine, most countries have abandoned a fixed time period and test causation on the facts of the case. This is known as "delayed death" and cases where this was applied or was attempted to be applied go back to at least 1966.

3477:. Using properly filtered data, it is possible to make the case for or against either of these issues. For example, one could look at murder rates in the United States from 1950 to 2000, and notice that those rates went up sharply shortly after a 3000:

1956: 195) This statement is true for most African tribes, for pre-modern Europeans, for Indigenous Australians, and for Native Americans, according to ethnographic reports from all over the world. ... Homicides rise to incredible numbers among

2197:, that is, an act which is evil within itself. An act such as murder is wrong or evil by its very nature, and it is the very nature of the act which does not require any specific detailing or definition in the law to consider murder a crime. 3009:. When a boy is born, the father has to kill a man. He needs a name for his child and can receive it only by a man, he himself has murdered. When a man wants to marry, he must kill a man. When a man dies, his family again has to kill a man. 2340:), committed frequently by a husband, father or male relative of the victim, is not considered murder; it may not be considered a criminal act or it may be considered a criminal offense other than murder. International law, including the 2226:

The killing of enemy combatants who have not surrendered, when committed by lawful combatants in accordance with lawful orders in war, is generally not considered murder. Illicit killings within a war may constitute murder or homicidal

7133: 4160: 2204:

case law or previous decisions of the courts of law. However, although the common law is by nature flexible and adaptable, in the interests both of certainty and of securing convictions, most common law jurisdictions have

1968:

requirement of actual premeditation and deliberation as well as true malice. All that was required for malice aforethought to exist is that the perpetrator act with one of the four states of mind that constitutes "malice".

2755:

The felony-murder reflects the versari in re illicita: the offender is objectively responsible for the event of the unintentional crime; in fact the figure of the civil law systems corresponding to felony murder is the

3099:"˹They are˺ those who do not invoke any other god besides Allah, nor take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right, nor commit fornication. And whoever does ˹any of˺ this will face the penalty." 5008: 2609:. Afterward, California amended its penal code to provide "As a matter of public policy there shall be no defense of diminished capacity, diminished responsibility, or irresistible impulse in a criminal action...." 3922:("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") 4991: 3813:

recognizes a fetus as a legal victim if injured or killed during the commission of certain federal crimes. This law applies to federal jurisdictions and certain crimes but excludes legal abortions and medical

2534:

Those who successfully argue a defense based on a mental disorder are usually referred to mandatory clinical treatment until they are certified safe to be released back into the community, rather than prison.

2255:

is a partial defense to a charge of murder which acts by converting what would otherwise have been murder into manslaughter (this is voluntary manslaughter, which is more severe than involuntary manslaughter).

5545: 2162:

classifies murder as either first- or second-degree. The former type of murder is often called premeditated murder, although premeditation is not the only way murder can be classified as first-degree. In the

2826:

but when the policeman died on August 19, 2007, this was alleged to be from complications of the wounds suffered from the shooting – and Barnes was charged with his murder. He was acquitted on May 24, 2010.

7112: 1929:– the total and irreversible cessation of blood circulation and respiration. With advances in medical technology courts have adopted irreversible cessation of all brain function as marking the end of life. 1839:

of murder in a court of law. After arrest, for example, journalists may instead write that the person was "arrested on suspicion of murder", or, after a prosecutor files charges, as an "accused murderer".

3392:, around 4.5 in 2014, with rates in larger cities sometimes over 40 per 100,000. The top ten highest murder rates are in Honduras (91.6 per 100,000), El Salvador, Ivory Coast, Venezuela, Belize, Jamaica, 2029:

Under state of mind (iv), the felony-murder doctrine, the felony committed must be an inherently dangerous felony, such as burglary, arson, rape, robbery or kidnapping. Importantly, the underlying felony

2516:

A person is not criminally liable who, when the act was committed, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which destroyed his discernment or his ability to control his actions.

2391:

in his dissent, because women carrying nonviable fetuses may not be visibly pregnant, it may be possible for a defendant to be convicted of intentionally murdering a person they did not know existed.

4926: 3497:

in the past few decades, the fraction of murders solved has decreased in the United States, from 90% in 1960 to 61% in 2007. Solved murder rates in major U.S. cities varied in 2007 from 36% in

2996:

from Sudan: "Homicide is not forbidden, and Nuer do not think it wrong to kill a man in fair fight. On the contrary, a man who slays another in combat is admired for his courage and skill." (

4152: 3388:, Iceland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Germany are among the lowest in the world, around 0.3–1 cases per 100,000 people per year; the rate of the United States is among the highest of 7196: 7230: 5126: 7494: 6793: 5269:"2011 California Code :: Penal Code :: PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25 - 680] :: TITLE 1. OF PERSONS LIABLE TO PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME :: Section 28" 2307:

Killing to prevent the theft of one's property may be legal under certain circumstances, depending on the jurisdiction. In 2013, a jury in south Texas acquitted a man who killed a

2365:

All jurisdictions require that the victim be a natural person; that is, a human being who was still alive before being murdered. In other words, under the law one cannot murder a

7087: 7334: 1945:

This element presents the issue of when life begins. At common law, a fetus was not a human being. Life began when the fetus passed through the vagina and took its first breath.

1889:

when a person, of sound memory and discretion, unlawfully kills any reasonable creature in being and under the king's peace, with malice aforethought, either express or implied.

5800: 7470: 5769: 5004: 3399: 2258:

Accidental killings are considered homicides. Depending on the circumstances, these may or may not be considered criminal offenses; they are often considered manslaughter.

5939: 5033:

Friedman, SH. "Commentary: Postpartum Psychosis, Infanticide, and Insanity Implications for Forensic Psychiatry", J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 40:3:326-332 (September 2012).

3227:

was a social code that required Corsicans to kill anyone who wronged their family honor. Between 1821 and 1852, no fewer than 4,300 murders were perpetrated in Corsica.

1655:

Most societies consider murder to be an extremely serious crime, and thus believe that a person convicted of murder should receive harsh punishments for the purposes of

2940:

are associated with an increased homicide rate, most notably narcissistic, anti-social, and histrionic personality disorders and those associated with psychopathology.

2468:

That the defendant's mental condition, at the time of the killing, rendered the perpetrator unable to determine right from wrong, or that what they were doing was wrong

4684: 5414: 3736: 5908: 2116:, but they differ significantly in which kinds of murders they classify as second-degree versus third-degree. For example, Minnesota defines third-degree murder as 7108: 6852: 4471: 2061:, or in the case of a bullied victim who kills their tormentor), and the jury may wish to protect the defendant from a sentence of life imprisonment or execution. 6744: 3314:

per 100,000 in Europe have fallen over the centuries, from 35 per 100,000 in medieval times, to 20 in 1500 AD, 5 in 1700, to below two per 100,000 in 1900.

6662: 4791: 5385:"Постановление Пленума Верховного Суда РФ от 27.01.1999 N 1 (ред. от 03.03.2015) "О судебной практике по делам об убийстве (ст. 105 УК РФ)" \ КонсультантПлюс" 7059: 7021: 6882: 5884: 4541: 4512: 7258: 5053: 7516: 6527: 3941: 7576: 4918: 2783:

after the attack. This reflects the likelihood that if the victim dies, other factors will have contributed to the cause of death, breaking the chain of

2352:) prohibits these types of killings (see Article 42 – Unacceptable justifications for crimes, including crimes committed in the name of so-called honor). 2158:) criminalizes premeditated murder, felony murder and second-degree murder committed under situations where federal jurisdiction applies. In Canada, the 6913: 3467:, which has resulted in reduced lethality of violent assaults – thus the murder rate may not necessarily indicate the overall level of social violence. 7165: 6716:

Harris, Anthony R.; Stephen H. Thomas; Gene A. Fisher; David J. Hirsch (May 2002). "Murder and medicine: the lethality of criminal assault 1960–1999".

6631: 3529:) tends to be relatively high for murder compared to other crimes, due to its seriousness. In the United States, the clearance rate was 62.6% in 2004. 2879:

Morall takes a biological view of offending when he insists the risk factors that may increase the chance that somebody will commit a murder include:

6601: 3369:, murder rates in most countries have declined significantly during the 20th century and are now between 1 and 4 cases per 100,000 people per year. 6939: 1955:

was considered murder. The requirement that the person killed be someone other than the perpetrator excluded suicide from the definition of murder.

5497: 3427:, Finland is the most famous unsolved homicide case in Finnish criminal history. The tent is investigated immediately after the murders in 1960. 5981: 5268: 4333: 4265: 3236: 2274:: some countries practice the death penalty. Capital punishment may be ordered by a legitimate court of law as the result of a conviction in a 7189: 5858: 5191: 5161: 6822: 5829: 4191: 2819: 7223: 4222: 8799: 6367: 5459: 4861: 7498: 5118: 5024:

by the demand of the public authority, but the prefect systematically use that procedure whenever a man is discharged due to his dementia.

4939:

The longstanding official deference to the viewpoint of police officers is enshrined in the laws of some states and Supreme Court rulings.

6785: 4397: 7083: 3333:. The rate has declined greatly: from 45/100,000 to a low of 0.6 in the 1950s. The last decades have seen the homicide rate rise slowly. 3290:

29 who were killed by other young people. Because murder is the least likely crime to go unreported, statistics of murder are seen as a

9115: 7686: 3993: 7720: 7331: 4819: 4750: 4641: 4570: 3473:

Development of murder rates over time in different countries is often used by both supporters and opponents of capital punishment and

3147:, the goddess of death and destruction. According to some estimates the Thuggees murdered 1 million people between 1740 and 1840. The 5792: 5761: 2799: 2787:; and also means that the responsible person does not have a charge of murder "hanging over their head indefinitely". Subject to any 7477: 6659: 2325:– killing of attacker by the potential victim or by witnesses to the scene; legal in parts of the US and in various other countries. 9188: 5384: 2261:

Suicide does not constitute murder in most societies. Assisting a suicide, however, may be considered murder in some circumstances.

7447: 7355: 10035: 8131: 7414: 5719: 4049: 3513:. Major factors affecting the arrest rate include witness cooperation and the number of people assigned to investigate the case. 3478: 2314:

Killing an intruder who is found by an owner to be in the owner's home (having entered unlawfully): legal in most US states (see

1997:

Reckless indifference to an unjustifiably high risk to human life (sometimes described as an "abandoned and malignant heart"), or

7555: 5531: 2200:

Some jurisdictions still take a common law view of murder. In such jurisdictions, what is considered to be murder is defined by

6691: 3876: 3810: 3490:, and on average, the influence of both these factors may not be significant and could be more social, economic, and cultural. 2726: 2296:

patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, in many jurisdictions it is seen as a special case (see the doctrine of

1066: 5926: 8192: 8156: 7653: 7286: 6969: 6556: 6485: 6458: 6351: 6282: 6200: 6173: 5729: 5685: 4855: 4720: 4600: 4302: 4080: 3338:(excluding Corsica) bottomed out after World War II at less than 0.4 per 100,000, quadrupling to 1.6 per 100,000 since then. 2084:

Some jurisdictions divide murder by degrees. The distinction between first- and second-degree murder exists, for example, in

5075:

Rattigan, Clíona (January 2008). "'Done to death by father or relatives': Irish families and infanticide cases, 1922–1950".

4676: 8126: 6997: 6321: 5934: 4962: 4706: 4472:"Ley Orgánica 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal" 4356: 2814:

held that retroactive application of a state supreme court decision abolishing the year-and-a-day rule did not violate the

7384: 5406: 4903: 1903:

This distinguishes murder from killings that are done within the boundaries of law, such as capital punishment, justified

8428: 5904: 3373:, the region with the highest murder rate in the world, experienced more than 2.5 million murders between 2000 and 2017. 2053:) into assassination is the desire to facilitate the commission of another crime or to prevent it from being discovered. 1877: 6844: 5649: 8161: 7614: 6751: 5675: 3968: 3844: 2811: 2802:. However, if death occurs three years or more after the original attack then prosecution can take place only with the 2433: 2356:

or pocket for license and registration, if the officer reasonably believes that the victim might be reaching for a gun.

2150: 1575: 8136: 7593: 7529: 6772: 6393: 5965: 4783: 4249: 3908: 2653:

Multiple murders committed within one criminal transaction or in different transactions as part of one broader scheme

5624: 2026:

must amount to a foreseen probability of death (or grievous bodily harm in most states), as opposed to possibility.

1731:"homicide, murder; murderer". There was a third word for "murder" in Proto-Germanic, continuing Proto-Indo-European 9865: 9787: 3622: 3362: 3343: 702: 466: 7052: 7028: 6874: 4110: 2692:, which occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their perceived membership in a certain social group. 8664: 8116: 7806: 7778: 4533: 4500: 3452: 3370: 2866:

The murderer seeks to kill a loathed person (such as an abusive parent) or members of a loathed group or culture.

2598: 2449: 2113: 7744: 7254: 6299: 5043: 3796:

This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See

3933: 3691: 2551: 2408: 2089: 938: 191: 3451:

males aged 15 to 34. Between 1976 and 2008, African Americans were victims of 329,825 homicides. In 2006, the

79: 8212: 7890: 6905: 6623: 4771: 3460: 3168: 1600: 948: 9860: 7158: 461: 9181: 8690: 8234: 8141: 8108: 7551: 3192: 2222:

Although laws vary by country, there are circumstances of exclusion that are common in many legal systems.

1688: 1615:. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful 1255: 1023: 932: 9983: 9968: 3470:

Workplace homicide, which tripled during the 1980s, is the fastest growing category of murder in America.

8146: 6597: 3486:

countries, although all those countries have abolished the death penalty. Overall, the global pattern is

2546:(also known as post-natal depression) is recognized in some countries as a mitigating factor in cases of 2383: 2070: 1307: 7631: 5323: 3671: 2791:, the accused could still be charged with an offense reflecting the seriousness of the initial assault. 9995: 9550: 9291: 5586: 5336: 3776: 1059: 622: 270: 5482: 1719:"secret or unlawful killing of a person, murder; mortal sin, crime; punishment, torment, misery"; and 10050: 8513: 8383: 5610: 3286: 2505: 2412: 2145: 2124:(except when the underlying felony is specifically listed in the definition of first-degree murder). 1815: 1664: 1376: 916: 64: 34: 30: 6935: 5850: 5276: 1671:. In most countries, a person convicted of murder generally receives a long-term prison sentence, a 5821: 5199: 5169: 4440: 4424: 3548: 2919: 2525: 2369:, a corporation, a non-human animal, or any other non-human organism such as a plant or bacterium. 1984: 1642: 1608: 963: 186: 6814: 6165: 5392: 3834: 2167:, the traditional strict distinction between premeditated intentional killing (classed as murder, 9665: 9174: 8991: 8986: 8914: 8836: 8121: 6119:[Correlation between homicide rates and economic indicators in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996]. 5451: 5147: 4457: 4444: 4428: 4216: 4174: 3751: 3661: 3560: 2555: 2448:, and excuse the person from the need to undergo the stress of a trial as to liability. Usually, 2035: 781: 57: 6371: 4875: 4843: 2988:. In the past, certain types of homicide were lawful and justified. Georg Oesterdiekhoff wrote: 10040: 9973: 9777: 9767: 9390: 9265: 9026: 8919: 8659: 8565: 8530: 8151: 7962: 7878: 5437: 5362: 5290: 5021: 4133: 3666: 3637: 3522: 3208: 2913: 2788: 2621:

is often punished more harshly. Depending on the jurisdiction, such circumstances may include:

2349: 2242: 2159: 1926: 1630: 1568: 1312: 1277: 953: 692: 682: 368: 217: 166: 119: 7513: 6524: 6448: 6190: 6055: 4813:"Assembly, No. 159, State of New Jersey, 213th Legislature, The "New Jersey Self Defense Law"" 4394: 3347: 1801:(attested up to the 19th century) springs directly from the Old English forms. Middle English 9762: 9525: 8909: 8831: 8644: 8540: 8476: 8441: 8079: 7885: 7853: 7573: 6475: 6094: 6086: 5888: 5749: 5349: 3756: 3746: 3716: 3602: 3456: 2997: 2722: 2543: 2453: 2376: 2238: 2117: 2085: 2046: 1704:, in fact, had two nouns derived from this word, later merging into the modern English noun: 1225: 1141: 1052: 973: 677: 597: 7682: 6412: 5569: 3990: 3241: 2834:

According to Peter Morrall, the motivations for murder fit into the following 4 categories:

9855: 9772: 9757: 9651: 9021: 8874: 8763: 8725: 8715: 8481: 7848: 7712: 6501: 6008: 5307: 4812: 4742: 4645: 4562: 4436: 4420: 3766: 3761: 3726: 3721: 3696: 3676: 3642: 3506: 3204: 3087: 2937: 2718: 2702: 2382:, expressly mentioned a fetus as being capable of being killed, and was interpreted by the 1991: 1371: 1190: 767: 687: 672: 456: 7772: 2948: 2069:"Murder in the second degree" and "Premeditated murder" redirect here. For the album, see 8: 9945: 9321: 9209: 9081: 8946: 8246: 7987: 7967: 7947: 7910: 7799: 7767: 7342: 7134:"Information on the death of the population of causes of death in the Russian Federation" 6895:

Table 1, Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1995–2014

5879: 3706: 3701: 3686: 3393: 3389: 3064: 3049: 2780: 2770: 2710: 2677:

Methods which are dangerous to the public e.g. explosion, arson, shooting in a crowd etc.

2590: 2472: 2415:

are examples of conditions that may be taken into account when assessing responsibility.

2404: 2379: 2341: 2252: 2076: 1963: 1656: 1638: 1634: 1612: 1339: 1126: 1104: 911: 299: 251: 181: 171: 7164:(in Spanish). Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos. p. 397. 6012: 3321: 3155:

would withdraw his support for them and destroy the world as they knew it. According to

3017:, although there might also be a form of payment that could be made instead—such as the 2399:

Some countries allow conditions that "affect the balance of the mind" to be regarded as

9870: 9850: 9815: 9805: 9423: 9404: 9336: 9245: 9127: 9031: 8971: 8931: 8879: 8811: 8783: 8695: 8649: 8241: 7873: 7843: 7439: 7359: 6579: 6243: 6218: 6071: 6031: 5996: 5975: 5891: 5237: 5100: 5048: 4327: 4259: 3957: 3771: 3731: 3711: 3681: 3632: 3617: 3581: 3420: 3203:

charged the defendant with murdering his own slave. In 1811, the wealthy white planter

2977: 2886:, the primary male sex hormone, is correlated with competitive and assertive behaviour. 2738: 2686:

Murder committed in order to obtain material gain, for example to obtain an inheritance

2577: 2428: 2271: 2206: 2141: 2038:

such as assault, otherwise all criminal homicides would be murder as all are felonies.

1868: 1676: 1660: 1356: 1322: 1317: 1282: 1230: 1220: 1146: 1015: 832: 822: 471: 451: 403: 384: 314: 211: 7406: 5523: 4041: 2112:

are also treated as first-degree murder. A few states in the U.S. further distinguish

10045: 9875: 9711: 9366: 9331: 8899: 8894: 8738: 8720: 8353: 8341: 7610: 7589: 7542: 7525: 7311: 6768: 6481: 6454: 6347: 6278: 6196: 6169: 6138: 6036: 5961: 5725: 5681: 5104: 5092: 4851: 4716: 4298: 4245: 3964: 3904: 3840: 3597: 2815: 2714: 2618: 2400: 2345: 2301: 2283: 2133: 1912: 1776: 1672: 1561: 1185: 1166: 1161: 994: 968: 853: 476: 344: 309: 87: 6715: 6683: 6656:

A History of Murder: Personal Violence in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present

6133: 6116: 5905:"Shooter acquitted of murder charge in 1966 shooting of Philadelphia police officer" 5793:"Will John Hinckley Jr. Face Murder Charges for the 'Delayed Death' of James Brady?" 4623: 3868: 2154: 9931: 9637: 9575: 9470: 9155: 9108: 9006: 8821: 8816: 8773: 8550: 8545: 8331: 8197: 8187: 8089: 8074: 8059: 8010: 7863: 7762: 6725: 6235: 6231: 6161: 6128: 6067: 6026: 6016: 5229: 5084: 3543: 3448: 3053: 3033: 3022: 2839: 2803: 2663: 2484: 2424: 2058: 1835:

are generally careful not to identify a suspect as a murderer until the suspect is

1668: 1592: 1539: 1524: 1351: 1136: 1131: 1116: 943: 901: 896: 753: 647: 542: 237: 7657: 7279: 7084:"Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1991–2010" 6961: 6546: 6115:

Barata, Rita Barradas; Ribeiro, Manoel Carlos Sampaio de Almeida (February 2000).

5005:"Code de la Santé Publique Chapitre III: Hospitalisation d'office Article L3213-1" 4592: 4072: 4015: 10030: 10025: 9905: 9831: 9505: 9411: 9311: 9240: 9096: 9061: 9011: 8966: 8941: 8580: 8451: 8310: 8182: 8177: 8094: 8044: 8037: 8025: 7935: 7749: 7585: 7580: 7520: 7338: 6666: 6531: 6021: 5702: 5255: 5088: 4966: 4401: 4348: 4290: 3997: 3898: 3741: 3176: 3164: 3152: 2784: 2757: 2597:

used this defense to obtain a manslaughter conviction, instead of murder, in the

2315: 1783: 1287: 1178: 1173: 887: 577: 506: 432: 391: 289: 227: 157: 142: 6990: 6729: 6317: 4959: 3858:("The unlawful killing of another human being without justification or excuse.") 2943:

Several studies have shown that there is a correlation between murder rates and

2697: 2683:

Murder committed in order to conceal another crime or facilitate its commission.

9915: 9910: 9880: 9702: 9396: 9250: 9145: 8869: 8700: 8461: 8396: 8229: 8207: 8084: 8032: 7792: 7380: 6239: 6098: 6056:"Poverty, Inequality, and City Homicide Rates. Some Not So Unexpected Findings" 4876:"Introduction - Preliminary Examination of so-called honour killings in canada" 4850:. University of Minnesota: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 2015. 4415: 3647: 3587: 3526: 3483: 3436: 3351: 3311: 3132: 3120: 3057: 2669: 2642: 2602: 2496: 2322: 2293: 2292:, doctor-assisted suicide: the administration of lethal drugs by a doctor to a 2275: 2093: 1936: 1762: 1701: 1604: 1272: 1267: 1245: 999: 957: 516: 511: 481: 374: 8602: 7027:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal. p. 20. Archived from 6216:

Shah, Sayed Sikandar (January 1999). "Homicide in Islam: Major Legal Themes".

6117:"Relação entre homicídios e indicadores econômicos em São Paulo, Brasil, 1996" 3093:"Do not take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right." 1648:, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated 10019: 9647: 9545: 9351: 9301: 8904: 8889: 8846: 8804: 8758: 8592: 8570: 8446: 8413: 8305: 8280: 5096: 3577: 3573: 3502: 3366: 3067: 3060: 3037: 2964: 2903: 2631: 2441: 2337: 2297: 2121: 2109: 2101: 2018: 2005: 1916: 1497: 1250: 1215: 1210: 1156: 1111: 763: 617: 329: 279: 71: 3032:

One of the oldest-known prohibitions against murder appears in the Sumerian

2328:

In some countries, the killing for what are considered reasons connected to

9955: 9890: 9495: 9386: 9371: 9120: 9001: 8884: 8768: 8685: 8609: 8597: 8456: 8363: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8218: 8069: 8049: 7992: 7977: 7868: 6142: 6040: 3836:

West's Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 7 (Legal Representation to Oyez)

3797: 3592: 3487: 2925: 2907: 2883: 2636: 2573: 2476: 2388: 2329: 1973: 1904: 1852: 1624: 1620: 1392: 1298: 1262: 1240: 1121: 1004: 567: 491: 364: 349: 261: 112: 9978: 2844:

The murderer seeks to kill rivals to obtain objects of their sexual desire

9659: 9655: 9565: 9316: 9230: 9076: 9071: 9041: 8996: 8976: 8961: 8956: 8936: 8853: 8778: 8748: 8705: 8535: 8418: 8054: 8020: 7952: 7930: 7925: 7915: 7763:

Introduction and Updated Information on the Seville Statement on Violence

6670: 4919:"Is a Police Shooting a Crime? It Depends on the Officer's Point of View" 3612: 3607: 3474: 3464: 3439:. More than 800,000 people were murdered in Brazil between 1980 and 2004. 3330: 3196: 3156: 3112: 3040:. The code states, "If a man commits a murder, that man must be killed." 3002: 2993: 2689: 2606: 2547: 2279: 2232: 2193: 2164: 2049:, in force since July 1, 2015, another circumstance that turns homicide ( 1872: 1832: 1713: 1544: 1482: 1425: 1420: 1205: 1195: 1019: 775: 771: 637: 294: 223: 147: 7312:"The Lake Bodom Murders: Finland's Most Famous Unsolved Triple Homicide" 3207:

was hanged for murdering several of his slaves on his plantation in the

2558:; the new act was intended "to eliminate all the terrible ritual of the 10009: 9950: 9736: 9617: 9612: 9490: 9376: 9356: 9346: 9326: 9280: 9255: 9225: 9046: 9016: 8981: 8951: 8924: 8826: 8654: 8614: 8466: 8423: 8401: 8368: 8064: 7982: 7940: 7920: 7830: 6745:"American Homicide Supplemental Volume (AHSV), European Homicides (EH)" 6247: 5997:"Is poverty the mother of crime? Evidence from homicide rates in China" 5241: 4102: 3627: 3553: 3510: 3291: 3014: 3006: 2897: 2854: 2848: 2779:

accused of murder is not guilty if the victim survives for longer than

2749: 2648: 2372: 2308: 2289: 2248:

Unlawful killings without malice or intent are considered manslaughter.

2184: 1882: 1828: 1769: 1502: 1442: 1437: 1402: 1397: 1361: 1040: 926: 878: 733: 728: 562: 354: 334: 324: 304: 256: 176: 129: 3013:

In many such societies the redress was not via a legal system, but by

9920: 9900: 9885: 9820: 9726: 9721: 9690: 9680: 9642: 9580: 9560: 9500: 9475: 9091: 9086: 9051: 8841: 8733: 8518: 8471: 8408: 8373: 8348: 8224: 7905: 7900: 7332:

BRAZIL: Youth Still in Trouble, Despite Plethora of Social Programmes

3494: 3385: 3326: 3083: 2929: 2890: 2798:

In England and Wales, the "year-and-a-day rule" was abolished by the

2776: 2594: 2559: 2462: 2437: 2245:. In the case of self-defense, it is called a "justifiable homicide". 2228: 2201: 2127:

Some jurisdictions also distinguish premeditated murder. This is the

2105: 1908: 1836: 1549: 1512: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1432: 1407: 1366: 1235: 1151: 868: 863: 837: 806: 796: 758: 652: 632: 572: 547: 521: 501: 486: 10004: 9274: 8669: 7460:

Chapter 6, Responding to Workplace Violence and Staff Victimization.

7255:"Police-reported crime for selected offences, Canada, 2009 and 2010" 5233: 4743:"Man Kills Suspected Intruders While Protecting Neighbor's Property" 3415: 3365:

vary greatly among countries and societies around the world. In the

2656:

Murder of a police officer, judge, firefighter or witness to a crime

9840: 9810: 9731: 9675: 9627: 9602: 9584: 9520: 9485: 9456: 9438: 9433: 9416: 9381: 9361: 9066: 9036: 8587: 8575: 8508: 8336: 8005: 7972: 7858: 7838: 6551: 6156:

Schimmel, Solomon (2008). "Envy in Jewish Thought and Literature".

3018: 2985: 2870: 2744: 2589:

In jurisdictions using the Uniform Penal Code, such as California,

2445: 1856: 1844: 1649: 1616: 1529: 1519: 1507: 1492: 1466: 1415: 1200: 1087: 989: 921: 873: 827: 791: 743: 718: 656: 592: 557: 441: 418: 413: 396: 359: 339: 136: 4890:""Honour" Killings in Yemen: Tribal Tradition and the Law - Daraj" 2709:

In the United States and Canada, these murders are referred to as

9940: 9782: 9748: 9716: 9685: 9632: 9607: 9555: 9535: 9530: 9510: 9480: 9443: 9428: 9341: 9306: 9166: 9103: 8743: 8710: 8555: 8503: 8264: 8202: 8015: 7895: 5762:"Criminal lawyers back review of time limit for homicide charges" 4997: 3302: 3220: 3172: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3119:

Shi'ite sect, active from the 8th to 14th centuries. This mystic

3116: 3026: 2944: 2366: 2209:

their criminal law and now have statutory definitions of murder.

1979:

The four states of mind recognised as constituting "malice" are:

1952: 1534: 1487: 906: 858: 801: 748: 723: 697: 627: 607: 602: 582: 552: 423: 408: 319: 284: 246: 104: 4889: 3376: 3070:, which are part of the scripture for both Jews and Christians. 9845: 9670: 9540: 9235: 9056: 8523: 8391: 8315: 7957: 6227: 3934:"China and US among top punishers but death penalty in decline" 3498: 3350:

during childhood (due to the use of leaded paint in houses and

2969: 2861: 2137: 2001: 1848: 786: 612: 446: 207: 4665:

A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage By Bryan A. Garner, p. 545.

3396:, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Zambia. (UNODC, 2011 – 2674:

Murder committed by an offender previously convicted of murder

9570: 9515: 9465: 9198: 8639: 8619: 8560: 8358: 7815: 7111:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 3431: 3424: 3180: 3151:

believed that without regular offerings of blood the sun god

3148: 3079: 2972:

strangling a traveller on a highway in the early 19th century

2951:

in Brazil with lower income also had higher rates of murder.

2857:" a loved one with a major deformity or an incurable illness. 2333: 2128: 1736: 1596: 642: 587: 537: 7440:"Promising Victim-Related Practices in Probation and Parole" 4227:

Book the Fourth – Chapter the Fourteenth : Of Homicide.

2922:

circulating in the body are linked to heightened aggression.

9895: 9622: 7195:(in Spanish). La Prensa Grafica de El Salvador. p. 1. 6767:"Freakonomics", Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner, 2005, 4622:

Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.

3224: 3144: 2981: 1708:"death, killing, murder" (directly from Proto-Indo-European 1009: 738: 496: 7540: 3463:. Murder demographics are affected by the improvement of 2171:) and non-premeditated intentional killing (manslaughter, 7053:"Murder in RSA for April to March 2003/2004 to 2010/2011" 6815:"Violent crime has undermined democracy in Latin America" 5995:

Dong, Baomin; Egger, Peter H.; Guo, Yibei (18 May 2020).

3329:

since 1400 AD. The murder rate was very high in the

2100:

deliberation. In some, murders committed by acts such as

1346: 7784: 7229:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. p. 95. 6087:"Psychosocial causes of the crime of murder in Pakistan" 5220:

Michaels, Alan C. (1985). "Defining Unintended Murder".

4192:"Is killing a pregnant woman a case of double homicide?" 3384:

Murder rates in jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore,

3354:

as a gasoline additive in internal combustion engines).

2332:, usually involving killing due to sexual, religious or 2321:

Killing to prevent specific forms of aggravated rape or

2057:

The jury might sympathize with the defendant (e.g. in a

1893:

At common law, murder was normally punishable by death.

5326:

Mandatory life sentences for murder of police officers.

4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 3306:

Intentional homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2009

3245:

International murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2011

1827:

In many countries, out of concern for being accused of

1623:. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of 5650:"Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge, § 227 StGB - Exkurs" 5625:"Art. 584 codice penale - Omicidio preterintenzionale" 5313: 5153: 2191:. According to common law, murder is considered to be 1885:

definition of murder, which by this definition occurs

1789:), though the same sound development can be seen with 9993: 5674:

Reimann, Mathias; Zimmermann, Reinhard (2019-03-26).

5302: 5300: 5119:"Infanticide Bill, 1949—Second and Subsequent Stages" 3090:

is to kill a human being who has committed no fault.

2017:

applies. Thus, if the defendant intentionally uses a

9270: 4272: 3447:

In the US, murder is the leading cause of death for

2893:

increases likelihood of impulsive hostile behaviour.

51:

Unlawful killing of a human with malice aforethought

7524:". Bonnie S. Fisher, Steven P. Lab (2010). p. 706. 7285:. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. p. 98. 3903:(5 ed.). Random House Publishing Group. 2012. 3191:Southern slave codes did make willful killing of a 2947:. A 2000 study showed that regions of the state of 1687:The modern English word "murder" descends from the 7651: 6845:"Latin America Is the Murder Capital of the World" 5297: 4784:"Texas man acquitted of killing Craigslist escort" 3956: 70:"Double murder" redirects here. For the film, see 7434: 7432: 6660:"Rap Sheet Why is American history so murderous?" 6525:Wanderings in Corsica: Its History and Its Heroes 5907:. PA Media Group. Associated Press. 24 May 2010. 5673: 5189: 5159: 4960:7 Cal. 4th 797, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 50, 872 P.2d 591 4674: 2932:can provoke aggressive behaviour and even murder. 2662:Crime committed for pay or other reward, such as 2436:may apply to a wide range of disorders including 2120:, whereas Florida defines third-degree murder as 1847:consider abortion a form of murder, treating the 10017: 7745:Lord Mustill on the Common Law concerning murder 7544:Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics Online 7514:Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention 6711: 6709: 5192:"Section II – Involuntary Offences Against Life" 4916: 4218:Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 2465:had a serious mental illness, disease, or defect 2265: 7413:. U.S. Department of Justice. 2 December 2016. 6650: 6648: 5920: 5918: 5438:"2006 Utah Code - 76-5-202 — Aggravated murder" 4621: 4431:; but the common law has been modified in NSW: 4317: 3139:elite for political and religious reasons. The 2875:The murderer seeks some form of financial gain. 63:"Murderer" redirects here. For other uses, see 7683:"Why Fewer Murder Cases Get Solved These Days" 7476:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Archived from 7429: 6188: 6110: 6108: 5183: 4668: 4014:Nielson, William A.; Patch, Howard R. (1921). 3576:, the murder of a prominent person, such as a 3237:List of countries by intentional homicide rate 2344:(the first legally binding convention against 2282:for a serious crime. All member states of the 9182: 7800: 6996:. National Crime Records Bureau. p. 24. 6906:"Crime Rates for Selected Large Cities, 2005" 6742: 6706: 6453:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 172. 6114: 6085:Suhail, Kausar; Javed, Fareha (Winter 2004). 5399: 5020:, note: this text refers to the procedure of 3195:illegal in most cases. For example, the 1860 2013:Under state of mind (i), intent to kill, the 1851:as a person. In some countries, a fetus is a 1569: 1060: 6645: 5994: 5915: 5444: 5068: 4712:, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 175–177 4501:"The Impulsive Murder and the Degree Device" 4391:Introduction to the Law of the United States 4042:"Falsely Accused Suspect Pursues Libel Case" 4013: 3214: 2612: 2286:are prohibited from using the death penalty. 1775:, itself derived from the Germanic noun via 7706: 7704: 6598:"WHO: 1.6 million die in violence annually" 6195:. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 169–170. 6105: 6084: 5524:"Serving Life for Providing Car to Killers" 4320:Glanville Williams Textbook of Criminal Law 3163:, "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were 3043: 2820:Article I of the United States Constitution 2394: 1694:which meant "killing", a noun derived from 15: 9189: 9175: 7807: 7793: 7676: 7674: 7632:"What is Workplace Violence? - TAL Global" 6341: 6263:– McCarthy, Kevin M.. Volume 48, pp. 77–83 6091:Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 5980:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5960:. London, United Kingdom. pp. 62–65. 5483:"Two Economic Rationals for Felony Murder" 4407: 4332:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4264:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4214: 2581:killing was intentional or unintentional. 1576: 1562: 1067: 1053: 16: 7829: 7541:Ann L. Pastore; Kathleen Maguire (eds.). 7218: 7216: 6959: 6166:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327953.003.0002 6132: 6030: 6020: 5955: 5587:"Article 222-7 - Code pénal - Légifrance" 4904:"Full list - Treaty Office - www.coe.int" 4150: 4073:"Getting a hand up on court, crime terms" 2980:, the first ever murder was committed by 2800:Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996 2311:who attempted to run away with his money. 2092:. Some US states maintain the offense of 1935:Killing can be committed by an act or an 1746:"death, killing, murder" and Old English 7701: 7607:Workplace Wellness: Issues and Responses 7604: 6936:"Óbitos por Causas Externas 1996 a 2010" 6577: 6155: 5927:"Murder and society: why commit murder?" 5219: 5074: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4910: 4704: 4289: 4235: 4233: 4175:"UNBORN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE ACT OF 2004" 3430: 3414: 3375: 3320: 3310:According to scholar Pieter Spierenburg 3301: 3240: 2963: 2538: 2471: 1911:by lawful combatants as well as causing 1859:person is considered a double homicide. 78: 24:This is an accepted version of this page 7710: 7671: 7629: 6786:"Lead: America's Real Criminal Element" 6559:from the original on September 18, 2017 6544: 6535:". Ferdinand Gregorovius (1855). p.196. 6450:Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860 6318:"Thuggee (Thagi) (13th C. to ca. 1838)" 6272: 5924: 5911:from the original on 10 September 2017. 5843: 5790: 5700: 4710:Voluntary Euthanasia and the Common Law 4698: 4498: 4244:(Fifth ed.). London. p. 804. 4153:"Crossfire: Abortion should be illegal" 4039: 3891: 3861: 3809:For example, in the United States, the 3297: 3143:cult that plagued India was devoted to 3102: 3036:written sometime between 2100 and 2050 2829: 1896:The elements of common law murder are: 1750:"death, crime, murder" (compare German 14: 10018: 7723:from the original on 10 September 2017 7689:from the original on 10 September 2017 7471:"Homicide trends in the United States" 7450:from the original on 10 September 2017 7309: 7213: 6694:from the original on 10 September 2017 6624:"Killing in L.A. drops to 1967 levels" 6446: 6410: 6396:[Sacrifice and flowery wars]. 6394:"El sacrificio y las guerras floridas" 6391: 6297: 6053: 5814: 5717: 5677:The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law 5521: 5462:from the original on 25 September 2015 5427:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"k" 5374:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"e" 4825:from the original on September 2, 2012 4603:from the original on 10 September 2017 4573:from the original on 10 September 2017 4318:Dennis J. Baker (2012). "Chapter 11". 4070: 3811:Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004 2954: 2764: 2584: 1867:The eighteenth-century English jurist 9170: 8157:List of ways people dishonor the dead 7788: 7680: 6885:from the original on 2 September 2017 6621: 6192:The Steps of Man Towards Civilization 6121:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 5480: 4944: 4239: 4230: 4163:from the original on 6 November 2019. 3954: 3025:could be paid to the victim's family 2900:appears to affect mood and behaviour. 2732: 7752:Co. Inst., Pt. III, ch.7, p. 50 7656:. Disastercenter.com. Archived from 7574:Race and crime: a biosocial analysis 7497:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 7407:"Fact Sheet: Violence Against Women" 7387:from the original on 20 January 2012 7356:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Homicide" 6916:from the original on 23 October 2017 6783: 6473: 6215: 6054:Bailey, William C. (November 1984). 5935:Centre for Crime and Justice Studies 5748:, 2003 WI 42, 261 Wis. 2d 249 (2003) 5503:from the original on 21 October 2016 4805: 4794:from the original on 18 October 2014 4359:from the original on 2 February 2017 4167: 4134:"An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong" 4020:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co 3931: 3493:Despite the immense improvements in 3380:UNODC: Per 100,000 population (2011) 2959: 2775:In some common law jurisdictions, a 2479:holding a shotgun during his rampage 1723:"murderer; homicide" (from the verb 1611:as defined by the law in a specific 7779:Cezanne's depiction of "The Murder" 7713:"Why fewer murder cases get solved" 7711:Whitley, Brian (24 December 2008). 7550:(31st ed.). Albany, New York: 7381:"What Motivates Some Women to Kill" 7086:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6684:"US murder rate by year, 1900–2010" 6578:Albrecht, Harro (7 February 2013). 6370:. Cdis.missouri.edu. Archived from 5803:from the original on March 10, 2015 5772:from the original on 14 August 2017 4929:from the original on August 1, 2016 4346: 4221:. Avalon Project, Yale Law School. 4151:Stoltzfus, Abby (6 November 2019). 4131: 3879:from the original on 2 October 2017 3357: 3167:in the 1487 re-consecration of the 2387:And secondly, as stated by Justice 1878:Commentaries on the Laws of England 1855:who can be murdered, and killing a 48: 9196: 8162:List of ways people honor the dead 7775:– U.S. Centers for Disease Control 7495:"Homicide Victims by Race and Sex" 7417:from the original on 1 August 2017 7159:"Derecho a la seguridad ciudadana" 6545:Holguin, Jaime (October 3, 2002). 6072:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00314.x 5791:Wofford, Taylor (August 9, 2014). 5751:(search for "year-and-a-day rule") 5724:(in French). Editis - Interforum. 5044:"Infanticide Act, 1949, Section 1" 4990:N.Y. Penal Law, § 40.15, found at 4917:Joseph Goldstein (July 28, 2016). 4083:from the original on June 24, 2016 4052:from the original on 4 August 2019 3654: 2812:Supreme Court of the United States 2752:shows it can be used very widely. 2668:Exceptional brutality or cruelty, 1932:■ through criminal act or omission 1822: 49: 10062: 8193:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality 7756: 7652:Christopher Effgen (2001-09-11). 7358:. Users.erols.com. Archived from 6962:"UN highlights Brazil gun crisis" 6875:"2014 Crime in the United States" 6855:from the original on 22 July 2019 6825:from the original on 22 July 2019 4593:"Title 18 USC, Sec. 1111, Murder" 4113:from the original on June 3, 2016 3566: 2916:can lead to reduced self control. 2183:According to Blackstone, English 1727:"to murder"), giving Old English 10003: 9788:Perverting the course of justice 9273: 9264: 9212:. Not all types are listed here. 9150: 9141: 9140: 7773:Atlas of United States Mortality 7645: 7623: 7609:. Brown Bear Press. p. 19. 7598: 7565: 7561:from the original on 2010-05-30. 7534: 7505: 7487: 7463: 7411:Office on Violence Against Women 7399: 7373: 7348: 7324: 7303: 7272: 7247: 7182: 7151: 7126: 7101: 7076: 7058:. South African Police Service. 7045: 7014: 6983: 6953: 6928: 6898: 6867: 6837: 6807: 6777: 6761: 6736: 6676: 6615: 6590: 6571: 6538: 6516: 6494: 6467: 6440: 6427: 6404: 6385: 6360: 6335: 6310: 6291: 6266: 5945:from the original on 2020-07-24. 5534:from the original on 2017-09-29. 5417:from the original on 2014-10-17. 5129:from the original on 1 July 2016 5056:from the original on 1 June 2016 4864:from the original on 2018-01-30. 4642:"Blackstone, Book 4, Chapter 14" 4534:"Minnesota Second-Degree Murder" 4389:Wise, Edward. "Criminal Law" in 4225:from the original on 2011-08-10. 3944:from the original on 2017-02-17. 3900:The American Heritage Dictionary 3623:Murder conviction without a body 3537: 3516: 3410: 3325:The historical homicide rate in 3179:with their sword at anyone of a 2984:against his brother Abel out of 2566: 703:Perverting the course of justice 103: 9526:Intellectual property violation 9151: 7738: 7292:from the original on 2012-06-11 7280:"State of Human Rights in 2010" 7261:from the original on 2012-07-23 7236:from the original on 2012-01-31 7202:from the original on 2011-10-18 7171:from the original on 2012-06-08 7140:from the original on 2013-01-17 7115:from the original on 2011-10-28 7090:from the original on 2012-05-12 7065:from the original on 2012-04-02 7003:from the original on 2012-05-13 6972:from the original on 2010-03-27 6960:Kingstone, Steve (2005-06-27). 6942:from the original on 2013-01-15 6879:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6796:from the original on 2017-08-11 6658:, Polity, 2008. Referred to in 6634:from the original on 2011-01-19 6604:from the original on 2010-06-11 6600:. Online.sfsu.edu. 2002-10-04. 6413:"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice" 6346:. Pearson Longman. p. 82. 6324:from the original on 2013-04-14 6254: 6209: 6182: 6149: 6134:10.1590/s1020-49892000000200008 6078: 6047: 5988: 5949: 5897: 5872: 5861:from the original on 2015-09-04 5832:from the original on 2015-09-04 5784: 5754: 5738: 5711: 5694: 5667: 5642: 5617: 5603: 5579: 5562: 5538: 5515: 5474: 5430: 5421: 5377: 5368: 5355: 5342: 5329: 5283: 5261: 5248: 5213: 5141: 5111: 5036: 5027: 5011:from the original on 2008-10-21 5007:(in French). Legifrance. 2002. 4984: 4972: 4896: 4882: 4868: 4836: 4776: 4764: 4753:from the original on 2014-10-18 4735: 4687:from the original on 2008-04-08 4659: 4634: 4615: 4585: 4555: 4544:from the original on 2018-03-14 4526: 4515:from the original on 2018-03-13 4492: 4482: 4464: 4450: 4383: 4371: 4353:Philosophy 4826, Life and Death 4340: 4311: 4208: 4184: 4144: 4125: 4095: 4064: 4040:Goodman, Brenda (27 May 2006). 3803: 3453:Federal Bureau of Investigation 3371:Latin America and the Caribbean 2992:Evans-Pritchard says about the 2593:may be a defense. For example, 1766:mordre, mourdre, murder, murdre 598:Intellectual property violation 10036:Common law offences in Ireland 7446:. U.S. Department of Justice. 6743:Randolph Roth (October 2009). 6411:Harner, Michael (April 1977). 6392:Hassig, Ross (13 March 2017). 6298:Rushby, Kevin (11 June 2005). 6189:Oesterdiekhoff, Georg (2011). 5291:"Section 630:1 Capital Murder" 5125:. 7 July 1949. Vol.36 c.1472. 4032: 4007: 3984: 3963:. Cambridge University Press. 3948: 3925: 3827: 3790: 3183:who compromised their honour. 2552:law of the Republic of Ireland 2409:post-traumatic stress disorder 2251:In many common law countries, 1925:At common law life ended with 1768:could have been influenced by 13: 1: 8213:Maternal mortality in fiction 7190:"Homicidios en Centroamérica" 6275:The Secret Societies Handbook 5826:, 646 N.E.2d 582 (Ill. 1995)" 4772:Joe Horn shooting controversy 4355:. University of St. Andrews. 4071:Fisher, Doug (July 1, 2003). 3821: 3479:moratorium on death sentences 3169:Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan 2266:Specific to certain countries 2212: 2178: 2000:Intent to commit a dangerous 1862: 1607:committed with the necessary 91: 8127:Expressions related to death 8080:Medical declaration of death 7781:– National Museums Liverpool 7681:Beale, Lewis (20 May 2009). 7605:Csiernik, Rick, ed. (2014). 7552:Bureau of Justice Statistics 7310:Serena, Katie (2019-01-09). 7109:"Estadísticas de Mortalidad" 6673:New Yorker, November 9, 2009 6022:10.1371/journal.pone.0233034 5198:. Legifrance. Archived from 5168:. Legifrance. Archived from 5089:10.1016/j.hisfam.2008.09.003 4215:Blackstone, William (1765). 3230: 2910:can both lead to aggression. 2680:Murder for a political cause 2140:, or in some countries, the 1682: 1633:brought about by reasonable 933:Ignorantia juris non excusat 7: 8147:Preventable causes of death 7444:Office for Victims of Crime 7383:. ABC News. 13 April 2009. 6730:10.1177/1088767902006002003 6300:"Review: Thug by Mike Dash" 5855:, 836 P.2d 102 (N.M. 1992)" 5718:Pradel, Jean (2016-09-14). 5680:. Oxford University Press. 5522:Liptak, Adam (2007-12-04). 5413:. Parole Board of Ireland. 4705:Otlowski, Margaret (1997). 4597:Legal Information Institute 4349:"Killing & Letting Die" 4103:"Charges & Allegations" 4004:, accessed on 17 July 2020. 4002:Online Etymology Dictionary 3532: 3444:of death in the workplace. 3073: 3029:of their right of revenge. 2725:always carries a mandatory 2524:Penal Code §122-1 found at 2418: 2384:Supreme Court of California 2136:without the possibility of 2072:Murder in the Second Degree 1805:is a verb from Anglo-Saxon 10: 10067: 9551:Possessing stolen property 7654:"Disaster Center web site" 7630:thejtal (September 2021). 7224:"Global Study on Homicide" 6938:(in Portuguese). DATASUS. 6784:Drum, Kevin (2016-02-11). 6622:Rubin, Joel (2010-12-26). 6582:[What we die of]. 6447:Morris, Thomas D. (1996). 6368:"Science and Anthropology" 6342:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 6240:10.1163/026805599125826381 5721:Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd 5481:Sidak, J. Gregory (2015). 5452:"Classification of murder" 5411:Citizens Information Board 5337:Murder (United States law) 4644:. Yale.edu. Archived from 4295:Understanding Criminal Law 3234: 3186: 3050:prohibition against murder 2768: 2736: 2659:Murder of a pregnant woman 2422: 2217: 2068: 2064: 1958:■ with malice aforethought 1907:, or the killing of enemy 623:Possessing stolen property 271:Offense against the person 69: 62: 55: 9965: 9930: 9830: 9797: 9746: 9700: 9594: 9454: 9290: 9262: 9218: 9205: 9136: 8862: 8792: 8678: 8632: 8514:Consciousness after death 8494: 8437: 8382: 8324: 8273: 8262: 8255: 8170: 8107: 8001: 7822: 7814: 7717:Christian Science Monitor 7584:". Anthony Walsh (2004). 6912:. Sandbox Networks, Inc. 6480:. Routledge. p. 79. 6273:Bradley, Michael (2005). 5956:Petherick, Wayne (2018). 5701:Cadoppi, Alberto (1992). 5407:"Parole Board of Ireland" 5077:The History of the Family 4683:(in French). Legifrance. 4427:464 (26 March 1985), 4393:(Clark and Ansay, eds.), 4240:Baker, Dennis J. (2021). 3932:Tran, Mark (2011-03-28). 3459:(UCR) includes non-black 3435:The scene of a murder in 3287:World Health Organization 3215:Honor killings in Corsica 3056:given by God to Moses in 2619:aggravating circumstances 2613:Aggravating circumstances 2360: 2041:In Spanish criminal law, 1816:Oxford English Dictionary 1742:), giving Proto-Germanic 1629:, such as in the case of 917:Diminished responsibility 711:Crimes against the public 65:Murderer (disambiguation) 9650:(such as prohibition of 8915:Personification of death 8137:People by cause of death 5458:. Government of Canada. 4624:"Wetboek van Strafrecht" 4443:378 (25 June 1991), 4242:Treatise of criminal law 3955:Bynon, Theodora (1977). 3783: 3549:List of types of killing 3294:of overall crime rates. 3044:Judaism and Christianity 2920:Environmental pollutants 2647:Murder committed during 2641:Murder committed during 2401:mitigating circumstances 2395:Mitigating circumstances 846:Crimes against the state 766:(such as prohibition of 31:latest accepted revision 8992:Death-positive movement 8837:Post-mortem photography 8117:Causes of death by rate 8045:Death by natural causes 6849:The Wall Street Journal 6277:. Cassell Illustrated. 5925:Morrall, Peter (2007). 5190:The French Parliament. 5160:The French Parliament. 5148:Criminal Code of Russia 4994:, retrieved 2014-04-10. 4675:The French Parliament. 4499:Brenner, Frank (1953). 4297:(3rd ed.). Lexis. 4077:Common Sense Journalism 4017:Selections from Chaucer 3561:List of unsolved deaths 3523:criminal investigations 2853:The murderer seeks to " 2187:identified murder as a 2036:lesser included offense 1813:, or, according to the 1393:Avunculicide/Nepoticide 530:Crimes against property 220:(also called violation) 58:Murder (disambiguation) 9768:Miscarriage of justice 9027:Fascination with death 8665:Reincarnation research 8660:Out-of-body experience 8122:Notable deaths by year 7963:Immunogenic cell death 7879:Temporal lobe necrosis 6688:Democratic Underground 5591:www.legifrance.gouv.fr 5363:Murder (Brazilian law) 5123:Seanad Éireann debates 5022:involuntary commitment 4992:N.Y. Assembly web site 4599:. Cornell Law School. 3959:Historical Linguistics 3638:Soldiers are murderers 3440: 3428: 3381: 3334: 3307: 3282: 3123:killed members of the 3011: 2973: 2914:Consumption of alcohol 2789:statute of limitations 2617:Murder with specified 2532: 2502: 2480: 2350:violence against women 2243:imperfect self-defense 1927:cardiopulmonary arrest 1891: 1631:voluntary manslaughter 1313:Voluntary manslaughter 1278:Vehicle-ramming attack 982:Other common-law areas 815:Crimes against animals 683:Miscarriage of justice 665:Crimes against justice 97: 9763:Malfeasance in office 9208:Note: Crimes vary by 8832:Post-mortem chemistry 8645:Near-death experience 8541:Desecration of graves 8477:Postmortem caloricity 8442:Beating heart cadaver 7886:Programmed cell death 7854:Liquefactive necrosis 7768:The Seville Statement 7257:. Statistics Canada. 6991:"Crime in India 2010" 6851:. 20 September 2018. 6654:Spierenburg, Pieter, 6504:. Library of Congress 6477:People Without Rights 6474:Fede, Andrew (2012). 5570:"La praeterintention" 5350:Murder (Romanian law) 4437:[1991] HCA 27 4421:[1985] HCA 22 3603:Depraved-heart murder 3457:Uniform Crime Reports 3434: 3418: 3379: 3324: 3305: 3244: 3005:cultures such as the 2990: 2967: 2938:personality disorders 2928:from eating too much 2544:Postpartum depression 2539:Postpartum depression 2510: 2489: 2475: 2454:personality disorders 2118:depraved-heart murder 2047:Spanish Criminal Code 1951:In early common law, 1887: 1331:Non-criminal homicide 1226:Murder for body parts 1142:Depraved-heart murder 888:Defenses to liability 678:Malfeasance in office 82: 9856:Cybersex trafficking 9618:Censorship violation 9022:Festival of the Dead 8920:Dying-and-rising god 8875:Chinese burial money 8764:Prohibition of dying 8716:Death-qualified jury 8482:Post-mortem interval 8142:Premature obituaries 7849:Coagulative necrosis 6690:. 16 December 2012. 6398:Arqueología Mexicana 5768:. 25 February 2017. 5456:Justice Laws Website 5395:on October 18, 2015. 5308:Murder (English law) 4878:. 24 September 2013. 4458:"Noticias Jurídicas" 4347:Ashford, Elizabeth. 3839:. West Group. 1997. 3643:Stigmatized property 3521:The success rate of 3298:Historical variation 3103:Historical attitudes 2898:breakdown of glucose 2830:Contributing factors 2781:one year and one day 2719:English criminal law 2302:Dr John Bodkin Adams 2075:. For the film, see 1992:grievous bodily harm 1809:from Proto-Germanic 1372:Justifiable homicide 1191:Lonely hearts killer 734:Censorship violation 457:Cybersex trafficking 56:For other uses, see 9648:Illegal consumption 9322:Criminal negligence 9082:Philosophy of death 8947:Death from laughter 8247:Perinatal mortality 7988:Mitotic catastrophe 7968:Ischemic cell death 7911:Intrinsic apoptosis 7859:Gangrenous necrosis 7685:. PacificStandard. 6580:"Woran wir sterben" 6547:"A Murder A Minute" 6344:Genocide: A History 6320:. Users.erols.com. 6013:2020PLoSO..1533034D 5880:Rogers v. Tennessee 5707:(in Italian). Utet. 5222:Columbia Law Review 5196:French Criminal Law 5166:French Criminal Law 4892:. 19 December 2019. 4715:. Clarendon Press. 4708:Margaret Otlowski, 4681:French Criminal Law 3394:U.S. Virgin Islands 3390:developed countries 2978:Abrahamic religions 2955:Religious attitudes 2771:Year and a day rule 2765:Year-and-a-day rule 2591:diminished capacity 2585:Diminished capacity 2526:Legifrance web site 2375:'s murder statute, 2342:Istanbul Convention 2114:third-degree murder 2086:Canadian murder law 2078:Premeditated Murder 1964:malice aforethought 1797:). The alternative 1689:Proto-Indo-European 1639:diminished capacity 1127:Consensual homicide 1082:Part of a series on 912:Defense of property 764:Illegal consumption 300:Criminal negligence 200:Severity of offense 21:Page version status 9851:Child sexual abuse 9816:Wildlife smuggling 9806:Cruelty to animals 9595:Against the public 9424:Negligent homicide 9337:False imprisonment 9292:Against the person 9128:Thanatosensitivity 9032:Hierarchy of death 8972:Death notification 8880:Coins for the dead 8812:Forensic pathology 8696:Capital punishment 8650:Near-death studies 8242:Mortality salience 7874:Fibrinoid necrosis 7844:Avascular necrosis 7579:2015-10-16 at the 7519:2016-01-01 at the 7337:2013-10-29 at the 6665:2010-01-09 at the 6530:2016-01-01 at the 6219:Arab Law Quarterly 6160:. pp. 17–38. 5824:People v. Carrillo 5528:The New York Times 5490:Cornell Law Review 5279:on April 25, 2018. 5049:Irish Statute Book 4981:, All ER Rep 229. 4965:2015-09-04 at the 4923:The New York Times 4628:wetten.overheid.nl 4505:Fordham Law Review 4476:Noticias Jurídicas 4400:2015-05-17 at the 3996:2020-07-07 at the 3633:Seven laws of Noah 3618:Misdemeanor murder 3582:head of government 3525:into murders (the 3441: 3429: 3421:Lake Bodom murders 3382: 3335: 3308: 3283: 2974: 2896:Alteration in the 2739:Felony murder rule 2733:Felony murder rule 2487:law, for example: 2481: 2336:reasons (known as 2272:Capital punishment 2015:deadly weapon rule 1990:Intent to inflict 1948:■ by another human 1869:William Blackstone 1761:first attested in 1677:capital punishment 1357:Capital punishment 1323:Vehicular homicide 1318:Negligent homicide 1283:Wrongful execution 1221:Misdemeanor murder 1147:Felony murder rule 833:Wildlife smuggling 823:Cruelty to animals 452:Child sexual abuse 404:Negligent homicide 315:False imprisonment 212:Indictable offense 156:Scope of criminal 98: 27: 9991: 9990: 9974:Wikimedia Commons 9932:Inchoate offenses 9876:Indecent exposure 9367:Human trafficking 9332:Domestic violence 9164: 9163: 8900:Death anniversary 8895:Death and culture 8739:Dying declaration 8721:Death certificate 8628: 8627: 8490: 8489: 8342:Neuropreservation 8132:Natural disasters 8103: 8102: 7345:. March 30, 2007. 6628:Los Angeles Times 6487:978-1-136-71610-2 6460:978-0-8078-4817-3 6353:978-0-582-50601-5 6284:978-1-84403-416-1 6202:978-3-8423-4288-0 6175:978-0-19-532795-3 6123:(in Portuguese). 5853:State v. Gabehart 5731:978-2-247-15085-4 5687:978-0-19-256552-5 5389:www.consultant.ru 4979:M'Naughten's case 4857:978-1-946135-08-7 4722:978-0-19-825996-1 4304:978-0-8205-5027-5 3692:England and Wales 3598:Culpable homicide 3402: 3082:according to the 2960:Abrahamic context 2758:preterintentional 2637:Murder of a child 2506:French Penal Code 2346:domestic violence 2284:Council of Europe 1972:In contrast with 1913:collateral damage 1819:, from the noun. 1586: 1585: 1377:"License to kill" 1186:Internet homicide 1167:Child cannibalism 1162:Human cannibalism 1077: 1076: 477:Indecent exposure 345:Human trafficking 310:Domestic violence 238:Inchoate offenses 88:Peter Paul Rubens 84:Cain slaying Abel 18: 10058: 10051:Killings by type 10008: 10007: 9999: 9638:Ethnic cleansing 9576:Trespass to land 9471:Arms trafficking 9283: 9278: 9277: 9268: 9191: 9184: 9177: 9168: 9167: 9154: 9153: 9144: 9143: 9124: 9109:Assisted suicide 9007:Death trajectory 8822:Mortuary science 8817:Funeral director 8808: 8774:Suspicious death 8546:Eternal oblivion 8332:Cryopreservation 8271: 8270: 8260: 8259: 8198:Infant mortality 8188:Excess mortality 8090:Terminal illness 8075:Lazarus syndrome 8060:End-of-life care 8011:Accidental death 7864:Caseous necrosis 7827: 7826: 7809: 7802: 7795: 7786: 7785: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7708: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7678: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7602: 7596: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7549: 7538: 7532: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7352: 7346: 7328: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7251: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7235: 7228: 7220: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7201: 7194: 7186: 7180: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7170: 7163: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7145: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7064: 7057: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7026: 7022:"Homicidio 2010" 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7002: 6995: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6902: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6781: 6775: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6750:. Archived from 6749: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6718:Homicide Studies 6713: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6680: 6674: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6609: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6542: 6536: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6444: 6438: 6437:, Yamakawa, 2005 6433:Mako Taniguchi, 6431: 6425: 6424: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6379: 6364: 6358: 6357: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6314: 6308: 6307: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6232:Brill Publishers 6213: 6207: 6206: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6136: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6034: 6024: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5979: 5971: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5912: 5901: 5895: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5758: 5752: 5746:State v. Picotte 5742: 5736: 5735: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5611:"Journal of law" 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5502: 5487: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5391:. Archived from 5381: 5375: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5327: 5317: 5311: 5304: 5295: 5294: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5275:. Archived from 5265: 5259: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5040: 5034: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4953: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4934: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4830: 4824: 4817: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4411: 4405: 4387: 4381: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4331: 4323: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4291:Dressler, Joshua 4287: 4270: 4269: 4263: 4255: 4237: 4228: 4226: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4011: 4005: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3929: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3831: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3737:Northern Ireland 3544:Lists of murders 3449:African American 3397: 3358:Rates by country 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3054:Ten Commandments 3034:Code of Ur-Nammu 3023:Germanic society 2804:attorney-general 2695:Treachery (e.g. 2664:contract killing 2528: 2500: 2425:Insanity defense 2300:and the case of 2157: 2059:crime of passion 1787:murdreo, murdiro 1735:"dead" (compare 1652:, recklessness. 1593:unlawful killing 1578: 1571: 1564: 1540:Suspicious death 1352:Assisted suicide 1338:Note: Varies by 1137:Crime of passion 1132:Contract killing 1117:Attempted murder 1103:Note: Varies by 1079: 1078: 1069: 1062: 1055: 1026: 897:Actual innocence 754:Ethnic cleansing 648:Trespass to land 543:Arms trafficking 107: 100: 99: 96: 93: 39:9 September 2024 10066: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10002: 9994: 9992: 9987: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9926: 9925: 9924: 9906:Sex trafficking 9832:Sexual offenses 9826: 9825: 9824: 9798:Against animals 9793: 9792: 9791: 9742: 9741: 9740: 9696: 9695: 9694: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9506:False pretenses 9450: 9449: 9448: 9412:Preterintention 9286: 9279: 9272: 9269: 9260: 9214: 9201: 9195: 9165: 9160: 9132: 9118: 9062:Museum of Death 9012:Dignified death 8967:Death messenger 8942:Death education 8858: 8802: 8788: 8726:Declared death 8674: 8624: 8581:Online mourning 8486: 8452:Cadaveric spasm 8433: 8378: 8320: 8311:Skeletonization 8251: 8183:Child mortality 8178:Birthday effect 8166: 8099: 8095:Unnatural death 8026:Brainstem death 7997: 7936:Pseudoapoptosis 7818: 7813: 7759: 7750:Sir Edward Coke 7741: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7709: 7702: 7692: 7690: 7679: 7672: 7663: 7661: 7650: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7628: 7624: 7617: 7603: 7599: 7586:Nova Publishers 7581:Wayback Machine 7570: 7566: 7558: 7547: 7539: 7535: 7521:Wayback Machine 7510: 7506: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7464: 7453: 7451: 7438: 7437: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7379: 7378: 7374: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7339:Wayback Machine 7329: 7325: 7316: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7278: 7277: 7273: 7264: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7214: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7143: 7141: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7118: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7093: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7006: 7004: 7000: 6993: 6989: 6988: 6984: 6975: 6973: 6958: 6954: 6945: 6943: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6888: 6886: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6821:. 9 July 2019. 6819:Financial Times 6813: 6812: 6808: 6799: 6797: 6782: 6778: 6766: 6762: 6754: 6747: 6741: 6737: 6714: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6667:Wayback Machine 6653: 6646: 6637: 6635: 6620: 6616: 6607: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6543: 6539: 6532:Wayback Machine 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6445: 6441: 6435:Kiri-sute Gomen 6432: 6428: 6417:Natural History 6409: 6405: 6390: 6386: 6377: 6375: 6366: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6340: 6336: 6327: 6325: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6296: 6292: 6285: 6271: 6267: 6261:American Speech 6259: 6255: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6176: 6154: 6150: 6113: 6106: 6083: 6079: 6052: 6048: 6007:(5): e0233034. 5993: 5989: 5973: 5972: 5968: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5929: 5923: 5916: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5877: 5873: 5864: 5862: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5835: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5806: 5804: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5716: 5712: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5554: 5552: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5436: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5360: 5356: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5330: 5320:Crimes Act 1900 5318: 5314: 5305: 5298: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5256:Twinkie defense 5254:The so-called " 5253: 5249: 5234:10.2307/1122334 5218: 5214: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5175: 5173: 5162:"Article 222-8" 5158: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5014: 5012: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4967:Wayback Machine 4956:People v. Davis 4954: 4945: 4932: 4930: 4915: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4858: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818:. May 6, 2008. 4815: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4797: 4795: 4790:. 7 June 2013. 4782: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4754: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4688: 4677:"Article 122-5" 4673: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4567:Merriam-Webster 4563:"Premeditation" 4561: 4560: 4556: 4547: 4545: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4483: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4412: 4408: 4402:Wayback Machine 4388: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4345: 4341: 4325: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4288: 4273: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4238: 4231: 4213: 4209: 4200: 4198: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4149: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4012: 4008: 3998:Wayback Machine 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3953: 3949: 3930: 3926: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3873:Merriam-Webster 3867: 3866: 3862: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3808: 3804: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3657: 3655:Laws by country 3652: 3569: 3540: 3535: 3519: 3413: 3360: 3300: 3281: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3233: 3217: 3201:Oliver v. State 3189: 3177:right to strike 3153:Huitzilopochtli 3105: 3076: 3046: 3021:which in early 2998:Evans-Pritchard 2962: 2957: 2832: 2773: 2767: 2741: 2735: 2717:murders. Under 2615: 2605:and Supervisor 2587: 2569: 2541: 2529: 2523: 2501: 2495: 2434:Mental disorder 2431: 2429:M'Naghten rules 2423:Main articles: 2421: 2411:and medication 2397: 2363: 2316:Castle doctrine 2268: 2220: 2215: 2181: 2149: 2144:. In the U.S., 2090:U.S. murder law 2082: 2067: 2011: 1994:short of death, 1865: 1825: 1823:Use of the term 1784:Old High German 1685: 1582: 1288:Judicial murder 1179:Child sacrifice 1174:Human sacrifice 1073: 1014: 578:False pretenses 507:Sex trafficking 433:Sexual offenses 392:Preterintention 228:Summary offense 94: 77: 68: 61: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 10064: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10013: 10012: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9923: 9918: 9916:Sexual slavery 9913: 9911:Sexual assault 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9828: 9827: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9795: 9794: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9744: 9743: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9633:Hostage-taking 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9592: 9591: 9587: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9399: 9394: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9284: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9194: 9193: 9186: 9179: 9171: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9148: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9125: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9100: 9099: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8870:Apparent death 8866: 8864: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8856: 8851: 8850: 8849: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8701:Cause of death 8698: 8693: 8691:Administration 8688: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8590: 8585: 8584: 8583: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8511: 8506: 8500: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8462:Death erection 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8405: 8404: 8399: 8397:Natural burial 8388: 8386: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8328: 8326: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8268: 8257: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8230:Mortality rate 8227: 8222: 8215: 8210: 8208:Maternal death 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8152:Unusual deaths 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8113: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8085:Organ donation 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8033:Clinical death 8030: 8029: 8028: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8002: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7944: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7883: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7835: 7833: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7789: 7783: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7765: 7758: 7757:External links 7755: 7754: 7753: 7747: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7700: 7670: 7644: 7622: 7616:978-1551305714 7615: 7597: 7564: 7533: 7504: 7501:on 2012-03-23. 7486: 7483:on 2011-10-10. 7462: 7428: 7398: 7372: 7347: 7323: 7302: 7271: 7246: 7212: 7181: 7150: 7125: 7100: 7075: 7044: 7013: 6982: 6952: 6927: 6897: 6866: 6836: 6806: 6776: 6760: 6757:on 2010-06-29. 6735: 6724:(2): 128–166. 6705: 6675: 6644: 6614: 6589: 6570: 6537: 6515: 6493: 6486: 6466: 6459: 6439: 6426: 6403: 6384: 6359: 6352: 6334: 6309: 6290: 6283: 6265: 6253: 6208: 6201: 6181: 6174: 6148: 6127:(2): 118–124. 6104: 6077: 6066:(4): 531–550. 6046: 5987: 5966: 5948: 5914: 5896: 5871: 5842: 5813: 5783: 5753: 5737: 5730: 5710: 5693: 5686: 5666: 5641: 5616: 5602: 5578: 5561: 5550:heinonline.org 5537: 5514: 5473: 5443: 5429: 5420: 5398: 5376: 5367: 5354: 5341: 5328: 5312: 5296: 5282: 5260: 5247: 5228:(4): 786–811. 5212: 5182: 5152: 5140: 5110: 5083:(4): 370–383. 5067: 5035: 5026: 4996: 4983: 4971: 4943: 4909: 4895: 4881: 4867: 4856: 4835: 4804: 4775: 4763: 4734: 4721: 4697: 4667: 4658: 4633: 4614: 4584: 4554: 4525: 4491: 4481: 4463: 4449: 4406: 4382: 4370: 4339: 4310: 4303: 4271: 4250: 4229: 4207: 4183: 4166: 4157:Daily American 4143: 4132:Marquis, Don. 4124: 4107:new script.com 4094: 4063: 4046:New York times 4031: 4006: 3983: 3970:978-0521291880 3969: 3947: 3924: 3909: 3890: 3860: 3846:978-0314201607 3845: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3802: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3648:Thrill killing 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3588:Capital murder 3585: 3570: 3568: 3567:Related topics 3565: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3527:clearance rate 3518: 3515: 3484:European Union 3437:Rio de Janeiro 3412: 3409: 3359: 3356: 3352:tetraethyllead 3312:homicide rates 3299: 3296: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3232: 3229: 3216: 3213: 3209:Virgin Islands 3188: 3185: 3121:secret society 3104: 3101: 3075: 3072: 3052:is one of the 3045: 3042: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2934: 2933: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2877: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2845: 2831: 2828: 2769:Main article: 2766: 2763: 2737:Main article: 2734: 2731: 2707: 2706: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2670:torture murder 2666: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2643:sexual assault 2639: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2614: 2611: 2603:George Moscone 2586: 2583: 2568: 2565: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2521: 2517: 2512:Article 122-1 2497:N.Y. Penal Law 2493: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2420: 2417: 2396: 2393: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2326: 2323:sexual assault 2319: 2312: 2305: 2294:terminally ill 2287: 2276:criminal trial 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2249: 2246: 2236: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2180: 2177: 2155:§ 1111(a) 2094:capital murder 2066: 2063: 2010: 2009: 1998: 1995: 1988: 1985:Intent to kill 1981: 1970: 1969: 1959: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1933: 1930: 1923: 1920: 1917:non-combatants 1901: 1864: 1861: 1824: 1821: 1763:Middle English 1702:Proto-Germanic 1684: 1681: 1669:incapacitation 1665:rehabilitation 1584: 1583: 1581: 1580: 1573: 1566: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1308:In English law 1302: 1301: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1280: 1275: 1273:Torture murder 1270: 1268:Thrill killing 1265: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1256:Angel of mercy 1248: 1246:Pseudocommando 1243: 1238: 1233: 1231:Murder–suicide 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1098: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1075: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1064: 1057: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 984: 983: 979: 978: 977: 976: 971: 966: 961: 951: 946: 941: 936: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 891: 890: 884: 883: 882: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 848: 847: 843: 842: 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 817: 816: 812: 811: 810: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 761: 756: 751: 749:Hostage-taking 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 713: 712: 708: 707: 706: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 667: 666: 662: 661: 660: 659: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 532: 531: 527: 526: 525: 524: 519: 517:Sexual slavery 514: 512:Sexual assault 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 436: 435: 429: 428: 427: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 400: 399: 389: 388: 387: 377: 372: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 274: 273: 267: 266: 265: 264: 259: 254: 249: 241: 240: 234: 233: 232: 231: 221: 215: 202: 201: 197: 196: 195: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 161: 160: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 140: 133: 123: 122: 116: 115: 109: 108: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10063: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10041:Violent crime 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10021: 10011: 10006: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9964: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9866:Homosexuality 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9835: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9750: 9745: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9666:Miscegenation 9664: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9597: 9593: 9586: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9546:Pickpocketing 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9460: 9458: 9453: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9418: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9392: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9352:Home invasion 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9302:Assassination 9300: 9299: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9282: 9276: 9271: 9267: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9211: 9204: 9200: 9192: 9187: 9185: 9180: 9178: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9157: 9149: 9147: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8905:Death anxiety 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8890:Darwin Awards 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8852: 8848: 8847:Biostratinomy 8845: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8759:Necropolitics 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8593:Reincarnation 8591: 8589: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8496:Other aspects 8493: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8447:Body donation 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8436: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8414:Dismemberment 8412: 8410: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8359:Mummification 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8316:Fossilization 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8306:Decomposition 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8281:Pallor mortis 8279: 8278: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8031: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7803: 7798: 7796: 7791: 7790: 7787: 7780: 7777: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7705: 7688: 7684: 7677: 7675: 7660:on 2012-07-01 7659: 7655: 7648: 7633: 7626: 7618: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7595: 7594:1-59033-970-3 7591: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7568: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7545: 7537: 7531: 7530:1-4129-6047-9 7527: 7523: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7508: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7479: 7472: 7466: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7402: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7362:on 2010-06-12 7361: 7357: 7351: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7327: 7313: 7306: 7288: 7281: 7275: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7232: 7225: 7219: 7217: 7198: 7191: 7185: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7139: 7135: 7129: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7061: 7054: 7048: 7034:on 2011-10-16 7030: 7023: 7017: 6999: 6992: 6986: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6956: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6810: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6774: 6773:0-06-073132-X 6770: 6764: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6710: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6574: 6563:September 17, 6558: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6541: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6519: 6503: 6497: 6489: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6470: 6462: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6443: 6436: 6430: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6400:(in Spanish). 6399: 6395: 6388: 6374:on 2010-12-19 6373: 6369: 6363: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6323: 6319: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6185: 6177: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6109: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6050: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5983: 5977: 5969: 5967:9780128125298 5963: 5959: 5952: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5928: 5921: 5919: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5875: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5846: 5831: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5757: 5750: 5747: 5741: 5733: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5706: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5670: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5612: 5606: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5571: 5565: 5551: 5547: 5546:"Hein Online" 5541: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5518: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5439: 5433: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5351: 5345: 5338: 5332: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5292: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5257: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5202:on 2007-11-02 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5172:on 2007-11-02 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5071: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5030: 5023: 5010: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4940: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4905: 4899: 4891: 4885: 4877: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4821: 4814: 4808: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4701: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4662: 4648:on 2010-12-03 4647: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4485: 4478:(in Spanish). 4477: 4473: 4467: 4459: 4453: 4446: 4442: 4439:, (1991) 172 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4423:, (1985) 156 4422: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4335: 4329: 4321: 4314: 4306: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4267: 4261: 4253: 4251:9781474320184 4247: 4243: 4236: 4234: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4211: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4176: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4138:web.csulb.edu 4135: 4128: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4035: 4019: 4018: 4010: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3972: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3912: 3910:9780553583229 3906: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3812: 3806: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3778: 3777:United States 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3579: 3578:head of state 3575: 3574:Assassination 3572: 3571: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3538:Related lists 3530: 3528: 3524: 3517:Investigation 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3503:Massachusetts 3500: 3496: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3411:United States 3408: 3404: 3401: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3367:Western world 3364: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3161:Aztec Warfare 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115:, a militant 3114: 3111:derives from 3110: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3088:greatest sins 3086:, one of the 3085: 3081: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015:blood revenge 3010: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2966: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2904:Hyperglycemia 2902: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889:Reduction in 2888: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816:Ex Post Facto 2813: 2807: 2806:'s approval. 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2727:life sentence 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2632:Lying in wait 2630: 2627: 2625:Premeditation 2624: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599:assassination 2596: 2592: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2567:Unintentional 2564: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2498: 2492: 2488: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442:schizophrenia 2439: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2338:honor killing 2335: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2298:double effect 2295: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2160:criminal code 2156: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2142:death penalty 2139: 2135: 2134:life sentence 2130: 2125: 2123: 2122:felony murder 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:lying in wait 2107: 2103: 2102:strangulation 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2062: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2019:deadly weapon 2016: 2007: 2006:felony murder 2003: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1919:during a war. 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1843:Opponents of 1841: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1673:life sentence 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1650:guilty intent 1647: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1601:justification 1598: 1594: 1590: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1498:Friendly fire 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1251:Serial killer 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1216:Mass stabbing 1214: 1212: 1211:Mass shooting 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1157:Honor killing 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1112:Assassination 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 986: 985: 981: 980: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 959: 955: 952: 950: 949:Justification 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 934: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 894: 893: 892: 889: 886: 885: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 850: 849: 845: 844: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 820: 819: 818: 814: 813: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 782:Miscegenation 780: 777: 773: 769: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 715: 714: 710: 709: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 668: 664: 663: 658: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 618:Pickpocketing 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 533: 529: 528: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 467:Homosexuality 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 439: 438: 437: 434: 431: 430: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 398: 395: 394: 393: 390: 386: 383: 382: 381: 378: 376: 373: 370: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 330:Home invasion 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 280:Assassination 278: 277: 276: 275: 272: 269: 268: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 244: 243: 242: 239: 236: 235: 229: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 209: 206: 205: 204: 203: 199: 198: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 164: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 138: 134: 132: 131: 127: 126: 125: 124: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 110: 106: 102: 101: 89: 85: 81: 75: 74: 73:Double Murder 66: 59: 54: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 9956:Solicitation 9891:Prostitution 9881:Masturbation 9712:Lèse-majesté 9701:Against the 9496:Embezzlement 9387:Manslaughter 9372:Intimidation 9210:jurisdiction 9207: 9002:Death threat 8885:Dark tourism 8827:Necrobiology 8769:Right to die 8753: 8727: 8686:Abortion law 8610:Resurrection 8598:Palingenesis 8495: 8457:Coffin birth 8364:Plastination 8325:Preservation 8301:Putrefaction 8296:Rigor mortis 8291:Algor mortis 8286:Livor mortis 8263: 8219:Memento mori 8217: 8070:Lazarus sign 8050:Death rattle 7993:Suicide gene 7978:Karyorrhexis 7869:Fat necrosis 7739:Bibliography 7727:10 September 7725:. Retrieved 7716: 7693:10 September 7691:. Retrieved 7662:. Retrieved 7658:the original 7647: 7635:. Retrieved 7625: 7606: 7600: 7572: 7567: 7543: 7536: 7512: 7507: 7499:the original 7489: 7478:the original 7465: 7454:10 September 7452:. Retrieved 7443: 7421:10 September 7419:. Retrieved 7410: 7401: 7391:10 September 7389:. Retrieved 7375: 7364:. Retrieved 7360:the original 7350: 7326: 7315:. Retrieved 7305: 7294:. Retrieved 7274: 7263:. Retrieved 7249: 7238:. Retrieved 7204:. Retrieved 7184: 7173:. Retrieved 7153: 7142:. Retrieved 7128: 7117:. Retrieved 7103: 7092:. Retrieved 7078: 7067:. Retrieved 7047: 7036:. Retrieved 7029:the original 7016: 7005:. Retrieved 6985: 6974:. Retrieved 6965: 6955: 6944:. Retrieved 6930: 6920:10 September 6918:. Retrieved 6909: 6900: 6889:10 September 6887:. Retrieved 6878: 6869: 6857:. Retrieved 6848: 6839: 6827:. Retrieved 6818: 6809: 6798:. Retrieved 6790:Mother Jones 6789: 6779: 6763: 6752:the original 6738: 6721: 6717: 6698:10 September 6696:. Retrieved 6687: 6678: 6655: 6636:. Retrieved 6627: 6617: 6606:. Retrieved 6592: 6586:(in German). 6583: 6573: 6561:. Retrieved 6550: 6540: 6523: 6518: 6508:14 September 6506:. Retrieved 6496: 6476: 6469: 6449: 6442: 6434: 6429: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6397: 6387: 6376:. Retrieved 6372:the original 6362: 6343: 6337: 6326:. Retrieved 6312: 6304:The Guardian 6303: 6293: 6274: 6268: 6260: 6256: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6191: 6184: 6157: 6151: 6124: 6120: 6090: 6080: 6063: 6059: 6049: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5957: 5951: 5933: 5899: 5894: (2001). 5878: 5874: 5863:. Retrieved 5852: 5845: 5834:. Retrieved 5823: 5816: 5805:. Retrieved 5796: 5786: 5774:. Retrieved 5765: 5756: 5745: 5740: 5720: 5713: 5703: 5696: 5676: 5669: 5658:. Retrieved 5653: 5644: 5633:. Retrieved 5631:(in Italian) 5628: 5619: 5605: 5594:. Retrieved 5590: 5581: 5564: 5553:. Retrieved 5549: 5540: 5527: 5517: 5507:10 September 5505:. Retrieved 5493: 5489: 5476: 5466:10 September 5464:. Retrieved 5455: 5446: 5432: 5423: 5410: 5401: 5393:the original 5388: 5379: 5370: 5357: 5344: 5331: 5319: 5315: 5285: 5277:the original 5272: 5263: 5250: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5204:. Retrieved 5200:the original 5195: 5185: 5174:. Retrieved 5170:the original 5165: 5155: 5143: 5131:. Retrieved 5122: 5113: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5058:. Retrieved 5047: 5038: 5029: 5013:. Retrieved 4999: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4955: 4938: 4931:. Retrieved 4922: 4912: 4898: 4884: 4870: 4848:Criminal Law 4847: 4838: 4827:. Retrieved 4807: 4796:. Retrieved 4787: 4778: 4766: 4755:. Retrieved 4746: 4737: 4726:. Retrieved 4711: 4707: 4700: 4689:. Retrieved 4680: 4670: 4661: 4650:. Retrieved 4646:the original 4636: 4627: 4617: 4607:10 September 4605:. Retrieved 4596: 4587: 4577:10 September 4575:. Retrieved 4566: 4557: 4546:. Retrieved 4537: 4528: 4517:. Retrieved 4508: 4504: 4494: 4484: 4475: 4466: 4452: 4432: 4413: 4409: 4390: 4385: 4377: 4373: 4363:10 September 4361:. Retrieved 4352: 4342: 4319: 4313: 4294: 4241: 4217: 4210: 4199:. Retrieved 4195: 4186: 4169: 4156: 4146: 4137: 4127: 4115:. Retrieved 4106: 4097: 4085:. Retrieved 4076: 4066: 4054:. Retrieved 4045: 4034: 4024:10 September 4022:. Retrieved 4016: 4009: 4001: 3986: 3976:10 September 3974:. Retrieved 3958: 3950: 3938:The Guardian 3937: 3927: 3916:10 September 3914:. Retrieved 3899: 3893: 3883:10 September 3881:. Retrieved 3872: 3863: 3852:10 September 3850:. Retrieved 3835: 3829: 3805: 3798:malice (law) 3792: 3593:Child murder 3520: 3492: 3472: 3469: 3446: 3442: 3405: 3383: 3363:Murder rates 3361: 3340: 3336: 3316: 3309: 3284: 3280: >20 3218: 3205:Arthur Hodge 3200: 3190: 3160: 3159:, author of 3108: 3106: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3077: 3047: 3031: 3012: 2991: 2975: 2942: 2935: 2926:Malnutrition 2908:Hypoglycemia 2884:Testosterone 2878: 2869: 2860: 2847: 2838: 2833: 2824: 2808: 2797: 2793: 2774: 2761:to survive. 2754: 2742: 2711:first-degree 2708: 2696: 2616: 2588: 2576:constitutes 2574:manslaughter 2570: 2542: 2533: 2511: 2503: 2490: 2482: 2477:Aaron Alexis 2432: 2413:side-effects 2398: 2389:Stanley Mosk 2371: 2364: 2330:family honor 2239:Self-defense 2221: 2199: 2192: 2189:public wrong 2188: 2182: 2172: 2168: 2126: 2098: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2055: 2050: 2042: 2040: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2012: 2008:" doctrine). 1978: 1974:manslaughter 1971: 1962: 1942:■ of a human 1905:self-defense 1895: 1892: 1888: 1881:set out the 1876: 1866: 1853:legal person 1842: 1826: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1765: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1654: 1646:manslaughter 1643: 1625: 1621:manslaughter 1613:jurisdiction 1588: 1587: 1340:jurisdiction 1337: 1336: 1299:Manslaughter 1263:Spree killer 1241:Proxy murder 1122:Child murder 1105:jurisdiction 1102: 1101: 1094: 974:Self-defense 931: 854:Lèse-majesté 568:Embezzlement 492:Prostitution 482:Masturbation 379: 365:Manslaughter 350:Intimidation 262:Solicitation 135: 128: 113:Criminal law 83: 72: 53: 38: 29:This is the 23: 9861:Fornication 9778:Obstruction 9758:Compounding 9566:Tax evasion 9317:Child abuse 9231:Misdemeanor 9119: [ 9077:Necrophobia 9072:Necrophilia 9042:Immortality 8997:Death squad 8977:Death panel 8962:Death march 8957:Death knell 8937:Death drive 8910:Death deity 8854:Thanatology 8803: [ 8749:Legal death 8728:in absentia 8706:Civil death 8551:Examination 8536:Crematorium 8419:Excarnation 8256:After death 8055:Dysthanasia 8021:Brain death 7953:Autoschizis 7931:Phenoptosis 7926:Parthanatos 7916:Necroptosis 7823:In medicine 7637:21 December 7136:. Rosstat. 6671:Jill Lepore 6423:(4): 46–51. 6234:: 159–168. 6093:: 161–174. 6060:Criminology 5656:(in German) 5654:Jura Online 5629:Brocardi.it 4538:findlaw.com 4038:See, e.g., 3814:treatments. 3772:Switzerland 3732:Netherlands 3613:Mass murder 3608:Letting die 3488:too complex 3475:gun control 3465:trauma care 3398:full table 3344:Prohibition 3331:Middle Ages 3274: 10–20 3197:Mississippi 3181:lower class 3171:. Japanese 3157:Ross Hassig 3113:Hashshashin 3065:Deuteronomy 2968:A group of 2690:Hate crimes 2607:Harvey Milk 2548:infanticide 2380:section 187 2280:due process 2253:provocation 2233:Laws of war 2194:malum in se 2165:Netherlands 2146:federal law 1961:Originally 1873:Edward Coke 1833:journalists 1811:*murþrijaną 1725:*murþrijaną 1714:Old English 1657:retribution 1644:Involuntary 1635:provocation 1595:of another 1545:Tyrannicide 1483:Crucifixion 1426:Neonaticide 1421:Infanticide 1206:Mass murder 1196:Lust murder 969:Provocation 693:Obstruction 673:Compounding 638:Tax evasion 462:Fornication 295:Child abuse 224:Misdemeanor 148:Concurrence 95: 1600 10020:Categories 9969:WikiSource 9951:Incitement 9946:Conspiracy 9821:Bestiality 9773:Misprision 9737:Subversion 9691:War crimes 9686:Usurpation 9613:Corruption 9491:Cybercrime 9377:Kidnapping 9357:Hate crime 9347:Harassment 9327:Defamation 9281:Law portal 9256:Corruption 9246:Indictable 9226:Infraction 9047:Last rites 9017:Extinction 8987:Death pose 8982:Death poem 8952:Death hoax 8932:Death camp 8925:Psychopomp 8800:Death tech 8655:Necromancy 8633:Paranormal 8615:Underworld 8467:Dissection 8429:Resomation 8424:Promession 8402:Sky burial 8369:Prosection 8354:Maceration 8065:Euthanasia 7983:Karyolysis 7941:Pyroptosis 7921:Paraptosis 7831:Cell death 7664:2010-06-25 7366:2010-06-25 7317:2020-07-28 7296:2012-06-11 7265:2012-06-10 7240:2012-06-18 7206:2011-08-02 7175:2012-06-05 7144:2011-04-03 7119:2011-09-14 7094:2012-06-05 7069:2012-06-05 7038:2011-09-11 7007:2012-06-05 6976:2010-04-30 6946:2012-06-05 6910:Infoplease 6800:2017-08-14 6638:2011-01-27 6608:2010-06-25 6378:2010-06-25 6328:2013-04-23 5865:2015-06-14 5836:2015-06-14 5807:2015-02-28 5660:2024-02-29 5635:2024-02-29 5596:2024-02-29 5555:2024-02-29 5324:s 19B 5273:Justia Law 5206:2007-11-01 5176:2007-11-01 5015:2007-10-23 4829:2017-10-03 4798:2014-10-23 4788:Yahoo News 4757:2014-10-23 4728:2010-06-25 4691:2007-11-01 4652:2010-06-25 4548:2018-03-13 4519:2018-03-13 4445:High Court 4433:Royall v R 4429:High Court 4201:2020-09-13 4117:October 2, 4087:October 3, 3940:. London. 3822:References 3628:Nonkilling 3554:Axe murder 3511:California 3505:to 76% in 3292:bellwether 3268: 5–10 3235:See also: 3165:sacrificed 3003:headhunter 2855:mercy kill 2818:Clause of 2750:Ryan Holle 2715:aggravated 2703:German law 2649:kidnapping 2504:Under the 2452:and other 2450:sociopathy 2440:caused by 2405:Depression 2377:penal code 2373:California 2309:sex worker 2290:Euthanasia 2229:war crimes 2213:Exclusions 2185:common law 2179:Common law 1909:combatants 1900:■ unlawful 1883:common law 1875:), in his 1863:Definition 1829:defamation 1770:Old French 1712:), whence 1698:"to die". 1661:deterrence 1619:, such as 1503:Gendercide 1443:Sororicide 1438:Fratricide 1412:Prolicide 1403:Mariticide 1398:Familicide 1362:Euthanasia 927:Entrapment 902:Automatism 879:Subversion 838:Bestiality 807:War crimes 802:Usurpation 729:Corruption 688:Misprision 563:Cybercrime 355:Kidnapping 335:Hate crime 325:Harassment 305:Defamation 257:Incitement 252:Conspiracy 218:Infraction 177:Complicity 172:Accomplice 130:Actus reus 9979:Wikiquote 9921:Voyeurism 9901:Pederasty 9886:Obscenity 9727:Secession 9722:Espionage 9681:Terrorism 9643:Smuggling 9581:Vandalism 9561:Smuggling 9501:Extortion 9476:Blackmail 9391:corporate 9197:Types of 9092:Sacrifice 9087:Predation 9052:Longevity 8842:Taphonomy 8779:Trust law 8734:Death row 8519:Afterlife 8472:Gibbeting 8409:Cremation 8374:Taxidermy 8349:Embalming 8225:Micromort 8171:Mortality 7948:Autolysis 7906:Autophagy 7901:Apoptosis 7588:. p. 23. 5976:cite book 5776:14 August 5150:, art.106 5105:144571256 5097:1081-602X 4380:1 QB 290. 4328:cite book 4322:. London. 4260:cite book 3712:Hong Kong 3662:Australia 3495:forensics 3461:Hispanics 3386:Hong Kong 3327:Stockholm 3262: 2–5 3256: 1–2 3250: 0–1 3231:Incidence 3107:The term 2949:São Paulo 2930:junk food 2891:serotonin 2785:causation 2777:defendant 2698:Heimtücke 2628:Poisoning 2601:of Mayor 2595:Dan White 2560:black cap 2499:, § 40.15 2463:defendant 2461:That the 2438:psychosis 2202:precedent 2151:18 U.S.C. 2106:poisoning 2051:homicidio 2043:asesinato 1922:■ killing 1837:convicted 1782:(compare 1721:*murþrijô 1710:*mŕ̥-trom 1692:*mŕ̥-trom 1683:Etymology 1609:intention 1603:or valid 1550:War crime 1513:Androcide 1460:Patricide 1455:Matricide 1450:Parricide 1433:Siblicide 1408:Uxoricide 1367:Foeticide 1236:Poisoning 1152:Foeticide 990:Contracts 964:Necessity 869:Secession 864:Espionage 797:Terrorism 759:Smuggling 653:Vandalism 633:Smuggling 573:Extortion 548:Blackmail 522:Voyeurism 502:Pederasty 487:Obscenity 369:corporate 192:Vicarious 187:Principal 182:Corporate 167:Accessory 158:liability 143:Causation 10046:Violence 9984:Wikinews 9841:Adultery 9811:Poaching 9747:Against 9732:Sedition 9676:Regicide 9628:Genocide 9603:Apostasy 9585:Mischief 9521:Gambling 9486:Burglary 9457:property 9455:Against 9439:Stabbing 9434:Stalking 9417:Homicide 9382:Menacing 9362:Homicide 9146:Category 9116:Thanabot 9067:Necronym 9037:Homicide 8588:Obituary 8576:Mourning 8566:Internet 8509:Cemetery 8384:Disposal 8337:Cryonics 8006:Abortion 7973:Pyknosis 7839:Necrosis 7721:Archived 7687:Archived 7577:Archived 7556:Archived 7517:Archived 7448:Archived 7415:Archived 7385:Archived 7335:Archived 7287:Archived 7259:Archived 7231:Archived 7197:Archived 7166:Archived 7138:Archived 7113:Archived 7088:Archived 7060:Archived 6998:Archived 6970:Archived 6966:BBC News 6940:Archived 6914:Archived 6883:Archived 6853:Archived 6823:Archived 6794:Archived 6692:Archived 6663:Archived 6632:Archived 6602:Archived 6557:Archived 6552:CBS News 6528:Archived 6322:Archived 6143:10748663 6099:89070703 6095:ProQuest 6041:32422646 6001:PLOS ONE 5958:Homicide 5940:Archived 5909:Archived 5859:Archived 5830:Archived 5801:Archived 5797:Newsweek 5770:Archived 5766:Radio NZ 5704:Mens rea 5532:Archived 5498:Archived 5460:Archived 5415:Archived 5127:Archived 5054:Archived 5009:Archived 4963:Archived 4933:July 29, 4927:Archived 4862:Archived 4820:Archived 4792:Archived 4751:Archived 4747:ABC News 4685:Archived 4601:Archived 4571:Archived 4542:Archived 4513:Archived 4398:Archived 4378:R v Tait 4357:Archived 4293:(2001). 4223:Archived 4196:The Star 4161:Archived 4111:Archived 4081:Archived 4056:4 August 4050:Archived 3994:Archived 3991:"Murder" 3942:Archived 3877:Archived 3869:"Murder" 3752:Portugal 3533:See also 3507:San Jose 3225:vendetta 3199:case of 3175:had the 3137:Crusader 3109:assassin 3074:In Islam 3019:weregild 2986:jealousy 2936:Certain 2862:Loathing 2745:doctrine 2743:A legal 2578:reckless 2556:commuted 2522:— 2494:— 2485:New York 2446:dementia 2419:Insanity 2207:codified 2173:doodslag 2065:Degrees 1937:omission 1871:(citing 1857:pregnant 1845:abortion 1807:myrðrian 1777:Frankish 1617:homicide 1599:without 1530:Regicide 1525:Omnicide 1520:Genocide 1508:Femicide 1493:Democide 1467:Senicide 1416:Filicide 1201:Lynching 1088:Homicide 1005:Property 1000:Evidence 995:Defenses 944:Insanity 874:Sedition 828:Poaching 792:Regicide 744:Genocide 719:Apostasy 657:Mischief 593:Gambling 558:Burglary 442:Adultery 419:Stabbing 414:Stalking 397:Homicide 360:Menacing 340:Homicide 137:Mens rea 120:Elements 35:reviewed 9941:Attempt 9783:Perjury 9749:justice 9717:Treason 9660:smoking 9656:alcohol 9623:Dueling 9608:Begging 9556:Robbery 9536:Looting 9531:Larceny 9511:Forgery 9481:Bribery 9444:Torture 9429:Robbery 9401:Murder 9389: ( 9342:Frameup 9312:Battery 9307:Assault 9241:Summary 9219:Classes 9156:Outline 9104:Suicide 8744:Inquest 8711:Coroner 8603:Saṃsāra 8571:Midwife 8556:Funeral 8531:Customs 8504:Carrion 8203:Karoshi 8016:Autopsy 7896:Anoikis 6859:22 July 6829:22 July 6248:3382001 6032:7234816 6009:Bibcode 5242:1122334 4969:(1994). 4404:(2002). 3757:Romania 3707:Germany 3697:Finland 3687:Denmark 3221:Corsica 3187:Slavery 3173:samurai 3141:Thuggee 3129:Fatimid 3125:Abbasid 3117:Ismaili 3061:20:2–17 3027:in lieu 2976:In the 2945:poverty 2218:General 1953:suicide 1799:murther 1795:burthen 1780:*murþra 1733:*mr̥tós 1706:*murþrą 1591:is the 1535:Stoning 1488:Deicide 1033:Portals 1024:estates 956: ( 954:Mistake 939:Infancy 907:Consent 859:Treason 776:smoking 772:alcohol 739:Dueling 724:Begging 698:Perjury 628:Robbery 608:Looting 603:Larceny 583:Forgery 553:Bribery 424:Torture 409:Robbery 367: ( 320:Frameup 290:Battery 285:Assault 247:Attempt 10031:Crimes 10026:Murder 9996:Portal 9871:Incest 9846:Bigamy 9671:Piracy 9658:, and 9541:Payola 9405:felony 9397:Mayhem 9251:Hybrid 9236:Felony 9057:Martyr 8793:Fields 8754:Murder 8670:Séance 8640:Ghosts 8524:Tukdam 8392:Burial 8274:Stages 7958:Eschar 7613: 7592: 7528: 6771: 6484: 6457: 6350: 6281: 6246: 6228:Leiden 6199: 6172: 6141: 6097: 6039: 6029: 5964: 5728: 5684: 5496:: 51. 5322:(NSW) 5240: 5133:22 May 5103: 5095: 5060:22 May 4854: 4719: 4416:Crabbe 4301: 4248: 4000:, in: 3967: 3907: 3843: 3767:Sweden 3762:Russia 3742:Norway 3722:Israel 3702:France 3672:Canada 3667:Brazil 3499:Boston 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3149:Aztecs 3133:Seljuq 3084:Qur'an 3068:5:6–21 3058:Exodus 2723:murder 2563:1996. 2483:Under 2367:corpse 2361:Victim 2231:; see 2153: 2138:parole 2032:cannot 2004:(the " 2002:felony 1849:foetus 1803:mordre 1793:(from 1791:burden 1773:murdre 1744:*murþą 1729:myrþra 1717:morðor 1626:malice 1605:excuse 1589:Murder 1385:Family 1095:Murder 1020:trusts 958:of law 922:Duress 787:Piracy 774:, and 613:Payola 472:Incest 447:Bigamy 385:felony 380:Murder 375:Mayhem 208:Felony 9703:state 9652:drugs 9571:Theft 9516:Fraud 9466:Arson 9199:crime 9123:] 9097:human 8863:Other 8807:] 8679:Legal 8620:Vigil 8561:Grief 8109:Lists 7816:Death 7559:(PDF) 7548:(PDF) 7481:(PDF) 7474:(PDF) 7290:(PDF) 7283:(PDF) 7234:(PDF) 7227:(PDF) 7200:(PDF) 7193:(PDF) 7169:(PDF) 7162:(PDF) 7063:(PDF) 7056:(PDF) 7032:(PDF) 7025:(PDF) 7001:(PDF) 6994:(PDF) 6755:(PDF) 6748:(PDF) 6244:JSTOR 6226:(2). 5943:(PDF) 5930:(PDF) 5887: 5573:(PDF) 5501:(PDF) 5486:(PDF) 5238:JSTOR 5101:S2CID 4823:(PDF) 4816:(PDF) 4511:(3). 4435: 4419: 4178:(PDF) 3784:Notes 3727:Italy 3717:India 3677:China 3425:Espoo 3193:slave 3080:Islam 3007:Papua 2970:Thugs 2334:caste 2278:with 2169:moord 2129:crime 2108:, or 2034:be a 1737:Latin 1696:*mer- 1675:, or 1667:, or 1637:, or 1597:human 1475:Other 1016:Wills 1010:Torts 768:drugs 643:Theft 588:Fraud 538:Arson 86:, by 9896:Rape 8784:Will 8265:Body 8235:RAMR 7891:AICD 7729:2017 7695:2017 7639:2021 7611:ISBN 7590:ISBN 7526:ISBN 7456:2017 7423:2017 7393:2017 6922:2017 6891:2017 6861:2019 6831:2019 6769:ISBN 6700:2017 6584:Zeit 6565:2017 6510:2021 6482:ISBN 6455:ISBN 6348:ISBN 6279:ISBN 6197:ISBN 6170:ISBN 6158:Envy 6139:PMID 6037:PMID 5982:link 5962:ISBN 5889:U.S. 5778:2017 5744:See 5726:ISBN 5682:ISBN 5509:2017 5468:2017 5361:See 5348:See 5335:See 5306:See 5135:2016 5093:ISSN 5062:2016 4935:2016 4852:ISBN 4770:see 4717:ISBN 4609:2017 4579:2017 4414:R v 4365:2017 4334:link 4299:ISBN 4266:link 4246:ISBN 4119:2016 4089:2016 4058:2019 4026:2017 3978:2017 3965:ISBN 3918:2017 3905:ISBN 3885:2017 3854:2017 3841:ISBN 3747:Peru 3682:Cuba 3419:The 3400:here 3348:lead 3285:The 3145:Kali 3135:and 3063:and 3048:The 2994:Nuer 2982:Cain 2906:and 2871:Loot 2849:Love 2840:Lust 2444:and 2427:and 2348:and 2088:and 1757:The 1752:Mord 1748:morþ 1740:mors 1022:and 497:Rape 226:(or 210:(or 10010:Law 8038:DOA 7343:IPS 7341:". 6726:doi 6669:by 6236:doi 6162:doi 6129:doi 6068:doi 6027:PMC 6017:doi 5892:451 5885:532 5494:101 5258:"). 5230:doi 5085:doi 4844:"5" 4441:CLR 4425:CLR 4395:154 3580:or 3423:in 3403:). 3219:In 3078:In 2748:of 2713:or 2701:in 1915:to 1759:-d- 1754:). 1347:War 1041:Law 37:on 10022:: 9654:, 9583:, 9121:ca 8805:pt 7719:. 7715:. 7703:^ 7673:^ 7554:. 7442:. 7431:^ 7409:. 7215:^ 6968:. 6964:. 6908:. 6881:. 6877:. 6847:. 6817:. 6792:. 6788:. 6720:. 6708:^ 6686:. 6647:^ 6630:. 6626:. 6555:. 6549:. 6421:86 6419:. 6415:. 6302:. 6242:. 6230:: 6224:14 6222:. 6168:. 6137:. 6107:^ 6089:. 6064:22 6062:. 6058:. 6035:. 6025:. 6015:. 6005:15 6003:. 5999:. 5978:}} 5974:{{ 5938:. 5932:. 5917:^ 5883:, 5857:. 5828:. 5799:. 5795:. 5764:. 5652:. 5627:. 5589:. 5548:. 5530:. 5526:. 5492:. 5488:. 5454:. 5409:. 5387:. 5299:^ 5271:. 5236:. 5226:85 5224:. 5194:. 5164:. 5121:. 5099:. 5091:. 5081:13 5079:. 5052:. 5046:. 4958:, 4946:^ 4937:. 4925:. 4921:. 4860:. 4846:. 4786:. 4749:. 4745:. 4679:. 4626:. 4595:. 4569:. 4565:. 4540:. 4536:. 4509:22 4507:. 4503:. 4474:. 4351:. 4330:}} 4326:{{ 4274:^ 4262:}} 4258:{{ 4232:^ 4194:. 4159:. 4155:. 4136:. 4109:. 4105:. 4079:. 4075:. 4048:. 4044:. 3936:. 3875:. 3871:. 3509:, 3501:, 3223:, 3211:. 3131:, 3127:, 3038:BC 2822:. 2721:, 2508:: 2407:, 2318:). 2304:). 2104:, 2096:. 1831:, 1679:. 1663:, 1659:, 1641:. 1018:, 770:, 655:, 92:c. 90:, 33:, 9998:: 9662:) 9393:) 9190:e 9183:t 9176:v 7808:e 7801:t 7794:v 7731:. 7697:. 7667:. 7641:. 7619:. 7571:" 7511:" 7458:. 7425:. 7395:. 7369:. 7330:" 7320:. 7299:. 7268:. 7243:. 7209:. 7178:. 7147:. 7122:. 7097:. 7072:. 7041:. 7010:. 6979:. 6949:. 6924:. 6893:. 6863:. 6833:. 6803:. 6732:. 6728:: 6722:6 6702:. 6641:. 6611:. 6567:. 6522:" 6512:. 6490:. 6463:. 6381:. 6356:. 6331:. 6306:. 6287:. 6250:. 6238:: 6205:. 6178:. 6164:: 6145:. 6131:: 6125:7 6101:. 6074:. 6070:: 6043:. 6019:: 6011:: 5984:) 5970:. 5868:. 5851:" 5839:. 5822:" 5810:. 5780:. 5734:. 5690:. 5663:. 5638:. 5613:. 5599:. 5575:. 5558:. 5511:. 5470:. 5440:. 5365:. 5352:. 5339:. 5310:. 5293:. 5244:. 5232:: 5209:. 5179:. 5137:. 5107:. 5087:: 5064:. 5018:. 4906:. 4832:. 4801:. 4760:. 4731:. 4694:. 4655:. 4630:. 4611:. 4581:. 4551:. 4522:. 4460:. 4447:. 4367:. 4336:) 4307:. 4268:) 4254:. 4204:. 4180:. 4140:. 4121:. 4091:. 4060:. 4028:. 3980:. 3920:. 3887:. 3856:. 3800:. 3584:. 2873:: 2864:: 2851:: 2842:: 2705:) 2235:. 2148:( 2081:. 1987:, 1939:. 1577:e 1570:t 1563:v 1068:e 1061:t 1054:v 960:) 778:) 371:) 230:) 214:) 76:. 67:. 60:. 41:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index