680:. The other party, Thomas Gibbons, had obtained a federal permit under the Coastal Licensing Act to perform the same task. The Supreme Court upheld the federal permit. John Marshall wrote, "The nullity of an act, inconsistent with the Constitution, is produced by the declaration, that the Constitution is the supreme law. The appropriate application of that part of the clause which confers the same supremacy on laws and treaties, is to such acts of the State legislatures as do not transcend their powers, but though enacted in the execution of acknowledged State powers, interfere with, or are contrary to the laws of Congress, made in pursuance of the Constitution, or some treaty made under the authority of the United States. In every such case, the act of Congress, or the treaty, is supreme; and the law of the State, though enacted in the exercise of powers not controverted, must yield to it."
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the constitutional laws enacted by
Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the general government." United States property is wholly immune to state taxation, as are government activities and institutions. Congress may explicitly provide immunity from taxation in certain cases, for instance by immunizing a federal contractor. Federal employees, however, may not be immunized from taxes, as the tax would not in any way impede government activities.
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accepted, not attempted to exercise the functions of any office whatever, under any authority or pretended authority in hostility to the United States; that I have not yielded a voluntary support to any pretended government, authority, power, or constitution with the United States, hostile or inimical thereto...
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I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the
Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that
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The
Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be
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But if this election is decided on the basis that 40 million
Americans lost their chance of being President on the day they were baptized, then it is the whole nation that will be the loser, in the eyes of Catholics and non-Catholics around the world, in the eyes of history, and in the eyes of our
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I do not speak for my church on public matters; and the church does not speak for me. Whatever issue may come before me as
President, if I should be elected, on birth control, divorce, censorship, gambling or any other subject, I will make my decision in accordance with these views – in accordance
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I, A. B., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I have never voluntarily borne arms against the United States since I have been a citizen thereof; that I have voluntarily given no aid, countenance, counsel, or encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility thereto; that I have neither sought nor
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had levied a tax on banks not chartered by the state; the tax applied, state judges ruled, to the Bank of the United States chartered by
Congress in 1816. Marshall wrote that "the States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control, the operations of
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But if the time should ever come – and I do not concede any conflict to be remotely possible – when my office would require me to either violate my conscience or violate the national interest, then I would resign the office; and I hope any other conscientious public servant would do likewise.
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This
Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the
650:, who had previously declared a Supreme Court decision unconstitutional and refused to permit the state courts to abide by it. The Court upheld the Judiciary Act, which permitted it to hear appeals from state courts, on the grounds that Congress had passed it under the supremacy clause.
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Congress may not require religious tests for an office under the United States. Thus, Congress may include the customary words "so help me God" in an oath, but an individual would be under no compulsion to utter them, as such a requirement would constitute a religious test.
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either do I look with favor upon those who would work to subvert
Article VI of the Constitution by requiring a religious test, even by indirection. For if they disagree with that safeguard, they should be openly working to repeal it.
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636:) was influential in construing the supremacy clause. It first ruled that it had the power to review the decisions of state courts allegedly in conflict with the supreme law, claims of "state sovereignty" notwithstanding. In
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During the 1960 presidential campaign, the issue of whether the nation would for the first time elect a
Catholic to the highest office in the land raised the specter of an implicit, but no less effective, religious test.
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with what my conscience tells me to be in the national interest, and without regard to outside religious pressure or dictates. And no power or threat of punishment could cause me to decide otherwise.
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But I do not intend to apologize for these views to my critics of either
Catholic or Protestant faith; nor do I intend to disavow either my views or my church in order to win this election.
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All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
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Clause two provides that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority constitute the supreme law of the land. It provides that
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If I should lose on the real issues, I shall return to my seat in the Senate, satisfied that I'd tried my best and was fairly judged.
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I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter.
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781:. . . ontrary to common newspaper usage, I am not the Catholic candidate for President.
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I am the Democratic Party's candidate for President who happens also to be a Catholic.
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to support the Constitution. Congress may determine the form of such an oath. In
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The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation.
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Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
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on 12 September 1960, addressed the question directly, saying,
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Qur'an oath controversy of the 110th United States Congress
659:(1819) was a significant case in this regard. The state of
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Oath of office of the vice president of the United States
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821:"The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription"
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Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association
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856:Kilman, Johnny and George Costello (Eds). (2000).
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2119:James Wilson
2082:Pennsylvania
1979:John Langdon
1737:Speedy Trial
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1470:Appointments
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1187:Equal Rights
1083:20th century
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15:
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2160:Jacob Broom
2140:George Read
2014:Connecticut
1948:Signatories
1798:Legislative
1772:Territorial
1692:Presentment
1677:Origination
1632:Impeachment
1587:Extradition
1555:Engagements
1545:Due Process
1495:Citizenship
1182:Child Labor
802:own people.
724:affirmation
536:Article Six
347:Child Labor
50:introducing
2419:Categories
2392:(painting)
2344:and legacy
2202:John Blair
2051:New Jersey
2005:Rufus King
1903:Preemption
1817:War Powers
1752:Suspension
1570:Exceptions
1260:Human Life
1159:Unratified
959:Amendments
807:References
700:See also:
398:Federalism
386:Convention
58:March 2015
33:references
1913:Saxbe fix
1802:Executive
1757:Take Care
1747:Supremacy
1622:Guarantee
1550:Elections
1321:Formation
1034:1795–1804
769:, in his
607:Supremacy
425:Full text
2195:Virginia
2169:Maryland
2133:Delaware
2035:New York
1812:Vicinage
1806:Judicial
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1500:Commerce
1388:Printing
1202:Proposed
914:Preamble
907:Articles
710:Test Act
674:New York
661:Maryland
644:Virginia
548:treaties
120:Preamble
85:a series
2342:Display
2314:Related
2273:Georgia
1794:Vesting
1762:Takings
1647:Militia
1505:Compact
1457:Clauses
1383:Signing
1328:History
584:Clauses
550:of the
538:of the
391:Signing
369:History
46:improve
2400:(film)
1784:Treaty
1687:Postal
1682:Pardon
712:, and
342:Corwin
87:on the
35:, but
696:Oaths
589:Debts
314:XXVII
294:XXIII
267:XVIII
720:oath
566:Text
546:and
544:laws
309:XXVI
299:XXIV
287:XXII
260:XVII
240:XIII
213:VIII
949:VII
929:III
746:law
722:or
304:XXV
282:XXI
272:XIX
255:XVI
245:XIV
235:XII
208:VII
188:III
158:VII
138:III
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