Psychological warfare

2157: 82: 2900:, was a Vietnamese radio personality. She made English-language broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at United States troops. During the Vietnam War, Ngọ became famous among US soldiers for her propaganda broadcasts on Radio Hanoi. Her scripts were written by the North Vietnamese Army and were intended to frighten and shame the soldiers into leaving their posts. She made three broadcasts a day, reading a list of newly killed or imprisoned Americans, and playing popular US anti-war songs in an effort to incite feelings of nostalgia and homesickness, attempting to persuade US GIs that the US involvement in the Vietnam War was unjust and immoral. A typical broadcast began as follows: 3531: 2741: 34: 2915: 2862: 3082: 2818: 3200:(the predecessor to the American CIA) and in his book, attempts to analyze how effective the various strategies were. He concludes that there is little evidence that any of them were dramatically successful, except perhaps surrender instructions over loudspeakers when victory was imminent. Measuring the success or failure of psychological warfare is very hard, as the conditions are very far from being a controlled experiment. 2352: 3547: 3640: 3597:, responsible for Covert Action and "Special Activities". These special activities include covert political influence (which includes psychological operations) and paramilitary operations. SAC's political influence group is the only US unit allowed to conduct these operations covertly and is considered the primary unit in this area. 3258:, terrorism weakens the sense of security and disturbs daily life, damaging the target country's capability to function. Terrorism is a strategy that aims to influence public opinion into pressuring leaders to give in to the terrorists' demands, and the population becomes a tool to advance the political agenda. 2223:

destruction if they refused to surrender. If they had to fight to take the settlement, the Mongol generals fulfilled their threats and massacred the survivors. Tales of the encroaching horde spread to the next villages and created an aura of insecurity that undermined the possibility of future resistance.

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In March 2019, it emerged that the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) of the UK's Ministry of Defence (MoD) is tendering to arms companies and universities for £70M worth of assistance under a project to develop new methods of psychological warfare. The project is known as the human and

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Lerner says grey and black operations ultimately have a heavy cost, in that the target population sooner or later recognizes them as propaganda and discredits the source. He writes, "This is one of the few dogmas advanced by Sykewarriors that is likely to endure as an axiom of propaganda: Credibility

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was greatly influenced by the psychological tactics of warfare the British had employed during World War I, and attributed the defeat of Germany to the effects this propaganda had on the soldiers. He became committed to the use of mass propaganda to influence the minds of the German population in the

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Genghis Khan also employed tactics that made his numbers seem greater than they actually were. During night operations he ordered each soldier to light three torches at dusk to give the illusion of an overwhelming army and deceive and intimidate enemy scouts. He also sometimes had objects tied to the

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A U.S. Army field manual released in January 2013 states that "Inform and Influence Activities" are critical for describing, directing, and leading military operations. Several Army Division leadership staff are assigned to “planning, integration and synchronization of designated information-related

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also plans and executes limited PSYOP missions. United States PSYOP units and soldiers of all branches of the military are prohibited by law from targeting U.S. citizens with PSYOP within the borders of the United States (Executive Order S-1233, DOD Directive S-3321.1, and National Security Decision

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loyalists, as well as flex its economic and military muscle to persuade other nations to act in the Chinese government's interests. The Chinese government also tries to control the media to keep a tight hold on propaganda efforts for its people. The Chinese government also utilizes cognitive warfare

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How are you, GI Joe? It seems to me that most of you are poorly informed about the going of the war, to say nothing about a correct explanation of your presence over here. Nothing is more confused than to be ordered into a war to die or to be maimed for life without the faintest idea of what's going

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In operations in the South and East China Seas, both the United States and China have been engaged in "cognitive warfare", which involves displays of force, staged photographs and sharing disinformation. The start of the public use of "cognitive warfare" as a clear movement occurred in 2013 with

2833:" anti-espionage operation had proven very successful from the outset of the war, and the LCS was able to use double agents to send back misleading information about Allied invasion plans. The use of visual deception, including mock tanks and other military hardware had been developed during the 2222:

in the 13th century AD employed less subtle techniques. Defeating the will of the enemy before having to attack and reaching a consented settlement was preferable to facing his wrath. The Mongol generals demanded submission to the Khan and threatened the initially captured villages with complete

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discusses psychological warfare as a common peace policy practice between nations as a form of indirect aggression. This type of propaganda drains the public opinion of an opposing regime by stripping away its power on public opinion. This form of aggression is hard to defend against because no

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and held on to his territorial gains by co-opting local elites into the Greek administration and culture. Alexander left some of his men behind in each conquered city to introduce Greek culture and oppress dissident views. His soldiers were paid dowries to marry locals in an effort to encourage

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psychological warfare capacities. Deployed in particular to Mali and Afghanistan, its missions "consist in better explaining and accepting the action of French forces in operation with local actors and thus gaining their trust: direct aid to the populations, management of reconstruction sites,

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At the start of the war, the French government took control of the media to suppress negative coverage. Only in 1916, with the establishment of the Maison de la Presse, did they begin to use similar tactics for the purpose of psychological warfare. One of its sections was the "Service de la

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plan of invasion of Czechoslovakia had a large part dealing with psychological warfare aimed both at the Czechoslovak civilians and government as well as, crucially, at Czechoslovakia's allies. It became successful to the point that Germany gained support of UK and France through

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in an influence operation in Central Asia and the Middle East. Their posts, primarily in Arabic, Farsi and Russian, criticized Iran, China and Russia and gave pro-Western narratives. Data suggested the activity was a series of covert campaigns rather than a single operation.

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Mass communication such as radio allows for direct communication with an enemy populace, and therefore has been used in many efforts. Social media channels and the internet allow for campaigns of disinformation and misinformation performed by agents anywhere in the world.

3485:). The Psychological Operations Group comprises over 150 personnel, approximately 75 from the regular Armed Services and 75 from the Reserves. The Group supports deployed commanders in the provision of psychological operations in operational and tactical environments. 3358:

is responsible for PSYOP efforts. The center is subordinate to the Cyber and Information Domain Service branch alongside multiple IT and Electronic Warfare battalions and consists of around 1000 soldiers. One project of the German PSYOP forces is the radio station

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caught German defences unaware. Continuing deception, portraying the landings as a diversion from a forthcoming main invasion in the Calais region, led Hitler into delaying transferring forces from Calais to the real battleground for nearly seven weeks.

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tails of his horses, so that riding on open and dry fields raised a cloud of dust that gave the enemy the impression of great numbers. His soldiers used arrows specially notched to whistle as they flew through the air, creating a terrifying noise.

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This ruse appears to have been well known in medieval Europe: defenders in castles or towns under siege would throw food from the walls to show besiegers that provisions were plentiful. A famous example occurs in the 8th-century legend of

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Another tactic favored by the Mongols was catapulting severed human heads over city walls to frighten the inhabitants and spread disease in the besieged city's closed confines. This was especially used by the later Turko-Mongol chieftain.

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is a condition of persuasion. Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say." Consistent with this idea, the Allied strategy in World War II was predominantly one of truth (with certain exceptions).

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campaign through several radio stations which were designed to be popular with German troops while at the same time introducing news material that would weaken their morale under a veneer of authenticity. British Prime Minister

2756:, and the London Controlling Section, chartered in 1942 under the control of John Bevan. Clarke pioneered many of the strategies of military deception. His ideas for combining fictional orders of battle, visual deception and 2319:

had his relief force return to the city by night while playing marching music and carrying torches in loose formations, so they would appear to be a much larger army to any nearby enemy. They reached the city unopposed.

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covertly manipulating online communities. This is in line with JTRIG's goal: to "destroy, deny, degrade disrupt" enemies by "discrediting" them, planting misinformation and shutting down their communications.

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by fattening up a pair of mules and driving them out of the besieged city. When Alyattes' envoy was then sent to Priene, Bias had piles of sand covered with wheat to give the impression of plentiful resources.

2806:) were undertaken in the English Channel. Small ships and aircraft simulated invasion fleets lying off Pas de Calais, Cap d'Antifer and the western flank of the real invasion force. At the same time 2737:

made use of radio broadcasts for propaganda against the Germans. Churchill favoured deception; he said "In wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.".

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actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives."

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set out a general strategy to mislead German high command as to the date and location of the invasion, which was obviously going to happen. Planning began in 1943 under the auspices of the

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During World War II, the British made extensive use of deception – developing many new techniques and theories. The main protagonists at this time were 'A' Force, set up in 1940 under

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against the Swedes. Although probably apocryphal, he apparently succeeded in making his small force appear larger and feed disinformation to his opponents, similar to the Operations

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that maintained good relations with many nations around the world, in contrast to the reputation of the German services. While German attempts to foment revolution in parts of the

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had distributed almost 26 million leaflets. The Germans began shooting the leaflet-dropping pilots, prompting the British to develop unmanned leaflet balloons that drifted across

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actions of communication of influence with the population, elites and local elected officials". The center has capacities for analysis, influence, expertise and instruction.

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Holzmann, Ashley F. "Artists of War: A History of United States Propaganda, Psychological Warfare, Psychological Operations and a Proposal for Its Ever-Changing Future."

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was appointed Director of Propaganda in Enemy Countries. The department was split between propaganda against Germany organized by H.G Wells, and propaganda against the

2081:. The term is used "to denote any action which is practiced mainly by psychological methods with the aim of evoking a planned psychological reaction in other people". 5138: 2475:. Over 1,160 pamphlets were published during the war and distributed to neutral countries, and eventually, to Germany. One of the first significant publications, the 2188:, the Persian forces used cats and other animals as a psychological tactic against the Egyptians, who avoided harming cats due to religious belief and superstitions. 8610: 4738: 5964: 3031:

found that over five years people associated with the U.S. military, who tried to conceal their identities, created fake accounts on social media systems including

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decades to come. By calling his movement The Third Reich, he was able to convince many civilians that his cause was not just a fad, but the way of their future.

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Most of these techniques were developed during World War II or earlier, and have been used to some degree in every conflict since. Daniel Lerner was in the

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Doob, Leonard W. "The Strategies Of Psychological Warfare." Public Opinion Quarterly 13.4 (1949): 635–644. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 20 February 2015.

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weapon to influence the mind of the enemy. The weapons are psychological only in the effect they produce and not because of the weapons themselves." The

3429:(IDF). The IDF's psyops account had been the source of a number of noteworthy reports that were afterwards cited by the Israeli and international media. 2559:. At least one in seven of these leaflets were not handed in by the soldiers to their superiors, despite severe penalties for that offence. Even General 5519: 3628:

In September 2022, the DoD launched an audit of covert information warfare after social media companies identified a suspected U.S. military operation.

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Directive 130). While United States Army PSYOP units may offer non-PSYOP support to domestic military missions, they can only target foreign audiences.

8453: 4238: 4816: 8426: 7978: 4599: 2889:) personnel and terrorizing any potential sympathizers or passive supporters. During the Phoenix Program, over 19,000 NLF supporters were killed. In 4789: 8321: 5704: 5098:

Hung, Tzu-Chieh; Hung, Tzu-Wei (2022-07-19). "How China's Cognitive Warfare Works: A Frontline Perspective of Taiwan's Anti-Disinformation Wars".

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From "Overall Strategic Plan for the United States' Psychological Warfare, " 1 March 1943, JCS Records, Strategic Issues, Reel 11. Quoted in

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The term psychological warfare is believed to have migrated from Germany to the United States in 1941. During World War II, the United States

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At the start of the war, the belligerents, especially the British and Germans, began distributing propaganda, both domestically and on the

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This definition indicates that a critical element of the U.S. psychological operations capabilities includes propaganda and by extension

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The British were one of the first major military powers to use psychological warfare in the First and Second World Wars. In the current

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The Vietcong and their forces also used a program of psychological warfare during this war. Trịnh Thị Ngọ, also known as Thu Hương and

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helped define Allied deception strategy during the war, for which he has been referred to as "the greatest British deceiver of WW2".

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Since prehistoric times, warlords and chiefs have recognized the importance of weakening the morale of their opponents. According to

3925:"What's in a Name? Psychological Operations versus Military Information Support Operations and an Analysis of Organizational Change" 7527: 6299: 3525: 3474: 2070: 1005: 5941: 5209: 2787:, faked operations to prepare the ground for invasion and "leaked" misinformation about the Allied order of battle and war plans. 2257:

was used to trick the enemy into believing that an empty location was an ambush, in order to prevent them from attacking it using

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international court of justice is capable of protecting against psychological aggression since it cannot be legally adjudicated.

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Romano Jr., James A.; King, James M. (2002). "Chemical warfare and chemical terrorism: psychological and performance outcomes".

2296:, Spanish captain Hernán Pérez del Pulgar routinely employed psychological tactics as part of his guerrilla actions against the 8376: 8029: 3582:. Joint Publication 3–53 establishes specific policy to use public affairs mediums to counter propaganda from foreign origins. 3099: 5448: 4835: 3492:, has since grown significantly in size to meet operational requirements, and since 2015 has been one of the sub-units of the 8310: 5597: 5399:

Jolly, Stephen (October 2000). Minshall, David (ed.). "Wearing the Stag's Head Badge: British Combat Propaganda since 1945".

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Projecting repetitive and disturbing noises and music for long periods at high volume towards groups under siege like during

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tactics. It is also used to destroy the morale of enemies through tactics that aim to depress troops' psychological states.

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figure for the redemption of Germany. Hitler also coupled this with the resonating projections of his orations for effect.

4686: 8580: 7983: 7790: 1788: 81: 2300:. In 1490, infiltrating the city by night with a small retinue of soldiers, he nailed a letter of challenge on the main 8486: 8051: 5343: 5100: 4432: 4405: 1983: 1761: 376: 4712: 8268: 7881: 5793: 5768: 5753: 5039: 4995: 4267: 4109: 3121: 1437: 5833: 2841:; in particular, dummy landing craft were stockpiled to give the impression that the invasion would take place near 8821: 8166: 7011: 6955: 5997: 3990: 2451:

at Wellington House. A distinguished body of literary talent was enlisted for the task, with its members including

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on a wide scale. Analysts have found evidence of doctored or misleading photographs spread by social media in the

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Currying favor with supporters was the other side of psychological warfare, and an early practitioner of this was

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by delivering unlicensed TV broadcasts. The United States government has used propaganda broadcasts against the

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The deceptions were implemented with the use of double agents, radio traffic and visual deception. The British "

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was intended to convince the Germans of a greater Allied military strength than was the case, through fictional

8876: 8851: 8649: 8622: 8559: 8078: 5615:"Glossary of Relevant Terms & Acronyms Propaganda and Psychological Warfare Studies University of Leeds UK" 5282: 3847: 3825: 3103: 2600:, which had been heavily edited in the German newspapers, was distributed via airborne leaflets by the French. 2112:

or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives, and are sometimes combined with

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Executive Secrets: Covert Action and the Presidency, William J. Daugherty, University of Kentucky Press, 2004.

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Psychological warfare; an introduction to ideological propaganda and the techniques of psychological warfare

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psychological operations is to induce or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to US objectives. The

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were slow to use these techniques; however, at the start of the war the Germans succeeded in inducing the

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admitted to being disillusioned by the propaganda leaflets that depicted the use of German troops as mere

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Song, Tae Eun. "Information/Psychological Warfare in the Russia-Ukraine War: Overview and Implications."

5161: 4587: 3830: 3482: 2717: 2517: 2390: 2379: 2196: 2177: 1988: 1175: 977: 848: 386: 5917: 2485:, both actual and alleged, committed by the German army against Belgian civilians. A Dutch illustrator, 8776: 8206: 7649: 7562: 7063: 4630: 3744: 3605: 3563: 3453: 3282: 2772: 1452: 3008:(IW) on social networking platforms to regulate foreign propaganda, which includes countries like the 2285:, who supposedly persuaded the Franks to abandon a five-year siege by this means and gave her name to 8861: 8693: 8669: 7733: 7399: 7344: 6716: 6077: 3876: 3590: 3425:

purportedly dedicated to "Arab affairs", was actually run by a Jewish Israeli paid consultant to the

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is an organization made up of 300 soldiers whose mission is to assure to the four service arm of the

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Controversial GCHQ Unit Engaged in Domestic Law Enforcement, Online Propaganda, Psychology Research

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to occupy Czechoslovakia without having to fight an all-out war, sustaining only minimum losses in

2261:. This tactic also relied on luck, should the enemy believe that the location is a threat to them. 2069:), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations ( 2013: 1880: 1427: 1120: 938: 786: 5974: 5061:

Chung, Youngjune (2021-07-05). "Allusion, reasoning and luring in Chinese psychological warfare".

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The Wisdom of Alexander the Great: Enduring Leadership Lessons From the Man Who Created an Empire

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Article has detailed analysis of development, risks, and countering of brain-centred techniques.

4539: 3546: 8404: 8366: 8331: 8056: 7797: 7713: 7444: 7414: 7364: 7289: 7202: 6633: 6329: 5929: 4739:"Meta Report: US Military Behind Online Influence Campaign Targeting Central Asia, Middle East" 3881: 3769: 3689: 3442: 2791: 2775:(LCS). A draft strategy, referred to as Plan Jael, was presented to Allied high command at the 2740: 1833: 1808: 1530: 1442: 1315: 1190: 791: 768: 214: 113: 20: 4422: 4326: 2401:

system then in operation. These capabilities were easily transitioned to the task of warfare.

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Voloshin, Nikolay, and Leyla Garaybeli. "Putin's Psychological Warfare in Ukraine and Syria"

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in the mouth of the deceased as a calling card, with the aim of striking fear into the enemy.

4395: 4099: 3835: 3555: 3426: 3301: 2834: 2589:". The French tended to distribute leaflets of images only, although the full publication of 2529: 2209: 1422: 1355: 1308: 962: 925: 888: 806: 642: 452: 260: 169: 8468: 8036: 7369: 7279: 7041: 6867: 6658: 6608: 6344: 6339: 6309: 6172: 5845: 5301: 4448: 3684: 3674: 3470: 3289:'s military strategy. This type of warfare is rooted in the Chinese Stratagems outlined by 3276: 2927: 2764: 2656: 2505: 1813: 1715: 1572: 1567: 1385: 1350: 1085: 905: 763: 699: 553: 523: 120: 42: 27: 4139: 3901: 3405:

government and its military make use of psychological warfare. In 2021, Israeli newspaper

8: 8856: 8796: 8531: 8361: 8149: 8066: 8003: 7753: 7469: 7299: 7274: 7224: 7168: 7135: 7070: 7056: 6827: 6817: 6774: 6545: 6372: 6334: 6230: 5254:"اسناد افشاشده خبرگزاری فارس: بهره‌برداری حکومت از جام‌جهانی برای مقابله با خیزش انقلابی" 4315:(1st ed.), Prague: Nakladatelství epocha, Pražská vydavatelská společnost, p. 9 3754: 3734: 3714: 3699: 3418: 3390: 3331: 3048: 3005: 2830: 2780: 2768: 2745: 2560: 2481:

of 1915, had a great effect on general opinion across the world. The pamphlet documented

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detailing their humane conditions, surrender notices and general propaganda against the

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had the dual aim of assassinating National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF or

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and posters. It was also possible to transmit propaganda to the enemy via the use of

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Wall, Tyler (18 August 2010). "U.S. Psychological Warfare and Civilian Targeting".

5283:"محتوای دو سند هک‌شده از خبرگزاری فارس: تهدید بازیکنان تیم ملی و استفاده از کی‌روش" 5109: 5072: 4934: 4894: 4557: 3679: 3219: 3207: 2997: 2729: 2713: 2706: 2652: 2581:

Propagande aérienne" (Aerial Propaganda Service), headed by Professor Tonnelat and

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Science of Coercion: Communication Research & Psychological Warfare, 1945–1960

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Psychological warfare against Nazi Germany: the Sykewar Campaign, D-Day to VE-Day

4761:"Unheard Voice: Evaluating five years of pro-Western covert influence operations" 4370: 4362: 4257: 4214: 3859: 3654: 3500: 3459: 3438: 3413: 3213: 2882: 2676: 2597: 2564: 2482: 2468: 2456: 2383: 2363: 2316: 1818: 1803: 1721: 1677: 1619: 1275: 1270: 1160: 1150: 1065: 1040: 982: 823: 753: 743: 595: 580: 503: 475: 275: 255: 103: 4290: 8644: 8526: 8154: 7807: 7587: 7577: 7540: 7536: 7374: 7284: 7269: 7214: 7150: 7100: 7082: 7046: 6857: 6721: 6706: 6668: 6648: 6585: 6424: 6399: 6304: 6187: 6167: 6122: 6100: 5934: 5779: 4883:

Boaz, Gaynor (April 2004). "Terrorism as a strategy of psychological warfare".

4635: 4569: 4239:"The Battle for the Mind: German and British Propaganda in the First World War" 3796: 3724: 3694: 3295: 3272: 3024: 2993: 2967: 2877:

The United States ran an extensive program of psychological warfare during the

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defined psychological warfare broadly, stating "Psychological warfare employs

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Various techniques are used, and are aimed at influencing a target audience's

26:"Psywar" redirects here. For the song by the Norwegian metal band Mayhem, see 8845: 8786: 8744: 8134: 7738: 7678: 7319: 7314: 6965: 6922: 6731: 6711: 6550: 6294: 6142: 6047: 5565: 5408: 5121: 5084: 4573: 4488: 3986: 3586: 3571: 3237: 3044: 3017: 2978: 2866: 2753: 2725: 2568: 2513: 2394: 2185: 1840: 1828: 1684: 1604: 1520: 1503: 1360: 1215: 1195: 878: 873: 853: 833: 748: 719: 694: 570: 548: 533: 508: 348: 270: 233: 228: 125: 5969: 5351: 5113: 3203:

Lerner also divides psychological warfare operations into three categories:

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Aerial leaflets were dropped over German trenches containing postcards from

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The Psychology of Terrorism: Clinical aspects and responses – Google Books

4898: 4479:(1981). "Eisenhower, the Intelligence Community, and the D-Day Invasion". 2814:

dropping fake paratroopers to the east and west of the Normandy landings.

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The start of modern psychological operations in war is generally dated to

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admitted that "Unsuspectingly, many thousands consumed the poison", and

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In 1574, having been informed about the pirate attacks previous to the

2136: 2124: 2117: 2078: 1895: 1865: 1587: 956: 8292: 4855:"Cognitive Warfare: The Forgotten War with Tanguy Struye de Swielande" 8801: 8791: 8510: 8201: 7723: 7639: 7614: 7609: 6996: 6663: 6643: 6618: 6497: 6469: 6382: 6319: 6205: 6067: 6037: 5982: 5922: 5889: 5520:"UK military turns to universities to research psychological warfare" 4975: 4561: 4553: 4175:

Artículos varios sobre etnografía: Historia y costumbres de Filipinas

3739: 3310: 3184: 3153: 3056: 3040: 3032: 2951: 2886: 2870: 2571:. In 1915, the British began airdropping a regular leaflet newspaper 2497: 2375: 2173: 2101: 1885: 1709: 1659: 1609: 1599: 1594: 1459: 1250: 1245: 1210: 652: 338: 305: 194: 3369:. Another is the publication of various newspapers and magazines in 3285:

analysts, attacking the enemy's mind is an important element of the

3081: 2861: 8826: 8816: 8712: 8541: 7389: 7254: 6794: 6570: 6394: 6377: 6314: 6177: 6095: 6087: 5496: 5423:"15 (United Kingdom) Psychological Operations Group: Annual Report" 4595: 3489: 3149: 3036: 2974: 2963: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2817: 2525: 2105: 1900: 1875: 1508: 1140: 1115: 733: 288: 162: 5786:

Psychological Warfare: International Propaganda and Communications

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Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

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Originally printed by George W. Stewart of New York. Alternative

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The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane

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or through explosive delivery systems like modified artillery or

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Churchill's Wizards: The British Genius for Deception, 1914–1945

3305:. In its dealings with its rivals, China is expected to utilize 2683:

when Hitler came to power in 1933, and he portrayed Hitler as a

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Psywarriors : psychological warfare during the Korean War

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D-Day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion

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D-Day Deception: Operation Fortitude and the Normandy Invasion

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British Propaganda in the Twentieth Century: Selling Democracy

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Hostile Influence and Emerging Cognitive Threats in Cyberspace

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IWS Psychological Operations (PsyOps) / Influence Operations

2954:. The CIA used psychological warfare techniques against the 7718: 6359: 4053:(Report). Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies. 3539: 3508: 3389:

The Iranian government had an operation program to use the

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campaign to psychologically maim and break the will of the

2959: 2552: 2528:. It had a significant effect on the final collapse of the 2235: 189: 184: 4713:"Revealed: US spy operation that manipulates social media" 2744:

Map depicting the targets of all the subordinate plans of

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The Institute of Heraldry — Psychological Operations

5900: 5493:"Snowden Docs: British Spies Used Sex and 'Dirty Tricks'" 4565: 3593:(SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency's 3478: 2939: 2811: 2720:

to produce and distribute propaganda. Through the use of

62: 4659:"Countering Disinformation: Russia's Infowar in Ukraine" 4560:

government promoted NLF defections. When members of the

3365:(Sada-e Azadi, Voice of Freedom), heard by thousands of 2424:

allowed the British to successfully induce the Arabs to

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U.S. — PSYOP producing mid-eastern kids comic book

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Psywar : psychological warfare in Korea, 1950-1953

5188:"Le Centre interarmées des actions sur l'environnement" 4790:"US navy sends China the message: 'we're watching you'" 4836:"TikTok is part of China's cognitive warfare campaign" 3600:

Dedicated psychological operations units exist in the

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U.S. Army soldier hands out a newspaper to a local in

2623:. They also attempted to foment rebellion against the 7903:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

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The Group was established immediately after the 1991

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for civilians in German-occupied France and Belgium.

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Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

8100: 4588:"Vietnam-era propagandist 'Hanoi Hannah' dies at 87" 4313:

Boj o pohraničí: Sudetoněmecký Freikorps v roce 1938

4162:

Cincuenta personajes de Ciudad Real para la historia

3951:. United States: William-Frederick Press. p. 13 3635: 16:

Information operations to assist military objectives

5852:

Insights of Pakistan, Iran and the Caucasus Studies

4475: 4030:. United States: Vanderbilt University. p. 289 2934:. The caption reads "This is your future, Zarqawi". 7875:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 4967: 4453:The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939 to 1945 3566:(DoD) currently defines psychological warfare as: 3328:Centre interarmées des actions sur l'environnement 2918:An American PSYOP leaflet disseminated during the 8427:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 7979:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 5674: 5672: 5133: 5131: 4447: 4255: 4097: 3496:, formerly called the Security Assistance Group. 3393:as a psyop against concurrent people's protests. 3175:in World War II on the "Germany calling" station. 2504:, newspapers, magazines and the cinema. In 1918, 8843: 8322:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 5746:Frauds, Spies, and Lies – and How to Defeat Them 5648:Strategy Research Project, U.S. Army War College 5592:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 131. 5449:"British army creates team of Facebook warriors" 4886:Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 4361: 4027:U.S Psychological Warfare and Civilian Targeting 3972:"The Nature and Content of a New-Generation War" 2420:, were ineffective, extensive experience in the 5930:"U.S. Adapts Cold-War Idea to Fight Terrorists" 4101:Offense and Defense in the International System 5975:The Nature of Psychological Warfare (CIA 1958) 5669: 5446: 5128: 4961: 4959: 4922: 4135:Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers 2848:The Operation was a strategic success and the 2492:In 1917, the bureau was subsumed into the new 2364:atrocities committed against Belgian civilians 8635:Election denial movement in the United States 7521: 7176: 7061: 7012: 5998: 4501: 4420: 4393: 4131: 3550:U.S. Army loudspeaker team in action in Korea 3516:social sciences research capability (HSSRC). 3002:2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine 2035: 7080: 5811:The Psychological War for Vietnam, 1960–1968 5312: 5008:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes 4753: 4731: 4579: 3969: 3347: 3233:Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes 19:"Psyop" redirects here. For other uses, see 7855: 5820:The art of psychological warfare, 1914-1945 5696: 5612: 4956: 4427:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 108. 3156:or supply instructions on how to surrender. 8307:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 7528: 7514: 7183: 7169: 7019: 7005: 6005: 5991: 5918:"Pentagon psychological warfare operation" 5776:US Army Command and General Staff College, 5761:World War 3 ... Information Warfare Basics 5440: 5162:"PRC cognitive warfare targets Lai's trip" 5139:"Chinese Military – Psychological Warfare" 4585: 4400:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 70. 3923:Cowan, David; Cook, Chaveso (March 2018). 2724:, broadcasts could be made across Europe. 2042: 2028: 7190: 5702: 5688:"Pentagon gearing up to fight the PR war" 4509:. New York: Overlook Press. p. 238. 4441: 4337: 3922: 3570:"The planned use of propaganda and other 3138:refer to the following military methods: 3122:Learn how and when to remove this message 8660:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 5871:Psywar: The Real Battlefield is the Mind 5638: 5617:. University of Leeds UK. Archived from 5485: 5344:"15 (UK) Psychological Operations Group" 5097: 4833: 4529: 4455:. Australian National University Press. 4187: 4185: 4183: 4048: 3944: 3545: 3529: 3526:Psychological operations (United States) 3473:, PsyOps are handled by the tri-service 2913: 2860: 2816: 2739: 2350: 2155: 1006:List of military strategies and concepts 41:era leaflet meant to be dropped from an 32: 8459:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 5948:IWS — The Information Warfare Site 4469: 4213:Linebarger, Paul Myron Anthony (2006). 3981:. United States: Military Thought: 16. 3979:Military Theory Monthly = Voennaya Mysl 8844: 8586:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 8377:Soviet influence on the peace movement 7974:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 7026: 6012: 5703:Nakashima, Ellen (19 September 2022). 4965: 4310: 4304: 4104:. Transaction Publishers. p. 43. 2643:, free transit on a sealed train from 8733: 8311:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 8099: 8012: 7920: 7854: 7551: 7509: 7164: 7000: 5986: 5517: 5474:Greenwald, Glenn and Andrew Fishman. 5398: 5060: 5027: 4878: 4876: 4814: 4180: 3775:Peter Watson (intellectual historian) 3507:group at British intelligence agency 3499:In June 2015, NSA files published by 2253:dynasty in 1st century AD China, the 5901:The history of psychological warfare 5657:from the original on 10 October 2017 5543: 5280: 5159: 4882: 4741:. Voice of America. 24 November 2022 4346: 4023: 3104:adding citations to reliable sources 3075: 8581:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 7791:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 5588:Robert H. Keyserlingk (July 1990). 4173:Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, 3377:, where German soldiers serve with 3171:Propaganda radio stations, such as 13: 8867:Information operations and warfare 8052:Misinformation related to abortion 5552:(3). Informa UK Limited: 288–294. 5447:Ewan MacAskill (31 January 2015). 5101:Journal of Global Security Studies 4873: 4815:Chung, Lawrence (5 January 2021). 4602:from the original on 9 August 2019 2061:), or the basic aspects of modern 14: 8903: 8892:Warfare of the late modern period 8269:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 7882:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 5862: 4481:The Wisconsin Magazine of History 4421:Barbier, Mary (30 October 2007). 4394:Barbier, Mary (30 October 2007). 3970:Chekinov, S. C.; Bogdanov, S. A. 3475:15 Psychological Operations Group 3464: 2869:leaflets urging the defection of 2763:During the lead-up to the Allied 2585:, an Alsatian artist code-named " 2478:Report on Alleged German Outrages 8882:Psychological warfare techniques 8822:United States Information Agency 8101:Operations and events by country 5299: 5281:فردا, رادیو (28 November 2022). 4834:Farahany, Nita (25 March 2023). 3638: 3519: 3159:Shock and awe military strategy. 3080: 2837:. Mock hardware was created for 80: 8422:Information war against Ukraine 7969:International Jewish conspiracy 7937:Congo Free State propaganda war 6649:Party platforms (or manifestos) 5725: 5681: 5632: 5606: 5580: 5537: 5518:Gayle, Damien (13 March 2019). 5511: 5468: 5415: 5392: 5366: 5336: 5293: 5274: 5260: 5246: 5232: 5202: 5180: 5153: 5091: 5054: 5021: 5000: 4916: 4847: 4827: 4808: 4782: 4705: 4679: 4651: 4623: 4614: 4523: 4495: 4414: 4387: 4355: 4319: 4283: 4249: 4231: 4206: 4167: 4154: 4125: 4091: 3814:Information Research Department 3447: 3356:Zentrum Operative Kommunikation 3189:The threat of chemical weapons. 3091:needs additional citations for 2909: 2666: 8734: 8650:Information Operations Roadmap 8560:Psychological Warfare Division 8130:Chinese information operations 8079:Water fluoridation controversy 4262:. Edinburgh University Press. 4078: 4065: 4042: 4024:Wall, Tyler (September 2010). 4017: 4008: 3963: 3938: 3916: 3894: 3848:Psychological Warfare Division 3826:Information Operations Roadmap 2856: 2825:, used to deceive the Germans. 2655:. This soon paid off when the 2346: 1: 8757:Active Measures Working Group 8415:during the Russo-Georgian War 8382:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 5885:Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger 5160:Chin, Jonathan (2023-08-12). 4768:Stanford Internet Observatory 4586:Jeff Stein (3 October 2016). 4532:"Special operation – Phoenix" 4219:. University of Chicago Press 3888: 3614:193rd Special Operations Wing 3261: 3134:Most modern uses of the term 3029:Stanford Internet Observatory 2977:, the United States used the 2399:undersea communications cable 2264:In the 6th century BCE Greek 2238:, in his battles against the 8640:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 8317:Fake news in the Philippines 7921: 7689:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 7455:Rally 'round the flag effect 7330:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 6737:Rally 'round the flag effect 5558:10.1080/10402659.2010.502070 5376:. Royal Navy. Archived from 3249: 3068:China's political rhetoric. 2946:soldiers to destabilize the 2164:on his campaign against the 45:over a German city (see the 7: 8767:Counter Misinformation Team 8762:Counter disinformation unit 8212:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 7699:Forgery as covert operation 7062: 5809:Roberts III, Mervyn Edwin. 4343:Latimer (2004), pg. 148–149 3831:NLF and PAVN battle tactics 3631: 3483:Secret Intelligence Service 2922:. It shows a caricature of 2718:Political Warfare Executive 2651:after the overthrow of the 2627:in places as far afield as 2518:Robert William Seton-Watson 2362:of 1915 to document German 2178:Battle of Pelusium (525 BC) 1499:Military–industrial complex 978:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 8908: 8777:The Disinformation Project 8207:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 7563:Algorithmic radicalization 4620:Hanoi Hannah, 16 June 1967 4327:"Winston Churchill Quotes" 4256:Taylor, Philip M. (1999). 4160:Bruno Barragán Fernández, 4098:George H. Quester (2003). 3745:Psychological manipulation 3606:United States Marine Corps 3564:U.S. Department of Defense 3523: 3457: 3454:Russian military deception 3451: 3436: 3417:", a popular news page on 3338: 3287:People's Republic of China 3270: 3071: 2773:London Controlling Section 2615:to declare 'holy war', or 2268:successfully resisted the 2146: 2077:, "Hearts and Minds", and 25: 18: 8740: 8729: 8700: 8694:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 8688: 8670:Tobacco industry playbook 8601:CIA Kennedy assassination 8573: 8519: 8493: 8481: 8395: 8342: 8330: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8220: 8194: 8182: 8122: 8110: 8106: 8095: 7927: 7916: 7861: 7850: 7734:Manipulation (psychology) 7558: 7552: 7547: 7198: 7144: 7119: 7093: 7034: 6931: 6876: 6808: 6750: 6682: 6599: 6516: 6468: 6358: 6269: 6196: 6086: 6078:Manipulation (psychology) 6020: 5374:"Psychological Ops Group" 4939:10.1207/S15327876MP1402_2 3877:Fourth generation warfare 3595:Directorate of Operations 3591:Special Activities Center 3432: 3396: 3348: 3321: 2716:, the British set up the 2551:. By the end of the war, 2534:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 2494:Department of Information 1563:Loss-of-strength gradient 420:Combat information center 8782:East StratCom Task Force 8596:9/11 conspiracy theories 7593:List of cognitive biases 6256:Criticism of advertising 5844:2022.9 (May 2022): 1-4. 5034:. Greenwood Publishing. 5028:Stout, Chris E. (2002). 4966:Lerner, Daniel (1971) . 4821:South China Morning Post 4794:South China Morning Post 4664:University of Washington 4049:Kirdemir, Baris (2019). 3785:Fear § Manipulation 3503:revealed details of the 3266: 2891:Operation Wandering Soul 2151: 2123:Target audiences can be 2063:psychological operations 1881:Military science fiction 1366:Technology and equipment 787:List of military tactics 8708:Public opinion brigades 8665:Niger uranium forgeries 8655:Litter boxes in schools 8025:COVID-19 misinformation 7947:Free energy suppression 7856:Books and documentaries 7630:Euphemistic misspeaking 7260:Cartographic propaganda 6918:Promotional merchandise 6629:Character assassination 6566:Narcotizing dysfunction 6440:Photograph manipulation 6153:Guerrilla communication 5953:8 December 2010 at the 5911:8 December 2010 at the 5784:Linebarger, Paul M. A. 5590:Austria in World War II 5006:Ellul, Jacques (1973). 4952:(subscription required) 4912:(subscription required) 3945:Szunyogh, Béla (1955). 3670:Charles Douglas Jackson 3665:Character assassination 3618:United States Air Force 3384: 3164:Operation Nifty Package 2992:has enabled the use of 2865:"Viet Cong, beware!" – 2510:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2404:The British also had a 2108:. It is used to induce 1949:Wartime sexual violence 1705:Full-spectrum dominance 1516:Supply-chain management 8454:2016 Brexit referendum 7803:Scientific fabrication 7714:Historical negationism 7445:Propaganda of the deed 7415:New generation warfare 7365:Historical negationism 7203:Accusation in a mirror 7081: 6901:Product demonstrations 6330:Historical negationism 5828:Simpson, Christopher. 5428:. 15 (UK) PSYOPS Group 4071:Lance B. Curke Ph.D., 3904:. Journal.forces.gc.ca 3882:The Gospel of Afranius 3770:Unconventional Warfare 3690:Directed-energy weapon 3576: 3551: 3543: 3443:New generation warfare 3247: 2942:made extensive use of 2935: 2907: 2874: 2826: 2749: 2619:, against the Western 2496:and branched out into 2367: 2197:successfully conquered 2169: 1861:Awards and decorations 1834:Peace through strength 1809:Low-intensity conflict 1443:Conscientious objector 1316:Area of responsibility 50: 21:Psyop (disambiguation) 8877:Propaganda techniques 8852:Psychological warfare 8750:Fact-checking website 8555:Operation Mass Appeal 8537:Clockwork Orange plot 8047:Mental illness denial 7942:Climate change denial 7759:Psychological warfare 7729:Internet manipulation 7694:Firehose of falsehood 7620:Disinformation attack 7440:Psychological warfare 7405:Monumental propaganda 7355:Glittering generality 7335:Firehose of falsehood 7192:Propaganda techniques 7076:Psychological warfare 6833:Reputation management 6752:Psychological warfare 6601:Political campaigning 6410:Firehose of falsehood 5970:Psychological warfare 5890:Psychological Warfare 5639:Garrison, WC (1999). 5114:10.1093/jogss/ogac016 5064:International Affairs 4899:10.1300/J146v09n01_03 4536:Specialoperations.com 4311:Hruška, Emil (2013), 4216:Psychological Warfare 4193:"Allied PsyOp of WWI" 3836:Zarqawi PSYOP program 3568: 3556:Joint Chiefs of Staff 3549: 3533: 3427:Israel Defense Forces 3302:Thirty-Six Stratagems 3271:Further information: 3243: 3136:psychological warfare 3006:informational warfare 2917: 2902: 2864: 2835:North Africa campaign 2820: 2743: 2728:managed a successful 2722:powerful transmitters 2530:Austro-Hungarian Army 2354: 2159: 2055:Psychological warfare 453:Torpedo data computer 443:Ship gun fire-control 47:file description page 36: 7889:Who's Who in the CIA 7280:Demonizing the enemy 7042:Denial and deception 6868:Corporate propaganda 5613:Phil Taylor (1987). 4243:Quadri.wordpress.com 3685:Demonizing the enemy 3675:Cognitive dissonance 3471:British Armed Forces 3277:United front (China) 3192:Information warfare. 3100:improve this article 2928:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 2765:invasion of Normandy 2712:At the start of the 2657:Bolshevik Revolution 2574:Le Courrier de l'Air 2506:Viscount Northcliffe 2441:Member of Parliament 2308:before withdrawing. 2304:and set fire to the 1979:Military occupations 1814:Military engineering 1716:Unrestricted Warfare 1573:Force multiplication 471:Military manoeuvrers 28:Psywar (Mayhem song) 8591:Conspiracy theories 8532:Double-Cross System 8501:Conspiracy theories 8362:Operation INFEKTION 8150:Internet Water Army 8004:Strategy of tension 7869:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 7754:Post-truth politics 7470:Shooting and crying 7300:Emotive conjugation 7275:Cult of personality 7225:Atrocity propaganda 7071:Military camouflage 7057:Information warfare 6956:Media concentration 6828:Non-apology apology 6818:Cult of personality 6546:Emotive conjugation 6300:Burying of scholars 5942:US Army PSYOPS Info 5854:2.3 (2023): 50-54. 5348:Ministry of Defence 5242:. 27 November 2022. 5192:www.defense.gouv.fr 4926:Military Psychology 4693:. 26 September 2017 4564:were assassinated, 4477:Ambrose, Stephen E. 4132:Diogenes Laertius. 3996:on 20 February 2015 3755:Strategy of tension 3735:Noisy investigation 3715:Military psychology 3700:Information warfare 3391:2022 FIFA World Cup 3362:Stimme der Freiheit 3332:French Armed Forces 2962:government through 2781:Operation Fortitude 2769:Operation Bodyguard 2746:Operation Bodyguard 2681:Propaganda Minister 2325:Attack on Marstrand 2255:Empty Fort Strategy 2193:Alexander the Great 2162:Alexander the Great 1665:Penal military unit 1650:Rules of engagement 1326:Command and control 951:Operations research 415:Director (military) 405:Fire-control system 175:Command and control 56:Part of a series on 8487:HIV/AIDS denialism 8464:Trolls from Olgino 8238:Paid news in India 8228:Fake news in India 8042:HIV/AIDS denialism 7896:Merchants of Doubt 7769:Military deception 7744:Media manipulation 7583:Circular reporting 7430:Oversimplification 7410:Moralistic fallacy 7028:Military deception 6939:Influence-for-hire 6732:National mythology 6702:Crowd manipulation 6591:Tabloid journalism 6460:Video manipulation 6405:Fictitious entries 6128:Civil disobedience 6014:Media manipulation 5926:, 15 December 2005 5818:Roetter, Charles. 5799:Pease, Stephen E. 5771:(2006). ASP Press. 5756:(2006). ASP Press. 5210:"Sada-e-azadi.net" 5077:10.1093/ia/iiab070 4861:. 28 December 2023 4572:operatives placed 4365:(1 October 2008). 4352:Cruickshank (2004) 4291:"German WWI PsyOp" 3872:Asymmetric warfare 3765:The Shock Doctrine 3760:Taliban propaganda 3750:Special Operations 3710:Media manipulation 3610:United States Navy 3602:United States Army 3552: 3544: 2936: 2875: 2827: 2750: 2583:Jean-Jacques Waltz 2453:Arthur Conan Doyle 2437:David Lloyd George 2406:diplomatic service 2368: 2333:military deception 2329:Peter Tordenskjold 2315:, Spanish captain 2298:Emirate of Granada 2259:reverse psychology 2234:The Muslim caliph 2170: 1774:Counter-insurgency 1695:Command of the sea 1640:Jewish laws on war 1615:Geneva Conventions 1151:Divide and conquer 946:Military operation 911:Tactical objective 410:Fire-control radar 387:Electronic-warfare 51: 49:for a translation) 8839: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8675:Operation Shocker 8477: 8476: 8357:K-1000 battleship 8188:Operation Neptune 8091: 8090: 8087: 8086: 7912: 7911: 7846: 7845: 7838:Yellow journalism 7786:counterpropaganda 7667:List of fallacies 7600:Conspiracy theory 7568:Alternative facts 7503: 7502: 7395:Managing the news 7220:Appeal to emotion 7158: 7157: 6994: 6993: 6760:Airborne leaflets 6639:Election promises 6493:Product placement 6368:Alternative facts 6108:Alternative media 5895:Project Gutenberg 5693:, 6 February 2013 5599:978-0-7735-0800-2 5499:. 7 February 2014 5270:. 10 August 2023. 5256:. 10 August 2023. 5149:on 15 April 2011. 5016:978-0-394-71874-3 4985:978-0-262-12045-6 4667:. 25 October 2017 4639:. 10 January 2005 4516:978-1-58567-381-0 4462:978-0-7081-0459-0 4449:Masterman, John C 4380:978-0-571-22195-0 3646:Psychology portal 3580:counterpropaganda 3132: 3131: 3124: 2850:Normandy landings 2808:Operation Titanic 2777:Tehran Conference 2735:Winston Churchill 2679:was appointed as 2449:Propaganda Agency 2445:Charles Masterman 2380:airborne leaflets 2343:in World War II. 2245:During the early 2075:political warfare 2052: 2051: 1944:Horses in warfare 1891:Anti-war movement 1794:Gunboat diplomacy 1784:Disaster response 1732:Philosophy of war 1727:Principles of war 1700:Deterrence theory 1645:Right of conquest 1568:Lanchester's laws 1336:Principles of war 1026:Counter-offensive 1011:Military campaign 916:Target saturation 839:Counterinsurgency 448:Gun data computer 382:Close air support 344:Aircraft carriers 8899: 8862:Crowd psychology 8731: 8730: 8550:MMR autism fraud 8433:On US elections 8367:Operation Toucan 8340: 8339: 8108: 8107: 8097: 8096: 8062:anti-vaccination 8010: 8009: 7957:Holocaust denial 7932:Bermuda Triangle 7918: 7917: 7852: 7851: 7781:black propaganda 7749:Potemkin village 7674:False accusation 7650:list of websites 7549: 7548: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7507: 7506: 7495:White propaganda 7450:Public relations 7425:Overcomplication 7310:False accusation 7245:Black propaganda 7235:Beautiful people 7230:Bandwagon effect 7185: 7178: 7171: 7162: 7161: 7086: 7067: 7021: 7014: 7007: 6998: 6997: 6986:Media proprietor 6810:Public relations 6790:Public diplomacy 6775:Information (IT) 6654:Name recognition 6279:Media regulation 6261:Annoyance factor 6118:Call-out culture 6033:Crowd psychology 6007: 6000: 5993: 5984: 5983: 5897: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5700: 5694: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5656: 5645: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5350:. Archived from 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5216:. Archived from 5214:Sada-e-azadi.net 5206: 5200: 5199: 5194:. Archived from 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5145:. Archived from 5135: 5126: 5125: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5071:(4): 1007–1023. 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5025: 5019: 5004: 4998: 4989: 4974:. Boston, Mass: 4973: 4963: 4954: 4953: 4950: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4910: 4880: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4770:. 24 August 2022 4765: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4583: 4577: 4558:South Vietnamese 4551: 4549: 4547: 4538:. Archived from 4527: 4521: 4520: 4507:Deception in War 4499: 4493: 4492: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4363:Rankin, Nicholas 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4245:. 25 April 2008. 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4189: 4178: 4171: 4165: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4138:. Archived from 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4095: 4089: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3995: 3989:. Archived from 3976: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3929: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3898: 3680:Cordwainer Smith 3648: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3353: 3352: 3220:Black propaganda 3208:White propaganda 3127: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3107: 3084: 3076: 2998:Syrian Civil War 2924:Al-Qaeda in Iraq 2792:naval deceptions 2730:black propaganda 2714:Second World War 2707:Munich Agreement 2663:out of the war. 2541:prisoners of war 2500:communications, 2487:Louis Raemaekers 2461:G. K. Chesterton 2435:In August 1914, 2313:Battle of Manila 2240:Byzantine Empire 2220:Mongolian Empire 2218:, leader of the 2114:black operations 2044: 2037: 2030: 1799:Humanitarian aid 1737:Security dilemma 1558:Power projection 1341:Economy of force 1321:Chain of command 1036:Defence in depth 1021:Commerce raiding 844:Defeat in detail 180:Defense ministry 84: 75: 74: 65: 53: 52: 37:An example of a 8907: 8906: 8902: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8896: 8887:Warfare by type 8842: 8841: 8840: 8831: 8736: 8717: 8696: 8684: 8569: 8565:Zinoviev letter 8515: 8489: 8473: 8397:Post-Soviet era 8391: 8352:Active Measures 8335: 8326: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8259: 8247: 8216: 8190: 8178: 8118: 8116:Jihadunspun.com 8102: 8083: 8008: 7984:New World Order 7952:Genocide denial 7923: 7908: 7857: 7842: 7764:Memetic warfare 7554: 7543: 7534: 7504: 7499: 7385:Loaded language 7194: 7189: 7159: 7154: 7140: 7115: 7089: 7030: 7025: 6995: 6990: 6981:Media influence 6976:Media franchise 6961:Media democracy 6927: 6872: 6804: 6746: 6727:Loaded language 6678: 6595: 6512: 6464: 6354: 6283: 6265: 6192: 6133:Culture jamming 6082: 6016: 6011: 5955:Wayback Machine 5938:, 18 March 2008 5913:Wayback Machine 5883: 5865: 5860: 5732:Abner, Alan K. 5728: 5723: 5713: 5711: 5709:Washington Post 5701: 5697: 5691:Washington Post 5686: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5643: 5637: 5633: 5624: 5622: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5585: 5581: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5524:Theguardian.com 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5482:. 22 June 2015. 5473: 5469: 5459: 5457: 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5397: 5393: 5383: 5381: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5354:on 20 June 2006 5342: 5341: 5337: 5328: 5326: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5298: 5294: 5279: 5275: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5172: 5170: 5158: 5154: 5137: 5136: 5129: 5096: 5092: 5059: 5055: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5005: 5001: 4986: 4964: 4957: 4951: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4881: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4796:. 11 April 2021 4788: 4787: 4783: 4773: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4719:. 17 March 2011 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4584: 4580: 4556:program of the 4545: 4543: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4500: 4496: 4474: 4470: 4463: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4373:. p. 178. 4371:Faber and Faber 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4325: 4324: 4320: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4254: 4250: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4181: 4172: 4168: 4159: 4155: 4145: 4143: 4142:on 26 June 2017 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4096: 4092: 4084:David Nicolle, 4083: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3943: 3939: 3932:Military Review 3927: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3860:Active measures 3655:Active measures 3644: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3625:capabilities." 3585:The purpose of 3528: 3522: 3501:Glenn Greenwald 3467: 3462: 3460:Active measures 3456: 3450: 3445: 3439:Active measures 3435: 3414:Abu Ali Express 3411:revealed that " 3399: 3387: 3341: 3324: 3279: 3269: 3264: 3252: 3214:Grey propaganda 3152:that encourage 3128: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3097: 3085: 3074: 2988:In cyberspace, 2912: 2883:Phoenix Program 2859: 2677:Joseph Goebbels 2669: 2598:Fourteen Points 2547:and the German 2469:Rudyard Kipling 2457:Ford Madox Ford 2349: 2317:Juan de Salcedo 2199:large parts of 2154: 2149: 2048: 2019: 2018: 1969: 1959: 1958: 1924: 1916: 1915: 1856: 1846: 1845: 1819:Multilateralism 1804:Law enforcement 1764: 1754: 1753: 1722:Just war theory 1680: 1670: 1669: 1620:Geneva Protocol 1590: 1580: 1579: 1553: 1543: 1542: 1484: 1474: 1473: 1381: 1371: 1370: 1311: 1301: 1300: 1266: 1256: 1255: 1186:Network-centric 1106: 1096: 1095: 1003: 993: 992: 941: 931: 930: 879:Rapid dominance 784: 774: 773: 729:Electromagnetic 638: 628: 627: 614: 567: 515: 491: 481: 480: 476:Combat training 457: 434: 400:Combat systems: 396: 358: 354:Auxiliary ships 320: 280: 276:Military police 242: 165: 155: 154: 94: 68: 67: 66: 61: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8905: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8837: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8727: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8715: 8710: 8704: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8645:Habbush letter 8642: 8637: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8620: 8615: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8588: 8583: 8577: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8527:Bell Pottinger 8523: 8521: 8520:United Kingdom 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8431: 8430: 8429: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8401: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8348: 8346: 8337: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8303: 8301: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8284: 8279: 8277: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8198: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8186: 8184: 8183:Czechoslovakia 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8169: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8155:PLA Unit 61398 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8119: 8114: 8112: 8104: 8103: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8030:by governments 8022: 8016: 8014: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7906: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7878: 7871: 7867:Disinformation 7862: 7859: 7858: 7848: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7773: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7588:Cognitive bias 7585: 7580: 7578:Cherry picking 7575: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7545: 7544: 7541:misinformation 7537:Disinformation 7533: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7510: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7375:Indoctrination 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7285:Disinformation 7282: 7277: 7272: 7270:Cherry picking 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7215:Appeal to fear 7212: 7205: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7188: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7165: 7156: 7155: 7151:The Art of War 7148: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7101:Military dummy 7097: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7087: 7083:Ruse de guerre 7078: 7073: 7068: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7047:Disinformation 7044: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7001: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6941: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6914: 6913: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6858:Understatement 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6722:Indoctrination 6719: 6714: 6709: 6707:Disinformation 6704: 6699: 6694: 6688: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6669:Smear campaign 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6586:Sensationalism 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6526:Agenda-setting 6522: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6400:False document 6397: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6364: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6305:Catch and kill 6302: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6138:Demonstrations 6135: 6130: 6125: 6123:Cancel culture 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6092: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5945: 5939: 5935:New York Times 5927: 5915: 5903: 5898: 5881: 5879: 5864: 5863:External links 5861: 5859: 5858: 5848: 5837: 5836: 5826: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5797: 5782: 5772: 5757: 5741: 5740: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721: 5695: 5680: 5668: 5650:. p. 12. 5631: 5605: 5598: 5579: 5536: 5510: 5484: 5467: 5439: 5414: 5403:(170): 86–89. 5391: 5380:on 2 July 2010 5365: 5335: 5311: 5292: 5273: 5259: 5245: 5231: 5220:on 12 May 2011 5201: 5198:on 2019-12-02. 5179: 5152: 5127: 5090: 5053: 5040: 5020: 4999: 4984: 4955: 4915: 4872: 4846: 4826: 4807: 4781: 4752: 4730: 4704: 4678: 4650: 4636:Democracy Now! 4622: 4613: 4578: 4570:Special Forces 4542:on 12 May 2011 4530:Janq Designs. 4522: 4515: 4494: 4468: 4461: 4440: 4434:978-0275994792 4433: 4413: 4407:978-0275994792 4406: 4386: 4379: 4354: 4345: 4336: 4318: 4303: 4282: 4268: 4248: 4230: 4205: 4179: 4166: 4153: 4124: 4110: 4090: 4077: 4064: 4041: 4016: 4007: 3962: 3937: 3915: 3902:"Forces.gc.ca" 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3863: 3862: 3851: 3850: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3800: 3799: 3797:Able Archer 83 3788: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3725:Minor sabotage 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3695:Fear mongering 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3633: 3630: 3521: 3518: 3466: 3465:United Kingdom 3463: 3452:Main article: 3449: 3446: 3434: 3431: 3398: 3395: 3386: 3383: 3340: 3337: 3323: 3320: 3296:The Art of War 3273:Three warfares 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3251: 3248: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3176: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3157: 3143:Demoralization 3130: 3129: 3088: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3070: 2994:disinformation 2968:Miami, Florida 2950:government in 2911: 2908: 2858: 2855: 2668: 2665: 2625:British Empire 2613:Ottoman Empire 2605:Central Powers 2594:Woodrow Wilson 2512:supervised by 2430:Ottoman Empire 2410:British Empire 2348: 2345: 2266:Bias of Priene 2182:Persian Empire 2166:Persian Empire 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1984:Military terms 1981: 1976: 1970: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1742:Tripwire force 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1681: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1267: 1264:Administrative 1262: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1191:New generation 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1166:Fleet in being 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1107: 1104:Grand strategy 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1091:Scorched earth 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1004: 999: 998: 995: 994: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 968:Deep operation 965: 960: 953: 948: 942: 937: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 897: 896: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 815: 814: 809: 804: 794: 785: 780: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 769:Unconventional 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 717: 715:Disinformation 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 686: 685: 680: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 639: 634: 633: 630: 629: 626: 625: 620: 613: 612: 611: 610: 609: 608: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 566: 565: 564: 563: 562: 561: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 514: 513: 512: 511: 506: 501: 492: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 473: 468: 466:Basic training 463: 456: 455: 450: 445: 440: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 395: 394: 392:Reconnaissance 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 319: 318: 313: 311:Special forces 308: 303: 302: 301: 291: 286: 279: 278: 273: 268: 266:Reconnaissance 263: 258: 253: 248: 241: 240: 231: 226: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 135: 134: 133: 128: 118: 117: 116: 109:Post-classical 106: 101: 95: 90: 89: 86: 85: 77: 76: 58: 57: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8904: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8787:FactCheck.org 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8745:Fact-checking 8743: 8742: 8739: 8732: 8728: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8574:United States 8572: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8480: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8394: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8135:50 Cent Party 8133: 8132: 8131: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8094: 8080: 8077: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8059: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7929: 7926: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7898: 7897: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7860: 7853: 7849: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7739:Media culture 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7679:False dilemma 7677: 7675: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7660: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7557: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7526: 7524: 7519: 7517: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7320:False dilemma 7318: 7316: 7315:False balance 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7181: 7179: 7174: 7172: 7167: 7166: 7163: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7010: 7008: 7003: 7002: 6999: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6966:Media ecology 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6949:United States 6947: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6923:Telemarketing 6921: 6919: 6916: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6712:Fearmongering 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6551:False balance 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6509: 6508:Word of mouth 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6295:Broadcast law 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6143:Deplatforming 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6048:False balance 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6008: 6003: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5866: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794:0-405-04755-X 5791: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5769:1-878109-40-5 5766: 5762: 5759:Cohen, Fred. 5758: 5755: 5754:1-878109-36-7 5751: 5747: 5744:Cohen, Fred. 5743: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5692: 5689: 5684: 5675: 5673: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5621:on 2011-10-11 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5595: 5591: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5481: 5480:The Intercept 5477: 5471: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5424: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5395: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5300:فردا, رادیو. 5296: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5057: 5043: 5041:9780275978662 5037: 5033: 5032: 5024: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4996:0-262-62019-7 4993: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4971: 4962: 4960: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4893:(1–2): 33–4. 4892: 4888: 4887: 4879: 4877: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4654: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4574:playing cards 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4503:Latimer, John 4498: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4436: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4314: 4307: 4292: 4286: 4271: 4269:9780748610396 4265: 4261: 4260: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4218: 4217: 4209: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4176: 4170: 4163: 4157: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4113: 4111:9781412829939 4107: 4103: 4102: 4094: 4087: 4081: 4074: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4029: 4028: 4020: 4011: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3950: 3949: 3941: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3842:World War II: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3587:United States 3583: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3572:psychological 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3548: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3520:United States 3517: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3461: 3455: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3346: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3283:U.S. military 3281:According to 3278: 3274: 3259: 3257: 3254:According to 3246: 3242: 3239: 3238:Jacques Ellul 3235: 3234: 3228: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148:Distributing 3147: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3126: 3123: 3115: 3112:February 2011 3105: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3089:This section 3087: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3045:Odnoklassniki 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2979:shock and awe 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2867:South Vietnam 2863: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2810:involved the 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2758:double agents 2755: 2754:Dudley Clarke 2747: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2726:Sefton Delmer 2723: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2569:cannon fodder 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557:no-man's land 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2514:Wickham Steed 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2395:world opinion 2392: 2391:Western front 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2289:as a result. 2288: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2186:ancient Egypt 2183: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2129:organizations 2126: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1871:Warrior caste 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1841:Show of force 1839: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1829:Peacebuilding 1827: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1757: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1685:Air supremacy 1683: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1625:Islamic rules 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1605:Court-martial 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1504:Arms industry 1502: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1121:Broken-backed 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1002: 997: 996: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 963:Expeditionary 961: 959: 958: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 940: 935: 934: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 834:Counterattack 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 783: 778: 777: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 759:Psychological 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 695:Combined arms 693: 691: 688: 684: 681: 679: 676: 675: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 637: 632: 631: 624: 621: 619: 616: 615: 607: 604: 603: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 573: 572: 569: 568: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 534:Fortification 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 520: 517: 516: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 494: 493: 490: 485: 484: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 359: 355: 352: 350: 349:Landing craft 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 300: 297: 296: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 239: 235: 234:Standing army 232: 230: 227: 225: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 129: 127: 126:pike and shot 124: 123: 122: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 93: 88: 87: 83: 79: 78: 72: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 48: 44: 43:American B-17 40: 35: 29: 22: 8872:Mind control 8547: 8482:South Africa 8469:Web brigades 8405:Cyberwarfare 8387:Useful idiot 8336:Soviet Union 8281:Fintas Group 8173:Global Times 8171: 8140:cyberwarfare 7901: 7894: 7887: 7880: 7874: 7866: 7833:Whataboutism 7828:Urban legend 7798:Quote mining 7758: 7490:Whataboutism 7460:Scapegoating 7439: 7420:Obscurantism 7400:Minimisation 7305:Exaggeration 7207: 7149: 7125:World War II 7075: 6971:Media ethics 6891:Door-to-door 6886:Cold calling 6863:Weasel words 6770:Fifth column 6751: 6664:Push polling 6614:Astroturfing 6576:Pseudo-event 6556:Infotainment 6531:Broadcasting 6450:Urban legend 6373:April Fools' 6246:Testimonials 6216:Infomercials 6043:Dumbing down 5933: 5921: 5888: 5870: 5851: 5841: 5829: 5819: 5810: 5800: 5785: 5775: 5760: 5745: 5733: 5726:Bibliography 5712:. 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(See also 3468: 3448:Soviet Union 3412: 3406: 3400: 3388: 3360: 3355: 3342: 3325: 3309:to mobilize 3300: 3294: 3280: 3253: 3244: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3202: 3195: 3173:Lord Haw-Haw 3135: 3133: 3118: 3109: 3098:Please help 3093:verification 3090: 3066: 3022: 2990:social media 2987: 2972: 2937: 2930:caught in a 2910:21st century 2903: 2898:Hanoi Hannah 2895: 2876: 2847: 2838: 2831:Double Cross 2828: 2823:Sherman tank 2803: 2799: 2795: 2794:(Operations 2789: 2785:field armies 2762: 2751: 2711: 2691: 2689: 2672:Adolf Hitler 2670: 2667:World War II 2602: 2591:US President 2586: 2579: 2572: 2538: 2491: 2476: 2465:Thomas Hardy 2447:, to head a 2439:appointed a 2434: 2428:against the 2403: 2388: 2369: 2331:carried out 2322: 2310: 2291: 2279: 2263: 2251:Eastern Zhou 2244: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2216:Genghis Khan 2214: 2210:assimilation 2190: 2180:between the 2171: 2141: 2122: 2083: 2073:), Psy Ops, 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2053: 1954:Fifth column 1934:War resister 1929:Women in war 1824:Peacekeeping 1769:Arms control 1714: 1403:Mobilization 1398:Conscription 1356:Intelligence 1309:Organization 955: 884:Encirclement 764:Radiological 758: 700:Conventional 554:Subterranean 461:Development: 460: 437: 399: 361: 324:Naval units: 323: 316:Signal corps 283: 261:Intelligence 246:Specialties: 245: 170:Organization 121:Early modern 39:World War II 8680:Yellow rain 8300:Philippines 8160:Spamouflage 8145:Little Pink 7999:Rothschilds 7989:Red mercury 7704:Gaslighting 7655:Lying press 7625:Doublespeak 7485:Weasel word 7435:Plain folks 7350:Gish gallop 7340:Flag-waving 7295:Doublespeak 7290:Dog whistle 7250:Blood libel 6843:Sound bites 6823:Doublespeak 6674:Wedge issue 6634:Dog whistle 6609:Advertising 6435:Lying press 6420:Gaslighting 6198:Advertising 6173:Occupations 6063:Obfuscation 6053:Half-truths 5842:IFANS FOCUS 5714:24 November 4774:24 November 4745:24 November 4643:16 December 4331:BrainyQuote 4296:17 December 4198:17 December 4146:16 February 4059:resrep21052 4034:11 February 4000:11 February 3955:11 February 3809:Briggs Plan 3730:Moral panic 3375:Afghanistan 2966:, based in 2956:Panamanians 2879:Vietnam War 2857:Vietnam War 2705:before the 2699:appeasement 2645:Switzerland 2633:Afghanistan 2473:H. G. Wells 2422:Middle East 2372:World War I 2347:World War I 2323:During the 2294:Granada War 2292:During the 2287:Carcassonne 2283:Lady Carcas 2247:Qin dynasty 2205:Middle East 2137:individuals 2125:governments 2110:confessions 1939:War studies 1762:Non-warfare 1690:Appeasement 1655:Martial law 1494:War economy 1433:Transgender 1386:Recruitment 1146:Containment 1031:Culminating 939:Operational 859:Envelopment 802:Air assault 683:Air cavalry 643:Air defence 623:Information 524:Cold-region 489:Battlespace 438:Historical: 284:Land units: 210:Space force 205:Coast guard 138:Late modern 99:Prehistoric 8857:Aggression 8846:Categories 8807:PolitiFact 8735:Opposition 8611:Sandy Hook 8410:on Estonia 8344:Soviet era 8257:Team Jorge 8233:Godi-media 7994:Reptilians 7964:Illuminati 7823:Truthiness 7813:Social bot 7776:Propaganda 7709:Half-truth 7684:False flag 7360:Half-truth 7265:Censorship 7209:Ad hominem 7120:Operations 7064:Maskirovka 7052:False flag 7035:Techniques 6944:Media bias 6800:Subversion 6765:False flag 6742:Techniques 6684:Propaganda 6644:Lawn signs 6624:Canvassing 6518:News media 6274:Censorship 6206:Billboards 6158:Hacktivism 6148:Grassroots 6073:Persuasion 5625:2008-04-19 5503:7 February 5460:31 January 5329:2022-08-24 5306:رادیو فردا 5287:رادیو فردا 5173:2023-08-11 5047:2014-08-10 4697:25 October 4671:25 October 4275:7 February 4223:7 February 3889:References 3780:Zersetzung 3720:Mind games 3524:See also: 3458:See also: 3437:See also: 3350:Bundeswehr 3262:By country 3256:Boaz Ganor 3179:False flag 2985:to fight. 2983:Iraqi Army 2948:Sandinista 2790:Elaborate 2703:covert war 2690:Germany's 2561:Hindenburg 2483:atrocities 2412:, such as 2376:newspapers 2360:commission 2356:Lord Bryce 2306:alcaicería 2160:Mosaic of 2118:false flag 2079:propaganda 1999:War crimes 1989:Operations 1896:Foot drill 1866:Battle cry 1779:deterrence 1438:Harassment 1413:Specialism 1236:Technology 1231:Succession 1176:Liberation 1111:Asymmetric 1046:Empty fort 957:Blitzkrieg 926:Withdrawal 889:Investment 668:Camouflage 663:Biological 601:Underwater 576:Amphibious 495:Aerospace 362:Air units: 339:Submarines 148:fourth-gen 143:industrial 131:napoleonic 8802:NewsGuard 8797:Logically 8792:Full Fact 8689:Venezuela 8623:Fake news 8511:AK Trolls 8202:Funkspiel 7724:Infodemic 7640:Fake news 7615:Denialism 7610:Deception 7370:Ideograph 7325:Fake news 7136:Bodyguard 7094:Equipment 6906:Promotion 6785:Political 6692:Bandwagon 6619:Attack ad 6498:Publicity 6470:Marketing 6383:Fake news 6345:Religious 6340:Political 6320:Euphemism 6315:Cover-ups 6310:Corporate 6178:Petitions 6068:Orwellian 6038:Deception 5923:USA Today 5574:144498009 5566:1040-2659 5409:0956-2400 5358:23 August 5122:2057-3170 5085:0020-5850 4976:MIT Press 4947:143979791 4907:144488159 4865:1 January 4606:4 October 4562:Viet Cong 4554:Chieu Hoi 4489:0043-6534 4451:(1972) . 3987:0869-5636 3740:Orwellian 3311:communist 3250:Terrorism 3185:Terrorism 3154:desertion 3150:pamphlets 3057:VKontakte 3041:Instagram 3033:Balatarin 3023:In 2022, 2952:Nicaragua 2887:Viet Cong 2871:Viet Cong 2839:Bodyguard 2693:Fall Grün 2685:messianic 2498:telegraph 2337:Fortitude 2327:in 1719, 2249:and late 2176:, in the 2174:Polyaenus 2102:reasoning 1886:War novel 1789:Grey-zone 1749:War games 1710:Overmatch 1660:War crime 1610:Desertion 1600:Ceasefire 1595:Armistice 1482:Logistics 1460:Mercenary 1448:Volunteer 1379:Personnel 1351:Engineers 1296:Sociology 1251:World war 1246:Total war 1226:Strategic 1216:Religious 1201:Political 1196:Perpetual 1171:Irregular 1086:Offensive 1061:Defensive 1056:Deception 1016:Attrition 869:Guerrilla 864:Formation 807:Airbridge 739:Loitering 653:Artillery 306:Artillery 256:Engineers 224:Irregular 195:Air force 8827:USAFacts 8817:StopFake 8713:Force 47 8618:COVID-19 8542:Euromyth 8293:Peñabots 8167:COVID-19 8072:COVID-19 8057:Vaccines 7922:Examples 7808:Smearing 7390:Newspeak 7255:Buzzword 6853:Transfer 6795:Sedition 6659:Negative 6571:Newspeak 6561:Managing 6503:Research 6478:Branding 6430:Literary 6395:Fakelore 6388:websites 6378:Deepfake 6335:Internet 6226:Modeling 6183:Protests 6163:Internet 6096:Advocacy 6088:Activism 5978:Original 5951:Archived 5909:Archived 5876:Metanoia 5652:Archived 5529:13 March 5497:NBC News 4800:12 April 4723:17 March 4600:Archived 4596:Newsweek 4505:(2001). 4117:19 March 3866:Related: 3632:See also 3612:and the 3490:Gulf War 3419:Telegram 3314:against 3049:Telegram 3037:Facebook 3027:and the 2975:Iraq War 2964:TV Marti 2932:rat trap 2920:Iraq War 2821:A dummy 2804:Big Drum 2621:infidels 2549:generals 2526:Slovenes 2386:rounds. 2358:led the 2274:Alyattes 2203:and the 2106:behavior 2094:emotions 2092:system, 2088:system, 1901:War song 1876:War film 1509:Materiel 1428:Children 1408:Training 1346:Medicine 1331:Doctrine 1286:Training 1221:Resource 1206:Princely 1156:Economic 1141:Conquest 1136:Colonial 1131:Cold war 1116:Blockade 1001:Strategy 973:Maneuver 734:Infantry 690:Chemical 544:Mountain 504:Airborne 367:Fighters 334:Warships 289:Infantry 215:Reserves 163:Military 8701:Vietnam 8372:Seat 12 8243:OpIndia 8195:Germany 7662:Fallacy 7635:Factoid 7573:Big lie 7380:Lawfare 7345:Framing 7240:Big lie 7131:Bertram 6932:Related 6911:Spaving 6896:Pricing 6838:Slogans 6780:Lawfare 6717:Framing 6697:Big lie 6488:Product 6483:Loyalty 6415:Forgery 6360:Hoaxing 6241:Slogans 6221:Mobiles 6113:Boycott 6021:Context 5868:Movie: 5832:(1994) 5822:(1974) 5803:(1992) 5736:(1951) 5661:4 April 5324:Haaretz 5143:ufl.edu 4859:Youtube 4177:, p. 52 3705:Lawfare 3616:of the 3423:Twitter 3408:Haaretz 3403:Israeli 3367:Afghans 3343:In the 3339:Germany 3307:Marxism 3291:Sun Tzu 3181:events. 3072:Methods 3061:YouTube 3053:Twitter 2973:In the 2926:leader 2800:Taxable 2796:Glimmer 2649:Finland 2629:Ireland 2611:of the 2532:at the 2414:Ireland 2341:Titanic 2147:History 2098:motives 2014:Writers 2009:Weapons 1974:Battles 1923:Related 1911:Wargame 1906:Uniform 1854:Culture 1635:Perfidy 1630:Justice 1551:Science 1536:Outpost 1489:History 1469:Warrior 1465:Soldier 1453:foreign 1391:counter 1291:Service 1241:Theater 1181:Limited 1161:Endemic 1076:Nuclear 849:Foxhole 824:Cavalry 812:Airdrop 797:Airlift 782:Tactics 754:Nuclear 744:Missile 673:Cavalry 658:Barrage 636:Weapons 596:Surface 377:Command 372:Bombers 329:Frogman 299:Cavalry 271:Medical 238:Militia 220:Regular 200:Marines 114:castles 104:Ancient 92:History 71:outline 8812:Snopes 8628:online 8548:Lancet 8494:Turkey 8332:Russia 8288:Mexico 8276:Kuwait 8252:Israel 8111:Canada 8067:autism 8013:Health 7645:online 7475:Slogan 7111:Q-ship 6536:Circus 6445:Racial 5856:online 5846:online 5834:online 5824:online 5813:(2018) 5805:online 5792: 5780:online 5778:2020) 5767: 5752: 5738:online 5596: 5572: 5564: 5432:29 May 5407: 5384:28 May 5224:18 May 5120: 5083: 5038: 5014: 4994: 4982: 4945: 4905: 4546:18 May 4513: 4487: 4459: 4431: 4404: 4377: 4266: 4164:, 2016 4108: 4057: 3985: 3908:18 May 3608:. 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