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one strong point to another. The
Japanese also went to great lengths to construct large underground chambers, some as much as five stories deep to serve as storage and hospital areas with thick walls and ceilings of reinforced concrete. A series of strong points covering the landing areas were also built, most covered with sand and carefully camouflaged. Well-camouflaged 120mm and 6-inch guns were emplaced so that their fire could be directed to the beaches. Smaller-caliber artillery, antiaircraft guns, and mortars were also hidden and located where only a direct hit could destroy them. The Japanese were determined to make the Americans pay a high price for Iwo Jima and were prepared to defend it to the death. Kuribayashi knew that he could not win the battle but hoped to inflict severe casualties so costly that it would slow the American advance on Japan and maybe give the Japanese bargaining power. In February, a total of 21,000 Japanese troops were deployed on Iwo Jima.
4745:
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17816:
644:
3600:
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6984:
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6027:
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131:
4928:, when Center Force fell upon a group of American escort carriers escorted only by destroyers and destroyer escorts. Both sides were surprised, but the outcome looked certain since the Japanese had four battleships, six heavy cruisers, and two light cruisers leading two destroyer squadrons. However, they conducted a largely indecisive gunnery duel before breaking off. Japanese losses were extremely heavy, with four carriers, three battleships, six heavy cruisers, four light cruisers and eleven destroyers sunk, while the Americans lost one light carrier and two escort carriers, two destroyers and two destroyer escorts. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle of World War II and arguably the
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601:
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17780:
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organized and defended compared to Allied ones. The number of
American submarines patrols (and sinkings) rose steeply: 350 patrols (180 ships sunk) in 1942, 350 (335) in 1943, and 520 (603) in 1944. By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because there were less ships available to target. In all, Allied submarines destroyed 1,200 merchant ships – about five million tons of shipping. At critical stages of the Guadalcanal, Saipan, and Leyte campaigns, thousands of Japanese troops were killed or diverted from where they were needed. Over 200 warships were sunk, including a battleship and no fewer than eight carriers.
82:
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2153:
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562:
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6900:
479:
380:
3390:, Fiji, and Samoa. Because this required far fewer troops, on 13 March the Naval General Staff and the Army agreed to operations with the goal of capturing Fiji and Samoa. The Second Operational Phase began well when Lae and Salamaua, located in eastern New Guinea, were captured on 8 March. However, on 10 March, American carrier aircraft attacked the invasion forces and inflicted considerable losses. The raid had major operational implications because it forced the Japanese to stop their advance in the South Pacific, until the Combined Fleet provided the means to protect future operations.
17901:
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4123:
3146:
617:
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2795:(GHQ) began planning for a war with the Western powers in April or May 1941. Japan increased its naval budget as well as putting large formations of the Army and its attached air force under navy command. While formerly the IJA consumed the majority of the state's military budget (with a 73/27 split in 1940), from 1942 to 1945 there would instead be a roughly 60/40 split in funds between the army and the navy. Japan's key initial objective was to seize economic resources in the Dutch East Indies and Malaya to escape the effects of the Allied embargo. This was known as the
122:
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3767:
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divided into three separate parts in which the major objectives of the
Philippines, British Malaya, Borneo, Burma, Rabaul and the Dutch East Indies would be occupied. The Second Operational Phase called for further expansion into the South Pacific by seizing eastern New Guinea, New Britain, Fiji, Samoa, and strategic points in the Australian area. In the Central Pacific, Midway was targeted as were the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific. Seizure of these key areas would provide defensive depth and deny the Allies staging areas from which to mount a counteroffensive.
18047:
18035:
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18011:
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527:
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427:
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17732:
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111:
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4675:, the highest point on the island, was taken on 27 June. The Marines then steadily advanced northward. On the night of 6–7 July, a banzai attack took place in which three to four thousand Japanese made a fanatical charge that penetrated the lines near Tanapag before being wiped out. Following this attack, hundreds of locals committed mass suicide. On 9 July, organized resistance on Saipan ceased. The US Marines reached northernmost tip of Saipan, Marpi Point, twenty-four days after the landing. Only isolated groups of hidden Japanese troops remained.
5296:
552:
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5449:
5555:, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Okinawan and Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The US Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids. Many military historians believe that the Okinawa campaign led directly to the
2519:
6886:
4615:, attacked the major naval base of Truk. Although the Japanese had moved their major vessels out in time to avoid being caught at anchor in the atoll, two days of air attacks resulted in significant losses to Japanese aircraft and merchant shipping. The Japanese were forced to abandon Truk and were now unable to counter the Americans on any front on the perimeter. Consequently, the Japanese retained their remaining strength for what they hoped would be a decisive battle. The Japanese then developed a new plan, known as
467:
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572:
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4500:, planned to withdraw into the Imphal plain and force the Japanese to fight with their communications stretching over scores of miles of jungle trails. However, they were slow to respond when the attack was launched and did not foresee some Japanese objectives. Some British and Indian units had to fight their way out of encirclement, but by early April they had concentrated around Imphal. Several units were flown from the Arakan to reinforce them. A Japanese division which had advanced to
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knock out Midway's air strength and soften it for a landing by 5,000 troops. After the quick capture of the island, the
Combined Fleet would lay the basis for the most important part of the operation. Yamamoto hoped that the attack would lure the Americans into a trap. Midway was to be bait for the USN which would depart Pearl Harbor to counterattack. When the Americans arrived, he would concentrate his scattered forces to defeat them. An important aspect of the scheme was
17768:
5104:
5238:, about halfway between the Marianas and Japan. American planners recognized the strategic importance of the island. The island was used by the Japanese as an early-warning station against impending air raids on Japanese cities. Japanese aircraft based on Iwo Jima were able to attack the B-29s on their bombing missions, and even to attack installations in the Marianas themselves. The capture of Iwo Jima would provide emergency landing airfields for B-29s and a base for
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3802:, a Japanese victory during which four Allied heavy cruisers were sunk, while no Japanese ships were lost. It was one of the worst Allied naval defeats of the war. The victory was mitigated only by the failure of the Japanese to attack the vulnerable transports. Had they done so, the first American counterattack in the Pacific could have been stopped. The Japanese originally perceived the American landings as nothing more than a reconnaissance.
14073:. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961.
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4909:. Many other ships of Center Force were attacked, but continued on. Convinced that their attacks had made Center Force ineffective, the American carriers headed north to address the newly detected threat of the Japanese carriers of Ozawa's Northern Force. On the night of 24–25 October, the Southern Force under Nishimura attempted to enter Leyte Gulf from the south through Surigao Strait, where an American-Australian force led by Rear Admiral
91:
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5567:: "because the Japanese on Okinawa... were so fierce in their defense (even when cut off, and without supplies), and because casualties were so appalling, many American strategists looked for an alternative means to subdue mainland Japan, other than a direct invasion. This means presented itself, with the advent of atomic bombs, which worked admirably in convincing the Japanese to sue for peace , without American casualties."
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102:
4662:, with a target date of 15 June. All forces for the Marianas operation—535 warships and auxiliaries together with a ground force of over 127,500 troops—were to be commanded by Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. For the Americans, the Marianas operation would provide the interruption of the Japanese air pipeline to the south; the development of advanced naval bases; the establishment of airfields to base
3643:
strike aircraft based on Midway had already departed, adding to the 116 carrier aircraft on their way to attack the
Japanese. The aircraft from Midway attacked, but failed to score a single hit. In the middle of these uncoordinated attacks, a Japanese scout aircraft reported the presence of an American task force, but it was not until later that the presence of an American carrier was confirmed. Vice Admiral
5618:
4924:, 500 miles (800 km) north of Leyte Gulf, the Americans launched over 500 aircraft sorties at the Northern Force, followed by a surface group of cruisers and destroyers. All four Japanese carriers were sunk, but the Japanese had succeeded in drawing the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf. On 25 October the final major surface action fought between the Japanese and the American fleets occurred off
6010:
killed in action and 37,000 became prisoners. 8,500 of these POWs would die in
Japanese captivity. Dutch naval losses in the Pacific numbered 2 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 5 submarines, 7 minelayers, and 7 minesweepers. About 30,000 Dutch and 300,000 Indonesian forced laborers died during the Japanese occupation of the East Indies, while 3 million Indonesian civilians perished in famines.
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4258:. This experience drove the Allies to improve their techniques of amphibious landings, implementing changes such as thorough pre-emptive bombings and bombardment, more careful planning regarding tides and landing schedules, and better coordination. Operations on the Gilberts were followed in late-January and mid-February 1944 by further, less costly, landings on the Marshall Islands.
5270:, where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. As soon as the Marines pushed inland they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast, but their losses were severe: almost 2,000 men killed or wounded. On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Mt. Suribachi, prompting the now famous
4435:, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based. Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties, these attacks, the biggest in several years, gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in
4371:
4139:, fell behind. The Allies began a long movement across the Pacific, seizing several island bases. Some Japanese strongholds like Truk, Rabaul, and Formosa, were neutralized by air attack and bypassed. The goal was to get close to Japan itself, then launch massive strategic air attacks, improve the submarine blockade, and finally (only if necessary) execute an invasion.
4443:. Japanese losses in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve victory over China. Operation Ichi-Go created a sense of social confusion in the areas of China that it affected. Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath.
4588:, eventually encircling and neutralizing the stronghold. With their position in the Solomons disintegrating, the Japanese modified the Z Plan by eliminating the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago as vital areas to be defended. They then based their possible actions on the defense of an inner perimeter, which included the
4052:. The Chindits suffered heavy losses (1,138 out of a force of just over 3,000) and had inflicted only minor damage to the Japanese lines of communication. Wingate insisted that ordinary British and Indian troops could fight in the jungle as easily as the Japanese. The raid also contributed to the Japanese decision to invade India during 1944.
3986:, the Chinese forced Japan to fight a campaign of attrition. Although the Japanese captured the city, the Chinese were able to pin them down long enough for reinforcements to arrive and encircle them. The Chinese then cut Japanese supply lines, provoking a retreat and Chinese pursuit. During the battle, Japan used chemical weapons.
2078:, as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the
2994:(ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia, remained under local commands. On 15 January, Wavell moved to
5329:. The capture of Okinawa would provide airbases to intensify aerial bombardment of Japan and for direct land-based air support of the invasion of Kyushu. The islands could also allow for tightening the blockade of Japanese shipping and be used as a staging area and supply base for any invasion of the home islands.
3955:, with the goal of locating surviving American airmen, applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them, and destroying air bases. This operation started on 15 May 1942 with 40 infantry and 15–16 artillery battalions, but was repelled by Chinese forces in September. During this campaign, the IJA engaged in
4932:. For the Japanese the defeat at Leyte Gulf was catastrophic—its navy's greatest ever loss of ships and men in combat. The inevitable liberation of the Philippines also meant that the home islands would be virtually cut off from the vital resources from Japan's occupied territories in Southeast Asia.
6767:"For fifty-three long months, beginning in July 1937, China stood alone, single-handedly fighting an undeclared war against Japan. On 9 December 1941, after Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, what had been for so long a war between two countries now became part of a much wider Pacific conflict."
6446:
General George C. Marshall put
Japanese "battle dead" against the Americans at 965,000 (South Pacific: 684,000, Central Pacific: 273,000, Aleutians: 8,000), with 37,308 captured, from 7 December 1941 to 30 June 1945 (the war had yet to conclude). These are juxtaposed with the losses in the theater of
5978:
Australia incurred losses of 45,841 not including natural deaths: 17,501 killed (including POW deaths in captivity), 13,997 wounded, and 14,345 living POWs. New
Zealand lost 578 killed, with an unknown number wounded or captured. 294 Canadians were killed in Hong Kong and the Aleutians, and a further
5681:
the Soviet Union had agreed to enter the war against Japan 90 days after the surrender of
Germany. At the time Soviet participation was seen as crucial to tie down the large number of Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea, keeping them from being transferred to the Home Islands to mount a defense to
5246:
was assigned command of the island in May 1944. The
Japanese began constructing elaborate defenses, making the best possible use of the island's natural caves and uneven, rocky terrain. The island was transformed into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and underground passageways leading from
5197:
in southern Burma. They suffered 14,000 casualties, half their strength. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 Japanese soldiers surrendered and were taken prisoner. The Allies were preparing to make amphibious landings in Malaya when word of the Japanese surrender arrived.
4666:
from which to bomb Japan; and the choice among several possible objectives for the next phase of operations, which would keep the Japanese uncertain. It was also hoped that this penetration of the Japanese inner defense zone might force the Japanese fleet out for a decisive engagement. The ability to
4355:
against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without aiding survivors. The US had a long supply line, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, but Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance
6013:
Similar to the Dutch, the 65,000-strong French colonial army in French Indochina (16,500 European French and 48,500 colonial) disintegrated at the end of the Japanese invasion. 2,129 European French and 2,100 Indochinese colonial troops were killed, while 12,000 French and 3,000 colonial troops were
5857:
notes that there are inconsistencies within the official US statistics themselves. The total number of dead in Pacific theaters rises to 113,079 if Army non-battle deaths are included. Over half of all American losses suffered in the Pacific occurred between July 1944 and July 1945. Combined, the US
5351:
beaches of the island's west coast. However, there was little opposition at the beaches as the Japanese had decided to meet the Americans farther inland out of range of naval gunfire. About 60,000 American troops landed on the first day, seizing the two nearby airfields and pushing across the narrow
4828:
it in two days. The Japanese had only enough pilots left to form the air group for one of their light carriers. The Mobile Fleet returned home with only 35 aircraft of the 430 with which it had begun. The battle ended in a total Japanese defeat and resulted in the virtual end of their carrier force.
4823:
were sunk by American submarine attacks. After the second day of the battle, losses totaled three carriers and 445 aircrew with more than 433 carrier aircraft and around 200 land-based aircraft. The Americans lost 130 aircraft and 76 aircrew, many losses due to aircraft running out of fuel returning
3285:
ordered MacArthur to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur, who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing
2814:
By November these plans were essentially complete, and were modified only slightly over the next month. Japanese military planners' expectation of success rested on the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union being unable to effectively respond to a Japanese attack because of the threat posed to each by
5974:
The Royal Navy lost 23 warships in the Pacific and Indian oceans: 1 battleship, 1 battlecruiser, 1 aircraft carrier, 3 cruisers, 8 destroyers, 5 submarines, and 4 escorts. There were significant indirect losses to the British Empire territories of India and Burma, including 3 million deaths in
5664:
campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the atomic bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender and helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and conventional bombing campaign, any of which would have
5177:
During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) to the north. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, which would commit his army to prolonged action with
5120:
In late 1944 and early 1945, the Allied South East Asia Command launched offensives into Burma, intending to recover most of the country, including Rangoon, the capital, before the onset of the monsoon in May. The offensives were fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and American forces
4827:
Although the defeat at the Philippine Sea was severe in terms of the loss of the three fleet carriers, its more significant impact was the loss of the carrier air groups. The Japanese had spent the better part of a year reconstituting their carrier air groups, and the Americans had destroyed 90% of
4035:
advanced overland down the Mayu peninsula. The offensive was stalled at Rathedaung and Donbaik, only a few miles north of Akyab, by numerically inferior Japanese forces who occupied bunkers. Repeated assaults, from January to March 1943, failed to overcome these positions. A Japanese division moved
3229:
The Australian Government ... regards the Pacific struggle as primarily one in which the United States and Australia must have the fullest say in the direction of the democracies' fighting plan. Without inhibitions of any kind, I make it clear that Australia looks to America, free of any pangs
6009:
The entire 140,000-strong Royal Dutch East Indies Army was killed, captured, or missing by the conclusion of the East Indies Campaign. 1,500 colonial and 900 Dutch soldiers were killed in action. Most of the colonial soldiers were freed on the spot or deserted. Of the ethnic Dutch troops, 900 were
5885:
The official account of the war published in Taiwan reported that the Nationalist Chinese Army lost 3,238,000 men (1,797,000 wounded, 1,320,000 killed, and 120,000 missing) and 5,787,352 civilians casualties putting the total number of casualties at 9,025,352. The soldiers of the Chinese Communist
5861:
The US protectorate in the Philippines suffered considerable losses. Military losses were 27,000 dead (including POWs), 75,000 living POWs, and an unknown number wounded, not counting irregulars that fought in the insurgency. Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Filipino civilians died due to war-related
5419:
After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan was losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalist forces and Communist guerrillas in the countryside. The IJA began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945, mobilizing 80,000 men to seize Chinese
4969:
devastated Japanese attempts to resupply. In torrential rains and over difficult terrain, the US advance continued across Leyte and the neighboring island of Samar to the north. On 7 December US Army units landed and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and
3163:
On 8 December 1941, Japanese bombers struck American airfields on Luzon. They caught most of the planes on the ground, destroying 103 aircraft, more than half of the US air strength. Two days later, further raids led to the destruction of the Cavite Naval Yard. By 13 December, Japanese attacks had
3136:
Within China, cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their areas of operation. The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their
2754:
As early as 1935, Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, important to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese
5698:
which resumed hostilities between the USSR and Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The USSR's entry into the war was a significant factor in the Japanese decision to surrender as it became apparent the
5261:
An intense naval and air bombardment preceded the landing but did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. The hidden guns and defenses survived the bombardment virtually unscathed. On the morning of 19 February 1945, 30,000 men under the
4729:
in the Palau Islands on 15 September, was notable for a drastic change in Japanese defensive tactics, resulting in the highest casualty rate amongst US forces in an amphibious operation during the Pacific War. Instead of the predicted four days, it took until 27 November to secure the island. The
5585:
raids. On 9–10 March 1945 LeMay oversaw Operation Meetinghouse in which 300 B-29s dropped 1,665 tons of bombs, mostly napalm-carrying M-69 incendiary bombs, on the Japanese capital. This attack is seen the most destructive bombing raid in history and killed between 80,000 and 100,000 people in a
5508:
Although the campaign was criticized in Australia as a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it achieved a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were
4508:
cut the main road to Imphal and isolated a small British garrison, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations relieved the garrison of Kohima and drove the Japanese from the positions they had
3642:
The battle began on 3 June, when American aircraft from Midway spotted and attacked the Japanese transport group 700 miles (1,100 km) west of the atoll. On 4 June, the Japanese launched a 108-aircraft strike on the island but failed to deliver a decisive blow to the island's facilities. The
3622:
Admiral Yamamoto viewed the operation against Midway as the potentially decisive battle of the war which could lead to the destruction of American strategic power in the Pacific, and subsequently allow for a negotiated peace settlement. Through strategic and tactical surprise, the Japanese would
3168:
had been sent to the southern Philippines. However, with little air protection, the remaining surface vessels in the Philippines, especially the larger ships, were sent to Java or to Australia, and the remaining American bombers flew to Australia in mid-December. The only forces that remained to
2907:
In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu without warning, which left eight American battleships out of action, destroyed 188 American aircraft, and killed 2,403 Americans. The Japanese believed that the
5400:
The battle for Okinawa proved costly and lasted much longer than the Americans had expected. The Japanese skillfully utilized terrain to inflict maximum casualties. Total American casualties were 49,451, including 12,520 dead or missing and 36,631 wounded. Japanese casualties were approximately
5392:
In the northern part of Okinawa American troops only met light opposition, and the area was seized within about two weeks. However, the main Japanese defenses were in the south. There was bitter fighting against well-entrenched Japanese troops, but US forces slowly made progress. The seizure of
4413:
In 1944 the US Navy restructured their submarine fleet, installing effective shipboard radar on its 150 submarines, replacing commanders deemed lacking in aggression, and fixing the faults in the torpedoes. Japanese commerce protection was "shiftless beyond description", and convoys were poorly
2810:
Japanese planning was for a limited war where Japan would seize key objectives and then establish a defensive perimeter to defeat Allied counterattacks, which in turn would lead to a negotiated peace. The early war was divided into two operational phases. The First Operational Phase was further
6057:
Eight hundred thousand Japanese civilians and over two million Japanese soldiers died during the war. According to a report by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (1937–1945) numbered approximately
5896:
gave a figure of 3,949,000 people in China murdered directly by the Japanese army while giving a figure of 10,216,000 total dead in the war with the additional millions of deaths due to indirect causes like starvation or disease. Famines during the war caused by drought affected both China and
5889:
An academic study published in the United States estimates Chinese military casualties as 1.5 million killed in battle, 750,000 missing in action, 1.5 million deaths due to disease and 3 million wounded; civilian casualties: due to military activity, killed 1,073,496 and 237,319
5780:
decided to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the Emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied
5280:
Iwo Jima was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans during the Pacific War. American casualties were 6,821 killed and 19,207 wounded. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, with only 1,083 prisoners taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the
4670:
On 15 June, the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions supported by a naval bombardment group landed on Saipan. However, Japanese fire was so effective that the first day's objective was not reached until Day 3. After fanatic Japanese resistance, the Marines captured Aslito airfield on 18 June. Nafutan,
4520:
rains descended in mid-May, they also succumbed to disease in large numbers. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imphal. The two Allied attacks met on 22 June, breaking the Japanese siege of Imphal. The Japanese
3423:
proposed to achieve the destruction of the US Navy by occupying Midway Atoll, an objective he thought the Americans would be certain to fight for, as Midway was close enough to threaten Hawaii. During a series of meetings held from 2–5 April, the Naval General Staff and representatives of the
6005:
Between Lake Khasan, Khalkin Gol, advisors deployed to China, and the 1945 operations in Manchuria and the Kuriles, Soviet casualties against Japan totaled 68,612: 22,731 killed/missing and 45,908 wounded. Material losses included some 1,000 tanks and AFVs, 5 landing ships, and 300 aircraft.
3385:
advocated an advance to the south to seize parts of Australia, but with large numbers of troops engaged in China and Manchuria, the Imperial Army declined to contribute the forces necessary. The Naval General Staff still wanted to cut the sea links between Australia and the US by capturing
6548:
According to the findings of the Tokyo Tribunal, the death rate of Western prisoners was 27%, seven times that of Western POWs under the Germans and Italians. Some of the more notorious instances of abuse of prisoners were the Bataan Death March and forced labor in the construction of the
17691:
5005:
by American forces in the Pacific theater. As the advance on Manila continued from the north and the south, the Bataan Peninsula was rapidly secured. On 16 February paratroopers and amphibious units assaulted the island fortress of Corregidor, and resistance ended there on 27 February.
3910:
By late 1942, Japanese headquarters had decided to make Guadalcanal their priority. The Americans hoped to use their numerical advantage at Guadalcanal to progressively drain Japanese manpower. Ultimately nearly 20,000 Japanese died on Guadalcanal compared to just over 7,000 Americans.
3197:. On the night of 5–6 May, after an intensive aerial and artillery bombardment, the Japanese landed on Corregidor and Wainwright surrendered. In the southern Philippines, where key ports and airfields had already been seized, the remaining American-Filipino forces surrendered on 9 May.
4385:
The US Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines in early 1942 led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. Basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while
3009:. After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore, but were forced to surrender to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 130,000 Indian, British, Australian and Dutch personnel became prisoners of war.
5276:
photograph, often cited as the most reproduced photograph ever and the archetypal representation of the Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. It was not until 26 March that the island was secured.
5858:
and allied navies lost nearly 200 warships, including 4 battleships, 12 aircraft carriers, 25 cruisers, 84 destroyers and destroyer escorts, 63 submarines, and nearly 30,000 aircraft. This gave the Allies a 2–1 exchange ratio with the Japanese in terms of ships and aircraft.
3634:
discovered the planned attack on Midway. Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by the American fleet before the Japanese had expected them. Planned surveillance of the American fleet in Pearl Harbor by long-ranged seaplanes did not occur as a result of an
4347:
American submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. American submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. They also played important reconnaissance roles and rescued hundreds of downed fliers.
3192:
assumed command in the Philippines. The defenders on Bataan, running low on ammunition and supplies, could not hold back a final Japanese offensive. Bataan fell on 9 April, with the 76,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war being subjected to the 66 miles (106 km)
3188:. After some initial success, they were stalled by disease and casualties, but they could be reinforced while the Americans and Filipinos could not. On 11 March 1942, under orders from President Roosevelt, MacArthur fled Corregidor for Australia, and Lieutenant General
5233:
Although the Marianas were secure and American bases firmly established, the long 1,200 miles (1,900 km) range from the Marianas meant that B-29 aircrews bombing Japan found themselves ditching at sea if severely damaged. Attention focused on the small island of
3404:, 600 miles (970 km) from Japan. The raid inflicted minimal material damage on Japanese soil but was a morale boost for the US; it also had psychological repercussions in Japan, exposing the danger to the Japanese homeland from American carrier forces. With only
5380:
had only enough to reach Okinawa. Off Okinawa it was planned to beach the battleship and use her 18.1-inch (46 cm) guns to support fighting on the island. After being sighted by an American submarine and reconnaissance aircraft, naval attack aircraft sunk the
5053:. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles, dispersed as small units. Throughout the Philippines,
4627:
along with large numbers of land-based aircraft, would be concentrated. If the Americans attacked the Marianas, they would be attacked by land-based planes in the vicinity. Then the Americans would be lured into the areas where the Mobile Fleet could defeat them.
17684:
4134:
After Midway, the US used its vast industrial potential to make more ships, planes, and train its aircrews. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training program, or adequate naval resources and
6861:
Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 1,770,036, Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716, and Marine Corps: 484,631. These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India
2908:
Americans, faced with such a sudden and massive blow, would agree to a negotiated settlement. American losses were less serious than initially thought: the three American aircraft carriers were at sea, and vital naval infrastructure, submarine base, and
6824:
The US thereby reversed its opposition to unrestricted submarine warfare. After the war, when moralistic doubts about Hiroshima and other raids on civilian targets were loudly voiced, no one criticized Roosevelt's submarine policy. (Two German admirals,
3546:
Although they managed to sink a carrier, the battle was a disaster for the Japanese, as all three carriers that were committed to the battle would now be unavailable for the operation against Midway. After Coral Sea, the Japanese had four fleet carriers
17677:
3464:
and was divided into several parts. Tulagi would be occupied on 3 May; the carriers would then conduct a sweep through the Coral Sea to find and destroy Allied naval forces, with the landings conducted to capture Port Moresby scheduled for 10 May. The
2778:
viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the
4439:. Despite major tactical victories, the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains. A majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area, and later come back to attack Japanese positions at the
1980:
stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the
5881:
lists the total number of military and non-military casualties, both dead and wounded, at 35 million. Duncan Anderson, Head of the Department of War Studies at the Royal Military Academy, states that the total number of casualties was around
2818:
The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the US was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia.
13672:
4417:
Underwater warfare was especially dangerous; of the 16,000 Americans who went out on patrol, 3,500 (22%) never returned, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The Japanese losses, 130 submarines in all, were higher.
5155:, the new Japanese commander in Burma, hoped that the Allies' lines of communications would be overstretched trying to cross this obstacle. However, the advancing British Fourteenth Army switched its axis of advance to outflank the Japanese.
5852:
American casualties were 107,903 battle deaths and 208,333 wounded. The figure for battle deaths include Army prisoners who died in Japanese captivity, this is the standard itemization of for US deaths in the Pacific War. However, historian
5017:
In all, ten US divisions and five independent regiments battled on Luzon, making it the largest campaign of the Pacific War, involving more troops than the US had used in North Africa, Italy, or southern France. Forces included the Mexican
5685:
On 9 August, exactly on schedule, the Soviet Union entered the war by invading Manchuria. A battle-hardened, one million-strong Soviet force, transferred from Europe, attacked Japanese forces and landed a heavy blow against the Japanese
3498:, was assembled to stop the Japanese advance. On 7 May, the Japanese carriers launched a full strike on a contact reported to be enemy carriers, but the report turned out to be false. The strike force found and struck only an oiler, the
3428:
to the operation against Port Moresby and include an attack to seize strategic points in the Aleutian Islands simultaneously with the Midway operation. These were enough to remove the Japanese margin of superiority in the Midway attack.
5886:
Party suffered 584,267 casualties, of which 160,603 were killed, 133,197 missing, and 290,467 wounded. This would equate to a total of 3.82 million combined NRA/CCP casualties, of which 1.74 million were killed or missing.>
5968:(86,600), Battle of Hong Kong (15,000), and various naval encounters, British, Dominion and Empire forces incurred some 235,000 casualties in the Pacific Theater, including roughly 82,000 killed (50,000 in combat and 32,000 as POWs).
4996:
Two more major landings followed, one to cut off the Bataan Peninsula, and another, that included a parachute drop, south of Manila. Pincers closed on the city, and on 3 February 1945 American forces pushed into Manila. The month-long
5375:
and eight destroyers were assembled as bait to draw away as many American carrier aircraft as possible, in order to leave Allied naval forces vulnerable to large-scale Kamikaze attacks. As a consequence of Japanese fuel shortages the
5397:, the center of Japanese resistance, on 29 May represented both a strategic and psychological blow. Organized resistance was not over until 21 June; many Japanese went into hiding and the campaign was not declared over until 2 July.
5432:. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men, supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces won decisively and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese repelled a
5401:
110,000 killed, and 7,400 taken prisoner. 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians. Kamikaze attacks also sank 36 ships, damaged 368 more and killed 4,900 US sailors, for the loss of 7,800 Japanese aircraft.
4854:
between Japan and Southeast Asia. Thus the Japanese devised a plan to force a decisive battle by utilizing their last remaining strength – the firepower of its heavy cruisers and battleships – against the American beachhead at
4339:
The Japanese military claimed its defenses sank 468 Allied submarines during the war. In reality, only 42 American submarines were sunk in the Pacific due to hostile action, with 10 others lost in accidents or as the result of
3809:
ensured American control of the waters around Guadalcanal during daytime, while superior night-fighting capabilities of the IJN gave the Japanese the advantage at night. In August, Japanese and US carrier forces engaged in the
3895:. Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field but suffered high casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the "
6450:
The IJN lost over 341 warships, including 11 battleships, 25 aircraft carriers, 39 cruisers, 135 destroyers, and 131 submarines, almost entirely in action against the US Navy. The IJN and IJA together lost 45,125 aircraft.
3017:
fell in February. The rapid collapse of Allied resistance left the "ABDA area" split in two. Wavell resigned from ABDACOM on 25 February, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders and returning to the post of
3899:" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces. Fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as "
12950:
Murashima, Eiji (2006). "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence".
5693:
The Manchurian strategic offensive operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. This was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945
7054:
Estimates of 1 to 6 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937–1945); around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;, 1–2 million Vietnamese civilian deaths; around 3 million Indian civilian deaths in the
5325:. The seizure of islands in the Ryukyus was to have been the last step before the actual invasion of the Japanese home islands. Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands, was located 340 miles (550 km) from
2950:
Hong Kong was attacked on 8 December and fell on 25 December 1941. American bases on Guam and Wake Island were lost at around the same time. British, Australian, and Dutch forces, already drained of personnel and
5643:
in history. In a press release issued after the bombing, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this Earth". On 9 August, the US dropped
3209:. Australia was ill-prepared for an attack, lacking armaments, modern fighter aircraft, heavy bombers, and aircraft carriers. While still calling for reinforcements from Churchill, the Australian Prime Minister
7895:
document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by
5121:
against Japan, assisted to some degree by Thailand, the Burma National Army and the Indian National Army. The Commonwealth land forces were drawn primarily from the United Kingdom, British India, and Africa.
4142:
The US Navy did not seek out the Japanese fleet for a decisive battle, the Allied advance could only be stopped by a Japanese naval attack, which oil shortages (induced by submarine attack) made impossible.
3483:. From the Allied point of view, if Port Moresby fell, the Japanese would control the seas to the north and west of Australia and could isolate the country. An Allied task force under the command of Admiral
6837:
of violating international law through unrestricted submarine warfare; the court acquitted them after they proved that Allied merchant ships were legitimate military targets under the rules in force at the
4043:
Most officers accepted that the failure resulted from inadequate training for jungle warfare. To offset the results of the Arakan offensive, the Allies widely publicised a long distance raid mounted by the
2019:
The Pacific War Council as photographed on 12 October 1942. Pictured are representatives from the United States (seated), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, China, the Netherlands, and the
11527:
George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939–30 June 1945. Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. p. 202.
4528:, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the reinforced Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In mid-1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force
7072:
2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937–1945, 1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937–1945 (432,000 dead), 22,000 Burmese casualties, 5,600 Thai troops killed, and 2,615 Indian National Army (
4859:. The Japanese planned to use their remaining carriers as bait to lure the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf long enough for the heavy warships to enter and to destroy any American ships present.
4862:
The Japanese assembled four carriers, nine battleships, 14 heavy cruisers, seven light cruisers, and 35 destroyers. They split into three forces: the "Center Force", under the command of Vice Admiral
3975:
pathogens. Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died, out of a total 10,000 who fell ill when Japanese biological weapons infected their own forces.
3754:
were within sight of Port Moresby but were ordered to withdraw to the northeastern coast. Australian and US forces attacked their fortified positions and after more than two months of fighting in the
5586:
single night, destroying over 270,000 buildings and leaving over 1 million homeless. In the ten days that followed, almost 10,000 bombs were dropped, destroying 31% of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kobe.
4312:, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied navies—less than two percent in the case of the US Navy. Submarines strangled Japan by sinking its merchant fleet, intercepting many
3306:
In early 1942, the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council. The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington DC on 1 April 1942, with President
7198:
7173:
5186:
was launched on 1 May, to find that the Japanese had already evacuated. The troops that occupied Rangoon linked up with Fourteenth Army five days later, securing the Allies' lines of communication.
4917:, Shima's group was unable to coordinate its movements with Nishimura's group and arrived at Surigao Strait in the middle of the encounter; after making a haphazard torpedo attack, Shima retreated.
4600:, and the Dutch East Indies. Meanwhile, in the Central Pacific the Americans initiated a major offensive, beginning in November 1943 with landings in the Gilbert Islands. Japanese garrisons in the
2919:
Opposition to war in the US vanished after the attack. On 8 December, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands declared war on Japan, followed by Australia the next day.
11503:
7351:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011), p. 299.Figure is for U.S. losses only. China, the British Commonwealth, the USSR and other nations collectively add several thousand more to this total.
4878:; the "Northern Force", under the command of Ozawa, which had four carriers and two battleships partly converted to carriers; and the "Southern Force", containing one group under the command of
4316:, and cutting off nearly all the oil imports essential to weapons production and military operations. By early 1945, Japanese oil supplies were so limited that its fleet was virtually stranded.
3274:. The IJA opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of
2955:
by two years of war with Germany, and heavily committed in the Middle East, North Africa, and elsewhere, were unable to provide much more than token resistance. Two major British warships, the
2872:
6594:
estimated that 84% of the attacked area was residential, mostly inhabited by women, children and the elderly; the over 100,000 victims constitute the deadliest aerial bombing raid in history.
5174:. The Japanese armies were heavily defeated, and with the capture of Mandalay, the Burmese population and the Burma National Army (which the Japanese had raised) turned against the Japanese.
2706:. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread
2505:
at the outset of its conquests of South East Asia. This headquarters controlled the bulk of the Japanese Army formations which opposed the Western Allies in the Pacific and South East Asia.
4760:
in the Marianas the Japanese viewed holding Saipan as imperative. Consequently, they responded with their largest carrier force of the war: the nine-carrier Mobile Fleet under Vice Admiral
8117:
5792:
Should we continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization.
1917:. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 December (8 December Japanese time) 1941, when the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in
12063:
The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Budapest, Hungary, 2001
5336:, totaled some 75,000–100,000, augmented by thousands of civilians. American forces for the operation totaled 183,000 troops in seven divisions (four US Army and three Marine) under the
5030:
of the United States Army Air Forces that flew tactical support missions. Of the 250,000 Japanese troops defending Luzon, 80 percent died. The last Japanese soldier in the Philippines,
2607:
and captured it in October after a four-month campaign. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the US—condemned Japan, especially after the
4913:
ambushed the Japanese. American destroyers and naval gunfire destroyed two battleships and three destroyers, with only a single Japanese destroyer surviving. As a result of observing
3805:
With Japanese and Allied forces occupying parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition. US air cover based at
6776:: "It was not an official term, but a term of incitement used by the Japanese media, under the guidance of the military, in order to stir up the Japanese people's sense of crisis..."
2799:. It was decided—because of the close relationship between the UK and the US, and the belief that the US would inevitably become involved—that Japan would also take the Philippines,
5420:
airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with
5128:
divisions) advanced along the coast in Arakan Province, at last capturing Akyab Island. They landed troops behind the retreating Japanese, inflicting heavy casualties, and captured
1313:
4560:
or the Z Plan, which envisioned the use of Japanese naval power to counter American forces threatening the outer defense perimeter line: from the Aleutians down through Wake, the
3078:
and other Allied ships were sunk. The attack forced the Royal Navy to withdraw to the western part of the Indian Ocean, paving the way for a Japanese assault on Burma and India.
2943:, surrendered within hours of the Japanese invasion. The government of Thailand formally allied with Japan on 21 December. To the south, the IJA had seized the British colony of
19238:
17796:
14270:
6673:
5242:
as well as land-based air support to protect US naval fleets in Japanese waters. However, the Japanese had also come to realize the strategic value of Iwo Jima, and Lt. General
4469:
After the Allied setbacks in 1943, the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts. In early 1944, the Chinese and American troops of the
3206:
8949:
8923:
4040:
took over the front, and intended to mount a riposte, but their troops were exhausted and the division was forced to fall back to the Indian frontier in the first week in May.
14254:
10314:
2912:
units were unscathed, and the fact the bombing happened while the US was not officially at war caused a wave of outrage across the US. Japan's fallback strategy, relying on a
8349:, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Washington December 1946, Table B-2. From 1942 to 1945, 92,511,000 yen was spent on the IJA and 59,766,000 yen was spent on the IJN.
4965:. The US Sixth Army continued its advance from the east, while the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the western side. The US reinforced the Sixth Army successfully, but the
8471:
5060:
The US Eighth Army moved on to its first landing on Mindanao (17 April), the last of the major Philippine Islands to be taken. Then followed the invasion and occupation of
4989:'s Sixth Army landed its first units on the western coast of Luzon. Almost 175,000 men followed within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking
4169:, a series of amphibious invasions to recapture the Solomon Islands and New Guinea and ultimately isolate the major Japanese forward base at Rabaul. Following the Japanese
18511:
18429:
16209:
11638:
5593:, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the little remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, US President
3271:
15954:
2572:
by providing large amounts of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best armies to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops
15562:
14238:
5424:
as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from
4521:
finally broke off the operation on 3 July. They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease—the worst defeat suffered by the IJA to that date.
19233:
17560:
15578:
14069:
10639:
6663:
5653:
5344:
operated as a separate unit; its objective was to strike airfields on the chain of islands between Formosa and Okinawa, to prevent the Japanese reinforcing Okinawa.
3519:. On 8 May, the opposing carrier forces finally found each other and exchanged air strikes. Aircraft from the two Japanese carriers succeeded in sinking the carrier
11983:
Boyd, Carl (1979). "The Japanese Submarine Force and the Legacy of Strategic and Operational Doctrine Developed Between the World Wars". In Addington, Larry (ed.).
5939:
The property loss suffered by the Chinese was valued at 383 billion US dollars according to the currency exchange rate in July 1937, roughly 50 times the
4363:
and Rabaul. In addition, Japan honored its neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union and ignored American freighters shipping military supplies from San Francisco to
3891:
During the campaign, most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in engagements with the
5140:
and Lashio, while the Chinese and American Northern Combat Area Command resumed its advance in northern Burma. In late January 1945, these two forces linked up at
15898:
3184:. A series of withdrawal actions brought his troops safely into Bataan, while the Japanese entered Manila unopposed on 2 January 1942. On 7 January, the Japanese
3125:, which was the western Allies' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists. Many of the Chinese troops were forced either to retreat to India or in small parties to
18634:
15501:
15473:
14617:
13255:
Selden, Mark (2008). "A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq'".
17539:
16218:
15905:
15039:
3591:
had been damaged at Coral Sea and was believed by Japanese naval intelligence to have been sunk. She would sortie for Midway after just three days of repairs.
1205:
6613:
from 29 April 1946 to 12 November 1948 tried those accused of the most serious war crimes. Military tribunals were also held throughout Asia and the Pacific.
16521:
15884:
15193:
14818:
1663:
1306:
3888:, one of the only two battles in the Pacific War during which battleships fought each other; two US admirals were killed and two Japanese battleships sunk.
18664:
18171:
15534:
15480:
14666:
7998:
3907:
and withdrew in February 1943. In the six-month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time.
6447:
the US Army alone, suggesting Japanese naval casualties were not included. His figure for Japanese "battle dead" in China was 126,000 in the same period.
4815:. The four Japanese air strikes involved 373 carrier aircraft, of which 130 returned to the carriers. Many of these survivors were subsequently lost when
3884:. However, the two IJN carriers had to retire to home waters. From 12 to 15 November, Japanese and American surface ships engaged in night actions in the
2105:(1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War
19122:
15991:
15487:
15103:
1120:
11689:
3424:
Combined Fleet reached a compromise. Yamamoto got his Midway operation, but only after he had threatened to resign. In return, Yamamoto had to allocate
2683:
in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed in late March 1940. In August 1940, Chinese communists launched an
14513:
13127:
11499:
7287:
6638:
5971:
Britain incurred 90,332 casualties, of whom 29,968 were killed, 12,433 as prisoners of war. The Japanese captured a total of 50,016 POWs from Britain.
5772:
The effects of the American air and naval attacks, two atomic bombings, and the Soviet entry were profound. On 10 August 1945, Japanese Prime Minister
3798:
at Rabaul, quickly sailed to engage the Allied force off the coast of Guadalcanal. On the night of 8–9 August, Mikawa's quick response resulted in the
1465:
1398:
10107:
6577:
15877:
15324:
15200:
5571:
792:
11368:, and 133 BA-6/BA-10 armored cars. This does not include tanks that only sustained light to moderate damage, or ones lost due to mechanical failure.
11337:
9647:
2548:, seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industrial economy. By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and it was ready to move deeper into China. The
19268:
17917:
15177:
14557:
8888:
6530:
6058:
2,121,000 men, mostly against either the Americans (1.1+ million), or against Chinese factions (500,000+). The losses were broken down as follows:
4068:
3647:
was put in a difficult tactical situation. After quick deliberation, he opted for a delayed but better-prepared attack on the American task force.
1299:
8641:
7454:: 5,698 Australian casualties prior to January 1943, 17,107 between January 1943 and April 1944, and ~4,000 from April 1944 to the end of the war.
4744:
18198:
15614:
14926:
11411:
8121:
7677:
5389:
and four of the destroyers. Mass Kamikaze attacks intensified during the following three months, with 5,500 sorties being flown by the Japanese.
4481:. In February 1944, the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in Arakan. After early Japanese success, this counter-attack was defeated in the
3318:
and the Philippines were later added. The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the US-UK
3133:
in Manipur, abandoning most of their transport and equipment. They reached Imphal in May just as the monsoon descended, which halted operations.
2883:
4266:
On 22 November 1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, met in
19299:
17669:
15433:
14735:
11998:
3038:
1176:
17432:
3824:, sinking one Japanese cruiser and one destroyer for the loss of one destroyer. During the night of 13 October, two Japanese fast battleships
3089:. On 23 February, a bridge over the river was demolished prematurely, stranding most of an Indian division. On 8 March, the Japanese occupied
2406:
1835:
965:
16225:
16188:
16165:
15686:
14608:
14578:
14020:
6847:
Chihaya went on to note that when the IJN belatedly improved its ASW methods, the US submarine force responded by increasing Japanese losses.
6693:
3944:
and advanced southward in three columns, attempting again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha. In January 1942, Chinese forces scored
15940:
7438:
Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4. British Empire POWs are given a death rate of 25%.
5355:
The first major Japanese counterattack occurred on 6 and 7 April, in the form of attacks by kamikaze aircraft and a naval operation, called
4890:
into the Philippine Sea, turn southwards, and then attack the landing area. The Southern Force would strike at the landing area through the
4036:
to Arakan from Central Burma and attacked the 14th Indian Division's exposed left flank, overrunning several units. The headquarters of the
19140:
17929:
17808:
16318:
16174:
16158:
16130:
15378:
14585:
11587:
10667:
2390:
2007:
in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.
9899:
9640:
The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee (February 1947), Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Larry Jewell & Patrick Clancey (ed.),
7795:
4901:
on 23 October, two American submarines attacked it, resulting in the loss of two heavy cruisers with another crippled. After entering the
2740:, with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943 in the later case. Japan's strategic bombing campaigns killed 260,000–350,934
19273:
18654:
18585:
17075:
16142:
16054:
15998:
15961:
15243:
11690:"U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan"
10829:
8461:
8024:
4905:
on 24 October, Center Force was assaulted by American carrier aircraft, forcing another heavy cruiser to retire. The Americans then sank
4695:
4529:
4390:
to patrol areas, reducing their effectiveness, and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases. The standard-issue
3698:
having been destroyed, Japan's offensive power was blunted. Early on the morning of 5 June, the Japanese cancelled the Midway operation.
1188:
14012:
13233:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq"
11448:
11219:
5924:
According to historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta, at least 2.7 million civilians died during the "kill all, loot all, burn all" operation (
5909:
led to starvation deaths of 2 to 3 million people, Guangdong famine caused more than 3 million people to flee or die, and the
4016:
In the aftermath of the Japanese conquest of Burma, there was widespread disorder and pro-Independence agitation in eastern India and a
18039:
18027:
16047:
14779:
10607:
6799:
5501:. The attention of the Allies then switched back to the central east coast, with the last major amphibious assault of World War II, at
4894:, while the Northern Force would lure the main American covering forces away from Leyte. Japanese carriers embarked just 108 aircraft.
4694:
were used extensively by the US military as they finally put mainland Japan within round-trip range of American B-29s. Japanese forces
3836:
bombarded Henderson Field. The airfield was temporarily disabled but quickly returned to service. On 26 October, the Japanese carriers
3747:, near the eastern tip of New Guinea. They were beaten back by Allied forces, the first defeat of the war for Japanese forces on land.
3264:
2637:, and Soviet aid to China ended as a result of the signing of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. In September 1940, Japan decided to
2464:
1891:
1617:
1545:
1037:
887:
9921:
5702:
In late 1945, the Soviets launched a series of successful invasions of northern Japanese territories, in preparation for the possible
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featured a force of 60 ships led by two carriers, and 250 aircraft. However, the actual battle did not go according to plan; although
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In January, Japan invaded British Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and
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in March. Japanese submarine scouting lines that were supposed to be in place along the Hawaiian Islands were not completed on time.
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1990:
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1,691 were captured, of whom 273 died as POWs, for a total of 567 dead. Eight Royal Australian Navy warships were sunk: 3 cruisers (
4787:. The few Japanese attackers that managed to reach the US fleet in a staggered sequence encountered massive anti-aircraft fire with
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became commander in chief of the Indian Army and revitalised its administration and training establishments. The British and Indian
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The American carriers also launched a strike with incomplete reconnaissance, and only located and sank the light aircraft carrier
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On 19 June, a series of Japanese carrier air strikes were shattered by strong American defenses. The result was later dubbed the
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4811:. The next day, the Japanese carrier force was subjected to an American carrier air attack and suffered the loss of the carrier
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7904:, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids."
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4496:, into India in mid-March. Lieutenant General Slim, commanding Fourteenth Army, and his forward commander, Lieutenant General
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13091:"Firebombs Over Tokyo America's 1945 attack on Japan's capital remains undeservedly obscure alongside Hiroshima and Nagasaki"
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United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Report of the Working Group for Asia and the Far East, Supp. 10. 1947 pp. 13–14
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The Nanjing Massacre is the most infamous example of Japanese atrocities against civilians during the war. According to the
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As the war turned against Japan, IJN submarines increasingly served to resupply strongholds which had been cut off, such as
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13724:. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944
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5806:. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as
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4473:(NCAC), commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell, began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma, while the
4309:
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By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the
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British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945 Volume 17 of Military History and Policy Series
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kept as prisoners. 1–2 million deaths occurred in French Indochina during the Japanese occupation, mostly due to the
4850:
The loss at the Philippine Sea left the Japanese with two choices: an all-out offensive or allow the Americans to cut the
4020:, causing up to 3 million deaths. Wavell (commander-in-chief in India) was eager to mount counterattacks into Burma.
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The main Japanese landings on Luzon took place on 22 and 24 December. As the Japanese troops converged on Manila, General
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5258:. From mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under American air and naval bombardment, until the days leading up to the invasion.
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attempted to forestall the main Allied attack by withdrawing their troops behind the Irrawaddy River. Lieutenant General
5054:
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and put her out of action. Later in the afternoon, aircraft from the two remaining American carriers found and destroyed
2273:
1957:
1815:
1193:
858:
7900:(a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under
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3982:, commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army, deployed around 100,000 troops to attack Changde. During the seven-week
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5652:. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings
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4536:. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon, the Northern Combat Area Command had secured a vital airfield at
3603:
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2614:. In addition, the Japanese had failed to destroy the Chinese army, who continued to resist from their new capital in
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A young Chinese girl from a Japanese 'comfort battalion' being interviewed by a British officer. Rangoon, Burma, 1945
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3314:, and representatives from Britain, China, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Canada. Representatives from
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defend the Philippines were the ground troops, a few fighter aircraft, about 30 submarines, and a few small vessels.
3042:
2502:
2479:
2166:
1690:
1451:
551:
283:
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5136:, establishing airfields used to support the offensive into Central Burma. The Chinese Expeditionary Force captured
3903:" from the multitude of ships sunk. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. The Japanese
2540:
Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, where between 200,000-300,000 civilians and POWs were murdered by the Japanese Army
1972:. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an
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Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West Volume 67 of Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia
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6568:"—200,000 women and girls, mostly from Korea and China, who were forced to serve in Japanese military camps.
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disastrously inadequate supplies, and in March he had asked that a plan to capture Rangoon by an amphibious force,
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plan and execute such a complex operation in the space of 90 days was indicative of Allied logistical superiority.
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3857:
3732:
3189:
2382:
2378:
2202:
1487:
1403:
778:
49:
15349:
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7093:), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects), 2,000–8,000 Thai civilian deaths
5581:. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29
2230:
1825:
130:
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at Tarsau, in Thailand in 1943. 22,000 Australians were captured by the Japanese; 8,000 died as prisoners of war.
2771:
2569:
2303:
2178:
1982:
1910:
1800:
1737:
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1103:
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5144:. The Ledo Road was completed, linking India and China, but too late in the war to have any significant effect.
4319:
1820:
19228:
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15569:
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During February, the Fourteenth Army secured bridgeheads across the Irrawaddy. On 1 March, mechanised units of
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4202:
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3624:
3554:
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time zones). The locations of this first wave of Japanese attacks included the American territories of Hawaii,
2680:
2545:
2311:
2277:
2185:. The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with colonial troops from
1914:
1749:
1417:
1378:
1030:
1020:
457:
4410:
had broken it. The Japanese promptly changed it, and the new code was not broken again by OP-20-G until 1943.
3298:. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle.
2576:, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back,
2474:
In the Pacific, the Allies divided operational control of their forces between two supreme commands, known as
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5818:. MacArthur then went to Tokyo to oversee the occupation of Japan (from 28 August 1945 to 28 April 1952, the
5724:
5250:
The American operation ("Operation Detachment") to capture the island involved three Marine divisions of the
4699:
4399:
4037:
4032:
3806:
3470:
3164:
wrecked every major airfield and virtually annihilated American air power. The previous month, a part of the
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2864:
2792:
2766:
In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the US, Britain, and the
2664:
2475:
2394:
2347:
2233:
also took part in resistance operations in Indochina. Some active pro-allied guerrillas in Asia included the
1946:
1713:
1695:
1220:
945:
10907:
Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941–31 December 1946,
10104:
7045:
Malaria was the most dangerous disease in the Pacific War. 500,000 American soldiers contracted the disease.
6908:
107,903 battle deaths (not including deaths by accidents or disease), 208,333 wounded and 14,473 living POWs
6553:". Around 1,536 US civilians died in Japanese internment camps, compared to 883 in German internment camps.
5440:
which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces retook Guangxi.
4973:
On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance took place on the southern beaches of the island of
3205:
In late 1941, as the Japanese struck at Pearl Harbor, most of Australia's best forces were committed in the
2721:. Conflicts between Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines
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14033:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 5. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
12841:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
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11313:
10604:"Potsdam Declaration: Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945"
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1781:
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970:
875:
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505:
146:
31:
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Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". In James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.).
11833:
Asada, Sadao (1998). "The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender: A Reconsideration".
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Robert S. Burrell, "Breaking the Cycle of Iwo Jima Mythology: A Strategic Study of Operation Detachment",
2645:. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three main
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Japanese Monograph no. 154: Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front August 1945, p. 39.
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Soviets were no longer willing to act as an intermediary for a negotiated settlement on favorable terms.
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17:
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6526:. The Three Alls Policy was responsible for the deaths of more than 2.7 million Chinese civilians.
6455:
5049:
and Mindoro (the fifth-largest and westernmost Philippine island) on 28 February 1945, with landings at
4431:
In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men and launched an operation across China under the code name
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Allies against the Rising Sun: The United States, the British Nations, and the Defeat of Imperial Japan
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wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability.
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After an intense seven-day bombardment the main landings on Okinawa took place on 1 April 1945, on the
5190:
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4011:
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Meanwhile, Japanese aircraft had all but eliminated Allied air power in Southeast Asia and were making
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191:
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In November 1943 US Marines sustained high casualties when they overwhelmed the 4,500-strong garrison
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12744:. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung (2nd ed.). Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China: Chung Wu Publishing.
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8308:
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4072:
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3019:
2767:
2668:
2410:
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1969:
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1115:
298:
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The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942
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across the Sittaung River during June and July to rejoin the Burma Area Army which had regrouped in
3627:, which was the plan to seize two islands in the Aleutians, concurrently with the attack on Midway.
37:"War in the Pacific" redirects here. For the war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru in 1879–1884, see
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The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941–1943
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Ripples of Battle: How Wars of the Past Still Determine How We Fight, How We Live, and How We Think
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7641:
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6711:
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5337:
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4961:, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, north of
4958:
4474:
4344:. The Dutch lost five submarines due to Japanese attack or minefields, and the British lost three.
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2004:
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on 1 May. This was followed on 1 June by simultaneous assaults in the northwest, on the island of
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supply Leyte. Although fierce fighting continued on Leyte for months, the US Army was in control.
4403:
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Within hours of Pearl Harbor, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine:
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Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occoupation
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7059:; 0.5 to 1 million Filipino civilian deaths; 91,000 to 1,000,000 Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000
5819:
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5437:
5414:
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4998:
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4482:
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Bibliography of World War II battles and campaigns in East Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific
12143:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
10905:
Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Department of the Army,
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5956:
2652:
2629:. They were defeated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by a mixed Soviet and Mongolian force led by
2152:
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Penang At War: A History of Penang During and Between the First and Second World Wars 1914–1945
11516:
Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964.
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5436:. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei in South China. Chinese launched a counter
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3425:
3093:. The allies then tried to defend Central Burma, with Indian and Burmese divisions holding the
3049:
2902:
2894:
2695:
2490:
2342:. Also involved were members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which included the
2238:
2182:
2033:
1953:
1918:
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1110:
821:
371:
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262:
157:
81:
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The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942
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Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000
5474:, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. Allied naval and air forces, centered on the
4921:
3105:. On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the
2691:" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas, killing at least 2.7 million civilians.
44:"Pacific theater of World War II" redirects here. For the US military area of operations, see
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Retrieved 25 July 2015; Major British Warship Losses in World War II. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
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Towards the end of the war as strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the
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Stevens, Keith (March 2005). "A token operation: 204 military mission to China, 1941–1945".
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on 7 December 1941, which brought the contained war in China into the wider global conflict.
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was cancelled, and the Japanese were forced to abandon their attempts to isolate Australia.
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in late February and early March, the IJN defeated the main ABDA naval force, under Admiral
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15032:
14710:
14064:
13913:
13891:
13752:
McArthur's Coalition: US and Australian operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942–1945
12239:
War, Nation, Memory: International Perspectives on World War II in School History Textbooks
9925:
9643:
Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes NAVEXOS P-468
7887:
E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations",
6035:
5762:
5750:
5590:
5410:
5263:
5166:, throwing the Japanese into disarray. While the Japanese attempted to recapture Meiktila,
5077:
5050:
4837:
4796:
4772:: 15 fleet carriers and 956 aircraft. The clash was the largest carrier battle in history.
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4451:
4440:
4186:
4178:
4049:
3783:
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were heavy and the Japanese were unable to support a landing on Port Moresby. As a result,
3488:
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explodes on 8 May 1942, several hours after being damaged by a Japanese carrier air attack.
3448:
3248:
2775:
2737:
2657:
1786:
1210:
1198:
1086:
892:
7447:
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civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths.
3820:. In October, US forces successfully challenged the Japanese in night fighting during the
3263:, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months,
3247:
in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted the "
3117:, the Japanese captured Toungoo after a severe battle and sent motorised units to capture
121:
8:
19092:
19039:
19012:
19002:
18948:
18938:
18923:
18800:
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17599:
17373:
17251:
17207:
16729:
15863:
15629:
15156:
14986:
14970:
14919:
11661:
9346:"Chinese Victory: Changteh is Lost and Won in Battle Called Most Decisive in Three Years"
7558:
7546:
7503:
Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4.
7451:
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7331:
6502:
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5598:
5564:
5467:
4769:
4612:
4486:
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4198:
4182:
4166:
4156:
4152:
4127:
3940:, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions, a total of around 120,000 troops, massed at
3880:
in September, meant that US carrier strength in the region was reduced to a single ship,
3744:
3707:
3670:, remained operational, and launched an immediate counterattack. Both of her attacks hit
3582:
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struck the invasion force. The element of surprise was lost due to the success of Allied
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2860:
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2363:
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2000:
1942:
1840:
1720:
1363:
1081:
955:
643:
276:
45:
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14081:
6053:, codenamed Operation Meetinghouse, which killed an estimated 100,000 people, March 1945
4512:
As many Japanese had feared, their inadequate lines of communication and the failure of
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18998:
18815:
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18326:
17592:
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15494:
15149:
14947:
14226:
14216:
History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive.
13989:
13826:
13682:
13566:
13358:
13047:
12968:
12466:
11992:
11850:
8805:
6542:
6518:
During the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers killed millions of non-combatants, including
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stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction".
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were crushed. The strategy of holding overextended island garrisons was fully exposed.
4597:
4557:
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fought a stubborn rearguard action in New Guinea, against a Japanese advance along the
3499:
3282:
3194:
2959:
2796:
2760:
2608:
2573:
2467:. US sources refer to two theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific theater and the
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1996:
1986:
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1373:
1239:
1232:
1171:
1161:
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987:
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110:
38:
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Originally Published in Esprit de Corp Magazine, Volume 9 Issue 4 and Volume 9 Issue 5
11267:
8695:
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8511:
7226:
6601:. American soldiers are alleged to have committed rapes during the Battle of Okinawa.
5321:
The largest and bloodiest battle fought by the Americans against the Japanese came at
4879:
4524:
Although the advance in Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the
2710:
and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.
1913:
had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back to 1931 with the
19102:
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14051:
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13993:
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13830:
13795:
13763:
13760:
Fighting in World War II: The Battles Between American and Japanese Aircraft Carriers
13737:
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had US destroyers fighting at sea, but no state of war had been declared by Congress.
6786:
5993:
5925:
5754:
5730:
5661:
5552:
5497:
and the coast of Brunei. A week later the Australians attacked Japanese positions in
5317:
US Marines pass a dead Japanese soldier in a destroyed village on Okinawa, April 1945
5290:
5179:
4944:
4784:
4653:
4432:
4398:
both proved defective and were not corrected until September 1943. Before the war, a
4076:
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on 31 January 1942, and then drove outnumbered British and Indian troops towards the
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2913:
2714:
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2577:
2561:
2432:
2222:
1938:
1867:
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1393:
1272:
1225:
1130:
975:
960:
904:
590:
495:
306:
184:
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14209:
History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul
13146:
12775:
Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–1945 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo
7594:
5773:
5152:
4761:
19243:
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18679:
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15163:
15140:
14673:
14191:
Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation
13818:
13506:
13350:
13232:
13152:
12960:
12458:
12408:
12225:
11914:
11842:
10452:
10450:
7859:
7090:
7085:
460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan, 100,000 in the
7060:
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6658:
6519:
5987:
5845:
5678:
5666:
5356:
5333:
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4206:
4177:
in Northern New Guinea in April 1943, which was followed in June to October by the
3968:
3900:
3892:
3778:
of a Japanese airfield under construction at Guadalcanal. On 7 August 1942, 16,000
3617:
3420:
3291:
3221:
3185:
3177:
3165:
2987:
2940:
2852:
2835:
on the United States and the British Empire on 7 December (8 December in
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2619:
2600:
2581:
2518:
2420:
2402:
1934:
1535:
1513:
1166:
994:
980:
950:
863:
843:
287:
19218:
14682:
14332:
14144:
Storm Over Leyte: The Philippine Invasion and the Destruction of the Japanese Navy
14028:
12836:
12370:
Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941
8806:"An Abandoned Army – The KNIL and The Japanese Invasion of Northern Dutch Sumatra"
8743:
7335:
5448:
5103:
5019:
5009:
4783:, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the
4584:
to Burma. In 1943–44, Allied forces in the Solomons began driving relentlessly to
4292:
US submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at
4270:, Egypt, to discuss a strategy to defeat Japan. The meeting was also known as the
3731:
towards Port Moresby. The militia were relieved in late August by troops from the
3243:
Australia had been shocked by the speed of the collapse of British Malaya and the
1386:
19263:
18968:
18885:
18805:
18278:
18117:
17701:
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14016:
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10539:
10318:
10111:
8717:
8075:
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6688:
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6538:
6495:
5797:
Emperor Hirohito, The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 August 1945
5640:
5594:
5535:
5471:
5429:
5267:
5226:
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2676:
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2141:
1906:
1703:
1624:
1368:
1324:
1096:
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940:
616:
471:
432:
18880:
17637:
10447:
4619:: a decisive fleet action that would be fought somewhere from the Palaus to the
30:
This article is about the Pacific theaters of World War II. For other uses, see
19213:
19107:
18928:
18918:
18775:
18739:
18161:
17844:
17532:
17068:
16994:
15046:
14905:
13778:
13661:; 384 pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence.
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12792:
10531:
9602:
8774:
8664:
7422:
7323:
6919:
6587:
5965:
5933:
5893:
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5522:
5509:
being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around
5479:
5332:
The Japanese troops defending Okinawa, under the command of Lieutenant General
5322:
5133:
5046:
5042:
4990:
4986:
4891:
4883:
4788:
4765:
4493:
3979:
3937:
3791:
3644:
3394:
3278:, which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft.
3086:
2587:
2293:
2198:
2194:
2170:
1639:
1634:
1154:
1008:
916:
838:
571:
398:
326:
316:
233:
177:
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14367:
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12229:
11436:"World War II: The Defensive Phase", US Army Center of Military History, p. 87
10740:
7514:/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century"
6830:
5362:
5225:
on 23 February 1945, depicts six United States Marines raising a US flag atop
3770:
US Marines rest in the field during the Guadalcanal campaign in November 1942.
3129:. Accompanied by large numbers of civilian refugees, the British retreated to
19288:
18734:
18455:
18445:
18273:
18238:
17343:
15268:
15117:
14956:
12749:
11580:"BBC – History – World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan"
6905:
6565:
6550:
6031:
5854:
5486:
and the US Thirteenth Air Force also played important roles in the campaign.
5313:
5255:
5222:
5129:
5107:
5069:
5002:
4978:
4914:
4341:
4194:
4107:
3896:
3775:
3651:
3480:
3405:
3387:
3334:
3315:
3311:
3251:" would soon follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian
3053:
2999:
2956:
2741:
2630:
2494:
2438:
2250:
2190:
1875:
561:
385:
330:
243:
18835:
13943:
Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945
13488:
Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942
12449:
Garthoff, Raymond L. (1969). "The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945".
12294:
Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).
12216:
Coox, Alvin (1973). "The Lake Khasan Affair of 1938: Overview and Lessons".
10855:
5964:
Between the Malayan Campaign (130,000 discounting some 20,000 Australians),
4636:
4489:
divisions of XV Corps stood firm, relying on supplies dropped by parachute.
4059:(SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the
3397:
occurred in April 1942, where 16 bombers took off from the aircraft carrier
1443:
18331:
18208:
17705:
17642:
17446:
15746:
15651:
15282:
14645:
14409:
14125:
Islands of Destiny: The Solomons Campaign and the Eclipse of the Rising Sun
14038:
13843:
13658:
13283:
13067:
13020:
Taierzhuang 1938 – Stalingrad 1942: Insight into a blind spot of WW2 Series
12856:
Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945
12846:
12687:
Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces
12365:
12085:
10168:
9311:
9220:
7621:
Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945
7517:
6961:
6826:
6630:
5814:
was signed on 2 September 1945. The surrender was accepted by MacArthur as
5578:
5475:
5394:
4863:
4658:
On 12 March 1944, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed the occupation of the
4360:
4084:
3904:
3751:
3631:
3460:
3370:
3275:
2836:
2718:
2679:. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale
2642:
2634:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2351:
2037:
1977:
1965:
1879:
1871:
1476:
1337:
1145:
1140:
1054:
656:
600:
334:
248:
68:
18905:
18522:
14078:
Pacific War and Contingent Victory: Why Japanese Defeat Was Not Inevitable
13822:
13156:
11918:
9672:
5539:
American B-29 Superfortresses drop incendiary bombs over the port city of
5013:
US troops approaching Japanese positions near Baguio, Luzon, 23 March 1945
4993:, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January.
3408:
and a line of converted trawlers patrolling the vast waters that separate
2603:
the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to
18532:
17281:
17267:
16929:
15605:
15426:
15411:
14234:
14221:
13176:
Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan
11964:
Boog, Horst; Rahn, Werner; Stumpf, Reinhard; Wegner, Bernd, eds. (2001).
11760:
10335:
8885:"In office – John Curtin – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
7897:
7808:
7798:
Retrieved 5/26/23. Approximately 20,000 in combat and 30,000 operational.
7017:
6975:
6947:
6668:
6522:, from surrounding nations. At least 20 million Chinese died during
5898:
5877:
5872:
5582:
5574:
was created to oversee all US strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under
5125:
5031:
4902:
4706:
against Japanese cities of military and industrial importance, including
4364:
4305:
4103:
4087:, its training, morale and health greatly improved. The American General
3636:
3409:
3362:
3236:
3210:
2887:
2800:
2646:
2331:
2186:
1961:
1518:
831:
580:
531:
415:
13918:
The Fleet at Flood Tide: The U.S. at Total War in the Pacific, 1944–1945
10532:
National Revolutionary Army Order of Battle for the Battle of West Hunan
9639:
8946:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Were the Japanese going to invade?"
7327:
5601:, which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the
5513:
in Borneo, only six of 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.
5001:
resulted in over 100,000 civilian deaths and was the scene of the worst
4516:'s gamble on an early victory meant that their troops starved. Once the
2986:
on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General
2952:
2815:
Germany; the Soviet Union was seen as unlikely to commence hostilities.
18780:
18396:
16636:
16389:
16368:
15261:
14594:
14522:
14356:
13880:
12650:
12470:
11854:
11554:
Chapter 3. LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London-Zürich (1999)"
11365:
9968:
9582:
8497:
5632:
5421:
4898:
4075:
and immediately took measures to address the famine in Bengal. General
3832:
3695:
3358:
3181:
3150:
3122:
3110:
3082:
2966:
2553:
2489:(IJN) did not integrate its units into permanent theater commands. The
2254:
1508:
1498:
228:
18689:
13490:(reprint, 1982 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
11985:
Selected Papers from the Citadel Conference on War and Diplomacy: 1978
10248:
10246:
10244:
10242:
5975:
the Bengal famine and 0.25 to 1 million deaths in British Burma.
5080:
to attack targets throughout the Philippines and the South China Sea.
4842:
4146:
3213:
called for American support with an announcement on 27 December 1941:
2939:
Thailand, with its territory already serving as a springboard for the
2927:
2656:
Chinese casualties of a mass panic during a June 1941 Japanese aerial
2536:
2015:
1886:. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the
19112:
19087:
19082:
18890:
18761:
18694:
18366:
17856:
17772:
17724:
16899:
16304:
16101:
15912:
15710:
15665:
12723:
The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War
9952:
7863:
7073:
6933:
6648:
6578:
Allied war crimes during World War II § Asia and the Pacific War
6564:
A widely publicized example of institutionalized sexual slavery are "
6041:
5636:
5606:
4544:, which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "
4537:
4456:
4096:
3972:
3826:
3724:
3413:
3366:
3216:
2780:
2699:
2615:
2359:
2355:
2285:
2246:
2206:
2054:
to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.
2036:
during the war, the "Pacific War" was not usually distinguished from
1254:
650:
636:
302:
223:
15186:
13840:
Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army
12462:
11846:
10719:
10717:
10478:
10211:
10020:
9860:
9844:
5890:
wounded; 335,934 killed and 426,249 wounded in Japanese air attacks.
5466:. In a series of amphibious assaults between 1 May and 21 July, the
4236:
The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theaters: Generalissimo
3654:
dive bombers surprised and attacked three of the Japanese carriers.
2759:
were noted, IJA officers were openly talking about war, and Admiral
2552:
on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The
19191:
18619:
18310:
18254:
15170:
14898:
13973:. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history.
13809:
Gordon, David M. (January 2006). "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945".
12334:
In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army
10742:
Battlefield S4/E3 – The Battle of Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory
10399:
10363:
10351:
10323:
10273:
10239:
10227:
9148:
8403:
7199:"US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics"
7003:
6610:
5782:
5665:
exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian
5657:
5649:
5510:
5306:
5235:
5189:
The Japanese forces which had been bypassed by the Allied advances
5171:
5163:
4962:
4791:. Only one American warship was slightly damaged. On the same day,
4752:
and two destroyers under attack in the Battle of the Philippine Sea
4589:
4545:
4505:
4301:
4232:
4083:
was formed to face the Japanese in Burma. Under Lieutenant General
4045:
2875:, the declaration was not delivered until after the attacks began.
2756:
2698:
had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at
2663:
The war entered a new phase with the defeat of the Japanese at the
626:
519:
170:
18086:
13547:
The War with Japan: The Period of Balance, May 1942 – October 1943
7245:
4640:
US Marines during mopping up operations on Peleliu, September 1944
4001:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theatre from 1942 to 1945
2702:
while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in
2526:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theater from 1942 to 1945
90:
18361:
11361:
10714:
9513:
8696:"The Japanese Invasion of Dutch West Timor Island, February 1942"
8594:
8466:
7634:
7174:
US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics
5944:
5807:
5645:
5425:
5348:
5137:
4974:
4726:
4581:
4517:
4436:
3964:
3960:
3941:
3919:
3844:
3838:
3102:
2995:
2909:
2871:
signed an armistice and entered an alliance with Japan. Although
2703:
1883:
238:
14362:
14218:
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.
13108:
Command of the Sea: The History and Strategy of Maritime Empires
11179:
11122:
3473:
on 3 May, the following day, aircraft from the American carrier
3357:
was planned to expand Japan's strategic depth by adding eastern
2366:(which controlled the coastal regions of China), respectively.
19044:
18213:
15780:
14378:
14327:"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia" compiled by Kent G. Budge
13978:
We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan
13792:
Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II
11357:
10087:
10085:
9124:
7031:
6989:
6891:
6727:
since 1937, war was not officially declared. Japan would later
6674:
Pacific Theater aircraft carrier operations during World War II
5960:
Indian prisoners of war shot and bayoneted by Japanese soldiers
5918:
5617:
5516:
5462:
The Borneo campaign of 1945 was the last major campaign in the
5326:
5141:
4764:, supplemented by 500 land-based aircraft. Facing them was the
4691:
4687:
4671:
Saipan's southern point, was secured on 27 June. In the north,
4585:
4501:
4293:
4227:
4136:
4028:
3256:
3230:
as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom.
3130:
3126:
3118:
3090:
3068:
3060:
ended with the surrender of Allied forces on Java and Sumatra.
2944:
2732:
efforts mostly targeted large Chinese cities such as Shanghai,
2299:
2214:
101:
12027:
Creating Military Power: The Sources of Military Effectiveness
11163:
11161:
10789:
10310:
Volume 68, Number 4, October 2004, pp. 1143–1186 and rebuttal
9221:"Battle of Milne Bay from 25 August 1942 to 07 September 1942"
8420:
8418:
8247:
6599:
collected the body parts of dead Japanese soldiers as trophies
4240:, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the
2893:
burned for two days after being hit by a Japanese bomb in the
2873:
Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire
770:
18406:
15968:
14048:
War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945
13214:
In a Sea of Bitterness, Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War
11110:
11033:
Meng Guoxiang & Zhang Qinyuan, 1995. "关于抗日战争中我国军民伤亡数字问题".
11014:
11012:
9822:
9820:
9745:
8051:"The Hukbalahap Insurrection: World War II and Huk Expansion"
7155:
6533:, more than 200,000 Chinese civilians were killed, while the
6509:
War crimes in World War II § Crimes perpetrated by Japan
6050:
5914:
5906:
5061:
4982:
4856:
4698:
on Saipan and Tinian from November 1944 to January 1945. The
4593:
4569:
4267:
3378:
3014:
2774:, iron ore, and steel to Japan. In Japan, the government and
2763:
was reported as saying a showdown with the US was necessary.
2733:
1321:
13511:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute Press.
13266:
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation
12060:
11772:
11497:
10822:"The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 Aug 45"
10765:
10082:
9405:
9317:
9263:
9112:
9100:
8779:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
8748:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
8700:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
8669:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942
8086:
7907:
7728:
7726:
6541:
killed over 100,000 Filipino civilians. Japan also employed
6494:
A Filipino woman and child killed by Japanese forces in the
4551:
4426:
3025:
14271:
Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945
13469:
The Rising Sun: the Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire
11663:
Judgement: International Military Tribunal for the Far East
11552:
Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900
11353:
11349:
11345:
11158:
10937:
9940:
9323:
9026:
9024:
8855:
8853:
8851:
8723:
8638:"Remembering 1942, The fall of Singapore, 15 February 1942"
8618:
8430:
8415:
7943:
7713:
7711:
7288:
Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths"
5621:
The mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki
5540:
5065:
4577:
3758:
finally captured the key Japanese beachhead in early 1943.
3374:
3329:
3322:. Australian and Dutch forces led civilians in a prolonged
3010:
2828:
2804:
14255:
The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944
14160:
Prange, Gordon W. Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon.
13714:
The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance
13148:
China's Bloody Century Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900
12875:
Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China
11748:
11009:
10201:
10199:
9817:
9769:
7829:
7817:
6712:
Fighting an undeclared war against Japan since 7 July 1937
5489:
The campaign opened with a landing on the small island of
4492:
The Japanese launched a long-planned offensive, codenamed
4329:, as seen through the periscope of an American submarine,
17700:
States and territories in the sphere of influence of the
14211:. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963
14070:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
13705:
Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King
13072:
Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941
13049:
Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
12434:(reprint, 1995 ed.). Random House Publishing Group.
11530:
11467:
11380:
10801:
10634:
10499:
10497:
10290:
10288:
10263:
10261:
10041:
10039:
9733:
9721:
9486:
9381:
8496:. United States Congress. 8 December 1941. Archived from
8347:"The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War Economy"
7955:
7841:
7723:
7209:
7207:
7118:
7116:
7114:
6664:
Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan
5309:. At Okinawa, the kamikazes caused 4,900 American deaths.
4370:
14302:
The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42
13948:
Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau.
13762:(New ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company Inc.
11864:
Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941
11234:
10545:
10144:
10010:
10008:
10006:
9993:
9991:
9989:
9987:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9801:
9799:
9786:
9784:
9709:
9544:
9369:
9275:
9251:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9169:
9167:
9090:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9082:
9067:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9036:
9021:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8865:
8848:
8542:"The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan"
8364:
7708:
6871:
These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.
6609:
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East in
5452:
Australian soldiers landing at Balikpapan on 7 July 1945
5098:
3914:
2922:
2916:, was beyond the Imperial Japanese Navy's capabilities.
2591:
German-trained Chinese troops in downtown Shanghai, 1937
13863:
Dark Trophies. Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War
13325:
World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites
11736:
10948:
10411:
10387:
10375:
10196:
9876:
9832:
9239:
9136:
8824:
8393:
8391:
8025:"World War II and the founding of the Vietnamese state"
7463:
7394:
7392:
7390:
7257:
5943:
of Japan at that time. The war created 95 million
15040:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
14239:
Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942
12432:
The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay
11660:"Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities)".
11212:"British Losses & Losses Inflicted on Axis Navies"
11146:
11134:
11048:
11029:
11027:
10777:
10586:
10584:
10494:
10435:
10423:
10285:
10258:
10036:
9532:
9476:
9474:
9299:
9287:
9009:
8442:
8098:
7967:
7779:
7777:
7743:
7741:
7487:
7485:
7204:
7143:
7111:
4981:
operations, in support of major landings scheduled on
4805:
was also sunk by a single torpedo, from the submarine
4201:
group. Landings from September until December secured
4095:, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the
4063:, who headed the British Indian Army. In October 1943
3571:—and believed that the Americans had a maximum of two—
2749:
2580:
in mid-December 1937 and committing atrocities in the
2377:. Collaborationist security units were also formed in
2225:) was also involved. All of these were members of the
13936:
China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945
12293:
11797:
The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa
11766:
11285:
11206:
11204:
11202:
11086:
10912:
10120:
10003:
9984:
9796:
9781:
9621:
9434:
9432:
9196:
9179:
9164:
9079:
9048:
8990:
8235:
8223:
8172:
7979:
4381:, the largest non-nuclear submarines ever constructed
3535:
was left undamaged, aircraft and personnel losses to
2471:(CBI). However, these were not operational commands.
2423:
both had limited involvement in the Pacific War. The
2082:. Japanese officials integrated what they called the
13655:
TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942
12922:
The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945
12903:
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History
12655:
Who Actually Fought the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945?
12492:
American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration
12315:
War Without Mercy: Race and Power In the Pacific War
12298:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
11963:
10702:
9417:
9393:
8409:
8388:
8376:
8352:
7919:
7660:
7658:
7448:"New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II "
7387:
7305:
7293:
6620:
5932:) implemented in May 1942 in north China by general
5076:. These islands provided bases for the US Fifth and
4730:
strategic value of the landings is still contested.
4446:
4421:
3587:
was undergoing repair after a torpedo attack, while
3063:
In March and April, an IJN carrier force launched a
2050:
was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the
14112:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976.
13726:. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki
13431:
Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II
12661:
12296:
The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
11724:
11670:
11602:
11479:
11392:
11024:
10581:
10569:
10557:
10466:
10460:
10405:
10369:
10357:
10329:
10279:
10252:
10233:
9471:
9444:
8606:
8148:
8136:
7869:
7774:
7762:
7738:
7482:
7133:
7131:
5182:, which had been abandoned earlier, be reinstated.
4147:
Allied offensives on New Guinea and up the Solomons
3416:, the Japanese east coast was left open to attack.
3381:, and strategic points in the Australian area. The
3176:began executing plans to make a final stand on the
2827:Following prolonged tensions between Japan and the
2513:
362:
14009:Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942
13681:
13565:
13335:Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan
13128:United States Submarine Operations in World War II
12795:(2010). James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.).
11712:
11199:
9757:
9429:
8290:
8271:
8259:
7931:
7696:
7347:Hara, Tameichi, with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau.
6639:Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan
3045:on 19 February, which killed at least 243 people.
313:Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean
14286:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II
14214:Shaw, Henry, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh.
14119:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985.
14105:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1967.
13684:Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific
13568:Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea
13392:China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41
13041:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press.
12817:Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics
12662:Heinrichs, Waldo H.; Gallicchio, Marc S. (2017).
12159:Cook, Haruko Taya; Cook, Theodore Failor (1993).
12150:Coakley, Robert W.; Leighton, Richard M. (1989).
12005:
11635:"Denial of the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking"
10995:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan"
10665:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan"
10167:
8600:
8530:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates, Inc.
8337:, London & New York, Routledge Curzon, p. 85.
8335:Language, Ideology and Japanese History Textbooks
8211:
8160:
7759:Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, "Relatório 1946–47", AHU
7655:
7227:"Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies"
7201:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Footnote 2.
5572:United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific
5254:, a total of 70,647 troops, under the command of
3720:and New Guinea. From July 1942, a few Australian
3716:Japanese land forces continued to advance in the
3109:and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division, led by
2831:, units of the IJN and IJA launched simultaneous
2723:culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941
2501:during the Second Sino-Japanese War, created the
2325:
19286:
19269:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
13887:. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959.
13309:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.
12177:
11614:
11128:
10534:". China Whampoa Academy Net. 11 September 2007
8590:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc.
8560:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc.
8199:
7128:
6531:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5913:killed about 7 million Indian civilians in
4846:The four engagements in the Battle of Leyte Gulf
4367:, much to the consternation of its German ally.
4356:and only occasionally attacked US supply lines.
3951:After the Doolittle Raid, the IJA conducted the
3814:, resulting in the sinking of the light carrier
2947:on 19 December, encountering little resistance.
2867:and were resisted for several hours, before the
2625:In 1939, Japanese forces tried to push into the
19239:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
13896:Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal
13528:The Battle Of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action
12557:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Anchor Books.
12386:
12357:Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939
12149:
12082:China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45
12006:Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997).
11316:, 10,495 killed and 21,456 wounded in the 1938
11265:
11098:
11036:
8253:
8193:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945
8074:
7468:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 66.
7464:Dear, I.C.B; Foot, M.R.D. (2005). "Australia".
7161:
5547:Hard-fought battles on the Japanese islands of
4071:as its Supreme Commander. Wavell was appointed
3290:reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese
2822:
2497:to oversee its occupation of Manchukuo and the
2140:is also used, referring to the period from the
2133:
2114:
2094:
2071:
18223:
13837:
13572:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
13074:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
12982:A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War
12980:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001).
12799:(illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis.
12664:Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944–1945
12576:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
12237:Crawford, Keith A.; Foster, Stuart J. (2007).
12236:
11312:(12,031 killed and 24,425 wounded in the 1945
11116:
10678:, BBC History) Access date: 11 September 2007.
10596:
7176:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Table 9.
3701:
2435:in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, notably the
2276:of April 1941, until August 1945 when it (and
2260:The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared
2156:Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939
2127:
2108:
2088:
2063:
18102:
17685:
14394:
14021:United States Army Center of Military History
13372:The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War
13178:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center.
13045:
12979:
12706:Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953
12154:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History.
12024:
11944:
11908:
11412:"Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century"
11167:
10163:
10161:
10159:
10091:
9751:
9130:
9118:
7913:
7332:Major British Warship Losses in World War II.
6694:Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War
5862:shortages, massacres, shelling, and bombing.
4795:was hit by four torpedoes from the submarine
4678:A month after the invasion of Saipan, the US
4220:These landings prepared the way for Nimitz's
4117:
1473:
1459:
1307:
786:
13934:Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds.
13776:
13734:The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944
13195:World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia
12742:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
12387:Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (1994).
12363:
12258:Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons
12025:Brooks, Risa; Stanley, Elizabeth A. (2007).
11911:Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia
11256:. 15 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
11182:"65th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day"
10659:
10657:
9411:
9269:
9106:
8920:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Rabaul"
8436:
8424:
8370:
5517:Landings in the Japanese home islands (1945)
4623:. It was in this area that the newly formed
4228:Invasion of the Gilbert and Marshall Islands
2595:In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their
2568:against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly
2451:Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main
2177:. The US and its territories, including the
18586:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
13912:
13890:
13885:Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War
13563:
13046:Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005).
12758:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12255:
11909:Blackburn, Kevin; Hack, Karl, eds. (2007).
10885:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 675.
10830:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
10819:
10524:
10171:; Kosuge, Margaret; Kibata, Yōichi (2000).
9946:
9826:
9775:
9329:
8877:
8803:
8772:
8693:
8687:
8665:"The capture of Bali Island, February 1942"
7365:
4031:, important for its port and airfield. The
3666:were destroyed. A single Japanese carrier,
3301:
2436:
2101:into the Greater East Asia War. During the
699:Over 4,000,000 soldiers killed (1937–1945)
18109:
18095:
17692:
17678:
14401:
14387:
13307:Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb
12486:
12178:Corfield, Justin; Corfield, Robin (2012).
12140:
12121:
11997:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
11335:"Soviet Losses in the Khalkhin Gol Battle"
11018:
10795:
10514:
10512:
10156:
9706:新聞記者が語りつぐ戦争 16 中国慰霊 読売新聞社 (1983/2) p. 187.
9600:
9318:Chevrier, Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004
8909:Cited in Frank Crowley (1973) Vol 2, p. 51
7961:
7847:
7732:
7678:"Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945"
6800:United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan
5844:American corpses sprawled on the beach of
5057:aided US forces to dispatch the holdouts.
4897:However, after Center Force departed from
4886:. The Center Force would pass through the
4193:to secure a secretly constructed Japanese
3948:, the first Allied success against Japan.
2770:, which controlled the Dutch East Indies,
2407:the overthrow of the French regime in 1945
1956:pitted against Japan, the latter aided by
1466:
1452:
1314:
1300:
793:
779:
18989:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
18599:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
14030:South-West Pacific Area – First Year
13983:
13838:Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1994).
12949:
12905:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press.
12872:
12538:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
12535:Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945
12517:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12415:. Stanford University Press. p. 89.
12061:Chevrier; Chomiczewski; Garrigue (2004).
11794:
10654:
10429:
8775:"The conquest of Java Island, March 1942"
8178:
7862:: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing,
7835:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7219:
7187:Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy
6950:27,000 killed, more than 70,000 prisoners
6894:10 million casualties, 3.8 million deaths
6813:United States declaration of war on Japan
6705:
6654:Japanese-American service in World War II
6151:Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands
5627:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4935:
4552:Beginning of the end in the Pacific, 1944
4427:Japanese counteroffensives in China, 1944
3458:The attack on Port Moresby was codenamed
3259:on 23 January 1942. On 19 February 1942,
2992:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command
2878:
2725:, effectively ending their co-operation.
2338:included the authoritarian government of
1991:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1905:The Second Sino-Japanese War between the
18372:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
17821:Reorganized National Government of China
14026:
13860:
13679:
13595:
13544:
13525:
13504:
13485:
13105:
13039:Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II
12900:
12739:
12628:
12593:Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze
12448:
12413:The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals
12196:
12158:
12105:Tidal Wave: From Leyte Gulf to Tokyo Bay
12079:
12047:
11945:Bond, Brian; Tachikawa, Kyoichi (2004).
11866:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
11778:
11268:"Canada at War Against Japan, 1941–1945"
10923:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 (
10880:
10771:
10518:
10179:Continuum International Publishing Group
10138:
10030:
9962:
9715:
9687:
9646:, Hyperwar project ed. Patrick Clancey,
9550:
9340:
9338:
9281:
9257:
9245:
9158:
9142:
9030:
8871:
8859:
8842:
8735:
8382:
7949:
7518:/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 the original
7403:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 (
7263:
7251:
7213:
7149:
7122:
6555:
6489:
6040:
6025:
5955:
5839:
5749:
5656:, with detractors claiming that a naval
5616:
5534:
5447:
5312:
5294:
5211:
5102:
5008:
4939:
4841:
4743:
4635:
4450:
4369:
4318:
4231:
4173:in March 1942, Cartwheel began with the
4121:
3988:
3918:
3765:
3598:
3442:
3333:
3330:Japanese strategy and the Doolittle Raid
3215:
3144:
3024:
2926:
2882:
2786:
2687:; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "
2651:
2586:
2535:
2517:
2508:
2302:provided air support in the form of the
2151:
2014:
1418:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1359:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
13789:
13549:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
13409:
13323:Smith, J. Douglas, and Richard Jensen.
13211:
13192:
13173:
13066:
13036:
12853:
12740:Hsu Long-hsuen; Chang Ming-kai (1971).
12720:
12708:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
12689:]. Iwanami Bukkuretto. p. 43.
12609:
12590:
12152:Global Logistics and Strategy 1943–1945
12102:
12054:Hammer and Sickle against Samurai Sword
11892:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
11386:
10727:
10509:
10488:
10417:
10393:
10381:
10345:
10341:
10221:
10205:
10045:
9978:
9958:
9882:
9866:
9850:
9838:
9520:
9423:
9293:
8830:
8729:
8662:
8624:
8448:
8154:
8142:
8104:
8092:
7973:
7925:
6734:
6045:Charred remains of civilians killed in
4055:In August 1943 the Allies formed a new
2755:troop build-ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and
2292:and Japanese-claimed territory such as
423:
211:(3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days)
14:
19287:
19187:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
18066:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
17773:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government
16248:
16226:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
14141:
14122:
14087:Okumiya, Masatake and Fuchida, Mitso.
14045:
13808:
13731:
13623:
13586:
13466:
13447:
13428:
13369:
13304:
13254:
13230:
13144:
13135:
13124:
12998:
12919:
12772:
12748:
12680:
12612:Nanjing 1937: Battle for a Doomed City
12552:
12477:
12429:
12274:
12050:Serp i Molot Protiv Samuraiskogo Mecha
11870:
11861:
11754:
11730:
11676:
11653:
11632:
11608:
11455:uboat.net. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
11180:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom).
11152:
11140:
11092:
11054:
10783:
10723:
10590:
10575:
10563:
10503:
10484:
10472:
10456:
10441:
10294:
10267:
10217:
10026:
10014:
9997:
9974:
9870:
9854:
9811:
9790:
9480:
9450:
9364:Science in the 20th Century and Beyond
9305:
9207:
9190:
9173:
9154:
9094:
9073:
9061:
9042:
9015:
9003:
8952:from the original on 16 September 2011
8808:. Dutch East Indies Campaign website.
8741:
8706:from the original on 25 September 2013
8612:
8522:from the original on 24 September 2015
8474:from the original on 12 September 2014
8397:
8358:
8277:
8241:
8229:
8190:
7985:
7891:, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An
7823:
7747:
7354:
7311:
6743:
6592:United States Strategic Bombing Survey
6537:concluded that over 300,000 died. The
5816:Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers
5802:In Japan, 14 August is considered the
4801:and sank with heavy loss of life. The
4631:
4310:played a major role in defeating Japan
4110:in China, but were driven back by the
3688:, were sunk by the Japanese submarine
3200:
2783:" ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch").
2641:, which was controlled at the time by
2584:, including rape, murder and torture.
2229:. From 1944 the French commando group
2173:. China had already been engaged in a
2080:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
321:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
19300:Military history of the Pacific Ocean
18090:
17673:
17097:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
16529:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
16175:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
16131:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
15236:Rape during the occupation of Germany
14382:
14299:
14094:Potter, E. B. and Chester W. Nimitz.
14006:Matloff, Maurice and Snell, Edwin M.
13988:(New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland:
13980:. University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
13757:
13720:Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds.
13711:
13702:
13688:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
13088:
13017:
12928:
12531:
12407:
12312:
11935:
11832:
11813:
11742:
11718:
11590:from the original on 28 November 2015
11473:
10969:"Remember role in ending fascist war"
10918:
10807:
10753:from the original on 27 November 2015
10708:
10610:from the original on 2 September 2017
10126:
10064:The Netherlands East Indies 1941–1942
9727:
9650:from the original on 17 February 2009
9627:
9588:
9492:
9438:
9387:
9375:
9335:
9227:from the original on 15 December 2018
8948:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au. 19 February 1942.
8766:
8166:
8070:
8068:
7875:
7717:
7664:
7491:
7398:
7299:
6936:Over 51,000 casualties, 17,501 killed
6922:Up to 231,119 casualties, 82,000 dead
6454:Germany lost ten submarines and four
5434:Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei
5099:Allied offensives in Burma, 1944–1945
4704:an intense strategic bombing campaign
4702:based out of these islands conducted
4532:. They captured a fortified position
4250:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3915:Stalemate in China and Southeast Asia
3324:guerilla campaign in Portuguese Timor
2923:South-East Asian campaigns of 1941–42
2865:invaded southern and eastern Thailand
2493:(IJA), which had already created the
2369:Japan conscripted many soldiers from
2003:by the Allies. Japan lost its former
1874:that was fought in eastern Asia, the
1447:
1295:
774:
18591:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
18347:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
17857:Provisional Government of Free India
16219:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
15251:Rape during the liberation of France
14188:
14176:Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History
14098:. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles
14089:Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan
13794:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
13736:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
13282:
12935:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
12891:
12834:
12813:
12635:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
12571:
12512:
12372:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
12354:
12331:
12215:
11982:
11536:
11485:
11398:
11240:
10836:from the original on 10 January 2012
10606:. National Science Digital Library.
10551:
10150:
10105:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two
9902:from the original on 24 October 2019
9739:
9538:
9399:
9213:
8891:from the original on 17 January 2012
8744:"The Java Sea Battle, February 1942"
8552:from the original on 14 January 2010
8333:Cited by Christopher Barnard, 2003,
8265:
8205:
7937:
7809:"Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory"
7783:
7768:
7466:The Oxford Companion to World War II
7373:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 2, 3.
6482:) in the Indian and Pacific oceans.
5631:On 6 August 1945, the US dropped an
5026:, with the squadron attached to the
5024:Fuerza Aérea Expedicionaria Mexicana
4477:began an advance along the coast in
4288:Allied submarines in the Pacific War
4281:
3099:Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma
2618:, or in the case of the Communists,
2280:) joined the rest of the Allies and
2272:, then remained neutral through the
19259:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
18501:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
18116:
14345:Animated History of the Pacific War
13966:(University Press of Kansas, 2018).
13707:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
13388:
13340:
13268:. London: Oxford University Press.
13263:
13131:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
13052:. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books.
12791:
12480:Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945
12277:Within a Presumption of Godlessness
11889:
11620:
11404:
11299:, canadianheroes.org, 13 May 2002,
11252:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead".
11072:The International Churchill Society
10689:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb
10642:from the original on 10 August 2015
9763:
8644:from the original on 20 August 2008
8217:
7702:
7642:"Chinese People Contribute to WWII"
7595:"Leyte Gulf: The Mexican Air Force"
7231:The Army Air Forces in World War II
7137:
5786:broadcast the rescript of surrender
5597:, Chiang, and Churchill issued the
5484:Australian First Tactical Air Force
5266:landed on the southeast coast near
5124:The Indian XV Corps (including two
4831:
4556:In May 1943, the Japanese prepared
4261:
3864:, coupled with the earlier loss of
3774:Allied forces became aware through
3750:On New Guinea, the Japanese on the
3265:Australia was attacked from the air
2750:Tensions between Japan and the West
2235:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army
2165:The major Allied participants were
2027:
1902:in the last few months of the war.
24:
17761:South Chahar Autonomous Government
17749:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
16445:German invasion of the Netherlands
14725:Weather events during World War II
13945:University of Michigan Press, 1982
13754:(University Press of Kansas, 2018)
13666:
12877:. University of California Press.
12703:
12649:
12496:The Johns Hopkins University Press
12056:] (in Russian). Moscow: Veche.
11560:from the original on 23 March 2010
11506:from the original on 11 March 2016
11498:Australia-Japan Research Project.
11222:from the original on 24 April 2019
11104:
11042:
10862:from the original on 7 August 2008
10687:See, for example, Alperowitz, G.,
10057:
9526:Larry Kimmett and Margaret Regis,
8675:from the original on 25 March 2012
8065:
7889:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
6714:, declared war on 9 December 1941.
5997:), 2 destroyers, and 3 corvettes.
4646:Mariana and Palau Islands campaign
4308:, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam,
4165:In June 1943, the Allies launched
4005:
3931:
3527:. In return the Americans damaged
3270:In early 1942 elements of the IJN
3071:were hit and the aircraft carrier
2310:sent naval support in the form of
2282:invaded the territory of Manchukuo
209:7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945
183:Japanese soldiers in China during
25:
19311:
17076:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
14320:
13959:. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972.
13920:. Random House Publishing Group.
13898:. Random House Publishing Group.
13865:. New York City: Berghahn Books.
12896:. University of California Press.
12894:Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power
12411:(2007). Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (ed.).
12103:Cleaver, Thomas McKelvey (2018).
11641:from the original on 3 March 2016
11344:, losses at Khalkin Gol were: 30
10856:"Chronology of Japanese Holdouts"
10663:Professor Duncan Anderson, 2005,
10070:from the original on 26 July 2011
9591:, pp. 359–360, 551–552, 816.
8926:from the original on 24 July 2011
8812:from the original on 26 July 2011
8785:from the original on 26 July 2011
8754:from the original on 26 July 2011
8572:"Australia Declares War on Japan"
7624:". Roy M. MacLeod (2000). p. 51.
7573:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead"
5911:1943–1945 Indian famine in Bengal
4866:, which included the battleships
4733:
4576:, New Guinea, then westward past
4447:Japanese offensive in India, 1944
4422:Japanese offensives in Asia, 1944
4402:officer had seized a copy of the
4091:, who commanded US forces in the
3694:. With the striking power of the
3272:proposed an invasion of Australia
3039:air attacks on northern Australia
2503:Southern Expeditionary Army Group
2044:. In the United States, the term
1997:Japan surrendered unconditionally
441:
406:
18959:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
18222:
18045:
18033:
18021:
18009:
17997:
17985:
17973:
17960:
17947:
17935:
17923:
17911:
17899:
17887:
17875:
17862:
17850:
17838:
17826:
17814:
17802:
17790:
17778:
17766:
17754:
17742:
17737:East Hebei Autonomous Government
17730:
17718:
17636:
14408:
13389:Sun, Youli (15 September 1996).
12010:. University of Michigan Press.
11966:Germany and the Second World War
11682:
11626:
11572:
11542:
11521:
11491:
11458:
11439:
11430:
11371:
11327:
11324:), 205 advisors killed in China.
11306:
11259:
11246:
11173:
11060:
10987:
10961:
10931:
10899:
10874:
10848:
10813:
10733:
10681:
10622:
10300:
10132:
10097:
10060:"201st Mexican Fighter Squadron"
10051:
9914:
9888:
9700:
9661:
9633:
9609:from the original on 11 May 2008
9594:
9569:
9556:
9498:
9456:
9356:
8974:. Home.st.net.au. Archived from
8964:
8938:
8912:
8903:
8836:
8797:
8656:
8630:
8582:from the original on 13 May 2008
8564:
8534:
8504:
8486:
8454:
7024:
7010:
6996:
6982:
6968:
6954:
6940:
6926:
6912:
6898:
6884:
6841:
6818:
6805:
6792:
6644:European theatre of World War II
6623:
6571:
5835:
5812:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
5759:Japanese Instrument of Surrender
5221:, an iconic photograph taken by
5022:fighter-squadron as part of the
4977:, a key location in the planned
4953:Philippines campaign (1944–1945)
4607:In February 1944, the US Navy's
3858:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands
3794:, commander of the newly formed
3733:Second Australian Imperial Force
3159:Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
3081:In Burma, the Japanese captured
2979:off Malaya on 10 December 1941.
2863:. Concurrently, Japanese forces
2544:In 1931, without declaring war,
2514:Conflict between China and Japan
1983:largest naval battles in history
1399:German Pacific possesions (1914)
649:
642:
635:
625:
615:
599:
589:
579:
570:
560:
550:
525:
513:
489:
477:
465:
425:
391:
378:
364:
282:Removal of Japanese troops from
129:
120:
109:
100:
89:
80:
50:Pacific theater (disambiguation)
18974:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
17797:Provisional Government of China
14333:Film Footage of the Pacific War
14207:Shaw, Henry, and Douglas Kane.
12515:A Military History of Australia
11968:. Vol. 6: The Global War.
10461:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10406:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10370:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10358:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10330:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10280:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10253:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
10234:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017
9528:U.S. Submarines in World War II
9352:. 21 February 1944. p. 45.
8494:"Declaration of War with Japan"
8467:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
8340:
8327:
8324:("Historical Dictionary"), 1980
8315:
8283:
8184:
8110:
8043:
8017:
7991:
7881:
7853:
7801:
7789:
7753:
7670:
7612:
7587:
7565:
7506:
7497:
7457:
7441:
7432:
7411:
7341:
7317:
7281:
7269:
7192:
7179:
7167:
7079:
7066:
7048:
7039:
6874:
6865:
6855:
6779:
6770:
6761:
6006:Mongolian casualties were 753.
5951:
5810:(Victory in Japan). The formal
5672:
5612:
5443:
5361:. Under the command of Admiral
5083:
5034:, surrendered on 9 March 1974.
4930:largest naval battle in history
4602:Gilberts and then the Marshalls
4181:, in which the Allies used the
2851:and the British territories of
2455:in the Pacific War: China, the
2431:navies operated submarines and
2334:-aligned states which assisted
2274:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
2147:
1976:strategy. The Allies adopted a
1374:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
800:
19229:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
18342:Imperial Rescript on Education
17323:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
15033:Territorial changes of Germany
14941:Indonesian National Revolution
14288:, Cambridge University Press.
14193:. University of Hawaii Press.
14091:. Naval Institute Press, 1955.
13653:United States War Department.
13412:The Allied Occupation of Japan
12858:. Kluwer Academic Publishing.
12241:. Charlotte: Information Age.
9924:. 3 March 2016. Archived from
9601:RD Designs (7 December 1941).
8972:"Midget Submarines history at"
8512:"Canada Declares War on Japan"
8462:"Prime Minister's Declaration"
6752:
6717:
5404:
5162:captured the supply centre of
4748:The Japanese aircraft carrier
4353:unrestricted submarine warfare
4296:in the Philippines (1941–42);
3876:and heavy submarine damage to
3812:Battle of the Eastern Solomons
3790:in the Solomons. Vice Admiral
3761:
3349:as part of the Doolittle Raid.
3255:beginning with the capture of
3140:
3067:. British Royal Navy bases in
3002:to assume control of ABDACOM.
2935:to the Japanese, February 1942
2326:Axis powers and aligned states
2290:Japanese protectorate of Korea
1960:and to a lesser extent by the
1915:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
13:
1:
18675:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
18581:Imperial General Headquarters
18172:Foreign commerce and shipping
17785:Shanghai Great Way Government
16723:Japanese invasion of Thailand
16674:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
16438:German invasion of Luxembourg
14819:Mediterranean and Middle East
14164:. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor
14127:. Dulles, Virginia: Penguin.
14080:(UP of Kansas, 2015) 198 pp.
13952:. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze.
13599:China at War: An Encyclopedia
13591:. New York: The Viking Press.
12929:Meyer, Milton Walter (1997).
12553:Hanson, Victor Davis (2004).
12182:. Singapore: Talisman Books.
12161:Japan at War: an Oral History
11987:. Charleston. pp. 27–40.
11835:The Pacific Historical Review
11795:Alexander, Joseph H. (1996).
11502:. Australian War Memorial f.
11414:. И. И. Ивлев. Archived from
9922:"Uncommon Valor: 1940 – 1945"
8887:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au.
8601:Brecher & Wilkenfeld 1997
7999:"WW2 People's War – Timeline"
7100:
6586:has been described by writer
6485:
6291:Andaman & Nicobar Islands
5825:
5725:Invasion of the Kuril Islands
5305:burns after being hit by two
4756:When the Americans landed on
4700:United States Army Air Forces
4404:Japanese merchant marine code
4038:26th Indian Infantry Division
4033:14th Indian Infantry Division
3261:Darwin was hit by an air raid
3043:bombing of the city of Darwin
3033:, Australia, 19 February 1942
2984:Declaration by United Nations
2977:sunk by a Japanese air attack
2793:Imperial General Headquarters
2717:, one of which was headed by
2578:capturing the capital Nanjing
2348:Collaborationist Chinese Army
2205:; in addition to troops from
2040:, or was known simply as the
1664:Mediterranean and Middle East
19007:Hirohito surrender broadcast
18402:Greater East Asia Conference
18071:Greater East Asia Conference
17809:Reformed Government of China
16630:Invasion of the Soviet Union
16319:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
15637:Independent State of Croatia
14050:. US Naval Institute Press.
13783:The Pacific War Encyclopedia
13564:Y'Blood, William T. (1981).
13530:. Indiana University Press.
13216:. Harvard University Press.
13174:Russell, Richard A. (1997).
13003:. Pen & Sword Military.
12984:. Harvard University Press.
12820:. Cornell University Press.
12721:Hopkins, William B. (2010).
12595:(First ed.). Casemate.
12393:. Harvard University Press.
12338:University of Nebraska Press
12317:. New York: Pantheon Books.
12141:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017).
12122:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002).
11894:. New York: Harper Collins.
11314:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
11129:Corfield & Corfield 2012
10630:"Statement by The President"
8118:"Map of the Pacific Theater"
7796:USSBS Summary Report, p. 67.
7105:
6725:invading and occupying China
6604:
6524:the Second Sino-Japanese War
5739:
5677:In February 1945 during the
5563:. This view is explained by
5273:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
5218:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
4824:to their carriers at night.
4740:Battle of the Philippine Sea
4471:Northern Combat Area Command
4408:Office of Naval Intelligence
4205:and landed Allied troops on
3637:abortive identical operation
3432:
2823:Japanese offensives, 1941–42
2597:first victory at Taierzhuang
2362:), and the collaborationist
2175:war against Japan since 1937
2169:, the United States and the
1645:Manchuria and Northern Korea
1247:Manchuria and Northern Korea
711:26,000,000+ (1937–1945)
690:84 destroyers & frigates
147:raising a flag over Iwo Jima
32:Pacific War (disambiguation)
7:
18387:Supreme Court of Judicature
17870:Republic of the Philippines
17614:End of World War II in Asia
17454:Western invasion of Germany
16961:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
16938:Second Battle of El Alamein
16508:Hundred Regiments Offensive
16480:Battle of the Mediterranean
16333:Italian invasion of Albania
14507:Air warfare of World War II
14363:Imperial Japanese Navy Page
14181:Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan.
13984:Lundstrom, John B. (2005).
13811:Journal of Military History
13508:The Barrier and the Javelin
13433:. Boulder: Westview Press.
13264:Sen, Amartya Kumar (1999).
13106:Reynolds, Clark G. (1974).
12901:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000).
12873:MacKinnon, Stephen (2008).
12681:Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (1995).
12666:. Oxford University Press.
11940:. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
11348:, 27 BT-7RTs,2 BT-7As, 127
10308:Journal of Military History
9695:The Pacific War: Day By Day
9223:. Australian War Memorial.
8254:Fairbank & Goldman 1994
7814:. Retrieved on 5 June 2009.
7516:. И.И.Ивлев. Archived from
7429:, including Canadian troops
7162:Coakley & Leighton 1989
6835:Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
6616:
6597:American soldiers commonly
6535:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
6513:
5727:(18 August to 1 September)
5559:as a means of avoiding the
5438:offensive to retake Guangxi
5201:
5090:End of World War II in Asia
5072:and several islands in the
4777:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot
4304:, Australia; Pearl Harbor;
4112:Chinese Expeditionary Force
3886:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
3702:New Guinea and the Solomons
3682:, along with the destroyer
3115:Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road
2446:
2134:
2115:
2095:
2072:
2010:
1045:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
1002:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
747:2,500,000+ dead (1937–1945)
176:Indian soldiers during the
10:
19316:
19098:Second Philippine Republic
18871:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
17930:Occupied Dutch East Indies
17540:Naval bombardment of Japan
16908:First Battle of El Alamein
16827:Battle of Christmas Island
16772:Japanese invasion of Burma
16536:Italian invasion of Greece
16452:German invasion of Belgium
16424:German invasion of Denmark
16397:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
16266:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
14530:Comparative military ranks
14359:– at The War Times Journal
14046:Miller, Edward S. (2007).
13680:Bergerud, Eric M. (2000).
13670:
13624:Yahara, Hiromichi (1997).
13596:Xiaobing, Li, ed. (2012).
13471:. New York: Random House.
13212:Schoppa, R. Keith (2011).
12814:Lind, Jennifer M. (2010).
12777:. Helion and Company Ltd.
12755:The Making of Modern Japan
12574:Japanese Destroyer Captain
12199:The Pacific War: 1941–1945
11787:
11117:Crawford & Foster 2007
10883:The Pacific War: 1941-1945
7349:Japanese Destroyer Captain
6575:
6506:
6500:
6034:on US Marine positions in
5743:
5711:Invasion of South Sakhalin
5624:
5520:
5455:
5408:
5288:
5284:
5205:
5116:Burma campaign (1944–1945)
5113:
5087:
4950:
4835:
4781:combat-information centers
4737:
4643:
4509:captured on Kohima ridge.
4462:
4285:
4247:
4150:
4118:Allied offensives, 1943–44
4009:
3923:Chinese troops during the
3741:Royal Australian Air Force
3735:. In early September 1942
3705:
3615:
3436:
3156:
3149:Surrender of US forces at
3065:raid into the Indian Ocean
3058:Dutch East Indies campaign
2900:
2685:offensive in Central China
2550:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
2529:
2231:Corps Léger d'Intervention
1999:on 15 August 1945 and was
1933:, the British colonies of
1892:South West Pacific theater
1323:Military campaigns of the
1194:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
621:7,800,000–7,900,000 (1945)
325:Seizure and annexation of
277:Allied occupation of Japan
192:atomic bombing of Nagasaki
43:
36:
29:
19206:
19179:
19121:
19075:
19032:
19025:
18979:Japan during World War II
18934:Pacification of Manchukuo
18904:
18834:
18826:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
18821:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
18759:
18752:
18703:
18690:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
18643:
18569:
18562:
18509:
18427:
18420:
18412:Imperial Japanese Airways
18319:
18266:
18231:
18220:
18124:
18061:
17712:
17629:
17461:Bratislava–Brno offensive
17401:
17392:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
17129:
17016:Allied invasion of Sicily
16970:
16876:Aleutian Islands campaign
16848:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
16795:
16786:Greek famine of 1941–1944
16681:Second Battle of Changsha
16586:German invasion of Greece
16554:
16431:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
16406:
16344:
16239:
16120:
15846:
15756:
15604:
15307:
15298:
15056:
14881:
14773:North and Central Pacific
14734:
14496:
14489:
14416:
14229:: At Peleliu and Okinawa.
14027:McCarthy, Dudley (1959).
13355:10.1080/03068370500039151
13193:Sandler, Stanley (2001).
13136:Roscoe, Theodore (1958).
13125:Roscoe, Theodore (1949).
13037:Parillo, Mark P. (1993).
13022:. Clear Mind Publishing.
12965:10.1017/S0026749X06002198
12430:Gailey, Harry A. (2011).
12230:10.1080/09668137308410900
12107:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
12048:Cherevko, Kirill (2003).
12031:Stanford University Press
11500:"Dispositions and deaths"
11168:Blackburn & Hack 2007
10174:Japanese prisoners of war
10110:29 September 2019 at the
10092:Brooks & Stanley 2007
9752:Bond & Tachikawa 2004
9131:Parshall & Tully 2005
9119:Parshall & Tully 2005
8804:Womack, Tom (1999–2000).
8309:British Newspaper Archive
8292:"Japans desperate gamble"
7914:Murray & Millett 2001
7807:Bren, John (3 June 2005)
7575:. Beehive. 15 August 2005
6000:
5903:Chinese famine of 1942–43
5830:
5094:Aftermath of World War II
4945:General Douglas MacArthur
4128:landing at Rendova Island
4099:to link India and China.
4093:China Burma India Theater
4061:Commander-in-Chief, India
3953:Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign
3594:
3020:Commander-in-Chief, India
2931:British forces surrender
2768:Dutch government in exile
2665:Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang
2469:China Burma India Theater
2437:
2221:(as the possessor of the
2219:Dutch government-in-exile
2160:
2128:
2109:
2089:
2064:
2052:China Burma India theater
1484:
1364:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1334:
810:
666:
540:
449:
346:
201:
190:Mushroom cloud after the
74:
66:
61:
18954:Second Sino-Japanese War
18896:Racial Equality Proposal
18476:Agriculture and Commerce
18040:Occupied Solomon Islands
18028:Occupied Gilbert Islands
17918:Kingdom of Luang Prabang
17053:Allied invasion of Italy
17030:Solomon Islands campaign
16779:Third Battle of Changsha
16376:First Battle of Changsha
16282:Second Sino-Japanese War
15222:German military brothels
15088:United States war crimes
14065:Morrison, Samuel, Elliot
14023:, Washington, D.C., 1990
13861:Harrison, Simon (2012).
13790:Goldman, Stuart (2012).
13257:The Asia-Pacific Journal
13237:The Asia-Pacific Journal
13145:Rummel, Rudolph (1991).
13089:Rauch, Jonathan (2002).
12854:MacLeod, Roy M. (1999).
12773:Jowett, Phillip (2005).
12488:Greenfield, Kent Roberts
12478:Garver, John W. (1988).
12355:Drea, Edward J. (2005).
12332:Drea, Edward J. (1998).
11890:Bix, Herbert P. (2000).
11340:24 February 2018 at the
10954:30 December 2010 at the
10947:Retrieved 25 July 2015;
10943:25 February 2011 at the
10691:(1995; New York, Knopf;
9412:Evans & Peattie 1997
9270:Evans & Peattie 1997
9107:Evans & Peattie 1997
8663:L., Klemen (1999–2000).
8437:Evans & Peattie 1997
8425:Evans & Peattie 1997
8371:Evans & Peattie 1997
7334:Retrieved 25 July 2015;
7330:Retrieved 25 July 2015;
7326:Retrieved 25 July 2015;
7185:King, Ernest J. (1945).
6723:Although Japan had been
6699:
6047:the 10 March firebombing
5865:
5635:on the Japanese city of
5561:ground invasion of Japan
5262:command of Maj. General
5149:Japanese Burma Area Army
4224:campaign towards Japan.
4171:Invasion of Salamaua–Lae
3822:Battle of Cape Esperance
3712:Solomon Islands campaign
3630:In May, US intelligence
3355:Second Operational Phase
3320:Combined Chiefs of Staff
3302:Allies re-group, 1942–43
2713:Japan sponsored several
2633:. This stopped Japanese
2532:Second Sino-Japanese War
2499:China Expeditionary Army
2181:, entered the war after
1952:The Pacific War saw the
1896:Second Sino-Japanese War
1650:pre-war border conflicts
1433:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
1281:Second Sino-Japanese War
1121:Estevan Point Lighthouse
876:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
827:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
140:Clockwise from top left:
18866:Washington Naval Treaty
18811:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
18796:First Sino-Japanese War
18615:Nuclear weapons program
18357:Great Japan Youth Party
18284:National seals of Japan
17967:Occupied British Borneo
17475:Second Guangxi campaign
17330:Philippines (1944–1945)
16834:Battle of the Coral Sea
16737:Fall of the Philippines
16383:Battle of South Guangxi
16289:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
15695:Italian Social Republic
14369:"Japan's War in Colour"
14338:6 November 2011 at the
14274:, W.W. Norton, (2020).
14258:, W.W. Norton, (2015).
14231:Presidio, 1981. Memoir.
13758:Degan, Patrick (2003).
13732:Cutler, Thomas (1994).
13545:Willmott, H.P. (2002).
13526:Willmott, H.P. (2005).
13505:Willmott, H.P. (1983).
13486:Willmott, H.P. (2014).
12932:Asia: A Concise History
12892:Marr, David G. (1995).
12610:Harmsen, Peter (2015).
12591:Harmsen, Peter (2013).
12572:Hara, Tameichi (2011).
12260:. Bloomsbury Academic.
12197:Costello, John (1982).
12163:. New York: New Press.
11936:Blair, Clay Jr (1975).
11871:Barber, Andrew (2010).
11633:Chapel, Joseph (2004).
11322:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
10938:NavSource Naval History
10881:Costello, John (2009).
9330:Croddy & Wirtz 2005
8773:Klemen, L (1999–2000).
8742:L, Klemen (1999–2000).
8694:Klemen, L (1999–2000).
8029:Encyclopædia Britannica
7866:, University of Hawaii.
7338:Retrieved 26 July 2015.
7290:Retrieved 10 March 2016
7278:Retrieved 10 March 2016
6992:Up to 20,000 casualties
6833:, faced charges at the
6179:China (incl. Hong Kong)
6021:
5820:Treaty of San Francisco
5464:South West Pacific Area
5415:Second Guangxi Campaign
4957:On 20 October 1944 the
4609:fast carrier task force
4483:Battle of the Admin Box
4406:, not knowing that the
4274:and concluded with the
4067:appointed Admiral Lord
4057:South East Asia Command
3439:Battle of the Coral Sea
3253:Territory of New Guinea
3153:, Philippines, May 1942
2639:invade French Indochina
2599:, but then the city of
2546:Japan invaded Manchuria
2358:(consisting of most of
2344:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2183:being attacked by Japan
2179:Philippine Commonwealth
2022:Philippine Commonwealth
1858:, sometimes called the
1428:French Indochina (1940)
883:Japanese merchant raids
744:43,125-50,000+ aircraft
156:prepare for takeoff to
27:Theater of World War II
18944:Motherland controversy
18914:Shōwa financial crisis
18706:Imperial Japanese Navy
18646:Imperial Japanese Army
18377:Peace Preservation Law
17060:Armistice of Cassibile
16862:Battle of Dutch Harbor
16813:Battle of the Java Sea
16716:Attack on Pearl Harbor
16616:Syria–Lebanon campaign
16609:Battle of South Shanxi
16579:Invasion of Yugoslavia
16362:Battle of the Atlantic
15976:Korean Liberation Army
15689:(until September 1943)
15646:(until September 1944)
15624:(until September 1944)
14357:The Pacific War Series
14096:Triumph in the Pacific
13962:Judge, Sean M. et al.
13957:The Years of MacArthur
13712:Buell, Thomas (1974).
13703:Buell, Thomas (1976).
13627:The Battle For Okinawa
13410:Takemae, Eiji (2003).
13395:. Palgrave MacMillan.
13305:Skates, James (1994).
12999:Nesbit, Roy C (2009).
12920:McLynn, Frank (2010).
12629:Hastings, Max (2008).
12532:Gruhl, Werner (2007).
12513:Grey, Jeffrey (1999).
12256:Croddy; Wirtz (2005).
11816:Burma: The longest War
11293:"The Battle for Kiska"
7902:Papers on World War II
7860:Statistics of democide
6561:
6498:
6277:Malaya & Singapore
6054:
6038:
6016:1945 Vietnamese Famine
5961:
5941:gross domestic product
5849:
5804:end of the Pacific War
5800:
5769:
5622:
5544:
5458:Borneo campaign (1945)
5453:
5318:
5310:
5281:casualties sustained.
5230:
5191:attempted to break out
5111:
5014:
4948:
4947:wading ashore at Leyte
4936:Philippines, 1944–1945
4847:
4779:. All US carriers had
4753:
4641:
4530:invaded northern Burma
4460:
4459:tanks on the Ledo Road
4382:
4336:
4245:
4131:
4012:Burma campaign 1942–43
4002:
3928:
3771:
3613:
3455:
3350:
3342:bomber takes off from
3296:raid on Sydney Harbour
3241:
3225:
3190:Jonathan M. Wainwright
3154:
3050:Battle of the Java Sea
3034:
2936:
2903:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2898:
2895:attack on Pearl Harbor
2879:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2696:Nationalist Government
2669:1st Battle of Changsha
2660:
2635:expansion to the north
2592:
2541:
2527:
2491:Imperial Japanese Army
2487:Imperial Japanese Navy
2480:Southwest Pacific Area
2304:201st Fighter Squadron
2239:Korean Liberation Army
2157:
2144:of 1931 through 1945.
2024:
1182:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1026:Burma and India (1944)
849:Gilberts and Marshalls
659:: c. 1,000,000+ (1945)
450:Commanders and leaders
169:after being struck by
48:. For other uses, see
18856:Siberian Intervention
18665:Railways and Shipping
18481:Commerce and Industry
18177:Industrial production
17942:Occupied West Sumatra
17224:Second Battle of Guam
17120:Bengal famine of 1943
17090:Second Battle of Kiev
17046:Battle of the Dnieper
16751:Battle of Wake Island
16623:East African campaign
16565:Battle of South Henan
16210:atrocities by Germans
15983:Korean Volunteer Army
14964:Occupation of Germany
14718:Music in World War II
14329:, 4000 short articles
14304:. Osprey Publishing.
14284:Weinberg, Gerhard L.
14242:W.W. Norton, (2011).
14146:. New York: Penguin.
14142:Prados, John (2016).
14123:Prados, John (2012).
13971:The War Against Japan
13914:Hornfischer, James D.
13892:Hornfischer, James D.
13823:10.1353/jmh.2006.0052
13587:Wilson, Dick (1982).
13467:Toland, John (2003).
13448:Tanaka, Yuki (2003).
13429:Tanaka, Yuki (1996).
13374:. Osprey Publishing.
13370:Stille, Mark (2014).
13231:Selden, Mark (2007).
13157:10.4324/9781315081328
13018:Olsen, Lance (2012).
12683:日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって
12180:The Fall of Singapore
11919:10.4324/9780203934746
11862:Banham, Tony (2005).
11814:Allen, Louis (1984).
11318:Battle of Lake Khasan
11266:Canadian War Museum.
9575:Chihaya Masataka, in
9516:on 15 September 2002.
8500:on 26 September 2011.
8191:Mitter, Rana (2013).
8095:, pp. 1067–1068.
8001:. BBC. Archived from
7680:. Anu. Archived from
7057:Bengal famine of 1943
6679:Pacific War campaigns
6559:
6507:Further information:
6493:
6044:
6030:IJA soldiers after a
6029:
5959:
5843:
5790:
5781:Powers", the Emperor
5753:
5654:has long been debated
5620:
5538:
5451:
5352:waist of the island.
5342:British Pacific Fleet
5316:
5298:
5244:Tadamichi Kuribayashi
5215:
5106:
5078:Thirteenth Air Forces
5012:
4943:
4888:San Bernardino Strait
4845:
4747:
4639:
4454:
4373:
4322:
4235:
4191:Battle of Munda Point
4175:Salamaua–Lae campaign
4161:Bougainville campaign
4125:
3992:
3946:a victory at Changsha
3922:
3870:to the IJN submarine
3800:Battle of Savo Island
3769:
3739:attacked a strategic
3650:At 10:22am, American
3602:
3447:The aircraft carrier
3446:
3337:
3308:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3227:
3220:Dutch and Australian
3219:
3207:Mediterranean Theatre
3148:
3107:Battle of Yenangyaung
3028:
2930:
2886:
2787:Japanese preparations
2673:Battle of Kunlun Pass
2655:
2590:
2539:
2521:
2509:Historical background
2155:
2059:Greater East Asia War
2018:
1888:Pacific Ocean theater
1575:Yugoslavian Partisans
1092:Philippines (1944–45)
1050:Philippines (1941–42)
667:Casualties and losses
484:Franklin D. Roosevelt
19274:Political dissidence
19123:Occupied territories
18861:General Election Law
18685:Taiwan Army of Japan
17906:Kingdom of Kampuchea
17510:Surrender of Germany
16988:Battle of West Hubei
16945:Guadalcanal campaign
16915:Battle of Stalingrad
16841:Battle of Madagascar
15615:Albania protectorate
15402:(formerly Swaziland)
15111:Wehrmacht war crimes
14927:Expulsion of Germans
14711:Art and World War II
14609:British contribution
14558:Governments in exile
14350:24 June 2019 at the
14300:Yenne, Bill (2014).
13879:Hayashi, Saburo and
13777:Dunnigan, James F.;
13001:The Battle for Burma
12953:Modern Asian Studies
12835:Long, Gavin (1963).
12704:Ho, Ping-ti (1959).
12390:China: A New History
12313:Dower, John (1993).
12275:Dauria, Tom (2014).
11451:19 June 2010 at the
11068:"The Bengali Famine"
10699:) for this argument.
10519:Hsu & Chang 1971
10317:4 March 2016 at the
10139:Hsu & Chang 1971
9742:, pp. 289, 299.
8843:Hsu & Chang 1971
8578:. 15 December 1941.
8548:. 15 December 1941.
8518:. 15 December 1941.
7264:Cook & Cook 1993
6584:firebombing of Tokyo
6403:Bismarck Archipelago
5704:invasion of Hokkaido
5591:Operation Starvation
5411:Battle of West Hunan
5369:, the light cruiser
5240:P-51 fighter escorts
4985:. On 9 January 1945
4838:Battle of Leyte Gulf
4574:Bismarck Archipelago
4441:Battle of West Hunan
4203:the Treasury Islands
4187:Drive on Munda Point
4179:New Georgia campaign
4050:Orde Charles Wingate
3978:On 2 November 1943,
3905:evacuated the island
3852:and heavily damaged
3610:B-17 Flying Fortress
3504:, and the destroyer
3487:, with the carriers
3426:one carrier division
3288:Enemy naval activity
3249:battle for Australia
3113:. Meanwhile, in the
2910:signals intelligence
2658:bombing of Chongqing
2084:Japan–China Incident
2057:Japan used the name
1987:air raids over Japan
893:Homfreyganj massacre
729:25 aircraft carriers
684:11 aircraft carriers
445:for further details.
410:for further details.
19093:Wang Jingwei regime
19003:Potsdam Declaration
18994:Soviet–Japanese War
18949:Anti-Comintern Pact
18939:January 28 incident
18924:London Naval Treaty
18801:Triple Intervention
18630:Supreme War Council
18514:deliberative bodies
18052:Occupied New Guinea
17833:Kingdom of Thailand
17600:Potsdam Declaration
17489:Italy (Spring 1945)
17252:Liberation of Paris
16709:Siege of Sevastopol
15727:(until August 1944)
15630:Wang Jingwei regime
15452:from September 1943
15412:from September 1944
15350:from September 1944
15210:Romanian war crimes
15201:Persecution of Jews
15187:Croatian war crimes
15157:Japanese war crimes
14971:Occupation of Japan
14920:First Indochina War
14632:Military production
14544:Declarations of war
14189:Seki, Eiji (2007).
14015:28 May 2015 at the
13969:Kirby, S. Woodburn
13955:James, D. Clayton.
13414:. Continuum Press.
13288:Defeat into Victory
12838:The Final Campaigns
11818:. Dent Publishing.
11781:, pp. 580–581.
11769:, pp. 576–577.
11757:, pp. 110–111.
11539:, p. =297–299.
11476:, pp. 19, 143.
11243:, pp. 633–634.
11218:. 1 December 2010.
10810:, pp. 477–512.
10798:, pp. 120–121.
10774:, pp. 312–336.
10749:. 10 October 2012.
10670:18 May 2008 at the
10554:, pp. 184–186.
10538:4 July 2015 at the
10521:, pp. 452–457.
10348:, pp. 227–228.
10153:, pp. 468–469.
10117:(17 February 2011).
10103:Powers, D. (2011):
9981:, pp. 188–189.
9896:"Battle of Peleliu"
9730:, pp. 157–167.
9675:on 17 November 2015
9669:"Operation Ichi-Go"
9577:Pearl Harbor Papers
9510:dutchsubmarines.com
9495:, pp. 991–992.
9467:Pearl Harbor Papers
9390:, pp. 112–116.
8922:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au.
8732:, pp. 170–172.
8627:, pp. 168–169.
8576:Inter-Allied Review
8546:Inter-Allied Review
8516:Inter-Allied Review
8470:. 8 December 1941.
8195:. Houghton Mifflin.
7720:, pp. 143–144.
7452:New Guinea Campaign
7427:Battle of Hong Kong
6729:attack Pearl Harbor
6503:Japanese war crimes
6263:Burma (incl. India)
6063:
5768:, 2 September 1945.
5696:Soviet–Japanese War
5646:another atomic bomb
5599:Potsdam Declaration
5589:LeMay also oversaw
5565:Victor Davis Hanson
5055:Filipino guerrillas
4770:Raymond A. Spruance
4632:Marianas and Palaus
4613:Operation Hailstone
4465:Burma Campaign 1944
4199:New Georgia Islands
4183:Landings on Rendova
4167:Operation Cartwheel
4157:Operation Cartwheel
4153:New Guinea campaign
4106:invasion headed to
4027:intended to secure
4025:offensive in Arakan
3708:New Guinea campaign
3383:Naval General Staff
3201:Threat to Australia
3041:, beginning with a
2772:stopped selling oil
2601:Xuzhou was taken by
2564:in order to form a
2476:Pacific Ocean Areas
2364:Wang Jingwei regime
2227:Pacific War Council
2103:Occupation of Japan
1985:and massive Allied
1900:Soviet–Japanese War
1404:Siberia (1918–1922)
319:, organized as the
158:attack Pearl Harbor
46:Pacific Ocean Areas
18816:Russo-Japanese War
18786:Two Lords Incident
18441:Imperial Household
17992:Occupied Singapore
17980:Occupied Hong Kong
17593:Surrender of Japan
17426:Battle of Iwo Jima
17275:Belgrade offensive
16688:Siege of Leningrad
16572:Battle of Shanggao
16501:British Somaliland
16466:Dunkirk evacuation
16417:Norwegian campaign
16355:Invasion of Poland
16182:Japanese prisoners
15150:Italian war crimes
15081:British war crimes
14996:Soviet occupations
14780:South-West Pacific
14667:Allied cooperation
14625:Military equipment
14227:With the Old Breed
14076:Myers, Michael W.
13990:US Naval Institute
13976:Leary, William M.
13938:M. E. Sharpe, 1992
12201:. Harper Collins.
11767:Dennis et al. 2008
11446:Allied War Losses.
11074:. 18 November 2008
10181:. pp. 47–48.
9898:. 21 August 2018.
9603:"Sinkings By Boat"
9562:Farago, Ladislas.
9378:, pp. 97–101.
8299:. 18 November 1940
8080:Amerasia, Volume 7
7952:, p. 129–148.
7684:on 19 October 2017
7076:) killed/missing.
6880:Allied casualties
6590:as a war crime. A
6562:
6543:biological weapons
6499:
6456:auxiliary cruisers
6061:
6055:
6039:
5962:
5850:
5822:came into force).
5770:
5746:Surrender of Japan
5662:incendiary bombing
5623:
5603:Potsdam Conference
5545:
5531:Air raids on Japan
5527:Operation Downfall
5468:Australian I Corps
5454:
5319:
5311:
5252:V Amphibious Corps
5231:
5208:Battle of Iwo Jima
5112:
5028:58th Fighter Group
5015:
4967:US Fifth Air Force
4949:
4882:and another under
4848:
4785:combat air patrols
4754:
4696:attacked the bases
4642:
4598:Western New Guinea
4485:when the isolated
4461:
4455:Chinese forces on
4383:
4337:
4246:
4132:
4102:In 1943, the Thai
4023:One attack was an
4003:
3957:biological warfare
3929:
3772:
3614:
3456:
3393:Concurrently, the
3351:
3310:, his key advisor
3283:Franklin Roosevelt
3267:almost 100 times.
3226:
3195:Bataan Death March
3180:and the Island of
3155:
3035:
2937:
2899:
2761:Sankichi Takahashi
2715:puppet governments
2661:
2593:
2558:Chinese Communists
2542:
2528:
2465:South West Pacific
2243:Free Thai Movement
2158:
2123:Fifteen Years' War
2025:
1777:French West Africa
1618:South West Pacific
1526:Denmark and Norway
1240:Japanese surrender
1206:Naval bombardments
1136:Fire balloon bombs
859:Volcano and Ryukyu
854:Marianas and Palau
305:, followed by the
39:War of the Pacific
19282:
19281:
19254:Socialist thought
19202:
19201:
19141:Dutch East Indies
19103:Empire of Vietnam
19021:
19020:
18791:Satsuma Rebellion
18771:Meiji Restoration
18748:
18747:
18558:
18557:
18496:Greater East Asia
18382:Political parties
18337:Foreign relations
18084:
18083:
17894:Empire of Vietnam
17667:
17666:
17625:
17624:
17468:Battle of Okinawa
17367:Burma (1944–1945)
17201:Mariana and Palau
16981:Tunisian campaign
16806:Fall of Singapore
16730:Fall of Hong Kong
16473:Battle of Britain
16326:Operation Himmler
16235:
16234:
15899:Dutch East Indies
15542:Southern Rhodesia
15294:
15293:
15194:Genocide of Serbs
15097:German war crimes
15074:Soviet war crimes
15067:Allied war crimes
14913:Division of Korea
14892:Chinese Civil War
14690:Strategic bombing
14602:Manhattan Project
14311:978-1-78200-982-5
14200:978-1-905246-28-1
14169:Miracle at Midway
14153:978-0-698-18576-0
14134:978-1-101-60195-2
14057:978-1-59114-500-4
13941:Hsi-sheng, Ch'i.
13927:978-0-345-54872-6
13905:978-0-553-38512-0
13872:978-0-85745-499-7
13801:978-1-61251-098-9
13637:978-0-471-18080-7
13609:978-1-59884-415-3
13589:When Tigers Fight
13497:978-1-612-51728-5
13459:978-1-134-65012-5
13440:978-0-8133-2717-4
13381:978-1-47280-146-3
13337:Free Press, 1985.
13316:978-0-87249-972-0
13223:978-0-674-05988-7
13166:978-1-315-08132-8
13117:978-0-688-00267-1
13081:978-1-59114-664-3
13029:978-0-9838435-7-3
13010:978-1-84415-955-0
12884:978-0-520-25445-9
12827:978-0-8014-7628-0
12806:978-0-415-58264-3
12750:Jansen, Marius B.
12732:978-0-76033-975-6
12696:978-4-00-003317-6
12673:978-0-19061-675-5
12642:978-0-307-26351-3
12621:978-1-61200-284-2
12602:978-1-61200-167-8
12583:978-1-59114-384-0
12505:978-0-89874-557-3
12441:978-0-307-80204-0
12422:978-0-8047-5427-9
12409:Frank, Richard B.
12305:978-0-19-551784-2
12286:978-1-4808-0420-3
12267:978-1-85109-490-5
12248:978-1-60752-659-9
12208:978-0-688-01620-3
12189:978-981-07-0984-6
12170:978-1-56584-039-3
12114:978-1-472-82546-9
12095:978-1-56324-246-5
12072:978-1-4020-2097-1
12040:978-0-8047-5399-9
12017:978-0-472-10806-0
12008:A Study of Crisis
11975:978-0-19-159035-1
11956:978-0-7146-8555-7
11928:978-0-203-93474-6
11901:978-0-06-093130-8
11882:978-983-43372-3-0
11806:978-0-7881-3528-6
11389:, pp. 30–31.
11216:naval-history.net
10892:978-0-688-01620-3
10820:Patrick Clancey.
9541:, pp. 27–40.
9133:, pp. 19–38.
9076:, pp. 32–34.
9045:, pp. 31–32.
8124:on 9 January 2009
8031:(Online ed.)
7898:M. R. Seni Pramoj
7543:|archiveurl=
7475:978-0-19-280670-3
7324:www.navsource.org
7254:, Ch. 7, Table 7.
7087:Battle of Okinawa
6892:Republic of China
6787:Neutrality Patrol
6659:Japanese holdouts
6444:
6443:
5926:Three Alls Policy
5757:signs the formal
5755:Douglas MacArthur
5731:Battle of Shumshu
5690:(Kwantung Army).
5365:, the battleship
5291:Battle of Okinawa
5180:Operation Dracula
5110:landing at Ramree
4999:battle for Manila
4660:Northern Marianas
4654:Battle of Peleliu
4621:Western Carolines
4433:Operation Ichi-Go
4282:Submarine warfare
4276:Cairo Declaration
4195:airfield at Munda
4077:Claude Auchinleck
4069:Louis Mountbatten
4065:Winston Churchill
3984:Battle of Changde
3925:Battle of Changde
3893:Allied air forces
3471:Tulagi was seized
3292:midget submarines
3245:Fall of Singapore
3174:Douglas MacArthur
3031:Bombing of Darwin
2837:Asia/West Pacific
2730:strategic bombing
2689:Three Alls Policy
2681:counter-offensive
2554:Nationalist Party
2453:areas of conflict
2391:Dutch East Indies
2223:Dutch East Indies
2042:War against Japan
1989:, as well as the
1911:Republic of China
1849:
1848:
1770:Strategic bombing
1686:Mediterranean Sea
1441:
1440:
1369:China (1899–1901)
1289:
1288:
1131:Lookout Air Raids
1038:Southwest Pacific
769:
768:
566:3,621,383+ (1945)
496:Winston Churchill
372:Republic of China
342:
341:
307:division of Korea
185:Operation Ichi-Go
16:(Redirected from
19307:
19244:Shinmin no Michi
19234:Internment camps
19146:French Indochina
19030:
19029:
18876:Taishō Democracy
18757:
18756:
18680:Japanese holdout
18567:
18566:
18491:Colonial Affairs
18425:
18424:
18352:Yokusan Sonendan
18258:
18250:
18242:
18226:
18225:
18152:Economic history
18111:
18104:
18097:
18088:
18087:
18050:
18049:
18048:
18038:
18037:
18036:
18026:
18025:
18024:
18014:
18013:
18012:
18002:
18001:
18000:
17990:
17989:
17988:
17978:
17977:
17976:
17965:
17964:
17963:
17952:
17951:
17950:
17940:
17939:
17938:
17928:
17927:
17926:
17916:
17915:
17914:
17904:
17903:
17902:
17892:
17891:
17890:
17882:French Indochina
17880:
17879:
17878:
17868:
17866:
17865:
17855:
17854:
17853:
17843:
17842:
17841:
17831:
17830:
17829:
17819:
17818:
17817:
17807:
17806:
17805:
17795:
17794:
17793:
17783:
17782:
17781:
17771:
17770:
17769:
17759:
17758:
17757:
17747:
17746:
17745:
17735:
17734:
17733:
17723:
17722:
17721:
17694:
17687:
17680:
17671:
17670:
17660:
17653:
17646:
17643:World portal
17641:
17640:
17616:
17609:
17602:
17595:
17586:
17579:
17572:
17563:
17556:
17549:
17542:
17535:
17528:
17519:
17512:
17505:
17503:Prague offensive
17498:
17496:Battle of Berlin
17491:
17484:
17477:
17470:
17463:
17456:
17449:
17442:
17440:Vienna offensive
17435:
17428:
17421:
17419:Battle of Manila
17414:
17394:
17385:
17376:
17369:
17360:
17353:
17346:
17339:
17332:
17325:
17318:
17309:
17300:
17293:
17284:
17277:
17270:
17263:
17254:
17247:
17240:
17233:
17226:
17219:
17212:
17203:
17196:
17187:
17178:
17169:
17162:
17160:Korsun–Cherkassy
17155:
17144:
17122:
17113:
17106:
17099:
17092:
17085:
17078:
17071:
17062:
17055:
17048:
17041:
17032:
17025:
17018:
17011:
17004:
17002:Bombing of Gorky
16997:
16990:
16983:
16963:
16956:
16947:
16940:
16933:
16924:
16917:
16910:
16903:
16892:
16885:
16878:
16871:
16869:Battle of Midway
16864:
16857:
16855:Battle of Gazala
16850:
16843:
16836:
16829:
16822:
16815:
16808:
16788:
16781:
16774:
16767:
16765:Battle of Borneo
16760:
16758:Malayan campaign
16753:
16746:
16739:
16732:
16725:
16718:
16711:
16704:
16702:Bombing of Gorky
16697:
16695:Battle of Moscow
16690:
16683:
16676:
16669:
16662:
16655:
16639:
16632:
16625:
16618:
16611:
16604:
16595:
16588:
16581:
16574:
16567:
16547:
16538:
16531:
16524:
16517:
16510:
16503:
16496:
16489:
16482:
16475:
16468:
16461:
16459:Battle of France
16454:
16447:
16440:
16433:
16426:
16419:
16399:
16392:
16385:
16378:
16371:
16364:
16357:
16335:
16328:
16321:
16314:
16312:Munich Agreement
16307:
16300:
16291:
16284:
16277:
16268:
16261:
16246:
16245:
16228:
16221:
16212:
16205:
16198:
16197:Soviet prisoners
16191:
16184:
16177:
16168:
16161:
16152:
16145:
16138:
16137:German prisoners
16133:
16113:
16104:
16097:
16090:
16085:
16078:
16071:
16064:
16057:
16050:
16043:
16036:
16029:
16022:
16015:
16008:
16001:
15994:
15985:
15978:
15971:
15964:
15957:
15950:
15943:
15936:
15929:
15922:
15915:
15908:
15901:
15894:
15887:
15880:
15873:
15866:
15859:
15839:
15832:
15825:
15818:
15811:
15804:
15797:
15790:
15783:
15776:
15769:
15749:
15742:
15735:
15728:
15720:
15713:
15706:
15697:
15690:
15682:
15675:
15673:French Indochina
15668:
15661:
15654:
15647:
15639:
15632:
15625:
15617:
15597:
15588:
15581:
15572:
15565:
15558:
15551:
15544:
15537:
15530:
15523:
15520:from August 1944
15511:
15504:
15497:
15490:
15483:
15476:
15469:
15462:
15455:
15443:
15436:
15429:
15422:
15415:
15403:
15395:
15388:
15381:
15374:
15367:
15360:
15353:
15341:
15334:
15327:
15320:
15305:
15304:
15285:
15278:
15271:
15264:
15257:
15246:
15231:
15224:
15217:
15212:
15203:
15196:
15189:
15180:
15173:
15166:
15164:Nanjing Massacre
15159:
15152:
15143:
15141:Nuremberg trials
15134:
15127:
15120:
15113:
15106:
15099:
15090:
15083:
15076:
15069:
15049:
15042:
15035:
15026:
15019:
15012:
15005:
14998:
14991:
14982:
14973:
14966:
14959:
14952:
14943:
14936:
14929:
14922:
14915:
14908:
14901:
14894:
14874:
14865:
14858:
14851:
14842:
14835:
14828:
14821:
14812:
14805:
14798:
14789:
14782:
14775:
14768:
14761:
14754:
14747:
14745:Asia and Pacific
14727:
14720:
14713:
14706:
14699:
14692:
14685:
14676:
14674:Mulberry harbour
14669:
14662:
14655:
14648:
14641:
14634:
14627:
14620:
14611:
14604:
14597:
14588:
14581:
14574:
14567:
14560:
14553:
14546:
14539:
14532:
14525:
14516:
14509:
14494:
14493:
14482:
14475:
14466:
14459:
14452:
14445:
14438:
14431:
14424:
14403:
14396:
14389:
14380:
14379:
14370:
14315:
14204:
14171:. Penguin, 1982.
14162:At Dawn We Slept
14157:
14138:
14061:
14042:
14003:
13931:
13909:
13876:
13857:
13834:
13805:
13786:
13785:. Facts on File.
13773:
13747:
13717:
13708:
13699:
13687:
13641:
13620:
13618:
13616:
13592:
13583:
13571:
13560:
13541:
13522:
13501:
13482:
13463:
13444:
13425:
13406:
13402:978-0-31216454-6
13385:
13366:
13320:
13301:
13279:
13275:978-0-19564954-3
13260:
13251:
13249:
13247:
13227:
13208:
13189:
13170:
13141:
13132:
13121:
13102:
13100:
13098:
13085:
13063:
13042:
13033:
13014:
12995:
12991:978-0-67404130-1
12976:
12959:(4): 1053–1096.
12946:
12942:978-0-84768063-4
12925:
12916:
12897:
12888:
12869:
12865:978-0-79235851-0
12850:
12831:
12810:
12788:
12769:
12745:
12736:
12725:. Zenith Press.
12717:
12700:
12677:
12658:
12646:
12625:
12606:
12587:
12568:
12564:978-0-38572194-3
12549:
12545:978-0-76580352-8
12528:
12509:
12483:
12474:
12451:Military Affairs
12445:
12426:
12404:
12383:
12364:Evans, David C;
12360:
12351:
12328:
12309:
12290:
12271:
12252:
12233:
12212:
12193:
12174:
12155:
12146:
12137:
12118:
12099:
12076:
12057:
12044:
12021:
12002:
11996:
11988:
11979:
11960:
11941:
11932:
11905:
11886:
11867:
11858:
11829:
11810:
11782:
11776:
11770:
11764:
11758:
11752:
11746:
11745:, p. 64-66.
11740:
11734:
11728:
11722:
11716:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11705:
11696:. Archived from
11694:history.navy.mil
11686:
11680:
11674:
11668:
11667:
11666:. November 1948.
11657:
11651:
11650:
11648:
11646:
11630:
11624:
11618:
11612:
11606:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11595:
11576:
11570:
11569:
11567:
11565:
11546:
11540:
11534:
11528:
11525:
11519:
11518:
11513:
11511:
11495:
11489:
11483:
11477:
11471:
11465:
11462:
11456:
11443:
11437:
11434:
11428:
11427:
11425:
11423:
11408:
11402:
11396:
11390:
11384:
11378:
11375:
11369:
11352:, 30 BT-5RTs, 8
11331:
11325:
11310:
11304:
11303:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11280:
11278:
11263:
11257:
11250:
11244:
11238:
11232:
11231:
11229:
11227:
11208:
11197:
11196:
11194:
11192:
11177:
11171:
11165:
11156:
11150:
11144:
11138:
11132:
11126:
11120:
11114:
11108:
11102:
11096:
11090:
11084:
11083:
11081:
11079:
11064:
11058:
11052:
11046:
11040:
11034:
11031:
11022:
11016:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11002:
10991:
10985:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10975:. 15 August 2005
10965:
10959:
10935:
10929:
10928:
10916:
10910:
10903:
10897:
10896:
10878:
10872:
10871:
10869:
10867:
10852:
10846:
10845:
10843:
10841:
10817:
10811:
10805:
10799:
10793:
10787:
10781:
10775:
10769:
10763:
10762:
10760:
10758:
10737:
10731:
10721:
10712:
10706:
10700:
10685:
10679:
10661:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10647:
10626:
10620:
10619:
10617:
10615:
10600:
10594:
10588:
10579:
10573:
10567:
10561:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10528:
10522:
10516:
10507:
10501:
10492:
10482:
10476:
10470:
10464:
10454:
10445:
10439:
10433:
10427:
10421:
10415:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10391:
10385:
10379:
10373:
10367:
10361:
10355:
10349:
10339:
10333:
10327:
10321:
10304:
10298:
10292:
10283:
10277:
10271:
10265:
10256:
10250:
10237:
10231:
10225:
10215:
10209:
10203:
10194:
10192:
10165:
10154:
10148:
10142:
10136:
10130:
10124:
10118:
10101:
10095:
10089:
10080:
10079:
10077:
10075:
10055:
10049:
10043:
10034:
10024:
10018:
10012:
10001:
9995:
9982:
9972:
9966:
9956:
9950:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9918:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9892:
9886:
9880:
9874:
9864:
9858:
9848:
9842:
9836:
9830:
9824:
9815:
9809:
9794:
9788:
9779:
9773:
9767:
9761:
9755:
9749:
9743:
9737:
9731:
9725:
9719:
9713:
9707:
9704:
9698:
9691:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9671:. Archived from
9665:
9659:
9658:
9657:
9655:
9637:
9631:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9614:
9605:. Pigboats.com.
9598:
9592:
9586:
9580:
9573:
9567:
9560:
9554:
9548:
9542:
9536:
9530:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9512:. Archived from
9502:
9496:
9490:
9484:
9478:
9469:
9460:
9454:
9448:
9442:
9436:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9403:
9397:
9391:
9385:
9379:
9373:
9367:
9360:
9354:
9353:
9342:
9333:
9327:
9321:
9315:
9309:
9303:
9297:
9291:
9285:
9279:
9273:
9267:
9261:
9255:
9249:
9243:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9232:
9217:
9211:
9205:
9194:
9188:
9177:
9171:
9162:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9134:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9110:
9104:
9098:
9092:
9077:
9071:
9065:
9059:
9046:
9040:
9034:
9028:
9019:
9013:
9007:
9001:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8978:on 13 April 2010
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8942:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8916:
8910:
8907:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8896:
8881:
8875:
8869:
8863:
8857:
8846:
8840:
8834:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8801:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8770:
8764:
8763:
8761:
8759:
8739:
8733:
8727:
8721:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8682:
8680:
8660:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8634:
8628:
8622:
8616:
8610:
8604:
8598:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8587:
8568:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8557:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8527:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8490:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8458:
8452:
8446:
8440:
8434:
8428:
8422:
8413:
8410:Boog et al. 2001
8407:
8401:
8395:
8386:
8380:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8331:
8325:
8322:Kokushi Daijiten
8319:
8313:
8312:
8306:
8304:
8297:Aberdeen Journal
8294:
8287:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8227:
8221:
8215:
8209:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8188:
8182:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8152:
8146:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8120:. Archived from
8114:
8108:
8102:
8096:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8082:. Amerasia, inc.
8072:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8058:
8047:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8021:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8010:
8005:on 19 March 2011
7995:
7989:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7965:
7959:
7953:
7947:
7941:
7935:
7929:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7905:
7885:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7838:, p. 1057n.
7833:
7827:
7821:
7815:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7772:
7766:
7760:
7757:
7751:
7745:
7736:
7730:
7721:
7715:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7674:
7668:
7662:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7648:
7638:
7632:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7580:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7510:
7504:
7501:
7495:
7489:
7480:
7479:
7461:
7455:
7445:
7439:
7436:
7430:
7415:
7409:
7408:
7396:
7385:
7384:
7363:
7352:
7345:
7339:
7321:
7315:
7309:
7303:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7279:
7273:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7223:
7217:
7211:
7202:
7196:
7190:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7153:
7147:
7141:
7135:
7126:
7120:
7094:
7091:Battle of Saipan
7089:, 22,000 in the
7083:
7077:
7070:
7064:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7037:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7006:1,000 casualties
7002:
7000:
6999:
6988:
6986:
6985:
6974:
6972:
6971:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6878:
6872:
6869:
6863:
6859:
6848:
6845:
6839:
6822:
6816:
6809:
6803:
6796:
6790:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6768:
6765:
6759:
6756:
6750:
6747:
6741:
6740:Until April 1945
6738:
6732:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6633:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6549:Burma–Thailand "
6520:prisoners of war
6235:French Indochina
6123:Formosa (Taiwan)
6064:
6060:
5882:20 million.
5798:
5679:Yalta Conference
5667:Richard B. Frank
5470:, under General
5334:Mitsuru Ushijima
5074:Sulu Archipelago
4832:Leyte Gulf, 1944
4725:The invasion of
4650:Battle of Saipan
4526:Battle of Imphal
4396:Mark VI exploder
4314:troop transports
4272:Cairo Conference
4262:Cairo Conference
4242:Cairo Conference
4197:and the rest of
4137:commerce defense
4126:American forces
4073:Viceroy of India
4048:under Brigadier
4018:famine in Bengal
3927:in November 1943
3901:Ironbottom Sound
3737:Japanese marines
3618:Battle of Midway
3608:under attack by
3239:
3178:Bataan Peninsula
3166:US Asiatic Fleet
2988:Archibald Wavell
2941:Malayan Campaign
2914:war of attrition
2833:surprise attacks
2582:Nanjing Massacre
2566:nominal alliance
2442:
2441:
2411:Timorese militia
2403:French Indochina
2350:of the Japanese
2262:border conflicts
2189:as well as from
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2034:Allied countries
2028:Names of the war
1947:invaded Thailand
1860:Asia–Pacific War
1836:French Indochina
1479:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1261:Manchuria (1945)
1116:Aleutian Islands
966:Indochina (1945)
936:Indochina (1940)
922:2nd Indian Ocean
905:1st Indian Ocean
900:Christmas Island
805:
795:
788:
781:
772:
771:
696:21,555+ aircraft
654:
653:
646:
640:
639:
630:
629:
620:
619:
605:1,747,465 (1945)
604:
603:
594:
593:
584:
583:
575:
574:
565:
564:
555:
554:
530:
529:
528:
518:
517:
516:
494:
493:
492:
482:
481:
480:
470:
469:
468:
435:
431:
429:
428:
397:
395:
394:
384:
382:
381:
374:
370:
368:
367:
203:
202:
133:
124:
113:
104:
93:
84:
59:
58:
21:
19315:
19314:
19310:
19309:
19308:
19306:
19305:
19304:
19285:
19284:
19283:
19278:
19264:Yasukuni Shrine
19198:
19175:
19117:
19071:
19017:
18969:Tripartite Pact
18964:Rape of Nanking
18900:
18886:Tapani incident
18830:
18806:Boxer Rebellion
18764:
18744:
18708:
18699:
18648:
18639:
18574:
18554:
18548:Representatives
18516:
18513:
18512:Legislative and
18505:
18471:Foreign Affairs
18434:
18431:
18416:
18315:
18294:Government Seal
18279:Rising Sun Flag
18262:
18256:
18248:
18240:
18227:
18218:
18120:
18118:Empire of Japan
18115:
18085:
18080:
18057:
18056:
18046:
18044:
18034:
18032:
18022:
18020:
18010:
18008:
17998:
17996:
17986:
17984:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17961:
17959:
17954:Occupied Malaya
17948:
17946:
17936:
17934:
17924:
17922:
17912:
17910:
17900:
17898:
17888:
17886:
17876:
17874:
17863:
17861:
17851:
17849:
17839:
17837:
17827:
17825:
17815:
17813:
17803:
17801:
17791:
17789:
17779:
17777:
17767:
17765:
17755:
17753:
17743:
17741:
17731:
17729:
17719:
17717:
17708:
17702:Empire of Japan
17698:
17668:
17663:
17656:
17649:
17635:
17633:
17621:
17612:
17605:
17598:
17591:
17582:
17575:
17568:
17559:
17554:Atomic bombings
17552:
17545:
17538:
17531:
17524:
17515:
17508:
17501:
17494:
17487:
17480:
17473:
17466:
17459:
17452:
17445:
17438:
17431:
17424:
17417:
17410:
17397:
17390:
17379:
17372:
17365:
17356:
17349:
17342:
17335:
17328:
17321:
17312:
17303:
17296:
17287:
17280:
17273:
17266:
17257:
17250:
17245:Eastern Romania
17243:
17238:Warsaw Uprising
17236:
17231:Tannenberg Line
17229:
17222:
17217:Western Ukraine
17215:
17206:
17199:
17190:
17181:
17172:
17165:
17158:
17147:
17138:
17125:
17118:
17109:
17102:
17095:
17088:
17081:
17074:
17067:
17058:
17051:
17044:
17035:
17028:
17021:
17014:
17009:Battle of Kursk
17007:
17000:
16993:
16986:
16979:
16966:
16959:
16950:
16943:
16936:
16927:
16920:
16913:
16906:
16897:
16888:
16881:
16874:
16867:
16860:
16853:
16846:
16839:
16832:
16825:
16820:St Nazaire Raid
16818:
16811:
16804:
16791:
16784:
16777:
16770:
16763:
16756:
16749:
16742:
16735:
16728:
16721:
16714:
16707:
16700:
16693:
16686:
16679:
16672:
16665:
16658:
16644:
16635:
16628:
16621:
16614:
16607:
16602:Anglo-Iraqi War
16600:
16593:Battle of Crete
16591:
16584:
16577:
16570:
16563:
16550:
16541:
16534:
16527:
16522:Eastern Romania
16520:
16513:
16506:
16499:
16492:
16485:
16478:
16471:
16464:
16457:
16450:
16443:
16436:
16429:
16422:
16415:
16402:
16395:
16388:
16381:
16374:
16367:
16360:
16353:
16340:
16331:
16324:
16317:
16310:
16303:
16296:
16287:
16280:
16273:
16264:
16257:
16231:
16224:
16217:
16208:
16201:
16196:
16187:
16180:
16173:
16164:
16157:
16148:
16141:
16136:
16129:
16116:
16109:
16100:
16093:
16088:
16083:Western Ukraine
16081:
16074:
16067:
16060:
16053:
16046:
16039:
16032:
16027:Northeast China
16025:
16018:
16011:
16004:
15997:
15990:
15981:
15974:
15967:
15960:
15953:
15946:
15939:
15932:
15925:
15918:
15911:
15904:
15897:
15890:
15883:
15876:
15869:
15862:
15855:
15842:
15835:
15828:
15821:
15814:
15807:
15800:
15793:
15786:
15779:
15772:
15765:
15752:
15745:
15738:
15733:Slovak Republic
15731:
15723:
15716:
15709:
15704:Empire of Japan
15702:
15693:
15685:
15678:
15671:
15664:
15657:
15650:
15642:
15635:
15628:
15620:
15613:
15600:
15593:
15584:
15577:
15568:
15561:
15554:
15547:
15540:
15533:
15526:
15514:
15507:
15500:
15493:
15486:
15479:
15472:
15465:
15458:
15446:
15439:
15432:
15425:
15418:
15406:
15398:
15391:
15384:
15377:
15370:
15363:
15356:
15344:
15337:
15330:
15323:
15316:
15290:
15281:
15274:
15267:
15260:
15249:
15234:
15227:
15220:
15216:Sexual violence
15215:
15208:
15199:
15192:
15185:
15176:
15169:
15162:
15155:
15148:
15139:
15130:
15123:
15116:
15109:
15102:
15095:
15086:
15079:
15072:
15065:
15052:
15045:
15038:
15031:
15022:
15015:
15008:
15001:
14994:
14985:
14976:
14969:
14962:
14955:
14946:
14939:
14934:Greek Civil War
14932:
14925:
14918:
14911:
14904:
14897:
14890:
14877:
14870:
14861:
14854:
14847:
14838:
14831:
14824:
14817:
14808:
14801:
14794:
14785:
14778:
14771:
14764:
14759:South-East Asia
14757:
14750:
14743:
14730:
14723:
14716:
14709:
14702:
14695:
14688:
14681:
14672:
14665:
14658:
14651:
14644:
14637:
14630:
14623:
14618:Military awards
14616:
14607:
14600:
14593:
14584:
14577:
14570:
14563:
14556:
14549:
14542:
14535:
14528:
14521:
14512:
14505:
14485:
14478:
14471:
14462:
14455:
14448:
14443:
14434:
14427:
14420:
14412:
14407:
14368:
14352:Wayback Machine
14340:Wayback Machine
14323:
14318:
14312:
14201:
14185:(2009). 458 pp.
14174:Prange, et al.
14167:Prange, et al.
14154:
14135:
14058:
14017:Wayback Machine
14000:
13950:The Divine Wind
13928:
13906:
13873:
13854:
13802:
13779:Nofi, Albert A.
13770:
13750:Dean, Peter J.
13744:
13696:
13675:
13669:
13667:Further reading
13664:
13647:Primary sources
13638:
13614:
13612:
13610:
13580:
13557:
13538:
13519:
13498:
13479:
13460:
13441:
13422:
13403:
13382:
13331:Spector, Ronald
13317:
13298:
13276:
13245:
13243:
13224:
13205:
13186:
13167:
13140:. Bantam Books.
13118:
13096:
13094:
13082:
13068:Peattie, Mark R
13060:
13030:
13011:
12992:
12943:
12913:
12885:
12866:
12828:
12807:
12785:
12766:
12733:
12697:
12674:
12643:
12622:
12603:
12584:
12565:
12546:
12525:
12506:
12463:10.2307/1983926
12442:
12423:
12401:
12380:
12366:Peattie, Mark R
12348:
12325:
12306:
12287:
12268:
12249:
12209:
12190:
12171:
12134:
12115:
12096:
12073:
12041:
12018:
11990:
11989:
11976:
11957:
11929:
11902:
11883:
11847:10.2307/3641184
11826:
11807:
11790:
11785:
11777:
11773:
11765:
11761:
11753:
11749:
11741:
11737:
11729:
11725:
11717:
11713:
11703:
11701:
11688:
11687:
11683:
11675:
11671:
11659:
11658:
11654:
11644:
11642:
11631:
11627:
11619:
11615:
11607:
11603:
11593:
11591:
11578:
11577:
11573:
11563:
11561:
11548:
11547:
11543:
11535:
11531:
11526:
11522:
11509:
11507:
11496:
11492:
11484:
11480:
11472:
11468:
11463:
11459:
11453:Wayback Machine
11444:
11440:
11435:
11431:
11421:
11419:
11410:
11409:
11405:
11397:
11393:
11385:
11381:
11376:
11372:
11342:Wayback Machine
11332:
11328:
11311:
11307:
11297:Canadian Heroes
11291:
11290:
11286:
11276:
11274:
11264:
11260:
11251:
11247:
11239:
11235:
11225:
11223:
11210:
11209:
11200:
11190:
11188:
11178:
11174:
11166:
11159:
11151:
11147:
11139:
11135:
11127:
11123:
11115:
11111:
11103:
11099:
11091:
11087:
11077:
11075:
11066:
11065:
11061:
11053:
11049:
11041:
11037:
11032:
11025:
11019:Clodfelter 2002
11017:
11010:
11000:
10998:
10993:
10992:
10988:
10978:
10976:
10967:
10966:
10962:
10956:Wayback Machine
10945:Wayback Machine
10936:
10932:
10922:
10917:
10913:
10904:
10900:
10893:
10879:
10875:
10865:
10863:
10854:
10853:
10849:
10839:
10837:
10818:
10814:
10806:
10802:
10796:Greenfield 1967
10794:
10790:
10782:
10778:
10770:
10766:
10756:
10754:
10739:
10738:
10734:
10722:
10715:
10707:
10703:
10686:
10682:
10672:Wayback Machine
10662:
10655:
10645:
10643:
10628:
10627:
10623:
10613:
10611:
10602:
10601:
10597:
10589:
10582:
10574:
10570:
10562:
10558:
10550:
10546:
10540:Wayback Machine
10529:
10525:
10517:
10510:
10502:
10495:
10487:, p. 445;
10483:
10479:
10471:
10467:
10459:, p. 445;
10455:
10448:
10440:
10436:
10428:
10424:
10416:
10412:
10404:
10400:
10392:
10388:
10380:
10376:
10368:
10364:
10356:
10352:
10344:, p. 303;
10340:
10336:
10328:
10324:
10319:Wayback Machine
10312:in Project MUSE
10305:
10301:
10293:
10286:
10278:
10274:
10266:
10259:
10251:
10240:
10232:
10228:
10220:, p. 408;
10216:
10212:
10204:
10197:
10189:
10166:
10157:
10149:
10145:
10137:
10133:
10125:
10121:
10112:Wayback Machine
10102:
10098:
10090:
10083:
10073:
10071:
10056:
10052:
10044:
10037:
10025:
10021:
10013:
10004:
9996:
9985:
9973:
9969:
9961:, p. 188;
9957:
9953:
9945:
9941:
9931:
9929:
9928:on 3 March 2016
9920:
9919:
9915:
9905:
9903:
9894:
9893:
9889:
9881:
9877:
9869:, p. 230;
9865:
9861:
9853:, p. 227;
9849:
9845:
9837:
9833:
9825:
9818:
9810:
9797:
9789:
9782:
9774:
9770:
9762:
9758:
9750:
9746:
9738:
9734:
9726:
9722:
9714:
9710:
9705:
9701:
9692:
9688:
9678:
9676:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9653:
9651:
9638:
9634:
9626:
9622:
9612:
9610:
9599:
9595:
9587:
9583:
9574:
9570:
9561:
9557:
9549:
9545:
9537:
9533:
9525:
9521:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9491:
9487:
9479:
9472:
9461:
9457:
9449:
9445:
9437:
9430:
9422:
9418:
9410:
9406:
9398:
9394:
9386:
9382:
9374:
9370:
9361:
9357:
9344:
9343:
9336:
9328:
9324:
9316:
9312:
9304:
9300:
9292:
9288:
9280:
9276:
9268:
9264:
9256:
9252:
9244:
9240:
9230:
9228:
9219:
9218:
9214:
9206:
9197:
9189:
9180:
9172:
9165:
9153:
9149:
9141:
9137:
9129:
9125:
9117:
9113:
9105:
9101:
9093:
9080:
9072:
9068:
9060:
9049:
9041:
9037:
9029:
9022:
9014:
9010:
9002:
8991:
8981:
8979:
8970:
8969:
8965:
8955:
8953:
8944:
8943:
8939:
8929:
8927:
8918:
8917:
8913:
8908:
8904:
8894:
8892:
8883:
8882:
8878:
8870:
8866:
8858:
8849:
8841:
8837:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8802:
8798:
8788:
8786:
8771:
8767:
8757:
8755:
8740:
8736:
8728:
8724:
8718:Battle of Timor
8709:
8707:
8692:
8688:
8678:
8676:
8661:
8657:
8647:
8645:
8636:
8635:
8631:
8623:
8619:
8611:
8607:
8599:
8595:
8585:
8583:
8570:
8569:
8565:
8555:
8553:
8540:
8539:
8535:
8525:
8523:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8492:
8491:
8487:
8477:
8475:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8447:
8443:
8435:
8431:
8423:
8416:
8408:
8404:
8396:
8389:
8381:
8377:
8369:
8365:
8357:
8353:
8345:
8341:
8332:
8328:
8320:
8316:
8302:
8300:
8289:
8288:
8284:
8276:
8272:
8264:
8260:
8252:
8248:
8240:
8236:
8228:
8224:
8216:
8212:
8204:
8200:
8189:
8185:
8177:
8173:
8165:
8161:
8153:
8149:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8116:
8115:
8111:
8103:
8099:
8091:
8087:
8076:Philip J. Jaffe
8073:
8066:
8056:
8054:
8049:
8048:
8044:
8034:
8032:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8008:
8006:
7997:
7996:
7992:
7984:
7980:
7972:
7968:
7962:Clodfelter 2002
7960:
7956:
7948:
7944:
7936:
7932:
7924:
7920:
7912:
7908:
7886:
7882:
7874:
7870:
7858:
7854:
7848:Clodfelter 2002
7846:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7822:
7818:
7806:
7802:
7794:
7790:
7782:
7775:
7767:
7763:
7758:
7754:
7746:
7739:
7735:, pp. 527.
7733:Clodfelter 2017
7731:
7724:
7716:
7709:
7701:
7697:
7687:
7685:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7663:
7656:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7617:
7613:
7603:
7601:
7599:Avalanche Press
7593:
7592:
7588:
7578:
7576:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7554:
7552:
7542:
7540:
7531:
7530:
7523:
7521:
7512:
7511:
7507:
7502:
7498:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7462:
7458:
7446:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7419:Malaya Campaign
7416:
7412:
7402:
7397:
7388:
7381:
7364:
7355:
7346:
7342:
7322:
7318:
7310:
7306:
7298:
7294:
7286:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7262:
7258:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7212:
7205:
7197:
7193:
7184:
7180:
7172:
7168:
7160:
7156:
7148:
7144:
7136:
7129:
7121:
7112:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7084:
7080:
7071:
7067:
7053:
7049:
7044:
7040:
7025:
7023:
7011:
7009:
6997:
6995:
6983:
6981:
6969:
6967:
6955:
6953:
6941:
6939:
6927:
6925:
6913:
6911:
6899:
6897:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6860:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6823:
6819:
6810:
6806:
6797:
6793:
6784:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6766:
6762:
6758:Until July 1944
6757:
6753:
6749:Until July 1945
6748:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6722:
6718:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6689:Yasukuni Shrine
6684:War Plan Orange
6629:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6607:
6580:
6574:
6539:Manila massacre
6516:
6511:
6505:
6496:Manila massacre
6488:
6417:Solomon Islands
6207:Central Pacific
6024:
6003:
5954:
5868:
5848:, November 1943
5838:
5833:
5828:
5799:
5796:
5748:
5742:
5713:(11–25 August)
5675:
5629:
5615:
5595:Harry S. Truman
5557:atomic bombings
5533:
5521:Main articles:
5519:
5472:Leslie Morshead
5460:
5446:
5417:
5409:Main articles:
5407:
5293:
5287:
5227:Mount Suribachi
5210:
5204:
5118:
5101:
5096:
5086:
5051:Puerto Princesa
4987:General Krueger
4955:
4938:
4911:Jesse Oldendorf
4880:Shōji Nishimura
4840:
4834:
4789:proximity fuzes
4742:
4736:
4684:captured Tinian
4680:recaptured Guam
4673:Mount Tapotchau
4656:
4644:Main articles:
4634:
4566:Gilbert Islands
4554:
4542:prolonged siege
4498:Geoffry Scoones
4479:Arakan Province
4475:Indian XV Corps
4467:
4449:
4429:
4424:
4392:Mark 14 torpedo
4290:
4284:
4264:
4252:
4238:Chiang Kai-shek
4230:
4215:Cape Gloucester
4163:
4151:Main articles:
4149:
4120:
4089:Joseph Stilwell
4081:Fourteenth Army
4014:
4008:
4006:Burma 1942–1943
3999:Joseph Stilwell
3995:Chiang Kai-shek
3934:
3932:China 1942–1943
3917:
3807:Henderson Field
3764:
3718:Solomon Islands
3714:
3706:Main articles:
3704:
3678:. The crippled
3620:
3597:
3441:
3435:
3332:
3304:
3240:
3235:Prime Minister
3234:
3203:
3186:attacked Bataan
3161:
3143:
3121:. This cut the
3097:valley and the
3095:Irrawaddy River
2972:Prince of Wales
2925:
2905:
2881:
2869:Thai government
2841:the Philippines
2825:
2789:
2752:
2677:Battle of Zaoyi
2627:Soviet Far East
2562:their civil war
2534:
2524:Chiang Kai-shek
2516:
2511:
2461:South-East Asia
2457:Central Pacific
2449:
2328:
2163:
2150:
2142:Mukden Incident
2125:
2106:
2086:
2061:
2047:Pacific theater
2030:
2013:
1931:the Philippines
1907:Empire of Japan
1864:Pacific Theater
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1732:Other campaigns
1726:Southern France
1635:Burma and India
1630:South-East Asia
1625:Franco-Thai War
1480:
1474:
1472:
1442:
1437:
1423:China (1937–45)
1394:Tsingtao (1914)
1381:
1330:
1326:Empire of Japan
1325:
1322:
1320:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1189:Mariana Islands
1062:Solomon Islands
1031:Burma (1944–45)
1021:Burma (1942–43)
1016:Burma (1941–42)
1009:Burma and India
941:Franco-Thai War
888:Andaman Islands
815:Central Pacific
806:
801:
799:
765:
762:
754:Civilian deaths
750:
717:
714:
706:Civilian deaths
702:
662:
648:
634:
624:
614:
608:
598:
588:
578:
577:
569:
559:
549:
536:
526:
524:
514:
512:
500:
490:
488:
478:
476:
472:Chiang Kai-shek
466:
464:
438:
426:
424:
403:
392:
390:
379:
377:
365:
363:
271:
254:
253:
210:
197:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
126:
125:
116:
115:
114:
106:
105:
96:
95:
94:
86:
85:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19313:
19303:
19302:
19297:
19280:
19279:
19277:
19276:
19271:
19266:
19261:
19256:
19251:
19246:
19241:
19236:
19231:
19226:
19221:
19216:
19210:
19208:
19204:
19203:
19200:
19199:
19197:
19196:
19195:
19194:
19183:
19181:
19177:
19176:
19174:
19173:
19168:
19163:
19158:
19153:
19148:
19143:
19138:
19133:
19127:
19125:
19119:
19118:
19116:
19115:
19110:
19108:State of Burma
19105:
19100:
19095:
19090:
19085:
19079:
19077:
19073:
19072:
19070:
19069:
19064:
19059:
19054:
19049:
19036:
19034:
19027:
19023:
19022:
19019:
19018:
19016:
19015:
19010:
18996:
18991:
18986:
18981:
18976:
18971:
18966:
18961:
18956:
18951:
18946:
18941:
18936:
18931:
18929:Musha Incident
18926:
18921:
18919:Jinan incident
18916:
18910:
18908:
18902:
18901:
18899:
18898:
18893:
18888:
18883:
18878:
18873:
18868:
18863:
18858:
18853:
18852:
18851:
18840:
18838:
18832:
18831:
18829:
18828:
18823:
18818:
18813:
18808:
18803:
18798:
18793:
18788:
18783:
18778:
18776:Beipu uprising
18773:
18767:
18765:
18760:
18754:
18750:
18749:
18746:
18745:
18743:
18742:
18740:Treaty Faction
18737:
18732:
18727:
18722:
18717:
18711:
18709:
18704:
18701:
18700:
18698:
18697:
18692:
18687:
18682:
18677:
18672:
18670:Imperial Guard
18667:
18662:
18657:
18651:
18649:
18644:
18641:
18640:
18638:
18637:
18632:
18627:
18622:
18617:
18612:
18611:
18610:
18595:
18594:
18593:
18588:
18577:
18575:
18570:
18564:
18560:
18559:
18556:
18555:
18553:
18552:
18551:
18550:
18545:
18535:
18530:
18525:
18519:
18517:
18510:
18507:
18506:
18504:
18503:
18498:
18493:
18488:
18483:
18478:
18473:
18468:
18463:
18458:
18453:
18448:
18443:
18437:
18435:
18430:Administration
18428:
18422:
18418:
18417:
18415:
18414:
18409:
18404:
18399:
18394:
18389:
18384:
18379:
18374:
18369:
18364:
18359:
18354:
18349:
18344:
18339:
18334:
18329:
18323:
18321:
18317:
18316:
18314:
18313:
18308:
18307:
18306:
18301:
18296:
18291:
18281:
18276:
18270:
18268:
18264:
18263:
18261:
18260:
18252:
18244:
18235:
18233:
18229:
18228:
18221:
18219:
18217:
18216:
18211:
18206:
18201:
18196:
18195:
18194:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18149:
18144:
18139:
18134:
18128:
18126:
18122:
18121:
18114:
18113:
18106:
18099:
18091:
18082:
18081:
18079:
18078:
18073:
18068:
18062:
18059:
18058:
18055:
18054:
18042:
18030:
18018:
18016:Occupied Nauru
18006:
17994:
17982:
17970:
17958:
17956:
17944:
17932:
17920:
17908:
17896:
17884:
17872:
17859:
17847:
17845:State of Burma
17835:
17823:
17811:
17799:
17787:
17775:
17763:
17751:
17739:
17727:
17714:
17713:
17710:
17709:
17697:
17696:
17689:
17682:
17674:
17665:
17664:
17662:
17661:
17654:
17647:
17630:
17627:
17626:
17623:
17622:
17620:
17619:
17618:
17617:
17610:
17603:
17589:
17588:
17587:
17573:
17570:South Sakhalin
17566:
17565:
17564:
17550:
17543:
17536:
17529:
17522:
17521:
17520:
17506:
17499:
17492:
17485:
17478:
17471:
17464:
17457:
17450:
17443:
17436:
17429:
17422:
17415:
17407:
17405:
17399:
17398:
17396:
17395:
17388:
17387:
17386:
17370:
17363:
17362:
17361:
17347:
17340:
17333:
17326:
17319:
17310:
17301:
17294:
17285:
17278:
17271:
17264:
17255:
17248:
17241:
17234:
17227:
17220:
17213:
17204:
17197:
17188:
17179:
17170:
17163:
17156:
17145:
17135:
17133:
17127:
17126:
17124:
17123:
17116:
17115:
17114:
17107:
17093:
17086:
17079:
17072:
17065:
17064:
17063:
17049:
17042:
17033:
17026:
17019:
17012:
17005:
16998:
16995:Battle of Attu
16991:
16984:
16976:
16974:
16968:
16967:
16965:
16964:
16957:
16948:
16941:
16934:
16925:
16918:
16911:
16904:
16895:
16894:
16893:
16886:
16872:
16865:
16858:
16851:
16844:
16837:
16830:
16823:
16816:
16809:
16801:
16799:
16793:
16792:
16790:
16789:
16782:
16775:
16768:
16761:
16754:
16747:
16744:Battle of Guam
16740:
16733:
16726:
16719:
16712:
16705:
16698:
16691:
16684:
16677:
16670:
16667:Battle of Kiev
16663:
16656:
16642:
16641:
16640:
16626:
16619:
16612:
16605:
16598:
16597:
16596:
16582:
16575:
16568:
16560:
16558:
16552:
16551:
16549:
16548:
16539:
16532:
16525:
16518:
16511:
16504:
16497:
16490:
16483:
16476:
16469:
16462:
16455:
16448:
16441:
16434:
16427:
16420:
16412:
16410:
16404:
16403:
16401:
16400:
16393:
16386:
16379:
16372:
16365:
16358:
16350:
16348:
16342:
16341:
16339:
16338:
16337:
16336:
16329:
16322:
16315:
16308:
16294:
16293:
16292:
16285:
16271:
16270:
16269:
16254:
16252:
16243:
16237:
16236:
16233:
16232:
16230:
16229:
16222:
16215:
16214:
16213:
16206:
16194:
16193:
16192:
16178:
16171:
16170:
16169:
16166:United Kingdom
16162:
16155:
16154:
16153:
16134:
16126:
16124:
16118:
16117:
16115:
16114:
16107:
16106:
16105:
16098:
16086:
16079:
16072:
16065:
16058:
16051:
16044:
16037:
16030:
16023:
16016:
16009:
16002:
15995:
15988:
15987:
15986:
15979:
15965:
15958:
15951:
15944:
15937:
15930:
15923:
15916:
15909:
15902:
15895:
15888:
15881:
15874:
15867:
15860:
15852:
15850:
15844:
15843:
15841:
15840:
15833:
15826:
15819:
15812:
15805:
15798:
15791:
15784:
15777:
15770:
15762:
15760:
15754:
15753:
15751:
15750:
15743:
15736:
15729:
15721:
15714:
15707:
15700:
15699:
15698:
15683:
15676:
15669:
15662:
15655:
15648:
15640:
15633:
15626:
15618:
15610:
15608:
15602:
15601:
15599:
15598:
15591:
15590:
15589:
15575:
15574:
15573:
15570:British Empire
15563:United Kingdom
15559:
15552:
15545:
15538:
15531:
15524:
15512:
15505:
15498:
15491:
15484:
15477:
15470:
15463:
15456:
15444:
15437:
15430:
15423:
15416:
15404:
15396:
15389:
15382:
15379:Czechoslovakia
15375:
15368:
15361:
15354:
15342:
15335:
15328:
15321:
15313:
15311:
15302:
15296:
15295:
15292:
15291:
15289:
15288:
15287:
15286:
15279:
15276:Rape of Manila
15272:
15265:
15258:
15247:
15232:
15225:
15213:
15206:
15205:
15204:
15197:
15183:
15182:
15181:
15174:
15167:
15153:
15146:
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15137:
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15135:
15128:
15114:
15107:
15093:
15092:
15091:
15084:
15077:
15062:
15060:
15054:
15053:
15051:
15050:
15047:United Nations
15043:
15036:
15029:
15028:
15027:
15020:
15013:
15006:
14992:
14983:
14974:
14967:
14960:
14953:
14944:
14937:
14930:
14923:
14916:
14909:
14906:Decolonization
14902:
14895:
14887:
14885:
14879:
14878:
14876:
14875:
14868:
14867:
14866:
14852:
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14755:
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14707:
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14693:
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14670:
14656:
14649:
14642:
14635:
14628:
14621:
14614:
14613:
14612:
14598:
14591:
14590:
14589:
14582:
14579:United Kingdom
14575:
14561:
14554:
14547:
14540:
14533:
14526:
14519:
14518:
14517:
14502:
14500:
14491:
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14476:
14469:
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14460:
14453:
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14440:
14439:
14425:
14417:
14414:
14413:
14406:
14405:
14398:
14391:
14383:
14377:
14376:
14365:
14360:
14354:
14342:
14330:
14322:
14321:External links
14319:
14317:
14316:
14310:
14297:
14282:
14280:978-0393080650
14266:
14264:978-0393080643
14250:
14248:978-0393080650
14232:
14219:
14212:
14205:
14199:
14186:
14179:
14172:
14165:
14158:
14152:
14139:
14133:
14120:
14115:Potter, E. B.
14113:
14108:Potter, E. B.
14106:
14099:
14092:
14085:
14074:
14062:
14056:
14043:
14024:
14004:
13998:
13981:
13974:
13967:
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13953:
13946:
13939:
13932:
13926:
13910:
13904:
13888:
13877:
13871:
13858:
13852:
13835:
13817:(1): 137–182.
13806:
13800:
13787:
13774:
13768:
13755:
13748:
13742:
13729:
13718:
13709:
13700:
13694:
13676:
13671:Main article:
13668:
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13222:
13209:
13203:
13190:
13184:
13171:
13165:
13142:
13133:
13122:
13116:
13103:
13093:. The Atlantic
13086:
13080:
13064:
13058:
13043:
13034:
13028:
13015:
13009:
12996:
12990:
12977:
12947:
12941:
12926:
12924:. Bodley Head.
12917:
12911:
12898:
12889:
12883:
12870:
12864:
12851:
12832:
12826:
12811:
12805:
12793:Lin, Hsiao-tin
12789:
12783:
12770:
12764:
12746:
12737:
12731:
12718:
12701:
12695:
12678:
12672:
12659:
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12626:
12620:
12607:
12601:
12588:
12582:
12569:
12563:
12550:
12544:
12529:
12523:
12510:
12504:
12484:
12475:
12457:(2): 312–336.
12446:
12440:
12427:
12421:
12405:
12399:
12384:
12378:
12361:
12352:
12346:
12329:
12323:
12310:
12304:
12291:
12285:
12272:
12266:
12253:
12247:
12234:
12218:Soviet Studies
12213:
12207:
12194:
12188:
12175:
12169:
12156:
12147:
12138:
12132:
12119:
12113:
12100:
12094:
12077:
12071:
12058:
12045:
12039:
12033:. p. 41.
12022:
12016:
12003:
11980:
11974:
11961:
11955:
11942:
11938:Silent Victory
11933:
11927:
11906:
11900:
11887:
11881:
11868:
11859:
11841:(4): 477–512.
11830:
11824:
11811:
11805:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11783:
11771:
11759:
11747:
11735:
11723:
11711:
11700:on 28 May 2014
11681:
11669:
11652:
11625:
11613:
11601:
11571:
11556:. Hawaii.edu.
11550:"Rummel, R.J.
11541:
11529:
11520:
11490:
11478:
11466:
11457:
11438:
11429:
11403:
11391:
11379:
11370:
11326:
11305:
11284:
11258:
11245:
11233:
11198:
11172:
11157:
11155:, p. 317.
11145:
11143:, p. 240.
11133:
11131:, p. 743.
11121:
11109:
11097:
11085:
11059:
11057:, p. 348.
11047:
11035:
11023:
11021:, p. 956.
11008:
10986:
10960:
10949:German U-boats
10930:
10921:, p. 300.
10911:
10898:
10891:
10873:
10847:
10812:
10800:
10788:
10786:, p. 806.
10776:
10764:
10732:
10730:, p. 228.
10713:
10701:
10680:
10653:
10621:
10595:
10580:
10568:
10556:
10544:
10523:
10508:
10506:, p. 248.
10493:
10491:, p. 170.
10477:
10465:
10463:, p. 412.
10446:
10444:, p. 445.
10434:
10430:Alexander 1996
10422:
10420:, p. 226.
10410:
10408:, p. 379.
10398:
10396:, p. 189.
10386:
10384:, p. 184.
10374:
10372:, p. 367.
10362:
10360:, p. 366.
10350:
10334:
10332:, p. 365.
10322:
10299:
10297:, p. 420.
10284:
10282:, p. 268.
10272:
10270:, p. 410.
10257:
10255:, p. 265.
10238:
10236:, p. 263.
10226:
10224:, p. 291.
10210:
10208:, p. 291.
10195:
10187:
10155:
10143:
10141:, p. 457.
10131:
10129:, p. 457.
10119:
10096:
10081:
10050:
10035:
10033:, p. 255.
10029:, p. 50;
10019:
10002:
9983:
9977:, p. 76;
9967:
9951:
9949:, p. 212.
9939:
9913:
9887:
9885:, p. 230.
9875:
9873:, p. 318.
9859:
9857:, p. 301.
9843:
9841:, p. 227.
9831:
9816:
9795:
9780:
9768:
9756:
9754:, p. 122.
9744:
9732:
9720:
9718:, p. 163.
9708:
9699:
9693:Davison, John
9686:
9660:
9632:
9630:, p. 877.
9620:
9593:
9581:
9568:
9555:
9553:, p. 512.
9543:
9531:
9519:
9497:
9485:
9470:
9455:
9443:
9428:
9416:
9414:, p. 491.
9404:
9402:, p. 180.
9392:
9380:
9368:
9355:
9334:
9332:, p. 171.
9322:
9310:
9308:, p. 138.
9298:
9286:
9284:, p. 158.
9274:
9272:, p. 490.
9262:
9260:, p. 109.
9250:
9238:
9212:
9195:
9178:
9163:
9157:, p. 35;
9147:
9135:
9123:
9111:
9109:, p. 489.
9099:
9078:
9066:
9047:
9035:
9033:, p. 118.
9020:
9018:, p. 648.
9008:
8989:
8963:
8937:
8911:
8902:
8876:
8874:, p. 213.
8864:
8862:, p. 149.
8847:
8845:, p. 377.
8835:
8833:, p. 172.
8823:
8796:
8765:
8734:
8722:
8686:
8655:
8640:. Awm.gov.au.
8629:
8617:
8605:
8603:, p. 407.
8593:
8563:
8533:
8503:
8485:
8453:
8441:
8439:, p. 113.
8429:
8427:, p. 488.
8414:
8412:, p. 175.
8402:
8387:
8375:
8363:
8351:
8339:
8326:
8314:
8282:
8270:
8258:
8256:, p. 320.
8246:
8244:, p. 636.
8234:
8232:, p. 120.
8222:
8210:
8198:
8183:
8179:MacKinnon 2008
8171:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8109:
8107:, p. 945.
8097:
8085:
8064:
8042:
8016:
7990:
7988:, p. 626.
7978:
7976:, p. 516.
7966:
7964:, p. 585.
7954:
7942:
7930:
7918:
7916:, p. 143.
7906:
7880:
7868:
7852:
7850:, p. 556.
7840:
7836:Murashima 2006
7828:
7816:
7800:
7788:
7786:, p. 299.
7773:
7771:, p. 297.
7761:
7752:
7737:
7722:
7707:
7705:, p. 203.
7695:
7669:
7654:
7633:
7611:
7586:
7564:
7505:
7496:
7481:
7474:
7456:
7440:
7431:
7423:Burma Campaign
7410:
7401:, p. 365.
7386:
7380:978-0813327181
7379:
7371:Hidden Horrors
7353:
7340:
7316:
7304:
7302:, p. 309.
7292:
7280:
7276:Harrison p. 29
7268:
7266:, p. 403.
7256:
7244:
7218:
7203:
7191:
7178:
7166:
7164:, p. 836.
7154:
7152:, p. 205.
7142:
7127:
7125:, p. 157.
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7078:
7065:
7047:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7021:
7007:
6993:
6979:
6965:
6951:
6937:
6923:
6920:British Empire
6909:
6895:
6873:
6864:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6840:
6817:
6804:
6791:
6778:
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6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6618:
6615:
6606:
6603:
6588:Jonathan Rauch
6576:Main article:
6573:
6570:
6515:
6512:
6501:Main article:
6487:
6484:
6442:
6441:
6438:
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6102:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6032:suicide charge
6023:
6020:
6002:
5999:
5966:Burma Campaign
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5937:
5934:Yasuji Okamura
5922:
5894:Rudolph Rummel
5891:
5887:
5883:
5867:
5864:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5794:
5774:Kantarō Suzuki
5744:Main article:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5733:(18–23 August)
5722:
5721:
5720:
5719:(19–22 August)
5674:
5671:
5641:nuclear attack
5625:Main article:
5614:
5611:
5523:Japan campaign
5518:
5515:
5480:Thomas Kinkaid
5478:under Admiral
5456:Main article:
5445:
5442:
5406:
5403:
5289:Main article:
5286:
5283:
5206:Main article:
5203:
5200:
5153:Heitarō Kimura
5134:Cheduba Island
5114:Main article:
5100:
5097:
5085:
5082:
5043:Palawan Island
5003:urban fighting
4951:Main article:
4937:
4934:
4892:Surigao Strait
4884:Kiyohide Shima
4836:Main article:
4833:
4830:
4768:under Admiral
4766:US Fifth Fleet
4762:Jisaburō Ozawa
4738:Main article:
4735:
4734:Philippine Sea
4732:
4633:
4630:
4553:
4550:
4494:Operation U-Go
4463:Main article:
4448:
4445:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4335:, in June 1942
4323:The torpedoed
4286:Main article:
4283:
4280:
4263:
4260:
4248:Main article:
4229:
4226:
4222:island-hopping
4148:
4145:
4119:
4116:
4010:Main article:
4007:
4004:
3993:Generalissimo
3980:Isamu Yokoyama
3938:mainland China
3933:
3930:
3916:
3913:
3860:. The loss of
3792:Gunichi Mikawa
3763:
3760:
3756:Buna–Gona area
3703:
3700:
3645:Chuichi Nagumo
3616:Main article:
3596:
3593:
3485:Frank Fletcher
3437:Main article:
3434:
3431:
3395:Doolittle Raid
3331:
3328:
3303:
3300:
3286:in Australia.
3232:
3202:
3199:
3157:Main article:
3142:
3139:
2982:Following the
2924:
2921:
2901:Main article:
2880:
2877:
2829:Western powers
2824:
2821:
2788:
2785:
2751:
2748:
2742:non-combatants
2530:Main article:
2522:Generalissimo
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2448:
2445:
2409:), as well as
2399:British Borneo
2395:British Malaya
2327:
2324:
2316:and later the
2294:South Sakhalin
2286:Inner Mongolia
2171:British Empire
2162:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2116:Taiheiyō Sensō
2073:Dai Tō-A Sensō
2029:
2026:
2012:
2009:
1974:island hopping
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Baltic Nations
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1745:
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1706:
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1521:
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1471:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Ganghwa (1875)
1346:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1216:South Sakhalin
1213:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1158:
1157:
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1150:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1004:
999:
992:
985:
978:
973:
971:Malacca Strait
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
932:
931:
929:Southeast Asia
925:
924:
919:
914:
913:
912:
902:
897:
896:
895:
885:
879:
878:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
839:Doolittle Raid
836:
829:
824:
818:
817:
811:
808:
807:
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
767:
766:
764:
763:
761:
760:
756:
751:
749:
748:
745:
742:
741:131 submarines
739:
738:135 destroyers
736:
733:
732:11 battleships
730:
726:
720:
718:
716:
715:
713:
712:
708:
703:
701:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
661:
660:
632:
622:
611:
609:
607:
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586:
567:
557:
546:
543:
542:
538:
537:
535:
534:
522:
509:
501:
499:
498:
486:
474:
461:
458:Allied leaders
452:
451:
447:
446:
437:
436:
420:
411:
402:
401:
399:United Kingdom
388:
375:
359:
349:
348:
344:
343:
340:
339:
338:
337:
327:South Sakhalin
323:
317:United Nations
309:
297:Liberation of
295:
273:
267:
266:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
234:Southeast Asia
231:
226:
220:
219:
217:
213:
212:
207:
199:
198:
196:
195:
188:
181:
178:Burma campaign
174:
161:
154:naval aircraft
150:
142:
128:
127:
119:
118:
117:
108:
107:
99:
98:
97:
88:
87:
79:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
64:
63:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19312:
19301:
19298:
19296:
19293:
19292:
19290:
19275:
19272:
19270:
19267:
19265:
19262:
19260:
19257:
19255:
19252:
19250:
19247:
19245:
19242:
19240:
19237:
19235:
19232:
19230:
19227:
19225:
19222:
19220:
19219:Fukoku kyōhei
19217:
19215:
19212:
19211:
19209:
19205:
19193:
19190:
19189:
19188:
19185:
19184:
19182:
19178:
19172:
19169:
19167:
19164:
19162:
19159:
19157:
19154:
19152:
19149:
19147:
19144:
19142:
19139:
19137:
19134:
19132:
19129:
19128:
19126:
19124:
19120:
19114:
19111:
19109:
19106:
19104:
19101:
19099:
19096:
19094:
19091:
19089:
19086:
19084:
19081:
19080:
19078:
19076:Puppet states
19074:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19053:
19050:
19047:
19046:
19041:
19038:
19037:
19035:
19031:
19028:
19024:
19014:
19011:
19008:
19004:
19000:
18997:
18995:
18992:
18990:
18987:
18985:
18982:
18980:
18977:
18975:
18972:
18970:
18967:
18965:
18962:
18960:
18957:
18955:
18952:
18950:
18947:
18945:
18942:
18940:
18937:
18935:
18932:
18930:
18927:
18925:
18922:
18920:
18917:
18915:
18912:
18911:
18909:
18907:
18903:
18897:
18894:
18892:
18889:
18887:
18884:
18882:
18879:
18877:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18867:
18864:
18862:
18859:
18857:
18854:
18850:
18847:
18846:
18845:
18842:
18841:
18839:
18837:
18833:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18802:
18799:
18797:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18768:
18766:
18763:
18758:
18755:
18751:
18741:
18738:
18736:
18735:Fleet Faction
18733:
18731:
18728:
18726:
18723:
18721:
18718:
18716:
18715:General Staff
18713:
18712:
18710:
18707:
18702:
18696:
18693:
18691:
18688:
18686:
18683:
18681:
18678:
18676:
18673:
18671:
18668:
18666:
18663:
18661:
18658:
18656:
18655:General Staff
18653:
18652:
18650:
18647:
18642:
18636:
18633:
18631:
18628:
18626:
18623:
18621:
18618:
18616:
18613:
18609:
18608:military code
18607:
18603:
18602:
18601:
18600:
18596:
18592:
18589:
18587:
18584:
18583:
18582:
18579:
18578:
18576:
18573:
18568:
18565:
18561:
18549:
18546:
18544:
18541:
18540:
18539:
18538:Imperial Diet
18536:
18534:
18531:
18529:
18528:Privy Council
18526:
18524:
18521:
18520:
18518:
18515:
18508:
18502:
18499:
18497:
18494:
18492:
18489:
18487:
18484:
18482:
18479:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18459:
18457:
18454:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18446:Home Ministry
18444:
18442:
18439:
18438:
18436:
18433:
18426:
18423:
18419:
18413:
18410:
18408:
18405:
18403:
18400:
18398:
18395:
18393:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18380:
18378:
18375:
18373:
18370:
18368:
18365:
18363:
18360:
18358:
18355:
18353:
18350:
18348:
18345:
18343:
18340:
18338:
18335:
18333:
18330:
18328:
18325:
18324:
18322:
18318:
18312:
18309:
18305:
18302:
18300:
18297:
18295:
18292:
18290:
18289:Imperial Seal
18287:
18286:
18285:
18282:
18280:
18277:
18275:
18274:Flag of Japan
18272:
18271:
18269:
18265:
18259:
18253:
18251:
18245:
18243:
18237:
18236:
18234:
18230:
18215:
18212:
18210:
18207:
18205:
18202:
18200:
18197:
18193:
18190:
18189:
18188:
18185:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18175:
18173:
18170:
18168:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18155:
18153:
18150:
18148:
18145:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18135:
18133:
18130:
18129:
18127:
18123:
18119:
18112:
18107:
18105:
18100:
18098:
18093:
18092:
18089:
18077:
18074:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18063:
18060:
18053:
18043:
18041:
18031:
18029:
18019:
18017:
18007:
18005:
18004:Occupied Guam
17995:
17993:
17983:
17981:
17971:
17968:
17957:
17955:
17945:
17943:
17933:
17931:
17921:
17919:
17909:
17907:
17897:
17895:
17885:
17883:
17873:
17871:
17860:
17858:
17848:
17846:
17836:
17834:
17824:
17822:
17812:
17810:
17800:
17798:
17788:
17786:
17776:
17774:
17764:
17762:
17752:
17750:
17740:
17738:
17728:
17726:
17716:
17715:
17711:
17707:
17703:
17695:
17690:
17688:
17683:
17681:
17676:
17675:
17672:
17659:
17655:
17652:
17648:
17645:
17644:
17639:
17632:
17631:
17628:
17615:
17611:
17608:
17604:
17601:
17597:
17596:
17594:
17590:
17585:
17581:
17580:
17578:
17577:Kuril Islands
17574:
17571:
17567:
17562:
17558:
17557:
17555:
17551:
17548:
17544:
17541:
17537:
17534:
17530:
17527:
17523:
17518:
17514:
17513:
17511:
17507:
17504:
17500:
17497:
17493:
17490:
17486:
17483:
17479:
17476:
17472:
17469:
17465:
17462:
17458:
17455:
17451:
17448:
17444:
17441:
17437:
17434:
17430:
17427:
17423:
17420:
17416:
17413:
17409:
17408:
17406:
17404:
17400:
17393:
17389:
17384:
17383:
17378:
17377:
17375:
17371:
17368:
17364:
17359:
17355:
17354:
17352:
17348:
17345:
17344:Syrmian Front
17341:
17338:
17334:
17331:
17327:
17324:
17320:
17317:
17316:
17311:
17308:
17307:
17302:
17299:
17295:
17292:
17291:
17290:Market Garden
17286:
17283:
17279:
17276:
17272:
17269:
17265:
17262:
17261:
17256:
17253:
17249:
17246:
17242:
17239:
17235:
17232:
17228:
17225:
17221:
17218:
17214:
17211:
17210:
17205:
17202:
17198:
17195:
17194:
17189:
17186:
17185:
17180:
17177:
17176:
17171:
17168:
17164:
17161:
17157:
17154:
17150:
17149:Monte Cassino
17146:
17143:
17142:
17137:
17136:
17134:
17132:
17128:
17121:
17117:
17112:
17108:
17105:
17101:
17100:
17098:
17094:
17091:
17087:
17084:
17080:
17077:
17073:
17070:
17066:
17061:
17057:
17056:
17054:
17050:
17047:
17043:
17040:
17039:
17034:
17031:
17027:
17024:
17020:
17017:
17013:
17010:
17006:
17003:
16999:
16996:
16992:
16989:
16985:
16982:
16978:
16977:
16975:
16973:
16969:
16962:
16958:
16955:
16954:
16949:
16946:
16942:
16939:
16935:
16932:
16931:
16926:
16923:
16919:
16916:
16912:
16909:
16905:
16902:
16901:
16896:
16891:
16887:
16884:
16880:
16879:
16877:
16873:
16870:
16866:
16863:
16859:
16856:
16852:
16849:
16845:
16842:
16838:
16835:
16831:
16828:
16824:
16821:
16817:
16814:
16810:
16807:
16803:
16802:
16800:
16798:
16794:
16787:
16783:
16780:
16776:
16773:
16769:
16766:
16762:
16759:
16755:
16752:
16748:
16745:
16741:
16738:
16734:
16731:
16727:
16724:
16720:
16717:
16713:
16710:
16706:
16703:
16699:
16696:
16692:
16689:
16685:
16682:
16678:
16675:
16671:
16668:
16664:
16661:
16657:
16653:
16652:
16647:
16643:
16638:
16634:
16633:
16631:
16627:
16624:
16620:
16617:
16613:
16610:
16606:
16603:
16599:
16594:
16590:
16589:
16587:
16583:
16580:
16576:
16573:
16569:
16566:
16562:
16561:
16559:
16557:
16553:
16546:
16545:
16540:
16537:
16533:
16530:
16526:
16523:
16519:
16516:
16515:Baltic states
16512:
16509:
16505:
16502:
16498:
16495:
16491:
16488:
16484:
16481:
16477:
16474:
16470:
16467:
16463:
16460:
16456:
16453:
16449:
16446:
16442:
16439:
16435:
16432:
16428:
16425:
16421:
16418:
16414:
16413:
16411:
16409:
16405:
16398:
16394:
16391:
16387:
16384:
16380:
16377:
16373:
16370:
16366:
16363:
16359:
16356:
16352:
16351:
16349:
16347:
16343:
16334:
16330:
16327:
16323:
16320:
16316:
16313:
16309:
16306:
16302:
16301:
16299:
16295:
16290:
16286:
16283:
16279:
16278:
16276:
16272:
16267:
16263:
16262:
16260:
16256:
16255:
16253:
16251:
16247:
16244:
16242:
16238:
16227:
16223:
16220:
16216:
16211:
16207:
16204:
16200:
16199:
16195:
16190:
16186:
16185:
16183:
16179:
16176:
16172:
16167:
16163:
16160:
16159:United States
16156:
16151:
16147:
16146:
16144:
16140:
16139:
16135:
16132:
16128:
16127:
16125:
16123:
16119:
16112:
16108:
16103:
16099:
16096:
16095:Quốc dân Đảng
16092:
16091:
16087:
16084:
16080:
16077:
16073:
16070:
16066:
16063:
16059:
16056:
16052:
16049:
16045:
16042:
16038:
16035:
16031:
16028:
16024:
16021:
16017:
16014:
16010:
16007:
16003:
16000:
15996:
15993:
15989:
15984:
15980:
15977:
15973:
15972:
15970:
15966:
15963:
15959:
15956:
15952:
15949:
15945:
15942:
15938:
15935:
15931:
15928:
15924:
15921:
15917:
15914:
15910:
15907:
15903:
15900:
15896:
15893:
15889:
15886:
15882:
15879:
15875:
15872:
15868:
15865:
15861:
15858:
15854:
15853:
15851:
15849:
15845:
15838:
15834:
15831:
15827:
15824:
15820:
15817:
15813:
15810:
15806:
15803:
15799:
15796:
15795:Liechtenstein
15792:
15789:
15785:
15782:
15778:
15775:
15771:
15768:
15764:
15763:
15761:
15759:
15755:
15748:
15744:
15741:
15737:
15734:
15730:
15726:
15722:
15719:
15715:
15712:
15708:
15705:
15701:
15696:
15692:
15691:
15688:
15684:
15681:
15677:
15674:
15670:
15667:
15663:
15660:
15656:
15653:
15649:
15645:
15641:
15638:
15634:
15631:
15627:
15623:
15619:
15616:
15612:
15611:
15609:
15607:
15603:
15596:
15592:
15587:
15583:
15582:
15580:
15579:United States
15576:
15571:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15560:
15557:
15553:
15550:
15546:
15543:
15539:
15536:
15532:
15529:
15525:
15521:
15517:
15513:
15510:
15506:
15503:
15499:
15496:
15492:
15489:
15485:
15482:
15478:
15475:
15471:
15468:
15464:
15461:
15457:
15453:
15449:
15445:
15442:
15438:
15435:
15431:
15428:
15424:
15421:
15417:
15413:
15409:
15405:
15401:
15397:
15394:
15390:
15387:
15383:
15380:
15376:
15373:
15369:
15366:
15362:
15359:
15355:
15351:
15347:
15343:
15340:
15336:
15333:
15329:
15326:
15322:
15319:
15315:
15314:
15312:
15310:
15306:
15303:
15301:
15297:
15284:
15280:
15277:
15273:
15270:
15269:Comfort women
15266:
15263:
15259:
15256:
15253: /
15252:
15248:
15245:
15242: /
15241:
15238: /
15237:
15233:
15230:
15229:Camp brothels
15226:
15223:
15219:
15218:
15214:
15211:
15207:
15202:
15198:
15195:
15191:
15190:
15188:
15184:
15179:
15175:
15172:
15168:
15165:
15161:
15160:
15158:
15154:
15151:
15147:
15142:
15138:
15133:
15129:
15126:
15122:
15121:
15119:
15118:The Holocaust
15115:
15112:
15108:
15105:
15104:forced labour
15101:
15100:
15098:
15094:
15089:
15085:
15082:
15078:
15075:
15071:
15070:
15068:
15064:
15063:
15061:
15059:
15055:
15048:
15044:
15041:
15037:
15034:
15030:
15025:
15021:
15018:
15014:
15011:
15007:
15004:
15000:
14999:
14997:
14993:
14990:
14989:
14984:
14981:
14980:
14975:
14972:
14968:
14965:
14961:
14958:
14957:Marshall Plan
14954:
14951:
14950:
14945:
14942:
14938:
14935:
14931:
14928:
14924:
14921:
14917:
14914:
14910:
14907:
14903:
14900:
14896:
14893:
14889:
14888:
14886:
14884:
14880:
14873:
14869:
14864:
14860:
14859:
14857:
14853:
14850:
14846:
14841:
14837:
14834:
14830:
14827:
14823:
14822:
14820:
14816:
14811:
14810:Eastern Front
14807:
14804:
14803:Western Front
14800:
14799:
14797:
14793:
14788:
14784:
14781:
14777:
14774:
14770:
14767:
14763:
14760:
14756:
14753:
14749:
14748:
14746:
14742:
14741:
14739:
14737:
14733:
14726:
14722:
14719:
14715:
14712:
14708:
14705:
14701:
14698:
14697:Puppet states
14694:
14691:
14687:
14684:
14680:
14675:
14671:
14668:
14664:
14663:
14661:
14657:
14654:
14650:
14647:
14643:
14640:
14639:Naval history
14636:
14633:
14629:
14626:
14622:
14619:
14615:
14610:
14606:
14605:
14603:
14599:
14596:
14592:
14587:
14586:United States
14583:
14580:
14576:
14573:
14569:
14568:
14566:
14562:
14559:
14555:
14552:
14548:
14545:
14541:
14538:
14534:
14531:
14527:
14524:
14520:
14515:
14511:
14510:
14508:
14504:
14503:
14501:
14499:
14495:
14492:
14488:
14481:
14477:
14474:
14470:
14465:
14461:
14458:
14454:
14451:
14447:
14446:
14442:
14437:
14433:
14432:
14430:
14426:
14423:
14419:
14418:
14415:
14411:
14404:
14399:
14397:
14392:
14390:
14385:
14384:
14381:
14375:
14371:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14349:
14346:
14343:
14341:
14337:
14334:
14331:
14328:
14325:
14324:
14313:
14307:
14303:
14298:
14295:
14294:0-521-44317-2
14291:
14287:
14283:
14281:
14277:
14273:
14272:
14268:Toll, Ian W.
14267:
14265:
14261:
14257:
14256:
14252:Toll, Ian W.
14251:
14249:
14245:
14241:
14240:
14236:
14233:
14230:
14228:
14223:
14222:Sledge, E. B.
14220:
14217:
14213:
14210:
14206:
14202:
14196:
14192:
14187:
14184:
14180:
14177:
14173:
14170:
14166:
14163:
14159:
14155:
14149:
14145:
14140:
14136:
14130:
14126:
14121:
14118:
14114:
14111:
14107:
14104:
14101:Potter, E. B.
14100:
14097:
14093:
14090:
14086:
14083:
14082:online review
14079:
14075:
14072:
14071:
14066:
14063:
14059:
14053:
14049:
14044:
14040:
14036:
14032:
14031:
14025:
14022:
14018:
14014:
14011:
14010:
14005:
14001:
13999:1-59114-472-8
13995:
13991:
13987:
13982:
13979:
13975:
13972:
13968:
13965:
13961:
13958:
13954:
13951:
13947:
13944:
13940:
13937:
13933:
13929:
13923:
13919:
13915:
13911:
13907:
13901:
13897:
13893:
13889:
13886:
13882:
13878:
13874:
13868:
13864:
13859:
13855:
13853:0-679-75303-6
13849:
13845:
13841:
13836:
13832:
13828:
13824:
13820:
13816:
13812:
13807:
13803:
13797:
13793:
13788:
13784:
13780:
13775:
13771:
13769:0-786-41451-0
13765:
13761:
13756:
13753:
13749:
13745:
13743:1-55750-243-9
13739:
13735:
13730:
13727:
13723:
13719:
13715:
13710:
13706:
13701:
13697:
13695:0-8133-3869-7
13691:
13686:
13685:
13678:
13677:
13674:
13660:
13656:
13652:
13651:
13650:
13649:
13648:
13639:
13633:
13629:
13628:
13622:
13611:
13605:
13601:
13600:
13594:
13590:
13585:
13581:
13579:1-59114-994-0
13575:
13570:
13569:
13562:
13558:
13556:1-461-64607-3
13552:
13548:
13543:
13539:
13537:0-253-34528-6
13533:
13529:
13524:
13520:
13518:0-87021-092-0
13514:
13510:
13509:
13503:
13499:
13493:
13489:
13484:
13480:
13478:0-8129-6858-1
13474:
13470:
13465:
13461:
13455:
13452:. Routledge.
13451:
13446:
13442:
13436:
13432:
13427:
13423:
13421:0-82641-521-0
13417:
13413:
13408:
13404:
13398:
13394:
13393:
13387:
13383:
13377:
13373:
13368:
13364:
13360:
13356:
13352:
13348:
13344:
13343:Asian Affairs
13339:
13336:
13332:
13329:
13326:
13322:
13318:
13312:
13308:
13303:
13299:
13297:0-552-08757-2
13293:
13289:
13285:
13284:Slim, William
13281:
13277:
13271:
13267:
13262:
13258:
13253:
13242:
13238:
13234:
13229:
13225:
13219:
13215:
13210:
13206:
13204:0-8153-1883-9
13200:
13197:. Routledge.
13196:
13191:
13187:
13185:0-945274-35-1
13181:
13177:
13172:
13168:
13162:
13158:
13154:
13151:. Routledge.
13150:
13149:
13143:
13139:
13134:
13130:
13129:
13123:
13119:
13113:
13109:
13104:
13092:
13087:
13083:
13077:
13073:
13069:
13065:
13061:
13059:1-57488-923-0
13055:
13051:
13050:
13044:
13040:
13035:
13031:
13025:
13021:
13016:
13012:
13006:
13002:
12997:
12993:
12987:
12983:
12978:
12974:
12970:
12966:
12962:
12958:
12954:
12948:
12944:
12938:
12934:
12933:
12927:
12923:
12918:
12914:
12912:0-19-558376-0
12908:
12904:
12899:
12895:
12890:
12886:
12880:
12876:
12871:
12867:
12861:
12857:
12852:
12848:
12844:
12840:
12839:
12833:
12829:
12823:
12819:
12818:
12812:
12808:
12802:
12798:
12794:
12790:
12786:
12784:1-874622-21-3
12780:
12776:
12771:
12767:
12765:0-674-00334-9
12761:
12757:
12756:
12751:
12747:
12743:
12738:
12734:
12728:
12724:
12719:
12715:
12711:
12707:
12702:
12698:
12692:
12688:
12684:
12679:
12675:
12669:
12665:
12660:
12656:
12652:
12648:
12644:
12638:
12634:
12633:
12627:
12623:
12617:
12613:
12608:
12604:
12598:
12594:
12589:
12585:
12579:
12575:
12570:
12566:
12560:
12556:
12551:
12547:
12541:
12537:
12536:
12530:
12526:
12524:0-521-64483-6
12520:
12516:
12511:
12507:
12501:
12497:
12493:
12489:
12485:
12481:
12476:
12472:
12468:
12464:
12460:
12456:
12452:
12447:
12443:
12437:
12433:
12428:
12424:
12418:
12414:
12410:
12406:
12402:
12400:0-674-11673-9
12396:
12392:
12391:
12385:
12381:
12379:0-87021-192-7
12375:
12371:
12367:
12362:
12358:
12353:
12349:
12347:0-8032-1708-0
12343:
12339:
12335:
12330:
12326:
12324:0-394-75172-8
12320:
12316:
12311:
12307:
12301:
12297:
12292:
12288:
12282:
12278:
12273:
12269:
12263:
12259:
12254:
12250:
12244:
12240:
12235:
12231:
12227:
12223:
12219:
12214:
12210:
12204:
12200:
12195:
12191:
12185:
12181:
12176:
12172:
12166:
12162:
12157:
12153:
12148:
12145:(4 ed.).
12144:
12139:
12135:
12133:0-7864-1204-6
12129:
12126:. McFarland.
12125:
12120:
12116:
12110:
12106:
12101:
12097:
12091:
12087:
12083:
12078:
12074:
12068:
12064:
12059:
12055:
12051:
12046:
12042:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12023:
12019:
12013:
12009:
12004:
12000:
11994:
11986:
11981:
11977:
11971:
11967:
11962:
11958:
11952:
11949:. Routledge.
11948:
11943:
11939:
11934:
11930:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11913:. Routledge.
11912:
11907:
11903:
11897:
11893:
11888:
11884:
11878:
11874:
11869:
11865:
11860:
11856:
11852:
11848:
11844:
11840:
11836:
11831:
11827:
11825:0-460-02474-4
11821:
11817:
11812:
11808:
11802:
11798:
11793:
11792:
11780:
11779:McGibbon 2000
11775:
11768:
11763:
11756:
11751:
11744:
11739:
11732:
11727:
11720:
11715:
11699:
11695:
11691:
11685:
11678:
11673:
11665:
11664:
11656:
11640:
11636:
11629:
11622:
11617:
11610:
11605:
11589:
11585:
11581:
11575:
11559:
11555:
11553:
11545:
11538:
11533:
11524:
11517:
11505:
11501:
11494:
11488:, p. 61.
11487:
11482:
11475:
11470:
11461:
11454:
11450:
11447:
11442:
11433:
11418:on 5 May 2008
11417:
11413:
11407:
11401:, p. 53.
11400:
11395:
11388:
11383:
11374:
11367:
11363:
11359:
11355:
11351:
11347:
11343:
11339:
11336:
11330:
11323:
11319:
11315:
11309:
11302:
11298:
11294:
11288:
11273:
11269:
11262:
11255:
11249:
11242:
11237:
11221:
11217:
11213:
11207:
11205:
11203:
11187:
11183:
11176:
11169:
11164:
11162:
11154:
11149:
11142:
11137:
11130:
11125:
11119:, p. 90.
11118:
11113:
11106:
11101:
11095:, p. 43.
11094:
11089:
11073:
11069:
11063:
11056:
11051:
11044:
11039:
11030:
11028:
11020:
11015:
11013:
10996:
10990:
10974:
10970:
10964:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10934:
10926:
10920:
10915:
10908:
10902:
10894:
10888:
10884:
10877:
10861:
10857:
10851:
10835:
10831:
10827:
10823:
10816:
10809:
10804:
10797:
10792:
10785:
10780:
10773:
10772:Garthoff 1969
10768:
10752:
10748:
10744:
10743:
10736:
10729:
10725:
10720:
10718:
10711:, p. 89.
10710:
10705:
10698:
10697:0-679-44331-2
10694:
10690:
10684:
10677:
10676:World War Two
10673:
10669:
10666:
10660:
10658:
10641:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10625:
10609:
10605:
10599:
10592:
10587:
10585:
10577:
10572:
10565:
10560:
10553:
10548:
10541:
10537:
10533:
10527:
10520:
10515:
10513:
10505:
10500:
10498:
10490:
10486:
10481:
10474:
10469:
10462:
10458:
10453:
10451:
10443:
10438:
10431:
10426:
10419:
10414:
10407:
10402:
10395:
10390:
10383:
10378:
10371:
10366:
10359:
10354:
10347:
10343:
10338:
10331:
10326:
10320:
10316:
10313:
10309:
10303:
10296:
10291:
10289:
10281:
10276:
10269:
10264:
10262:
10254:
10249:
10247:
10245:
10243:
10235:
10230:
10223:
10219:
10214:
10207:
10202:
10200:
10190:
10188:1-85285-192-9
10184:
10180:
10176:
10175:
10170:
10169:Towle, Philip
10164:
10162:
10160:
10152:
10147:
10140:
10135:
10128:
10123:
10116:
10113:
10109:
10106:
10100:
10094:, p. 41.
10093:
10088:
10086:
10069:
10065:
10061:
10054:
10048:, p. 31.
10047:
10042:
10040:
10032:
10031:Willmott 2005
10028:
10023:
10017:, p. 50.
10016:
10011:
10009:
10007:
10000:, p. 49.
9999:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9980:
9976:
9971:
9965:, p. 37.
9964:
9963:Willmott 2005
9960:
9955:
9948:
9943:
9927:
9923:
9917:
9901:
9897:
9891:
9884:
9879:
9872:
9868:
9863:
9856:
9852:
9847:
9840:
9835:
9829:, p. 15.
9828:
9823:
9821:
9814:, p. 47.
9813:
9808:
9806:
9804:
9802:
9800:
9793:, p. 46.
9792:
9787:
9785:
9778:, p. 14.
9777:
9772:
9766:, p. 70.
9765:
9760:
9753:
9748:
9741:
9736:
9729:
9724:
9717:
9716:Xiaobing 2012
9712:
9703:
9697:, pp. 37, 106
9696:
9690:
9674:
9670:
9664:
9649:
9645:
9644:
9636:
9629:
9624:
9608:
9604:
9597:
9590:
9585:
9578:
9572:
9565:
9559:
9552:
9551:Reynolds 1974
9547:
9540:
9535:
9529:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9501:
9494:
9489:
9482:
9477:
9475:
9468:
9465:
9459:
9452:
9447:
9440:
9435:
9433:
9425:
9420:
9413:
9408:
9401:
9396:
9389:
9384:
9377:
9372:
9365:
9359:
9351:
9347:
9341:
9339:
9331:
9326:
9320:, p. 19.
9319:
9314:
9307:
9302:
9296:, p. 28.
9295:
9290:
9283:
9278:
9271:
9266:
9259:
9258:Willmott 2002
9254:
9248:, p. 96.
9247:
9246:Willmott 2002
9242:
9226:
9222:
9216:
9210:, p. 38.
9209:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9193:, p. 37.
9192:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9176:, p. 36.
9175:
9170:
9168:
9161:, p. 55.
9160:
9159:Willmott 2002
9156:
9151:
9145:, p. 55.
9144:
9143:Willmott 2002
9139:
9132:
9127:
9121:, p. 33.
9120:
9115:
9108:
9103:
9097:, p. 34.
9096:
9091:
9089:
9087:
9085:
9083:
9075:
9070:
9064:, p. 32.
9063:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9052:
9044:
9039:
9032:
9031:Willmott 1983
9027:
9025:
9017:
9012:
9006:, p. 31.
9005:
9000:
8998:
8996:
8994:
8977:
8973:
8967:
8951:
8947:
8941:
8925:
8921:
8915:
8906:
8890:
8886:
8880:
8873:
8872:Willmott 2014
8868:
8861:
8860:Willmott 2014
8856:
8854:
8852:
8844:
8839:
8832:
8827:
8811:
8807:
8800:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8769:
8753:
8749:
8745:
8738:
8731:
8726:
8719:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8690:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8659:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8626:
8621:
8614:
8609:
8602:
8597:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8567:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8537:
8521:
8517:
8513:
8507:
8499:
8495:
8489:
8473:
8469:
8468:
8463:
8457:
8451:, p. 60.
8450:
8445:
8438:
8433:
8426:
8421:
8419:
8411:
8406:
8400:, p. 28.
8399:
8394:
8392:
8384:
8383:Willmott 1983
8379:
8372:
8367:
8361:, p. 23.
8360:
8355:
8348:
8343:
8336:
8330:
8323:
8318:
8310:
8298:
8293:
8286:
8279:
8274:
8268:, p. 28.
8267:
8262:
8255:
8250:
8243:
8238:
8231:
8226:
8220:, p. 55.
8219:
8214:
8207:
8202:
8194:
8187:
8180:
8175:
8168:
8163:
8156:
8151:
8144:
8139:
8123:
8119:
8113:
8106:
8101:
8094:
8089:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8069:
8052:
8046:
8030:
8026:
8020:
8004:
8000:
7994:
7987:
7982:
7975:
7970:
7963:
7958:
7951:
7950:Costello 1982
7946:
7940:, p. 26.
7939:
7934:
7927:
7922:
7915:
7910:
7903:
7899:
7894:
7890:
7884:
7878:, p. 19.
7877:
7872:
7865:
7861:
7856:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7832:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7810:
7804:
7797:
7792:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7770:
7765:
7756:
7749:
7744:
7742:
7734:
7729:
7727:
7719:
7714:
7712:
7704:
7699:
7683:
7679:
7673:
7666:
7661:
7659:
7643:
7637:
7631:
7630:0-7923-5851-1
7627:
7623:
7622:
7615:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7574:
7568:
7560:
7548:
7535:
7520:on 5 May 2008
7519:
7515:
7509:
7500:
7494:, p. 65.
7493:
7488:
7486:
7477:
7471:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7449:
7444:
7435:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7406:
7400:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7382:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7358:
7350:
7344:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7328:www.uboat.net
7325:
7320:
7314:, p. 72.
7313:
7308:
7301:
7296:
7289:
7284:
7277:
7272:
7265:
7260:
7253:
7252:Cherevko 2003
7248:
7232:
7228:
7222:
7216:, p. 10.
7215:
7214:Hastings 2008
7210:
7208:
7200:
7195:
7188:
7182:
7175:
7170:
7163:
7158:
7151:
7150:Hastings 2008
7146:
7140:, p. 11.
7139:
7134:
7132:
7124:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7110:
7092:
7088:
7082:
7075:
7069:
7062:
7061:East Timorese
7058:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7022:
7019:
7008:
7005:
6994:
6991:
6980:
6977:
6966:
6963:
6952:
6949:
6938:
6935:
6924:
6921:
6910:
6907:
6906:United States
6896:
6893:
6882:
6881:
6877:
6868:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6821:
6814:
6808:
6801:
6795:
6788:
6782:
6773:
6764:
6755:
6746:
6737:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6713:
6708:
6704:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6632:
6621:
6614:
6612:
6602:
6600:
6595:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6572:By the Allies
6569:
6567:
6566:comfort women
6558:
6554:
6552:
6551:Death Railway
6546:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6510:
6504:
6497:
6492:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6448:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6333:Lesser Sundas
6332:
6331:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6095:Bonin Islands
6094:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6059:
6052:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6033:
6028:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6007:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5983:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5958:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5930:sanko sakusen
5927:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5870:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:John W. Dower
5847:
5842:
5836:United States
5823:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5793:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5767:
5766:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5747:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5718:
5717:Maoka Landing
5715:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5700:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5683:
5682:an invasion.
5680:
5670:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5639:in the first
5638:
5634:
5628:
5619:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5587:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5315:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5297:
5292:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5268:Mt. Suribachi
5265:
5264:Harry Schmidt
5259:
5257:
5256:Holland Smith
5253:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5228:
5224:
5223:Joe Rosenthal
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5130:Ramree Island
5127:
5122:
5117:
5109:
5108:Royal Marines
5105:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5020:Escuadrón 201
5011:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4979:Lingayen Gulf
4976:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4959:US Sixth Army
4954:
4946:
4942:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4915:radio silence
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4534:at Mount Song
4531:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4458:
4453:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:friendly fire
4334:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:Xishuangbanna
4105:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3926:
3921:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3897:Tokyo Express
3894:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3776:coastwatchers
3768:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:SBD Dauntless
3648:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3626:
3619:
3612:heavy bombers
3611:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:and damaging
3522:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3406:Marcus Island
3403:
3402:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3388:New Caledonia
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3312:Harry Hopkins
3309:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:Sittang River
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:Karel Doorman
3051:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2957:battlecruiser
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:Southern Plan
2794:
2791:The Japanese
2784:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2631:Georgy Zhukov
2628:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:Kwantung Army
2492:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2440:
2439:Monsun Gruppe
2434:
2433:raiding ships
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2373:of Korea and
2372:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:puppet states
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:Le Triomphant
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:Khmer Issarak
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2135:Jūgonen Sensō
2124:
2117:
2104:
2097:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:Pacific Ocean
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Syria–Lebanon
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1613:Pacific Ocean
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Eastern Front
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:Western Front
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1475:Campaigns of
1469:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:Taishō period
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Ryukyu (1879)
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Taiwan (1874)
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:Kuril Islands
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:North America
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:Borneo (1945)
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
930:
927:
926:
923:
920:
918:
917:Bay of Bengal
915:
911:
908:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
812:
809:
804:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
777:
776:
773:
758:
757:
755:
752:
746:
743:
740:
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734:
731:
728:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
710:
709:
707:
704:
698:
695:
693:63 submarines
692:
689:
686:
683:
681:5 battleships
680:
679:
677:
674:
673:
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665:
658:
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628:
623:
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412:
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400:
389:
387:
386:United States
376:
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361:
360:
357:
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351:
350:
345:
336:
332:
331:Kuril Islands
328:
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281:
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244:Pacific Ocean
242:
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123:
112:
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92:
83:
73:
70:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
19207:Other topics
19043:
18983:
18881:Taishō Roman
18635:Conscription
18605:
18597:
18572:Armed Forces
18432:(ministries)
18332:Charter Oath
18327:Constitution
18209:State Shinto
18192:Essentialism
18142:Demographics
18075:
17706:World War II
17651:Bibliography
17634:
17447:Project Hula
17412:Vistula–Oder
17381:
17314:
17305:
17289:
17259:
17208:
17192:
17183:
17174:
17140:
17037:
16952:
16928:
16898:
16649:
16542:
16487:North Africa
16189:Soviet Union
16143:Soviet Union
16069:Soviet Union
15837:Vatican City
15747:Vichy France
15652:German Reich
15549:Soviet Union
15535:South Africa
15528:Sierra Leone
15481:Newfoundland
15300:Participants
15283:Marocchinate
14987:
14978:
14948:
14826:North Africa
14787:Indian Ocean
14765:
14646:Nazi plunder
14537:Cryptography
14410:World War II
14301:
14285:
14269:
14253:
14237:
14235:Toll, Ian W.
14225:
14215:
14208:
14190:
14182:
14175:
14168:
14161:
14143:
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14109:
14102:
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13985:
13977:
13970:
13963:
13956:
13949:
13942:
13935:
13917:
13895:
13884:
13862:
13844:Random House
13842:. New York:
13839:
13814:
13810:
13791:
13782:
13759:
13751:
13733:
13725:
13721:
13713:
13704:
13683:
13654:
13645:
13644:
13626:
13613:. Retrieved
13602:. Abc-Clio.
13598:
13588:
13567:
13546:
13527:
13507:
13487:
13468:
13449:
13430:
13411:
13391:
13371:
13349:(1): 66–74.
13346:
13342:
13334:
13324:
13306:
13287:
13265:
13256:
13244:. Retrieved
13240:
13236:
13213:
13194:
13175:
13147:
13137:
13126:
13107:
13095:. Retrieved
13071:
13048:
13038:
13019:
13000:
12981:
12956:
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12931:
12921:
12902:
12893:
12874:
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12816:
12796:
12774:
12754:
12741:
12722:
12705:
12686:
12682:
12663:
12654:
12631:
12614:. Casemate.
12611:
12592:
12573:
12554:
12534:
12514:
12491:
12479:
12454:
12450:
12431:
12412:
12389:
12369:
12356:
12336:. Nebraska:
12333:
12314:
12295:
12276:
12257:
12238:
12224:(1): 51–65.
12221:
12217:
12198:
12179:
12160:
12151:
12142:
12123:
12104:
12086:M. E. Sharpe
12081:
12065:. Springer.
12062:
12053:
12049:
12026:
12007:
11984:
11965:
11946:
11937:
11910:
11891:
11875:. AB&B.
11872:
11863:
11838:
11834:
11815:
11796:
11774:
11762:
11750:
11738:
11726:
11714:
11702:. Retrieved
11698:the original
11693:
11684:
11672:
11662:
11655:
11643:. Retrieved
11628:
11616:
11604:
11592:. Retrieved
11583:
11574:
11562:. Retrieved
11551:
11544:
11532:
11523:
11515:
11508:. Retrieved
11493:
11481:
11469:
11460:
11441:
11432:
11420:. Retrieved
11416:the original
11406:
11394:
11387:Russell 1997
11382:
11373:
11329:
11308:
11300:
11296:
11287:
11275:. Retrieved
11272:warmuseum.ca
11271:
11261:
11253:
11248:
11236:
11224:. Retrieved
11215:
11189:. Retrieved
11185:
11175:
11170:, p. 4.
11148:
11136:
11124:
11112:
11100:
11088:
11076:. Retrieved
11071:
11062:
11050:
11038:
10999:. Retrieved
10989:
10977:. Retrieved
10972:
10963:
10933:
10914:
10906:
10901:
10882:
10876:
10864:. Retrieved
10850:
10840:27 September
10838:. Retrieved
10825:
10815:
10803:
10791:
10779:
10767:
10755:. Retrieved
10746:
10741:
10735:
10728:Cleaver 2018
10704:
10688:
10683:
10675:
10644:. Retrieved
10633:
10624:
10612:. Retrieved
10598:
10571:
10559:
10547:
10526:
10489:Cleaver 2018
10480:
10468:
10437:
10425:
10418:Cleaver 2018
10413:
10401:
10394:Cleaver 2018
10389:
10382:Cleaver 2018
10377:
10365:
10353:
10346:Cleaver 2018
10342:Hopkins 2010
10337:
10325:
10307:
10302:
10275:
10229:
10222:Hopkins 2010
10213:
10206:Hopkins 2010
10173:
10146:
10134:
10122:
10114:
10099:
10072:. Retrieved
10063:
10053:
10046:Cleaver 2018
10022:
9979:Peattie 2007
9970:
9959:Peattie 2007
9954:
9947:Y'Blood 1981
9942:
9930:. Retrieved
9926:the original
9916:
9904:. Retrieved
9890:
9883:Hopkins 2010
9878:
9867:Hopkins 2010
9862:
9851:Hopkins 2010
9846:
9839:Hopkins 2010
9834:
9827:Y'Blood 1981
9776:Y'Blood 1981
9771:
9759:
9747:
9735:
9723:
9711:
9702:
9694:
9689:
9677:. Retrieved
9673:the original
9663:
9652:, retrieved
9642:
9635:
9623:
9611:. Retrieved
9596:
9584:
9576:
9571:
9563:
9558:
9546:
9534:
9522:
9514:the original
9509:
9500:
9488:
9466:
9463:
9458:
9446:
9424:Parillo 1993
9419:
9407:
9395:
9383:
9371:
9363:
9358:
9349:
9325:
9313:
9301:
9294:Schoppa 2011
9289:
9277:
9265:
9253:
9241:
9229:. Retrieved
9215:
9150:
9138:
9126:
9114:
9102:
9069:
9038:
9011:
8980:. Retrieved
8976:the original
8966:
8954:. Retrieved
8940:
8928:. Retrieved
8914:
8905:
8893:. Retrieved
8879:
8867:
8838:
8831:Peattie 2007
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8799:
8787:. Retrieved
8778:
8768:
8756:. Retrieved
8747:
8737:
8730:Peattie 2007
8725:
8708:. Retrieved
8699:
8689:
8677:. Retrieved
8668:
8658:
8646:. Retrieved
8632:
8625:Peattie 2007
8620:
8608:
8596:
8584:. Retrieved
8575:
8566:
8554:. Retrieved
8545:
8536:
8524:. Retrieved
8515:
8506:
8498:the original
8488:
8476:. Retrieved
8465:
8456:
8449:Parillo 1993
8444:
8432:
8405:
8378:
8366:
8354:
8342:
8334:
8329:
8321:
8317:
8307:– via
8301:. Retrieved
8296:
8285:
8273:
8261:
8249:
8237:
8225:
8213:
8201:
8192:
8186:
8174:
8162:
8155:Harmsen 2015
8150:
8143:Harmsen 2013
8138:
8126:. Retrieved
8122:the original
8112:
8105:Sandler 2001
8100:
8093:Sandler 2001
8088:
8079:
8055:. Retrieved
8045:
8033:. Retrieved
8028:
8019:
8007:. Retrieved
8003:the original
7993:
7981:
7974:Takemae 2003
7969:
7957:
7945:
7933:
7928:, p. 1.
7926:MacLeod 1999
7921:
7909:
7901:
7888:
7883:
7871:
7855:
7843:
7831:
7819:
7811:
7803:
7791:
7764:
7755:
7750:, p. 1.
7698:
7686:. Retrieved
7682:the original
7672:
7645:. Retrieved
7636:
7619:
7614:
7602:. Retrieved
7598:
7589:
7577:. Retrieved
7567:
7522:. Retrieved
7508:
7499:
7465:
7459:
7443:
7434:
7413:
7370:
7348:
7343:
7336:Chinese Navy
7319:
7307:
7295:
7283:
7271:
7259:
7247:
7235:. Retrieved
7230:
7221:
7194:
7186:
7181:
7169:
7157:
7145:
7081:
7068:
7050:
7041:
6962:Soviet Union
6876:
6867:
6857:
6843:
6827:Erich Raeder
6820:
6807:
6794:
6781:
6772:
6763:
6754:
6745:
6736:
6719:
6707:
6631:Japan portal
6608:
6596:
6581:
6563:
6547:
6528:
6517:
6478:
6472:
6466:
6460:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6056:
6012:
6008:
6004:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5963:
5952:Commonwealth
5929:
5876:
5860:
5851:
5801:
5791:
5771:
5764:
5701:
5692:
5687:
5684:
5676:
5673:Soviet entry
5630:
5613:Atomic bombs
5588:
5579:Curtis LeMay
5569:
5546:
5507:
5499:North Borneo
5488:
5476:US 7th Fleet
5461:
5444:Borneo, 1945
5418:
5399:
5395:Shuri castle
5391:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5366:
5357:
5354:
5346:
5331:
5320:
5301:
5279:
5271:
5260:
5249:
5232:
5216:
5188:
5183:
5176:
5168:XXXIII Corps
5157:
5146:
5126:West African
5123:
5119:
5084:Final stages
5059:
5036:
5016:
4995:
4972:
4956:
4919:
4906:
4896:
4874:
4868:
4864:Takeo Kurita
4861:
4849:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4776:
4774:
4755:
4749:
4724:
4677:
4669:
4657:
4625:Mobile Fleet
4616:
4606:
4555:
4523:
4511:
4491:
4468:
4430:
4416:
4412:
4387:
4384:
4376:
4358:
4350:
4346:
4338:
4331:
4325:
4291:
4265:
4253:
4219:
4211:Bougainville
4164:
4141:
4133:
4101:
4085:William Slim
4054:
4042:
4029:Akyab island
4022:
4015:
3997:and General
3977:
3959:, spreading
3950:
3935:
3909:
3890:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3815:
3804:
3796:Eighth Fleet
3773:
3752:Kokoda Track
3749:
3729:Kokoda Track
3715:
3690:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3641:
3632:codebreakers
3629:
3625:Operation AL
3621:
3604:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3547:operational—
3545:
3541:MO Operation
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3481:codebreakers
3475:
3467:MO Operation
3466:
3461:MO Operation
3459:
3457:
3450:
3418:
3400:
3392:
3352:
3345:
3305:
3280:
3276:Port Moresby
3269:
3242:
3228:
3204:
3171:
3162:
3137:offensives.
3135:
3080:
3074:
3062:
3047:
3036:
3004:
2981:
2971:
2961:
2949:
2938:
2918:
2906:
2889:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2790:
2776:nationalists
2765:
2753:
2746:
2727:
2719:Wang Jingwei
2712:
2693:
2662:
2643:Vichy France
2624:
2609:
2605:invade Wuhan
2594:
2570:lent support
2543:
2484:
2473:
2450:
2415:
2371:its colonies
2368:
2329:
2318:
2312:
2298:
2259:
2164:
2148:Participants
2122:
2096:Nisshi Jihen
2083:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2038:World War II
2031:
1995:
1978:Europe first
1951:
1904:
1880:Indian Ocean
1872:World War II
1863:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1794:
1793:
1782:Indian Ocean
1743:Ecuador–Peru
1731:
1730:
1700:Middle East
1674:North Africa
1662:
1661:
1601:Asia-Pacific
1600:
1599:
1598:
1486:
1477:World War II
1432:
1411:Shōwa period
1409:
1408:
1385:
1384:
1379:Korea (1910)
1338:Meiji period
1336:
1279:
1278:
1253:
1233:
1199:
1146:
1141:Project Hula
1126:Fort Stevens
1055:
995:
988:
981:
869:Ocean Island
832:
822:Pearl Harbor
802:
753:
723:
705:
675:
506:Axis leaders
503:
455:
442:Participants
440:
439:See section
413:
407:Participants
405:
404:See section
352:
347:Belligerents
335:Soviet Union
288:retrocession
275:
249:Indian Ocean
165:
139:
69:World War II
54:
19295:Pacific War
19249:Shōwa Modan
19224:Hakkō ichiu
19161:Philippines
19048:after 1943)
19026:Territories
18984:Pacific War
18844:World War I
18720:Air Service
18660:Air Service
18533:Gozen Kaigi
18249:(Yoshihito)
18241:(Mutsuhito)
18187:Nationalism
18132:Agriculture
18076:Pacific War
17382:Bodenplatte
17268:Gothic Line
16494:West Africa
16041:Philippines
16020:Netherlands
15885:Czech lands
15823:Switzerland
15767:Afghanistan
15718:Philippines
15586:Puerto Rico
15502:Philippines
15488:New Zealand
15474:Netherlands
15427:Free France
15178:Prosecution
14979:Osoaviakhim
14849:West Africa
14833:East Africa
14480:Conferences
14117:Bull Halsey
13881:Alvin, Coox
13290:. Cassell.
12651:He, Yingqin
12632:Retribution
12279:. Archway.
11755:Tanaka 2003
11731:Selden 2007
11677:Dauria 2014
11609:Himeta 1995
11277:2 September
11226:24 February
11191:1 September
11153:Banham 2005
11141:Nesbit 2009
11093:Himeta 1995
11055:Rummel 1991
10973:China Daily
10858:. Wanpela.
10784:Toland 2003
10724:Gailey 2011
10591:Selden 2008
10576:Hanson 2004
10564:Skates 1994
10504:Wilson 1982
10485:Gailey 2011
10473:Yahara 1997
10457:Gailey 2011
10442:Gailey 2011
10295:Gailey 2011
10268:Gailey 2011
10218:Gailey 2011
10115:BBC History
10058:Klemen, L.
10027:Stille 2014
10015:Stille 2014
9998:Stille 2014
9975:Stille 2014
9871:Gailey 2011
9855:Gailey 2011
9812:Stille 2014
9791:Stille 2014
9564:Broken Seal
9481:Roscoe 1958
9451:Roscoe 1949
9306:Tanaka 1996
9231:15 December
9208:Stille 2014
9191:Stille 2014
9174:Stille 2014
9155:Stille 2014
9095:Stille 2014
9074:Stille 2014
9062:Stille 2014
9043:Stille 2014
9016:Jansen 2002
9004:Stille 2014
8613:Barber 2010
8398:Stille 2014
8359:Stille 2014
8278:Rummel 1991
8242:Jansen 2002
8230:Garver 1988
7986:Jansen 2002
7826:, Table 5A.
7824:Rummel 1991
7812:Japan Focus
7748:McLynn 2010
7367:Yuki Tanaka
7312:Jowett 2005
7018:New Zealand
6976:Netherlands
6948:Philippines
6831:Karl Dönitz
6669:Nanshin-ron
6221:Philippines
6036:Guadalcanal
5878:China Daily
5873:state media
5778:his Cabinet
5633:atomic bomb
5583:firebombing
5543:, June 1945
5505:on 1 July.
5405:China, 1945
5363:Seiichi Itō
5302:Bunker Hill
5039:Eighth Army
5032:Hiroo Onoda
4991:Clark Field
4922:Cape Engaño
4903:Sibuyan Sea
4558:Operation Z
4457:M3A3 Stuart
4365:Vladivostok
4306:Trincomalee
4130:, June 1943
4104:Phayap Army
3784:Guadalcanal
3762:Guadalcanal
3531:. Although
3363:New Britain
3294:launched a
3237:John Curtin
3211:John Curtin
3141:Philippines
2849:Wake Island
2647:Axis Powers
2574:in Shanghai
2387:Philippines
2308:Free France
2264:with Japan
2211:New Zealand
2005:possessions
1962:Axis powers
1923:Wake Island
1856:Pacific War
1765:Air Warfare
1679:East Africa
1266:Mutanchiang
1087:New Britain
803:Pacific War
735:39 cruisers
532:Hideki Tojo
311:Cession of
270:Territorial
166:Bunker Hill
145:US marines
62:Pacific War
18:Pacific war
19289:Categories
19013:Occupation
18836:Taishō era
18781:Boshin War
18625:War crimes
18421:Government
18397:Tonarigumi
18304:Privy Seal
18299:State Seal
18257:(Hirohito)
18182:Militarism
18137:Censorship
17482:West Hunan
17315:Pointblank
16651:Silver Fox
16637:Summer War
16390:Winter War
16369:Phoney War
16150:Azerbaijan
16111:Yugoslavia
16006:Luxembourg
15848:Resistance
15595:Yugoslavia
15460:Luxembourg
15262:Sook Ching
15058:War crimes
14660:Technology
14653:Opposition
14595:Lend-Lease
14572:Australian
14565:Home front
14523:Blitzkrieg
14473:Casualties
14464:Commanders
14436:Operations
13110:. Morrow.
12714:1171226366
12084:. Armonk:
11743:Dower 1993
11719:Rauch 2002
11594:1 December
11564:31 October
11474:Gruhl 2007
11078:8 November
11001:2 December
10979:2 December
10919:Dower 1986
10866:31 October
10808:Asada 1998
10757:1 December
10709:Frank 2007
10127:Allen 1984
10074:22 October
9906:23 October
9728:Allen 1984
9679:6 December
9628:Blair 1975
9613:31 October
9589:Blair 1975
9493:Blair 1975
9439:Blair 1975
9388:Allen 1984
9376:Allen 1984
9362:Agar, Jon
8648:31 October
8167:Olsen 2012
8128:31 October
8009:31 October
7876:Gruhl 2007
7718:Gruhl 2007
7688:31 October
7665:Dower 1993
7604:1 December
7579:31 October
7555:|url=
7492:Gruhl 2007
7450:. For the
7399:Dower 1986
7300:Meyer 1997
7233:. HyperWar
7101:References
6978:9,400 dead
6486:War crimes
6440:2,121,000
6389:New Guinea
5826:Casualties
5503:Balikpapan
5422:He Yingqin
5338:Tenth Army
5195:Tenasserim
5088:See also:
5045:, between
4899:Brunei Bay
4400:US Customs
3882:Enterprise
3854:Enterprise
3782:landed on
3780:US Marines
3725:battalions
3696:Kido Butai
3574:Enterprise
3359:New Guinea
3281:President
3182:Corregidor
3151:Corregidor
3123:Burma Road
3111:Sun Li-jen
3101:defending
2967:battleship
2560:suspended
2268:and again
2255:Hukbalahap
2253:, and the
1898:, and the
1866:, was the
1806:Yugoslavia
1787:Madagascar
1750:Antarctica
1721:Dodecanese
1541:Resistance
1509:Winter War
1499:Phoney War
1211:Sagami Bay
1200:Starvation
1082:New Guinea
759:1,000,000+
687:2 cruisers
655:and other
556:14,000,000
229:South Asia
19214:Sonnō jōi
19166:Singapore
19151:Hong Kong
19113:Azad Hind
19088:Mengjiang
19083:Manchukuo
19057:Kantō-shū
18999:Surrender
18906:Shōwa era
18891:Truku War
18762:Meiji era
18730:Tokkeitai
18695:Kempeitai
18606:Senjinkun
18523:Daijō-kan
18486:Munitions
18367:Mokusatsu
18157:Education
17725:Manchukuo
17547:Manchuria
17433:Indochina
17209:Bagration
16660:Lithuania
16305:Anschluss
16102:Viet Minh
15999:Lithuania
15941:Hong Kong
15711:Manchukuo
15666:Azad Hind
15325:Australia
15125:Aftermath
14988:Paperclip
14883:Aftermath
14683:Total war
14551:Diplomacy
14514:In Europe
14296:. (2005).
13831:161822140
13630:. Wiley.
13363:161326427
13138:Pig Boats
12973:144491081
11993:cite book
11799:. Diane.
11537:Hara 2011
11486:Marr 1995
11399:Coox 1973
11320:and 1939
11241:Long 1963
10646:15 August
10552:Grey 1999
10151:Slim 1956
9740:Slim 1956
9579:, p. 323.
9539:Boyd 1979
9400:Slim 1956
9366:, p. 281.
9282:Ch'i 1992
8586:3 October
8556:3 October
8266:Lind 2010
8206:Drea 2005
8057:25 August
8053:. US Army
8035:25 August
7938:Drea 1998
7864:RJ Rummel
7784:Hara 2011
7769:Hara 2011
7237:31 August
7123:Ch'i 1992
7106:Citations
7074:Azad Hind
6934:Australia
6649:Hull note
6605:Tribunals
6434:1,647,200
6165:Manchuria
6073:Navy dead
6070:Army dead
5763:USS
5740:Surrender
5637:Hiroshima
5607:ultimatum
5307:kamikazes
5300:USS
5170:captured
4852:sea lanes
4611:, during
4538:Myitkyina
4514:Mutaguchi
4298:Fremantle
4256:at Tarawa
4097:Ledo Road
3973:dysentery
3745:Milne Bay
3521:Lexington
3491:Lexington
3489:USS
3451:Lexington
3449:USS
3433:Coral Sea
3414:Kamchatka
3399:USS
3367:Aleutians
3344:USS
3073:HMS
2970:HMS
2960:HMS
2933:Singapore
2888:USS
2861:Hong Kong
2857:Singapore
2781:ABCD line
2738:Chongqing
2728:Japanese
2708:guerrilla
2700:Chongqing
2616:Chongqing
2401:, former
2383:Singapore
2379:Hong Kong
2360:Manchuria
2356:Manchukuo
2319:Richelieu
2284:, China,
2247:Việt Minh
2207:Australia
1943:Hong Kong
1939:Singapore
1657:Australia
1553:Alps 1940
1546:1944–1945
1255:Kantokuen
1162:Air raids
1077:Australia
1067:Coral Sea
961:Singapore
956:Hong Kong
585:2,000,000
303:Manchuria
224:East Asia
171:kamikazes
164:USS
152:Japanese
19192:Yen bloc
19180:Ideology
19171:Thailand
19040:Karafuto
19033:Colonies
18620:Kamikaze
18563:Military
18466:Treasury
18320:Policies
18311:Kimigayo
18232:Emperors
18199:Politics
18167:Eugenics
18125:Overview
17658:Category
17607:document
17517:document
17374:Ardennes
17358:Budapest
17306:Crossbow
17184:Overlord
17023:Smolensk
16241:Timeline
16076:Slovakia
16062:Thailand
15913:Ethiopia
15878:Bulgaria
15802:Portugal
15740:Thailand
15622:Bulgaria
15400:Eswatini
15393:Ethiopia
15346:Bulgaria
15171:Unit 731
15132:Response
14949:Keelhaul
14899:Cold War
14872:Americas
14863:timeline
14856:Atlantic
14736:Theaters
14348:Archived
14336:Archived
14103:Yamamoto
14013:Archived
13916:(2016).
13894:(2011).
13781:(1998).
13327:. (2002)
13286:(1956).
13070:(2007).
12752:(2002).
12653:(1978).
12490:(1967).
12368:(1997).
11645:21 April
11639:Archived
11621:Bix 2000
11588:Archived
11558:Archived
11510:10 March
11504:Archived
11449:Archived
11338:Archived
11220:Archived
10952:Archived
10941:Archived
10909:page 110
10860:Archived
10834:Archived
10751:Archived
10668:Archived
10640:Archived
10608:Archived
10536:Archived
10315:Archived
10108:Archived
10068:Archived
9900:Archived
9648:archived
9607:Archived
9225:Archived
8982:29 April
8956:20 April
8950:Archived
8930:20 April
8924:Archived
8895:20 April
8889:Archived
8816:4 August
8810:Archived
8789:4 August
8783:Archived
8758:4 August
8752:Archived
8710:4 August
8704:Archived
8679:4 August
8673:Archived
8642:Archived
8580:Archived
8550:Archived
8520:Archived
8472:Archived
8218:Lin 2010
8078:(1943).
7703:Sen 1999
7647:23 April
7534:cite web
7369:(1996).
7138:Sun 1996
7020:578 dead
7004:Mongolia
6862:theater.
6617:See also
6611:Ichigaya
6514:By Japan
6479:Kormoran
6398:127,600
6375:Moluccas
6272:164,500
6249:Thailand
6230:498,600
6216:247,200
6188:455,700
6090:103,900
6067:Location
5982:Canberra
5945:refugees
5871:Chinese
5795:—
5783:Hirohito
5765:Missouri
5688:Kantōgun
5658:blockade
5650:Nagasaki
5549:Iwo Jima
5511:Sandakan
5430:Zhijiang
5236:Iwo Jima
5202:Iwo Jima
5172:Mandalay
5164:Meiktila
5160:IV Corps
5041:invaded
4963:Mindanao
4808:Albacore
4590:Marianas
4562:Marshall
4546:The Hump
4540:after a
4506:Nagaland
4394:and its
4388:en route
4332:Nautilus
4326:Yamakaze
4302:Brisbane
4207:Choiseul
4046:Chindits
3878:Saratoga
3743:base at
3680:Yorktown
3672:Yorktown
3589:Yorktown
3584:Saratoga
3525:Yorktown
3496:Yorktown
3476:Yorktown
3421:Yamamoto
3419:Admiral
3233:—
3083:Moulmein
2965:and the
2953:matériel
2757:Haiphong
2612:incident
2556:and the
2463:and the
2447:Theaters
2427:and the
2340:Thailand
2278:Mongolia
2011:Overview
2001:occupied
1958:Thailand
1909:and the
1826:Bulgaria
1755:Atlantic
1738:Americas
1691:Adriatic
1273:Chongjin
1234:Downfall
1172:Yokosuka
989:Tiderace
946:Thailand
724:Military
676:Military
576:400,000
541:Strength
520:Hirohito
329:and the
294:to China
216:Location
67:Part of
18753:History
18725:Marines
18362:Kokutai
18267:Symbols
18247:Taishō
18204:Statism
18147:Economy
17704:during
17584:Shumshu
17351:Hungary
17298:Estonia
17282:Lapland
17260:Dragoon
17193:Neptune
17175:Ichi-Go
17141:Tempest
17083:Changde
17038:Cottage
16930:Jubilee
16646:Finland
16544:Compass
16250:Prelude
16203:Finland
16089:Vietnam
16055:Romania
15927:Germany
15906:Estonia
15892:Denmark
15871:Belgium
15864:Austria
15857:Albania
15788:Ireland
15774:Andorra
15758:Neutral
15725:Romania
15659:Hungary
15644:Finland
15516:Romania
15408:Finland
15386:Denmark
15332:Belgium
15318:Algeria
15024:Romania
15010:Hungary
14766:Pacific
14490:General
14444:Leaders
14429:Battles
14422:Outline
14374:YouTube
14039:3134247
13992:Press.
13728:. 1953.
13657:(1942)
13246:7 March
12847:1297619
12471:1983926
11855:3641184
11788:Sources
11422:11 July
11362:KhT-130
11254:Beehive
11105:He 1978
11043:Ho 1959
10826:ibiblio
10747:YouTube
9932:8 April
9764:Stevens
9506:"Boats"
9462:Prange
8526:8 April
7557:value (
7545:value (
7524:11 July
6964:68,407+
6473:Pinguin
6437:473,800
6426:88,200
6412:30,500
6392:112,400
6361:Celebes
6356:18,000
6342:53,000
6305:Sumatra
6286:11,400
6266:163,000
6244:12,400
6227:121,100
6224:377,500
6213:151,400
6202:52,700
6193:Siberia
6182:435,600
6174:46,700
6160:11,400
6146:26,500
6132:39,100
6118:89,400
6109:Okinawa
6104:15,200
6062:Losses
5875:outlet
5808:V-J Day
5605:. This
5576:General
5553:Okinawa
5491:Tarakan
5426:Kunming
5349:Hagushi
5323:Okinawa
5285:Okinawa
5184:Dracula
5138:Mong-Yu
4975:Mindoro
4907:Musashi
4875:Musashi
4821:Shōkaku
4798:Cavalla
4793:Shōkaku
4750:Zuikaku
4727:Peleliu
4582:Sumatra
4518:monsoon
4437:Guangxi
4244:in 1943
3965:typhoid
3961:cholera
3942:Yueyang
3856:in the
3845:Zuikaku
3839:Shokaku
3722:reserve
3685:Hammann
3537:Zuikaku
3533:Zuikaku
3529:Shōkaku
3103:Toungoo
3091:Rangoon
3048:At the
2996:Bandung
2990:to the
2975:, were
2962:Repulse
2890:Arizona
2704:Shaanxi
2429:Italian
2417:Germany
2405:(after
2270:in 1939
2266:in 1938
1966:Germany
1884:Oceania
1868:theater
1862:or the
1831:Hungary
1821:Romania
1670:Africa
1570:Balkans
1565:Britain
1519:Lapland
1514:Karelia
1504:Finland
1226:Shumshu
1111:Ellwood
976:Vietnam
657:puppets
631:126,500
595:140,000
333:by the
315:to the
272:changes
265:victory
239:Oceania
19156:Malaya
19131:Borneo
19067:Taiwan
19062:Nan'yō
19052:Chōsen
19045:naichi
18255:Shōwa
18239:Meiji
18214:Kazoku
18162:System
17867:
17561:Debate
17533:Taipei
17526:Borneo
17104:Tarawa
16298:Europe
16259:Africa
16048:Poland
16034:Norway
16013:Malaya
15992:Latvia
15934:Greece
15920:France
15816:Sweden
15781:Bhutan
15509:Poland
15495:Norway
15467:Mexico
15434:Greece
15420:France
15358:Canada
15339:Brazil
15309:Allies
15255:Serbia
15244:Poland
15017:Poland
15003:Baltic
14796:Europe
14498:Topics
14450:Allied
14308:
14292:
14278:
14262:
14246:
14197:
14150:
14131:
14110:Nimitz
14054:
14037:
13996:
13924:
13902:
13869:
13850:
13829:
13798:
13766:
13740:
13692:
13659:online
13634:
13615:21 May
13606:
13576:
13553:
13534:
13515:
13494:
13475:
13456:
13437:
13418:
13399:
13378:
13361:
13313:
13294:
13272:
13220:
13201:
13182:
13163:
13114:
13078:
13056:
13026:
13007:
12988:
12971:
12939:
12909:
12881:
12862:
12845:
12824:
12803:
12781:
12762:
12729:
12712:
12693:
12670:
12639:
12618:
12599:
12580:
12561:
12542:
12521:
12502:
12469:
12438:
12419:
12397:
12376:
12344:
12321:
12302:
12283:
12264:
12245:
12205:
12186:
12167:
12130:
12111:
12092:
12069:
12037:
12014:
11972:
11953:
11925:
11898:
11879:
11853:
11822:
11803:
11704:23 May
11364:S, 17
11358:KhT-26
11186:GOV.UK
10889:
10695:
10614:9 June
10185:
9654:9 June
9464:et al.
7628:
7553:Check
7541:Check
7472:
7377:
7189:p. 221
7034:5 dead
7032:Mexico
7029:
7015:
7001:
6990:France
6987:
6973:
6959:
6945:
6931:
6917:
6903:
6889:
6838:time.)
6476:, and
6467:Michel
6431:Totals
6423:25,000
6420:63,200
6409:10,800
6406:19,700
6395:15,200
6384:4,400
6370:5,500
6350:11,300
6347:Borneo
6336:51,800
6328:6,500
6314:3,200
6300:2,400
6258:7,000
6210:95,800
6196:52,300
6185:20,100
6168:45,900
6140:19,600
6129:10,600
6126:28,500
6115:21,500
6112:67,900
6101:12,500
6087:45,800
6084:58,100
6076:total
6001:Others
5994:Sydney
5991:, and
5919:Bengal
5901:: the
5846:Tarawa
5831:Allied
5529:, and
5495:Labuan
5482:, the
5387:Yahagi
5383:Yamato
5378:Yamato
5372:Yahagi
5367:Yamato
5358:Ten-Go
5340:. The
5327:Kyushu
5142:Hsipaw
5070:Negros
5047:Borneo
4869:Yamato
4758:Saipan
4718:, and
4712:Nagoya
4692:Tinian
4688:Saipan
4652:, and
4586:Rabaul
4572:, the
4502:Kohima
4487:Indian
4294:Cavite
4159:, and
3969:plague
3862:Hornet
3850:Hornet
3833:Haruna
3788:Tulagi
3662:, and
3595:Midway
3579:Hornet
3501:Neosho
3401:Hornet
3371:Midway
3365:, the
3346:Hornet
3257:Rabaul
3131:Imphal
3127:Yunnan
3119:Lashio
3075:Hermes
3069:Ceylon
3056:. The
3007:Rabaul
2945:Penang
2859:, and
2853:Malaya
2847:, and
2736:, and
2620:Yan'an
2425:German
2389:, the
2385:, the
2375:Taiwan
2300:Mexico
2288:, the
2249:, the
2245:, the
2241:, the
2237:, the
2217:. The
2215:Canada
2195:Malaya
2161:Allies
2121:. The
1954:Allies
1945:, and
1941:, and
1935:Malaya
1929:, and
1919:Hawaii
1894:, the
1890:, the
1882:, and
1878:, the
1760:Arctic
1592:Sicily
1494:Poland
1488:Europe
996:Zipper
982:Jurist
951:Malaya
910:Ceylon
844:Midway
430:
396:
383:
369:
355:Allies
292:Taiwan
263:Allied
259:Result
194:, 1945
187:, 1944
180:, 1945
173:, 1945
160:, 1941
149:, 1945
19136:Burma
18849:Entry
18543:Peers
18407:Senbu
18392:Tokkō
17337:Leyte
17167:Narva
17153:Anzio
17111:Makin
17069:Burma
16953:Torch
16922:Rzhev
16883:Kiska
15969:Korea
15955:Japan
15948:Italy
15830:Tibet
15809:Spain
15687:Italy
15448:Italy
15441:India
15365:China
15240:Japan
14840:Italy
14752:China
14704:Women
13827:S2CID
13359:S2CID
13097:1 May
12969:S2CID
12685:[
12467:JSTOR
12052:[
11851:JSTOR
11366:T-37s
11360:S, 2
11356:, 10
11354:T-26s
11350:BT-5s
11346:BT-7s
10997:. BBC
8478:3 May
8303:6 May
6700:Notes
6381:1,800
6378:2,600
6367:4,000
6364:1,500
6353:6,700
6339:1,200
6325:3,800
6322:2,700
6308:2,700
6297:1,500
6283:2,900
6280:8,500
6269:1,500
6252:6,900
6241:4,500
6238:7,900
6157:3,200
6154:8,200
6143:6,900
6137:Korea
6098:2,700
6081:Japan
6051:Tokyo
5988:Perth
5928:, or
5915:Bihar
5907:Henan
5899:India
5866:China
5062:Panay
4983:Luzon
4926:Samar
4857:Leyte
4817:Taihō
4803:Taihō
4716:Osaka
4708:Tokyo
4664:B-29s
4594:Palau
4570:Nauru
4379:class
4377:I-400
4268:Cairo
3848:sank
3827:Kongo
3817:Ryujo
3691:I-168
3676:Hiryū
3668:Hiryū
3664:Akagi
3656:Sōryū
3605:Hiryū
3568:Hiryū
3562:Akagi
3550:Sōryū
3516:Shōhō
3379:Samoa
3316:India
3015:Timor
2734:Wuhan
2610:Panay
2421:Italy
2336:Japan
2203:Tonga
2191:Burma
2187:India
2167:China
2129:十五年戦争
2110:太平洋戦争
2066:大東亜戦争
1970:Italy
1841:Japan
1816:Italy
1795:Coups
1696:Malta
1640:Japan
1608:China
1587:Italy
1167:Tokyo
1155:Japan
1072:Timor
504:Main
456:Main
433:Japan
414:Main
353:Main
299:Korea
284:China
18461:Navy
18456:Army
17403:1945
17131:1944
16972:1943
16900:Blue
16890:Attu
16797:1942
16556:1941
16408:1940
16346:1939
16275:Asia
16122:POWs
15962:Jews
15680:Iraq
15606:Axis
15556:Tuva
15372:Cuba
14457:Axis
14306:ISBN
14290:ISBN
14276:ISBN
14260:ISBN
14244:ISBN
14195:ISBN
14148:ISBN
14129:ISBN
14052:ISBN
14035:OCLC
13994:ISBN
13922:ISBN
13900:ISBN
13867:ISBN
13848:ISBN
13796:ISBN
13764:ISBN
13738:ISBN
13690:ISBN
13632:ISBN
13617:2012
13604:ISBN
13574:ISBN
13551:ISBN
13532:ISBN
13513:ISBN
13492:ISBN
13473:ISBN
13454:ISBN
13435:ISBN
13416:ISBN
13397:ISBN
13376:ISBN
13311:ISBN
13292:ISBN
13270:ISBN
13248:2021
13218:ISBN
13199:ISBN
13180:ISBN
13161:ISBN
13112:ISBN
13099:2021
13076:ISBN
13054:ISBN
13024:ISBN
13005:ISBN
12986:ISBN
12937:ISBN
12907:ISBN
12879:ISBN
12860:ISBN
12843:OCLC
12822:ISBN
12801:ISBN
12779:ISBN
12760:ISBN
12727:ISBN
12710:OCLC
12691:ISBN
12668:ISBN
12637:ISBN
12616:ISBN
12597:ISBN
12578:ISBN
12559:ISBN
12540:ISBN
12519:ISBN
12500:ISBN
12436:ISBN
12417:ISBN
12395:ISBN
12374:ISBN
12342:ISBN
12319:ISBN
12300:ISBN
12281:ISBN
12262:ISBN
12243:ISBN
12203:ISBN
12184:ISBN
12165:ISBN
12128:ISBN
12109:ISBN
12090:ISBN
12067:ISBN
12035:ISBN
12012:ISBN
11999:link
11970:ISBN
11951:ISBN
11923:ISBN
11896:ISBN
11877:ISBN
11820:ISBN
11801:ISBN
11706:2014
11647:2010
11596:2015
11566:2010
11512:2016
11424:2008
11333:Per
11279:2024
11228:2018
11193:2024
11080:2020
11003:2010
10981:2010
10925:help
10887:ISBN
10868:2010
10842:2012
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