South Asia - Knowledge

9802:, "Although the collapse of the Indus valley civilization is no longer believed to have been due to an 'Aryan invasion' it is widely thought that, at roughly the same time, or perhaps a few centuries later, new Indo-Aryan-speaking people and influences began to enter the subcontinent from the north-west. Detailed evidence is lacking. Nevertheless, a predecessor of the language that would eventually be called Sanskrit was probably introduced into the north-west sometime between 3,900 and 3,000 years ago. This language was related to one then spoken in eastern Iran; and both of these languages belonged to the Indo-European language family. ... It seems likely that various small-scale migrations were involved in the gradual introduction of the predecessor language and associated cultural characteristics. However, there may not have been a tight relationship between movements of people on the one hand, and changes in language and culture on the other. Moreover, the process whereby a dynamic new force gradually arose—a people with a distinct ideology who eventually seem to have referred to themselves as 'Arya'—was certainly two-way. That is, it involved a blending of new features which came from outside with other features—probably including some surviving Harappan influences—that were already present. Anyhow, it would be quite a few centuries before Sanskrit was written down. And the hymns and stories of the Arya people—especially the Vedas and the later Mahabharata and Ramayana epics—are poor guides as to historical events. Of course, the emerging Arya were to have a huge impact on the history of the subcontinent. Nevertheless, little is known about their early presence."; (e) 10174:: "The partition of South Asia that produced India and West and East Pakistan resulted from years of bitter negotiations and recriminations ... The departing British also decreed that the hundreds of princes, who ruled one-third of the subcontinent and a quarter of its population, became legally independent, their status to be settled later. Geographical location, personal and popular sentiment, and substantial pressure and incentives from the new governments led almost all princes eventually to merge their domains into either Pakistan or India. ... Each new government asserted its exclusive sovereignty within its borders, realigning all territories, animals, plants, minerals, and all other natural and human-made resources as either Pakistani or Indian property, to be used for its national development... Simultaneously, the central civil and military services and judiciary split roughly along religious 'communal' lines, even as they divided movable government assets according to a negotiated formula: 22.7 percent for Pakistan and 77.3 percent for India." 7481: 1983: 20690: 43: 365: 7297: 1679: 7496:

National Food Policy framework – with only 16.5% of the population undernourished. In India, the malnourished comprise just over 15 percent of the population. While the number of malnourished people in the neighborhood has shown a decline over the last 25 years, the number of under-nourished in Pakistan displays an upward trend. There were 28.7 million hungry in Pakistan in the 1990s – a number that has steadily increased to 41.3 million in 2015 with 22% of the population malnourished. Approximately 194.6 million people are undernourished in India, which accounts for the highest number of people suffering from hunger in any single country.

2565: 2063: 1562: 5683: 4383: 1553: 8139: 9782:, "In Punjab, a dry region with grasslands watered by five rivers (hence 'panch' and 'ab') draining the western Himalayas, one prehistoric culture left no material remains, but some of its ritual texts were preserved orally over the millennia. The culture is called Aryan, and evidence in its texts indicates that it spread slowly south-east, following the course of the Yamuna and Ganga Rivers. Its elite called itself Arya (pure) and distinguished themselves sharply from others. Aryans led kin groups organized as nomadic horse-herding tribes. Their ritual texts are called Vedas, composed in Sanskrit. 5591: 1573: 4758:. Hindus make up about 68 percent or about 900 million and Muslims at 31 percent or 510 million of the overall South Asia population, while Buddhists, Jains, Christians and Sikhs constitute most of the rest. The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and Christians are concentrated in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan, while the Muslims are concentrated in Afghanistan (99%), Bangladesh (90%), Pakistan (96%) and Maldives (100%). With all major religions practised in the subcontinent, South Asia is known for its religious diversity and one of the most religiously diverse regions on earth. 7631: 2200: 1582: 5983: 4672: 8122: 2212: 8722: 5315: 7313:

decentralised education systems, Bangladesh still had a highly centralised system, and Nepal is in a state of transition from a centralized to a decentralized system. In most South Asian countries children's education is theoretically free; the exceptions are the Maldives, where there is no constitutionally guaranteed free education, as well as Bhutan and Nepal, where fees are charged by primary schools. But parents are still faced with unmanageable secondary financial demands, including private tuition to make up for the inadequacies of the education system.

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pre-existing migratory flows within the partitioned regions (see also Chatterji 2013). She also demonstrates that the new national states of India and Pakistan were quickly drawn into trying to stem this migration. As they put into place laws designed to restrict the return of partition emigrants, this produced new dilemmas for both new nations in their treatment of 'overseas Indians'; and many of them lost their right to return to their places of origin in the subcontinent, and also their claims to full citizenship in host countries.

11390:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2009: "The paleotectonic evolution of Asia terminated some 50 million years ago as a result of the collision of the Indian Plate with Eurasia. Asia's subsequent neotectonic development has largely disrupted the continent's preexisting fabric. The first-order neotectonic units of Asia are Stable Asia, the Arabian and Indian cratons, the Alpide plate boundary zone (along which the Arabian and Indian platforms have collided with the Eurasian continental plate), and the island arcs and marginal basins." 2245: 7699: 4375: 2922: 7309:

of children attending primary and lower secondary schools attain a minimum proficiency level in reading and mathematics. According to a citizen-led assessment, only 48% in Indian public schools and 46% of children in Pakistan public schools could read a class two level text by the time they reached class five. This poor quality of education in turn has contributed to some of the highest drop-out rates in the world, while over half of the students complete secondary school with acquiring requisite skills.

1728: 5453: 8038: 5806: 1336: 1900: 1521:, the Indian subcontinent has come to be known as South Asia "in more recent and neutral parlance." This "neutral" notion refers to the concerns of Pakistan and Bangladesh, particularly given the recurring conflicts between India and Pakistan, wherein the dominant placement of "India" as a prefix before the subcontinent might offend some political sentiments. However, in Pakistan, the term "South Asia" is considered too India-centric and was banned until 1989 after the death of 923: 1750:-speaking pastoralists who migrated into north-western India after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization. Linguistic and archaeological data show a cultural change after 1500 BCE, with the linguistic and religious data clearly showing links with Indo-European languages and religion. By about 1200 BCE, the Vedic culture and agrarian lifestyle were established in the northwest and northern Gangetic plain of South Asia. Rudimentary state-forms appeared, of which the 2991: 875: 5499: 9684:(The Rigveda) consists of 1,028 hymns (suktas), highly crafted poetic compositions originally intended for recital during rituals and for the invocation of and communication with the Indo-Aryan gods. Modern scholarly opinion largely agrees that these hymns were composed between around 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE, during the eastward migration of the Indo-Aryan tribes from the mountains of what is today northern Afghanistan across the Punjab into north India. 7562: 6855: 6141: 4857: 3844: 3510: 333: 7641: 6902: 6222: 5487: 4901: 3901: 3537: 231: 8108: 7274: 7333: 911: 887: 8048: 7184: 6636: 5195: 4243: 3699: 309: 7898: 5407: 1486: 7976: 7849: 7289: 7137: 7043: 6567: 6429: 5579: 5441: 5147: 5054: 4186: 4072: 3672: 3645: 296: 270: 5729: 1870: 7769: 7966: 7839: 7709: 6949: 6291: 4951: 3958: 3564: 244: 8783: 10279:

the countryside, ploughing the land as landless peasants or sharecroppers, it is hardly surprising that many thousands, perhaps hundreds of thousands, did not hear the news for many weeks afterwards. For some, the butchery and forced relocation of the summer months of 1947 may have been the first that they knew about the creation of the two new states rising from the fragmentary and terminally weakened British empire in India

7908: 7090: 6498: 5097: 4129: 3618: 283: 5975: 5637: 5361: 20482: 9817:, "The expansion of Aryan culture is supposed to have begun around 1500 BCE. It should not be thought that this Aryan emergence (though it implies some migration) necessarily meant either a sudden invasion of new peoples, or a complete break with earlier traditions. It comprises a set of cultural ideas and practices, upheld by a Sanskrit-speaking elite, or Aryans. The features of this society are recorded in the Vedas." 7329:

second and third positions in the region. In Nepal (390 thousand) and Sri Lanka (230 thousand) the numbers were much smaller. Bhutan with only one university and Maldives with none hardly had between them about 7000 students in higher education in 2011. The gross enrolment ratio in 2011 ranged from about 10 percent in Pakistan and Afghanistan to above 20 percent in India, much below the global average of 31 percent.

7462:(WHO), South Asia is home to two out of the three countries in the world still affected by polio, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with 306 & 28 polio cases registered in 2014 respectively. Attempts to eradicate polio have been badly hit by opposition from militants in both countries, who say the program is cover to spy on their operations. Their attacks on immunization teams have claimed 78 lives since December 2012. 971: 959: 947: 935: 899: 863: 853: 20497: 20474: 1396: 7779: 6996: 6360: 5717: 5671: 5625: 5533: 5395: 5349: 5303: 5002: 4015: 3591: 257: 6739: 6684: 6666: 6615: 6597: 6546: 6528: 6477: 6459: 6408: 6390: 6339: 6321: 6270: 6252: 6201: 6183: 112: 20459: 2931:

warming, yet 3.9 and 7.5 times more frequent under 2 °C (3.6 °F) and 3 °C (5.4 °F). In parts of South Asia, they could become up to 15 times more frequent. At the same time, up to two-thirds of glacier ice in the Hindu Kush region may melt by 2100 under high warming, and these glaciers feed the water basin of over 220 million people. As glacier meltwater flow diminishes after 2050,

1505:, colliding with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago, towards the end of Palaeocene. This geological region largely includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Historians Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot state that the term "Indian subcontinent" describes a natural physical landmass in South Asia that has been relatively isolated from the rest of Eurasia. 18149: 9725:

contemporary with the Mitanni texts of northern Syria/Iraq (1450–1350 BCE); ... The Vedic texts were orally composed and transmitted, without the use of script, in an unbroken line of transmission from teacher to student that was formalised early on. This ensured an impeccable textual transmission superior to the classical texts of other cultures; it is in fact something of a

5545: 12404:, Quote:"Ellora, with its uninterrupted sequence of monuments dating from A.D. 600 to 1000, brings the civilization of ancient India to life. Not only is the Ellora complex a unique artistic creation and a technological exploit but, with its sanctuaries devoted to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, it illustrates the spirit of tolerance that was characteristic of ancient India." 7317:

capacity to deliver inclusive and equitable quality education is limited by low levels of public finance for education, while the smaller emerging middle-income countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bhutan have been able to achieve universal primary school completion, and are in a better position to focus on quality of education.

3099:. It was historically the most-conquered region of South Asia because it is the first region that invading armies coming from the west had to cross to enter the Indian subcontinent; because of these many invasions, Northwestern South Asia has significant influences from various sources outside of South Asia, mainly from the 11447:) New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "the part of Asia south of the Himalayas which forms a peninsula extending into the Indian Ocean, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Historically forming the whole territory of greater India, the region is now divided between India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh." 1407:(SAARC), a contiguous block of countries, started in 1985 with seven countries – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka – and admitted Afghanistan as an eighth member in 2007. China and Myanmar have also applied for the status of full members of SAARC. The 9363:, p. xvii: "Some practices of Hinduism must have originated in Neolithic times (c. 4000 BCE). The worship of certain plants and animals as sacred, for instance, could very likely have very great antiquity. The worship of goddesses, too, a part of Hinduism today, maybe a feature that originated in the Neolithic." 7325:

in girls' education with Sri Lanka and the Maldives significantly ahead of the others, while the gender gap in education has widened in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Bangladesh made the greatest progress in the region in the period increasing girls' secondary school enrolment from 13 percent to 56 percent in ten years.

3021:, Bangladesh and Pakistan ranked sixth and seventh respectively as the countries most affected by climate change in the period from 1996 to 2015, while India ranked fourth among the list of countries most affected by climate change in 2015. Some research suggests that South Asia as a whole would lose 2% of its 18141: 9786:

is recorded only in hymns that were part of Vedic rituals to Aryan gods. To be Aryan apparently meant to belong to the elite among pastoral tribes. Texts that record Aryan culture are not precisely datable, but they seem to begin around 1200 BCE with four collections of Vedic hymns (Rg, Sama, Yajur,

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According to UNESCO, 241 million children between six and fourteen years or 81 percent of the total were not learning in Southern and Central Asia in 2017. Only sub-Saharan Africa had a higher rate of children not learning. Two-thirds of these children were in school, sitting in classrooms. Only 19%

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51.7% of Afghanistan's population was under the MPI poverty threshold in 2019, while 24.1% of Bangladesh's population was under the threshold in 2021. India lifted 415 million people from MPI-poverty from 2005/06 to 2019/21; 16.4% of India's population was MPI-poor in 2019/2021, compared to 55.1% in

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came to power in 1325, launched a war of expansion and the Delhi Sultanate reached it largest geographical reach over the South Asian region during his 26-year rule. A Sunni Sultan, Muhammad bin Tughlaq persecuted non-Muslims such as Hindus, as well as non-Sunni Muslims such as Shia and Mahdi sects.

11367:, 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003: "Asia can be divided into six regions, each possessing distinctive physical, cultural, economic, and political characteristics... South Asia (Afghanistan and the nations of the Indian Peninsula) is isolated from the rest of Asia by great mountain barriers." 10355:

Macmillan Reference USA (Gale Group), 2006: "The area is divided between five major nation-states, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and includes as well the two small nations of Bhutan and the Maldives Republic... The total area can be estimated at 4.4 million square kilometres or

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South Asians learned that the British Indian empire would be partitioned on 3 June 1947. They heard about it on the radio, from relations and friends, by reading newspapers and, later, through government pamphlets. Among a population of almost four hundred million, where the vast majority live in

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When the British divided and quit India in August 1947, they not only partitioned the subcontinent with the emergence of the two nations of India and Pakistan but also the provinces of Punjab and Bengal. ... Indeed for many the Indian subcontinent's division in August 1947 is seen as a unique event

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According to UNICEF, girls face incredible hurdles to pursue their education in the region, while UNESCO estimated in 2005 that 24 million girls of primary-school age in the region were not receiving any formal education. Between 1900 and 2005, most of the countries in the region had shown progress

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The Mughal Empire continued its wars of expansion after Babur's death. With the fall of the Rajput kingdoms and Vijayanagara, its boundaries encompassed almost the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. The Mughal Empire was marked by a period of artistic exchanges and a Central Asian and South Asian

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The geographical extent is not clear cut as systemic and foreign policy orientations of its constituents are quite asymmetrical. Beyond the core territories of the Indian Empire (territories of the British Empire which were under the system of British Raj), there is a high degree of variation as to

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Children's education in the region is also adversely affected by natural and human-made crises including natural hazards, political instability, rising extremism and civil strife that makes it difficult to deliver educational services. Afghanistan and India are among the top ten countries with the

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In 1799, a process of unification was started by Ranjit Singh virtually to establish an empire ... Before his death in 1839 Rajit Singh's authority over all the conquered and subordinated territories between the river Satlej and the mountain ranges of Ladakh, Karakoram, Hindukush and Sulaiman was

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According to the UN cartographic section website disclaimers, "DESIGNATIONS USED: The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps and included in lists, tables, documents, and databases on this website are not warranted to be error free nor do they necessarily

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In 2021, approximately 330 million people in the region were malnourished. A 2015 report says that Nepal reached both the WFS target as well as MDG and is moving towards bringing down the number of undernourished people to less than 5% of the population. Bangladesh reached the MDG target with the

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There are numerous languages in South Asia. The spoken languages of the region are largely based on geography and shared across religious boundaries, but the written script is sharply divided by religious boundaries. In particular, Muslims of South Asia such as in Afghanistan and Pakistan use the

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as head of government. With the most populous functional democracy in world and the world's longest written constitution, India has been stably sustaining the political system it adopted in 1950 with no regime change except that by a democratic election. India's sustained democratic freedoms are

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along with an influx of Muslims from Persia and Central Asia, which resulted in spread of both Shia and Sunni Islam in parts of northwestern region of South Asia. Subsequently, under the influence of Muslim rulers of the Islamic sultanates and the Mughal Empire, Islam spread in South Asia. About

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South Asian countries are expected to experience more flooding in the future as the monsoon pattern intensifies. Across Asia as a whole, 100-year extremes in vapor transport (directly related to extreme precipitation) would become 2.6 times more frequent under 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) of global

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With about 21 million students in 700 universities and 40 thousand colleges India had one of the largest higher education systems in the world in 2011, accounting for 86 percent of all higher-level students in South Asia. Bangladesh (two million) and Pakistan (1.8 million) stood at distant

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One of the key challenges in assessing the quality of education in South Asia is the vast range of contextual difference across the region, complicating any attempt to compare between countries. In 2018, 11.3 million children at the primary level and 20.6 million children at the lower

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The larger and poorer countries in the region, like India and Bangladesh, struggle financially to get sufficient resources to sustain an education system required for their vast populations, with an added challenge of getting large numbers of out-of-school children enrolled into schools. Their

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in South Asia existed around 1000 BCE. In this period, states Samuel, emerged the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of Vedic texts, which merged into the earliest Upanishads. These texts began to ask the meaning of a ritual, adding increasing levels of philosophical and metaphysical speculation, or

17294: 11642:, 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003: "region, S central Asia, comprising the countries of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh and the Himalayan states of Nepal, and Bhutan. Sri Lanka, an island off the southeastern tip of the Indian peninsula, is often considered a part of the subcontinent." 7499:

The 2006 report stated, "the low status of women in South Asian countries and their lack of nutritional knowledge are important determinants of high prevalence of underweight children in the region." Corruption and the lack of initiative on the part of the government has been one of the major

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Greater warming increases the amount of moisture in the atmosphere over Asia, which directly leads to extreme precipitation. Probability of 20-year, 50-year and 100-year extremes consistently increases with warming across Asia. In the most affected parts of South Asia, up to a 15-fold average

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of ca. 1500–500 BCE. Not just the actual words, but even the long-lost musical (tonal) accent (as in old Greek or in Japanese) has been preserved up to the present. (pp. 68–69) ... The RV text was composed before the introduction and massive use of iron, that is before ca. 1200–1000 BCE. (p.

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It is known from internal evidence that the Vedic texts were orally composed in northern India, at first in the Greater Punjab and later on also in more eastern areas, including northern Bihar, between ca. 1500 BCE and ca. 500–400 BCE. The oldest text, the Rgveda, must have been more or less

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describes how the partition of the British Indian empire into the new nation states of India and Pakistan produced new diaspora on a vast, and hitherto unprecedented, scale, but hints that the sheer magnitude of refugee movements in South Asia after 1947 must be understood in the context of

1831:, and possibly even farther into West Asia. The Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka, later to Southeast Asia. Buddhism, by the last centuries of the 1st millennium BCE, was prominent in the Himalayan region, Gandhara, Hindu Kush region and Bactria. 6762:

According to the World Bank's 2011 report, based on 2005 ICP PPP, about 24.6% of the South Asian population was below the international poverty line of $ 1.25/day. Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka had the lowest number of people below the poverty line, with 2.4%, 1.5% and 4.1% respectively.

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In South Asia, classrooms are teacher-centred and rote-based, while children are often subjected to corporal punishment and discrimination. Different South Asian countries have different education structures. While by 2018 India and Pakistan has two of the most developed and increasingly

4780:. The Indian religions are distinct yet share terminology, concepts, goals and ideas, and from South Asia spread into East Asia and southeast Asia. Early Christianity and Islam were introduced into coastal regions of South Asia by merchants who settled among the local populations. Later 2813:

block the north-Asian bitter cold winds, the temperatures are considerably moderate in the plains down below. For the most part, the climate of the region is called the monsoon climate, which keeps the region humid during summer and dry during winter, and favours the cultivation of

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A clickable map of the official language or lingua franca spoken in each state/province of South Asia excluding the Maldives. Indo-Aryan languages are in green, Iranic languages in dark green, Dravidian languages in purple, Tibeto-Burman languages in red, and Turkic languages in

9340:, p. 66: "Much of what we now call Hinduism may have had roots in cultures that thrived in South Asia long before the creation of textual evidence that we can decipher with any confidence. Remarkable cave paintings have been preserved from Mesolithic sites dating from 10745:, Quote: "To the east, Iran, as a Gulf state, offers a generally accepted limit to the Middle East. However, Afghanistan, also a Muslim state, is then left in isolation. It is not accepted as a part of Central Asia and it is clearly not part of the Indian subcontinent". 2797:

The climate of this vast region varies considerably from area to area from tropical monsoon in the south to temperate in the north. The variety is influenced by not only the altitude but also by factors such as proximity to the seacoast and the seasonal impact of the

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that controlled much of the subcontinent, as well as what to do with the remaining European (non-British) colonies. A combination of referendums, military action, and negotiated accessions took place in rapid succession, leading to the political integration of the

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An increase of famines and extreme poverty characterised the colonial period, though railways built with British technology eventually provided crucial famine relief by increasing food distribution throughout India. Millions of South Asians began to migrate

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The wave of raids on north Indian and western Indian kingdoms by Muslim warlords continued after Mahmud of Ghazni, plundering and looting these kingdoms. The raids did not establish or extend permanent boundaries of their Islamic kingdoms. The Ghurid Sultan

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Population of South Asian countries in 1950, 1975, 2000, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100 projection from the United Nations has been displayed in table. The given population projections are based on medium fertility index. With India and Bangladesh approaching

1896:, who raided and plundered kingdoms in north India from east of the Indus river to west of Yamuna river seventeen times between 997 and 1030. Mahmud of Ghazni raided the treasuries but retracted each time, only extending Islamic rule into western Punjab. 2878:

and Sri Lanka, while the area adjustment to Pakistan and western India records lower than 20%–30%. Climate of South Asia is largely characterized by monsoons. South Asia depends critically on monsoon rainfall. Two monsoon systems exist in the region:

9399:"Shah Jahan eventually sent her body 800 km (500 mi) to Agra for burial in the Rauza-i Munauwara ("Illuminated Tomb") – a personal tribute and a stone manifestation of his imperial power. This tomb has been celebrated globally as the Taj Mahal." 7491:

According to the World Bank, 64% of South Asians lived in rural areas in 2022. In 2008, about 75% of South Asia's poor lived in rural areas and most relied on agriculture for their livelihood according to the UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation.

1371:, two independent countries that were not under the British Raj but were protectorates of the Empire, and the island countries of Sri Lanka and the Maldives are generally included. By various definitions based on substantially different reasons, the 18539: 2307:

since Independence, with none of its Prime Ministers having completed a full 5-year term in office. India has grown significantly, having slashed its rate of extreme poverty to below 20% and surpassed Pakistan's GDP per capita in the 2010s due to

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began in the British Empire, and has been a term particularly common in its successors. South Asia as the preferred term is particularly common when scholars or officials seek to differentiate this region from East Asia. According to historians

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The Mughals traditionally had been tolerant of Hinduism ... Aurangzeb, however ... prohibited Hindus from riding horses or litters. He reintroduced the head tax non-Muslims had to pay. Aurangzeb relentlessly destroyed Hindu temples all across

13215:, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pages 29–62; Quote (p. 29): "most of the Sikh scholars have vehemently presented this event as the first of the long series of religious persecutions that Sikhs suffered at the hands of Mughal authorities."; 18489: 1446:

The boundaries of South Asia vary based on how the region is defined. South Asia's northern, eastern, and western boundaries vary based on definitions used, while the Indian Ocean is the southern periphery. Most of this region rests on the

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problems associated with nutrition in India. Illiteracy in villages has been found to be one of the major issues that need more government attention. The report mentioned that although there has been a reduction in malnutrition due to the

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which other countries are included in South Asia. There is no clear boundary – geographical, geopolitical, socio-cultural, economical, or historical – between South Asia and other parts of Asia, especially Southeast Asia and West Asia.

1615:. The frontier of Greater South Asia, states Cutler, between 2001 and 2006 has been geopolitically extended to eastern Iran and western Afghanistan in the west, and in the north to northeastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, and southern 1275:

South Asia has a total area of 5.2 million sq.km (2 million sq.mi), which is 10% of the Asian continent. The population of South Asia is estimated to be 1.94 billion or about one-fourth of the world's population, making it both the

16582:, 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2010; Quote: "Indian religions, including early Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Sikhism, and sometimes also Theravāda Buddhism and the Hindu- and Buddhist-inspired religions of South and Southeast Asia". 1724:, the Indus Valley civilization provides a logical, if somewhat arbitrary, starting point for South Asian religions, but these links from the Indus religion to later-day South Asian traditions are subject to scholarly dispute. 11151: 2105:

returned to Europe. British, French, and Portuguese colonial interests struck treaties with these rulers and established their trading ports. In northwestern South Asia, a large region was consolidated into the Sikh Empire by

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and high wind from the Indian Ocean blows towards the center. The monsoons are the second coolest season of the year because of high humidity and cloud covering. But, at the beginning of June, the jetstreams vanish above the

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From about 500 BCE through about 300 CE, the Vedic-Brahmanic synthesis or "Hindu synthesis" continued. Classical Hindu and Sramanic (particularly Buddhist) ideas spread within South Asia, as well as outside South Asia. The

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raged, over 2 million Indians fought for Britain; by the end of the war, Britain was greatly weakened, and thus decided to grant independence to the vast majority of South Asians in 1947, though this coincided with the

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from the 1980s onward. Bangladesh, having struggled greatly for decades due to conflict with and economic exploitation by Pakistan, is now one of the fastest-growing countries in the region, beating India in terms of

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India is followed by Bangladesh, which has a GDP of ($ 446 billion). It has the fastest GDP growth rate in Asia. It is one of the emerging and growth-leading economies of the world, and is also listed among the

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for the region excludes Afghanistan from South Asia. Population Information Network (POPIN) excludes Maldives which is included as a member Pacific POPIN subregional network. The United Nations Statistics Division's

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Quote: "The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United

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are expected to end up with much of their territory below the tide level. In Mumbai alone, failing to adapt to this would result in damages of US$ 112–162 billion by 2050, which would nearly triple by 2070.

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in Northeast India.) This tension in the region has contributed to difficulties in sharing river waters among Northern South Asian countries; climate change is projected to exacerbate the issue. Dominated by the

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began a systematic war of expansion into North India in 1173. He sought to carve out a principality for himself by expanding the Islamic world, and thus laid the foundation for the Muslim kingdom that became the

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Bolch, Tobias; Shea, Joseph M.; Liu, Shiyin; Azam, Farooq M.; Gao, Yang; Gruber, Stephan; Immerzeel, Walter W.; Kulkarni, Anil; Li, Huilin; Tahir, Adnan A.; Zhang, Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019).

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Individual country percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Afghanistan not included in 2022 totals due to year mismatch. World Economic Outlook also does not count Afghanistan in the South Asia

17218: 15124: 17471: 8343:. Bangladesh also stands out as one of the few Muslim-majority democracies. "It is a moderate and generally secular and tolerant — though sometimes this is getting stretched at the moment — alternative to 3425:

Historically, governments throughout Southern South Asia adopted Sanskrit for public political expression beginning around 300 CE and ending around 1300, resulting in greater integration into the broader

20095:; Kumar, M. Dileep; Kumar, K. Rupa; Abrol, Y. P.; et al. (2002). "Global Change and Biogeochemical Cycles: the South Asia Region". In Tyson, P. D.; Fuchs, R.; Fu, C.; Lebel, L.; et al. (eds.). 15146: 1607:, the terms South Asia, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia are distinct, but the confusion and disagreements have arisen due to the geopolitical movement to enlarge these regions into Greater South Asia, 19220: 4499:(particularly Pakistan and northern states of India). The Punjabi language spans three religions: Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism. The spoken language is similar, but it is written in three scripts. The 14930:

Krishnan, Raghavan; Shrestha, Arun Bhakta; Ren, Guoyu; Rajbhandari, Rupak; Saeed, Sajjad; Sanjay, Jayanarayanan; Syed, Md. Abu.; Vellore, Ramesh; Xu, Ying; You, Qinglong; Ren, Yuyu (5 January 2019).

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Increasing urbanisation of South Asia between 800 and 400 BCE, and possibly the spread of urban diseases, contributed to the rise of ascetic movements and of new ideas which challenged the orthodox

7321:

highest number of reported disasters due to natural hazards and conflict. The precarious security situation in Afghanistan is a big barrier in rolling out education programmes on a national scale.

6022:

by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates ($ 1.476 trillion). Bangladesh's economic growth was 6.4% in 2022. The next one is Pakistan, which has an economy of ($ 340 billion). Next is

11194: 18991: 12674: 8359:, analysts say. Experts say that the rise in conservatism reflects the influence of foreign-financed Islamic charities and the more austere version of Islam brought home by migrant workers in 4423:

for the adoption of Bengali as the official language of the then East Pakistan. Non-Muslims of South Asia, and some Muslims in India, on the other hand, use scripts such as those derived from

1427: 11421:: "This greater India is well defined in terms of topography; it is the Indian peninsula, hemmed in by the Himalayas on the north, the Hindu Khush in the west and the Arakanese in the east." 9612:

This greater India is well defined in terms of topography; it is the Indian sub-continent, hemmed in by the Himalayas on the north, the Hindu Khush in the west and the Arakanese in the east.

4419:. Till 1952, Muslim-majority Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan) also mandated only the Nastaliq script, but after that adopted regional scripts and particularly Bengali, after the 9229: 20544: 11143: 2169:

Britain, under pressure from Indian freedom fighters, increasingly gave self-rule to British India. By the 1940s, two rival camps had emerged among independence activists: those who

9443: 4386: 1622:

Identification with a South Asian identity was found to be significantly low among respondents in an older two-year survey across Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

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secondary level were out-of-school in South Asia, while millions of children completed primary education without mastering the foundational skills of basic numeracy and literacy.

6688: 6619: 6550: 6481: 6412: 6343: 6274: 6205: 6130: 6030:

report in 2015, driven by a strong expansion in India, coupled with favorable oil prices, from the last quarter of 2014 South Asia became the fastest-growing region in the world.

17377: 17113: 14912:

Shaw, R., Y. Luo, T. S. Cheong, S. Abdul Halim, S. Chaturvedi, M. Hashizume, G. E. Insarov, Y. Ishikawa, M. Jafari, A. Kitoh, J. Pulhin, C. Singh, K. Vasant, and Z. Zhang, 2022:

2935:

generation would become less predictable and reliable, while agriculture would become more reliant on the intensified monsoon than ever before. Around 2050, people living in the

14508: 6780: 1892:

in Southern Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan. By 962 CE, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in South Asia were under a wave of raids from Muslim armies from Central Asia. Among them was

1501:" and "South Asia" are sometimes used interchangeably. The Indian subcontinent is largely a geological term referring to the land mass that drifted northeastwards from ancient 3771:

in the world. It is socially very mixed, consisting of many language groups and religions, and social practices in one region that are vastly different from those in another.

18652: 18485: 17399: 15069:

Biemans H, Siderius C, Lutz AF, Nepal S, Ahmad B, Hassan T, et al. (July 2019). "Importance of snow and glacier meltwater for agriculture on the Indo-Gangetic Plain".

21185: 21167: 20237: 19380: 19554:

India's so-called Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE) is tested and designed to intimidate and establish "Indian hegemony in the subcontinent", most particularly Pakistan...

16117:

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, custom data acquired via website.

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river basins (where up to 60% of non-monsoon irrigation comes from the glaciers) may be faced with severe water scarcity due to both climate and socioeconomic reasons.

11172: 1839:

ruled over a large part of the region between the 4th and 7th centuries, a period that saw the construction of major temples, monasteries and universities such as the

323: 221: 16543: 14250: 13383: 11728:, Quote:"It is very common today in academic and official circles to speak of the Indian subcontinent as 'South Asia', thereby distinguishing it from an 'East Asia'." 10477: 1351:

The common definition of South Asia is largely inherited from the administrative boundaries of the Indian Empire, with several exceptions. The current territories of

2404:

According to Saul Cohen, early colonial era strategists treated South Asia with East Asia, but in reality, the South Asia region excluding Afghanistan is a distinct

2049:

were arrested under orders of the Mughal emperors after their revolts and were executed when they refused to convert to Islam. Religious taxes on non-Muslims called

5813:

playing cricket. Afghan refugees who lived in Pakistan and India brought the sport back to Afghanistan, and it is now one of the most popular sports in the country.

2987:. Under the high-emission scenario, 40 million people (nearly 2% of the South Asian population) may be driven to internal migration by 2050 due to climate change. 17210: 16754: 15475: 15120: 10425: 8915: 3481: 3294:

took place in Gujarat. The region became part of independent India in 1947, and the present state boundaries were drawn based on linguistic considerations in 1956.

2078:

The death of Aurangzeb and the collapse of the Mughal Empire, which marks the beginning of modern India, in the early 18th century, provided opportunities for the

17464: 2272:

playing a significant role. In 1971, the eastern half of Pakistan seceded with help from India and became the People's Republic of Bangladesh after the traumatic

23758: 8302:. The war, which ended in 2009, would undermine the country's stability for more than two and a half decades. Sri Lanka, however, has been leading the region in 1542: 14309: 3768: 2186:

into a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan, which resulted in significant displacement and violence and harder religious divides in the region.

18690: 16006: 15873: 8252:

system to modify its republican status under its otherwise secular constitution in 1956. Pakistan's governance is one of the most conflicted in the world. The

5769:

diaspora, is the group of people whose ancestral origins lie in South Asia, but who live outside the region. There are over 44 million people in this diaspora.

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region separated from other nearby geostrategic realms, one that is geographically diverse. The region is home to a variety of geographical features, such as

16895: 16303: 1040:

terms. With a population of 2.04 billion living in South Asia, it contains a quarter (25%) of the world's population. As commonly conceptualized, the modern

17948: 17244: 16373: 14390: 12660:

Muhammad B. Sam Mu'izz Al-Din, T. W. Haig, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII, ed. C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and C. Pellat, (Brill, 1993)

2002:

of South Asia, that is the 16th century onwards, witnessed the establishment of the Mughal Empire, with Sunni Islam theology. The first ruler was Babur had

17991: 17231:

He also said that UKK is now among the top-5 non-cricketing leagues in India, after Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) and Indian Super League being the first two...

17164: 19543: 18081: 17722: 17435: 14176: 4491:, followed by Bengali, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, and Punjabi. In the modern era, new syncretic languages developed in the region such as 10510: 17799: 11191: 18206: 13656: 9284: 1343:

which was created for "statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."

14765: 23714: 14783: 12939: 9760:

A Chronology of Hinduism: ca. 1500–1000 BCE Rig Veda; ca. 1200–900 BCE Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda (p. xviii); Hindu texts began with the

8786:

A 1959 map showing how most of Asia was communist (in red), with Pakistan (blue) being more aligned with capitalist powers than India. The resulting

1927:

The Delhi Sultanate covered varying parts of South Asia and was ruled by a series of dynasties: Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties.

19604: 16571: 16193: 15776: 10400: 2907:(ITCZ) moves in. The change is violent. Moderately vigorous monsoon depressions form in the Bay of Bengal and make landfall from June to September. 2321:

and Islamist regimes, with many of its refugees having gone to Pakistan and other parts of South Asia and bringing back cultural influences such as

19768:

Bhatia, Tej K.; Baumgardner, Robert J. (2008). "Language in the media and advertising". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.).

15517: 14619:

Kumar, M. Ravi; Bhatia, S. C. (1999). "A new seismic hazard map for the Indian plate region under the global seismic hazard assessment programme".

12721: 11337: 9057: 8910: 8861: 8815: 8716: 6011: 1924:. Some historians chronicle the Delhi Sultanate from 1192 due to the presence and geographical claims of Mu'izz al-Din in South Asia by that time. 1404: 1319: 19282: 1322:(SAARC) is an economic cooperation organization in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. 22409: 21131: 19685: 13614: 10961: 6006:

from the region. It is the fastest-growing major economy in the world and one of the world's fastest registering a growth of 7.2% in FY 2022–23.

18436: 16750: 16093: 1947:

came to power in 1336 and persisted until the middle of the 16th century. It was ultimately defeated and destroyed by an alliance of the Muslim

20954: 20422: 20305: 19047: 17269: 15693: 12741: 11344:, Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings, United Nations 11215: 22404: 19659: 16733: 7480: 6084: 18218: 14205: 12702: 4390: 2806:

also is hot in summer, but cooler in winter. The mountainous north is colder and receives snowfall at higher altitudes of Himalayan ranges.

20551: 15719: 11356: 6670: 6601: 6532: 6463: 6394: 6325: 6256: 6187: 6126: 6117: 3278:

which arose in western Maharashtra came to dominate a major portion of the Indian sub-continent. However, its defeat by the British in the

3025:

to climate change by 2050, while these losses would approach 9% by the end of the century under the most intense climate change scenario.

14126: 10344: 8374:. Hinduism became the state religion and Hindu laws were formulated as national policies. A small oligarchic group of Gorkha region based 24677: 17503: 17314: 16935: 15569: 13996: 12064: 11528: 10825: 9113: 8869: 2967:

in Bangladesh will displace 0.9–2.1 million people by 2050 and may force the relocation of up to one third of power plants by 2030.

2318: 13919: 13208: 8351:, the U.S. ambassador to Bangladesh. Although Bangladesh's legal code is secular, more citizens are embracing a conservative version of 1666:

from about 500,000 years ago. The earliest prehistoric culture have roots in the mesolithic sites as evidenced by the rock paintings of

21157: 19347: 18414: 17373: 16797: 16225: 10678: 10614: 9224: 8903: 8860:

in 1979 accelerated efforts to form a union to restrengthen deteriorating regional security. After agreements, the union, known as the

8742: 5824:

in South Asia, with 90% of the sport's worldwide fans being in the Indian subcontinent. There are also some traditional games, such as

2971:

will become more uneven, and some South Asian countries could experience significant social impacts from global food price volatility.

16348: 15379:"Indo-Aryan – a house divided? Evidence for the east–west Indo-Aryan divide and its significance for the study of northern South Asia" 15310: 14430: 13553: 11740:

International Relations Theory and South Asia (OIP): Volume II: Security, Political Economy, Domestic Politics, Identities, and Images

9559:, p. 58: "Afghanistan is considered to be part of Central Asia. It regards itself as a link between Central Asia and South Asia." 2890:

The warmest period of the year precedes the monsoon season (March to mid June). In the summer the low pressures are centered over the

1939:

became independent in 1346 CE. It remained in power through the early 16th century. The state religion of the sultanate was Islam. In

21228: 21195: 21180: 19159: 16867: 11318: 11075: 8467:. The country has been ranked as the least corrupt and most peaceful country in the region, with the most economic freedom, in 2016. 8423: 8220: 7522: 6099: 2010:

regions of South Asia. Several regions of South Asia were largely under Hindu kings such as those of the Vijayanagara Empire and the

1819:

extended over much of South Asia in the 3rd century BCE. Buddhism spread beyond south Asia, through northwest into Central Asia. The

20378: 18016: 8199:, it has remained a democracy with civil liberties, an active Supreme Court, and a largely independent press. India leads region in 5990:

India is the largest economy in the region (US$ 4.11 trillion) and makes up almost 80% of the South Asian economy; it is the

4405: 2883:

The summer monsoon: Wind blows from the southwest to most parts of the region. It accounts for 70%–90% of the annual precipitation.

20764: 20119:

Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia

19413: 17723:"25 Countries Halved Multidimensional Poverty Within 15 Years, but 1.1 Billion Remain Poor | United Nations Development Programme" 16121: 15795:

Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia

14535: 11628:

Indian subcontinent – or South Asia – as it has come to be known in more recent and neutral parlance

11379: 11299: 23763: 21051: 20996: 20854: 18668: 17700: 14920:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 1457–1579 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.012. 13812: 13671:"Indian migration and empire : a colonial genealogy of the modern state | Western Libraries | Western Washington University" 11245: 3795: 3430:. This significantly influenced the languages of the region, making all of the major Dravidian languages except for Tamil highly 3422:. Southern South Asia was a hub of global trade in ancient times because of its position in the important Indian Ocean corridor. 2556:, extending southward into the Indian Ocean between the Arabian Sea (to the southwest) and the Bay of Bengal (to the southeast). 2276:. This, along with India and Pakistan gaining nuclear weapons soon afterwards, increased tensions between the two countries. The 20246: 19287: 8449:. Persisting instability for decades have left the country's economy stagnated and torn and it remains one of the most poor and 4523:. The Gurmukhi and Nagari scripts are distinct but close in their structure, but the Persian Nastaliq script is very different. 4406: 23247: 19085: 18629: 10184:

Chatterji, Joya; Washbrook, David (2013), "Introduction: Concepts and Questions", in Chatterji, Joya; Washbrook, David (eds.),

2101:

Maritime trading between South Asia and European merchants began at the turn of the 16th century after the Portuguese explorer

19629: 13141: 8883:

While in East Asia, regional trade accounts for 50% of total trade, it accounts for only a little more than 5% in South Asia.

2979:

incidence is also likely to increase across South Asia. Parts of South Asia would also reach "critical health thresholds" for

1716:, was the first major civilization in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the 23707: 20292: 20215: 20194: 20174: 20148: 20127: 20106: 20082: 20050: 20018: 19998: 19978: 19930: 19900: 19878: 19858: 19832: 19804: 19779: 19758: 19486: 19458: 18903: 18849: 18769: 18384: 17374:"South Asia, now the fastest-growing region in the world, could take greater advantage of cheap oil to reform energy pricing" 17032: 16823: 16628: 16601: 16474: 16435: 16401: 16282: 16146: 16076: 15910: 15803: 15755: 15495: 15346: 15288: 15045: 15000: 14951: 14814: 14694: 14674: 14654: 14607: 14410: 13741: 13714: 13634: 13626: 13533: 13502: 13474: 13411: 13361: 13351: 13327: 13291: 13266: 13229: 13177: 13135: 13085: 13051: 13000: 12970: 12921: 12893: 12858: 12828: 12798: 12684: 12602: 12577: 12539: 12491: 12425: 12359: 12320: 12281: 12218: 12191: 12155: 12058: 11778: 11748: 11690: 11663: 11522: 11466: 11414: 11131: 11053: 11030: 10987: 10884: 10856: 10783: 10763: 10738: 10711: 10672: 10608: 10568: 10297: 10271: 10227: 10193: 10169: 10149: 10118: 10094: 10063: 10032: 9984: 9952: 9929: 9906: 9883: 9861: 9839: 9812: 9797: 9777: 9753: 9717: 9677: 9648: 9633: 9605: 8407: 6843: 6837: 4398: 2487: 2329:

has grown across the region, with persecution causing millions of Hindus and Christians to flee Pakistan and Bangladesh, and

17827: 17772: 16634: 13868: 13235: 13183: 13091: 12431: 12365: 12326: 12287: 11696: 10469: 10233: 4537:. These languages are predominantly spoken in Bhutan and Nepal as well as parts of Burma and northern India in the state of 22772: 21061: 20926: 17652: 16539: 15858: 15333: 13380: 9532: 5903:. The broader terms Asian cinema, Eastern cinema and Oriental cinema in common usage often encompass South Asia as well as 20741: 18794: 14456: 14067: 13971: 8798:

in 1947, subsequent violence and territorial disputes left relations between India and Pakistan sour and very hostile and

8418:. The country has been ranked one of the poor countries in terms of GDP per capita but it has one of the lowest levels of 1982: 22047: 20716: 20711: 18954: 18933: 18875: 17894: 15024:

Scott, Christopher A.; Zhang, Fan; Mukherji, Aditi; Immerzeel, Walter; Mustafa, Daanish; Bharati, Luna (5 January 2019).

13894: 13575: 10433: 8733:

and alone accounts for most part of the landmass, population, economy and military expenditure in the region. India is a

8257: 4682:

Religion in British India 1871–1872 Census (includes modern-day India, Bangladesh, most of Pakistan and coastal Myanmar)

4481: 3182:) serve as the principal gateways to the region. With more than 441 million inhabitants, Eastern South Asia is home to 6% 1935:

Revolts against the Delhi Sultanate sprang up in many parts of South Asia during the 14th century. In the northeast, the

1272:

episode resulting in East Pakistan's secession, was the most recent instance of a new nation being formed in the region.

147: 20137:

Pandharipande, Rajeshwari V. (2008). "Language of religion". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.).

16996: 14482: 14275: 2436: – and has acutely varied climate zones. The tip of the Indian Peninsula had the highest quality pearls. 2158:

inspired a growing Indian intellectual movement, and so by the 20th century, British rule began to be challenged by the

2055:

were imposed. Buddhist, Hindu, and Sikh temples were desecrated. However, not all Muslim rulers persecuted non-Muslims.

24682: 22108: 21572: 21375: 20949: 20864: 20415: 18713: 17920: 17139:"Indian Traditional Games for Children, Traditional Games of Tamilnadu for Kids, Old Ancient Tamil Games of Tamil Nadu" 16326: 11770:

The Greater Middle East in Global Politics: Social Science Perspectives on the Changing Geography of the World Politics

8708: 7518: 7451: 6077: 6015: 5991: 4399: 2034: 21056: 20183:

Ruffle, Karen G. (2013). "Islam in South Asia: Practicing Tradition Today". In Pechilis, Karen; Raj, Selva J. (eds.).

15665:"The management of inter-state rivers as demands grow and supplies tighten: India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh" 14855:"Future Projections of Extreme Integrated Water Vapor Transport and Population Exposure Over the Asian Monsoon Region" 13670: 10316: 8761:

primarily attributed to its large and expanding economic and military abilities, India acts as fulcrum of South Asia.

1307:. South Asia alone accounts for 90.47% of Hindus, 95.5% of Sikhs, and 31% of Muslims worldwide, as well as 35 million 1232:, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace, leaving a legacy of luminous architecture. Gradually expanding 24687: 24291: 22786: 21147: 20794: 19953: 19526: 18698: 18330: 16847: 15550: 14714: 14568: 12629: 11823: 11802: 11725: 11621: 11590: 11577: 11564: 11551: 11506: 11493: 11444: 10947: 10644: 8799: 8712: 7740: 7607: 6831: 2265: 1419: 20769: 19372: 18363: 12453: 11275: 8725:

Border disputes involving India against Pakistan and China have created complex geopolitical dynamics in South Asia.

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estimates that India is one of the highest ranking countries in the world for the number of children suffering from

1248:

were introduced, and modern ideas of education and the public life took root. In 1947 the British Indian Empire was

24184: 23700: 21118: 20914: 20731: 18263: 16906: 12748:, Translated in 1871 by Elliot and Dawson, Volume 3 – The History of India, Cornell University Archives, pp 377–381 8411: 8295: 8291: 8235: 7946: 7937: 7242: 2679: 2348:, with China partnering with Pakistan and using its superior economy to attract countries surrounding India, while 2309: 2170: 42: 17644: 17193: 16300: 14913: 14051: 14030: 10799: 7504:

in South Asia, there is concern that South Asia has "inadequate feeding and caring practices for young children."

6766:

According to the 2023 MPI (multidimensional poverty index) report by the UN, around 20% of South Asians are poor.

3013:. Other estimates describe Bangladesh as the country most likely to be the worst-affected. In the 2017 edition of 2569: 1399:

United Nations map of South Asia. However, the United Nations does not endorse any definitions or area boundaries.

1383:(Burma), a former British colony and now largely considered a part of Southeast Asia, is also sometimes included. 21175: 21106: 21086: 20891: 20844: 20819: 16370: 16226:"United Nations Population Div, World Population Prospects 2017, File: Population Growth Rate, retrieved 5/20/18" 13835: 10366: 9257: 7473:. The prevalence of underweight children in India is among the highest in the world and is nearly double that of 5800: 5295: 4400: 3780: 3282:

wars left most of India under colonial rule. The region then experienced great upheavals during the struggle for

2349: 2345: 1635: 1408: 19493:

Though Indian victory in the India- Pakistan War 1971 and the liberation of Bangladesh refurbished India's image

17172: 12391: 10942:, pages 787, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, Published by Walter de Gruyter, 1996, 8386:, which was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005. It was the last Hindu state in world before 4387: 20839: 20568: 19549: 18089: 17869: 17439: 17348: 17138: 14932:"Unravelling Climate Change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: Rapid Warming in the Mountains and Increasing Extremes" 10502: 8375: 7296: 6812: 6092: 6019: 5995: 5785: 3034: 2904: 2234: 1631: 1372: 1101: 370: 27: 20072: 19747:

Bhatia, Tej K. (2008). "Major regional languages". In Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (eds.).

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Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik

18598: 18463: 18042: 9468: 4404: 2094:

to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent. By the mid-18th century, India was a major

24309: 23503: 22399: 21221: 20759: 20408: 14334: 13789: 11306:, Trade and Investment Division (TID), United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 9522: 8016: 7602: 7597: 4393: 4392: 3431: 3076: 3068: 3064: 2131: 828: 17602: 17576: 16171: 12207:

Klimkeit, H.-J. (2000). "Manichaeism and Nestorian Christianity". In Boxworth, C. E.; Asimov, M. S. (eds.).

8426:, it has also made considerable progress in development indicators outpacing many other South Asian states. 5251:

South Asia is home to some of the most populated urban areas in the world. According to the 2023 edition of

3063:, and diverse linguistic communities near the Himalayas. Its borders have been heavily contested (primarily 24263: 24253: 23768: 23095: 22087: 21895: 21101: 20877: 20834: 20341:

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World

19868: 17525: 15973: 14727: 13113: 12673:(1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.). 11435: 9487:"GDP, current prices, Purchasing power parity; billions of international dollars, Billions of U.S. dollars" 9234: 8865: 8546: 8212: 8196: 7672: 4402: 3283: 2724: 1440: 1186: 14780: 12936: 12762: 10102: 2217:

India and Pakistan consolidated their territory in the mid-20th century, but have an ongoing dispute over

1678: 1455:

in south-central Asia, rather resembling a diamond which is delineated by the Himalayas on the north, the

23557: 22584: 22387: 21190: 20537: 19593: 17550: 16568: 16200: 15236: 10392: 10086: 9504: 9486: 8445:

since 2021. Afghanistan has been suffering from one of the most unstable regimes on earth as a result of

8399: 8208: 8077: 7262: 2802:. Southern parts are mostly hot in summers and receive rain during monsoon periods. The northern belt of 2580: 2238: 2062: 1597:(top-right), Central Asia and associated neighbouring regions (bottom-left), and East Asia (bottom-right) 205: 19:

This article is about the geographical subregion of Asia. For the physiographical region of Eurasia, see

17863:"Regional Overview of Food Insecurity Asia and the Pacific - Towards a Food Secure Asia and the Pacific" 15933: 15178:

Ayers, Jessica; Huq, Saleemul; Wright, Helena; Faisal, Arif M.; Hussain, Syed Tanveer (2 October 2014).

12718: 11334: 4356:

fast, population growth in South Asia is facing steep decline and may turn negative in mid 21st century.

2528:

period and colliding with the Eurasian Plate about 50–55 million years ago and giving birth to the

2428:

that are typical of much larger continents. It is surrounded by three water bodies – the

2147: 24651: 23809: 23240: 21658: 21152: 20899: 20042: 18664: 12227: 9247: 8823: 8310:, and the political situation in Sri Lanka has been dominated by an increasingly assertive ideology of 8253: 8007: 7749: 7698: 4919: 3072: 2564: 2341: 2304: 2249: 1655: 16579: 10958: 3159: 24702: 24667: 23613: 20754: 20698: 19108: 18799: 18440: 18119: 17672:

Last update for Afghanistan from the World Economic Outlook is for 2020. Later years are unavailable.

17622:

Human Development Report 2023-24: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world

16758: 15596: 12563: 10141: 8803: 8058: 7942: 7873: 7745: 7459: 6770:

2005/2006. 10% of India's population was under the international poverty line of $ 2.15/day in 2021.

6026:, which has the 2nd highest GDP per capita and the 4th largest economy in the region. According to a 5682: 5216: 4420: 4353: 3757: 3207: 3096: 2769: 2754: 2739: 2709: 2694: 2399: 2273: 1916: 1815:

region of South Asia for several years and then later moved into the Indus valley region. Later, the

1690: 1682: 1480: 1265: 1142: 20320: 20207:

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): An emerging collaboration architecture

13497:. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. II.3. Cambridge University Press. pp. 99, 103. 12865:

The rulers of the Sultanate Bengal are often blamed for promoting Islam as state sponsored religion.

5255:, the region contains 8 of the world's 35 megacities (urban areas over 10 million population): 4389: 1880:

Islam came as a political power in the fringe of South Asia in 8th century CE when the Arab general

841: 24743: 24697: 23738: 23618: 22698: 21214: 21046: 20971: 20618: 16730: 15957: 12986: 12835:

In 1346 ... what became known as the Bengal Sultanate began and continued for almost two centuries.

12670: 11211: 10539: 9529: 8998: 8391: 8383: 8275: 8066: 8037: 7336: 5163: 5059: 4394: 3473: 3010: 2608: 2594: 2379: 2365: 2159: 2139: 1967: 1843:. During this era, and through the 10th century, numerous cave monasteries and temples such as the 1526: 1432: 1340: 1162: 762: 15902: 8390:

in 2008. The country's modern development suffered due to the various significant events like the

4403: 4401: 4397: 4395: 24314: 24192: 23743: 23724: 23677: 23672: 23642: 23608: 22217: 22091: 22054: 22042: 20824: 20657: 19021: 13785: 13696: 12738: 12699: 12644:

Richard Davis (1994), Three styles in looting India, History and Anthropology, 6(4), pp 293–317,

10900: 9745: 9669: 9348: 8827: 8464: 8450: 8340: 8303: 8187: 8082: 7808: 7730: 7667: 7258: 7246: 7238: 6113: 4862: 4391: 4369: 3459: 3279: 3092: 2984: 2875: 2383: 2228:

In 1947, the newly independent India and Pakistan had to decide how to deal with the hundreds of

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Comparing East Asian and Southeast Asian Buddhism: Looking at Traditional China from the Margins

15025: 14980: 14931: 14093: 11353: 11060:, Quote: "Some thought that Afghanistan was part of the Middle East and not South Asian at all". 8207:

in its internal regional politics whereas alternative transfer of powers to alliances of Indian

1561: 24324: 23790: 23603: 23567: 23365: 22955: 22394: 22382: 21735: 21488: 21024: 21019: 21006: 20961: 20829: 18968: 18352:. Education and Gender Equality Series, Programme Insights. Oxfam GB. February 2006. p. 2. 18310:. Education and Gender Equality Series, Programme Insights. Oxfam GB. February 2006. p. 1. 15664: 14148: 12909: 12814: 12501:

Richards, J. F. (October 1974). "The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia".

10341: 8328: 8072: 7583: 7254: 6033:

Certain parts of South Asia are significantly wealthier than others; the four Indian states of

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by purchasing power adjusted exchange rates (US$ 14.26 trillion). India is the member of

5949: 4972: 4924: 4914: 4906: 4785: 4646: 4640: 4396: 2916: 2665: 2391: 2334: 2003: 1158: 581: 143: 74: 20162: 20008: 19790: 19055: 17747: 17499: 16391: 15646:"Alternative Institutional Arrangements: Managing Transboundary Water Resources in South Asia" 14707:

Geological and Geophysical Evidence for Deep Subduction of Continental Crust Beneath the Pamir

13731: 13458: 12960: 12048: 11653: 11512: 11043: 10821: 10058: 10050: 10027: 10009: 3084:, the region is home to about half a billion people and is the poorest South Asian subregion. 2281: 1269: 24738: 23953: 23785: 23629: 23588: 23325: 23233: 22833: 22547: 22202: 22073: 21562: 21440: 21081: 20941: 20904: 20887: 20786: 20679: 20205: 19719: 19325: 18291: 16620:

Imperial Identity in Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern Central Asia

16066: 13319: 13205: 13037: 12818: 10701: 10133: 10112: 10078: 9994: 9979: 9962: 9947: 9924: 9916: 9901: 9878: 9856: 9834: 9830: 9807: 9792: 9772: 9739: 9701: 9643: 9595: 8857: 8415: 8311: 8162: 8138: 8002: 7630: 7234: 5953: 5943: 5821: 5779: 5221: 5211: 5200: 5115: 5020: 4666: 4416: 4388: 3469: 3044: 3006: 2651: 2503: 2455: 2375: 2326: 2296: 2174: 2155: 2123: 1451:

and is isolated from the rest of Asia by mountain barriers. Much of the region consists of a

1245: 1233: 1174: 18406: 16793: 16229: 13033: 12619: 12150:. Istituto Universitario Orientale & Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. 10728: 10662: 10598: 9663: 9628: 6053:

comprising 20% of India's population are expected to contribute 35% of India's GDP by 2030.

2199: 24692: 24240: 24050: 23920: 23401: 22868: 22429: 22078: 21530: 21483: 20776: 20394: 19728: 19566: 19450: 19321: 18282:, page 4, Education and Gender Equality Series, Programme Insights, Oxfam GB. February 2006 16709: 16427:

Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax

16344: 15268: 15262: 15191: 15078: 14866: 14739: 13790:"BBC – History – British History in depth: Britain, the Commonwealth and the End of Empire" 12758: 11315: 11072: 9709: 8850: 8811: 8515: 8387: 8371: 8324: 8299: 8261: 8242: 8192: 8183: 7994: 7926: 7797: 7727: 7659: 7250: 5999: 5982: 5969: 5762: 5755: 5590: 5168: 5152: 4879: 4709: 4662: 2972: 2891: 2462:. The Indian Plate includes most of South Asia, forming a land mass which extends from the 1928: 1747: 1612: 1261: 701: 20262: 19170: 16873: 15147:"New study finds incredibly high carbon pollution costs – especially for the US and India" 12127: 8721: 8121: 2211: 1572: 1552: 1363:

from 1857 to 1947 also form the core territories of South Asia. The mountain countries of

8: 24748: 24707: 23973: 23888: 23883: 23832: 23748: 23662: 23657: 23647: 23598: 23534: 23529: 23448: 23375: 22424: 22377: 22372: 22241: 22224: 22212: 22190: 22063: 21910: 21493: 21272: 21256: 21126: 21096: 21073: 21041: 20872: 20809: 20672: 20662: 20375: 20092: 19796: 15237:

Agriculture and Adaptation in Bangladesh: Current and Projected Impacts of Climate Change

9252: 9240: 8758: 8403: 8107: 7867: 7261:(PSX) with market capitalization of $ 72 billion. Economic data is sourced from the 6786: 5965: 5932: 5921: 5796: 4929: 4798: 4628: 4496: 4488: 4428: 3434:. Tamil influence in the region is quite significant, with prominent empires such as the 3403: 3361: 3081: 3048: 2826: 2803: 2637: 2514: 2387: 2300: 2007: 1944: 1848: 1808: 1608: 1604: 1594: 1498: 1236:

followed, turning most of South Asia into a colonial economy, but also consolidating its

1166: 1113: 1109: 1097: 1093: 684: 482: 354: 20: 19732: 19283:"India's Evolving National Identity Contestation: What Reactions to the "Pivot" Tell Us" 18565: 17245:"Pro kabaddi, kho-kho leagues chase IPL viewership. India rediscovering regional sports" 16731:

Pew Research Center – Global Religious Landscape 2010 – religious composition by country

15819: 15272: 15195: 15082: 14870: 14743: 12595:

The Military in British India: The Development of British Forces in South Asia:1600–1947

10940:

Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas

8378:

dominated the national politics, military and civic affairs until the abdication of the

5314: 4671: 4623:

English, with British spelling, is commonly used in urban areas and is a major economic

3258:

etc. in the ancients times. During the medieval age, the area was under the rule of the

2292:, which saw India and China move apart while Pakistan and China built closer relations. 24580: 24502: 24387: 24020: 23958: 23908: 23875: 23780: 23753: 23652: 23637: 23593: 23583: 23345: 23061: 23019: 23009: 22873: 22863: 22486: 22207: 21919: 21730: 21648: 21626: 21596: 21591: 20919: 20804: 20726: 20706: 20667: 19847: 16594:

Intercultural Exchange in Southeast Asia: History and Society in the Early Modern World

16521: 16118: 15675: 15626: 15408: 15302: 15264:

Bangladesh I: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries

15217: 15102: 15051: 15006: 14957: 14628: 14582: 13764: 13466: 13307: 12881: 12786: 11376: 11296: 9351:, near present-day Bhopal, in the Vindhya Mountains in the province of Madhya Pradesh." 9315: 9279: 8795: 8446: 8395: 8332: 8307: 8265: 8204: 8012: 7932: 7897: 7883: 7878: 7803: 7762: 7485: 7474: 7277: 6825: 5864: 5858: 5841: 5226: 4977: 4967: 4956: 4650: 4586: 4520: 4440: 3171: 3111: 3052: 2832: 2623: 2395: 2371: 2183: 1952: 1881: 1736: 1281: 1249: 1225: 1190: 1105: 614: 131: 17692: 17065: 15793: 15532: 15445:""Langscapes" and language borders: Linguistic boundary-making in northern South Asia" 15235:

Thomas TS, Mainuddin K, Chiang C, Rahman A, Haque A, Islam N, Quasem S, Sun Y (2013).

11237: 10079:"The British royal family and the colonial empire from the Georgians to Prince George" 8864:(SAARC), was finally established in Dhaka in December 1985. However, deterioration of 8779:

with sizeable populations and economies with significant impact on regional politics.

8453:

on the planet, leading to the influx of Afghan refugees to neighboring countries like

2886:

The winter monsoon: Wind blows from the northeast. Dominant in Sri Lanka and Maldives.

2572:

map is based on native vegetation, temperature, precipitation, and their seasonality.

1581: 1253: 24639: 24392: 24301: 24164: 24090: 24055: 24025: 24000: 23968: 23938: 23933: 23903: 23817: 23667: 23463: 23300: 22987: 22801: 22796: 22730: 22666: 22567: 22496: 22367: 22058: 21905: 21777: 21750: 21698: 21638: 21579: 21520: 21510: 21430: 21420: 21267: 21091: 21014: 20736: 20721: 20288: 20269: 20211: 20190: 20170: 20144: 20123: 20102: 20078: 20046: 20032: 20014: 19994: 19974: 19949: 19942: 19926: 19896: 19874: 19854: 19828: 19800: 19775: 19754: 19522: 19482: 19454: 19296: 19128: 18775: 18765: 18735: 18727: 18326: 17407: 17322: 17069: 17028: 16624: 16597: 16470: 16431: 16397: 16311: 16278: 16142: 16072: 16014: 15981: 15906: 15799: 15751: 15679: 15630: 15618: 15546: 15511: 15491: 15412: 15400: 15342: 15306: 15294: 15284: 15209: 15106: 15094: 15055: 15041: 15010: 14996: 14961: 14947: 14810: 14757: 14710: 14690: 14670: 14650: 14603: 14564: 14509:"Limited Hard Balancing: Explaining India's Counter Response to Chinese Encirclement" 14406: 14283: 14101: 14004: 13945: 13843: 13737: 13710: 13650: 13630: 13529: 13498: 13470: 13461:. In Lex Heerma van Voss; Els Hiemstra-Kuperus; Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk (eds.). 13407: 13357: 13323: 13312: 13287: 13262: 13225: 13173: 13131: 13081: 13047: 12996: 12966: 12917: 12889: 12854: 12824: 12794: 12768: 12680: 12625: 12598: 12573: 12535: 12518: 12487: 12421: 12355: 12316: 12277: 12214: 12208: 12187: 12161: 12151: 12054: 11819: 11798: 11774: 11744: 11721: 11686: 11659: 11617: 11586: 11573: 11560: 11547: 11518: 11502: 11489: 11462: 11440: 11410: 11127: 11049: 11026: 10983: 10943: 10908: 10880: 10852: 10779: 10759: 10734: 10707: 10668: 10640: 10604: 10267: 10223: 10189: 10145: 10090: 9749: 9713: 9673: 9601: 9409: 9262: 8931: 8750: 8344: 8227: 7891: 6014:

countries. It is also one of the fastest-growing middle-income countries. It has the

5833: 5173: 5120: 5110: 5102: 5076: 5025: 5015: 5007: 4658: 4654: 4504: 4477: 3443: 3419: 3305: 3263: 3200: 2855: 2784: 2046: 1948: 1827:

suggest that the Buddhist monks spread Buddhism (Dharma) in eastern provinces of the

1257: 728: 547: 537: 532: 522: 517: 19740: 19077: 18621: 17087: 15221: 15121:"These Indian Cities Could Be Underwater in Less Than 9 Years Due to Climate Change" 13706: 8260:, none of them have ever been able to complete a full term in office. The nature of 8219:. India has been facing notable internal religious conflicts and separatism however 2926:

increase for 100-year extremes is possible under 3 °C (5.4 °F) of warming.

2506:

in Tibet is situated at the outside the border of the regional structure, while the

2205:

Indian (brown) and Pakistani (green) territory on 15 August 1947, upon independence.

1899: 24712: 24540: 24525: 24420: 24412: 24402: 24397: 24362: 24268: 24225: 24220: 24151: 24141: 24123: 24098: 24080: 24075: 24065: 24045: 24030: 24010: 24005: 23943: 23898: 23483: 23350: 23080: 23051: 23046: 23024: 22982: 22705: 22693: 22671: 22611: 22520: 22469: 22449: 22439: 22350: 22169: 22145: 22135: 22006: 21890: 21816: 21745: 21723: 21708: 21621: 21616: 21321: 20640: 19912:

in Williams, Paul, ed., Buddhism: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies, 8 volumes

19736: 19637: 19443: 19438: 19254: 19120: 17061: 17049: 15898: 15745: 15608: 15538: 15483: 15456: 15390: 15276: 15199: 15086: 15033: 14988: 14939: 14874: 14747: 14398: 13702: 13622: 13163: 12645: 12510: 9665:

Participles in Rigvedic Sanskrit: The syntax and semantics of adjectival verb forms

8787: 8287: 8283: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8216: 8101: 8087: 7997: 7991: 7923: 7794: 7768: 7692: 7682: 7501: 7477:

with dire consequences for mobility, mortality, productivity, and economic growth.

5961: 5957: 5845: 5571: 5038: 4761: 4602: 4590: 4582: 4465: 4453: 3447: 3187: 3131: 2848: 2475: 2269: 2244: 2091: 2011: 1936: 1893: 1824: 1642: 1423: 1216:

became established on South Asia's southern and western coasts. Muslim armies from

1178: 781: 706: 646: 638: 624: 562: 552: 542: 473: 440: 432: 401: 392: 151: 139: 24286: 19825:

The United States and the Great Powers: World Politics in the Twenty-First Century

19548:, Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) and Pakistan Television (PTV), archived from 19246: 19124: 18911: 18853: 18376: 16819: 16520:(2). Journal of the Statistical Society of London Vol. 39, No. 2: 413. June 1876. 15613: 15476:"Sociolinguistics of South Asia: Tibeto-Burman, Austroasiatic and other languages" 12649: 8306:

with per capita GDP well ahead of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka has a

8156: 24530: 24512: 24487: 24372: 24357: 24278: 24258: 24202: 24136: 24070: 24035: 24015: 23948: 23860: 23840: 23822: 23335: 23170: 23140: 23029: 22997: 22972: 22621: 22594: 22589: 22552: 22503: 22273: 22001: 21959: 21792: 21787: 21606: 21567: 21557: 21515: 21452: 21447: 21425: 21405: 21390: 21385: 21380: 21363: 20849: 20613: 20601: 20382: 20282: 20184: 20158: 20138: 20117: 20096: 20036: 20028: 19988: 19963: 19920: 19769: 19748: 18804: 18267: 17835: 17526:"World Economic Outlook (October 2022) – Inflation rate, average consumer prices" 17022: 16851: 16737: 16618: 16575: 16464: 16425: 16377: 16330: 16307: 16125: 15874:

Future potential and the invisible diaspora: New Zealand and South Asia diasporas

15427: 15204: 15179: 14787: 13523: 13401: 13387: 13221:

Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition

13219: 13212: 13167: 13121: 13117: 13075: 12990: 12943: 12848: 12745: 12725: 12706: 12567: 12415: 12349: 12310: 12271: 12181: 11768: 11680: 11383: 11360: 11341: 11322: 11303: 11198: 11179: 11079: 10965: 10564: 10348: 10217: 9210: 8200: 8031: 7965: 7951: 7838: 7340: 6819: 6795: 6105: 4574: 4550: 4473: 4457: 3379: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 2896: 2553: 2533: 2529: 2507: 2467: 2289: 2229: 2134:

in its first few decades of British rule. Control over the subcontinent was then

2127: 2111: 1921: 1907: 1828: 1820: 1760: 1721: 1717: 1221: 1125: 619: 609: 594: 572: 500: 422: 135: 23692: 23207: 20981: 20400: 17800:"One-tenth of India's population escaped poverty in 5 years – government report" 16039: 15859:

Balances and benefits in Southern South Asia: The Maldives and Sri Lanka in 2021

15352: 15037: 14992: 14981:"Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region" 14943: 12621:

Antiquities of India: An Account of the History and Culture of Ancient Hindustan

8327:. The law of Bangladesh defines it as Islamic as well as secular. The nature of 4601:

are often predominant in areas where these languages are present. Some areas in

4374: 2921: 24627: 24560: 24555: 24545: 24458: 24425: 24367: 24337: 24215: 24159: 24113: 23963: 23893: 23855: 23411: 23396: 23340: 23295: 23195: 23185: 23036: 22977: 22857: 22811: 22757: 22654: 22537: 22434: 22345: 22016: 21874: 21864: 21755: 21688: 21542: 21537: 21468: 21297: 21282: 20986: 20976: 20746: 20301: 19686:"The Global Populist Surge Is More than Just a Western Story—Just Look at Asia" 19025: 18880: 18270:(2016). Annual Status of Education Report (Facilitated by Pratham). ASER Centre 14363: 13454: 10200: 9783: 9697: 8838: 8834: 8730: 8367: 8091: 7959: 7677: 7624: 6049:

are projected to account for almost 50% of India's GDP by 2030, while the five

5908: 5810: 5479: 5125: 5030: 4606: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4534: 4508: 4484:

in the world. The Devanagari script is also used for classical Sanskrit texts.

3391: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3275: 3155: 3056: 2964: 2868: 2825:

The northern Indian edge and northern Pakistani uplands have a dry subtropical

2518: 2459: 2314: 2163: 2087: 2079: 2071: 2019: 1864: 1755: 1360: 1304: 1213: 1150: 1089: 1041: 651: 599: 527: 468: 445: 186: 20388: 17898: 15694:"Putting policy into practice to clean up South Asia's dirty air (commentary)" 15280: 15090: 14752: 14177:"UN praises 'remarkable' India as 415 million exit poverty levels in 15 years" 12514: 9569: 8215:

political parties in national government provide it with characteristics of a

2059:, a Mughal ruler for example, sought religious tolerance and abolished jizya. 24732: 24717: 24570: 24479: 24452: 24377: 24352: 24342: 24230: 24169: 24040: 23865: 23775: 23524: 23498: 23320: 23310: 23305: 23290: 23285: 23277: 23002: 22967: 22933: 22928: 22908: 22883: 22715: 22616: 22579: 22525: 22513: 22479: 22288: 22283: 22251: 22236: 22174: 22068: 21991: 21949: 21944: 21869: 21852: 21821: 21765: 21740: 21718: 21713: 21653: 21643: 21584: 21368: 21351: 20814: 20514: 20257: 20059: 19300: 19132: 18731: 18258:(2015). Annual Status of Education Report (Facilitated by SAFED). ASER Centre 17986: 17956: 17925: 17411: 17326: 17073: 16779:

Ahmadiyyas are considered a sect of Islam in India. Other minorities are 0.4

16018: 15985: 15622: 15487: 15404: 15298: 15213: 15098: 14761: 14287: 14105: 14008: 13847: 12877: 12772: 12522: 10756:

Cultural Heritage and Tourism in the Developing World: A Regional Perspective

9735: 9274: 8746: 8439: 8433: 8336: 8321: 8272: 8177: 8127: 8063: 7864: 7724: 7656: 7589: 7577: 5452: 4789: 4754:, over 27 million Sikhs, 35 million Christians and over 25 million 4624: 4610: 4566: 4516: 4469: 4435: 4424: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3375: 3271: 3147: 3135: 2968: 2429: 2253: 2154:

needs and opportunities presented by the British Empire. The introduction of

2102: 2067: 1971: 1874: 1816: 1727: 1590: 1530: 1468: 1229: 1220:

intermittently overran the plains of northern India, eventually founding the

997: 745: 723: 604: 589: 557: 20273: 19109:"Geopolitical "Entanglements" and the China-India-Pakistan Nuclear Trilemma" 18779: 18764:(5th rev. and enl. ed.). New Delhi: R. Chand & Company. p. 3. 18739: 18653:"Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan" 18017:"Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | Data" 16968: 16323: 16094:"How a unique Tamil dialect survived among a fishing community in Sri Lanka" 15395: 15378: 13768: 13758: 12916:. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. pp. 216, 239–250. 12165: 9764:('Knowledge of Verses'), composed in northwest India around 1500 BCE (p. 10) 9523:"Human Development Report 2020 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" 5805: 3767:

The population of South Asia is about 1.938 billion which makes it the

24588: 24565: 24463: 24248: 24174: 23473: 23468: 23380: 22960: 22816: 22762: 22720: 22710: 22688: 22683: 22557: 22308: 22298: 22293: 22164: 22159: 21996: 21981: 21971: 21885: 21811: 21806: 21797: 21772: 21547: 21410: 21346: 21249: 20966: 20931: 20233: 19690: 19259: 17400:"Southern states to contribute 35% of India's $ 7 trillion economy by 2030" 16872:. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics. 2013. p. 23. Archived from 15151: 13733:

War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict [3 volumes]

13490: 11609: 10664:

Public Interest Environmental Litigation in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

10132:

Embree, Ainslie Thomas; Hay, Stephen N.; Bary, William Theodore De (1988),

9291: 8936: 8819: 8776: 8379: 8360: 7832: 7580: 7470: 4526: 3463: 3387: 3371: 3353: 3337: 3333: 3235: 3151: 3100: 2976: 2900: 2451: 2445: 2353: 2285: 2178: 2107: 1958:

About 1526, the Punjab governor Dawlat Khan Lodī reached out to the Mughal

1852: 1844: 1836: 1751: 1662: 1518: 1448: 1217: 1201: 1194: 1077: 170: 23225: 21237: 17895:"GHO | Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy – Data by country" 17050:"Time to address the mental health challenges of the South Asian diaspora" 16844: 15542: 15444: 14402: 12914:

A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar

2990: 1025: 24672: 24550: 24382: 24332: 24210: 23562: 23458: 23432: 23330: 23214: 23090: 22888: 22791: 22725: 22661: 22639: 22606: 22562: 22542: 22419: 22362: 22357: 22318: 22150: 22140: 22022: 21954: 21938: 21693: 21633: 21505: 21415: 21356: 21309: 21287: 20608: 20596: 20576: 20506: 20363: 20226:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

19888: 19842: 19820: 18220:

More than One-Half of Children and Adolescents are not learning worldwide

17211:"Ultimate Kho Kho S1 claims total reach of 41 million viewers from India" 16975: 16964: 15460: 14879: 14854: 14725: 13972:"What has been the Impact of the Creation of Bangladesh? | History Today" 12457: 11605: 11267: 10912: 10776:

International Relations in South Asia: Search for an Alternative Paradigm

10259: 9216: 9079: 9019: 8964: 8754: 8474: 8429: 8231: 7813: 7735: 7567: 6860: 6146: 6050: 6034: 5872: 5837: 5498: 5387: 5341: 3849: 3515: 3407: 3365: 3291: 3251: 3243: 3227: 3175: 3143: 3119: 3095:

is the site of many of the first civilisations of the world, such as the

3060: 3014: 2980: 2549: 2495: 2433: 2405: 2135: 2115: 2083: 1940: 1713: 1709: 1653:

The history of core South Asia begins with evidence of human activity of

1514: 1490: 1464: 1384: 1264:, amid large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented migration. The 1971 1241: 1237: 1138: 1135: 1073: 922: 767: 629: 338: 19348:"India's Role in South Asia Perceived Hegemony or Reluctant Leadership?" 18260: 17114:"India constitutes 90 percent of one billion cricket fans: ICC research" 17024:

The South Asian Diaspora: Transnational Networks and Changing Identities

15812: 15180:"Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development in Bangladesh" 14632: 10266:(2nd ed.), New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 1, 8447:

multiple foreign invasions, civil wars, revolutions and terrorist groups

1463:

in the east, and which extends southward into the Indian Ocean with the

1335: 24520: 24131: 23493: 23370: 23360: 23315: 23120: 22767: 22464: 22454: 22335: 22263: 22256: 22130: 21859: 21831: 21668: 21525: 21400: 20799: 20689: 20581: 19663: 16525: 16509: 11297:

Mapping and Analysis of Agricultural Trade Liberalization in South Asia

10795: 9183: 9133: 9083: 9023: 8968: 8846: 8807: 8802:

which largely shaped the politics of the region and contributed to the

8764: 8738: 8356: 8348: 8317: 8180: 7646: 7586: 7466: 7273: 6907: 6806: 6227: 6038: 6027: 5978:

Mumbai is the financial capital of India with GDP of $ 400 billion

5876: 5617: 5492: 4480:

among other languages and dialects, making it one of the most used and

4445: 3906: 3542: 3477: 3341: 3163: 3115: 2995: 2932: 2864: 2841: 2525: 2499: 2491: 2466:

into a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of

2413: 2257: 2042: 2022:

were under local Muslim rulers, namely those of the Deccan sultanates.

1999: 1987: 1812: 1767: 1670:

dating to a period of 30,000 BCE or older, as well as neolithic times.

1616: 1522: 1460: 1456: 1415: 1352: 1308: 1244:

began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly, but

1045: 874: 754: 737: 715: 693: 676: 236: 190: 19373:"A Balancing Act: The Role of Middle Powers in Contemporary Diplomacy" 15890: 15750:, University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 14917: 10536:"South Asian Organisation for Regional Cooperation (official website)" 10374: 9384:

denotes a cultural and linguistic boundary and not only a racial one."

8256:

have become a concern for the South Asian region. Out of 22 appointed

5406: 3348:

which were based in Central India. The territories that now comprises

2130:

tactics by the early 19th century. The region experienced significant

1970:

in 1526. The death of Ibrahim Lodi ended the Delhi Sultanate, and the

1525:. This region has also been labelled as "India" (in its classical and 1485: 1428:

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

24469: 23850: 23355: 23271: 22945: 22878: 22848: 22843: 22821: 22781: 22740: 22631: 22572: 22491: 22474: 22278: 22246: 22037: 21703: 21683: 21678: 21611: 21601: 21552: 21462: 21435: 21395: 21331: 20647: 20529: 18718: 18323:

A Scorecard on gender equality and girls' education in Asia 1990–2000

17551:"World Economic Outlook – GDP current prices, in billions of dollars" 16490: 15332:

Kreft, Sönke; David Eckstein, David; Melchior, Inga (November 2016).

13127: 13112: 13043: 12387: 9311: 9071: 8772: 8436: 8279: 8145: 8053: 7986: 7918: 7817: 7789: 7332: 7288: 7189: 6641: 6046: 6023: 5904: 5900: 5728: 5704: 5663: 5658: 5525: 5520: 5205: 4961: 4764:

are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely

4755: 4614: 4530: 4248: 3704: 3415: 3223: 3215: 2998: 2810: 2537: 2479: 2471: 2463: 2425: 2027: 2015: 1991: 1452: 1131: 1121: 1117: 1085: 1081: 1069: 1033: 975: 963: 939: 490: 314: 126: 18366:, page 5, Social Scientist, Vol. 43, No. 1/2 (January–February 2015) 17862: 16256: 16254: 15842:"The synchrony and diachrony of an Asian-Portuguese causal morpheme" 15841: 15597:"Dispossession, Border and Exception in South Asia: An Introduction" 15377:

Ivani, Jessica K.; Paudyal, Netra; Peterson, John (30 August 2021).

14431:"Muqtedar Khan on Why Religious Nationalism Is Poisoning South Asia" 14224:"There are lessons for Pakistan in the 1971 secession of Bangladesh" 13627:

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-602

12183:

So Close to Heaven: The Vanishing Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas

3476:(including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on 3442:

to Sri Lanka and beyond South Asia, and Sri Lanka having an ancient

24632: 24535: 24497: 24347: 24060: 23988: 23145: 23130: 23110: 23075: 23014: 22601: 22323: 22155: 22118: 22096: 21934: 21900: 21881: 21802: 21673: 21336: 21292: 21277: 20909: 20635: 20625: 19601:

National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research in Islamabad

19559: 19221:"India third largest military spender in world, after US and China" 18992:"Bangladesh's political unrest threatens economic gains, democracy" 18590: 18455: 18321:

Unterhalter, Elaine; Rajagopalan, Rajee; Challender, Chloe (2005).

16065:

Perera, Sasanka; Pathak, Dev Nath; Kumar, Ravi (30 December 2021).

15720:"Decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization (c. 3300-1300 BCE)" 15645: 14831: 14819: 11045:

Transforming the World: Global Political History since World War II

9230:

List of tallest buildings and structures in the Indian subcontinent

9141: 9099: 9091: 9043: 9035: 8984: 8976: 8886: 8842: 8768: 8470: 7981: 7854: 7754: 7662: 7446: 7142: 7048: 6572: 6434: 5896: 5888: 5584: 5446: 4836: 4826: 4818: 4773: 4765: 4689: 4594: 4578: 4546: 4512: 4191: 4077: 3677: 3650: 3411: 3386:

were merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956. In 2000, the new state of

3170:. Since Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India and parts of East India are 2545: 2541: 2521: 2330: 2277: 1869: 1801: 1705: 1502: 1339:

Various definitions of South Asia, including the definition by the

1312: 1154: 1065: 1057: 910: 886: 567: 427: 301: 275: 174: 162: 21206: 18223:, Fact Sheet No.46, UNESCO Institute for Statistics September 2017 17349:"Global Finance Magazine – Countries with Highest GDP Growth 2022" 15960: 13463:

The Ashgate Companion to the History of Textile Workers, 1650–2000

13286:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 236–238, 442–445. 12850:

The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (A.D. 1205–1576)

12148:

The Kingdom of Bamiyan: Buddhist art and culture of the Hindu Kush

12115: 5974: 5848:) are some of the most-watched sports competitions in the region. 5636: 5360: 2352:

have strengthened ties with India to counter China in the broader

1603:

According to Robert M. Cutler – a scholar of political science at

1224:

in the 13th century, and drawing the region into the cosmopolitan

1169:

being supplanted in the northern and western regions. By 400

1076:

also often included, which may otherwise be classified as part of

23845: 23190: 23165: 23160: 23135: 23115: 23100: 23041: 22950: 22918: 22893: 22838: 22752: 22649: 22340: 22268: 22123: 21976: 21929: 21924: 21837: 21782: 21760: 21663: 21304: 21034: 21029: 20306:"Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state" 19944:

The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy

18255: 17868:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2015. 16780: 16251: 16167: 14127:"No Pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office" 14054: 11144:"SAARC Membership: India blocks China's entry for the time being" 10503:"10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050" 9145: 8873: 8841:

pushed Pakistan's nuclear program who conducted nuclear tests in

8782: 8442: 7719: 7592: 6042: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5709: 5612: 5428: 5382: 4841: 4793: 4777: 4769: 4751: 4719: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3239: 3219: 3167: 2955: 2951: 2799: 2409: 2322: 2218: 2038: 1840: 1782: 1771: 1422:(UNICEF) recognizes the eight SAARC countries as South Asia, The 1380: 1300: 1292: 1209: 1134:

emerged on the Indian subcontinent in the western margins of the

1037: 951: 903: 891: 495: 197: 182: 178: 19971:

The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture

18320: 17270:"India needs its own $ 1 trillion states; Is Mumbai the answer?" 14457:"Hindus under attack in Bangladesh, Pakistan, face annihilation" 13869:"Goa Remained a Portuguese Colony when India Became Independent" 13554:"How British colonialism killed 100 million Indians in 40 years" 13525:

Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh

12312:

Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume I: A Global History

12236:, pp. 193–228, 339–353, specifically pp. 76–79 and 194–199. 10938:

Stephen Adolphe Wurm, Peter Mühlhäusler & Darrell T. Tryon,

10851:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 329. 9328:

imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations."

8282:

is the oldest sustained democracy in Asia. Tensions between the

7859: 4529:

languages are spoken across northern belts of the region in the

1660:

as long as 75,000 years ago, or with earlier hominids including

1395: 24604: 24108: 23995: 23928: 23541: 23508: 23488: 23406: 23180: 23085: 23066: 23056: 22992: 22923: 22903: 22898: 22853: 22508: 22459: 22444: 22328: 22313: 22303: 22231: 22032: 21986: 21847: 21478: 21341: 21326: 20586: 19922:

Lost kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia

18723: 18591:"India home to world's largest number of hungry people: report" 18187:. Kathmandu: UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia. p. 13. 17470:. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 2007. 14728:"Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" 14647:

Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis and the Western Himalaya

14483:"The Past has yet to Leave the Present: Genocide in Bangladesh" 13997:"The nuclear arsenals of China, India and Pakistan are growing" 13016: 13014: 13012: 11325:, Asia-Pacific POPIN Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 2 (1995), pages 7–11 11100:. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich. Archived from 10667:. Kluwer Law International. pp. 3 with footnotes 1 and 2. 9187: 9137: 9087: 9027: 8972: 8460: 8419: 7714: 7612: 6954: 6296: 5880: 5566: 5336: 4747: 4558: 4542: 4538: 3963: 3569: 3383: 3317: 3287: 3231: 3211: 3179: 3139: 3123: 2947: 2936: 2483: 2421: 2417: 1889: 1786: 1368: 1288: 1049: 987: 915: 867: 417: 249: 19792:

The Resilience of Democracy: Persistent Practice, Durable Idea

18830: 18818: 18795:"Which country has the world's shortest written constitution?" 18514: 18245:. Kathmandu: UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia. p. 3. 14929: 11685:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 5–8, 12–14, 51, 78–80, 10559: 10557: 2837:

Most of the peninsula has a tropical climate with variations:

2026:

architecture synthesis, with remarkable buildings such as the

23978: 23478: 23416: 23200: 23175: 23155: 23150: 23125: 23105: 22940: 22913: 22828: 22806: 22747: 22530: 22113: 22103: 21500: 21314: 20630: 20591: 20369: 17748:"Half of Afghans suffer from multidimensional poverty: gov't" 16241: 16239: 16040:"The Sri Lankan Civil War and Its History, Revisited in 2020" 15876: 15861: 15779: 13594: 12679:. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–170. 12018: 12016: 10083:

Crowns and Colonies: European Monarchies and Overseas Empires

9149: 9095: 9039: 8980: 8352: 8166: 7913: 7822: 7784: 7651: 7572: 7344: 7281: 7095: 7001: 6503: 6365: 6003: 5892: 5884: 5722: 5676: 5630: 5538: 5474: 5433: 5400: 5354: 5308: 5290: 4831: 4781: 4699: 4618: 4500: 4449: 4448:

script is used for over 120 South Asian languages, including

4134: 4020: 3623: 3596: 3329: 3127: 2959: 2940: 2821:

South Asia is largely divided into four broad climate zones:

2142:, with the British cracking down to some extent afterwards. 2056: 2051: 1963: 1959: 1903: 1885: 1364: 1356: 1296: 1205: 1182: 1061: 1053: 1013: 970: 958: 946: 934: 927: 898: 879: 862: 852: 412: 288: 262: 166: 20098:

Global-Regional Linkages in the Earth System: With 43 Tables

17048:

Shah, Muhammad Hamza; Roy, Sakshi; Ahluwalia, Arjun (2023).

13426: 13009: 12091: 11544:

Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society

10929:, page 42:1, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, 9780070090941 10535: 10359: 5840:; the leagues created for these traditional sports (such as 1754:-Pañcāla union was the most influential. The first recorded 24644: 24492: 24103: 23983: 23453: 22735: 22676: 22414: 21966: 21241: 19849:

Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security

18842: 18056: 17194:

Kabaddi at Asian Games: Indian men and women rule the roost

15480:

The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World

15331: 15234: 15023: 14310:"Per capita GDP for Bangladesh higher than India till 2022" 13427:

Copland, Ian; Mabbett, Ian; Roy, Asim; et al. (2012).

11514:

Worldwide Destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism

10554: 10247:

which defies comparative historical and conceptual analysis

9163: 9031: 8889:

is a general characteristic of internal politics of India.

8877: 8454: 8021: 7616: 5868: 5832:, which are played across the region and officially at the 5766: 4492: 4461: 2874:

Maximum relative humidity of over 80% has been recorded in

2815: 1720:

period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. According to anthropologist

1436: 1287:

In 2022, South Asia had the world's largest populations of

1029: 1005: 407: 397: 20074:

The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms

20013:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 19519:

Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 1932–1988

18111: 16236: 16007:"Sanskrit is the mother of all Indian languages: Bhyrappa" 14918:

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

14364:"From refugee camps to Kabul: The story of Afghan cricket" 14223: 12251: 12103: 12013: 11856: 11655:

Applications of Palaeontology: Techniques and Case Studies

8790:

impacted South Asian geopolitics in the late 20th century.

7245:(NSE) with market capitalization of $ 3.55 trillion ( 5544: 4746:

In 2010, South Asia had the world's largest population of

4675:

Religious Diversity in South Asia by National Subdivision

1096:

is the only subregion of Asia that lies partly within the

19200: 18407:"Gross enrolment ratio, secondary, both sexes (%) – Data" 17603:"World Economic Outlook (October 2022) – Real GDP growth" 17577:"World Economic Outlook – GDP current prices, per capita" 17165:"OCA » Ancient tag game of kho kho catching on fast" 16755:

Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner

16139:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

13314:

The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture

13073: 11875: 11873: 11871: 8734: 8191:

unique among the world's newer establishments. Since the

7237:(BSE) with market Capitalization of $ 3.5 trillion ( 4813:

Religious population as a percentage of total population

4598: 3022: 2248:

South Asia on the eve of the de jure commencement of the

2162:, which sought full independence under the leadership of 1116:

and is bounded by the Indian Ocean in the south, and the

818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 19394: 17196: 16333:, Omniglot Encyclopedia of Writing Systems and Languages 15426:

Ishii, Hiroshi; Gellner, David N.; Nawa, Katsuo (2007).

15068: 12624:. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. pp. 73–79. 12079: 12003: 12001: 11986: 11950: 11124:

International Relations Today: Concepts and Applications

10507:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

10445: 10443: 9594:

Baker, Kathleen M.; Chapman, Graham P. (11 March 2002).

8868:

have led India to emphasize more on sub-regional groups

8384:

establishment of Parliamentary democratic system in 1951

7300:

College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan

7265:, current as of April 2017, and is given in US dollars. 1735:

The Vedic period, named after the Vedic religion of the

19660:"Realizing the Promise of Regional Trade in South Asia" 19218: 16997:"The Desi Diaspora: Politics, Protest, and Nationalism" 13459:"The Long Globalization and Textile Producers in India" 12351:

Ajanta: History and Development, Volume 5: Cave by Cave

12028: 11962: 9587: 4427:

for Indo-European languages and non-Brahmi scripts for

3009:- meaning that it experiences the greatest impact from 2831:

The far south of India and southwest Sri Lanka have an

2288:; other factors include the time period after the 1962 2284:, as Pakistan aligned with the West and India with the 1543:

East and Southeast Asian relations with Northeast India

19717:

Ali, J. R.; Aitchison, J. C. (2005), "Greater India",

14908: 14906: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14892: 14890: 14726:

Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007).

14068:"How India Sees China's Ties with Pakistan and Bhutan" 13946:"India and Pakistan came close to nuclear war: Pompeo" 13813:"The Partition: The British game of 'divide and rule'" 11926: 11885: 11868: 11679:

Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (16 March 2006),

11557:

Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies

10138:

Sources of Indian Tradition: Modern India and Pakistan

9376:("Aryans," literally "the hospitable," from the Vedic 8254:

military rule and the unstable governments in Pakistan

7484:

A weekly child examination performed at a hospital in

1359:, and Pakistan which were the core territories of the 1108:

of the Maldives in South Asia lie entirely within the

18364:

Higher Education in South Asia: Crisis and Challenges

17625:. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024 17315:"India's GDP expanded 6.1% in 2022-23's last quarter" 16458: 16456: 16454: 15934:"Patrick Roberts Made National Geographic 'Explorer'" 15595:

Chowdhory, Nasreen; Mohanty, Biswajit (4 July 2023).

14705:

Valentin Semenovich Burtman & Peter Hale Molnar,

14536:"What Limits Any U.S. Alliance With India Over China" 13615:"Indian Merchant Migration within the British Empire" 12569:

The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History

12239: 11998: 11916: 11914: 11912: 11897: 10927:

Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination

10849:

Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations

10440: 10317:"How the Cold War Shaped Bangladesh's Liberation War" 10264:

The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan

9241:

A Region in Turmoil: South Asian Conflicts since 1947

8410:. There is also a huge turnover in the office of the 3150:. The region includes the world's largest delta, the 2340:

A recent phenomenon has been that of India and China

2033:

However, this time also marked an extended period of

1439:

along with all eight members of the SAARC as part of

20091: 19139: 17773:"24.1% Bangladeshis multidimensionally poor: Report" 16934:. Department of Census and Statistic. Archived from 16903:

Pakistan Burau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan

16119:

http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Excel-Data/population.htm

15891:"Eurasian Literature through the Eighteenth Century" 15376: 15177: 14837: 14825: 11974: 11938: 11844: 11832: 10565:"Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use" 10420: 10418: 10252: 9552: 9550: 9206: 8221:

consistently becoming more and more stable with time

4799:

one-third of the world's Muslims are from South Asia

4617:

hundreds of years ago upon the region's adoption of

2818:, tea, rice, and various vegetables in this region. 454:

Other official languages (provincial/regional level)

20066:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press 19594:"SAARC: Origin, Growth, Potential and Achievements" 19585: 19188: 18876:"No One Has Ever Completed a Term as Pakistan's PM" 16743: 15744:Thornton, Christopher P.; Cable, Charlotte (2016), 15261:Islam, Md. Nazrul; van Amstel, André, eds. (2018). 14887: 13920:"Why Pakistan ended up with so few princely states" 13723: 13442:

History of Mysore Under Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan

12136:, pp. 114–115, 144, 160–163, 170–176, 249–250. 11511:Boniface, Brian G.; Cooper, Christopher P. (2005). 10177: 9380:, "homey, the hospitable") but even in the Rgveda, 20261: 20167:The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective 19941: 19846: 19442: 19280: 18454:Haider, Sajjad; Khan, Shameen (31 December 2014). 18082:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency" 16451: 16168:"World Population prospects – Population division" 14853:Guo, Lianyi; Shi, Yi; Zhao, Yang (1 August 2023). 14581: 14506: 14391:"Religious Nationalism in Contemporary South Asia" 14251:"Bangladesh Liberation War: Economic Exploitation" 13403:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture 13311: 12888:(4th ed.). Routledge. pp. 187, 191–192. 11909: 10846: 10703:South Asia's Modern History: Thematic Perspectives 10183: 9999: 9689: 8424:stability of the country ensured as late as recent 4613:. The Tibetan script fell out of use in Pakistani 3193: 3174:, the coastlines of Bangladesh and East India (in 23722: 20430: 19767: 17822: 17820: 17569: 16496: 16064: 14563:, pages 304–305, Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, 13224:. Oxford University Press. pp. 23, 217–218. 12532:Bhadreśvar: The Oldest Islamic Monuments in India 11762: 11760: 11651: 11377:"Asia" > Geologic history – Tectonic framework 10415: 10019: 10017: 9547: 8822:following Western support for Pakistan. Amid the 4589:are also spoken in Bhutan, Nepal and Sikkim, and 1084:to the northeast, Central Asia to the northwest, 24730: 18904:"LTTE defeated; Sri Lanka liberated from terror" 18613: 18292:Global Monitoring Report 2006: Literacy for Life 18043:2022 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 17047: 16959: 16957: 16955: 16953: 15594: 15425: 15383:Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 14977: 14973: 14971: 14923: 14709:, page 10, Geological Society of America, 1993, 14649:, page 375, Geological Society of London, 2000, 14424: 14422: 12995:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 179–180. 12908: 12739:Futuhat-i Firoz Shahi – Autobiographical memoirs 12263: 12040: 11720:, page 51, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, 11658:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–271. 11600: 11598: 11405:Baker, Kathleen M.; Chapman, Graham P. (2002) . 11091: 10959:"Indian subcontinent" > Geology and Geography 10726: 10356:exactly 10 percent of the land surface of Asia." 10157: 8862:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 8717:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 3480:. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus 3446:and a Dravidian-influenced majority language of 1910:, Nasir-u Din Mehmud, in the winter of 1397–1398 1405:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 1320:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 22410:Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 19370: 18240:"Improving Education Quality in South Asia (I)" 18182:"Improving Education Quality in South Asia (I)" 17500:"List of countries, territories and currencies" 16751:"C −1 Population by religious community – 2011" 16383: 16162: 16160: 16158: 15260: 13576:"The Indian Uprising of 1857 and its aftermath" 13406:. Columbia University Press. pp. 282–284. 13306: 13259:The Routledge handbook of religion and security 13172:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 97–101. 12876: 12820:Bangladesh: Politics, Economy and Civil Society 12145: 11767:Cutler, Robert M. (2007). Amineh, Mehdi (ed.). 11672: 11585:, pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, 11486:South Asia: A Short History of the Subcontinent 11316:Asia-Pacific POPIN Consultative Workshop Report 10822:"Institute of Development Studies: Afghanistan" 10530: 10528: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10426:"Religion population totals in 2010 by Country" 9438: 9436: 9434: 9432: 9310:Administered by the United Kingdom, claimed by 8892: 8833:to the Indian Ocean in what was perceived as a 4385: 4378:Ethno-linguistic distribution map of South Asia 3484:(TIA) which includes land and internal waters. 3126:, eastern and northeastern parts of India, and 3005:India is estimated to have the world's highest 2510:in Tajikistan are situated inside that border. 2333:having grown in India with the election of the 2126:went on to dominate much of South Asia through 1962:and invited him to attack the Delhi Sultanate. 1493:region, it has a distinct geographical identity 20027: 19788: 18836: 18824: 17817: 16592:Alberts, Tara; Irving, D. R. M., eds. (2013). 16371:Urdu Literary Culture: The Syncretic Tradition 16296: 16294: 16194:"World Population Prospects 2017 Key Findings" 16068:Against the Nation: Thinking Like South Asians 15017: 14276:"Bangladesh's economic miracle is in jeopardy" 13780: 13778: 13655:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 13600: 12700:History of South Asia: A Chronological Outline 11757: 11510: 11480: 11478: 11068: 11066: 10788: 10497: 10495: 10386: 10384: 10303: 10186:Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora 10081:, in Aldrish, Robert; McCreery, Cindy (eds.), 10014: 7450:Child getting vaccine in Bangladesh under the 4487:The largest spoken language in this region is 2482:ranges, and extending up to but not including 23708: 23241: 22405:Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 21222: 20545: 20416: 20136: 18074: 17828:"Global Hunger Index Scores by 2021 GHI Rank" 17543: 17430: 17428: 16950: 16591: 16389: 16260: 15743: 15570:"In the North of South Asia, an arc of peace" 14968: 14602:, page 52, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, 14419: 14206:"India and Pakistan: A tale of two economies" 13619:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History 12767:. Oxford University Press. pp. 249–251. 12597:. Manchester University Press. pp. 5–7. 12572:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–30. 12546:; see discussion of earliest raids in Gujarat 12388:"Ellora Caves – UNESCO World Heritage Centre" 11813: 11743:. Oxford University Press. 13 November 2014. 11645: 11595: 11572:, pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, 11546:, pages 274, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996, 10870: 10868: 10727:Anderson, Ewan W.; Anderson, Liam D. (2013). 10296:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCopland2001 ( 10131: 10125: 9868: 9846: 3226:. The Western Indian region was ruled by the 1390: 1141:9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the 53:5,222,321 km (2,016,349 sq mi) 19716: 19622: 19244: 19206: 18142:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 17666: 17459: 17457: 17295:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 16616: 16514:Journal of the Statistical Society of London 16423: 16155: 15516:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 15062: 14428: 14031:"Why is India standing with Putin's Russia?" 13489: 13080:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. 12840: 12751: 12484:Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context 12417:Carving Devotion in the Jain Caves at Ellora 11404: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11003:Territories (British Indian Ocean Territory) 10905:A Constitutional History of India: 1600–1935 10656: 10654: 10652: 10592: 10590: 10588: 10525: 10455: 10390: 10168:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 10062:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 10031:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 9951:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLudden2014 ( 9928:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 9905:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLudden2014 ( 9882:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 9776:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLudden2014 ( 9647:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 ( 9593: 9429: 8376:Hindu Thakuri and Chhetri political families 8347:in a very troubled part of the world", said 7233:The major stock exchanges in the region are 4444:of the traditional South Asian scripts. The 2006:and his realm included the northwestern and 1641:For the pre-1947 history of the region, see 1032:, which is defined in both geographical and 24678:Meitei associate official language movement 23255: 20395:South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation 19961: 19320: 18896: 18377:"School enrollment, primary (% net) | Data" 17897:. World Health Organization. Archived from 17857: 17855: 17853: 17021:Rai, Rajesh; Reeves, Peter (25 July 2008). 16924: 16390:Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). 16291: 16272: 16141:. Cambridge University Press. p. 249. 16136: 16091: 15482:(2 ed.), Routledge, pp. 184–196, 15442: 14848: 14846: 14618: 13775: 13281: 13039:The European Union and Global Social Change 12050:World Religions in America: An Introduction 12022: 11818:. Moscow: Progress Publishers. p. 11. 11678: 11559:, pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, 11475: 11094:"SAARC: Afghanistan comes in from the cold" 11063: 10778:, page 129, SAGE Publications India, 2008, 10492: 10381: 10215: 10209: 10070: 10046: 10039: 10005: 9990: 9983:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 ( 9968: 9958: 9936: 9912: 9860:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 ( 9838:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 ( 9796:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 ( 9632:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 ( 8248:and was the world's first country to adopt 4545:region. The national language of Bhutan is 3210:. Places have been uncovered in Gujarat at 1489:While South Asia had never been a coherent 23715: 23701: 23248: 23234: 21229: 21215: 20552: 20538: 20423: 20409: 20385:, Freer and Sackler Galleries, Smithsonian 20186:South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today 19841: 19476: 19364: 19194: 18502:World Bank Report on Malnutrition in India 18453: 17971: 17941: 17913: 17494: 17492: 17425: 16654: 16652: 15474:Mohanty, David Bradley, Panchanan (2023), 14852: 14801: 14799: 14797: 13698:The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration 13551: 12823:. Cambridge University Press. p. 44. 12807: 12503:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 12213:. Vol. IV.2. UNESCO. pp. 79–80. 12139: 10865: 9890: 9820: 9811:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobb2011 ( 9617: 9285:India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor 9225:Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia 8549:(2019) (Global rank out of 179 countries) 7507: 6813:2022 Multidimensional Poverty Index Report 3087: 1145:of the third millennium BCE. By 1200 1112:. Topographically, it is dominated by the 41: 19987:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), 19986: 19939: 19504: 19258: 19219:Shaurya Karanbir Gurung (27 April 2020). 19113:Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 19014: 18237: 18202: 18200: 18198: 18196: 18194: 18179: 17454: 17020: 16812: 16674: 16569:Classification of religions: Geographical 16419: 16417: 16415: 16413: 15903:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198732679.001.0001 15662: 15612: 15394: 15203: 15139: 14878: 14751: 13836:"The Mutual Genocide of Indian Partition" 13833: 13760:Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress 13206:Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan 13106: 12592: 12472: 12179: 11604: 11501:, pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, 11499:The Third World: states of mind and being 11429: 11427: 11393: 11017: 11015: 11013: 11011: 10814: 10720: 10649: 10585: 10391:Pillalamarri, Akhilesh (8 January 2016). 9360: 8753:over the region. Sometimes referred as a 8731:dominant geopolitical power in the region 7523:List of countries by system of government 4495:that are used by the Muslim community of 3138:. Two of the world's largest rivers, the 1170: 1146: 20058: 20010:The World Economy: Historical Statistics 20006: 19909: 19545:Prime minister Secretariat Press Release 19510: 19281:Deepa M. Ollapally (July–August 2020) . 19238: 18711: 18175: 18173: 18171: 18169: 18167: 17850: 16724: 16510:"The Census of British India of 1871–72" 16396:. Oxford University Press. p. 395. 14843: 14687:Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region 13429:A History of State and Religion in India 13162: 13020: 12985: 12785: 12669: 12558: 12556: 12554: 12529: 12500: 12456:. Government of Pakistan. Archived from 12446: 12210:History of Civilizations of Central Asia 12206: 12085: 11891: 11879: 11023:Religions of South Asia: An Introduction 10980:Encyclopedia of World Geography (Vol. 1) 10754:Dallen J. Timothy and Gyan P. Nyaupane, 10706:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 13–15. 10660: 10603:. Technical Publications. pp. 4–5. 10371:South Asian Regional Development Gateway 10117:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeers2013 ( 9655: 8781: 8720: 8473:is a unitary presidential republic with 7512: 7479: 7445: 7331: 7295: 7287: 7272: 5986:GDP per capita development in South Asia 5981: 5973: 5804: 4670: 4381: 4373: 2989: 2920: 2563: 2268:in the decades after Independence, with 2243: 2061: 1981: 1966:defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the 1898: 1873:Outreach of influence of early medieval 1868: 1726: 1677: 1484: 1394: 1334: 1165:into India from the northwest, with the 1092:to the east. Apart from Southeast Asia, 20280: 20157: 20070: 19866: 19449:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 19371:Oosterveld, Willem; Torossian, Bianca. 18339: 18273: 18233: 18231: 18229: 18040: 17489: 17346: 16932:"Census of Population and Housing 2011" 16786: 16702: 16649: 16273:Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (2003). 16266: 15747:Introduction: Between Two Civilizations 15564: 15562: 15534:Borderland Lives in Northern South Asia 15530: 15473: 14794: 14533: 13695:Ness, Immanuel, ed. (4 February 2013). 13612: 13282:Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis (2014). 13026: 12930: 12846: 12617: 12562: 12481: 12354:. BRILL Academic. pp. 1–9, 15–16. 12308: 12269: 12257: 12097: 12046: 11862: 11583:The Oxford handbook of global religions 11192:South Asia: Data, Projects and Research 11041: 10977: 10538:. SAARC Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal. 10393:"How South Asia Will Save Global Islam" 10291: 10134:"Nationalism Takes Root: The Moderates" 9734: 9515: 9337: 8226:The foundation of Pakistan lies in the 7441: 24731: 20559: 20300: 20256: 20223: 20182: 20115: 19746: 19541: 18619: 18356: 18212: 18191: 17875:from the original on 24 September 2015 17242: 17208: 16800:from the original on 28 September 2007 16660:"CIA The World Factbook – Afghanistan" 16563: 16561: 16462: 16424:Zielser, B; Turin, M (21 April 2011). 16410: 16245: 15791: 15429:Social Dynamics in Northern South Asia 14588:. Oxford University Press. p. 40. 14429:Ramachandran, Sudha (21 August 2023). 14358: 14356: 14335:"A historical timeline of Afghanistan" 14200: 14198: 14171: 14169: 13784: 13756: 13736:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 644. 13547: 13545: 13399: 13256: 13032: 12958: 12793:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 20–23. 12712: 12233: 12133: 12109: 12007: 11992: 11980: 11956: 11920: 11903: 11850: 11838: 11766: 11616:(2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 3. 11531:from the original on 19 September 2015 11456: 11424: 11008: 10907:. Methuen & Co. pp. 440–444. 10874: 10600:Cooperation and Conflict in South Asia 10449: 10216:Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009), 10163: 10076: 10054: 10023: 9943: 9920: 9897: 9874: 9768: 9696: 9639: 9530:HDRO (Human Development Report Office) 8388:becoming a secular democratic republic 5246: 3453: 3398: 3130:. Geographically, it lies between the 3039: 2450:Most of this region is resting on the 1685:during 2600–1900 BCE, the mature phase 1481:Indian subcontinent § Geopolitics 1474: 1234:rule of the British East India Company 23696: 23229: 21210: 20991: 20533: 20404: 20232: 20169:, Rowman Altamira, pp. 141–156, 19887: 19819: 19610:from the original on 11 November 2013 19516: 19437: 19400: 19274: 19169:(27.1 Winter 2003–04). Archived from 19157: 19145: 18852:. electionaffairs.com. Archived from 18759: 18650: 18492:from the original on 18 December 2008 18164: 18134: 17797: 17703:from the original on 15 February 2015 17312: 16826:from the original on 11 February 2013 16690:(in Bengali). US department of States 16546:from the original on 29 December 2016 16466:Himalayan Languages: Past and Present 15888: 15127:from the original on 12 November 2021 14807:The Encyclopedia of World Climatology 14768:from the original on 10 February 2017 14719: 14669:, page 152, Srikrishna Prapnnachari, 14579: 14480: 14454: 14388: 14307: 13729: 13613:Persaud, Alexander (27 August 2020), 13521: 13447: 13353:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 13349: 13217: 12813: 12757: 12551: 12347: 12329:from the original on 26 November 2016 12290:from the original on 26 November 2016 12034: 11968: 11944: 11932: 11710: 11278:from the original on 20 December 2016 11248:from the original on 20 December 2016 11154:from the original on 18 December 2018 11126:, page 166, Pearson Education India, 10899: 10802:from the original on 10 November 2015 10693: 10596: 10542:from the original on 16 December 2013 10236:from the original on 13 December 2016 10108: 9975: 9852: 9826: 9788: 9624: 3804:Population projection (in thousands) 3298: 3106: 2946:By 2030, major Indian cities such as 1693:, which spread and flourished in the 22773:Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 20438: 20203: 19789:Burnell, P. J.; Calvert, P. (1999), 19591: 19573:. Ministry of External Affairs, 1998 19542:Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali (18 May 1974), 19481:. Shipra Publications. p. 198. 19247:"History of India and Greater India" 18632:from the original on 12 January 2009 18314: 18226: 18152:from the original on 10 October 2017 17287: 17221:from the original on 19 January 2023 16869:Statistical Yearbook of Nepal – 2013 16218: 16174:from the original on 5 February 2019 15852: 15559: 15531:Gellner, David, ed. (3 March 2014). 14507:Tanveer Ahmad Khan (24 April 2023). 13694: 12434:from the original on 5 February 2017 12413: 12394:from the original on 9 December 2016 12276:. BRILL Academic. pp. 144–153. 11640:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 11497:Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, 11488:, pages 1, Adams Littlefield, 1976, 11409:. Taylor & Francis. p. 10. 11365:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 10982:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 2710. 10699: 10513:from the original on 7 February 2017 10480:from the original on 10 October 2017 10403:from the original on 8 February 2017 10334: 10258: 9803: 9661: 9556: 9533:United Nations Development Programme 8845:in 1998, just 18 days after India's 8702: 3190:and 25% of South Asia's population. 2366:Indian subcontinent § Geography 2305:military dominance of its government 2138:to the British government after the 1435:, for statistical purpose, includes 22048:Northern Triangle temperate forests 21236: 20313:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 19918: 19326:"India: The In-Between Great Power" 19106: 19048:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2019" 18792: 18041:Nations, United (17 October 2022). 18009: 17243:Taneja, Nidhima (27 January 2023). 16963: 16822:. Law.emory.edu. 21 February 1920. 16623:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 1–2, 7–10. 16558: 16342: 16310:, Script Features and Description, 16092:Kamalakaran, Ajay (23 March 2022). 15839: 15313:from the original on 2 January 2022 14353: 14195: 14166: 14092:Mir, Asfandyar (28 February 2023). 14091: 13834:Dalrymple, William (22 June 2015). 13810: 13542: 13453: 13390:, Oxford University Press, page 437 13284:The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies 13261:. New York: Routledge. p. 96. 12245: 12121: 11335:Geographical region and composition 11048:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 386. 10681:from the original on 7 October 2017 9706:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 8408:2015–2017 Nepal humanitarian crisis 2256:becoming the independent nation of 2189: 387:Official languages (national level) 13: 24683:Meitei classical language movement 20332: 20239:A History of India, Second Edition 19925:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 19870:The Hindus: An Alternative History 19345: 18760:Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (1994). 18691:"India: world's largest democracy" 17693:"Poverty & Equity Data Portal" 17506:from the original on 7 August 2011 17380:from the original on 17 April 2015 17209:Khosla, Varuni (17 January 2023). 15777:South Asia’s Geography of Conflict 15663:Crow, B.; Singh, Nirvikar (2008). 15443:Daurio, Maya; Turin, Mark (2020). 15030:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment 15026:"Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya" 14985:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment 14936:The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment 14600:Understanding Earthquake Disasters 14455:Kumar, Navtan (30 November 2019). 14248: 13238:from the original on 30 March 2017 13144:from the original on 28 March 2019 13074:Catherine Blanshard Asher (1992). 12067:from the original on 18 April 2017 11797:, pages 172–175, Routledge, 2008, 11699:from the original on 24 April 2016 11218:from the original on 15 March 2015 11073:United Nations Cartographic Centre 10730:An Atlas of Middle Eastern Affairs 10188:, London and New York: Routledge, 9372:Michaels: "They called themselves 9268: 7519:List of legislatures in South Asia 7452:Expanded Programme on Immunization 7228: 6792:Population under-nourished (2015) 5727: 5681: 5635: 5589: 5543: 5497: 5451: 5405: 5359: 5313: 4609:, however speakers write with the 3206:Parts of Gujarat were the site of 2994:Observed glacier mass loss in the 2983:under all but the lowest-emission 2173:for Indian Muslims, and those who 2037:. Two of the religious leaders of 1387:is also included by some sources. 1284:geographical region in the world. 14: 24760: 24688:Meitei linguistic purism movement 20357: 20348:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009), 20245:, Wiley-Blackwell, archived from 20038:A Concise History of Modern India 19567:"Official press release by India" 19078:"Worldwide Governance Indicators" 19054:. 24 January 2020. Archived from 18989: 18622:"'Hunger critical' in South Asia" 18620:Pandey, Geeta (13 October 2006). 18456:"Lost — The battle against polio" 18122:from the original on 30 June 2018 17477:from the original on 28 July 2011 16783:and 0.23% irreligious population. 16637:from the original on 10 June 2016 16351:from the original on 1 April 2015 14534:Schuman, Michael (1 March 2023). 14481:Kundu, Kimtee (1 February 2023). 14395:Elements in Religion and Violence 13892: 13123:Developing cultures: case studies 12420:. BRILL Academic. pp. 1–10. 12368:from the original on 29 June 2016 12315:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 188. 12146:Klimburg-Salter, Deborah (1989). 11568:Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, 11542:Judith Schott & Alix Henley, 11354:"Asia" > Geology and Geography 10571:from the original on 11 July 2017 9408:China claims Indian-administered 8713:Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts 3270:. Thereafter, the area was under 3154:, and has a climate ranging from 2910: 2524:, before rifting away during the 2458:, separated from the rest of the 1746:to 500 BCE. The Indo-Aryans were 1634:. For a chronological guide, see 1185:had emerged within Hinduism, and 20688: 20495: 20480: 20472: 20457: 19678: 19652: 19535: 19498: 19470: 19431: 19406: 19339: 19314: 19212: 19151: 19100: 19088:from the original on 5 July 2014 19070: 19040: 19002:from the original on 2 July 2014 18983: 18961: 18947: 18926: 18868: 18793:Nix, Elizabeth (9 August 2016). 18786: 18753: 18712:Krithika, R. (21 January 2016). 18705: 18683: 18651:Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). 18644: 18601:from the original on 4 June 2015 18583: 18558: 18532: 18507: 18478: 18466:from the original on 5 June 2015 18447: 18429: 18417:from the original on 16 May 2015 18399: 18387:from the original on 1 July 2015 18369: 18347:"Girls' Education in South Asia" 18305:"Girls' Education in South Asia" 18297: 18285: 18249: 18104: 18049: 18034: 17887: 17791: 17765: 17740: 17715: 17685: 17675: 17637: 17613: 17595: 17518: 17392: 17366: 17340: 17306: 17262: 17236: 17202: 17187: 17157: 17131: 17106: 17088:"South Asia's cricket obsession" 17080: 17041: 17014: 16989: 16888: 16860: 16838: 16773: 16610: 16585: 16532: 16502: 16363: 16336: 16317: 16199:. United Nations. Archived from 16186: 16130: 16111: 16085: 16058: 16032: 15999: 15966: 15951: 15926: 15882: 15867: 15833: 15785: 15770: 15737: 15712: 15686: 15656: 15643: 15637: 15588: 15524: 15467: 15436: 15419: 15370: 15325: 15254: 15228: 15171: 15113: 14809:, page 115-117, Springer, 2005, 14699: 14679: 14659: 14639: 14612: 14592: 14573: 14553: 14527: 14500: 14474: 14448: 14382: 14327: 14301: 14268: 14242: 14216: 14141: 14119: 14085: 14060: 14045: 14022: 13989: 13964: 13938: 13912: 13886: 13861: 13827: 13804: 13750: 13730:D, J.M.S.P.; Demy, T.J. (2017). 13688: 13663: 13606: 13568: 13552:Sullivan, Dylan; Hickel, Jason. 13528:. Peter Owen. pp. 113–124. 13515: 13483: 13435: 13420: 13393: 13374: 13343: 13300: 13275: 13250: 13198: 13186:from the original on 29 May 2016 13156: 13094:from the original on 18 May 2016 13067: 12979: 12962:Assam's history and its graphics 12952: 12902: 12870: 12791:Islam in the Indian Subcontinent 12779: 12731: 12693: 12663: 12654: 12638: 12611: 12586: 12454:"History in Chronological Order" 12407: 12380: 12341: 12302: 12200: 12173: 11436:New Oxford Dictionary of English 11098:Current Affairs – Security Watch 11092:Sarkar, Sudeshna (16 May 2007). 11021:Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby, 10828:from the original on 1 June 2017 10617:from the original on 16 May 2016 9505:"GDP per capita, current prices" 9209: 9195: 9192: 9179: 9176: 9157: 9154: 9129: 9126: 9107: 9075: 9051: 9048: 9015: 9012: 8992: 8989: 8960: 8957: 8806:as an independent country. With 8477:strictly as the state religion. 8422:problem in South Asia. When the 8292:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 8155: 8137: 8120: 8106: 8046: 8036: 7974: 7964: 7906: 7896: 7847: 7837: 7777: 7767: 7707: 7697: 7639: 7629: 7560: 7554:Coat of arms / National Emblems 7243:National Stock Exchange of India 7182: 7135: 7088: 7041: 6994: 6947: 6900: 6853: 6738: 6737: 6683: 6682: 6665: 6664: 6634: 6614: 6613: 6596: 6595: 6565: 6545: 6544: 6527: 6526: 6496: 6476: 6475: 6458: 6457: 6427: 6407: 6406: 6389: 6388: 6358: 6338: 6337: 6320: 6319: 6289: 6269: 6268: 6251: 6250: 6220: 6200: 6199: 6182: 6181: 6139: 6018:GDP in nominal terms and is the 5857:This section is an excerpt from 5754:This section is an excerpt from 5715: 5669: 5623: 5577: 5531: 5485: 5439: 5393: 5347: 5301: 5193: 5145: 5095: 5052: 5000: 4949: 4899: 4855: 4740: Religion not known (0.22%) 4241: 4184: 4127: 4070: 4013: 3956: 3899: 3842: 3697: 3670: 3643: 3616: 3589: 3562: 3535: 3508: 3304:This section is an excerpt from 3199:This section is an excerpt from 3146:, flow into the sea through the 2548:mountain ranges and east of the 2210: 2198: 1804:, was the most prominent icons. 1580: 1571: 1560: 1551: 1536: 969: 957: 945: 933: 921: 909: 897: 885: 873: 861: 851: 363: 331: 307: 294: 281: 268: 255: 242: 229: 111: 110: 21176:Indian Institutes of Technology 21158:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 21087:South Asian Football Federation 20284:Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide 20077:. University of Chicago Press. 19741:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005 18969:"The world factbook-Bangladesh" 16969:"Demographia World Urban Areas" 15961:http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/ 15159:from the original on 5 May 2021 14561:Geopolitics of the world system 14513:Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs 14052:Russia and India: A New Chapter 14028: 13895:"How British India was divided" 13707:10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm501 12053:. Westminster John Knox Press. 11807: 11787: 11731: 11633: 11450: 11370: 11347: 11328: 11309: 11290: 11260: 11230: 11204: 11185: 11166: 11136: 11116: 11085: 11035: 10996: 10971: 10952: 10932: 10919: 10893: 10840: 10768: 10748: 10629: 10309: 10284: 9402: 9393: 9366: 9354: 9331: 9321: 9258:South Asian Football Federation 8943: 8800:various confrontations and wars 8612:Political stability and absence 8414:leading to serious concerns of 8366:By the 18th century, the Hindu 8296:Sri Lankan Tamil militant group 7292:Lower class school in Sri Lanka 5801:Traditional games of South Asia 4515:use the Nastaliq script, while 3194:Central-West Coastal South Asia 2454:, the northerly portion of the 2439: 2317:. Afghanistan has gone through 2066:British Indian Empire in 1909. 1858: 1636:Timeline of South Asian history 1409:South Asia Free Trade Agreement 842:10 largest cities in South Asia 21573:Mongolian–Manchurian grassland 21376:Mongolian–Manchurian grassland 20376:South Asian and Himalayan Arts 20268:. Vol. 1. Penguin Books. 20143:. Cambridge University Press. 19895:. Cambridge University Press. 19853:, Cambridge University Press, 19774:. Cambridge University Press. 19753:. Cambridge University Press. 19465:American scholar Allen Mcgrath 19251:La Lettre du Collège de France 18280:Girls' Education in South Asia 17990:. October 2019. Archived from 17465:"UNGEGN List of Country Names" 17347:Ventura, Luca (18 July 2023). 17303:Outlook Database, October 2018 16369:Shamsur Rahman Faruqi (2008), 15601:Journal of Borderlands Studies 15335:Global Climate Risk Index 2017 14584:The Silk Road in World History 14149:"India's rise is beyond doubt" 14055:https://carnegieendowment.org/ 13763:. Princeton University Press. 13310:; Waghmar, Burzine K. (2004). 12124:, pp. 9–11, 14–15, 19–20. 11461:. Greenwood Press. p. 2. 11407:The Changing Geography of Asia 10879:. Greenwood Press. p. 1. 10597:Ghosh, Partha Sarathy (1989). 10367:"South Asia Regional Overview" 10222:, Cambridge University Press, 9597:The Changing Geography of Asia 9562: 9497: 9479: 9461: 9304: 8858:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 8709:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 8406:by India leading to the grave 6096:(in millions) (2022) (%Share) 6081:(in millions) (2022) (%Share) 5786:Category:Culture of South Asia 3344:were powerful families of the 2905:Intertropical Convergence Zone 2863:The Himalayas and most of the 1774:movements, of which Mahavira ( 1673: 1648: 1632:Outline of South Asian history 1420:United Nations Children's Fund 1411:admitted Afghanistan in 2011. 1373:British Indian Ocean Territory 1102:British Indian Ocean Territory 371:British Indian Ocean Territory 1: 23504:Protected areas in Tamil Nadu 22400:Meghalaya subtropical forests 20496: 20458: 20431:Places adjacent to South Asia 19969:, in Kitagawa, Joseph (ed.), 19910:Gombrich, Richard F. (2006), 19245:Fussman, Gérard (2008–2009). 19125:10.1080/25751654.2022.2156252 18910:. 18 May 2009. Archived from 18695:BBC Learning Zone Class Clips 17979:"Global wealth databook 2019" 17798:Kumar, Manoj (17 July 2023). 17436:"Field Listing :: Names" 17066:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00144-x 16497:Bhatia & Baumgardner 2008 16277:. Routledge. pp. 75–77. 15974:"Setting the record straight" 15672:Munich Personal RePEc Archive 15614:10.1080/08865655.2023.2226404 14308:Sinha, Shishir (7 May 2023). 13356:. W. W. Norton. p. 234. 12676:The Cambridge History of Iran 12650:10.1080/02757206.1994.9960832 11814:Bongard-Levin, G. M. (1979). 10758:, page 127, Routledge, 2009, 10637:An Introduction to South Asia 9418: 9341: 8743:third highest military budget 7280:, oldest secondary school of 6834:in billion USD (global rank) 6781:Population below poverty line 5253:Demographia World Urban Areas 4519:in India use the Gurmukhi or 3762: 3001:region since the 20th century 2570:Köppen climate classification 2295:Pakistan has been beset with 1977: 1790: 1775: 1740: 1698: 1325: 20652: 20481: 20473: 20352:, Princeton University Press 20343:, Princeton University Press 20228:, Cambridge University Press 19940:Hanhimaki, Jussi M. (2004), 19107:Lou, Chunhao (3 July 2022). 18850:"Political Parties in India" 18542:. World Bank. Archived from 17313:Dhoot, Vikas (31 May 2023). 16044:Harvard International Review 15205:10.1080/17565529.2014.977761 14487:Harvard International Review 13077:Architecture of Mughal India 12618:Barnett, Lionel D. (1999) . 12273:Handbook of Oriental Studies 10639:, pages 1, Routledge, 1993, 9423: 9235:List of territorial disputes 8893:Regional groups of countries 8547:Corruption Perceptions Index 8290:led to the emergence of the 7411:Secondary School Enrollment 7268: 6801:Global wealth report (2019) 4634: 4415:Arabic alphabet and Persian 4363: 2517:formerly formed part of the 2359: 1330: 7: 23558:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 22585:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 20287:, Oxford University Press, 19948:, Oxford University Press, 19893:An Introduction to Hinduism 19873:. Oxford University Press. 19377:Strategic Monitor 2018–2019 19022:"Fragile States Index 2020" 18714:"Celebrate the supreme law" 18540:"Agriculture in South Asia" 18146:International Monetary Fund 17949:"Global wealth report 2019" 17607:International Monetary Fund 17581:International Monetary Fund 17555:International Monetary Fund 17530:International Monetary Fund 17299:International Monetary Fund 16617:Balabanlilar, Lisa (2012). 16393:The World's Writing Systems 15820:"States Reorganization Act" 15724:Climate in Arts and History 15698:Mongabay Environmental News 15123:. News18. 5 November 2021. 15038:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_8 14993:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7 14944:10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_3 13629:(inactive 27 August 2024), 13381:The Oxford History of India 12847:Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2003). 12764:The Oxford History of India 12186:. Vintage. pp. 84–85. 12180:Crossette, Barbara (1996). 11773:. BRILL. pp. xv, 112. 11025:, page 3, Routledge, 2006, 10847:Saul Bernard Cohen (2008). 10353:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 10087:Manchester University Press 9600:. Routledge. pp. 10–. 9509:International Monetary Fund 9491:International Monetary Fund 9473:International Monetary Fund 9202: 8463:is a Buddhist state with a 8400:April 2015 Nepal earthquake 8278:constitutional republic of 7263:International Monetary Fund 7221: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7100: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6939: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6681: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6612: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6543: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6474: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6405: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6336: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6267: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6198: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 5748: 3428:South Asian cultural sphere 2432:, the Indian Ocean and the 2350:America and other countries 2150:, impelled by the economic/ 1704:to 1300 BCE in present-day 1200:In the early medieval era, 10: 24765: 23759:list by number of speakers 21181:Inventions and discoveries 21153:Sino-Indian border dispute 20900:Human rights in South Asia 20686: 20370:Digital South Asia Library 20339:Anthony, David W. (2007), 20064:Hinduism. Past and present 20043:Cambridge University Press 19709: 19052:Transparency International 18837:Burnell & Calvert 1999 18825:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 18665:Combating Terrorism Center 18238:Brinkmann, Suzana (2018). 18180:Brinkmann, Suzana (2018). 16380:, Shibli Academy, Azamgarh 15877:https://www.asianz.org.nz/ 15864:Aditya Gowdara Shivamurthy 15862:https://www.orfonline.org/ 15780:https://www.files.ethz.ch/ 15576:(Opinion). 25 October 2022 13601:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 12709:Columbia University (2010) 12530:Shokoohy, Mehrdad (1988). 11652:Robert Wynn Jones (2011). 11005:, Jane's Information Group 10304:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 9444:"Overall total population" 9248:South Asia Olympic Council 8824:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 8706: 8331:can be characterized as a 8264:can be characterized as a 7553: 7516: 7382:Primary School Enrollment 6757: 5947: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5856: 5794: 5783: 5777: 5773: 5753: 4728: Christianity (0.47%) 4644: 4638: 4593:is spoken in Ladakh. Both 4367: 4349: 4239: 4182: 4125: 4068: 4011: 3954: 3897: 3840: 3755: 3751: 3695: 3668: 3641: 3614: 3587: 3560: 3533: 3506: 3457: 3303: 3198: 3032: 3028: 2914: 2844:climate in northwest India 2714:, humid summer, dry winter 2559: 2443: 2369: 2363: 2110:. After the defeat of the 1862: 1855:were built in South Asia. 1640: 1629: 1625: 1540: 1478: 1424:Hirschman–Herfindahl index 1391:Organisational definitions 1226:networks of medieval Islam 25: 18: 24660: 24617: 24597: 24579: 24511: 24478: 24445: 24438: 24411: 24323: 24300: 24277: 24239: 24201: 24183: 24150: 24122: 24089: 23919: 23874: 23831: 23808: 23799: 23731: 23627: 23576: 23550: 23517: 23441: 23425: 23389: 23264: 22630: 22183: 22015: 21830: 21461: 21248: 21166: 21140: 21117: 21072: 21005: 20940: 20886: 20863: 20785: 20697: 20567: 20436: 20319:(4): 1–26, archived from 20224:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 19962:Hiltebeitel, Alf (2007), 19592:Muhammad, Jamshed Iqbal. 19517:Burne, Lester H. (2003). 19160:"Is India a Major Power?" 18045:(Report). United Nations. 17502:. Europa. 9 August 2011. 16071:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 15537:. Duke University Press. 15341:. Bonn: Germanwatch e.V. 15281:10.1007/978-3-319-26357-1 15091:10.1038/s41893-019-0305-3 14753:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 14665:Srikrishna Prapnnachari, 14057:Rajan Menon, Eugene Rumer 13431:. Routledge. p. 161. 12992:The New Islamic Dynasties 12987:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund 12959:Pathak, Guptajit (2008). 12593:Heathcote, T. A. (1995). 12515:10.1080/00856407408730690 12482:Pirbhai, M. Reza (2009). 12348:Spink, Walter M. (2005). 12270:Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). 11795:Regionalism in South Asia 11517:. Butterworth-Heinemann. 10142:Columbia University Press 8672:Voice and accountability 8583:Government Effectiveness 8577: 8545: 8514: 8485: 8481:Governance and stability 8451:least developed countries 8258:Pakistani Prime ministers 8193:formation of its republic 8059:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 7872: 7460:World Health Organization 7410: 7381: 7352: 7239:10th largest in the world 6800: 6794: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6058: 5851: 5790: 4812: 4809: 4806: 3803: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3779: 3776: 3758:South Asian ethnic groups 3208:Indus Valley civilisation 3097:Indus Valley Civilisation 2400:Geography of the Maldives 2282:contributed to the divide 2274:Bangladesh Liberation War 2171:favored a separate nation 2156:Western political thought 1691:Indus Valley civilization 1683:Indus Valley civilisation 1630:For a topical guide, see 1467:to the southwest and the 1379:may be included as well. 1266:Bangladesh Liberation War 1143:Indus Valley Civilisation 986: 834: 824: 779: 663: 380: 347: 214: 196: 158: 125: 106: 96: 88: 73: 69:362.3/km (938/sq mi) 65: 57: 49: 40: 22699:Greater and Lesser Tunbs 21896:Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga 21148:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 20350:Empires of the Silk Road 20071:Michell, George (1977). 20007:Maddison, Angus (2003). 19990:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 19207:Ali & Aitchison 2005 19167:The Washington Quarterly 18934:"2A. The state religion" 18570:Compassion International 18488:. The World Bank. 2009. 18266:3 September 2020 at the 16896:"Population by Religion" 16736:13 December 2016 at the 16710:"CIA The World Factbook" 16682: 16574:14 December 2007 at the 16275:The Indo-Aryan Languages 15488:10.4324/9781003198345-17 14667:Concepts in Frame Design 14461:The Sunday Guardian Live 14094:"Pakistan's Twin Crises" 13757:McLane, John R. (1977). 13444:by Joseph Michaud p. 143 13218:Singh, Pashaura (2006). 12853:. Manohar. p. 325. 12705:11 December 2013 at the 11570:Asian Power and Politics 11359:23 February 2012 at the 10964:20 February 2012 at the 10901:Keith, Arthur Berriedale 10733:. Routledge. p. 5. 9704:. In Gavin Flood (ed.). 9297: 8578:The Worldwide Governance 8392:1990 Nepalese revolution 8355:, with some pushing for 8298:and the outbreak of the 8069:constitutional republic 7947:House of Representatives 7929:constitutional republic 7870:constitutional republic 7800:constitutional republic 7337:Institute of Engineering 7284:, established in 1854 CE 7247:9th largest in the world 5915: 4627:of South Asia (see also 3011:greenhouse gas emissions 2985:climate change scenarios 2899:, low pressure over the 2380:Geography of Afghanistan 2342:fighting on their border 2160:Indian National Congress 2140:Indian Rebellion of 1857 1781:–477 BCE), proponent of 1731:Maurya Empire in 250 BCE 1341:United Nations geoscheme 1193:had arisen, proclaiming 100:$ 2,650 (nominal) (2024) 24193:Sri Lankan Creole Malay 23725:languages of South Asia 20955:Archaeological cultures 20447:Central Asia, East Asia 20397:, Asia Development Bank 20391:, Brookings Institution 20372:, University of Chicago 20281:Trainor, Kevin (2004), 20204:Saez, Lawrence (2012), 19993:, Infobase Publishing, 19867:Doniger, Wendy (2010). 18116:Pakistan Stock Exchange 17645:"Download IHDI dataset" 17353:Global Finance Magazine 16850:7 December 2010 at the 16580:Encyclopædia Britannica 16376:26 October 2012 at the 15396:10.1515/jsall-2021-2029 15184:Climate and Development 14786:3 February 2012 at the 14732:Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci 13522:Singh, Patwant (2008). 13495:The Sikhs of the Punjab 13350:White, Matthew (2011). 13204:Pashaura Singh (2005), 12965:. Mittal. p. 124. 12947:Encyclopædia Britannica 12910:Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. 12744:19 October 2016 at the 12728:Encyclopædia Britannica 12309:Lockard, Craig (2007). 12170:(Reprinted by Shambala) 12047:Neusner, Jacob (2009). 11433:"Indian subcontinent". 11388:Encyclopædia Britannica 11321:25 October 2012 at the 11173:Global Summitry Project 11042:Robbins, Keith (2012). 10978:Haggett, Peter (2001). 10774:Navnita Chadha Behera, 10661:Razzaque, Jona (2004). 10635:Bertram Hughes Farmer, 10347:21 January 2012 at the 10047:Asher & Talbot 2006 10006:Asher & Talbot 2006 9991:Asher & Talbot 2006 9959:Asher & Talbot 2006 9913:Asher & Talbot 2006 9746:Oxford University Press 9670:Oxford University Press 9574:Encyclopædia Britannica 8922:Capital or Secretariat 8847:series of nuclear tests 8804:emergence of Bangladesh 8465:constitutional monarchy 8412:Prime Minister of Nepal 8341:parliamentary democracy 7731:constitutional monarchy 7663:constitutional republic 7608:Leadership Council 7508:Governance and politics 7259:Pakistan Stock Exchange 6844:Median wealth per adult 6127:Inequality-adjusted HDI 5296:National Capital Region 4533:areas, often using the 4482:adopted writing systems 4370:Languages of South Asia 3801:Population growth rate 3460:Exclusive economic zone 3418:, and is predominantly 3356:were ruled by numerous 3306:Central India § History 3201:Western India § History 3093:Northwestern South Asia 3088:Northwestern South Asia 2876:Khasi and Jaintia Hills 2498:. It may be noted that 2384:Geography of Bangladesh 2346:dominance of South Asia 2344:, as well as vying for 2310:economic liberalisation 2252:, which concluded with 2250:1971 Indo-Pakistani war 1823:of Afghanistan and the 1668:Bhimbetka rock shelters 1377:Tibet Autonomous Region 1197:unlinked to heredity. 84:$ 18.05 trillion (2024) 23568:Atolls of the Maldives 23366:Chittagong Hill Tracts 22956:Anti-Lebanon Mountains 22395:Western Coastal Plains 22383:Eastern Coastal Plains 22109:Philippine Archipelago 22088:Indonesian Archipelago 21736:Central Mountain Range 21659:Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau 21489:Northeastern Japan Arc 21168:Science and technology 20381:6 October 2017 at the 20140:Language in South Asia 20116:Neelis, Jason (2011). 19771:Language in South Asia 19750:Language in South Asia 19552:on 18 September 2011, 19260:10.4000/lettre-cdf.756 19195:Buzan & Wæver 2003 18515:"World Bank Open Data" 18362:Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, 17921:"Global wealth report" 15889:Cohen, Walter (2017). 15792:Neelis, Jason (2010). 14389:Malji, Andrea (2022). 13257:Seiple, Chris (2013). 11082:Retrieved 18 June 2015 10700:Mann, Michael (2014). 10470:"Region: Asia-Pacific" 10432:. 2012. Archived from 10219:The Partition of India 10077:Taylor, Miles (2016), 9748:, pp. xviii, 10, 9662:Lowe, John J. (2015). 8791: 8726: 8614:of violence/terrorism 8325:parliamentary republic 8184:parliamentary republic 7488: 7455: 7347: 7301: 7293: 7285: 7255:Colombo Stock Exchange 6376:$ 11,665,490 (77.74%) 5987: 5979: 5950:Economy of Afghanistan 5814: 5732: 5686: 5640: 5594: 5548: 5502: 5456: 5410: 5364: 5318: 4676: 4647:Religion in Bangladesh 4641:Religion in South Asia 4411: 4379: 3002: 2927: 2917:Climate change in Asia 2794: 2392:Geography of Sri Lanka 2335:Bharatiya Janata Party 2261: 2235:vast majority of India 2075: 1995: 1917:Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad 1911: 1877: 1807:The Greek army led by 1732: 1686: 1609:Greater Southwest Asia 1494: 1400: 1344: 1282:most densely populated 1260:and a Muslim-majority 1159:Indo-European language 1044:of South Asia include 92:$ 5.04 trillion (2024) 22834:Eastern Mediterranean 22548:Trans-Karakoram Tract 22074:Greater Sunda Islands 21563:Northeast China Plain 21441:Trans-Karakoram Tract 21273:Greater Middle East 21047:Religious persecution 20905:Religious nationalism 20765:European and Eurasian 20569:Countries and regions 19845:; Wæver, Ole (2003), 19827:. Cambridge: Polity. 19720:Earth-Science Reviews 19381:Clingendael Institute 19322:Wallerstein, Immanuel 18207:Education: South Asia 18057:"World Poverty Clock" 17777:The Business Standard 17438:. CIA. Archived from 17197:https://olympics.com/ 17054:The Lancet Psychiatry 16686:[Bangladesh] 16469:. Walter de Gruyter. 16314:(2013), United States 16232:on 27 September 2016. 15543:10.26530/oapen_625238 15449:Eurasia Border Review 15071:Nature Sustainability 14403:10.1017/9781108919050 13701:(1 ed.). Wiley. 13556:(Opinion). Al Jazeera 13400:Bowman, John (2005). 13386:26 March 2016 at the 13318:. Reaktion. pp. 13036:(10 September 2009). 12942:27 April 2015 at the 12724:27 April 2015 at the 11484:Milton Walter Meyer, 11457:McLeod, John (2002). 11302:19 March 2009 at the 11197:14 April 2008 at the 10875:McLeod, John (2002). 9787:and Artharva)." (d) 9710:John Wiley & Sons 9702:"Vedas and Upanisads" 9469:"GDP, current prices" 9361:Jones & Ryan 2006 8851:thermonuclear weapons 8814:but later entered an 8785: 8724: 8416:political instability 8312:Sinhalese nationalism 8163:Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban 7513:Systems of government 7483: 7449: 7335: 7299: 7291: 7276: 7235:Bombay Stock Exchange 6846:in USD (global rank) 6832:Total national wealth 6798:(2019) (global rank) 6583:$ 1,512,476 (10.08%) 6370:$ 3,468,566 (78.35%) 5994:in nominal terms and 5985: 5977: 5954:Economy of Bangladesh 5948:Further information: 5944:Economy of South Asia 5808: 5780:Culture of South Asia 5731: 5685: 5639: 5593: 5547: 5501: 5455: 5409: 5363: 5317: 4674: 4667:Religion in Sri Lanka 4645:Further information: 4408: 4377: 3769:most populated region 3470:dependent territories 3035:Regions of South Asia 3007:social cost of carbon 2993: 2924: 2787:Continental Subarctic 2567: 2504:Yarlung Tsangpo River 2456:Indo-Australian Plate 2376:Geography of Pakistan 2370:Further information: 2327:Religious nationalism 2270:disputes over Kashmir 2266:clashed several times 2247: 2175:wanted a united India 2096:proto-industrializing 2065: 2035:religious persecution 2000:modern history period 1994:in Mughal Court, 1650 1985: 1902: 1872: 1770:. These ideas led to 1730: 1681: 1488: 1459:in the west, and the 1398: 1338: 1252:into two independent 1246:technological changes 1080:. South Asia borders 22430:Little Rann of Kutch 22079:Lesser Sunda Islands 21531:Greater Central Asia 21484:Japanese Archipelago 21196:Traditional medicine 19797:Taylor & Francis 19445:The Idea of Pakistan 18762:India's Constitution 18519:World Bank Open Data 16876:on 18 September 2016 16540:"Region: South Asia" 16137:Baten, Jörg (2016). 16124:4 April 2013 at the 15461:10.14943/ebr.10.1.21 15358:on 25 September 2017 15267:. Springer Climate. 15032:. pp. 257–299. 14987:. pp. 209–255. 14880:10.1029/2023EF003583 14865:(8): e2023EF003583. 14685:A. M. Celâl Şengör, 14559:Saul Bernard Cohen, 13976:www.historytoday.com 13211:3 March 2016 at the 13114:Lawrence E. Harrison 12737:Firoz Shah Tughlak, 12719:Muḥammad ibn Tughluq 12100:, pp. 103, 119. 11581:Mark Juergensmeyer, 11459:The History of India 11340:13 July 2011 at the 11178:12 July 2020 at the 11078:30 June 2017 at the 10877:The History of India 10377:on 21 November 2008. 8839:nuclear test in 1974 8812:Non-Aligned Movement 8810:, India founded the 8516:Fragile States Index 8372:unification of Nepal 8329:Bangladeshi politics 8300:Sri Lankan Civil War 7442:Health and nutrition 7251:Dhaka Stock Exchange 6238:$ 1,345,646 (8.97%) 6100:GDP (PPP) per capita 6016:world's 33rd largest 6000:G-20 major economies 5970:Economy of Sri Lanka 5765:, also known as the 5763:South Asian diaspora 5756:South Asian diaspora 4792:saw conquest by the 4750:, about 510 million 4734: Others (2.68%) 4710:Buddhism and Jainism 4663:Religion in Pakistan 3077:separatist movements 2973:Infectious diarrhoea 2892:Indus-Gangetic Plain 2804:Indo-Gangetic plains 2727:Subtropical highland 2540:region south of the 2148:throughout the world 2132:de-industrialisation 2070:is shaded pink, the 1929:Muhammad bin Tughlaq 1613:Greater Central Asia 1508:The use of the term 1433:scheme of subregions 1311:and 25 million 1262:Dominion of Pakistan 102:$ 9,470 (PPP) (2024) 26:For other uses, see 24708:Pure Tamil movement 24264:Southern Nicobarese 23449:Indo-Gangetic plain 22636:(not to be confused 22425:Great Rann of Kutch 22378:Indo-Gangetic Plain 22373:Indus Valley Desert 22242:Indian subcontinent 22064:Peninsular Malaysia 21911:Kamchatka Peninsula 21494:Sakhalin Island Arc 21127:South Asian studies 20653:South Asian regions 20159:Possehl, Gregory L. 19914:, London: Routledge 19733:2005ESRv...72..169A 19640:on 11 November 2013 19477:V.K. Nayar (2005). 19176:on 27 February 2008 19158:Perkovich, George. 18996:The Washington Post 18908:Ministry of Defence 18701:on 14 January 2011. 18671:on 11 February 2022 18486:"World Bank Report" 18325:. Bangkok: UNESCO. 17838:on 25 February 2022 17832:Global Hunger Index 16905:: 1. Archived from 16845:Maldives – Religion 16542:. 27 January 2011. 16499:, pp. 391–394. 16345:"Devanagari script" 16329:28 May 2012 at the 16306:2 July 2017 at the 16301:Devanagari (Nagari) 16263:, pp. 419–423. 16248:, pp. 122–127. 16206:on 16 December 2017 15273:2018bicc.book.....I 15196:2014CliDe...6..293A 15083:2019NatSu...2..594B 14871:2023EaFut..1103583G 14781:Final Revised Paper 14744:2007HESS...11.1633P 14580:Xinru, Liu (2010). 13308:Schimmel, Annemarie 13023:, pp. 259–261. 12882:Rothermund, Dietmar 12787:Schimmel, Annemarie 12414:Owen, Lisa (2012). 12112:, pp. 102–106. 11816:'A History of India 11682:India Before Europe 11150:. 2 December 2014. 10476:. 27 January 2011. 10474:Pew Research Center 10436:on 9 December 2016. 10430:Pew Research Center 10342:Indian Subcontinent 9253:South Asian cuisine 8866:India-Pakistan ties 8759:emerging superpower 8751:political influence 8729:India has been the 8482: 8404:2015 Nepal blockade 8236:Islamic nationalism 7542:Head of government 7536:Form of government 6787:Global Hunger Index 6718:$ 15,005,471 (100%) 6232:$ 460,751 (10.41%) 6051:South Indian states 5992:world's 5th largest 5966:Economy of Pakistan 5933:South Asian cuisine 5922:Music of South Asia 5797:Sport in South Asia 5247:Largest urban areas 4788:, and parts of the 4629:South Asian English 4497:northern South Asia 4489:Hindustani language 4429:Dravidian languages 3482:total internal area 3468:This list includes 3454:Land and water area 3404:Southern South Asia 3399:Southern South Asia 3362:subsidiary alliance 3284:Indian Independence 3082:Indo-Gangetic Plain 3067:and its neighbours 3059:in Afghanistan and 3049:Northern South Asia 3045:Ethnolinguistically 3040:Northern South Asia 2827:continental climate 2583:Tropical rainforest 2515:Indian subcontinent 2388:Geography of Bhutan 2264:India and Pakistan 2241:within a few years. 2008:Indo-Gangetic Plain 1990:and his son Prince 1945:Vijayanagara Empire 1849:Badami cave temples 1809:Alexander the Great 1756:state-level society 1697:of South Asia from 1605:Carleton University 1595:Greater Middle East 1510:Indian subcontinent 1499:Indian subcontinent 1475:Indian subcontinent 1256:, a Hindu-majority 1167:Dravidian languages 1114:Indian subcontinent 1110:Southern Hemisphere 1098:Southern Hemisphere 1094:Maritime South Asia 61:2.04 billion (2024) 37: 21:Indian subcontinent 24618:Prestige language- 24254:Central Nicobarese 23376:Gandhamardan Hills 23346:Sulaiman Mountains 23062:Absheron Peninsula 23020:Caucasus Mountains 23010:Armenian Highlands 22988:Iranian Azerbaijan 22874:Jordan Rift Valley 22487:High-mountain Asia 22043:Mainland/Indochina 21731:Hamgyong Mountains 21649:Northern Silk Road 21627:Hengduan Mountains 21597:High-mountain Asia 21592:Liaodong Peninsula 20561:South Asian topics 20264:A History of India 20252:on 14 January 2014 19967:(Digital printing) 19919:Guy, John (2014). 19694:. 10 December 2016 19403:, pp. 71, 99. 19225:The Economic Times 19026:The Fund for Peace 18092:on 9 November 2015 17997:on 23 October 2019 17752:Xinhua News Agency 17404:The Times of India 17175:on 4 November 2022 17118:The Economic Times 17094:. 21 December 2006 16463:Saxena, A (2004). 16261:Pandharipande 2008 16170:. United Nations. 16013:. 7 January 2023. 15155:. 1 October 2018. 14938:. pp. 57–97. 14689:, Springer, 1989, 14255:Virtual Bangladesh 14230:. 10 November 2022 13924:The Indian Express 13467:Ashgate Publishing 12886:A History of India 11865:, p. 141–156. 11382:1 May 2011 at the 11148:The Economic Times 11122:Chatterjee Aneek, 10567:. United Nations. 10166:, pp. 173–174 10089:, pp. 38–39, 9712:. pp. 68–70. 9316:Chagos Archipelago 9280:Indo-Mediterranean 8916:Population density 8837:by India. India's 8796:Partition of India 8792: 8745:and exerts strong 8727: 8580:Indicators (2015) 8480: 8396:Nepalese Civil War 8335:. Bangladesh is a 8333:multi-party system 8308:multi-party system 8266:multi-party system 8262:Pakistani politics 8205:multi-party system 8144:Parliament House, 8130:, New Delhi, India 7911: 7548:Official language 7489: 7486:Farah, Afghanistan 7475:Sub Saharan Africa 7456: 7348: 7302: 7294: 7286: 7278:Durbar High School 7093: 6815:(MPI source year) 6708:$ 4,427,184 (100%) 6652:$ 318,690 (2.12%) 6577:$ 376,493 (8.50%) 6514:$ 141,161 (0.94%) 6501: 5988: 5980: 5865:South Asian cinema 5859:South Asian cinema 5842:Pro Kabaddi League 5822:most popular sport 5815: 5733: 5687: 5641: 5595: 5549: 5503: 5457: 5411: 5365: 5319: 4677: 4651:Religion in Bhutan 4441:primus inter pares 4412: 4380: 3390:was carved out of 3299:Central South Asia 3188:world's population 3112:Eastern South Asia 3107:Eastern South Asia 3057:Iranic populations 3019:Climate Risk Index 3003: 2928: 2833:equatorial climate 2795: 2396:Geography of Nepal 2372:Geography of India 2262: 2184:Partition of India 2076: 2014:. Parts of modern 2004:Turco-Mongol roots 1996: 1953:Battle of Talikota 1912: 1882:Muhammad bin Qasim 1878: 1733: 1687: 1495: 1471:to the southeast. 1401: 1345: 1242:British Crown rule 373:(United Kingdom) 286: 66:Population density 35: 24726: 24725: 24640:Perso-Arabization 24613: 24612: 24434: 24433: 23690: 23689: 23464:Indus River Delta 23223: 23222: 22802:Lower Mesopotamia 22797:Upper Mesopotamia 22731:Arabian Peninsula 22667:Mediterranean Sea 22568:Laccadive Islands 22497:Saltoro Mountains 22368:Indus River Delta 22059:Malay Archipelago 21906:Chukchi Peninsula 21778:Pearl River Delta 21751:Leizhou Peninsula 21639:Qinling Mountains 21580:North China Plain 21521:Mongolian Plateau 21511:Taklamakan Desert 21431:Taklamakan Desert 21421:Mongolian Plateau 21268:Roof of the World 21204: 21203: 21107:Traditional games 21092:South Asian Games 20680:General geography 20527: 20526: 20522: 20521: 20294:978-0-19-517398-7 20217:978-1-136-67108-1 20196:978-0-415-44851-2 20176:978-0-7591-1642-9 20150:978-0-521-78141-1 20129:978-90-04-18159-5 20108:978-3-540-42403-1 20084:978-0-226-53230-1 20052:978-0-521-68225-1 20020:978-92-64-10414-3 20000:978-0-8160-7564-5 19980:978-1-136-87590-8 19932:978-0-300-20437-7 19902:978-0-521-43304-4 19880:978-0-19-959334-7 19860:978-0-521-89111-0 19834:978-0-7456-3375-6 19806:978-0-7146-8026-2 19781:978-0-521-78141-1 19760:978-0-521-78141-1 19634:SAARC Secretariat 19488:978-81-7541-218-7 19460:978-0-8157-9761-6 19439:Cohen, Stephen P. 19346:Bhasin, Madhavi. 18771:978-81-219-0403-2 18112:"Company Profile" 17901:on 5 January 2022 17779:. 8 December 2021 17274:Financial Express 17145:. 25 October 2016 17034:978-1-134-10595-3 16938:on 6 January 2020 16856:countrystudies.us 16761:on 25 August 2015 16630:978-1-84885-726-1 16603:978-0-85772-283-6 16476:978-3-11-017841-8 16437:978-90-04-19448-9 16403:978-0-19-507993-7 16312:SIL International 16284:978-0-415-77294-5 16148:978-1-107-50718-0 16078:978-93-89812-33-6 15912:978-0-19-873267-9 15805:978-90-04-19458-8 15757:978-1-934536-06-3 15497:978-1-003-19834-5 15348:978-3-943704-49-5 15290:978-3-319-26355-7 15047:978-3-319-92287-4 15002:978-3-319-92287-4 14953:978-3-319-92287-4 14838:Mitra et al. 2002 14826:Mitra et al. 2002 14815:978-1-4020-3264-6 14695:978-0-7923-0067-0 14675:978-99929-52-21-4 14655:978-1-86239-061-4 14608:978-0-07-014456-9 14412:978-1-108-91905-0 14370:. 1 February 2014 13952:. 25 January 2023 13811:Tharoor, Shashi. 13743:979-8-216-16317-6 13716:978-1-4443-3489-0 13636:978-0-19-027772-7 13535:978-0-7206-1323-0 13504:978-0-521-26884-4 13476:978-0-7546-6428-4 13413:978-0-231-50004-3 13363:978-0-393-08192-3 13329:978-1-86189-185-3 13293:978-0-19-969930-8 13268:978-0-415-66744-9 13231:978-0-19-567921-2 13179:978-0-521-56603-2 13169:The Mughal Empire 13164:Richards, John F. 13137:978-0-415-95279-8 13087:978-0-521-26728-1 13053:978-1-135-25580-0 13002:978-0-7486-9648-2 12972:978-81-8324-251-6 12923:978-0-19-560686-7 12895:978-0-415-32919-4 12860:978-81-7304-482-3 12830:978-1-139-50257-3 12800:978-90-04-06117-0 12759:Smith, Vincent A. 12686:978-0-521-06936-6 12604:978-1-78383-064-0 12579:978-0-521-54329-3 12541:978-90-04-08341-7 12493:978-90-04-17758-1 12427:978-90-04-20629-8 12361:978-90-04-15644-9 12322:978-0-618-38612-3 12283:978-90-04-12556-8 12260:, p. 18, 40. 12248:, pp. 10–11. 12220:978-92-3-103654-5 12193:978-0-679-74363-7 12157:978-0-87773-765-0 12060:978-0-664-23320-4 12037:, pp. 81–82. 11793:Kishore C. Dash, 11780:978-90-474-2209-9 11750:978-0-19-908940-6 11716:Ronald B. Inden, 11692:978-0-521-80904-7 11665:978-1-139-49920-0 11614:Modern South Asia 11524:978-0-7506-5997-0 11468:978-0-313-31459-9 11416:978-1-134-93384-6 11132:978-81-317-3375-2 11055:978-1-137-29656-6 11031:978-1-134-59322-4 10989:978-0-7614-7289-6 10886:978-0-313-31459-9 10858:978-0-7425-8154-8 10784:978-81-7829-870-2 10764:978-1-134-00228-3 10740:978-1-136-64862-5 10713:978-1-317-62445-5 10674:978-90-411-2214-8 10610:978-81-85054-68-1 10273:978-0-300-23032-1 10229:978-0-521-85661-4 10195:978-0-415-48010-9 10151:978-0-231-06414-9 10096:978-1-5261-0088-7 9755:978-0-19-936009-3 9719:978-0-470-99868-7 9679:978-0-19-100505-3 9607:978-1-134-93384-6 9410:Arunachal Pradesh 9345: 30,000 BCE 9263:South Asian Games 9200: 9199: 9001:of Southern Asia 8932:Official language 8788:Cold War dynamics 8703:Regional politics 8700: 8699: 8345:violent extremism 8276:semi-presidential 8228:Pakistan movement 8114: 8113: 8067:semi-presidential 8017:National Assembly 7943:National Assembly 7750:National Assembly 7439: 7438: 7226: 7225: 7151:38.33% (2017–18) 6869:55.91% (2015–16) 6755: 6754: 6646:$ 73,739 (1.67%) 6508:$ 39,028 (0.88%) 6445:$ 12,071 (0.08%) 5834:South Asian Games 5746: 5745: 5244: 5243: 4659:Religion in Nepal 4655:Religion in India 4505:Gurmukhi alphabet 4421:Language Movement 4361: 4360: 4357: 4354:replacement rates 3749: 3748: 3360:who entered into 3274:rule. Later, the 3264:Gujarat Sultanate 3132:Eastern Himalayas 3051:is predominantly 2856:semi-arid climate 2791: 2776: 2761: 2746: 2731: 2716: 2701: 2686: 2684:, dry, hot summer 2671: 2657: 2643: 2629: 2615: 2600: 2586: 2331:Hindu nationalism 2319:several invasions 2047:Guru Tegh Bahadur 1968:Battle of Panipat 1949:Deccan sultanates 1761:"Hindu synthesis" 1695:northwestern part 1258:Dominion of India 1019: 1018: 16:Subregion of Asia 24756: 24713:Sanskrit revival 24703:Punjabi Movement 24668:Bengali movement 24443: 24442: 23810:Great Andamanese 23806: 23805: 23717: 23710: 23703: 23694: 23693: 23484:Coromandel Coast 23351:Toba Kakar Range 23280: 23250: 23243: 23236: 23227: 23226: 23081:Taurus Mountains 23052:Lankaran Lowland 23047:Kur-Araz Lowland 23025:Greater Caucasus 22983:Fertile Crescent 22864:Palestine region 22787:Tigris–Euphrates 22706:Al-Faw Peninsula 22694:Strait of Hormuz 22672:Zagros Mountains 22643: 22521:Gulf of Khambhat 22470:Gilgit-Baltistan 22450:False Divi Point 22440:Coromandel Coast 22351:Pir Panjal Range 22196: 22136:Gulf of Thailand 22026: 21891:Russian Far East 21841: 21746:Suzuka Mountains 21622:Qilian Mountains 21617:Kunlun Mountains 21472: 21322:Greater Khorasan 21261: 21231: 21224: 21217: 21208: 21207: 21102:Physical culture 20997:Former countries 20992:Contemporary era 20692: 20554: 20547: 20540: 20531: 20530: 20499: 20498: 20484: 20483: 20476: 20475: 20461: 20460: 20439: 20425: 20418: 20411: 20402: 20401: 20366:, The World Bank 20353: 20344: 20327: 20325: 20310: 20297: 20277: 20267: 20253: 20251: 20244: 20229: 20220: 20200: 20179: 20163:"Indus religion" 20154: 20133: 20112: 20088: 20067: 20055: 20041:(2nd ed.), 20024: 20003: 19983: 19968: 19958: 19947: 19936: 19915: 19906: 19884: 19863: 19852: 19838: 19816: 19815: 19813: 19795:(1st ed.), 19785: 19764: 19743: 19727:(3–4): 170–173, 19704: 19703: 19701: 19699: 19682: 19676: 19675: 19673: 19671: 19666:. 9 October 2018 19656: 19650: 19649: 19647: 19645: 19636:. Archived from 19626: 19620: 19619: 19617: 19615: 19609: 19598: 19589: 19583: 19582: 19580: 19578: 19563: 19557: 19556: 19539: 19533: 19532: 19514: 19508: 19502: 19496: 19495: 19474: 19468: 19467: 19448: 19435: 19429: 19428: 19426: 19424: 19418:academic.oup.com 19410: 19404: 19398: 19392: 19391: 19389: 19387: 19368: 19362: 19361: 19359: 19357: 19352: 19343: 19337: 19336: 19334: 19332: 19318: 19312: 19311: 19309: 19307: 19278: 19272: 19271: 19269: 19267: 19262: 19242: 19236: 19235: 19233: 19231: 19216: 19210: 19204: 19198: 19192: 19186: 19185: 19183: 19181: 19175: 19164: 19155: 19149: 19143: 19137: 19136: 19104: 19098: 19097: 19095: 19093: 19074: 19068: 19067: 19065: 19063: 19044: 19038: 19037: 19035: 19033: 19018: 19012: 19011: 19009: 19007: 18987: 18981: 18980: 18978: 18976: 18965: 18959: 18958: 18951: 18945: 18944: 18942: 18940: 18930: 18924: 18923: 18921: 18919: 18900: 18894: 18893: 18891: 18889: 18872: 18866: 18865: 18863: 18861: 18846: 18840: 18834: 18828: 18822: 18816: 18815: 18813: 18811: 18805:A&E Networks 18790: 18784: 18783: 18757: 18751: 18750: 18748: 18746: 18709: 18703: 18702: 18697:. Archived from 18687: 18681: 18680: 18678: 18676: 18667:. Archived from 18648: 18642: 18641: 18639: 18637: 18617: 18611: 18610: 18608: 18606: 18587: 18581: 18580: 18578: 18576: 18566:"Hunger in Asia" 18562: 18556: 18555: 18553: 18551: 18536: 18530: 18529: 18527: 18525: 18511: 18505: 18504: 18499: 18497: 18482: 18476: 18475: 18473: 18471: 18451: 18445: 18444: 18439:. Archived from 18433: 18427: 18426: 18424: 18422: 18403: 18397: 18396: 18394: 18392: 18373: 18367: 18360: 18354: 18353: 18351: 18343: 18337: 18336: 18318: 18312: 18311: 18309: 18301: 18295: 18289: 18283: 18277: 18271: 18253: 18247: 18246: 18244: 18235: 18224: 18216: 18210: 18204: 18189: 18188: 18186: 18177: 18162: 18161: 18159: 18157: 18138: 18132: 18131: 18129: 18127: 18108: 18102: 18101: 18099: 18097: 18088:. 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Archived from 17824: 17815: 17814: 17812: 17810: 17795: 17789: 17788: 17786: 17784: 17769: 17763: 17762: 17760: 17758: 17744: 17738: 17737: 17735: 17733: 17719: 17713: 17712: 17710: 17708: 17689: 17683: 17679: 17673: 17670: 17664: 17663: 17661: 17659: 17641: 17635: 17634: 17632: 17630: 17617: 17611: 17610: 17599: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17588: 17573: 17567: 17566: 17564: 17562: 17547: 17541: 17540: 17538: 17536: 17522: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17511: 17496: 17487: 17486: 17484: 17482: 17476: 17469: 17461: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17447: 17432: 17423: 17422: 17420: 17418: 17396: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17385: 17370: 17364: 17363: 17361: 17359: 17344: 17338: 17337: 17335: 17333: 17310: 17304: 17302: 17291: 17285: 17284: 17282: 17280: 17266: 17260: 17259: 17257: 17255: 17240: 17234: 17233: 17228: 17226: 17206: 17200: 17191: 17185: 17184: 17182: 17180: 17171:. Archived from 17161: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17150: 17135: 17129: 17128: 17126: 17124: 17110: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17099: 17084: 17078: 17077: 17045: 17039: 17038: 17018: 17012: 17011: 17009: 17007: 17001:academic.oup.com 16993: 16987: 16986: 16984: 16982: 16973: 16961: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16943: 16928: 16922: 16921: 16919: 16917: 16912:on 29 March 2020 16911: 16900: 16892: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16881: 16864: 16858: 16842: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16831: 16816: 16810: 16809: 16807: 16805: 16790: 16784: 16777: 16771: 16770: 16768: 16766: 16757:. Archived from 16747: 16741: 16728: 16722: 16721: 16719: 16717: 16706: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16695: 16689: 16678: 16672: 16671: 16669: 16667: 16656: 16647: 16646: 16644: 16642: 16614: 16608: 16607: 16589: 16583: 16565: 16556: 16555: 16553: 16551: 16536: 16530: 16529: 16506: 16500: 16494: 16488: 16487: 16485: 16483: 16460: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16444: 16421: 16408: 16407: 16387: 16381: 16367: 16361: 16360: 16358: 16356: 16343:Templin, David. 16340: 16334: 16321: 16315: 16298: 16289: 16288: 16270: 16264: 16258: 16249: 16243: 16234: 16233: 16228:. Archived from 16222: 16216: 16215: 16213: 16211: 16205: 16198: 16190: 16184: 16183: 16181: 16179: 16164: 16153: 16152: 16134: 16128: 16115: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16104: 16089: 16083: 16082: 16062: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16051: 16046:. 31 August 2020 16036: 16030: 16029: 16027: 16025: 16003: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15992: 15970: 15964: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15930: 15924: 15923: 15921: 15919: 15895:academic.oup.com 15886: 15880: 15871: 15865: 15856: 15850: 15849: 15837: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15826: 15816: 15810: 15809: 15789: 15783: 15782:Robert D. Kaplan 15774: 15768: 15767: 15766: 15764: 15741: 15735: 15734: 15732: 15730: 15716: 15710: 15709: 15707: 15705: 15690: 15684: 15683: 15669: 15660: 15654: 15653: 15641: 15635: 15634: 15616: 15592: 15586: 15585: 15583: 15581: 15566: 15557: 15556: 15528: 15522: 15521: 15515: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15471: 15465: 15464: 15440: 15434: 15433: 15423: 15417: 15416: 15398: 15374: 15368: 15367: 15365: 15363: 15357: 15351:. Archived from 15340: 15329: 15323: 15322: 15320: 15318: 15258: 15252: 15251: 15249: 15247: 15241: 15232: 15226: 15225: 15207: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15164: 15143: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15132: 15117: 15111: 15110: 15066: 15060: 15059: 15021: 15015: 15014: 14975: 14966: 14965: 14927: 14921: 14914:Chapter 10: Asia 14910: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14850: 14841: 14835: 14829: 14823: 14817: 14803: 14792: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14755: 14738:(5): 1633–1644. 14723: 14717: 14703: 14697: 14683: 14677: 14663: 14657: 14643: 14637: 14636: 14616: 14610: 14596: 14590: 14589: 14587: 14577: 14571: 14557: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14546: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14515:. Air University 14504: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14493: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14467: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14441: 14426: 14417: 14416: 14386: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14375: 14360: 14351: 14350: 14348: 14346: 14331: 14325: 14324: 14322: 14320: 14305: 14299: 14298: 14296: 14294: 14272: 14266: 14265: 14263: 14261: 14246: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14235: 14220: 14214: 14213: 14202: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14188: 14173: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14159: 14145: 14139: 14138: 14136: 14134: 14123: 14117: 14116: 14114: 14112: 14089: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14078: 14064: 14058: 14049: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14038: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14015: 13993: 13987: 13986: 13984: 13982: 13968: 13962: 13961: 13959: 13957: 13942: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13931: 13926:. 14 August 2021 13916: 13910: 13909: 13907: 13905: 13893:Asrar, Shakeeb. 13890: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13879: 13865: 13859: 13858: 13856: 13854: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13820: 13808: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13788:(3 March 2011). 13782: 13773: 13772: 13754: 13748: 13747: 13727: 13721: 13720: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13683: 13681: 13667: 13661: 13660: 13654: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13610: 13604: 13598: 13592: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13580:www.lhistoire.fr 13572: 13566: 13565: 13563: 13561: 13549: 13540: 13539: 13519: 13513: 13512: 13487: 13481: 13480: 13451: 13445: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13424: 13418: 13417: 13397: 13391: 13378: 13372: 13371: 13347: 13341: 13340: 13338: 13336: 13317: 13304: 13298: 13297: 13279: 13273: 13272: 13254: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13202: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13191: 13160: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13110: 13104: 13103: 13101: 13099: 13071: 13065: 13064: 13062: 13060: 13030: 13024: 13018: 13007: 13006: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12956: 12950: 12934: 12928: 12927: 12906: 12900: 12899: 12874: 12868: 12867: 12844: 12838: 12837: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12783: 12777: 12776: 12755: 12749: 12735: 12729: 12716: 12710: 12697: 12691: 12690: 12667: 12661: 12658: 12652: 12642: 12636: 12635: 12615: 12609: 12608: 12590: 12584: 12583: 12560: 12549: 12545: 12526: 12497: 12476: 12470: 12469: 12467: 12465: 12450: 12444: 12443: 12441: 12439: 12411: 12405: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12334: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12295: 12267: 12261: 12255: 12249: 12243: 12237: 12231: 12225: 12224: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12177: 12171: 12169: 12143: 12137: 12131: 12125: 12119: 12113: 12107: 12101: 12095: 12089: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12044: 12038: 12032: 12026: 12023:Hiltebeitel 2007 12020: 12011: 12005: 11996: 11995:, p. 51-53. 11990: 11984: 11978: 11972: 11971:, p. 48-49. 11966: 11960: 11959:, p. 41-48. 11954: 11948: 11942: 11936: 11935:, p. 30-35. 11930: 11924: 11918: 11907: 11901: 11895: 11889: 11883: 11877: 11866: 11860: 11854: 11848: 11842: 11836: 11830: 11829: 11811: 11805: 11791: 11785: 11784: 11764: 11755: 11754: 11735: 11729: 11714: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11649: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11602: 11593: 11540: 11538: 11536: 11482: 11473: 11472: 11454: 11448: 11431: 11422: 11420: 11402: 11391: 11374: 11368: 11351: 11345: 11332: 11326: 11313: 11307: 11294: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11283: 11264: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11212:"SAFTA Protocol" 11208: 11202: 11201:, The World Bank 11189: 11183: 11170: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11140: 11134: 11120: 11114: 11113: 11111: 11109: 11089: 11083: 11070: 11061: 11059: 11039: 11033: 11019: 11006: 11000: 10994: 10993: 10975: 10969: 10956: 10950: 10936: 10930: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10872: 10863: 10862: 10844: 10838: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10818: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10796:"The World Bank" 10792: 10786: 10772: 10766: 10752: 10746: 10744: 10724: 10718: 10717: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10658: 10647: 10633: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10594: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10561: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10532: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10509:. 2 April 2015. 10499: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10466: 10453: 10447: 10438: 10437: 10422: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10408: 10388: 10379: 10378: 10373:. Archived from 10363: 10357: 10338: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10294:, pp. 71–78 10288: 10282: 10281: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10243: 10241: 10213: 10207: 10206: 10181: 10175: 10173: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10021: 10012: 10003: 9997: 9988: 9972: 9966: 9956: 9940: 9934: 9933: 9910: 9894: 9888: 9887: 9872: 9866: 9865: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9824: 9818: 9816: 9801: 9781: 9766: 9732: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9672:. pp. 1–2. 9659: 9653: 9652: 9637: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9591: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9527: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9449:. United Nations 9448: 9440: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9397: 9385: 9370: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9343: 9335: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9308: 9219: 9214: 9213: 8897: 8896: 8818:with the former 8483: 8479: 8250:Islamic republic 8246:Islamic republic 8238:. Pakistan is a 8159: 8141: 8124: 8110: 8102:Sri Lankan rupee 8052: 8050: 8049: 8040: 7998:Islamic republic 7980: 7978: 7977: 7968: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7900: 7853: 7851: 7850: 7841: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7771: 7746:National Council 7713: 7711: 7710: 7701: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7633: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7527: 7526: 7502:Green Revolution 7350: 7349: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7057:0.77% (2016–17) 7047: 7045: 7044: 7010:16.4% (2019–21) 7000: 6998: 6997: 6953: 6951: 6950: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6838:Wealth per adult 6773: 6772: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6695: 6686: 6685: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6626: 6617: 6616: 6608: 6599: 6598: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6557: 6548: 6547: 6539: 6530: 6529: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6439:$ 5,900 (0.13%) 6433: 6431: 6430: 6419: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6392: 6391: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6350: 6341: 6340: 6332: 6323: 6322: 6307:$ 9,937 (0.07%) 6301:$ 2,707 (0.06%) 6295: 6293: 6292: 6281: 6272: 6271: 6263: 6254: 6253: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6212: 6203: 6202: 6194: 6185: 6184: 6145: 6143: 6142: 6056: 6055: 5962:Economy of Nepal 5958:Economy of India 5846:Ultimate Kho Kho 5721: 5719: 5718: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5258: 5257: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4804: 4803: 4762:Indian religions 4739: 4733: 4727: 4717: 4707: 4697: 4687: 4603:Gilgit-Baltistan 4384: 4350: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4190: 4188: 4187: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4019: 4017: 4016: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3789:% of South Asia 3774: 3773: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3676: 3674: 3673: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3622: 3620: 3619: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3487: 3486: 3474:sovereign states 3374:, the states of 3185: 2903:deepens and the 2849:tropical climate 2847:Cool winter hot 2783: 2781: 2768: 2766: 2753: 2751: 2738: 2736: 2723: 2721: 2708: 2706: 2693: 2691: 2678: 2676: 2664: 2662: 2650: 2648: 2636: 2634: 2622: 2620: 2611:Tropical savanna 2607: 2605: 2597:Tropical monsoon 2593: 2591: 2579: 2577: 2214: 2202: 2190:Contemporary era 2092:Nawabs of Bengal 2012:Kingdom of Mewar 1937:Bengal Sultanate 1894:Mahmud of Ghazni 1799: 1795: 1792: 1780: 1777: 1745: 1742: 1703: 1700: 1643:History of India 1593:(top-left), the 1584: 1575: 1564: 1555: 1172: 1148: 1088:to the west and 1024:is the southern 1011: 1003: 995: 974: 973: 962: 961: 950: 949: 938: 937: 926: 925: 914: 913: 902: 901: 890: 889: 878: 877: 866: 865: 856: 855: 369: 367: 366: 337: 335: 334: 324:1 often included 313: 311: 310: 300: 298: 297: 287: 285: 284: 274: 272: 271: 261: 259: 258: 248: 246: 245: 235: 233: 232: 119: 114: 113: 45: 38: 34: 24764: 24763: 24759: 24758: 24757: 24755: 24754: 24753: 24744:Regions of Asia 24729: 24728: 24727: 24722: 24698:Nepali movement 24656: 24652:Sanskritisation 24620: 24619: 24609: 24593: 24575: 24507: 24488:Arabi Malayalam 24474: 24430: 24407: 24319: 24296: 24273: 24235: 24197: 24179: 24146: 24118: 24085: 23915: 23870: 23827: 23801: 23795: 23727: 23721: 23691: 23686: 23623: 23572: 23546: 23513: 23437: 23421: 23385: 23336:Anaimalai Hills 23276: 23260: 23254: 23224: 23219: 23030:Lesser Caucasus 22998:Iranian Plateau 22973:Sinai Peninsula 22637: 22635: 22634: 22626: 22622:Tibetan Plateau 22595:Nicobar Islands 22590:Andaman Islands 22553:Wakhan Corridor 22504:Siachen Glacier 22274:Carnatic region 22192: 22188: 22187: 22179: 22020: 22019: 22011: 22002:Outer Manchuria 21835: 21834: 21826: 21793:Wakhan Corridor 21788:Altai Mountains 21607:Tibetan Plateau 21568:Outer Manchuria 21558:Northeast China 21516:Greater Khingan 21466: 21465: 21457: 21453:Tibetan Plateau 21448:Siachen Glacier 21426:Western Regions 21406:Wakhan Corridor 21391:Pamir Mountains 21386:Altai Mountains 21381:Iranian Plateau 21364:Eurasian Steppe 21253: 21252: 21244: 21235: 21205: 21200: 21162: 21136: 21113: 21068: 21001: 20972:Middle kingdoms 20936: 20927:Stock exchanges 20882: 20859: 20815:Cultural sphere 20781: 20693: 20684: 20563: 20558: 20528: 20523: 20517: 20485: 20443: 20432: 20429: 20383:Wayback Machine 20360: 20347: 20338: 20335: 20333:Further reading 20330: 20326:on 11 June 2007 20323: 20308: 20302:Witzel, Michael 20295: 20249: 20242: 20218: 20197: 20177: 20151: 20130: 20109: 20085: 20053: 20021: 20001: 19981: 19966: 19956: 19933: 19903: 19889:Flood, Gavin D. 19881: 19861: 19835: 19811: 19809: 19807: 19782: 19761: 19712: 19707: 19697: 19695: 19684: 19683: 19679: 19669: 19667: 19658: 19657: 19653: 19643: 19641: 19628: 19627: 19623: 19613: 19611: 19607: 19596: 19590: 19586: 19576: 19574: 19565: 19564: 19560: 19540: 19536: 19529: 19515: 19511: 19503: 19499: 19489: 19475: 19471: 19461: 19436: 19432: 19422: 19420: 19414:"13 South Asia" 19412: 19411: 19407: 19399: 19395: 19385: 19383: 19369: 19365: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19344: 19340: 19330: 19328: 19324:(1 June 2017). 19319: 19315: 19305: 19303: 19279: 19275: 19265: 19263: 19243: 19239: 19229: 19227: 19217: 19213: 19205: 19201: 19193: 19189: 19179: 19177: 19173: 19162: 19156: 19152: 19144: 19140: 19105: 19101: 19091: 19089: 19076: 19075: 19071: 19061: 19059: 19046: 19045: 19041: 19031: 19029: 19020: 19019: 19015: 19005: 19003: 18988: 18984: 18974: 18972: 18967: 18966: 18962: 18953: 18952: 18948: 18938: 18936: 18932: 18931: 18927: 18917: 18915: 18902: 18901: 18897: 18887: 18885: 18874: 18873: 18869: 18859: 18857: 18848: 18847: 18843: 18835: 18831: 18823: 18819: 18809: 18807: 18791: 18787: 18772: 18758: 18754: 18744: 18742: 18710: 18706: 18689: 18688: 18684: 18674: 18672: 18649: 18645: 18635: 18633: 18618: 18614: 18604: 18602: 18597:. 29 May 2015. 18589: 18588: 18584: 18574: 18572: 18564: 18563: 18559: 18549: 18547: 18538: 18537: 18533: 18523: 18521: 18513: 18512: 18508: 18495: 18493: 18484: 18483: 18479: 18469: 18467: 18452: 18448: 18443:on 6 July 2015. 18435: 18434: 18430: 18420: 18418: 18405: 18404: 18400: 18390: 18388: 18375: 18374: 18370: 18361: 18357: 18349: 18345: 18344: 18340: 18333: 18319: 18315: 18307: 18303: 18302: 18298: 18294:, UNESCO, Paris 18290: 18286: 18278: 18274: 18268:Wayback Machine 18259: 18254: 18250: 18242: 18236: 18227: 18217: 18213: 18205: 18192: 18184: 18178: 18165: 18155: 18153: 18140: 18139: 18135: 18125: 18123: 18110: 18109: 18105: 18095: 18093: 18080: 18079: 18075: 18065: 18063: 18061:worldpoverty.io 18055: 18054: 18050: 18039: 18035: 18025: 18023: 18015: 18014: 18010: 18000: 17998: 17994: 17981: 17977: 17976: 17972: 17962: 17960: 17951: 17947: 17946: 17942: 17932: 17930: 17919: 17918: 17914: 17904: 17902: 17893: 17892: 17888: 17878: 17876: 17872: 17865: 17861: 17860: 17851: 17841: 17839: 17826: 17825: 17818: 17808: 17806: 17796: 17792: 17782: 17780: 17771: 17770: 17766: 17756: 17754: 17746: 17745: 17741: 17731: 17729: 17721: 17720: 17716: 17706: 17704: 17691: 17690: 17686: 17680: 17676: 17671: 17667: 17657: 17655: 17643: 17642: 17638: 17628: 17626: 17619: 17618: 17614: 17601: 17600: 17596: 17586: 17584: 17575: 17574: 17570: 17560: 17558: 17549: 17548: 17544: 17534: 17532: 17524: 17523: 17519: 17509: 17507: 17498: 17497: 17490: 17480: 17478: 17474: 17467: 17463: 17462: 17455: 17445: 17443: 17434: 17433: 17426: 17416: 17414: 17406:. 9 June 2023. 17398: 17397: 17393: 17383: 17381: 17372: 17371: 17367: 17357: 17355: 17345: 17341: 17331: 17329: 17311: 17307: 17293: 17292: 17288: 17278: 17276: 17268: 17267: 17263: 17253: 17251: 17241: 17237: 17224: 17222: 17207: 17203: 17192: 17188: 17178: 17176: 17163: 17162: 17158: 17148: 17146: 17137: 17136: 17132: 17122: 17120: 17112: 17111: 17107: 17097: 17095: 17086: 17085: 17081: 17046: 17042: 17035: 17019: 17015: 17005: 17003: 16995: 16994: 16990: 16980: 16978: 16971: 16962: 16951: 16941: 16939: 16930: 16929: 16925: 16915: 16913: 16909: 16898: 16894: 16893: 16889: 16879: 16877: 16866: 16865: 16861: 16852:Wayback Machine 16843: 16839: 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I.B. Tauris. 16590: 16586: 16576:Wayback Machine 16566: 16559: 16549: 16547: 16538: 16537: 16533: 16508: 16507: 16503: 16495: 16491: 16481: 16479: 16477: 16461: 16452: 16442: 16440: 16438: 16422: 16411: 16404: 16388: 16384: 16378:Wayback Machine 16368: 16364: 16354: 16352: 16341: 16337: 16331:Wayback Machine 16322: 16318: 16308:Wayback Machine 16299: 16292: 16285: 16271: 16267: 16259: 16252: 16244: 16237: 16224: 16223: 16219: 16209: 16207: 16203: 16196: 16192: 16191: 16187: 16177: 16175: 16166: 16165: 16156: 16149: 16135: 16131: 16126:Wayback Machine 16116: 16112: 16102: 16100: 16090: 16086: 16079: 16063: 16059: 16049: 16047: 16038: 16037: 16033: 16023: 16021: 16005: 16004: 16000: 15990: 15988: 15972: 15971: 15967: 15956: 15952: 15942: 15940: 15932: 15931: 15927: 15917: 15915: 15913: 15887: 15883: 15872: 15868: 15857: 15853: 15840:Cardoso, Hugo. 15838: 15834: 15824: 15822: 15818: 15817: 15813: 15806: 15790: 15786: 15775: 15771: 15762: 15760: 15758: 15742: 15738: 15728: 15726: 15718: 15717: 15713: 15703: 15701: 15700:. 26 March 2019 15692: 15691: 15687: 15667: 15661: 15657: 15642: 15638: 15593: 15589: 15579: 15577: 15574:Hindustan Times 15568: 15567: 15560: 15553: 15529: 15525: 15509: 15508: 15502: 15500: 15498: 15472: 15468: 15441: 15437: 15424: 15420: 15375: 15371: 15361: 15359: 15355: 15349: 15338: 15330: 15326: 15316: 15314: 15291: 15259: 15255: 15245: 15243: 15242:(Report). IFPRI 15239: 15233: 15229: 15176: 15172: 15162: 15160: 15145: 15144: 15140: 15130: 15128: 15119: 15118: 15114: 15067: 15063: 15048: 15022: 15018: 15003: 14976: 14969: 14954: 14928: 14924: 14911: 14888: 14851: 14844: 14836: 14832: 14824: 14820: 14805:John E. Olive, 14804: 14795: 14788:Wayback Machine 14771: 14769: 14724: 14720: 14704: 14700: 14684: 14680: 14664: 14660: 14644: 14640: 14621:Current Science 14617: 14613: 14597: 14593: 14578: 14574: 14558: 14554: 14544: 14542: 14532: 14528: 14518: 14516: 14505: 14501: 14491: 14489: 14479: 14475: 14465: 14463: 14453: 14449: 14439: 14437: 14427: 14420: 14413: 14387: 14383: 14373: 14371: 14362: 14361: 14354: 14344: 14342: 14333: 14332: 14328: 14318: 14316: 14306: 14302: 14292: 14290: 14274: 14273: 14269: 14259: 14257: 14247: 14243: 14233: 14231: 14222: 14221: 14217: 14204: 14203: 14196: 14186: 14184: 14181:Hindustan Times 14175: 14174: 14167: 14157: 14155: 14147: 14146: 14142: 14132: 14130: 14125: 14124: 14120: 14110: 14108: 14098:Foreign Affairs 14090: 14086: 14076: 14074: 14066: 14065: 14061: 14050: 14046: 14036: 14034: 14027: 14023: 14013: 14011: 13995: 13994: 13990: 13980: 13978: 13970: 13969: 13965: 13955: 13953: 13944: 13943: 13939: 13929: 13927: 13918: 13917: 13913: 13903: 13901: 13891: 13887: 13877: 13875: 13867: 13866: 13862: 13852: 13850: 13832: 13828: 13818: 13816: 13809: 13805: 13795: 13793: 13783: 13776: 13755: 13751: 13744: 13728: 13724: 13717: 13693: 13689: 13679: 13677: 13675:library.wwu.edu 13669: 13668: 13664: 13648: 13647: 13641: 13639: 13637: 13611: 13607: 13599: 13595: 13585: 13583: 13574: 13573: 13569: 13559: 13557: 13550: 13543: 13536: 13520: 13516: 13505: 13488: 13484: 13477: 13469:. p. 255. 13455:Roy, Tirthankar 13452: 13448: 13440: 13436: 13425: 13421: 13414: 13398: 13394: 13388:Wayback Machine 13379: 13375: 13364: 13348: 13344: 13334: 13332: 13330: 13305: 13301: 13294: 13280: 13276: 13269: 13255: 13251: 13241: 13239: 13232: 13216: 13213:Wayback Machine 13203: 13199: 13189: 13187: 13180: 13161: 13157: 13147: 13145: 13138: 13130:. p. 158. 13118:Peter L. Berger 13111: 13107: 13097: 13095: 13088: 13072: 13068: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13031: 13027: 13019: 13010: 13003: 12984: 12980: 12973: 12957: 12953: 12944:Wayback Machine 12935: 12931: 12924: 12907: 12903: 12896: 12875: 12871: 12861: 12845: 12841: 12831: 12812: 12808: 12801: 12784: 12780: 12756: 12752: 12746:Wayback Machine 12736: 12732: 12726:Wayback Machine 12717: 12713: 12707:Wayback Machine 12698: 12694: 12687: 12671:Bosworth, C. E. 12668: 12664: 12659: 12655: 12643: 12639: 12632: 12616: 12612: 12605: 12591: 12587: 12580: 12561: 12552: 12542: 12494: 12477: 12473: 12463: 12461: 12460:on 23 July 2010 12452: 12451: 12447: 12437: 12435: 12428: 12412: 12408: 12397: 12395: 12386: 12385: 12381: 12371: 12369: 12362: 12346: 12342: 12332: 12330: 12323: 12307: 12303: 12293: 12291: 12284: 12268: 12264: 12256: 12252: 12244: 12240: 12232: 12228: 12221: 12205: 12201: 12194: 12178: 12174: 12158: 12144: 12140: 12132: 12128: 12120: 12116: 12108: 12104: 12096: 12092: 12084: 12080: 12070: 12068: 12061: 12045: 12041: 12033: 12029: 12021: 12014: 12006: 11999: 11991: 11987: 11979: 11975: 11967: 11963: 11955: 11951: 11943: 11939: 11931: 11927: 11919: 11910: 11902: 11898: 11890: 11886: 11878: 11869: 11861: 11857: 11849: 11845: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11812: 11808: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11737: 11736: 11732: 11718:Imagining India 11715: 11711: 11702: 11700: 11693: 11677: 11673: 11666: 11650: 11646: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11603: 11596: 11580: 11567: 11555:Raj S. Bhopal, 11554: 11541: 11534: 11532: 11525: 11509: 11496: 11483: 11476: 11469: 11455: 11451: 11432: 11425: 11417: 11403: 11394: 11384:Wayback Machine 11375: 11371: 11361:Wayback Machine 11352: 11348: 11342:Wayback Machine 11333: 11329: 11323:Wayback Machine 11314: 11310: 11304:Wayback Machine 11295: 11291: 11281: 11279: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11249: 11236: 11235: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11210: 11209: 11205: 11199:Wayback Machine 11190: 11186: 11180:Wayback Machine 11171: 11167: 11157: 11155: 11142: 11141: 11137: 11121: 11117: 11107: 11105: 11104:on 14 June 2011 11090: 11086: 11080:Wayback Machine 11071: 11064: 11056: 11040: 11036: 11020: 11009: 11001: 10997: 10990: 10976: 10972: 10966:Wayback Machine 10957: 10953: 10937: 10933: 10924: 10920: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10873: 10866: 10859: 10845: 10841: 10831: 10829: 10820: 10819: 10815: 10805: 10803: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10773: 10769: 10753: 10749: 10741: 10725: 10721: 10714: 10698: 10694: 10684: 10682: 10675: 10659: 10650: 10634: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10611: 10595: 10586: 10574: 10572: 10563: 10562: 10555: 10545: 10543: 10534: 10533: 10526: 10516: 10514: 10501: 10500: 10493: 10483: 10481: 10468: 10467: 10456: 10448: 10441: 10424: 10423: 10416: 10406: 10404: 10389: 10382: 10365: 10364: 10360: 10349:Wayback Machine 10339: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10321:thediplomat.com 10315: 10314: 10310: 10295: 10289: 10285: 10274: 10257: 10253: 10239: 10237: 10230: 10214: 10210: 10196: 10182: 10178: 10167: 10162: 10158: 10152: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10075: 10071: 10061: 10044: 10040: 10030: 10022: 10015: 10004: 10000: 9982: 9973: 9969: 9950: 9941: 9937: 9927: 9904: 9895: 9891: 9881: 9873: 9869: 9859: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9825: 9821: 9810: 9795: 9775: 9756: 9720: 9698:Witzel, Michael 9694: 9690: 9680: 9660: 9656: 9646: 9631: 9622: 9618: 9608: 9592: 9588: 9578: 9576: 9568: 9567: 9563: 9555: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9525: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9503: 9502: 9498: 9485: 9484: 9480: 9467: 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9430: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9415: 9407: 9403: 9398: 9394: 9389: 9388: 9371: 9367: 9359: 9355: 9344: 9336: 9332: 9326: 9322: 9309: 9305: 9300: 9271: 9269:Broader regions 9215: 9208: 9205: 9190:, India, Nepal 8999:UNSD definition 8944:Core definition 8918: 8906: 8895: 8719: 8705: 8613: 8579: 8294:, a separatist 8230:which began in 8217:two-party state 8201:Democracy Index 8174: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8160: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8142: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8125: 8094: 8090: 8047: 8045: 8032:Pakistani rupee 8024: 8015: 7975: 7973: 7945: 7907: 7905: 7879:People's Majlis 7848: 7846: 7825: 7816: 7778: 7776: 7748: 7708: 7706: 7685: 7640: 7638: 7615: 7561: 7559: 7525: 7515: 7510: 7444: 7341:Pulchowk Campus 7271: 7231: 7229:Stock exchanges 7183: 7181: 7136: 7134: 7089: 7087: 7042: 7040: 6995: 6993: 6948: 6946: 6901: 6899: 6854: 6852: 6820:Extreme poverty 6796:Life expectancy 6783:(at $ 1.9/day) 6777: 6760: 6744: 6693: 6675: 6635: 6633: 6624: 6606: 6566: 6564: 6555: 6537: 6497: 6495: 6486: 6468: 6428: 6426: 6417: 6399: 6359: 6357: 6348: 6330: 6290: 6288: 6279: 6261: 6221: 6219: 6210: 6192: 6162:$ 80,912 (2020) 6152:$ 20,136 (2020) 6140: 6138: 6095: 6080: 6060: 5972: 5946: 5940: 5935: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5913: 5912: 5862: 5854: 5803: 5795:Main articles: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5751: 5716: 5714: 5670: 5668: 5624: 5622: 5578: 5576: 5532: 5530: 5486: 5484: 5440: 5438: 5394: 5392: 5348: 5346: 5302: 5300: 5267:State/Province 5249: 5194: 5192: 5146: 5144: 5096: 5094: 5053: 5051: 5001: 4999: 4950: 4948: 4900: 4898: 4856: 4854: 4810:State religion 4794:Arab caliphates 4744: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4723: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4703: 4695: 4693: 4685: 4669: 4643: 4637: 4509:Muslim Punjabis 4407: 4382: 4372: 4366: 4242: 4240: 4185: 4183: 4128: 4126: 4071: 4069: 4014: 4012: 3957: 3955: 3900: 3898: 3843: 3841: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3698: 3696: 3671: 3669: 3644: 3642: 3617: 3615: 3590: 3588: 3563: 3561: 3536: 3534: 3509: 3507: 3466: 3456: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3380:Vindhya Pradesh 3309: 3301: 3296: 3295: 3268:Delhi Sultanate 3260:Vaghela dynasty 3248:Western Satraps 3204: 3196: 3183: 3109: 3090: 3042: 3037: 3033:Main category: 3031: 2919: 2913: 2897:Tibetan Plateau 2793: 2792: 2779: 2777: 2764: 2762: 2749: 2747: 2734: 2732: 2719: 2717: 2704: 2702: 2689: 2687: 2674: 2672: 2660: 2658: 2646: 2644: 2632: 2630: 2618: 2616: 2613:, wet & dry 2603: 2601: 2589: 2587: 2575: 2562: 2554:Iranian Plateau 2534:Tibetan plateau 2530:Himalayan range 2508:Pamir Mountains 2448: 2442: 2402: 2368: 2362: 2301:economic issues 2290:Sino-Indian War 2230:princely states 2226: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2192: 2128:divide-and-rule 2124:British traders 2112:Nawab of Bengal 2072:princely states 1980: 1922:Delhi Sultanate 1908:Sultan of Delhi 1867: 1861: 1829:Seleucid Empire 1825:edicts of Aśoka 1821:Bamiyan Buddhas 1797: 1793: 1778: 1743: 1718:Mature Harappan 1701: 1676: 1651: 1646: 1639: 1628: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1557: 1556: 1545: 1539: 1483: 1477: 1393: 1333: 1328: 1222:Delhi Sultanate 1126:Pamir Mountains 1104:and two out of 1009: 1008: 1001: 1000: 993: 982: 968: 956: 944: 932: 920: 908: 896: 884: 872: 860: 850: 845: 844: 775: 772: 750: 733: 711: 689: 672: 671: 659: 656: 634: 577: 505: 478: 456: 455: 450: 389: 388: 376: 364: 362: 359: 358: 343: 332: 330: 327: 326: 319: 308: 306: 295: 293: 282: 280: 269: 267: 256: 254: 243: 241: 230: 228: 225: 224: 210: 117: 101: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 24762: 24752: 24751: 24746: 24741: 24724: 24723: 24721: 24720: 24715: 24710: 24705: 24700: 24695: 24693:Newar movement 24690: 24685: 24680: 24675: 24670: 24664: 24662: 24658: 24657: 24655: 24654: 24649: 24648: 24647: 24637: 24636: 24635: 24628:Englishisation 24624: 24622: 24615: 24614: 24611: 24610: 24608: 24607: 24601: 24599: 24595: 24594: 24592: 24591: 24585: 24583: 24577: 24576: 24574: 24573: 24568: 24563: 24558: 24553: 24548: 24543: 24538: 24533: 24528: 24523: 24517: 24515: 24509: 24508: 24506: 24505: 24500: 24495: 24490: 24484: 24482: 24476: 24475: 24473: 24472: 24467: 24466:(Undeciphered) 24461: 24456: 24449: 24447: 24440: 24436: 24435: 24432: 24431: 24429: 24428: 24423: 24417: 24415: 24409: 24408: 24406: 24405: 24400: 24395: 24390: 24385: 24380: 24375: 24370: 24365: 24360: 24355: 24350: 24345: 24340: 24335: 24329: 24327: 24321: 24320: 24318: 24317: 24312: 24306: 24304: 24298: 24297: 24295: 24294: 24289: 24283: 24281: 24275: 24274: 24272: 24271: 24266: 24261: 24256: 24251: 24245: 24243: 24237: 24236: 24234: 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24207: 24205: 24199: 24198: 24196: 24195: 24189: 24187: 24181: 24180: 24178: 24177: 24172: 24167: 24162: 24156: 24154: 24148: 24147: 24145: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24128: 24126: 24120: 24119: 24117: 24116: 24111: 24106: 24101: 24095: 24093: 24087: 24086: 24084: 24083: 24078: 24073: 24068: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24043: 24038: 24033: 24028: 24023: 24018: 24013: 24008: 24003: 23998: 23993: 23992: 23991: 23986: 23981: 23971: 23966: 23961: 23956: 23951: 23946: 23941: 23936: 23931: 23925: 23923: 23917: 23916: 23914: 23913: 23912: 23911: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23880: 23878: 23872: 23871: 23869: 23868: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23848: 23843: 23837: 23835: 23829: 23828: 23826: 23825: 23820: 23814: 23812: 23803: 23797: 23796: 23794: 23793: 23788: 23783: 23778: 23773: 23772: 23771: 23766: 23761: 23751: 23746: 23741: 23735: 23733: 23729: 23728: 23720: 23719: 23712: 23705: 23697: 23688: 23687: 23685: 23684: 23683: 23682: 23681: 23680: 23675: 23670: 23655: 23650: 23645: 23640: 23634: 23632: 23625: 23624: 23622: 23621: 23616: 23611: 23606: 23601: 23596: 23591: 23586: 23580: 23578: 23574: 23573: 23571: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23554: 23552: 23548: 23547: 23545: 23544: 23539: 23538: 23537: 23532: 23521: 23519: 23515: 23514: 23512: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23496: 23491: 23486: 23481: 23476: 23471: 23466: 23461: 23456: 23451: 23445: 23443: 23439: 23438: 23436: 23435: 23429: 23427: 23423: 23422: 23420: 23419: 23414: 23412:Mysore Plateau 23409: 23407:Ladakh Plateau 23404: 23399: 23397:Deccan Plateau 23393: 23391: 23387: 23386: 23384: 23383: 23378: 23373: 23368: 23363: 23358: 23353: 23348: 23343: 23341:Cardamom Hills 23338: 23333: 23328: 23326:Himachal Range 23323: 23321:Shivalik Hills 23318: 23313: 23308: 23303: 23298: 23296:Aravalli Range 23293: 23288: 23283: 23282: 23281: 23268: 23266: 23262: 23261: 23253: 23252: 23245: 23238: 23230: 23221: 23220: 23218: 23217: 23212: 23211: 23210: 23205: 23204: 23203: 23196:Biga Peninsula 23193: 23188: 23183: 23178: 23173: 23168: 23163: 23158: 23153: 23148: 23143: 23138: 23133: 23128: 23123: 23118: 23113: 23108: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23073: 23072: 23071: 23070: 23069: 23064: 23059: 23054: 23049: 23044: 23037:South Caucasus 23034: 23033: 23032: 23027: 23012: 23007: 23006: 23005: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22978:Arabian Desert 22975: 22970: 22965: 22964: 22963: 22958: 22953: 22948: 22943: 22938: 22937: 22936: 22926: 22921: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22871: 22866: 22851: 22846: 22841: 22836: 22831: 22826: 22825: 22824: 22819: 22817:Akkad (region) 22814: 22812:Nineveh Plains 22809: 22804: 22799: 22789: 22784: 22779: 22778: 22777: 22776: 22775: 22770: 22760: 22758:Eastern Arabia 22755: 22750: 22745: 22744: 22743: 22728: 22723: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22702: 22701: 22696: 22691: 22681: 22680: 22679: 22669: 22664: 22659: 22658: 22657: 22655:Hanish Islands 22646: 22644: 22628: 22627: 22625: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22609: 22604: 22599: 22598: 22597: 22592: 22582: 22577: 22576: 22575: 22570: 22560: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22540: 22538:Gulf of Mannar 22535: 22534: 22533: 22523: 22518: 22517: 22516: 22506: 22501: 22500: 22499: 22489: 22484: 22483: 22482: 22477: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22435:Deccan Plateau 22432: 22427: 22422: 22417: 22412: 22407: 22402: 22397: 22392: 22391: 22390: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22360: 22355: 22354: 22353: 22348: 22346:Kashmir Valley 22338: 22333: 22332: 22331: 22326: 22316: 22311: 22306: 22301: 22296: 22291: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22261: 22260: 22259: 22254: 22244: 22239: 22234: 22229: 22228: 22227: 22222: 22221: 22220: 22210: 22199: 22197: 22181: 22180: 22178: 22177: 22172: 22167: 22162: 22153: 22148: 22143: 22138: 22133: 22128: 22127: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22106: 22101: 22100: 22099: 22085: 22084: 22083: 22082: 22081: 22076: 22066: 22052: 22051: 22050: 22040: 22035: 22029: 22027: 22013: 22012: 22010: 22009: 22004: 21999: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21963: 21962: 21957: 21952: 21947: 21942: 21927: 21922: 21917: 21916: 21915: 21914: 21913: 21908: 21898: 21893: 21879: 21878: 21877: 21875:Ural Mountains 21867: 21862: 21857: 21856: 21855: 21844: 21842: 21828: 21827: 21825: 21824: 21819: 21814: 21809: 21800: 21795: 21790: 21785: 21780: 21775: 21770: 21769: 21768: 21758: 21756:Gulf of Tonkin 21753: 21748: 21743: 21738: 21733: 21728: 21727: 21726: 21721: 21711: 21706: 21701: 21696: 21691: 21686: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21641: 21636: 21631: 21630: 21629: 21624: 21619: 21614: 21609: 21604: 21594: 21589: 21588: 21587: 21577: 21576: 21575: 21570: 21565: 21560: 21550: 21545: 21543:Outer Mongolia 21540: 21538:Inner Mongolia 21535: 21534: 21533: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21498: 21497: 21496: 21491: 21481: 21475: 21473: 21459: 21458: 21456: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21444: 21443: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21383: 21378: 21373: 21372: 21371: 21361: 21360: 21359: 21354: 21344: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21318: 21317: 21307: 21302: 21301: 21300: 21298:Sea of Galilee 21295: 21290: 21285: 21283:Aralkum Desert 21275: 21270: 21264: 21262: 21246: 21245: 21234: 21233: 21226: 21219: 21211: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21198: 21193: 21188: 21183: 21178: 21172: 21170: 21164: 21163: 21161: 21160: 21155: 21150: 21144: 21142: 21138: 21137: 21135: 21134: 21129: 21123: 21121: 21115: 21114: 21112: 21111: 21110: 21109: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21078: 21076: 21070: 21069: 21067: 21066: 21065: 21064: 21059: 21054: 21044: 21039: 21038: 21037: 21032: 21027: 21022: 21011: 21009: 21003: 21002: 21000: 20999: 20994: 20989: 20984: 20979: 20974: 20969: 20964: 20959: 20958: 20957: 20946: 20944: 20938: 20937: 20935: 20934: 20929: 20924: 20923: 20922: 20917: 20912: 20902: 20896: 20894: 20884: 20883: 20881: 20880: 20878:Climate change 20875: 20869: 20867: 20861: 20860: 20858: 20857: 20852: 20847: 20842: 20837: 20832: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20812: 20807: 20802: 20797: 20791: 20789: 20783: 20782: 20780: 20779: 20774: 20773: 20772: 20767: 20762: 20757: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20703: 20701: 20695: 20694: 20687: 20685: 20683: 20682: 20677: 20676: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20660: 20650: 20645: 20644: 20643: 20633: 20628: 20623: 20622: 20621: 20616: 20611: 20606: 20605: 20604: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20573: 20571: 20565: 20564: 20557: 20556: 20549: 20542: 20534: 20525: 20524: 20520: 20519: 20512: 20509: 20503: 20502: 20500: 20493: 20490: 20489: 20488:Southeast Asia 20486: 20471: 20469: 20465: 20464: 20462: 20455: 20452: 20451: 20448: 20445: 20437: 20434: 20433: 20428: 20427: 20420: 20413: 20405: 20399: 20398: 20392: 20386: 20373: 20367: 20359: 20358:External links 20356: 20355: 20354: 20345: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20328: 20298: 20293: 20278: 20258:Thapar, Romila 20254: 20230: 20221: 20216: 20201: 20195: 20180: 20175: 20155: 20149: 20134: 20128: 20113: 20107: 20089: 20083: 20068: 20060:Michaels, Axel 20056: 20051: 20033:Metcalf, T. R. 20025: 20019: 20004: 19999: 19984: 19979: 19959: 19954: 19937: 19931: 19916: 19907: 19901: 19885: 19879: 19864: 19859: 19839: 19833: 19817: 19805: 19786: 19780: 19765: 19759: 19744: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19705: 19677: 19651: 19621: 19584: 19571:meadev.gov.in/ 19558: 19534: 19527: 19509: 19505:Hanhimaki 2004 19497: 19487: 19469: 19459: 19430: 19405: 19393: 19363: 19338: 19313: 19288:The Asan Forum 19273: 19237: 19211: 19199: 19187: 19150: 19138: 19119:(2): 281–295. 19099: 19069: 19058:on 12 May 2020 19039: 19013: 18990:Gowen, Annie. 18982: 18960: 18946: 18925: 18914:on 21 May 2009 18895: 18884:. 25 July 2018 18881:Foreign Policy 18867: 18856:on 7 July 2015 18841: 18839:, p. 125. 18829: 18827:, p. 304. 18817: 18785: 18770: 18752: 18704: 18682: 18643: 18612: 18582: 18557: 18546:on 6 July 2008 18531: 18506: 18477: 18446: 18428: 18398: 18368: 18355: 18338: 18331: 18313: 18296: 18284: 18272: 18248: 18225: 18211: 18190: 18163: 18133: 18103: 18073: 18048: 18033: 18008: 17970: 17940: 17929:. October 2019 17912: 17886: 17849: 17816: 17790: 17764: 17739: 17714: 17684: 17674: 17665: 17636: 17612: 17594: 17583:. October 2022 17568: 17557:. October 2022 17542: 17517: 17488: 17453: 17442:on 1 July 2017 17424: 17391: 17365: 17339: 17305: 17286: 17261: 17235: 17201: 17186: 17156: 17130: 17105: 17079: 17060:(6): 381–382. 17040: 17033: 17013: 16988: 16949: 16923: 16887: 16859: 16837: 16811: 16785: 16772: 16742: 16723: 16701: 16673: 16648: 16629: 16609: 16602: 16584: 16567:Adams, C. J., 16557: 16531: 16501: 16489: 16475: 16450: 16436: 16409: 16402: 16382: 16362: 16335: 16316: 16290: 16283: 16265: 16250: 16235: 16217: 16185: 16154: 16147: 16129: 16110: 16084: 16077: 16057: 16031: 15998: 15965: 15950: 15938:www.shh.mpg.de 15925: 15911: 15881: 15866: 15851: 15832: 15811: 15804: 15784: 15769: 15756: 15736: 15711: 15685: 15655: 15636: 15607:(4): 537–547. 15587: 15558: 15551: 15523: 15496: 15466: 15435: 15418: 15389:(2): 287–326. 15369: 15347: 15324: 15289: 15253: 15227: 15190:(4): 293–305. 15170: 15138: 15112: 15077:(7): 594–601. 15061: 15046: 15016: 15001: 14967: 14952: 14922: 14886: 14859:Earth's Future 14842: 14830: 14818: 14793: 14718: 14698: 14678: 14658: 14645:M. Asif Khan, 14638: 14611: 14591: 14572: 14552: 14526: 14499: 14473: 14447: 14418: 14411: 14381: 14352: 14326: 14300: 14267: 14241: 14215: 14194: 14183:. 11 July 2023 14165: 14140: 14118: 14084: 14059: 14044: 14029:Sen, Somdeep. 14021: 13988: 13963: 13937: 13911: 13885: 13860: 13840:The New Yorker 13826: 13803: 13774: 13749: 13742: 13722: 13715: 13687: 13662: 13635: 13605: 13593: 13567: 13541: 13534: 13514: 13503: 13482: 13475: 13446: 13434: 13419: 13412: 13392: 13373: 13362: 13342: 13328: 13299: 13292: 13274: 13267: 13249: 13230: 13197: 13178: 13155: 13136: 13105: 13086: 13066: 13052: 13046:. p. 21. 13034:Böröcz, József 13025: 13008: 13001: 12978: 12971: 12951: 12929: 12922: 12901: 12894: 12878:Kulke, Hermann 12869: 12859: 12839: 12829: 12806: 12799: 12778: 12750: 12730: 12711: 12692: 12685: 12662: 12653: 12637: 12630: 12610: 12603: 12585: 12578: 12564:Jackson, Peter 12550: 12548: 12547: 12540: 12527: 12498: 12492: 12471: 12445: 12426: 12406: 12379: 12360: 12340: 12321: 12301: 12282: 12262: 12250: 12238: 12226: 12219: 12199: 12192: 12172: 12156: 12138: 12126: 12114: 12102: 12090: 12088:, p. 135. 12078: 12059: 12039: 12027: 12012: 11997: 11985: 11973: 11961: 11949: 11937: 11925: 11908: 11906:, p. 3-4. 11896: 11884: 11867: 11855: 11843: 11831: 11824: 11806: 11786: 11779: 11756: 11749: 11730: 11709: 11691: 11671: 11664: 11644: 11632: 11622: 11594: 11523: 11474: 11467: 11449: 11423: 11415: 11392: 11369: 11346: 11327: 11308: 11289: 11259: 11229: 11203: 11184: 11165: 11135: 11115: 11084: 11062: 11054: 11034: 11007: 10995: 10988: 10970: 10951: 10931: 10918: 10892: 10885: 10864: 10857: 10839: 10813: 10787: 10767: 10747: 10739: 10719: 10712: 10692: 10673: 10648: 10628: 10609: 10584: 10553: 10524: 10491: 10454: 10452:, p. 193. 10439: 10414: 10380: 10358: 10333: 10308: 10306:, p. 222. 10283: 10272: 10251: 10228: 10208: 10201:Joya Chatterji 10194: 10176: 10156: 10150: 10144:, p. 85, 10124: 10101: 10095: 10069: 10038: 10013: 9998: 9967: 9935: 9889: 9867: 9845: 9819: 9784:Vedic Sanskrit 9754: 9736:Doniger, Wendy 9727:tape-recording 9718: 9688: 9678: 9654: 9616: 9606: 9586: 9561: 9546: 9514: 9496: 9478: 9460: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9401: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9365: 9353: 9330: 9320: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9295: 9294: 9289: 9288: 9287: 9277: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9244:by Rob Johnson 9237: 9232: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9171:1,465,236,000 9169: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9131: 9128: 9125: 9122: 9121:1,485,909,931 9119: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9077: 9074: 9069: 9066: 9065:1,626,000,000 9063: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9017: 9014: 9011: 9008: 9007:1,702,000,000 9005: 9002: 8995: 8994: 8991: 8988: 8962: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8952:1,726,907,000 8950: 8947: 8946:of South Asia 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8926: 8923: 8920: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8894: 8891: 8835:nuclear threat 8826:, US sent its 8741:, has world's 8704: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8639: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8609: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8581: 8575: 8574: 8571: 8568: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8536: 8533: 8530: 8527: 8524: 8521: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8499: 8496: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8368:Gorkha Kingdom 8232:colonial India 8188:prime minister 8161: 8154: 8153: 8152: 8143: 8136: 8135: 8134: 8126: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8104: 8096: 8085: 8080: 8078:Prime Minister 8075: 8070: 8061: 8056: 8042: 8041: 8034: 8026: 8019: 8010: 8008:Prime Minister 8005: 8000: 7989: 7984: 7970: 7969: 7962: 7960:Nepalese rupee 7954: 7949: 7940: 7938:Prime Minister 7935: 7930: 7921: 7916: 7902: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7862: 7857: 7843: 7842: 7835: 7827: 7820: 7811: 7809:Prime Minister 7806: 7801: 7792: 7787: 7773: 7772: 7765: 7757: 7752: 7743: 7741:Prime Minister 7738: 7733: 7722: 7717: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7687: 7680: 7678:Jatiya Sangsad 7675: 7673:Prime Minister 7670: 7665: 7654: 7649: 7635: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7610: 7605: 7603:Prime Minister 7600: 7598:Supreme Leader 7595: 7575: 7570: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7539:Head of state 7537: 7534: 7531: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7443: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7270: 7267: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7177: 7176: 7175:1,766 (128th) 7173: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7146: 7130: 7129: 7128:1,510 (136th) 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7108: 7105: 7104:17.50% (2019) 7102: 7099: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7036: 7035: 7034:3,042 (115th) 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6963:37.34% (2010) 6961: 6958: 6942: 6941: 6940:2,787 (117th) 6938: 6935: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6916:24.64% (2019) 6914: 6911: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6870: 6867: 6864: 6848: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6818:Population in 6816: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6759: 6756: 6753: 6752: 6749: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6680: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6630: 6629: 6611: 6593: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6561: 6560: 6542: 6524: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6492: 6491: 6473: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6423: 6422: 6404: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6354: 6353: 6335: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6308: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6285: 6284: 6266: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6216: 6215: 6197: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6167:$ 2,456 (2020) 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6135: 6134: 6124: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6090: 6085:GDP per capita 6082: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6064: 6061: 5942:Main article: 5939: 5936: 5931:Main article: 5928: 5925: 5920:Main article: 5917: 5914: 5909:Southeast Asia 5867:refers to the 5863: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5811:Afghan soldier 5792: 5789: 5778:Main article: 5775: 5772: 5760: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5725: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5679: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5633: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5587: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5541: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5495: 5482: 5480:Dhaka Division 5477: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5449: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5403: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5357: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5311: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5282:Density (/km) 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5105: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5010: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4945: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4909: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4851: 4850: 4849:Year reported 4847: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4714: 4704: 4694: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4639:Main article: 4636: 4633: 4607:Balti language 4535:Tibetan script 4517:Hindu Punjabis 4368:Main article: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4347: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3778: 3764: 3761: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3455: 3452: 3444:Tamil minority 3400: 3397: 3392:Madhya Pradesh 3350:Madhya Pradesh 3346:Maratha Empire 3310: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3276:Maratha Empire 3205: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3108: 3105: 3089: 3086: 3041: 3038: 3030: 3027: 2975:mortality and 2965:Sea level rise 2915:Main article: 2912: 2911:Climate change 2909: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2872: 2871: 2869:Alpine climate 2861: 2860: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2835: 2829: 2778: 2763: 2748: 2733: 2718: 2703: 2688: 2673: 2668:Cold semi arid 2659: 2645: 2631: 2617: 2602: 2588: 2574: 2573: 2561: 2558: 2519:supercontinent 2460:Eurasian Plate 2444:Main article: 2441: 2438: 2361: 2358: 2315:GDP per capita 2216: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2164:Mahatma Gandhi 2020:Andhra Pradesh 1979: 1976: 1865:Medieval India 1860: 1857: 1811:stayed in the 1800:), founder of 1739:, lasted from 1675: 1672: 1650: 1647: 1627: 1624: 1589: 1588: 1579: 1578: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1559: 1558: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1538: 1535: 1476: 1473: 1392: 1389: 1361:British Empire 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1228:. The Islamic 1214:Zoroastrianism 1175:stratification 1128:in the north. 1090:Southeast Asia 1017: 1016: 991: 984: 983: 981: 980: 979: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 918: 906: 894: 882: 870: 858: 840: 839: 838: 836: 835:Largest cities 832: 831: 829:Zone 8 & 9 826: 822: 821: 784: 777: 776: 774: 773: 771: 770: 765: 759: 751: 749: 748: 742: 734: 732: 731: 726: 720: 712: 710: 709: 704: 698: 690: 688: 687: 681: 669: 668: 667: 665: 661: 660: 658: 657: 655: 654: 649: 643: 635: 633: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 586: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 514: 506: 504: 503: 498: 493: 487: 479: 477: 476: 471: 465: 453: 452: 451: 449: 448: 443: 438: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 395: 386: 385: 384: 382: 378: 377: 375: 374: 353: 352: 351: 349: 345: 344: 342: 341: 322: 321: 320: 318: 317: 304: 291: 278: 265: 252: 239: 220: 219: 218: 216: 212: 211: 209: 208: 202: 200: 194: 193: 187:Zoroastrianism 160: 156: 155: 129: 123: 122: 115:0.641 (2019) ( 108: 104: 103: 98: 97:GDP per capita 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 82: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 24761: 24750: 24747: 24745: 24742: 24740: 24737: 24736: 24734: 24719: 24718:Urdu movement 24716: 24714: 24711: 24709: 24706: 24704: 24701: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24684: 24681: 24679: 24676: 24674: 24671: 24669: 24666: 24665: 24663: 24659: 24653: 24650: 24646: 24643: 24642: 24641: 24638: 24634: 24631: 24630: 24629: 24626: 24625: 24623: 24616: 24606: 24603: 24602: 24600: 24596: 24590: 24587: 24586: 24584: 24582: 24578: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24559: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24547: 24544: 24542: 24539: 24537: 24534: 24532: 24529: 24527: 24524: 24522: 24519: 24518: 24516: 24514: 24510: 24504: 24501: 24499: 24496: 24494: 24491: 24489: 24486: 24485: 24483: 24481: 24477: 24471: 24468: 24465: 24462: 24460: 24457: 24454: 24451: 24450: 24448: 24444: 24441: 24437: 24427: 24424: 24422: 24419: 24418: 24416: 24414: 24410: 24404: 24401: 24399: 24396: 24394: 24391: 24389: 24386: 24384: 24381: 24379: 24376: 24374: 24371: 24369: 24366: 24364: 24361: 24359: 24356: 24354: 24351: 24349: 24346: 24344: 24341: 24339: 24336: 24334: 24331: 24330: 24328: 24326: 24322: 24316: 24313: 24311: 24308: 24307: 24305: 24303: 24299: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24284: 24282: 24280: 24276: 24270: 24267: 24265: 24262: 24260: 24257: 24255: 24252: 24250: 24247: 24246: 24244: 24242: 24238: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24208: 24206: 24204: 24200: 24194: 24191: 24190: 24188: 24186: 24185:Malay creoles 24182: 24176: 24173: 24171: 24168: 24166: 24163: 24161: 24158: 24157: 24155: 24153: 24149: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24129: 24127: 24125: 24121: 24115: 24112: 24110: 24107: 24105: 24102: 24100: 24097: 24096: 24094: 24092: 24088: 24082: 24079: 24077: 24074: 24072: 24069: 24067: 24064: 24062: 24059: 24057: 24054: 24052: 24049: 24047: 24044: 24042: 24039: 24037: 24034: 24032: 24029: 24027: 24024: 24022: 24019: 24017: 24014: 24012: 24009: 24007: 24004: 24002: 23999: 23997: 23994: 23990: 23987: 23985: 23982: 23980: 23977: 23976: 23975: 23972: 23970: 23967: 23965: 23962: 23960: 23957: 23955: 23952: 23950: 23947: 23945: 23942: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23927: 23926: 23924: 23922: 23918: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23892: 23890: 23887: 23886: 23885: 23882: 23881: 23879: 23877: 23873: 23867: 23864: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23838: 23836: 23834: 23830: 23824: 23821: 23819: 23816: 23815: 23813: 23811: 23807: 23804: 23798: 23792: 23789: 23787: 23784: 23782: 23779: 23777: 23774: 23770: 23767: 23765: 23762: 23760: 23757: 23756: 23755: 23752: 23750: 23747: 23745: 23742: 23740: 23737: 23736: 23734: 23730: 23726: 23718: 23713: 23711: 23706: 23704: 23699: 23698: 23695: 23679: 23676: 23674: 23671: 23669: 23666: 23665: 23664: 23661: 23660: 23659: 23656: 23654: 23651: 23649: 23646: 23644: 23641: 23639: 23636: 23635: 23633: 23631: 23626: 23620: 23617: 23615: 23612: 23610: 23607: 23605: 23602: 23600: 23597: 23595: 23592: 23590: 23587: 23585: 23582: 23581: 23579: 23575: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23555: 23553: 23549: 23543: 23540: 23536: 23533: 23531: 23528: 23527: 23526: 23525:Coastal India 23523: 23522: 23520: 23516: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23500: 23499:Rann of Kutch 23497: 23495: 23492: 23490: 23487: 23485: 23482: 23480: 23477: 23475: 23472: 23470: 23467: 23465: 23462: 23460: 23457: 23455: 23452: 23450: 23447: 23446: 23444: 23440: 23434: 23431: 23430: 23428: 23424: 23418: 23415: 23413: 23410: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23394: 23392: 23388: 23382: 23379: 23377: 23374: 23372: 23369: 23367: 23364: 23362: 23359: 23357: 23354: 23352: 23349: 23347: 23344: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23332: 23329: 23327: 23324: 23322: 23319: 23317: 23314: 23312: 23311:Satpura Range 23309: 23307: 23306:Vindhya Range 23304: 23302: 23299: 23297: 23294: 23292: 23291:Eastern Ghats 23289: 23287: 23286:Western Ghats 23284: 23279: 23278:Mount Everest 23275: 23274: 23273: 23270: 23269: 23267: 23263: 23259: 23256:Geography of 23251: 23246: 23244: 23239: 23237: 23232: 23231: 23228: 23216: 23213: 23209: 23206: 23202: 23199: 23198: 23197: 23194: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23179: 23177: 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23162: 23159: 23157: 23154: 23152: 23149: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23137: 23134: 23132: 23129: 23127: 23124: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23112: 23109: 23107: 23104: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23078: 23077: 23074: 23068: 23065: 23063: 23060: 23058: 23055: 23053: 23050: 23048: 23045: 23043: 23040: 23039: 23038: 23035: 23031: 23028: 23026: 23023: 23022: 23021: 23018: 23017: 23016: 23013: 23011: 23008: 23004: 23003:Dasht-e Kavir 23001: 23000: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22968:Levantine Sea 22966: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22947: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22935: 22934:Aram-Naharaim 22932: 22931: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22909:Syrian Desert 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22884:Golan Heights 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22861: 22859: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22837: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22823: 22820: 22818: 22815: 22813: 22810: 22808: 22805: 22803: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22794: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22765: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22754: 22751: 22749: 22746: 22742: 22739: 22738: 22737: 22734: 22733: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22716:Gulf of Aqaba 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22686: 22685: 22682: 22678: 22675: 22674: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22656: 22653: 22652: 22651: 22648: 22647: 22645: 22641: 22633: 22629: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22617:Tropical Asia 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22587: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22580:Paropamisadae 22578: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22565: 22564: 22561: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22549: 22546: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22532: 22529: 22528: 22527: 22526:Gulf of Kutch 22524: 22522: 22519: 22515: 22514:Bay of Bengal 22512: 22511: 22510: 22507: 22505: 22502: 22498: 22495: 22494: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22481: 22480:Shigar Valley 22478: 22476: 22473: 22472: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22418: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22406: 22403: 22401: 22398: 22396: 22393: 22389: 22386: 22385: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22343: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22321: 22320: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22305: 22302: 22300: 22297: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22289:Eastern Ghats 22287: 22285: 22284:Western Ghats 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22258: 22255: 22253: 22252:Kangchenjunga 22250: 22249: 22248: 22245: 22243: 22240: 22238: 22237:Greater India 22235: 22233: 22230: 22226: 22223: 22219: 22216: 22215: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22206: 22205: 22204: 22201: 22200: 22198: 22194: 22186: 22182: 22176: 22175:Tropical Asia 22173: 22171: 22168: 22166: 22163: 22161: 22157: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22147: 22144: 22142: 22139: 22137: 22134: 22132: 22129: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22111: 22110: 22107: 22105: 22102: 22098: 22095: 22094: 22093: 22089: 22086: 22080: 22077: 22075: 22072: 22071: 22070: 22069:Sunda Islands 22067: 22065: 22062: 22061: 22060: 22056: 22053: 22049: 22046: 22045: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22034: 22031: 22030: 22028: 22024: 22018: 22014: 22008: 22005: 22003: 22000: 21998: 21995: 21993: 21992:Bering Strait 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21977:Yenisey Basin 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21961: 21958: 21956: 21953: 21951: 21950:Khatanga Gulf 21948: 21946: 21945:Baraba steppe 21943: 21940: 21936: 21933: 21932: 21931: 21928: 21926: 21923: 21921: 21920:Extreme North 21918: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21903: 21902: 21899: 21897: 21894: 21892: 21889: 21888: 21887: 21883: 21880: 21876: 21873: 21872: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21854: 21853:Arctic Circle 21851: 21850: 21849: 21846: 21845: 21843: 21839: 21833: 21829: 21823: 21822:Tropical Asia 21820: 21818: 21815: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21794: 21791: 21789: 21786: 21784: 21783:Yenisey Basin 21781: 21779: 21776: 21774: 21771: 21767: 21766:Yangtze Delta 21764: 21763: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21752: 21749: 21747: 21744: 21742: 21741:Japanese Alps 21739: 21737: 21734: 21732: 21729: 21725: 21722: 21720: 21719:Loess Plateau 21717: 21716: 21715: 21712: 21710: 21707: 21705: 21702: 21700: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21690: 21687: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21654:Hexi Corridor 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21644:Sichuan Basin 21642: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21628: 21625: 21623: 21620: 21618: 21615: 21613: 21610: 21608: 21605: 21603: 21600: 21599: 21598: 21595: 21593: 21590: 21586: 21585:Yan Mountains 21583: 21582: 21581: 21578: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21555: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21532: 21529: 21528: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21486: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21476: 21474: 21470: 21464: 21460: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21442: 21439: 21438: 21437: 21434: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21382: 21379: 21377: 21374: 21370: 21369:Kazakh Steppe 21367: 21366: 21365: 21362: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21352:Kazakh Steppe 21350: 21349: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21316: 21313: 21312: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21299: 21296: 21294: 21291: 21289: 21286: 21284: 21281: 21280: 21279: 21276: 21274: 21271: 21269: 21266: 21265: 21263: 21259: 21258: 21251: 21247: 21243: 21239: 21232: 21227: 21225: 21220: 21218: 21213: 21212: 21209: 21197: 21194: 21192: 21189: 21187: 21184: 21182: 21179: 21177: 21174: 21173: 21171: 21169: 21165: 21159: 21156: 21154: 21151: 21149: 21146: 21145: 21143: 21139: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21124: 21122: 21120: 21116: 21108: 21105: 21104: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21079: 21077: 21075: 21071: 21063: 21060: 21058: 21055: 21053: 21050: 21049: 21048: 21045: 21043: 21040: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21018: 21017: 21016: 21013: 21012: 21010: 21008: 21004: 20998: 20995: 20993: 20990: 20988: 20985: 20983: 20980: 20978: 20975: 20973: 20970: 20968: 20965: 20963: 20960: 20956: 20953: 20952: 20951: 20948: 20947: 20945: 20943: 20939: 20933: 20930: 20928: 20925: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20907: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20897: 20895: 20893: 20889: 20885: 20879: 20876: 20874: 20871: 20870: 20868: 20866: 20862: 20856: 20853: 20851: 20848: 20846: 20843: 20841: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20813: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20801: 20798: 20796: 20795:Architecture‎ 20793: 20792: 20790: 20788: 20784: 20778: 20775: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20752: 20751:Other groups 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20742:Tibeto-Burman 20740: 20738: 20735: 20733: 20730: 20728: 20725: 20723: 20720: 20718: 20715: 20713: 20712:Austroasiatic 20710: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20702: 20700: 20699:Ethnic groups 20696: 20691: 20681: 20678: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20656: 20655: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20642: 20639: 20638: 20637: 20634: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20620: 20617: 20615: 20612: 20610: 20607: 20603: 20600: 20599: 20598: 20595: 20594: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20574: 20572: 20570: 20566: 20562: 20555: 20550: 20548: 20543: 20541: 20536: 20535: 20532: 20516: 20515:Bay of Bengal 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20504: 20501: 20494: 20492: 20491: 20487: 20479: 20470: 20467: 20466: 20463: 20456: 20454: 20453: 20449: 20446: 20441: 20440: 20435: 20426: 20421: 20419: 20414: 20412: 20407: 20406: 20403: 20396: 20393: 20390: 20387: 20384: 20380: 20377: 20374: 20371: 20368: 20365: 20362: 20361: 20351: 20346: 20342: 20337: 20336: 20322: 20318: 20314: 20307: 20303: 20299: 20296: 20290: 20286: 20285: 20279: 20275: 20271: 20266: 20265: 20259: 20255: 20248: 20241: 20240: 20235: 20234:Stein, Burton 20231: 20227: 20222: 20219: 20213: 20210:, Routledge, 20209: 20208: 20202: 20198: 20192: 20189:. Routledge. 20188: 20187: 20181: 20178: 20172: 20168: 20164: 20160: 20156: 20152: 20146: 20142: 20141: 20135: 20131: 20125: 20121: 20120: 20114: 20110: 20104: 20100: 20099: 20094: 20090: 20086: 20080: 20076: 20075: 20069: 20065: 20061: 20057: 20054: 20048: 20044: 20040: 20039: 20034: 20030: 20026: 20022: 20016: 20012: 20011: 20005: 20002: 19996: 19992: 19991: 19985: 19982: 19976: 19973:, Routledge, 19972: 19965: 19960: 19957: 19955:0-19-517221-3 19951: 19946: 19945: 19938: 19934: 19928: 19924: 19923: 19917: 19913: 19908: 19904: 19898: 19894: 19890: 19886: 19882: 19876: 19872: 19871: 19865: 19862: 19856: 19851: 19850: 19844: 19840: 19836: 19830: 19826: 19822: 19818: 19808: 19802: 19798: 19794: 19793: 19787: 19783: 19777: 19773: 19772: 19766: 19762: 19756: 19752: 19751: 19745: 19742: 19738: 19734: 19730: 19726: 19722: 19721: 19715: 19714: 19693: 19692: 19687: 19681: 19665: 19661: 19655: 19639: 19635: 19631: 19630:"About SAARC" 19625: 19606: 19602: 19595: 19588: 19572: 19568: 19562: 19555: 19551: 19547: 19546: 19538: 19530: 19528:0-415-93916-X 19524: 19521:. Routledge. 19520: 19513: 19507:, p. 165 19506: 19501: 19494: 19490: 19484: 19480: 19473: 19466: 19462: 19456: 19452: 19447: 19446: 19440: 19434: 19419: 19415: 19409: 19402: 19397: 19382: 19378: 19374: 19367: 19349: 19342: 19327: 19323: 19317: 19302: 19298: 19294: 19290: 19289: 19284: 19277: 19261: 19256: 19252: 19248: 19241: 19226: 19222: 19215: 19208: 19203: 19196: 19191: 19172: 19168: 19161: 19154: 19148:, p. 71. 19147: 19142: 19134: 19130: 19126: 19122: 19118: 19114: 19110: 19103: 19087: 19083: 19079: 19073: 19057: 19053: 19049: 19043: 19028:. 11 May 2020 19027: 19023: 19017: 19001: 18997: 18993: 18986: 18970: 18964: 18956: 18950: 18935: 18929: 18913: 18909: 18905: 18899: 18883: 18882: 18877: 18871: 18855: 18851: 18845: 18838: 18833: 18826: 18821: 18806: 18802: 18801: 18796: 18789: 18781: 18777: 18773: 18767: 18763: 18756: 18741: 18737: 18733: 18729: 18725: 18721: 18720: 18715: 18708: 18700: 18696: 18692: 18686: 18670: 18666: 18662: 18658: 18654: 18647: 18631: 18627: 18623: 18616: 18600: 18596: 18592: 18586: 18571: 18567: 18561: 18545: 18541: 18535: 18520: 18516: 18510: 18503: 18491: 18487: 18481: 18465: 18461: 18457: 18450: 18442: 18438: 18432: 18416: 18412: 18408: 18402: 18386: 18382: 18378: 18372: 18365: 18359: 18348: 18342: 18334: 18332:92-9223-041-7 18328: 18324: 18317: 18306: 18300: 18293: 18288: 18281: 18276: 18269: 18265: 18262: 18257: 18256:ASER Pakistan 18252: 18241: 18234: 18232: 18230: 18222: 18221: 18215: 18208: 18203: 18201: 18199: 18197: 18195: 18183: 18176: 18174: 18172: 18170: 18168: 18151: 18147: 18143: 18137: 18121: 18117: 18113: 18107: 18091: 18087: 18083: 18077: 18062: 18058: 18052: 18044: 18037: 18022: 18018: 18012: 17993: 17989: 17988: 17987:Credit Suisse 17980: 17974: 17959: 17958: 17957:Credit Suisse 17950: 17944: 17928: 17927: 17926:Credit Suisse 17922: 17916: 17900: 17896: 17890: 17871: 17864: 17858: 17856: 17854: 17837: 17833: 17829: 17823: 17821: 17805: 17801: 17794: 17778: 17774: 17768: 17753: 17749: 17743: 17728: 17724: 17718: 17702: 17698: 17694: 17688: 17678: 17669: 17654: 17650: 17646: 17640: 17624: 17623: 17616: 17608: 17604: 17598: 17582: 17578: 17572: 17556: 17552: 17546: 17531: 17527: 17521: 17505: 17501: 17495: 17493: 17473: 17466: 17460: 17458: 17441: 17437: 17431: 17429: 17413: 17409: 17405: 17401: 17395: 17379: 17375: 17369: 17354: 17350: 17343: 17328: 17324: 17320: 17316: 17309: 17300: 17296: 17290: 17275: 17271: 17265: 17250: 17246: 17239: 17232: 17220: 17216: 17212: 17205: 17198: 17195: 17190: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17160: 17144: 17140: 17134: 17119: 17115: 17109: 17093: 17089: 17083: 17075: 17071: 17067: 17063: 17059: 17055: 17051: 17044: 17036: 17030: 17027:. Routledge. 17026: 17025: 17017: 17002: 16998: 16992: 16977: 16970: 16967:(June 2020). 16966: 16960: 16958: 16956: 16954: 16937: 16933: 16927: 16908: 16904: 16897: 16891: 16875: 16871: 16870: 16863: 16857: 16853: 16849: 16846: 16841: 16825: 16821: 16815: 16799: 16795: 16789: 16782: 16776: 16760: 16756: 16752: 16746: 16739: 16735: 16732: 16727: 16711: 16705: 16685: 16677: 16661: 16655: 16653: 16636: 16632: 16626: 16622: 16621: 16613: 16605: 16599: 16595: 16588: 16581: 16577: 16573: 16570: 16564: 16562: 16545: 16541: 16535: 16527: 16523: 16519: 16515: 16511: 16505: 16498: 16493: 16478: 16472: 16468: 16467: 16459: 16457: 16455: 16439: 16433: 16429: 16428: 16420: 16418: 16416: 16414: 16405: 16399: 16395: 16394: 16386: 16379: 16375: 16372: 16366: 16350: 16346: 16339: 16332: 16328: 16325: 16320: 16313: 16309: 16305: 16302: 16297: 16295: 16286: 16280: 16276: 16269: 16262: 16257: 16255: 16247: 16242: 16240: 16231: 16227: 16221: 16202: 16195: 16189: 16173: 16169: 16163: 16161: 16159: 16150: 16144: 16140: 16133: 16127: 16123: 16120: 16114: 16099: 16095: 16088: 16080: 16074: 16070: 16069: 16061: 16045: 16041: 16035: 16020: 16016: 16012: 16008: 16002: 15987: 15983: 15979: 15978:The Economist 15975: 15969: 15963:John R. McRae 15962: 15959: 15954: 15939: 15935: 15929: 15914: 15908: 15904: 15900: 15896: 15892: 15885: 15879:Robert Didham 15878: 15875: 15870: 15863: 15860: 15855: 15847: 15843: 15836: 15821: 15815: 15807: 15801: 15797: 15796: 15788: 15781: 15778: 15773: 15759: 15753: 15749: 15748: 15740: 15725: 15721: 15715: 15699: 15695: 15689: 15681: 15677: 15673: 15666: 15659: 15651: 15647: 15640: 15632: 15628: 15624: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15606: 15602: 15598: 15591: 15575: 15571: 15565: 15563: 15554: 15552:9780822355427 15548: 15544: 15540: 15536: 15535: 15527: 15519: 15513: 15499: 15493: 15489: 15485: 15481: 15477: 15470: 15462: 15458: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15439: 15431: 15430: 15422: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15388: 15384: 15380: 15373: 15354: 15350: 15344: 15337: 15336: 15328: 15312: 15308: 15304: 15300: 15296: 15292: 15286: 15282: 15278: 15274: 15270: 15266: 15265: 15257: 15238: 15231: 15223: 15219: 15215: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15197: 15193: 15189: 15185: 15181: 15174: 15158: 15154: 15153: 15148: 15142: 15126: 15122: 15116: 15108: 15104: 15100: 15096: 15092: 15088: 15084: 15080: 15076: 15072: 15065: 15057: 15053: 15049: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15031: 15027: 15020: 15012: 15008: 15004: 14998: 14994: 14990: 14986: 14982: 14974: 14972: 14963: 14959: 14955: 14949: 14945: 14941: 14937: 14933: 14926: 14919: 14915: 14909: 14907: 14905: 14903: 14901: 14899: 14897: 14895: 14893: 14891: 14881: 14876: 14872: 14868: 14864: 14860: 14856: 14849: 14847: 14840:, p. 76. 14839: 14834: 14828:, p. 83. 14827: 14822: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14802: 14800: 14798: 14791: 14789: 14785: 14782: 14767: 14763: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14745: 14741: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14722: 14716: 14715:0-8137-2281-0 14712: 14708: 14702: 14696: 14692: 14688: 14682: 14676: 14672: 14668: 14662: 14656: 14652: 14648: 14642: 14634: 14630: 14626: 14622: 14615: 14609: 14605: 14601: 14595: 14586: 14585: 14576: 14570: 14569:0-8476-9907-2 14566: 14562: 14556: 14541: 14537: 14530: 14514: 14510: 14503: 14488: 14484: 14477: 14462: 14458: 14451: 14436: 14432: 14425: 14423: 14414: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14396: 14392: 14385: 14369: 14365: 14359: 14357: 14340: 14336: 14330: 14315: 14311: 14304: 14289: 14285: 14281: 14280:The Economist 14277: 14271: 14256: 14252: 14245: 14229: 14225: 14219: 14211: 14207: 14201: 14199: 14182: 14178: 14172: 14170: 14154: 14150: 14144: 14128: 14122: 14107: 14103: 14099: 14095: 14088: 14073: 14069: 14063: 14056: 14053: 14048: 14032: 14025: 14010: 14006: 14002: 14001:The Economist 13998: 13992: 13977: 13973: 13967: 13951: 13947: 13941: 13925: 13921: 13915: 13900: 13896: 13889: 13874: 13870: 13864: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13830: 13814: 13807: 13791: 13787: 13781: 13779: 13770: 13766: 13762: 13761: 13753: 13745: 13739: 13735: 13734: 13726: 13718: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13700: 13699: 13691: 13676: 13672: 13666: 13658: 13652: 13638: 13632: 13628: 13624: 13620: 13616: 13609: 13603:, p. 97. 13602: 13597: 13581: 13577: 13571: 13555: 13548: 13546: 13537: 13531: 13527: 13526: 13518: 13511: 13506: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13486: 13478: 13472: 13468: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13450: 13443: 13438: 13430: 13423: 13415: 13409: 13405: 13404: 13396: 13389: 13385: 13382: 13377: 13370: 13365: 13359: 13355: 13354: 13346: 13331: 13325: 13321: 13316: 13315: 13309: 13303: 13295: 13289: 13285: 13278: 13270: 13264: 13260: 13253: 13237: 13233: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13201: 13185: 13181: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13159: 13143: 13139: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13124: 13119: 13115: 13109: 13093: 13089: 13083: 13079: 13078: 13070: 13055: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13040: 13035: 13029: 13022: 13021:Maddison 2003 13017: 13015: 13013: 13004: 12998: 12994: 12993: 12988: 12982: 12974: 12968: 12964: 12963: 12955: 12948: 12945: 12941: 12938: 12933: 12925: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12905: 12897: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12873: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12852: 12851: 12843: 12836: 12832: 12826: 12822: 12821: 12816: 12810: 12802: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12782: 12774: 12770: 12766: 12765: 12760: 12754: 12747: 12743: 12740: 12734: 12727: 12723: 12720: 12715: 12708: 12704: 12701: 12696: 12688: 12682: 12678: 12677: 12672: 12666: 12657: 12651: 12647: 12641: 12633: 12631:9788171564422 12627: 12623: 12622: 12614: 12606: 12600: 12596: 12589: 12581: 12575: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12543: 12537: 12533: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12516: 12512: 12509:(1): 91–109. 12508: 12504: 12499: 12495: 12489: 12485: 12480: 12479: 12475: 12459: 12455: 12449: 12433: 12429: 12423: 12419: 12418: 12410: 12393: 12389: 12383: 12367: 12363: 12357: 12353: 12352: 12344: 12328: 12324: 12318: 12314: 12313: 12305: 12289: 12285: 12279: 12275: 12274: 12266: 12259: 12254: 12247: 12242: 12235: 12230: 12222: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12203: 12195: 12189: 12185: 12184: 12176: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12153: 12149: 12142: 12135: 12130: 12123: 12118: 12111: 12106: 12099: 12094: 12087: 12086:Gombrich 2006 12082: 12066: 12062: 12056: 12052: 12051: 12043: 12036: 12031: 12025:, p. 12. 12024: 12019: 12017: 12010:, p. 25. 12009: 12004: 12002: 11994: 11989: 11982: 11977: 11970: 11965: 11958: 11953: 11947:, p. 33. 11946: 11941: 11934: 11929: 11922: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11905: 11900: 11894:, p. 32. 11893: 11892:Michaels 2004 11888: 11882:, p. 33. 11881: 11880:Michaels 2004 11876: 11874: 11872: 11864: 11859: 11853:, p. 24. 11852: 11847: 11841:, p. 23. 11840: 11835: 11827: 11825:0-7147-1336-8 11821: 11817: 11810: 11804: 11803:0-415-43117-4 11800: 11796: 11790: 11782: 11776: 11772: 11771: 11763: 11761: 11752: 11746: 11742: 11741: 11734: 11727: 11726:1-85065-520-0 11723: 11719: 11713: 11698: 11694: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11675: 11667: 11661: 11657: 11656: 11648: 11641: 11636: 11629: 11625: 11623:0-415-30787-2 11619: 11615: 11611: 11610:Jalal, Ayesha 11607: 11601: 11599: 11592: 11591:0-19-513798-1 11588: 11584: 11579: 11578:0-674-04979-9 11575: 11571: 11566: 11565:0-19-856817-7 11562: 11558: 11553: 11552:0-7506-2050-1 11549: 11545: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11516: 11515: 11508: 11507:0-04-910121-8 11504: 11500: 11495: 11494:0-8226-0034-X 11491: 11487: 11481: 11479: 11470: 11464: 11460: 11453: 11446: 11445:0-19-860441-6 11442: 11438: 11437: 11430: 11428: 11418: 11412: 11408: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11378: 11373: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11355: 11350: 11343: 11339: 11336: 11331: 11324: 11320: 11317: 11312: 11305: 11301: 11298: 11293: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11268:"UNICEF ROSA" 11263: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11188: 11181: 11177: 11174: 11169: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11129: 11125: 11119: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11088: 11081: 11077: 11074: 11069: 11067: 11057: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11038: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11016: 11014: 11012: 11004: 10999: 10991: 10985: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10963: 10960: 10955: 10949: 10948:3-11-013417-9 10945: 10941: 10935: 10928: 10925:N. D. Arora, 10922: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10888: 10882: 10878: 10871: 10869: 10860: 10854: 10850: 10843: 10827: 10823: 10817: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10777: 10771: 10765: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10723: 10715: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10696: 10680: 10676: 10670: 10666: 10665: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10646: 10645:0-415-05695-0 10642: 10638: 10632: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10558: 10541: 10537: 10531: 10529: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10496: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10459: 10451: 10446: 10444: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10421: 10419: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10387: 10385: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10337: 10322: 10318: 10312: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10280: 10275: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10255: 10248: 10235: 10231: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10212: 10205: 10202: 10197: 10191: 10187: 10180: 10171: 10165: 10160: 10153: 10147: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10128: 10120: 10114: 10110: 10105: 10098: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10065: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10042: 10034: 10029: 10025: 10020: 10018: 10011: 10007: 10002: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9964: 9960: 9954: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9931: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9914: 9908: 9903: 9899: 9893: 9885: 9880: 9876: 9871: 9863: 9858: 9854: 9849: 9841: 9836: 9832: 9828: 9823: 9814: 9809: 9805: 9799: 9794: 9790: 9785: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9765: 9763: 9757: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9728: 9721: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9692: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9666: 9658: 9650: 9645: 9641: 9635: 9630: 9626: 9620: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9599: 9598: 9590: 9575: 9571: 9565: 9558: 9553: 9551: 9535:. p. 346 9534: 9531: 9524: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9464: 9445: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9433: 9428: 9411: 9405: 9396: 9392: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9369: 9362: 9357: 9350: 9339: 9334: 9324: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9303: 9293: 9290: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9275:Greater India 9273: 9272: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9218: 9212: 9207: 9189: 9185: 9182: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9111: 9104: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9073: 9070: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9018: 9009: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8963: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8890: 8888: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8784: 8780: 8778: 8777:middle powers 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8735:major economy 8732: 8723: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8628: 8625: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8503: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8370:achieved the 8369: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8337:unitary state 8334: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8274: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8243:parliamentary 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8179: 8168: 8164: 8158: 8147: 8140: 8129: 8128:Sansad Bhavan 8123: 8109: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8093: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7995:parliamentary 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7972: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7928: 7927:parliamentary 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7798:parliamentary 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7775: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7728:parliamentary 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660:parliamentary 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7505: 7503: 7497: 7493: 7487: 7482: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7461: 7458:According to 7453: 7448: 7434: 7431: 7428: 7425: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7370: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7298: 7290: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7222:8,283 (77th) 7198:2.92% (2016) 7192: 7191: 7179: 7178: 7166:69.3 (144th) 7148:24.3% (2015) 7145: 7144: 7132: 7131: 7119:70.9 (116th) 7101:25.2% (2010) 7098: 7097: 7085: 7084: 7081:8,555 (74th) 7051: 7050: 7038: 7037: 7028:12,614 (7th) 7025:70.8 (117th) 7019:27.5 (101st) 7007:21.9% (2011) 7004: 7003: 6991: 6990: 6957: 6956: 6944: 6943: 6913:24.3% (2016) 6910: 6909: 6897: 6896: 6884:63.2 (160th) 6878:28.3 (103rd) 6866:54.5% (2016) 6863: 6862: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6827: 6824: 6821: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6750: 6747: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6678: 6672: 6643: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6609: 6603: 6574: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6552: 6540: 6534: 6505: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6471: 6465: 6436: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6402: 6396: 6367: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6333: 6327: 6298: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6276: 6264: 6258: 6229: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6195: 6189: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6069: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5984: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5934: 5923: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5798: 5787: 5781: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5730: 5726: 5724: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5684: 5680: 5678: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5632: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5540: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5494: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5448: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5402: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5356: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5310: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5009: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4897: 4896: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823:Christianity 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4790:Punjab region 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4721: 4711: 4701: 4691: 4683: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4625:lingua franca 4621: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4522: 4521:Nāgarī script 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4442: 4438:has been the 4437: 4436:Nagari script 4432: 4430: 4426: 4425:Brahmi script 4422: 4418: 4376: 4371: 4355: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3839: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3797: 3786: 3783:in thousands 3782: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3759: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3472:within their 3471: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440:Tamil culture 3437: 3436:Chola dynasty 3433: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376:Madhya Bharat 3373: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3280:Anglo-Maratha 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3218:, and around 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148:Bengal region 3145: 3141: 3137: 3136:Bay of Bengal 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3085: 3083: 3078: 3075:, as well as 3074: 3070: 3066: 3065:between India 3062: 3058: 3055:, along with 3054: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:Food security 2966: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2923: 2918: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858:in the center 2857: 2853: 2851:in Bangladesh 2850: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2790: 2788: 2775: 2773: 2760: 2759:, warm summer 2758: 2745: 2743: 2730: 2728: 2715: 2713: 2700: 2698: 2685: 2683: 2682:Mediterranean 2670: 2669: 2656: 2655: 2654:Hot semi arid 2642: 2641: 2628: 2627: 2614: 2612: 2599: 2598: 2585: 2584: 2571: 2568:South Asia's 2566: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2500:geophysically 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2474:, as well as 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2430:Bay of Bengal 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2280:decades also 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2259: 2255: 2254:East Pakistan 2251: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2220: 2213: 2201: 2187: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120:French allies 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2103:Vasco da Gama 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2068:British India 2064: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1975: 1974:replaced it. 1973: 1972:Mughal Empire 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1918: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1875:Chola dynasty 1871: 1866: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1817:Maurya Empire 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1788: 1784: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748:Indo-European 1738: 1729: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1644: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1592: 1591:Akhand Bharat 1583: 1574: 1563: 1554: 1544: 1537:Asian context 1534: 1532: 1531:Greater India 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1472: 1470: 1469:Bay of Bengal 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1442: 1441:Southern Asia 1438: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1397: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1342: 1337: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1278:most populous 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1230:Mughal Empire 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1195:social orders 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1015: 1007: 999: 998:Southern Asia 992: 989: 985: 977: 972: 967: 965: 960: 955: 953: 948: 943: 941: 936: 931: 929: 924: 919: 917: 912: 907: 905: 900: 895: 893: 888: 883: 881: 876: 871: 869: 864: 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207: 204: 203: 201: 199: 195: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 161: 157: 153: 149: 148:Austroasiatic 145: 141: 137: 133: 130: 128: 127:Ethnic groups 124: 120: 109: 105: 99: 95: 91: 89:GDP (nominal) 87: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 39: 33: 29: 28:Southern Asia 22: 24739:Asia-Pacific 24325:Sino-Tibetan 23954:Chittagonian 23800:Contemporary 23732:Languages of 23678:Southeastern 23673:Southwestern 23653:Northeastern 23643:Northwestern 23474:Ganges Delta 23469:Ganges Basin 23459:Indus Valley 23402:Chota Nagpur 23381:Lushai Hills 23257: 22961:Bekaa valley 22858:Syria region 22763:South Arabia 22721:Gulf of Aden 22711:Gulf of Oman 22689:Pirate Coast 22684:Persian Gulf 22612:Asia–Pacific 22558:Wakhjir Pass 22363:Indus Valley 22309:Pashtunistan 22299:Ganges Delta 22294:Ganges Basin 22218:Northwestern 22193:Subcontinent 22184: 22170:Asia–Pacific 22165:Ring of Fire 22160:Pacific Asia 22007:Asia–Pacific 21997:Ring of Fire 21982:Sikhote-Alin 21972:Yenisey Gulf 21886:Pacific Asia 21817:Asia–Pacific 21812:Ring of Fire 21807:Pacific Asia 21798:Wakhjir Pass 21773:Yellow River 21548:China proper 21411:Wakhjir Pass 21347:Kazakhstania 21255: 21097:Martial arts 20987:Colonial era 20982:Early modern 20932:Caste system 20717:Austronesian 20658:Northwestern 20560: 20518:Indian Ocean 20511:Indian Ocean 20477: 20442:Central Asia 20349: 20340: 20321:the original 20316: 20312: 20283: 20263: 20247:the original 20238: 20225: 20206: 20185: 20166: 20139: 20118: 20101:. Springer. 20097: 20093:Mitra, A. P. 20073: 20063: 20037: 20009: 19989: 19970: 19943: 19921: 19911: 19892: 19869: 19848: 19843:Buzan, Barry 19824: 19821:Buzan, Barry 19810:, retrieved 19791: 19770: 19749: 19724: 19718: 19696:. Retrieved 19691:The Diplomat 19689: 19680: 19668:. Retrieved 19654: 19642:. Retrieved 19638:the original 19633: 19624: 19612:. Retrieved 19600: 19587: 19575:. Retrieved 19570: 19561: 19553: 19550:the original 19544: 19537: 19518: 19512: 19500: 19492: 19478: 19472: 19464: 19444: 19433: 19423:11 September 19421:. Retrieved 19417: 19408: 19396: 19384:. Retrieved 19376: 19366: 19354:. Retrieved 19341: 19329:. Retrieved 19316: 19304:. Retrieved 19292: 19286: 19276: 19264:. Retrieved 19253:(4): 24–25. 19250: 19240: 19228:. Retrieved 19224: 19214: 19202: 19197:, p. 55 19190: 19178:. Retrieved 19171:the original 19166: 19153: 19141: 19116: 19112: 19102: 19090:. Retrieved 19081: 19072: 19060:. Retrieved 19056:the original 19051: 19042: 19032:25 September 19030:. Retrieved 19016: 19004:. Retrieved 18995: 18985: 18973:. Retrieved 18963: 18949: 18937:. Retrieved 18928: 18916:. Retrieved 18912:the original 18907: 18898: 18886:. Retrieved 18879: 18870: 18858:. Retrieved 18854:the original 18844: 18832: 18820: 18808:. Retrieved 18798: 18788: 18761: 18755: 18743:. Retrieved 18717: 18707: 18699:the original 18694: 18685: 18673:. Retrieved 18669:the original 18660: 18657:CTC Sentinel 18656: 18646: 18634:. Retrieved 18625: 18615: 18603:. Retrieved 18594: 18585: 18573:. Retrieved 18569: 18560: 18548:. Retrieved 18544:the original 18534: 18522:. Retrieved 18518: 18509: 18501: 18494:. Retrieved 18480: 18468:. Retrieved 18459: 18449: 18441:the original 18431: 18419:. Retrieved 18410: 18401: 18389:. Retrieved 18380: 18371: 18358: 18341: 18322: 18316: 18299: 18287: 18275: 18251: 18219: 18214: 18154:. Retrieved 18145: 18136: 18124:. Retrieved 18115: 18106: 18094:. Retrieved 18090:the original 18085: 18076: 18064:. Retrieved 18060: 18051: 18036: 18024:. 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Retrieved 14735: 14731: 14721: 14706: 14701: 14686: 14681: 14666: 14661: 14646: 14641: 14624: 14620: 14614: 14599: 14594: 14583: 14575: 14560: 14555: 14543:. Retrieved 14540:The Atlantic 14539: 14529: 14517:. Retrieved 14512: 14502: 14490:. Retrieved 14486: 14476: 14464:. Retrieved 14460: 14450: 14438:. Retrieved 14435:The Diplomat 14434: 14394: 14384: 14372:. Retrieved 14367: 14343:. Retrieved 14341:. 4 May 2011 14339:PBS NewsHour 14338: 14329: 14317:. Retrieved 14314:BusinessLine 14313: 14303: 14291:. Retrieved 14279: 14270: 14258:. Retrieved 14254: 14244: 14232:. Retrieved 14228:Arab News PK 14227: 14218: 14209: 14185:. Retrieved 14180: 14156:. Retrieved 14152: 14143: 14131:. Retrieved 14129:. Al Jazeera 14121: 14109:. Retrieved 14097: 14087: 14075:. Retrieved 14071: 14062: 14047: 14035:. Retrieved 14033:. Al Jazeera 14024: 14012:. Retrieved 14000: 13991: 13979:. Retrieved 13975: 13966: 13954:. Retrieved 13949: 13940: 13928:. Retrieved 13923: 13914: 13902:. Retrieved 13898: 13888: 13876:. Retrieved 13872: 13863: 13851:. Retrieved 13839: 13829: 13817:. Retrieved 13815:. Al Jazeera 13806: 13794:. Retrieved 13786:Darwin, John 13769:j.ctt13x1cv8 13759: 13752: 13732: 13725: 13697: 13690: 13678:. Retrieved 13674: 13665: 13640:, retrieved 13618: 13608: 13596: 13584:. Retrieved 13579: 13570: 13558:. Retrieved 13524: 13517: 13508: 13494: 13491:J. S. Grewal 13485: 13462: 13449: 13441: 13437: 13428: 13422: 13402: 13395: 13376: 13367: 13352: 13345: 13333:. Retrieved 13313: 13302: 13283: 13277: 13258: 13252: 13240:. Retrieved 13220: 13200: 13188:. Retrieved 13168: 13158: 13146:. Retrieved 13122: 13108: 13096:. Retrieved 13076: 13069: 13057:. Retrieved 13038: 13028: 12991: 12981: 12961: 12954: 12946: 12937:Lodi Dynasty 12932: 12913: 12904: 12885: 12872: 12864: 12849: 12842: 12834: 12819: 12815:Lewis, David 12809: 12790: 12781: 12763: 12753: 12733: 12714: 12695: 12675: 12665: 12656: 12640: 12620: 12613: 12594: 12588: 12568: 12531: 12506: 12502: 12483: 12474: 12462:. Retrieved 12458:the original 12448: 12436:. Retrieved 12416: 12409: 12396:. Retrieved 12382: 12370:. Retrieved 12350: 12343: 12331:. Retrieved 12311: 12304: 12292:. Retrieved 12272: 12265: 12258:Michell 1977 12253: 12241: 12229: 12209: 12202: 12182: 12175: 12147: 12141: 12129: 12117: 12105: 12098:Trainor 2004 12093: 12081: 12069:. Retrieved 12049: 12042: 12030: 11988: 11983:, p. 6. 11976: 11964: 11952: 11940: 11928: 11899: 11887: 11863:Possehl 2002 11858: 11846: 11834: 11815: 11809: 11794: 11789: 11769: 11739: 11733: 11717: 11712: 11701:, retrieved 11681: 11674: 11654: 11647: 11639: 11635: 11627: 11613: 11606:Bose, Sugata 11582: 11569: 11556: 11543: 11533:. Retrieved 11513: 11498: 11485: 11458: 11452: 11434: 11406: 11387: 11372: 11364: 11349: 11330: 11311: 11292: 11280:. Retrieved 11271: 11262: 11250:. Retrieved 11241: 11238:"South Asia" 11232: 11220:. Retrieved 11206: 11187: 11168: 11156:. Retrieved 11147: 11138: 11123: 11118: 11106:. Retrieved 11102:the original 11097: 11087: 11044: 11037: 11022: 10998: 10979: 10973: 10954: 10939: 10934: 10926: 10921: 10904: 10895: 10876: 10848: 10842: 10830:. Retrieved 10816: 10804:. Retrieved 10790: 10775: 10770: 10755: 10750: 10729: 10722: 10702: 10695: 10683:. Retrieved 10663: 10636: 10631: 10619:. Retrieved 10599: 10573:. Retrieved 10544:. Retrieved 10515:. Retrieved 10506: 10482:. Retrieved 10473: 10434:the original 10429: 10405:. Retrieved 10397:The Diplomat 10396: 10375:the original 10370: 10361: 10352: 10336: 10326:20 September 10324:. Retrieved 10320: 10311: 10292:Copland 2001 10286: 10277: 10263: 10260:Khan, Yasmin 10254: 10245: 10238:, retrieved 10218: 10211: 10199: 10185: 10179: 10159: 10137: 10127: 10104: 10082: 10072: 10041: 10001: 9970: 9938: 9892: 9870: 9848: 9822: 9761: 9759: 9740: 9726: 9723: 9705: 9691: 9683: 9664: 9657: 9619: 9611: 9596: 9589: 9577:. Retrieved 9573: 9570:"South Asia" 9564: 9537:. Retrieved 9517: 9508: 9499: 9490: 9481: 9472: 9463: 9451:. Retrieved 9404: 9395: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9368: 9356: 9338:Doniger 2010 9333: 9323: 9306: 9292:Indo-Pacific 9239: 9152:, Sri Lanka 9102:, Sri Lanka 9046:, Sri Lanka 8987:, Sri Lanka 8937:Coat of arms 8885: 8882: 8855: 8829: 8820:Soviet Union 8793: 8763: 8737:, member of 8728: 8643:Rule of law 8469: 8459: 8428: 8394:, 1996–2006 8380:Rana dynasty 8365: 8361:Persian Gulf 8316: 8270: 8225: 8175: 8169:, Bangladesh 8098: 8028: 7956: 7888: 7868:presidential 7833:Indian rupee 7829: 7759: 7689: 7621: 7581:totalitarian 7545:Legislature 7498: 7494: 7490: 7471:malnutrition 7464: 7457: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7232: 7213:76.9 (54th) 7195:4.1% (2016) 7180: 7160:24.7 (94th) 7133: 7113:19.1 (76th) 7086: 7072:79.6 (33rd) 7054:8.2% (2016) 7039: 6992: 6978:73.1 (99th) 6960:8.2% (2017) 6945: 6931:74.3 (82nd) 6925:19.1 (76th) 6898: 6893:640 (156th) 6851: 6826:CIA Factbook 6768: 6765: 6761: 6743: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6692: 6674: 6623: 6605: 6554: 6536: 6485: 6467: 6416: 6398: 6347: 6329: 6278: 6260: 6209: 6191: 6176: 6172:-2.4% (2020) 6171: 6166: 6161: 6157:$ 611 (2020) 6156: 6151: 6121: 6108: 6087: 6067: 6032: 6020:25th largest 6008: 5989: 5816: 5252: 5250: 4760: 4745: 4681: 4622: 4527:Sino-Tibetan 4525: 4486: 4439: 4433: 4431:and others. 4413: 4313: 4305: 4300: 3784: 3766: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3467: 3464:Indian Ocean 3432:Sanskritised 3424: 3402: 3388:Chhattisgarh 3372:independence 3354:Chhattisgarh 3338:Dewas Senior 3334:Dewas Junior 3311: 3236:Gupta Empire 3234:Empire, the 3230:Empire, the 3152:Ganges Delta 3110: 3101:Muslim world 3091: 3043: 3018: 3004: 2977:dengue fever 2945: 2929: 2901:Indus Valley 2889: 2873: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2789:, dry winter 2786: 2774:, dry winter 2771: 2756: 2744:, hot summer 2741: 2729:, dry winter 2726: 2711: 2696: 2681: 2667: 2653: 2639: 2625: 2610: 2596: 2582: 2536:. It is the 2512: 2470:and Eastern 2452:Indian Plate 2449: 2446:Indian Plate 2440:Indian Plate 2406:geopolitical 2403: 2354:Indo-Pacific 2339: 2294: 2286:Soviet Union 2263: 2227: 2179:World War II 2168: 2144: 2108:Ranjit Singh 2100: 2077: 2050: 2032: 2024: 1997: 1957: 1943:, the Hindu 1934: 1926: 1913: 1906:defeats the 1879: 1859:Medieval era 1853:Ellora Caves 1845:Ajanta Caves 1837:Gupta Empire 1833: 1806: 1765: 1734: 1688: 1663:Homo erectus 1661: 1656:Homo sapiens 1654: 1652: 1621: 1602: 1529:sense) and " 1519:Ayesha Jalal 1509: 1507: 1496: 1491:geopolitical 1449:Indian Plate 1445: 1413: 1402: 1350: 1346: 1317: 1305:Zoroastrians 1286: 1274: 1218:Central Asia 1202:Christianity 1199: 1151:archaic form 1132:Settled life 1130: 1078:Central Asia 1021: 1020: 825:Calling code 753: 736: 714: 692: 675: 670:5 time zones 637: 582:Sino-Tibetan 580: 508: 481: 459: 348:Dependencies 222:7 recognized 171:Christianity 144:Sino-Tibetan 116: 32: 24673:Hela Havula 24383:Nepal Bhasa 23889:Bangladeshi 23739:Afghanistan 23619:Afghanistan 23563:Lakshadweep 23433:Thar Desert 23331:Khasi Hills 23215:Alpide belt 23091:Paphlagonia 22889:Hula Valley 22869:Transjordan 22792:Mesopotamia 22726:Balochistan 22662:Caspian Sea 22640:Middle East 22607:Alpide belt 22563:Lakshadweep 22543:Palk Strait 22420:Bagar tract 22358:Thar Desert 22319:Balochistan 22151:Alpide belt 22141:East Indies 22023:East Indies 21955:Transbaikal 21939:Lake Baikal 21634:Tarim Basin 21506:Gobi Desert 21416:Mount Imeon 21357:Betpak-Dala 21310:Transoxiana 21288:Caspian Sea 20950:Archaeology 20865:Environment 20755:Afro-Asians 20577:Afghanistan 20507:Arabian Sea 20029:Metcalf, B. 19644:11 November 19614:11 November 18575:1 September 18550:21 February 18524:1 September 18066:27 February 17809:1 September 17783:1 September 17757:1 September 17732:1 September 17587:28 November 17561:28 November 17535:28 November 17417:6 September 17358:1 September 17332:1 September 16976:Demographia 16641:27 December 16443:19 February 16246:Bhatia 2008 15317:30 November 15246:26 November 15131:12 November 14772:18 November 14519:1 September 14492:1 September 14466:1 September 14374:1 September 14345:1 September 14319:1 September 14293:1 September 14260:1 September 14234:1 September 14187:1 September 14158:1 September 14153:Nikkei Asia 14133:1 September 14111:1 September 14037:1 September 14014:1 September 13981:1 September 13956:1 September 13853:1 September 13819:1 September 13796:1 September 13586:1 September 13582:(in French) 13560:1 September 13510:recognized. 13335:27 December 13322:, 115–121. 13242:27 December 13190:27 December 13098:27 December 12438:26 December 12398:26 December 12372:26 December 12333:26 December 12294:26 December 12234:Samuel 2010 12134:Neelis 2011 12110:Neelis 2011 12071:26 December 12008:Samuel 2010 11993:Samuel 2010 11981:Witzel 1995 11957:Samuel 2010 11921:Witzel 1995 11904:Witzel 1995 11851:Thapar 1966 11839:Thapar 1966 11282:16 December 11252:16 December 10832:28 February 10685:11 December 10450:Ruffle 2013 10240:15 November 10164:Fisher 2018 10055:Fisher 2018 10024:Fisher 2018 9961:, pp. 9946:, pp. 9944:Ludden 2014 9921:Fisher 2018 9915:, pp. 9898:Ludden 2014 9875:Fisher 2018 9829:, pp. 9806:, pp. 9791:, pp. 9769:Ludden 2014 9741:On Hinduism 9640:Fisher 2018 9627:, pp. 9539:16 December 9217:Asia portal 9080:Afghanistan 9020:Afghanistan 8965:Afghanistan 8794:During the 8755:great power 8489:Afghanistan 8486:Parameters 8475:Sunni Islam 8432:has been a 8430:Afghanistan 8382:regime and 8363:countries. 8203:. It has a 8197:British law 8195:abolishing 8176:India is a 7814:Rajya Sabha 7584:provisional 7568:Afghanistan 7356:Afghanistan 7353:Parameters 7257:(CSE), and 7216:297 (60th) 7169:465 (49th) 6934:697 (44th) 6887:25 (116th) 6861:Afghanistan 6177:5.6% (2020) 6147:Afghanistan 6078:Nominal GDP 6035:Maharashtra 6012:Next Eleven 5996:3rd largest 5873:Afghanistan 5838:Asian Games 5388:West Bengal 5342:Maharashtra 5276:Population 5264:Urban Area 4863:Afghanistan 4786:Balochistan 4611:Urdu script 4605:also speak 4297:South Asia 3850:Afghanistan 3792:% of world 3516:Afghanistan 3408:South India 3292:Dandi March 3252:Indo Greeks 3244:Satavahanas 3228:Rashtrakuta 3176:West Bengal 3164:subtropical 3144:Brahmaputra 3120:East Bengal 3061:Balochistan 3015:Germanwatch 2981:heat stress 2842:subtropical 2772:Continental 2757:Continental 2742:Continental 2712:Subtropical 2697:Subtropical 2640:Cold desert 2550:Indus River 2496:Balochistan 2494:range, and 2468:South China 2434:Arabian Sea 2414:rainforests 2136:transferred 2116:Tipu Sultan 1941:South India 1744: 1900 1737:Indo-Aryans 1714:Afghanistan 1710:North India 1702: 3300 1674:Ancient era 1649:Pre-history 1515:Sugata Bose 1497:The terms " 1465:Arabian Sea 1385:Afghanistan 1250:partitioned 1238:sovereignty 1139:river basin 1074:Afghanistan 685:Afghanistan 339:Afghanistan 206:South Asian 24749:South Asia 24733:Categories 24581:Old Italic 24521:Devanagari 24446:Historical 24315:Portuguese 24132:Burushaski 24051:Rajasthani 23974:Hindustani 23921:Indo-Aryan 23909:Sri Lankan 23744:Bangladesh 23609:Bangladesh 23577:By country 23535:West Coast 23530:East Coast 23494:Sundarbans 23371:Naga Hills 23361:Hindu Kush 23316:Garo Hills 23258:South Asia 23121:Cappadocia 22768:Hadhramaut 22465:Aksai Chin 22455:Hindi Belt 22336:Marathwada 22264:Hindu Kush 22257:Nanda Devi 22203:Subregions 22131:Leyte Gulf 21967:Amur Basin 21860:Inner Asia 21714:Ordos Loop 21669:Liangguang 21526:Inner Asia 21401:Badakhshan 21257:The 'stans 21052:Bangladesh 20962:Bronze Age 20845:Philosophy 20830:Literature 20727:Indo-Aryan 20707:Andamanese 20582:Bangladesh 20478:South Asia 20389:South Asia 20364:South Asia 19964:"Hinduism" 19812:2 November 19698:23 October 19670:23 October 19664:World Bank 19401:Buzan 2004 19146:Buzan 2004 19082:World Bank 18918:19 October 18888:18 October 18675:2 November 18411:World Bank 18381:World Bank 18261:ASER India 18156:7 November 18021:World Bank 18001:25 October 17963:25 October 17933:25 October 17697:World Bank 17682:subtotals. 17279:24 January 17225:18 January 17179:4 November 17169:ocasia.org 17149:4 November 17123:1 December 17098:1 December 17006:8 November 16942:16 October 16880:16 October 16820:"Maldives" 16794:"religion" 16694:16 October 16482:12 January 16210:29 October 15432:. Manohar. 15163:12 October 14627:(3): 447. 13899:Al Jazeera 12390:. UNESCO. 12035:Flood 1996 11969:Stein 2010 11945:Flood 1996 11933:Flood 1996 11703:9 December 11272:Unicef.org 11242:Unicef.org 10806:5 November 10517:7 February 10407:7 February 10111:, p. 10109:Peers 2013 10057:, p. 10049:, p. 10026:, p. 10008:, p. 9993:, p. 9978:, p. 9976:Dyson 2018 9923:, p. 9900:, p. 9877:, p. 9855:, p. 9853:Dyson 2018 9827:Dyson 2018 9789:Dyson 2018 9771:, p. 9642:, p. 9625:Dyson 2018 9419:References 9184:Bangladesh 9168:3,499,559 9134:Bangladesh 9118:3,565,467 9084:Bangladesh 9062:4,637,469 9024:Bangladesh 9004:6,778,083 8969:Bangladesh 8949:5,220,460 8928:Countries 8911:Population 8830:Enterprise 8808:Yugoslavia 8765:Bangladesh 8707:See also: 8573:38 (93rd) 8570:32 (120th) 8567:34 (113th) 8564:29 (130th) 8555:26 (146th) 8552:16 (173rd) 8510:Sri Lanka 8492:Bangladesh 8437:theocratic 8357:sharia law 8349:Dan Mozena 8318:Bangladesh 8213:right-wing 8181:federative 8148:, Pakistan 8083:Parliament 7647:Bangladesh 7587:theocratic 7517:See also: 7467:World Bank 7377:Sri Lanka 7359:Bangladesh 7207:16 (65th) 7122:68 (94th) 7075:7 (142nd) 6908:Bangladesh 6807:World Bank 6703:South Asia 6228:Bangladesh 6106:GDP growth 6066:Inflation 6039:Tamil Nadu 6028:World Bank 5877:Bangladesh 5784:See also: 5644:11,570,000 5618:Tamil Nadu 5598:13,504,000 5552:15,257,000 5506:19,134,000 5493:Bangladesh 5460:20,249,000 5414:21,747,000 5368:25,189,000 5322:31,190,000 5279:Area (km) 4907:Bangladesh 4446:Devanagari 4345:2,353,676 4342:2,488,455 4339:2,376,939 4336:1,974,898 4333:1,390,946 4064:1,529,850 4061:1,676,035 4058:1,670,491 4055:1,454,607 4052:1,056,576 4025:1,428,628 3907:Bangladesh 3781:Population 3763:Population 3756:See also: 3691:1,117,911 3610:5,592,406 3543:Bangladesh 3493:Area in km 3478:Antarctica 3458:See also: 3342:Dhar State 3266:, and the 3172:landlocked 3116:Bangladesh 3053:Indo-Aryan 2996:Hindu Kush 2933:Hydropower 2865:Hindu Kush 2626:Hot desert 2538:peninsular 2526:Cretaceous 2492:Hindu Kush 2426:grasslands 2364:See also: 2337:in 2014. 2258:Bangladesh 2043:Guru Arjan 1988:Shah Jahan 1978:Modern era 1884:conquered 1863:See also: 1813:Hindu Kush 1798: 483 1796: – c. 1794: 563 1779: 549 1768:Brahmanism 1617:Uzbekistan 1541:See also: 1527:pre-modern 1523:Zia ul Haq 1479:See also: 1457:Hindu Kush 1416:World Bank 1353:Bangladesh 1326:Definition 1309:Christians 1046:Bangladesh 1022:South Asia 763:Bangladesh 664:Time zones 437:English 237:Bangladesh 191:Irreligion 132:Indo-Aryan 58:Population 36:South Asia 24621:influence 24541:Malayalam 24503:Shahmukhi 24470:Kharosthi 24455:(Abugida) 24388:Sikkimese 24241:Nicobaric 23904:Pakistani 23851:Malayalam 23833:Dravidian 23802:languages 23791:Sri Lanka 23769:classical 23764:scheduled 23604:Sri Lanka 23356:Karakoram 23272:Himalayas 23265:Mountains 22946:Phoenicia 22879:Philistia 22849:Kurdistan 22844:Eber-Nari 22822:Babylonia 22782:Al-Sharat 22741:Al-Yamama 22573:Aminidivi 22492:Karakoram 22475:Baltistan 22279:Tamilakam 22247:Himalayas 22092:Nusantara 22038:Sundaland 22017:Southeast 21865:Northeast 21704:Zhongyuan 21684:Guanzhong 21679:Jianghuai 21612:Karakoram 21602:Himalayas 21553:Manchuria 21469:Northeast 21436:Karakoram 21396:Tian Shan 21332:Arachosia 21119:Education 20840:Mythology 20825:Languages 20737:Nuristani 20722:Dravidian 20648:Sri Lanka 20614:Northeast 20602:Northwest 20468:West Asia 20450:East Asia 20444:West Asia 20122:. Brill. 19577:12 August 19356:12 August 19331:12 August 19306:12 August 19301:2288-5757 19266:12 August 19230:12 August 19180:12 August 19133:2575-1654 19092:25 August 18732:0971-751X 18719:The Hindu 18636:4 January 18391:26 August 18096:23 August 18026:26 August 17510:10 August 17412:0971-8257 17327:0971-751X 17319:The Hindu 17074:2215-0366 16916:3 October 16830:23 August 16804:23 August 16765:25 August 16550:1 January 16430:. BRILL. 16103:5 October 16098:Scroll.in 16050:5 October 16024:5 October 16019:0971-751X 16011:The Hindu 15991:5 October 15986:0013-0613 15943:5 October 15918:5 October 15798:. Brill. 15763:5 October 15729:5 October 15704:4 October 15680:129209899 15631:259697352 15623:0886-5655 15580:4 October 15503:4 October 15455:(1): 21. 15413:237343508 15405:2196-078X 15307:199493022 15299:2352-0698 15214:1756-5529 15107:199110415 15099:2398-9629 15056:133800578 15011:134814572 14962:134572569 14779:(direct: 14762:1027-5606 14598:Sinvhal, 14288:0013-0613 14106:0015-7120 14072:Brookings 14009:0013-0613 13848:0028-792X 13128:Routledge 13044:Routledge 12989:(2014) . 12912:(1955) . 12884:(2004) . 12773:839048936 12534:. Brill. 12523:0085-6401 12486:. Brill. 12464:9 January 11612:(2004) . 10621:12 August 10582:Nations." 10575:25 August 10262:(2017) , 9804:Robb 2011 9557:Saez 2012 9424:Citations 9349:Bhimbetka 9312:Mauritius 9140:, India, 9090:, India, 9072:Kathmandu 9030:, India, 8975:, India, 8925:Currency 8919:(per km) 8816:agreement 8773:Sri Lanka 8561:41 (80th) 8558:68 (25th) 8284:Sinhalese 8280:Sri Lanka 8234:based on 8209:left-wing 8186:with the 8146:Islamabad 8073:President 8054:Sri Lanka 8003:President 7987:Islamabad 7933:President 7919:Kathmandu 7884:Maldivian 7874:President 7818:Lok Sabha 7804:President 7790:New Delhi 7668:President 7551:Currency 7269:Education 7190:Sri Lanka 6655:$ 14,230 6642:Sri Lanka 6448:$ 30,888 6442:$ 15,097 6310:$ 13,077 6133:) (2022) 6093:GDP (PPP) 6047:Karnataka 6024:Sri Lanka 5905:East Asia 5901:Sri Lanka 5736:8,006,000 5705:Ahmedabad 5690:9,797,000 5664:Telangana 5659:Hyderabad 5526:Karnataka 5521:Bangalore 5208:Buddhism 5206:Theravada 5201:Sri Lanka 4964:Buddhism 4962:Vajrayana 4756:Buddhists 4635:Religions 4615:Baltistan 4587:Sikkimese 4531:Himalayan 4364:Languages 4301:1,938,407 4249:Sri Lanka 4088:0.00647% 3974:0.00978% 3798:(per km) 3744:9,300,997 3734:4,137,476 3729:5,221,093 3705:Sri Lanka 3604:2,305,143 3601:3,287,263 3420:Dravidian 3416:Sri Lanka 3406:includes 3364:with the 3224:Rajasthan 3222:river in 3216:Surkotada 3160:subalpine 3114:includes 2999:Himalayas 2854:Tropical 2811:Himalayas 2542:Himalayas 2480:Karakoram 2472:Indonesia 2464:Himalayas 2360:Geography 2297:terrorism 2088:Mysoreans 2028:Taj Mahal 2016:Telangana 1992:Aurangzeb 1461:Arakanese 1453:peninsula 1331:Ambiguity 1313:Buddhists 1254:dominions 1179:exclusion 1122:Karakoram 1118:Himalayas 1106:26 atolls 1086:West Asia 1082:East Asia 1070:Sri Lanka 1026:subregion 976:Ahmedabad 964:Hyderabad 940:Bangalore 780:Internet 755:UTC+06:00 738:UTC+05:45 729:Sri Lanka 716:UTC+05:30 694:UTC+05:00 677:UTC+04:30 615:Sikkimese 491:Malayalam 483:Dravidian 381:Languages 315:Sri Lanka 215:Countries 159:Religions 140:Dravidian 24661:Activism 24633:Hinglish 24536:Gurmukhi 24531:Gujarati 24498:Nastaliq 24393:Tenyidie 24348:Dzongkha 24165:Lyngngam 24124:Isolates 24061:Sanskrit 24056:Rangpuri 24026:Maithili 24001:Kashmiri 23989:Hinglish 23969:Gujarati 23939:Bhojpuri 23934:Assamese 23899:Nepalese 23876:Germanic 23818:Aka-Jeru 23786:Pakistan 23776:Maldives 23663:Southern 23658:Littoral 23648:Northern 23614:Maldives 23589:Pakistan 23442:Lowlands 23390:Plateaus 23301:Nilgiris 23146:Lycaonia 23131:Corduene 23111:Bithynia 23096:Phasiane 23076:Anatolia 23015:Caucasus 22602:Maldives 22324:Gedrosia 22225:Southern 22213:Northern 22156:Far East 22119:Mindanao 22097:Wallacea 22055:Maritime 21935:Baikalia 21901:Beringia 21882:Far East 21803:Far East 21724:Shaanbei 21709:Shaannan 21699:Jiaozhou 21674:Jiangnan 21337:Khwarazm 21293:Dead Sea 21278:Aral Sea 21141:Military 21062:Pakistan 21025:Hinduism 21020:Buddhism 21007:Religion 20977:Medieval 20967:Iron Age 20892:Politics 20855:Surnames 20777:Diaspora 20673:Southern 20663:Northern 20636:Pakistan 20626:Maldives 20379:Archived 20304:(1995), 20274:12263284 20260:(1966). 20236:(2010), 20161:(2002), 20062:(2004), 20035:(2006), 19891:(1996). 19823:(2004). 19605:Archived 19441:(2004). 19086:Archived 19084:. 2015. 19000:Archived 18939:18 March 18860:7 August 18780:35022507 18740:13119119 18630:Archived 18626:BBC News 18599:Archived 18496:13 March 18490:Archived 18464:Archived 18415:Archived 18385:Archived 18264:Archived 18209:, UNICEF 18150:Archived 18120:Archived 17870:Archived 17701:Archived 17504:Archived 17472:Archived 17384:16 April 17378:Archived 17254:8 August 17249:ThePrint 17219:Archived 17092:BBC News 16981:28 March 16848:Archived 16824:Archived 16798:Archived 16734:Archived 16716:27 March 16666:27 March 16635:Archived 16572:Archived 16544:Archived 16374:Archived 16349:Archived 16327:Archived 16304:Archived 16172:Archived 16122:Archived 15846:Academia 15825:12 March 15650:Academia 15512:citation 15311:Archived 15222:54721256 15157:Archived 15125:Archived 14784:Archived 14766:Archived 14633:24102967 14368:BBC News 14249:Bangal. 14210:Livemint 13950:BBC News 13873:The Wire 13651:citation 13493:(1990). 13457:(2010). 13384:Archived 13236:Archived 13209:Archived 13184:Archived 13166:(1995). 13148:28 March 13142:Archived 13120:(2006). 13092:Archived 12940:Archived 12817:(2011). 12789:(1980). 12761:(1919). 12742:Archived 12722:Archived 12703:Archived 12566:(2003). 12432:Archived 12392:Archived 12366:Archived 12327:Archived 12288:Archived 12246:Guy 2014 12166:25902336 12122:Guy 2014 12065:Archived 11697:archived 11529:Archived 11380:Archived 11357:Archived 11338:Archived 11319:Archived 11300:Archived 11276:Archived 11246:Archived 11222:20 March 11216:Archived 11195:Archived 11176:Archived 11158:17 March 11152:Archived 11076:Archived 10962:Archived 10903:(1936). 10826:Archived 10800:Archived 10679:Archived 10615:Archived 10569:Archived 10540:Archived 10511:Archived 10484:13 March 10478:Archived 10401:Archived 10345:Archived 10234:archived 9762:Rig Veda 9738:(2014), 9700:(2008). 9203:See also 9142:Maldives 9105:English 9100:Pakistan 9092:Maldives 9044:Pakistan 9036:Maldives 8985:Pakistan 8977:Maldives 8887:Populism 8843:Chagai-I 8769:Pakistan 8747:cultural 8507:Pakistan 8501:Maldives 8471:Maldives 8402:and the 8286:and the 8095:English 8025:English 7982:Pakistan 7855:Maldives 7826:English 7763:Ngultrum 7755:Dzongkha 7686:English 7533:Capital 7530:Country 7374:Pakistan 7368:Maldives 7143:Pakistan 7066:No data 7049:Maldives 6987:No Data 6984:No Data 6981:No Data 6975:No data 6972:No data 6649:$ 3,293 6586:$ 6,662 6580:$ 1,658 6573:Pakistan 6517:$ 4,677 6511:$ 1,293 6435:Maldives 6379:$ 8,293 6373:$ 2,466 6304:$ 3,562 6241:$ 7,985 6235:$ 2,734 5897:Pakistan 5889:Maldives 5749:Diaspora 5585:Pakistan 5447:Pakistan 5273:Skyline 5270:Country 5153:Pakistan 5107:Secular 5060:Maldives 5012:Secular 4837:Kiratism 4827:Hinduism 4819:Buddhism 4807:Country 4774:Buddhism 4766:Hinduism 4702:(21.45%) 4692:(73.07%) 4690:Hinduism 4595:Buddhism 4579:Tshangla 4549:, while 4547:Dzongkha 4541:and the 4513:Pakistan 4478:Maithili 4417:Nastaliq 4330:800,335 4327:476,220 4310:24.094% 4235:487,017 4232:453,262 4229:367,808 4226:249,949 4223:142,344 4196:240,486 4192:Pakistan 4078:Maldives 4049:623,103 4046:376,325 3950:176,366 3947:201,891 3944:203,905 3941:170,937 3938:127,658 3911:172,954 3893:110,855 3815:2015–20 3812:2010–15 3809:2005–10 3777:Country 3718:598,229 3678:Pakistan 3664:923,622 3651:Maldives 3637:147,181 3556:230,390 3529:652,864 3502:EEZ+TIA 3412:Maldives 3322:Scindias 3256:Kadambas 3168:tropical 3142:and the 3134:and the 3069:Pakistan 2867:have an 2800:monsoons 2552:and the 2546:Kuen Lun 2532:and the 2522:Gondwana 2488:Kohistan 2410:glaciers 2278:Cold War 2239:Pakistan 2118:and his 2098:region. 2080:Marathas 1986:Emperor 1802:Buddhism 1706:Pakistan 1503:Gondwana 1375:and the 1280:and the 1270:Cold War 1187:Buddhism 1163:diffused 1155:Sanskrit 1066:Pakistan 1058:Maldives 1038:cultural 707:Pakistan 702:Maldives 568:Sanskrit 548:Maithili 538:Kashmiri 533:Gujarati 523:Bhojpuri 518:Assamese 428:Dzongkha 355:External 302:Pakistan 276:Maldives 175:Buddhism 163:Hinduism 24561:Sinhala 24556:Ranjana 24546:Kannada 24526:Bengali 24513:Brahmic 24439:Scripts 24421:Turkmen 24403:Tripuri 24398:Tibetan 24363:Ladakhi 24302:Romance 24269:Teressa 24226:Santali 24221:Mundari 24142:Kusunda 24099:Balochi 24091:Iranian 24081:Sylheti 24076:Sinhala 24066:Saraiki 24046:Punjabi 24031:Marathi 24011:Kumaoni 24006:Konkani 23959:Dhivehi 23944:Bengali 23884:English 23846:Kannada 23638:Central 23551:Islands 23426:Deserts 23191:Sophene 23166:Pisidia 23161:Galatia 23136:Chaldia 23116:Cilicia 23101:Isauria 23042:Shirvan 22951:Retjenu 22919:Samaria 22894:Galilee 22839:Mashriq 22753:Tihamah 22650:Red Sea 22388:Kalinga 22341:Kashmir 22269:Bactria 22208:Eastern 22146:Nanyang 22124:Visayas 21930:Siberia 21925:Tartary 21838:Siberia 21761:Yangtze 21689:Huizhou 21664:Lingnan 21305:Tartary 21250:Central 21238:Regions 21186:History 21132:History 21082:Cricket 21035:Sikhism 21030:Jainism 21015:Dharmic 20942:History 20888:Economy 20873:Monsoon 20850:Scripts 20820:Fashion 20810:Cuisine 20787:Culture 20770:Semitic 20760:Chinese 20668:Eastern 20619:Islands 19729:Bibcode 19710:Sources 19062:4 March 18810:24 July 18800:History 18745:24 July 18126:30 June 18086:cia.gov 17905:2 March 17842:2 March 17804:Reuters 17481:28 July 17446:28 July 16526:2339124 16355:5 April 15362:10 July 15269:Bibcode 15192:Bibcode 15079:Bibcode 14867:Bibcode 14740:Bibcode 13059:26 June 11535:19 July 11182:, SAARC 11108:6 April 10546:6 April 9989:; (b) 9919:; (c) 9911:; (b) 9579:1 April 9453:16 July 9314:as the 9174:418.69 9146:Myanmar 9124:416.75 9010:270.77 8955:330.79 8874:BIMSTEC 8443:emirate 8440:Islamic 8434:unitary 8322:unitary 8273:unitary 8240:federal 8178:secular 8088:Sinhala 8064:Unitary 7992:Federal 7924:Federal 7892:Rufiyaa 7865:Unitary 7795:Federal 7725:Unitary 7720:Thimphu 7683:Bengali 7657:Unitary 7625:Afghani 7593:emirate 7590:Islamic 7578:Unitary 7253:(DSE), 7219:20,628 7078:23,297 7031:14,569 6840:in USD 6828:(2015) 6822:(2022) 6809:(year) 6789:(2021) 6776:Country 6758:Poverty 6742:0.641 ( 6723:$ 8,085 6713:$ 2,385 6592:12.10% 6122:(2022) 6109:(2022) 6102:(2022) 6088:(2022) 6068:(2022) 6059:Country 6043:Gujarat 5938:Economy 5927:Cuisine 5830:kho-kho 5826:kabaddi 5820:is the 5818:Cricket 5774:Culture 5742:15,852 5710:Gujarat 5613:Chennai 5604:14,285 5512:30,911 5466:18,014 5429:Karachi 5420:16,085 5383:Kolkata 5374:24,073 5328:13,307 4846:Others 4842:Sikhism 4778:Sikhism 4770:Jainism 4752:Muslims 4722:(0.62%) 4720:Sikhism 4712:(1.49%) 4591:Ladakhi 4583:Thakali 4466:Konkani 4454:Marathi 4410:orange. 4292:14,695 4289:19,000 4286:21,815 4283:22,000 4280:18,778 4277:13,755 4259:0.272% 4253:21,894 4220:66,817 4217:37,542 4178:33,770 4175:38,189 4172:37,401 4169:31,577 4166:23,941 4163:13,420 4145:0.384% 4139:30,897 4091:1738.2 3935:70,066 3932:37,895 3890:98,732 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18730: 18724:N. Ram 18663:(11). 18605:4 June 18470:4 June 18437:"GPEI" 18421:3 June 18329: 17879:3 June 17707:6 June 17658:7 June 17629:7 June 17410: 17325: 17072: 17031: 16627: 16600: 16524: 16473: 16434: 16400: 16281: 16145: 16075: 16017: 15984: 15909: 15802: 15754: 15678: 15629: 15621: 15549: 15494: 15411: 15403: 15345: 15305: 15297: 15287: 15220: 15212: 15105: 15097: 15054: 15044: 15009: 14999: 14960: 14950: 14813: 14760: 14713: 14693: 14673: 14653: 14631: 14606: 14567: 14440:11 May 14409: 14286: 14104: 14007: 13846: 13767: 13740: 13713: 13633: 13532: 13501: 13473: 13410: 13369:India. 13360: 13326: 13290: 13265: 13228: 13176: 13134: 13084: 13050: 12999: 12969: 12949:(2009) 12920: 12892: 12857: 12827: 12797: 12771: 12683: 12628: 12601: 12576: 12538: 12521: 12490: 12424: 12358: 12319: 12280: 12217: 12190: 12164: 12154: 12057: 11822: 11801: 11777: 11747: 11724: 11689: 11662: 11620: 11589: 11576: 11563: 11550: 11521: 11505: 11492: 11465: 11443: 11413: 11130: 11052: 11029: 10986: 10946: 10911: 10883: 10855: 10782: 10762: 10737: 10710: 10671: 10643: 10607: 10302:; (b) 10270: 10226: 10192: 10148: 10093: 9957:; (b) 9752: 9716: 9676: 9638:; (b) 9604: 9447:(xlsx) 9188:Bhutan 9138:Bhutan 9088:Bhutan 9068:350.6 9028:Bhutan 8973:Bhutan 8771:, and 8715:, and 8520:102.9 8495:Bhutan 8461:Bhutan 8420:hunger 8288:Tamils 8051: 8013:Senate 7979: 7952:Nepali 7852: 7782: 7715:Bhutan 7712: 7644: 7613:Pashto 7565: 7362:Bhutan 7187: 7172:4,096 7157:12.4% 7140: 7125:3,870 7110:25.2% 7046: 7022:15.2% 7016:29.8% 6999: 6955:Bhutan 6952: 6937:6,643 6928:16.4% 6922:31.5% 6905: 6890:1,463 6881:26.8% 6858: 6745:medium 6694:medium 6687:0.630( 6669:0.780( 6661:48.2% 6658:-8.7% 6639: 6618:0.360( 6600:0.540( 6570: 6549:0.424( 6538:medium 6531:0.601( 6487:medium 6480:0.597( 6462:0.762( 6432: 6411:0.444( 6400:medium 6393:0.644( 6363: 6342:0.465( 6331:medium 6324:0.681( 6297:Bhutan 6294: 6273:0.470( 6262:medium 6255:0.670( 6225: 6204:0.300( 6186:0.462( 6144: 5968:, and 5881:Bhutan 5869:cinema 5852:Cinema 5791:Sports 5720: 5696:5,802 5674: 5650:9,444 5628: 5582: 5572:Punjab 5567:Lahore 5558:8,753 5536: 5490: 5444: 5398: 5352: 5337:Mumbai 5306: 5199: 5184:0.07% 5174:96.28% 5157:Islam 5151: 5101: 5064:Islam 5058: 5006: 4957:Bhutan 4955: 4911:Islam 4905: 4867:Islam 4861: 4748:Hindus 4738: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4706: 4698: 4696: 4688: 4686: 4665:, and 4575:Tamang 4571:Newari 4559:Gurung 4551:Lepcha 4543:Ladakh 4539:Sikkim 4474:Sindhi 4458:Nepali 4274:7,971 4262:347.2 4256:1.13% 4246: 4205:300.2 4202:2.98% 4199:12.4% 4189: 4160:8,483 4148:204.1 4142:1.59% 4132: 4085:0.03% 4075: 4034:473.4 4031:17.5% 4028:73.7% 4018: 3971:0.04% 3964:Bhutan 3961: 3917:2.15% 3914:8.92% 3904: 3875:7,752 3857:2.17% 3847: 3715:32,453 3709:65,610 3702: 3688:51,383 3675: 3661:34,538 3648: 3621: 3594: 3574:38,394 3570:Bhutan 3567: 3553:66,438 3550:86,392 3540: 3513: 3414:, and 3410:, the 3384:Bhopal 3382:, and 3370:After 3318:Indore 3288:Gandhi 3272:Mughal 3262:, the 3232:Maurya 3212:Lothal 3184: 3180:Odisha 3156:alpine 3140:Ganges 3124:Bhutan 2948:Mumbai 2937:Ganges 2785:(Dwc) 2782: 2780: 2770:(Dwb) 2767: 2765: 2755:(Dsb) 2752: 2750: 2740:(Dsa) 2737: 2735: 2725:(Cwb) 2722: 2720: 2710:(Cwa) 2707: 2705: 2695:(Cfa) 2692: 2690: 2680:(Csa) 2677: 2675: 2666:(BSk) 2663: 2661: 2652:(BSh) 2649: 2647: 2638:(BWk) 2635: 2633: 2624:(BWh) 2621: 2619: 2606: 2604: 2592: 2590: 2578: 2576: 2490:, the 2484:Ladakh 2476:Kunlun 2424:, and 2398:, and 2303:, and 2152:labour 2090:, and 2045:, and 1890:Multan 1888:, and 1851:, and 1787:Buddha 1785:, and 1712:, and 1611:, and 1369:Bhutan 1303:, and 1289:Hindus 1212:, and 1161:, had 1124:, and 1100:. The 1068:, and 1056:, the 1050:Bhutan 1042:states 1034:ethnic 988:UN M49 916:Lahore 868:Mumbai 768:Bhutan 639:Turkic 630:Newari 620:Tamang 610:Meitei 595:Gurung 573:Sindhi 501:Telugu 423:Nepali 418:Pashto 368: 336: 312: 299: 273: 260: 250:Bhutan 247: 234: 152:Turkic 118:medium 24598:Other 24589:Latin 24566:Tamil 24464:Indus 24459:Greek 24426:Uzbek 24368:Limbu 24338:Balti 24279:Ongan 24216:Korku 24203:Munda 24160:Khasi 24114:Wakhi 24021:Mahal 23979:Hindi 23964:Dogri 23856:Tamil 23781:Nepal 23754:India 23594:Nepal 23584:India 23479:Terai 23417:Malwa 23201:Troad 23176:Mysia 23156:Lydia 23151:Lycia 23141:Doris 23126:Caria 23106:Ionia 22941:Negev 22914:Judea 22829:Suhum 22807:Sawad 22748:Hejaz 22638:with 22531:Halar 22185:South 22114:Luzon 22104:Timor 21832:North 21501:Korea 21315:Turan 21057:India 21042:Islam 20910:Hindu 20835:Music 20631:Nepal 20609:South 20597:North 20592:India 20324:(PDF) 20309:(PDF) 20250:(PDF) 20243:(PDF) 19608:(PDF) 19597:(PDF) 19351:(PDF) 19295:(4). 19174:(PDF) 19163:(PDF) 18971:. CIA 18350:(PDF) 18308:(PDF) 18243:(PDF) 18185:(PDF) 17995:(PDF) 17982:(PDF) 17952:(PDF) 17873:(PDF) 17866:(PDF) 17475:(PDF) 17468:(PDF) 16972:(PDF) 16910:(PDF) 16899:(PDF) 16781:Jains 16712:. CIA 16688:(PDF) 16683:জানুন 16662:. CIA 16522:JSTOR 16324:Hindi 16204:(PDF) 16197:(PDF) 16178:9 May 15676:S2CID 15668:(PDF) 15627:S2CID 15409:S2CID 15356:(PDF) 15339:(PDF) 15303:S2CID 15240:(PDF) 15218:S2CID 15103:S2CID 15052:S2CID 15007:S2CID 14958:S2CID 14916:. In 14629:JSTOR 14545:9 May 14077:9 May 13930:9 May 13904:9 May 13878:9 May 13792:. BBC 13765:JSTOR 13680:9 May 13642:9 May 12478:See: 10913:18526 9948:68–70 9917:78–79 9793:14–15 9526:(PDF) 9298:Notes 9150:Nepal 9114:SASEC 9096:Nepal 9058:SAARC 9040:Nepal 8981:Nepal 8907:(km) 8900:Name 8870:SASEC 8541:81.8 8538:92.1 8535:82.6 8532:66.2 8529:75.3 8526:69.5 8523:85.7 8504:Nepal 8498:India 8353:Islam 8320:is a 8167:Dhaka 8092:Tamil 7914:Nepal 7823:Hindi 7785:India 7652:Dhaka 7573:Kabul 7454:(EPI) 7371:Nepal 7365:India 7345:Nepal 7282:Nepal 7204:8.9% 7116:7.8% 7096:Nepal 7069:5.2% 7002:India 6620:134th 6602:164th 6589:6.0% 6551:121st 6533:146th 6523:6.3% 6520:4.2% 6504:Nepal 6454:4.3% 6451:8.7% 6413:118th 6395:134th 6385:6.9% 6382:6.8% 6366:India 6344:114th 6326:125th 6316:7.7% 6313:4.0% 6275:112th 6257:129th 6247:6.1% 6244:7.2% 6206:154th 6188:182nd 6004:BRICS 5916:Music 5893:Nepal 5885:India 5723:India 5693:1,689 5677:India 5647:1,225 5631:India 5555:1,743 5539:India 5475:Dhaka 5463:1,124 5434:Sindh 5417:1,352 5401:India 5371:1,046 5355:India 5325:2,344 5309:India 5291:Delhi 5261:Rank 5240:2011 5237:1.4% 5222:12.6% 5212:70.2% 5187:2010 5169:1.85% 5164:1.59% 5139:2013 5136:0.8% 5121:81.3% 5103:Nepal 5046:2011 5043:1.3% 5031:14.2% 5026:79.8% 5008:India 4994:2010 4982:0.1% 4978:22.6% 4968:74.8% 4943:2011 4930:90.4% 4893:2019 4890:0.3% 4880:99.7% 4832:Islam 4782:Sindh 4700:Islam 4619:Islam 4563:Magar 4555:Limbu 4450:Hindi 4314:377.5 4271:0.35 4268:0.50 4265:0.68 4214:1.91 4211:2.09 4208:2.05 4157:1.09 4154:1.17 4151:1.05 4135:Nepal 4100:1.85 4097:2.76 4094:2.68 4043:1.10 4040:1.23 4037:1.46 4021:India 3986:1.18 3983:1.58 3980:2.05 3977:20.3 3929:1.04 3926:1.16 3923:1.18 3920:1301 3872:2.41 3869:3.16 3866:2.78 3863:61.8 3836:2100 3833:2075 3830:2050 3827:2025 3824:2000 3821:1975 3818:1950 3724:Total 3624:Nepal 3597:India 3499:Shelf 3330:Puars 3128:Nepal 3073:China 2960:Kochi 2941:Indus 2609:(Aw) 2595:(Am) 2581:(Af) 2177:. As 2084:Sikhs 2057:Akbar 2052:jizya 1964:Babur 1960:Babur 1904:Timur 1886:Sindh 1365:Nepal 1357:India 1301:Jains 1297:Sikhs 1206:Islam 1183:caste 1157:, an 1149:, an 1136:Indus 1062:Nepal 1054:India 1014:World 928:Kabul 880:Dhaka 857:Delhi 758:: 746:Nepal 741:: 724:India 719:: 697:: 680:: 652:Uzbek 642:: 600:Limbu 585:: 528:Dogri 513:: 486:: 469:Khasi 464:: 446:Tamil 413:Hindi 289:Nepal 263:India 167:Islam 24645:Urdu 24551:Odia 24493:Arwi 24378:Mizo 24353:Garo 24343:Bodo 24287:Önge 24231:Sora 24170:Pnar 24104:Dari 24041:Odia 23984:Urdu 23866:Tulu 23454:Doab 22929:Aram 22736:Najd 22677:Elam 22632:West 22415:Doab 21960:West 21870:Ural 21463:East 21242:Asia 20920:Sikh 20890:and 20289:ISBN 20270:OCLC 20212:ISBN 20191:ISBN 20171:ISBN 20145:ISBN 20124:ISBN 20103:ISBN 20079:ISBN 20047:ISBN 20015:ISBN 19995:ISBN 19975:ISBN 19950:ISBN 19927:ISBN 19897:ISBN 19875:ISBN 19855:ISBN 19829:ISBN 19814:2019 19801:ISBN 19776:ISBN 19755:ISBN 19700:2019 19672:2019 19646:2013 19616:2013 19579:2020 19523:ISBN 19483:ISBN 19455:ISBN 19425:2024 19388:2019 19358:2020 19333:2020 19308:2020 19297:ISSN 19268:2020 19232:2020 19182:2020 19129:ISSN 19094:2017 19064:2020 19034:2020 19008:2014 18977:2014 18955:"12" 18941:2015 18920:2019 18890:2019 18862:2012 18812:2018 18776:OCLC 18766:ISBN 18747:2018 18736:OCLC 18728:ISSN 18677:2022 18638:2010 18607:2015 18595:Dawn 18577:2023 18552:2009 18526:2023 18498:2009 18472:2015 18460:Dawn 18423:2015 18393:2017 18327:ISBN 18158:2017 18128:2018 18098:2016 18068:2022 18028:2017 18003:2019 17965:2019 17935:2019 17907:2022 17881:2015 17844:2022 17811:2023 17785:2023 17759:2023 17734:2023 17727:UNDP 17709:2015 17660:2024 17653:UNDP 17631:2024 17589:2022 17563:2022 17537:2022 17512:2011 17483:2011 17448:2011 17419:2023 17408:ISSN 17386:2015 17360:2023 17334:2023 17323:ISSN 17281:2022 17256:2023 17227:2023 17215:mint 17181:2022 17151:2022 17125:2020 17100:2020 17070:ISSN 17029:ISBN 17008:2023 16983:2021 16944:2019 16918:2022 16882:2019 16832:2010 16806:2010 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