13654:
13338:
1956:
2116:
1880:
1700:
1568:
160:
787:
990:
601:. A more recent (circa first millennium BC) contact between "core Altaic" (Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic) is distinguished from this, due to the existence of definitive common words that appear to have been mostly borrowed from Turkic into Mongolic, and later from Mongolic into Tungusic, as Turkic borrowings into Mongolic significantly outnumber Mongolic borrowings into Turkic, and Turkic and Tungusic do not share any words that do not also exist in Mongolic.
605:
380:
1728:
650:
6351:, but Altaic currently lacks support from a majority of linguists. None of the theories linking Turkic languages to other families have a wide degree of acceptance at present. Shared features with languages grouped together as Altaic have been interpreted by most mainstream linguists to be the result of a
1022:. This separates the Oghur branch, which exhibits /r/, from the rest of Turkic, which exhibits /z/. In this case, rhotacism refers to the development of *-/r/, *-/z/, and *-/d/ to /r/,*-/k/,*-/kh/ in this branch. See Antonov and Jacques (2012) on the debate concerning rhotacism and lambdacism in Turkic.
7772:
Another Turkic people in the Volga area are the
Chuvash, who, like the Tatars, regard themselves as descendants of the Volga Bulghars in the historical and cultural sense. It is clear that Chuvash belongs to the Oghur branch of Turkic, as the language of the Volga Bulghars did, but no direct evidence
6555:
Lars
Johanson once classified South Siberian group into 4 subgroups (Sayan Turkic, Yenisei Turkic, Chulym Turkic and Altai Turkic). Sayan Turkic consisted of Tuvan (Soyot, Uriankhai) and Tofa (Karagas). Yenisei Turkic consisted of Khakas, Shor and related dialects (Saghay, Qaca, Qizil). Chulym Turkic
443:
is the least harmonic or not harmonic at all. Taking into account the documented historico-linguistic development of Turkic languages overall, both inscriptional and textual, the family provides over one millennium of documented stages as well as scenarios in the linguistic evolution of vowel harmony
7799:
Modern
Chuvash is the only descendant language of the Ogur branch.The ancestors of its speakers left the Khazar Empire in the 8th century and migrated to the region at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, where they founded the Volga Bulgarian Empire in the 10th century. In the central Volga
577:
from other Turkic languages. According to him, the
Chuvash language does not share certain common characteristics with Turkic languages to such a degree that some scholars consider it an independent Chuvash family similar to Uralic and Turkic languages. Turkic classification of Chuvash was seen as a
6411:
In addition, the fact that the morphological elements are not easily borrowed between languages, added to the fact that the common morphological elements between Korean and Turkic are not less numerous than between Turkic and other Altaic languages, strengthens the possibility that there is a close
7998:
lies mainly in its statistics whereas its framework for the internal classification of Turkic is still based largely on
Baskakov (1962) and the collective work in Deny et al. (1959–1964). A more up-to-date alternative to classifying these languages on internal comparative grounds is to be found in
2171:
Also, there may be shifts in the meaning from one language to another, and so the "Common meaning" given is only approximate. In some cases, the form given is found only in some dialects of the language, or a loanword is much more common (e.g. in
Turkish, the preferred word for "fire" is the
893:
This has obscured the historical developments within each language and/or language group, and as a result, there exist several systems to classify the Turkic languages. The modern genetic classification schemes for Turkic are still largely indebted to
Samoilovich (1922).
6454:. This view is rejected and seen as obsolete by mainstream linguists. Similarities are because of language contact and borrowings mostly from Turkic into Ugric languages. Stachowski (2015) states that any relation between Turkic and Uralic must be a contact one.
2163:
Empty cells do not necessarily imply that a particular language is lacking a word to describe the concept, but rather that the word for the concept in that language may be formed from another stem and is not cognate with the other words in the row or that a
313:. Other Turkic languages demonstrate varying amounts of mutual intelligibility within their subgroups as well. Although methods of classification vary, the Turkic languages are usually considered to be divided into two branches:
974:
Geographically and linguistically, the languages of the
Northwestern and Southeastern subgroups belong to the central Turkic languages, while the Northeastern and Khalaj languages are the so-called peripheral languages.
360:
hypothesis. However, there has not been sufficient evidence to conclude the existence of either of these macrofamilies. The shared characteristics between the languages are attributed presently to extensive prehistoric
7668:/ by Igor de Rachewiltz and Volker Rybatzki; with the collaboration of Hung Chin-fu. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 8, Central Asia; 20). — Leiden; Boston, 2010. — P. 7.
8991:
1960. "About the stress in the language of the
Siberian Tatars in connection with the stress of modern Tatar literary language" .- Sat *"Problems of Turkic and the history of Russian Oriental Studies." Kazan.
7800:
region three Volga
Bulgarian dialects developed, and Chuvash is the descendant of the 3rd dialect of Volga Bulgarian (Agyagási 2019: 160–183). Sources refer to it as a separate language beginning with 1508
6520:
and some others believe that the Kyrgyz–Kipchak subgroup originally belonged to the Siberian group, but was significantly influenced by the Kipchak languages and can now be included in the Kipchak group.
7773:
for diachronic development between the two has been established. As there were several distinct Oghur languages in the Middle Ages, Volga Bulghar could represent one of these and Chuvash another.
444:
which, in turn, demonstrates harmony evolution along a confidently definable trajectory Though vowel harmony is a common characteristic of major language families spoken in Inner Eurasia (
8775:
SOME STAR NAMES IN MODERN TURKIC LANGUAGES-I – Yong-Sŏng LI – Academy of Korean Studies Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (AKS-2010-AGC-2101) – Seoul National University 2014
7498:
The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia,
10222:
9276:
728:
is the first comprehensive dictionary of the Turkic languages and also includes the first known map of the Turkic speakers' geographical distribution. It mainly pertains to the
527:
is the homeland of the early Turkic language. Relying on Proto-Turkic lexical items about the climate, topography, flora, fauna, people's modes of subsistence, Turkologist
7616:
14660:
These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
8106:
7695:
874:
For centuries, the Turkic-speaking peoples have migrated extensively and intermingled continuously, and their languages have been influenced mutually and through
9116:Öztopçu, Kurtuluş. 1996. Dictionary of the Turkic languages: English, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Uighur, Uzbek. London: Routledge.
8062:
2160:
among the basic vocabulary across the Turkic language family (about 60 words). Despite being cognates, some of the words may denote a different meaning.
6556:
consisted of dialects such as Küerik. Altai Turkic consisted of Altay (Oirot) and dialects such as Tuba, Qumanda, Qu, Teleut, Telengit. (Johanson 1998)
6392:. He states that these supposed cognates can be useful to reconstruct the early Turkic language. According to him, words related to nature, earth and
8830:
7943:
Lars Johanson, The History of Turkic. In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds), The Turkic Languages, London, New York: Routledge, 81–125, 1998.
7747:
456:
and Turkic), the type of harmony found in them differs from each other, specifically, Uralic and Turkic have a shared type of vowel harmony (called
12327:
9378:
14244:
7560:
Thus, our study provides the first genetic evidence supporting one of the previously hypothesized IAHs to be near Mongolia and South Siberia.
14629:
9555:
8611:
10429:
10272:
9100:
8130:
7589:
7211:
8650:
13611:
12462:
9420:
8577:
7291:
9084:
8186:
8162:
7947:
10212:
8518:
8483:
7981:
7890:
6478:
8553:
566:. Although the loans were bidirectional, today Turkic loanwords constitute the largest foreign component in Mongolian vocabulary.
14662:
13326:
8388:
8358:
8237:
8218:
6407:
The linguist Choi suggested already in 1996 a close relationship between Turkic and Korean regardless of any Altaic connections:
597:
families has in more recent years been instead attributed to prehistoric contact amongst the group, sometimes referred to as the
9231:
7348:
Georg, Stefan; Michalove, Peter A.; Ramer, Alexis Manaster; Sidwell, Paul J. (1999). "Telling general linguists about Altaic".
383:
Map showing countries and autonomous subdivisions where a language belonging to the Turkic language family has official status
9075:
8103:
8009:
Hruschka, Daniel J.; Branford, Simon; Smith, Eric D.; Wilkins, Jon; Meade, Andrew; Pagel, Mark; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy (2015).
7872:
7730:
7295:
7250:
8448:
7679:
11842:
11423:
8418:
7156:
11952:
9315:
9281:
9290:
8804:
7132:
Rybatzki, Volker (2020). "Altaic Languages: Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic". In Martine Robbeets; Alexander Savelyev (eds.).
8334:
14352:
10924:
8644:
8605:
13304:
12109:
9209:
9184:
9121:
9026:
7918:
7765:
7689:
7583:
7432:
7422:
7275:
7205:
238:
Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is
14687:
12085:
11324:
10295:
9548:
9162:
7841:
9060:
Dolatkhah, Sohrab. 2016. Le qashqay: langue turcique d'Iran. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (online).
13953:
11243:
11179:
10422:
9222:
8911:
8868:"Relations between ancient Korea and Turkey: An examination of contacts between Koguryŏ and the Turkic Khaganate"
8068:
10137:
10125:
963:
With less certainty, the Southwestern, Northwestern, Southeastern and Oghur groups may further be summarized as
14405:
12455:
11856:
11098:
9413:
9304:
8962:
8636:
The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3–6, 1994
6473:
11607:
8682:
14624:
14239:
13653:
12943:
12938:
12322:
11969:
11104:
10929:
10715:
10709:
10633:
10352:
10342:
10337:
10202:
10030:
9814:
9809:
9385:
7908:
802:
9337:
14287:
12332:
12317:
12016:
11317:
11304:
11075:
11036:
10357:
10327:
10182:
8444:
8414:
8011:"Detecting Regular Sound Changes in Linguistics as Events of Concerted Evolution 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.064"
412:
8841:
6682:
6675:
6668:
712:
13319:
12312:
12306:
12091:
11364:
11282:
11255:
10959:
10949:
10305:
10207:
9646:
9541:
9370:
9355:
9345:
9240:
9004:
8294:
8259:
6574:
6517:
956:
is also referred to as Lir-Turkic, and the other branches are subsumed under the title of Shaz-Turkic or
428:
816:(c. 6th–11th centuries AD), Turkic languages, in the course of just a few centuries, spread across
14692:
14173:
11878:
11539:
11336:
11134:
10994:
10964:
10954:
10944:
10650:
10415:
9974:
9393:
8328:
979:
20:
14682:
13002:
12448:
12290:
12097:
12073:
12048:
12021:
12004:
11014:
10969:
10939:
10912:
10483:
10438:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10230:
10152:
10147:
9803:
9789:
9564:
9406:
9254:
9236:
6672:
1948:
930:
6373:
14697:
14001:
12756:
12337:
12144:
11781:
11769:
11601:
10663:
10656:
10472:
10197:
10142:
9913:
9743:
9632:
6468:
6381:
1860:
1014:
8206:
Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. The Turkic languages. London: Routledge. 82-83p.
7634:
Clark, Larry V. (1980). "Turkic Loanwords in Mongol, I: The Treatment of Non-initial S, Z, Š, Č".
14029:
13973:
13720:
13716:
13556:
13374:
13369:
13117:
12831:
12785:
12768:
12733:
12694:
12553:
12499:
11342:
11267:
10670:
10620:
10011:
9906:
9856:
9835:
9826:
9708:
9625:
9585:
9517:
9063:
Dolatkhah, Sohrab. 2015. Qashqay Folktales. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (online).
7636:
6483:
2061:
2040:
1936:
1839:
1819:
1555:
907:
809:
322:
116:
14266:
13624:
13601:
13416:
13312:
13171:
13144:
12957:
12811:
12701:
12356:
12204:
11999:
11775:
11728:
11358:
11275:
10934:
10918:
10726:
10627:
10490:
10466:
10167:
10162:
9927:
9899:
9890:
9849:
8595:
2090:
2085:
2000:
1751:
1173:
1138:
404:
310:
274:
11994:
9154:
Schönig, Claus. "The Internal Division of Modern Turkic and Its Historical Implications". In:
9098:
8698:
8127:
7573:
7299:
7193:
6372:, independently from Altaic, is suggested by some linguists. The linguist Kabak (2004) of the
515:
as the "Inner Asian Homeland" of the Turkic ethnicity. Similarly several linguists, including
14496:
14450:
14058:
13291:
12977:
12487:
12402:
12300:
11989:
11792:
11582:
11571:
11533:
11140:
11114:
11019:
11009:
10692:
10608:
10459:
10319:
10192:
10172:
9920:
9715:
9653:
9512:
9507:
9137:. (2019). lexibank/savelyevturkic: Turkic Basic Vocabulary Database (Version v1.0) . Zenodo.
8634:
8058:
6577:
and some others considered Southern Altai language to be a member of Kyrgyz-Kipchak subgroup.
6529:
Lars Johanson once considered Kyrgyz language to be a member of South Kipchak.(Johanson 1998)
6498:
6228:
2191:
1955:
1601:
1550:
752:
638:
543:
528:
508:
469:
388:
306:
224:
104:
13267:
12103:
11828:
8738:
Sibata, Takesi (1979). "Some syntactic similarities between Turkish, Korean, and Japanese".
8574:
7610:
Golden, Peter Benjamin (2011). "Ethnogenesis in the tribal zone: The Shaping of the Turks".
7321:
Vovin, Alexander (2005). "The end of the Altaic controversy: In memory of Gerhard Doerfer".
550:
approximately during the first millennium BC; the shared cultural tradition between the two
14649:
13712:
13431:
13386:
13107:
12933:
12669:
12377:
12134:
11942:
11915:
11898:
11866:
11764:
11478:
11403:
11330:
11109:
11086:
11058:
10989:
10900:
10681:
10300:
10290:
10280:
10130:
9984:
9797:
9681:
9299:
6243:
2206:
2115:
2030:
1879:
1635:
1145:
1084:
611:
286:
12262:
1699:
1567:
231:
to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a
8:
14390:
14009:
13634:
13456:
12907:
12816:
12623:
12154:
12058:
11958:
11947:
11909:
11888:
11786:
11745:
11520:
11502:
11496:
11471:
11464:
11457:
11370:
11353:
11092:
10758:
10745:
10639:
10589:
10446:
10347:
10120:
10105:
10040:
9842:
9764:
9674:
9667:
9618:
9576:
9082:
9081:
Johanson, Lars. 2022. "The history of Turkic." In: Johanson & Csató, pp. 83–120.
8639:. Turcologica Series. Contributor Éva Ágnes Csató. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 28.
8184:
8158:
7944:
7141:
6679:
6248:
6233:
2211:
2196:
1829:
1673:
1063:
798:
794:
721:
691:
664:
615:
608:
416:
352:, though this proposal is widely rejected by historical linguists. Similarities with the
298:
266:
9204:
8506:
8471:
7977:
7887:
960:. It is not clear when these two major types of Turkic can be assumed to have diverged.
14385:
14234:
14207:
13441:
13334:
12586:
12068:
12063:
12053:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12010:
11979:
11974:
11927:
11921:
11872:
11817:
11740:
11624:
11588:
11549:
11491:
11298:
11293:
11004:
10763:
10732:
10698:
10686:
10645:
10520:
10081:
10035:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9458:
9453:
9448:
8988:
8903:
8755:
8720:
8541:
8035:
8010:
7978:"Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Language Family Trees – Turkic"
7833:
7645:
7546:
7511:
7484:
7449:
7373:
7365:
7330:
6369:
1910:
887:
853:
849:
837:
717:
672:
586:
582:
570:
563:
449:
445:
424:
337:
333:
329:
270:
12165:
12128:
8376:
8355:
8234:
8215:
6565:
According to Lars Johanson, Fuyu Kyrgyz is considered to be closely related to Khakas.
598:
150:
14526:
14445:
14198:
13945:
13619:
13531:
13506:
13496:
13491:
13461:
13401:
13233:
13122:
12778:
12723:
12639:
12616:
12609:
12079:
11984:
11964:
11903:
11883:
11594:
11555:
11526:
11514:
11451:
11397:
11375:
11348:
11288:
11261:
11080:
11041:
11031:
10999:
10872:
10798:
10780:
10774:
10676:
10594:
10508:
10285:
10262:
10257:
10235:
10177:
9955:
9878:
9771:
9463:
9180:
9117:
9071:
9022:
8954:
8907:
8895:
8747:
8724:
8712:
8640:
8601:
8271:
8040:
7963:
7914:
7868:
7825:
7786:
7761:
7726:
7719:
7685:
7579:
7551:
7533:
7489:
7471:
7428:
7377:
7271:
7246:
7201:
6493:
2110:
1928:
1920:
1761:
1720:
1617:
1045:, e.g. in the word for "foot" *hadaq. This separates Khalaj as a peripheral language.
953:
943:
918:
879:
813:
740:
668:
594:
500:
341:
232:
121:
12170:
12159:
12139:
10477:
7402:
George van DRIEM: Handbuch der Orientalistik. Volume 1 Part 10. BRILL 2001. Page 336
1531:
is not realized as a consonant, but as a slight lengthening of the preceding vowel.
159:
14491:
14471:
14249:
14025:
14013:
14005:
13993:
13969:
13961:
13949:
13930:
13883:
13785:
13748:
13639:
13576:
13571:
13536:
13486:
13411:
13391:
13203:
13132:
13127:
12972:
12912:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12664:
12654:
12533:
12387:
12247:
12237:
12232:
12186:
12180:
12149:
12042:
11937:
11861:
11799:
11751:
11686:
11679:
11672:
11665:
11658:
11647:
11631:
11566:
11561:
11544:
11485:
11379:
11311:
11222:
11189:
11157:
11053:
11025:
10974:
10895:
10879:
10865:
10847:
10840:
10826:
10786:
10768:
10752:
10560:
10543:
10247:
10240:
10187:
10115:
10110:
10060:
9990:
9872:
9778:
9750:
9736:
9639:
9611:
9592:
9429:
9172:
9147:
Schönig, Claus. 1997–1998. "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages I-III."
9138:
9134:
8946:
8887:
8879:
8702:
8694:
8030:
8022:
7753:
7541:
7523:
7479:
7461:
7357:
7137:
6539:
6463:
6447:
6348:
6303:
6273:
6258:
6253:
6238:
2266:
2236:
2221:
2216:
2201:
2124:
1872:
1795:
1668:
1654:
1649:
1625:
1180:
1090:
1077:
1070:
924:
883:
875:
845:
841:
829:
775:
744:
680:
676:
574:
481:
453:
374:
362:
353:
349:
318:
294:
290:
282:
239:
228:
34:
30:
14481:
13381:
12967:
12591:
12227:
12175:
11167:
7298:
International Institute, Center for World Languages. February 2007. Archived from
1915:
581:
Some lexical and extensive typological similarities between Turkic and the nearby
14645:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
14327:
14304:
14277:
14017:
13989:
13985:
13957:
13926:
13863:
13820:
13803:
13629:
13591:
13526:
13511:
13481:
13476:
13471:
13466:
13451:
13446:
13436:
13426:
13406:
13396:
13364:
13262:
13257:
13245:
13226:
13208:
13195:
13112:
13077:
13038:
13017:
12984:
12962:
12917:
12850:
12821:
12773:
12763:
12718:
12713:
12574:
12569:
12523:
12382:
12257:
12242:
12211:
11932:
11893:
11758:
11704:
11576:
11438:
11204:
11199:
11064:
10979:
10860:
10853:
10833:
10815:
10720:
10703:
10502:
10074:
10025:
9979:
9862:
9757:
9729:
9688:
9605:
9389:
9374:
9341:
9319:
9271:
9226:
9166:
9104:
9088:
8581:
8362:
8241:
8222:
8190:
8134:
8110:
8093:, eds. Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (London–NY: Routledge, 2006), 434–452.
7951:
7894:
7620:
7528:
7510:
Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; et al. (21 April 2015).
7466:
7448:
Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; et al. (21 April 2015).
7238:
7159:[Chronology of Turkish Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Turks]
6543:
6451:
6344:
6317:
Turkish and Azerbaijani "ı", Karakhanid "ɨ", Turkmen "y", and Sakha "ï": IPA /ɯ/
6293:
6283:
6278:
6268:
2256:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2137:
2129:
2035:
2025:
2008:
1973:
1905:
1855:
1824:
1766:
1746:
1711:
1683:
1630:
1609:
1560:
1152:
1124:
1117:
1103:
1018:(or in some views, zetacism), e.g. in the last consonant of the word for "nine" *
912:
857:
736:
729:
590:
562:, and there exists a multitude of evident loanwords between Turkic languages and
551:
536:
532:
314:
302:
278:
220:
192:
176:
94:
88:
8440:
7164:
2180:
is dead). Forms are given in native Latin orthographies unless otherwise noted.
1539:
The following table is based mainly upon the classification scheme presented by
690:
The first established records of the Turkic languages are the eighth century AD
626:
250:; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers, followed by
14639:
14536:
14516:
14410:
14395:
14360:
14261:
14033:
14021:
13997:
13977:
13938:
13887:
13848:
13753:
13743:
13662:
13596:
13581:
13561:
13546:
13541:
13516:
13501:
13421:
13359:
13342:
13285:
13087:
13061:
13022:
12902:
12858:
12826:
12790:
12728:
12706:
12659:
12548:
12516:
12508:
12479:
12392:
12252:
12221:
12192:
11823:
11709:
11692:
11642:
11637:
11508:
11445:
11215:
11209:
11129:
11124:
11070:
11047:
10792:
10614:
10571:
10554:
10548:
10526:
10514:
10252:
10020:
9533:
9499:
9312:
9054:
8410:
6423:
6343:
The Turkic language family is currently regarded as one of the world's primary
6298:
6288:
6263:
2261:
2251:
2226:
2017:
1990:
1967:
1891:
1834:
1790:
1771:
1741:
1693:
1678:
1579:
1166:
1159:
1131:
1110:
1096:
936:
771:
492:
477:
440:
436:
396:
251:
188:
180:
53:
8950:
8789:
8026:
7512:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia"
7450:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia"
7361:
345:
14676:
14572:
14562:
14365:
14254:
14153:
14108:
13981:
13903:
13899:
13869:
13813:
13798:
13763:
13670:
13586:
13566:
13551:
13139:
13082:
12740:
12276:
12216:
12198:
11714:
11698:
11652:
11409:
11229:
11194:
11184:
11162:
11119:
10984:
10565:
10497:
9522:
9266:
9249:
8958:
8899:
8751:
8716:
8322:
8275:
7829:
7537:
7475:
7189:
6431:
2056:
1995:
1756:
1540:
957:
825:
703:
695:
547:
516:
432:
392:
262:
258:
10407:
8183:
Deviating. Historically developed from Southwestern (Oghuz) (Johanson 1998)
7198:
Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages
6323:
Turkish and Azerbaijani "y",Turkmen "ý" and "j" in other languages: IPA /j/
531:
locates the Proto-Turkic Urheimat in the southern, taiga-steppe zone of the
273:, are almost universal within the Turkic family. There is a high degree of
14551:
14337:
13965:
13907:
13891:
13853:
13705:
13675:
11173:
10157:
9965:
9699:
9489:
9142:
8044:
7555:
7493:
6422:
Many historians also point out a close non-linguistic relationship between
983:
817:
790:
555:
520:
496:
356:
even caused these families to be regarded as one for a long time under the
196:
8883:
7757:
7575:
Archaeology and Language II: Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses
6542:
vocabulary component, and is spoken exclusively by adult men, almost as a
989:
786:
136:
14541:
14193:
14138:
13843:
13773:
12948:
12579:
9298:
dictionaries of various Turkic Languages and games for learning words by
8671:
In Glottolog, Western Yugur is classified as Enisei-East Siberian Turkic.
6417:
Choi Han-Woo, A Comparative Study of Korean and Turkic (Hoseo University)
1593:
357:
215:. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from
9364:
at Elegant Lexicon (Comprehensive lexical database for Turkic languages)
8891:
8759:
8707:
7837:
7813:
7649:
7421:
Standish, Russell K.; Bedau, Mark; Abbass, Hussein A. (25 August 2023).
7411:
M. A. Castrén, Nordische Reisen und Forschungen. V, St.-Petersburg, 1849
7334:
604:
14521:
14486:
14342:
14322:
14317:
14312:
14183:
13521:
13164:
13155:
10820:
10332:
10051:
10001:
9867:
9484:
9479:
9219:
9159:
8262:(1958). "La Classification des Dialectes de la Langue Turque d'Altaï".
7787:"A Volga Bulgarian Classifier: A Historical and Areal Linguistic Study"
7369:
6488:
6393:
6389:
6352:
2098:
755:
699:
473:
420:
204:
14148:
8867:
1727:
1009:
are traditionally used in the classification of the Turkic languages:
379:
14567:
14546:
14511:
14506:
14455:
14415:
14400:
14370:
14273:
14224:
14133:
13895:
13808:
13768:
13689:
13685:
12674:
9361:
8998:
Akhatov G.Kh. 1963. "Dialect West Siberian Tatars" (monograph). Ufa.
7157:"ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОНТАКТЫ РАННИХ ТЮРКОВ"
6377:
1800:
683:
655:
504:
212:
200:
144:
130:
14556:
9398:
9325:
8934:
871:
to Turkey in the West. (See picture in the box on the right above.)
431:
word order is universal within the family. In terms of the level of
14598:
14531:
14476:
14425:
14380:
14229:
14203:
14178:
14128:
14103:
13920:
13733:
13697:
13681:
12440:
9111:
The Turkic languages and peoples: An introduction to Turkic studies
7612:
6435:
2165:
1006:
828:. Various terminologies from the Turkic languages have passed into
660:
634:
559:
524:
512:
243:
216:
9382:
9351:
9245:
9214:
7814:"A Survey of Studies of Turkic Loan-Words in the Russian Language"
14608:
14588:
14501:
14118:
14113:
14093:
14046:
13915:
13833:
13778:
13758:
13738:
13728:
13693:
9568:
9334:
6427:
6385:
2157:
967:, the Northeastern, Kyrgyz-Kipchak, and Arghu (Khalaj) groups as
868:
864:
821:
767:
763:
400:
344:
languages. These similarities have led some linguists (including
247:
208:
184:
65:
10009:
8831:"On the ancient relations between the Turkic and Korean peoples"
7509:
7447:
863:
The geographical distribution of Turkic-speaking peoples across
14634:
14593:
14375:
14332:
14282:
14143:
14098:
14088:
14072:
14066:
14051:
14041:
13877:
13838:
13828:
13793:
13249:
12416:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
12397:
12295:
9660:
9329:
9285:
8549:
8514:
8479:
8384:
7897:
entries provide the information on the Turkic-speaking regions.
4678:
759:
724:, constitutes an early linguistic treatment of the family. The
649:
408:
9367:
558:" tradition. The two groups shared a similar religion system,
19:
This article is about a language family. For the journal, see
14603:
14188:
14123:
13858:
9128:
Some additions to the classification of the Turkish languages
8790:"A comparative study of Korean and Turkic: Is Korean Altaic?"
8104:"Turkic kümüš 'silver' and the lambdaism vs sigmatism debate"
748:
9033:
An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish
8008:
7665:
982:
methods to calculate a tree of Turkic based on phonological
495:
and their language is suggested to be somewhere between the
460:) whereas Mongolic and Tungusic represent a different type.
14644:
14420:
9259:
7678:
Johanson, Lars; Johanson, Éva Ágnes Csató (29 April 2015).
7666:
Introduction to Altaic philology: Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu
7613:
Studies on the peoples and cultures of the Eurasian steppes
7245:. Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd.
6401:
833:
7347:
1519:
7284:
6397:
6368:
The possibility of a genetic relation between Turkic and
6347:. Turkic is one of the main members of the controversial
1028:, e.g. the second consonant in the word for "foot" *hadaq
781:
9291:
Turkic language vocabulary comparison tool / dictionary
7398:
7396:
1613:(evolved into modern Turkish in the early 20th century)
897:
The Turkic languages may be divided into six branches:
14630:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
9295:
9097:. CD 98. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 5 sept. 2007.
7975:
8546:
Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia
8511:
Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia
8476:
Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia
8381:
Endangered Languages of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia
8137:, in Martine Robbeets and Alexander Savelyev (eds.),
7913:. Stockholm: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul.
7233:
7231:
7229:
6384:. Li Yong-Sŏng (2014) suggest that there are several
6358:
578:
compromise solution for the classification purposes.
507:), with genetic evidence pointing to the region near
14081:
9232:
Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan
8064:Некоторые дополнения к классификации турецких языков
7393:
7196:. In Martine Irma Robbeets; Hubert Cuyckens (eds.).
867:
since the Ottoman era ranges from the North-East of
179:
of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the
7420:
993:
A classification scheme of all the Turkic languages
9066:Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 2022.
7939:
7937:
7718:
7226:
6430:. Especially close were the relations between the
6314:Azerbaijani "q": IPA /g/, word-final "q": IPA /x/
1517:*In the standard Istanbul dialect of Turkish, the
439:is characterized as almost fully harmonic whereas
9191:Classification and index of the World's languages
9009:Introduction to the study of the Turkic languages
8771:
8769:
8303:Introduction to the study of the Turkic languages
7969:
770:. The earliest records of the language spoken by
762:inhabiting a region corresponding to present-day
328:Turkic languages show many similarities with the
14674:
9563:
9177:Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages.
9156:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
9021:. Turcologica, Bd. 61. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
8320:
8264:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
7677:
774:, debatably the parent or a distant relative of
743:is another early linguistic manual, between the
227:is thought to have been spoken, from where they
9158:, vol. 52, no. 1, 1999, pp. 63–95. JSTOR,
9017:Boeschoten, Hendrik & Lars Johanson. 2006.
8289:
8287:
8285:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8139:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
7934:
7134:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
878:with the surrounding languages, especially the
702:language, which were discovered in 1889 in the
637:that point to early contact during the time of
9220:Turkic Inscriptions of Orkhon Valley, Mongolia
9093:Johanson, Lars. 1998. "Turkic languages." In:
8797:International Journal of Central Asian Studies
8766:
8597:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
8153:
8151:
8149:
8147:
13320:
12456:
10437:
10423:
9549:
9414:
8935:"Turkic pronouns against a Uralic background"
8403:
7745:
7571:
523:and Matthew Spriggs, suggest that modern-day
325:, which includes all other Turkic languages.
14663:State with limited international recognition
12426:Families with more than 30 languages are in
10393:Families with more than 30 languages are in
9305:A Comparative Dictionary of Turkic Languages
8783:
8781:
8600:(revised ed.). Elsevier. p. 1109.
8593:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8282:
8247:
8141:, 2020, Oxford University Press, pp. 105–114
8128:"The classification of the Turkic languages"
6376:states that Turkic and Korean share similar
1554:
1549:
277:, upon moderate exposure, among the various
8594:Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah, eds. (2010).
8504:
8144:
7746:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
7136:. Oxford University Press. pp. 22–28.
6412:genetic affinity between Korean and Turkic.
6338:
2109:
1981:
1961:
1947:
1899:
1885:
1871:
1847:
1811:
1782:
1735:
1719:
1705:
1662:
1643:
1587:
1573:
1559:
778:, are dated to the 13th–14th centuries AD.
13327:
13313:
12463:
12449:
10430:
10416:
9556:
9542:
9421:
9407:
9189:Voegelin, C.F. & F.M. Voegelin. 1977.
9175:, Anna V. Dybo, and Oleg A. Mudrak. 2003.
8932:
8539:
8469:
8374:
8057:
7127:
7125:
2114:
1954:
1878:
1726:
1698:
1566:
1034:, e.g. in the suffix *lIG, in e.g. *tāglïg
8778:
8706:
8699:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030521-042356
8498:
8309:
8034:
7624:. Bucureşti: Ed. Acad. Române. pp. 35–37.
7545:
7527:
7483:
7465:
7163:(in Russian). p. 766. Archived from
7154:
716:), written during the 11th century AD by
317:, of which the only surviving member is
13610:
9275:) is being considered for deletion. See
8680:
8632:
8533:
8463:
8433:
8368:
8293:
8258:
7999:the work of Johanson and his co-workers.
7910:Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map
7906:
7900:
7784:
7572:Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (2003).
7265:
7188:
7131:
6479:List of Ukrainian words of Turkic origin
2151:
988:
785:
739:(12th–13th centuries AD) concerning the
648:
644:
633:Turkic languages also show some Chinese
603:
399:due to strong Persian-Tajik influence),
378:
164:The distribution of the Turkic languages
8865:
8828:
8102:Anton Antonov & Guillaume Jacques,
7862:
7856:
7237:
7182:
7122:
6446:Some linguists suggested a relation to
2156:The following is a brief comparison of
573:noted a significant distinction of the
14675:
9151:1:1.117–133, 1:2.262–277, 2:1.130–151.
8838:Journal of Turkic Civilization Studies
8737:
7984:from the original on 14 September 2012
7716:
7710:
782:Geographical expansion and development
13308:
12444:
10411:
9537:
9428:
9402:
9070:. Second edition. London: Routledge.
8965:from the original on 24 November 2021
8810:from the original on 12 December 2019
8681:Janhunen, Juha A. (17 January 2023).
8451:from the original on 27 November 2021
8421:from the original on 25 November 2022
7844:from the original on 28 November 2021
7811:
7633:
7320:
7292:"Language Materials Project: Turkish"
7243:Languages of the World, Third Edition
6320:Turkmen "ň", Karakhanid "ŋ": IPA /ŋ/
542:Extensive contact took place between
12470:
9160:http://www.jstor.org/stable/43391369
8787:
8653:from the original on 15 January 2023
8614:from the original on 15 January 2023
8202:
8200:
8198:
7976:Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005).
7698:from the original on 15 January 2023
7592:from the original on 15 January 2023
7214:from the original on 15 January 2023
9205:Interactive map of Turkic languages
8683:"The Unity and Diversity of Altaic"
8299:Введение в изучение тюркских языков
7863:Findley, Carter V. (October 2004).
7268:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
7148:
6329:All "ç" and "č" letters: IPA /t͡ʃ/
13:
13290:Languages between parentheses are
9313:The Turkic Languages in a Nutshell
9255:Grouping chart of Turkic Languages
9246:Classification of Turkic Languages
9035:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8981:
8914:from the original on 24 April 2019
8305:] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka.
7945:Classification of Turkic languages
7194:"Personal pronouns in Core Altaic"
7142:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0003
6359:Rejected or controversial theories
1051:, e.g. in the word for "moon", *āń
569:Italian historian and philologist
368:
14:
14709:
9279:to help reach a consensus. ›
9198:
8556:from the original on 11 July 2021
8521:from the original on 11 July 2021
8486:from the original on 11 July 2021
8337:from the original on 27 July 2021
8195:
8165:from the original on 8 April 2011
6326:All "ş" and "š" letters: IPA /ʃ/
6311:Azerbaijani "ǝ" and "ä": IPA /æ/
708:Compendium of the Turkic Dialects
13652:
13336:
9260:Online Uyghur–English Dictionary
9215:Turkic Language Portal (English)
9210:Turkic Languages Verb Comparison
8926:
8859:
8822:
8731:
8674:
8327:Большая российская энциклопедия/
7102:
7093:
7084:
7075:
7066:
7057:
7048:
7039:
7030:
7021:
7012:
7003:
6994:
6985:
6976:
6967:
6958:
793:Buddhist inscription written in
257:Characteristic features such as
158:
14635:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
9040:Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta
8872:Seoul Journal of Korean Studies
8665:
8626:
8587:
8568:
8391:from the original on 3 May 2006
8349:
8228:
8209:
8177:
8120:
8096:
8083:
8051:
8002:
7956:
7881:
7805:
7778:
7739:
7671:
7656:
7627:
7604:
7565:
7503:
7441:
7414:
7405:
7200:. John Benjamins. p. 223.
6949:
6940:
6931:
6922:
6913:
6904:
6895:
6886:
6877:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6841:
6832:
6823:
6814:
6805:
6796:
6787:
6778:
6769:
6760:
6751:
6742:
6733:
6724:
6715:
6706:
6697:
6688:
6661:
6652:
6643:
6634:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6598:
6589:
6580:
6568:
6559:
6549:
6532:
6523:
6511:
2080:
2016:
1984:
1691:
1043:Preservation of word initial *h
1038:Additional isoglosses include:
435:in the Turkic language family,
395:(with the notable exception of
13294:of the language on their left.
9344:(Grammar and other sources by
7725:. Cambridge University Press.
7384:
7341:
7314:
7259:
6474:List of Turkic-languages poets
3038:qulaq, qulqaq, qulxaq, qulɣaq
486:
309:, as well as Oghuz-influenced
1:
14625:Organization of Turkic States
9358:project for Turkic languages)
9264:
9038:Deny, Jean et al. 1959–1964.
7115:
2004:(extinct, partly revitalized)
803:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
619:
77:
8840:(1): 151–155. Archived from
8687:Annual Review of Linguistics
8633:Johanson, Lars, ed. (1998).
8445:Endangered Languages Project
8415:Endangered Languages Project
8067:(in Russian). Archived from
7529:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068
7467:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068
3355:(to press with one's knees)
1049:Denasalisation of palatal *ń
978:Hruschka, et al. (2014) use
659:("Book of Divination") from
7:
9346:Russian Academy of Sciences
9241:Goethe University Frankfurt
9019:Turkic languages in contact
8829:Babayar, Gaybullah (2004).
8089:Larry Clark, "Chuvash", in
7867:. Oxford University Press.
7717:Soucek, Svat (March 2000).
6694:Cyrillic: анне, аннӳ, амӑшӗ
6538:Äynu contains a very large
6457:
93:One of the world's primary
10:
14714:
10213:Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
9113:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
9042:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
8933:Stachowski, Marek (2015).
8329:Great Russian Encyclopedia
8325:[Altai language].
7865:The Turks in World History
7812:Poppe, Nicolas J. (1966).
7578:. Routledge. p. 203.
7427:. MIT Press. p. 391.
6678:is not distinguished from
6640:Cyrillic: ана, инә(й)/асай
6112:tăxăr vun(ă), tăxăr vunnă
5163:
3824:
2697:
1949:Northeastern Common Turkic
1873:Southeastern Common Turkic
1721:Northwestern Common Turkic
1561:Southwestern Common Turkic
1534:
980:computational phylogenetic
599:Northeast Asian sprachbund
467:
463:
372:
28:
18:
16:Language family of Eurasia
14658:
14617:
14581:
14464:
14438:
14351:
14303:
14296:
14217:
14166:
13661:
13650:
13350:
13276:
13244:
13219:
13194:
13153:
13100:
13070:
13054:
13047:
13031:
13010:
13001:
12926:
12895:
12867:
12849:
12804:
12749:
12687:
12647:
12638:
12600:
12562:
12541:
12532:
12507:
12498:
12478:
12411:
12370:
12347:
12286:
12275:
12119:
11852:
11841:
11809:
11736:
11727:
11616:
11433:
11422:
11389:
11251:
11242:
11150:
10908:
10894:
10808:
10603:
10585:
10536:
10454:
10445:
10439:Primary language families
10381:
10318:
10271:
10221:
10101:
10094:
10049:
10000:
9964:
9889:
9825:
9788:
9698:
9575:
9498:
9472:
9436:
9326:Turkic basic vocabularies
9126:Samoilovich, A. N. 1922.
9045:Dolatkhah, Sohrab. 2016.
8951:10.1163/1573384X-20150106
8321:Kormushin, I. V. (2018).
8117:15, no. 2 (2012): 151–70.
8027:10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.064
7893:14 September 2012 at the
7362:10.1017/S0022226798007312
6622:Cyrillic: атте, аҫу, ашшӗ
6441:
6363:
4988:toluq, tolu, toluu, tolo
4786:
3552:
2272:
1000:
589:families, as well as the
157:
143:
129:
110:
100:
89:Linguistic classification
87:
71:
59:
49:
44:
14240:Timeline of the Göktürks
11256:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
9388:24 February 2021 at the
9379:Astana, Kazakhstan, 2013
9277:templates for discussion
9133:Savelyev, Alexander and
8063:
7962:See the main article on
7270:. Springer. p. 10.
6504:
6469:List of Turkic languages
6339:Other possible relations
952:In this classification,
856:and to a lesser extent,
801:on the east wall of the
29:Not to be confused with
14688:Agglutinative languages
13220:Disputed classification
12423:have no living members.
10390:have no living members.
10273:East and Southeast Asia
9318:12 January 2014 at the
9237:Map of Turkic languages
9169:. Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.
9095:Encyclopædia Britannica
9031:Clausen, Gerard. 1972.
8740:Central Asiatic Journal
8580:15 January 2023 at the
8472:"The Kumandin Language"
8221:4 December 2020 at the
8133:15 January 2023 at the
8109:15 January 2023 at the
7907:Johanson, Lars (2001).
7818:Central Asiatic Journal
7721:A History of Inner Asia
7637:Central Asiatic Journal
7619:26 October 2020 at the
7323:Central Asiatic Journal
7266:Grenoble, L.A. (2003).
6484:Middle Turkic languages
13954:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12403:Unclassified languages
12357:list of sign languages
11325:Northeastern Tasmanian
9394:Kazan, Tatarstan, 2015
9383:Istanbul, Turkey, 2014
9225:2 October 2017 at the
9165:3 January 2023 at the
9143:10.5281/zenodo.3556518
8788:Choi, Han-Woo (1996).
8507:"The Chelkan Language"
7791:University of Debrecen
7350:Journal of Linguistics
6420:
6396:but especially to the
6374:University of Würzburg
6349:Altaic language family
6332:Kyrgyz "c": IPA /d͡ʒ/
2168:is used in its place.
994:
805:
687:
630:
554:groups is called the "
389:null-subject languages
384:
350:Altaic language family
275:mutual intelligibility
14451:Proto-Turkic language
14082:Extinct Turkic groups
12979:Old Anatolian Turkish
12378:Constructed languages
9193:. New York: Elsevier.
8939:Iran and the Caucasus
8884:10.1353/seo.2016.0017
8866:Tae-Don, Noh (2016).
8542:"The Teleut Language"
7785:Agyagási, K. (2020).
7758:10.4324/9781003243809
6671:. Cyrillic: ийэ. The
6499:Proto-Turkic language
6409:
6404:seem to be cognates.
5120:kızıl, kırmızı (Ar.)
2176:, whereas the native
2152:Vocabulary comparison
1602:Old Anatolian Turkish
992:
789:
652:
645:Early written records
607:
529:Peter Benjamin Golden
470:Proto-Turkic language
458:palatal vowel harmony
387:Turkic languages are
382:
307:Balkan Gagauz Turkish
14650:World Turks Qurultai
10925:Binanderean–Goilalan
9373:22 June 2022 at the
9340:26 June 2022 at the
9300:Pamukkale University
9173:Starostin, Sergei A.
9109:Menges, K. H. 1968.
9103:23 June 2008 at the
9087:8 April 2011 at the
9068:The Turkic Languages
8377:"The Soyot Language"
8361:20 June 2021 at the
8189:8 April 2011 at the
8091:The Turkic Languages
7950:8 April 2011 at the
7888:Turkic Language tree
7749:The Turkic Languages
7681:The Turkic Languages
7663:Rachewiltz, Igor de.
6450:, especially to the
6335:Kazakh "j": IPA /ʒ/
5067:kara, siyah (Pers.)
3628:ingek, ingen; tavar
1785:(Volga–Ural Turkic)
758:sent to the Western
713:Divânü Lügati't-Türk
612:Kul-chur inscription
491:The homeland of the
417:grammatical articles
14391:Karachay-Cherkessia
12908:Chaharmahali Turkic
12207:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
12110:Tequiraca–Canichana
11953:Harákmbut–Katukinan
10716:Northwest Caucasian
10710:Northeast Caucasian
10634:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
10031:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
9815:Northwest Caucasian
9810:Northeast Caucasian
9368:TurkLang Conference
9322:with illustrations.
8240:7 July 2021 at the
7994:The reliability of
7000:Cyrillic: қайын ене
6982:Cyrillic: кайын ана
6784:Cyrillic: эр, эркек
6775:Cyrillic: ер, еркек
6766:Cyrillic: ир, иркәк
6595:Cyrillic: ата, атай
6586:Cyrillic: ата, атай
6388:between Turkic and
5556:sek(k)iz, sik(k)iz
3622:inek, davar, sığır
2381:anne, annü, amăşĕ
2020:and Yenisei Turkic
1674:Chaharmahali Turkic
799:Old Uyghur alphabet
795:Old Uyghur language
741:Northwestern branch
730:Southwestern branch
722:Kara-Khanid Khanate
692:Orkhon inscriptions
665:Old Uyghur language
616:Old Turkic alphabet
497:Transcaspian steppe
429:Subject–object–verb
299:Chaharmahali Turkic
269:order, and lack of
267:subject-object-verb
242:, spoken mainly in
14582:Traditional sports
14386:Kabardino-Balkaria
14006:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
11829:Tarascan/Purépecha
11318:Northern Tasmanian
11076:South Bougainville
11037:North Bougainville
10296:Austronesian–Ongan
10095:Proposed groupings
9352:Turkic Interlingua
7390:Sinor, 1988, p.710
7302:on 11 October 2007
7155:Dybo A.V. (2007).
6811:Cyrillic: ар/арҫын
6748:Cyrillic: ывӑл, ул
6649:Cyrillic: эне, ана
6631:Cyrillic: ана, әни
4658:baq, daraq, cığaç
3920:çatır, otoo, otoq
2363:ana, inä(y)/asay
995:
888:Mongolic languages
806:
688:
671:, is an important
631:
623: 8th century
571:Igor de Rachewiltz
564:Mongolic languages
425:grammatical gender
385:
271:grammatical gender
81: 200 million
14693:Language families
14670:
14669:
14446:Old Turkic script
14434:
14433:
14245:Timeline 500–1300
14162:
14161:
13648:
13647:
13507:Kipchak languages
13462:Karamanli Turkish
13302:
13301:
13286:extinct languages
13190:
13189:
13186:
13185:
13182:
13181:
13096:
13095:
12997:
12996:
12944:South Azerbaijani
12939:North Azerbaijani
12845:
12844:
12634:
12633:
12438:
12437:
12388:Language isolates
12366:
12365:
12271:
12270:
11837:
11836:
11723:
11722:
11418:
11417:
11365:Western Tasmanian
11283:Eastern Tasmanian
11238:
11237:
10960:East Geelvink Bay
10890:
10889:
10581:
10580:
10405:
10404:
10314:
10313:
10306:Sino-Austronesian
10090:
10089:
9565:Language families
9531:
9530:
9430:Altaic hypothesis
9335:Monumenta Altaica
9076:978-0-415-73856-9
8059:Самойлович, А. Н.
7874:978-0-19-517726-8
7732:978-0-521-65169-1
7424:Artificial Life 8
7252:978-0-415-25004-7
7009:Cyrillic: кайнене
6494:Old Turkic script
6345:language families
6309:
6308:
6103:to'qson (tȯksån)
5945:oltmish (åltmiš)
5715:yigirmi, yigirme
5695:vunnă, vună, vun
5483:ult, ultă, ulttă
5325:viśśĕ, viśĕ, viś
4104:od, ateş (Pers.)
3235:*erŋek, *biarŋak
2328:atte, aśu, aşşĕ
2280:father, ancestor
2148:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2103:
2095:
2005:
1941:
1933:
1929:Khorezmian Turkic
1925:
1865:
1850:(Kyrgyz–Kipchak)
1805:
1776:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1514:
1513:
814:Early Middle Ages
706:in Mongolia. The
501:Northeastern Asia
233:dialect continuum
169:
168:
95:language families
14705:
14683:Turkic languages
14492:Tibetan Buddhism
14472:Turkic mythology
14353:Autonomous areas
14305:Sovereign states
14301:
14300:
14079:
14078:
14061:
14036:
13933:
13910:
13872:
13823:
13788:
13749:Crimean Karaites
13723:
13700:
13656:
13608:
13607:
13487:Khorasani Turkic
13341:
13340:
13339:
13329:
13322:
13315:
13306:
13305:
13052:
13051:
13045:
13044:
13008:
13007:
12875:Khorasani Turkic
12865:
12864:
12645:
12644:
12539:
12538:
12505:
12504:
12472:Turkic languages
12465:
12458:
12451:
12442:
12441:
12284:
12283:
12238:Huaorani/Waorani
12122:(extant in 2000)
12086:Esmeralda–Yaruro
11857:Andoque–Urequena
11850:
11849:
11734:
11733:
11540:Plateau Penutian
11431:
11430:
11406:(Northern Daly?)
11249:
11248:
11135:Northwest Papuan
11099:Trans–New Guinea
10965:East New Britain
10940:Central Solomons
10906:
10905:
10651:Great Andamanese
10601:
10600:
10452:
10451:
10432:
10425:
10418:
10409:
10408:
10373:Proto-Euphratean
10099:
10098:
10007:
10006:
9975:Great Andamanese
9558:
9551:
9544:
9535:
9534:
9423:
9416:
9409:
9400:
9399:
9282:Turkic languages
9149:Turkic Languages
9135:Martine Robbeets
9049:In: collection "
9047:Parlons qashqay.
9014:
9001:
8995:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8930:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8919:
8863:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8846:
8835:
8826:
8820:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8809:
8794:
8785:
8776:
8773:
8764:
8763:
8746:(3/4): 293–296.
8735:
8729:
8728:
8710:
8678:
8672:
8669:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8658:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8619:
8591:
8585:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8537:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8505:Tazranova, A.R.
8502:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8456:
8437:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8426:
8411:"Northern Altai"
8407:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8372:
8366:
8353:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8342:
8323:"Алтайский язык"
8318:
8307:
8306:
8291:
8280:
8279:
8256:
8245:
8232:
8226:
8213:
8207:
8204:
8193:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8155:
8142:
8126:Lars Johanson,
8124:
8118:
8115:Turkic Languages
8100:
8094:
8087:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8038:
8006:
8000:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7973:
7967:
7960:
7954:
7941:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7904:
7898:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7849:
7809:
7803:
7802:
7782:
7776:
7775:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7724:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7675:
7669:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7631:
7625:
7608:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7549:
7531:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7487:
7469:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7418:
7412:
7409:
7403:
7400:
7391:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7239:Katzner, Kenneth
7235:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7170:on 11 March 2005
7169:
7162:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7129:
7109:
7106:
7100:
7097:
7091:
7088:
7082:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7064:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7037:
7034:
7028:
7027:Cyrillic: хунама
7025:
7019:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6992:
6989:
6983:
6980:
6974:
6971:
6965:
6964:Cyrillic: кийиит
6962:
6956:
6953:
6947:
6944:
6938:
6935:
6929:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6902:
6899:
6893:
6890:
6884:
6881:
6875:
6872:
6866:
6863:
6857:
6854:
6848:
6845:
6839:
6836:
6830:
6827:
6821:
6818:
6812:
6809:
6803:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6776:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6758:
6755:
6749:
6746:
6740:
6737:
6731:
6728:
6722:
6719:
6713:
6710:
6704:
6701:
6695:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6677:
6670:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6650:
6647:
6641:
6638:
6632:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6605:
6602:
6596:
6593:
6587:
6584:
6578:
6575:Nikolai Baskakov
6572:
6566:
6563:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6536:
6530:
6527:
6521:
6518:Nikolai Baskakov
6515:
6464:Altaic languages
6448:Uralic languages
6418:
6051:sakson (säksån)
6024:sǝksǝn (säksän)
5980:ýetmiş (yetmiš)
5927:altmyş (altmïš)
5918:altmış (altmïš)
5706:yigirmi/yégirmi
5014:ak, beyaz (Ar.)
4699:tarï/Allah/Xoda
3649:uy, sıyır, inek
3389:çĕrśi, çerkuśśi
3015:kılaman, kirbii
2548:*kiĺi, *yạlaŋuk
2183:
2182:
2172:Persian-derived
2140:
2132:
2118:
2101:
2093:
2003:
1958:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1882:
1863:
1814:(Aralo-Caspian)
1803:
1774:
1730:
1702:
1655:Khorasani Turkic
1620:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1570:
1547:
1546:
1056:
1055:
810:Turkic expansion
776:Chuvash language
745:Kipchak language
698:, recording the
653:The 9th-century
624:
621:
575:Chuvash language
552:Eurasian nomadic
482:Turkic migration
375:Altaic languages
363:language contact
354:Uralic languages
348:) to propose an
281:, which include
173:Turkic languages
162:
153:
139:
82:
79:
42:
41:
35:Turkish language
31:Trukic languages
22:Turkic Languages
14713:
14712:
14708:
14707:
14706:
14704:
14703:
14702:
14698:History of Ural
14673:
14672:
14671:
14666:
14661:
14654:
14613:
14577:
14460:
14430:
14347:
14328:Northern Cyprus
14292:
14278:Altai Mountains
14213:
14158:
14077:
14057:
14002:North Macedonia
13944:
13925:
13882:
13868:
13864:Siberian Tatars
13819:
13804:Khorasani Turks
13784:
13711:
13680:
13657:
13644:
13606:
13527:Ottoman Turkish
13447:Karachay-Balkar
13346:
13337:
13335:
13333:
13303:
13298:
13297:
13272:
13240:
13215:
13178:
13149:
13092:
13066:
13043:
13027:
12993:
12986:Ottoman Turkish
12922:
12891:
12863:
12841:
12800:
12758:Fergana Kipchak
12745:
12714:Karachay-Balkar
12683:
12630:
12596:
12558:
12528:
12494:
12474:
12469:
12439:
12434:
12433:
12407:
12393:Mixed languages
12362:
12343:
12278:
12267:
12121:
12115:
11970:Katembri–Taruma
11844:
11833:
11805:
11719:
11612:
11425:
11414:
11385:
11234:
11146:
11105:Turama–Kikorian
11015:Lower Mamberamo
10970:East Strickland
10898:
10886:
10804:
10592:
10587:
10577:
10532:
10441:
10436:
10406:
10401:
10400:
10377:
10368:Paleo-Laplandic
10363:Pre-Finno-Ugric
10310:
10267:
10231:Greater Siangic
10217:
10203:Uralic–Yukaghir
10153:Ibero-Caucasian
10148:Elamo-Dravidian
10086:
10045:
9996:
9960:
9885:
9821:
9804:North Caucasian
9784:
9694:
9633:Paleo-Sardinian
9571:
9562:
9532:
9527:
9500:Proto-languages
9494:
9473:Early languages
9468:
9432:
9427:
9390:Wayback Machine
9375:Wayback Machine
9362:Turkic Database
9342:Wayback Machine
9320:Wayback Machine
9280:
9227:Wayback Machine
9201:
9196:
9179:Leiden: Brill.
9167:Wayback Machine
9105:Wayback Machine
9089:Wayback Machine
9012:
9005:Baskakov, N. A.
8999:
8993:
8984:
8982:Further reading
8979:
8978:
8968:
8966:
8931:
8927:
8917:
8915:
8864:
8860:
8850:
8848:
8847:on 13 July 2019
8844:
8833:
8827:
8823:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8792:
8786:
8779:
8774:
8767:
8736:
8732:
8679:
8675:
8670:
8666:
8656:
8654:
8647:
8631:
8627:
8617:
8615:
8608:
8592:
8588:
8582:Wayback Machine
8573:
8569:
8559:
8557:
8540:Nevskaya, I.A.
8538:
8534:
8524:
8522:
8503:
8499:
8489:
8487:
8470:Bitkeeva, A.N.
8468:
8464:
8454:
8452:
8439:
8438:
8434:
8424:
8422:
8409:
8408:
8404:
8394:
8392:
8375:Rassadin, V.I.
8373:
8369:
8363:Wayback Machine
8354:
8350:
8340:
8338:
8319:
8310:
8295:Baskakov, N. A.
8292:
8283:
8260:Baskakov, N. A.
8257:
8248:
8242:Wayback Machine
8233:
8229:
8223:Wayback Machine
8214:
8210:
8205:
8196:
8191:Wayback Machine
8182:
8178:
8168:
8166:
8157:
8156:
8145:
8135:Wayback Machine
8125:
8121:
8111:Wayback Machine
8101:
8097:
8088:
8084:
8074:
8072:
8071:on 19 July 2018
8065:
8056:
8052:
8015:Current Biology
8007:
8003:
7987:
7985:
7974:
7970:
7961:
7957:
7952:Wayback Machine
7942:
7935:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7905:
7901:
7895:Wayback Machine
7886:
7882:
7875:
7861:
7857:
7847:
7845:
7810:
7806:
7783:
7779:
7768:
7744:
7740:
7733:
7715:
7711:
7701:
7699:
7692:
7676:
7672:
7661:
7657:
7632:
7628:
7621:Wayback Machine
7609:
7605:
7595:
7593:
7586:
7570:
7566:
7522:(4): e1005068.
7508:
7504:
7460:(4): e1005068.
7446:
7442:
7435:
7419:
7415:
7410:
7406:
7401:
7394:
7389:
7385:
7346:
7342:
7319:
7315:
7305:
7303:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7236:
7227:
7217:
7215:
7208:
7187:
7183:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7149:
7130:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7103:
7098:
7094:
7089:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7071:
7067:
7063:Cyrillic: сүрэх
7062:
7058:
7054:Cyrillic: жүрөк
7053:
7049:
7045:Cyrillic: жүрек
7044:
7040:
7036:Cyrillic: йөрәк
7035:
7031:
7026:
7022:
7017:
7013:
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6991:Cyrillic: ҡәйнә
6990:
6986:
6981:
6977:
6972:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6954:
6950:
6946:Cyrillic: келин
6945:
6941:
6937:Cyrillic: келін
6936:
6932:
6928:Cyrillic: килен
6927:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6909:
6905:
6900:
6896:
6891:
6887:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6824:
6819:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6801:
6797:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6779:
6774:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6693:
6689:
6685:in orthography.
6666:
6662:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6603:
6599:
6594:
6590:
6585:
6581:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6550:
6537:
6533:
6528:
6524:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6460:
6452:Ugric languages
6444:
6419:
6416:
6366:
6361:
6341:
6225:Common meaning
6091:toksan, toxsan
6039:seksen, seksan
5718:igirmi, iyirmi
5168:
4791:
4684:*teŋri, *taŋrï
4544:topraq, toprax
3887:*otag, *gerekü
3829:
3557:
2702:
2277:
2188:Common meaning
2154:
2149:
1982:South Siberian
1962:North Siberian
1950:
1874:
1861:Fergana Kipchak
1849:
1848:Eastern Kipchak
1813:
1784:
1747:Karachay-Balkar
1722:
1610:Ottoman Turkish
1562:
1537:
1515:
1032:Suffix-final -G
1026:Intervocalic *d
1003:
997:
950:
931:Siberian Turkic
784:
737:Codex Cumanicus
732:of the family.
718:Kaşgarlı Mahmud
673:literary source
647:
622:
489:
484:
466:
377:
371:
369:Characteristics
279:Oghuz languages
221:Northwest China
193:Southern Europe
177:language family
165:
149:
135:
80:
74:
73:Native speakers
61:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
14711:
14701:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14668:
14667:
14659:
14656:
14655:
14653:
14652:
14647:
14642:
14640:Turkic Academy
14637:
14632:
14627:
14621:
14619:
14615:
14614:
14612:
14611:
14606:
14601:
14596:
14591:
14585:
14583:
14579:
14578:
14576:
14575:
14570:
14565:
14560:
14554:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14537:Khalwati order
14534:
14529:
14524:
14519:
14517:Bektashi Order
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14494:
14489:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14468:
14466:
14462:
14461:
14459:
14458:
14453:
14448:
14442:
14440:
14436:
14435:
14432:
14431:
14429:
14428:
14423:
14418:
14413:
14408:
14403:
14398:
14396:Karakalpakstan
14393:
14388:
14383:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14361:Altai Republic
14357:
14355:
14349:
14348:
14346:
14345:
14340:
14335:
14330:
14325:
14320:
14315:
14309:
14307:
14298:
14294:
14293:
14291:
14290:
14285:
14280:
14271:
14270:
14269:
14262:Nomadic empire
14259:
14258:
14257:
14252:
14247:
14237:
14232:
14227:
14221:
14219:
14215:
14214:
14212:
14211:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14170:
14168:
14164:
14163:
14160:
14159:
14157:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14085:
14083:
14076:
14075:
14070:
14064:
14063:
14062:
14049:
14044:
14039:
14038:
14037:
14030:Western Thrace
13936:
13935:
13934:
13918:
13913:
13912:
13911:
13875:
13874:
13873:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13836:
13831:
13826:
13825:
13824:
13811:
13806:
13801:
13796:
13791:
13790:
13789:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13754:Crimean Tatars
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13725:
13724:
13703:
13702:
13701:
13673:
13667:
13665:
13659:
13658:
13651:
13649:
13646:
13645:
13643:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13616:
13614:
13605:
13604:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13569:
13564:
13559:
13557:Siberian Tatar
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13534:
13529:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13378:
13377:
13372:
13362:
13356:
13354:
13348:
13347:
13332:
13331:
13324:
13317:
13309:
13300:
13299:
13296:
13295:
13288:
13278:
13277:
13274:
13273:
13271:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13254:
13252:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13238:
13231:
13223:
13221:
13217:
13216:
13214:
13213:
13206:
13200:
13198:
13192:
13191:
13188:
13187:
13184:
13183:
13180:
13179:
13177:
13176:
13169:
13161:
13159:
13151:
13150:
13148:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13136:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13118:Northern Altai
13115:
13110:
13104:
13102:
13098:
13097:
13094:
13093:
13091:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13074:
13072:
13068:
13067:
13065:
13064:
13058:
13056:
13049:
13042:
13041:
13035:
13033:
13029:
13028:
13026:
13025:
13020:
13014:
13012:
13005:
12999:
12998:
12995:
12994:
12992:
12991:
12990:
12989:
12982:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12954:
12953:
12946:
12941:
12930:
12928:
12924:
12923:
12921:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12899:
12897:
12893:
12892:
12890:
12889:
12888:
12887:
12877:
12871:
12869:
12862:
12861:
12855:
12853:
12847:
12846:
12843:
12842:
12840:
12839:
12838:
12837:
12832:Siberian Tatar
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12812:Dobrujan Tatar
12808:
12806:
12802:
12801:
12799:
12798:
12797:
12796:
12793:
12786:Siberian Tatar
12783:
12782:
12781:
12776:
12769:Southern Altai
12766:
12761:
12753:
12751:
12747:
12746:
12744:
12743:
12738:
12735:Mamluk-Kipchak
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12704:
12699:
12696:Armeno-Kipchak
12691:
12689:
12685:
12684:
12682:
12681:
12680:
12679:
12672:
12667:
12657:
12651:
12649:
12642:
12636:
12635:
12632:
12631:
12629:
12628:
12621:
12614:
12606:
12604:
12598:
12597:
12595:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12583:
12582:
12577:
12566:
12564:
12560:
12559:
12557:
12556:
12554:Southern Uzbek
12551:
12549:Northern Uzbek
12545:
12543:
12536:
12530:
12529:
12527:
12526:
12521:
12513:
12511:
12502:
12496:
12495:
12493:
12492:
12484:
12482:
12480:Proto-language
12476:
12475:
12468:
12467:
12460:
12453:
12445:
12436:
12435:
12432:
12431:
12424:
12417:
12413:
12412:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12400:
12395:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12374:
12372:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12363:
12361:
12360:
12351:
12349:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12341:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12318:Indo-Pakistani
12315:
12310:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12287:
12281:
12273:
12272:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12201:
12196:
12189:
12184:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12125:
12123:
12117:
12116:
12114:
12113:
12107:
12101:
12095:
12089:
12083:
12077:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12019:
12017:Piaroa–Saliban
12014:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11930:
11925:
11918:
11913:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11876:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11853:
11847:
11839:
11838:
11835:
11834:
11832:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11813:
11811:
11807:
11806:
11804:
11803:
11796:
11789:
11784:
11782:Tequistlatecan
11779:
11772:
11767:
11762:
11755:
11748:
11743:
11737:
11731:
11725:
11724:
11721:
11720:
11718:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11695:
11690:
11683:
11676:
11669:
11662:
11655:
11650:
11645:
11640:
11635:
11628:
11620:
11618:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11605:
11598:
11591:
11586:
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11537:
11530:
11523:
11518:
11511:
11506:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11482:
11475:
11468:
11461:
11454:
11449:
11442:
11434:
11428:
11420:
11419:
11416:
11415:
11413:
11412:
11407:
11401:
11393:
11391:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11383:
11373:
11368:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11340:
11333:
11328:
11321:
11314:
11309:
11305:Marrku–Wurrugu
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11279:
11272:
11264:
11259:
11252:
11246:
11240:
11239:
11236:
11235:
11233:
11232:
11227:
11219:
11213:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11171:
11165:
11160:
11154:
11152:
11148:
11147:
11145:
11144:
11138:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11095:
11090:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11002:
10997:
10992:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10915:
10909:
10903:
10892:
10891:
10888:
10887:
10885:
10884:
10876:
10869:
10863:
10858:
10850:
10845:
10837:
10830:
10823:
10818:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10802:
10796:
10790:
10784:
10778:
10772:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10749:
10742:
10735:
10730:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10667:
10664:Hurro-Urartian
10660:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10636:
10631:
10624:
10617:
10612:
10604:
10598:
10583:
10582:
10579:
10578:
10576:
10575:
10569:
10563:
10558:
10551:
10546:
10540:
10538:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10530:
10524:
10518:
10512:
10506:
10500:
10495:
10487:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10463:
10455:
10449:
10443:
10442:
10435:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10412:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10398:
10391:
10383:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10324:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10277:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10244:
10243:
10238:
10227:
10225:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10198:Uralo-Siberian
10195:
10190:
10185:
10183:Serbi–Mongolic
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10143:Dravido-Korean
10140:
10138:Dené–Yeniseian
10135:
10134:
10133:
10128:
10126:Dené–Caucasian
10123:
10113:
10108:
10102:
10096:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10071:
10064:
10056:
10054:
10047:
10046:
10044:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10017:
10015:
10004:
9998:
9997:
9995:
9994:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9971:
9969:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9931:
9924:
9917:
9910:
9903:
9895:
9893:
9887:
9886:
9884:
9883:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9853:
9846:
9839:
9831:
9829:
9823:
9822:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9812:
9800:
9794:
9792:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9782:
9775:
9768:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9744:Hurro-Urartian
9740:
9733:
9726:
9719:
9712:
9704:
9702:
9696:
9695:
9693:
9692:
9685:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9650:
9643:
9636:
9629:
9626:Paleo-Corsican
9622:
9615:
9608:
9603:
9596:
9589:
9581:
9579:
9573:
9572:
9561:
9560:
9553:
9546:
9538:
9529:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9520:
9518:Proto-Mongolic
9515:
9510:
9504:
9502:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9476:
9474:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9440:
9438:
9434:
9433:
9426:
9425:
9418:
9411:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9365:
9359:
9349:
9332:
9323:
9310:
9302:
9293:
9288:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9243:
9234:
9229:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9200:
9199:External links
9197:
9195:
9194:
9187:
9170:
9152:
9145:
9131:
9124:
9114:
9107:
9091:
9079:
9064:
9061:
9058:
9043:
9036:
9029:
9015:
9007:(1962, 1969).
9002:
8996:
8989:Akhatov G. Kh.
8985:
8983:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8925:
8878:(2): 361–369.
8858:
8821:
8777:
8765:
8730:
8693:(1): 135–154.
8673:
8664:
8646:978-3447038645
8645:
8625:
8607:978-0080877754
8606:
8586:
8567:
8532:
8497:
8462:
8432:
8402:
8367:
8348:
8333:(in Russian).
8308:
8281:
8246:
8227:
8208:
8194:
8176:
8143:
8119:
8095:
8082:
8050:
8001:
7968:
7955:
7933:
7919:
7899:
7880:
7873:
7855:
7824:(4): 287–310.
7804:
7777:
7766:
7738:
7731:
7709:
7690:
7670:
7655:
7644:(1/2): 36–59.
7626:
7603:
7584:
7564:
7502:
7440:
7433:
7413:
7404:
7392:
7383:
7340:
7313:
7283:
7276:
7258:
7251:
7241:(March 2002).
7225:
7206:
7190:Janhunen, Juha
7181:
7147:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:Cyrillic: хаан
7101:
7092:
7083:
7074:
7072:Cyrillic: чӗре
7065:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7020:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6984:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6912:
6910:Cyrillic: киһи
6903:
6894:
6892:Cyrillic: киши
6885:
6883:Cyrillic: кісі
6876:
6874:Cyrillic: кеше
6867:
6858:
6856:Cyrillic: кыыс
6849:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6777:
6768:
6759:
6750:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6714:
6705:
6696:
6687:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6606:
6597:
6588:
6579:
6567:
6558:
6548:
6531:
6522:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6459:
6456:
6443:
6440:
6424:Turkic peoples
6414:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6340:
6337:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6144:jiz, juz, jüz
6142:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5642:tăxxăr, tăxăr
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5589:sakkăr, sakăr
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4909:semiz, şişman
4907:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4687:teŋri, burqan
4685:
4682:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4517:ground, earth
4514:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3923:chodir; oʻtoq
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:čač, sač, qɨl
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:*s(i)ač, *kïl
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2650:mother-in-law
2647:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2551:kiši, yalaŋuq
2549:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:ata, apa, qaŋ
2284:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2062:Southern Altai
2059:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:Northern Altai
2038:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1960:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1840:Siberian Tatar
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1820:Dobrujan Tatar
1815:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:Sonqori Turkic
1681:
1679:Afshari Turkic
1676:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1005:The following
1002:
999:
949:
948:
947:
946:
941:
940:
939:
934:
933:(Northeastern)
928:
927:(Southeastern)
922:
921:(Northwestern)
919:Kipchak Turkic
916:
915:(Southwestern)
899:
783:
780:
751:, used by the
646:
643:
493:Turkic peoples
488:
485:
478:Turkic peoples
465:
462:
415:, and lack of
370:
367:
189:Eastern Europe
181:Turkic peoples
167:
166:
163:
155:
154:
147:
141:
140:
133:
127:
126:
125:
124:
119:
112:
108:
107:
102:
101:Proto-language
98:
97:
91:
85:
84:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
54:Turkic peoples
51:
47:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14710:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14680:
14678:
14664:
14657:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14636:
14633:
14631:
14628:
14626:
14623:
14622:
14620:
14618:Organizations
14616:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14602:
14600:
14597:
14595:
14592:
14590:
14587:
14586:
14584:
14580:
14574:
14573:Vattisen Yaly
14571:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14533:
14530:
14528:
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14469:
14467:
14463:
14457:
14454:
14452:
14449:
14447:
14444:
14443:
14441:
14437:
14427:
14424:
14422:
14419:
14417:
14414:
14412:
14409:
14407:
14404:
14402:
14399:
14397:
14394:
14392:
14389:
14387:
14384:
14382:
14379:
14377:
14374:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14366:Bashkortostan
14364:
14362:
14359:
14358:
14356:
14354:
14350:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14329:
14326:
14324:
14321:
14319:
14316:
14314:
14311:
14310:
14308:
14306:
14302:
14299:
14295:
14289:
14286:
14284:
14281:
14279:
14275:
14272:
14268:
14265:
14264:
14263:
14260:
14256:
14255:Turkification
14253:
14251:
14248:
14246:
14243:
14242:
14241:
14238:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14228:
14226:
14223:
14222:
14220:
14216:
14209:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14171:
14169:
14165:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14086:
14084:
14080:
14074:
14071:
14068:
14065:
14060:
14055:
14054:
14053:
14050:
14048:
14045:
14043:
14040:
14035:
14031:
14027:
14023:
14019:
14015:
14011:
14007:
14003:
13999:
13995:
13991:
13987:
13983:
13979:
13975:
13971:
13967:
13963:
13959:
13955:
13951:
13947:
13942:
13941:
13940:
13937:
13932:
13928:
13924:
13923:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13909:
13905:
13901:
13897:
13893:
13889:
13885:
13881:
13880:
13879:
13876:
13871:
13870:Baraba Tatars
13867:
13866:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13816:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13781:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13722:
13718:
13714:
13709:
13708:
13707:
13704:
13699:
13695:
13691:
13687:
13683:
13679:
13678:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13668:
13666:
13664:
13660:
13655:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13625:Common Turkic
13623:
13621:
13618:
13617:
13615:
13613:
13609:
13603:
13602:Western Yugur
13600:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13417:Crimean Tatar
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13367:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13357:
13355:
13353:
13349:
13344:
13330:
13325:
13323:
13318:
13316:
13311:
13310:
13307:
13293:
13289:
13287:
13283:
13280:
13279:
13275:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13255:
13253:
13251:
13247:
13243:
13237:
13236:
13232:
13230:
13229:
13225:
13224:
13222:
13218:
13212:
13211:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13201:
13199:
13197:
13193:
13175:
13174:
13173:Orkhon Turkic
13170:
13168:
13167:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13158:
13157:
13152:
13146:
13145:Western Yugur
13143:
13141:
13138:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13120:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13099:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13075:
13073:
13069:
13063:
13060:
13059:
13057:
13053:
13050:
13046:
13040:
13037:
13036:
13034:
13030:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13015:
13013:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13000:
12988:
12987:
12983:
12981:
12980:
12976:
12975:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12958:Balkan Gagauz
12956:
12952:
12951:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12936:
12935:
12932:
12931:
12929:
12925:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12900:
12898:
12894:
12886:
12883:
12882:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12872:
12870:
12866:
12860:
12857:
12856:
12854:
12852:
12848:
12835:
12834:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12809:
12807:
12803:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12788:
12787:
12784:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12771:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12759:
12755:
12754:
12752:
12748:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12736:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12709:
12705:
12703:
12702:Crimean Tatar
12700:
12698:
12697:
12693:
12692:
12690:
12686:
12678:
12677:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12637:
12627:
12626:
12622:
12620:
12619:
12615:
12613:
12612:
12608:
12607:
12605:
12603:
12599:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12572:
12571:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12561:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12531:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12519:
12515:
12514:
12512:
12510:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12500:Common Turkic
12497:
12491:
12490:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12481:
12477:
12473:
12466:
12461:
12459:
12454:
12452:
12447:
12446:
12443:
12429:
12425:
12422:
12418:
12415:
12414:
12410:
12404:
12401:
12399:
12396:
12394:
12391:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12379:
12376:
12375:
12373:
12369:
12359:
12358:
12353:
12352:
12350:
12346:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12328:Original Thai
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12308:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12288:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12274:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12206:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12194:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12130:
12127:
12126:
12124:
12118:
12111:
12108:
12105:
12102:
12099:
12096:
12093:
12092:Hibito–Cholón
12090:
12087:
12084:
12081:
12078:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12044:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12012:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11960:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11923:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11911:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11874:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11854:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11840:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11819:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11808:
11802:
11801:
11797:
11795:
11794:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11777:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11761:
11760:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11738:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11726:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11700:
11696:
11694:
11691:
11689:
11688:
11684:
11682:
11681:
11677:
11675:
11674:
11670:
11668:
11667:
11663:
11661:
11660:
11656:
11654:
11651:
11649:
11646:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11633:
11629:
11627:
11626:
11622:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11608:Yuman–Cochimí
11606:
11604:
11603:
11599:
11597:
11596:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11584:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11557:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11535:
11531:
11529:
11528:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11516:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11504:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11487:
11483:
11481:
11480:
11476:
11474:
11473:
11469:
11467:
11466:
11462:
11460:
11459:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11447:
11443:
11441:
11440:
11436:
11435:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11421:
11411:
11408:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11399:
11395:
11394:
11392:
11388:
11381:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11344:
11343:Southern Daly
11341:
11339:
11338:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11326:
11322:
11320:
11319:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11307:
11306:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11284:
11280:
11278:
11277:
11273:
11270:
11269:
11268:Darwin Region
11265:
11263:
11260:
11257:
11254:
11253:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11241:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11217:
11214:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11175:
11172:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11155:
11153:
11149:
11142:
11139:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11100:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11088:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11066:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11027:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10950:Demta–Sentani
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10920:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10897:
10893:
10883:
10881:
10877:
10875:
10874:
10870:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10855:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10842:
10838:
10836:
10835:
10831:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10813:
10811:
10807:
10800:
10797:
10794:
10791:
10788:
10785:
10782:
10779:
10776:
10773:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10750:
10748:
10747:
10743:
10741:
10740:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10728:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10711:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10694:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10672:
10671:Indo-European
10668:
10666:
10665:
10661:
10659:
10658:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10641:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10629:
10625:
10623:
10622:
10621:Austroasiatic
10618:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10610:
10606:
10605:
10602:
10599:
10596:
10591:
10584:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10556:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10535:
10528:
10525:
10522:
10519:
10516:
10513:
10510:
10507:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10492:
10488:
10486:
10485:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10464:
10462:
10461:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10440:
10433:
10428:
10426:
10421:
10419:
10414:
10413:
10410:
10396:
10392:
10389:
10385:
10384:
10380:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10321:
10317:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10270:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10224:
10220:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10208:Eskimo–Uralic
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10093:
10083:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10072:
10070:
10069:
10065:
10063:
10062:
10058:
10057:
10055:
10053:
10048:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10012:Paleosiberian
10008:
10005:
10003:
9999:
9993:
9992:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9936:
9932:
9930:
9929:
9925:
9923:
9922:
9918:
9916:
9915:
9911:
9909:
9908:
9907:Austroasiatic
9904:
9902:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9888:
9881:
9880:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9857:Austroasiatic
9854:
9852:
9851:
9847:
9845:
9844:
9840:
9838:
9837:
9836:Indo-European
9833:
9832:
9830:
9828:
9824:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9805:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9787:
9781:
9780:
9776:
9774:
9773:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9762:
9760:
9759:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9741:
9739:
9738:
9734:
9732:
9731:
9727:
9725:
9724:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9709:Indo-European
9706:
9705:
9703:
9701:
9697:
9691:
9690:
9686:
9684:
9683:
9679:
9677:
9676:
9672:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9663:
9662:
9658:
9656:
9655:
9651:
9649:
9648:
9644:
9642:
9641:
9637:
9635:
9634:
9630:
9628:
9627:
9623:
9621:
9620:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9601:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9590:
9588:
9587:
9586:Indo-European
9583:
9582:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9559:
9554:
9552:
9547:
9545:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9524:
9523:Proto-Japonic
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9505:
9503:
9501:
9497:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9471:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9431:
9424:
9419:
9417:
9412:
9410:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9384:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9369:
9366:
9363:
9360:
9357:
9353:
9350:
9347:
9343:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9317:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9283:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9250:Lars Johanson
9247:
9244:
9242:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9224:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9192:
9188:
9186:
9185:90-04-13153-1
9182:
9178:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9164:
9161:
9157:
9153:
9150:
9146:
9144:
9140:
9136:
9132:
9129:
9125:
9123:
9122:0-415-14198-2
9119:
9115:
9112:
9108:
9106:
9102:
9099:
9096:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9083:
9080:
9077:
9073:
9069:
9065:
9062:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9048:
9044:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9030:
9028:
9027:3-447-05212-0
9024:
9020:
9016:
9010:
9006:
9003:
8997:
8990:
8987:
8986:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8929:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8862:
8843:
8839:
8832:
8825:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8791:
8784:
8782:
8772:
8770:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8734:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8677:
8668:
8652:
8648:
8642:
8638:
8637:
8629:
8613:
8609:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8590:
8583:
8579:
8576:
8571:
8555:
8551:
8547:
8543:
8536:
8520:
8516:
8512:
8508:
8501:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8466:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8436:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8406:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8371:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8352:
8336:
8332:
8330:
8324:
8317:
8315:
8313:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8290:
8288:
8286:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8266:(in French).
8265:
8261:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8243:
8239:
8236:
8231:
8224:
8220:
8217:
8212:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8192:
8188:
8185:
8180:
8164:
8160:
8159:"turcologica"
8154:
8152:
8150:
8148:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8129:
8123:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8105:
8099:
8092:
8086:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8054:
8046:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8005:
7997:
7983:
7979:
7972:
7965:
7959:
7953:
7949:
7946:
7940:
7938:
7922:
7920:91-86884-10-7
7916:
7912:
7911:
7903:
7896:
7892:
7889:
7884:
7876:
7870:
7866:
7859:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7781:
7774:
7769:
7767:9781003243809
7763:
7759:
7755:
7752:. Routledge.
7751:
7750:
7742:
7734:
7728:
7723:
7722:
7713:
7697:
7693:
7691:9781136825279
7687:
7684:. Routledge.
7683:
7682:
7674:
7667:
7664:
7659:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7638:
7630:
7623:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7607:
7591:
7587:
7585:9781134828692
7581:
7577:
7576:
7568:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7516:PLOS Genetics
7513:
7506:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7454:PLOS Genetics
7451:
7444:
7436:
7434:9780262692816
7430:
7426:
7425:
7417:
7408:
7399:
7397:
7387:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7336:
7332:
7329:(1): 71–132.
7328:
7324:
7317:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7279:
7277:9781402012983
7273:
7269:
7262:
7254:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7213:
7209:
7207:9789027205995
7203:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7185:
7166:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7128:
7126:
7121:
7105:
7099:Cyrillic: қан
7096:
7090:Cyrillic: ҡан
7087:
7081:Cyrillic: кан
7078:
7069:
7060:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7024:
7018:UEY: قەيىنانا
7015:
7006:
6997:
6988:
6979:
6973:Cyrillic: кин
6970:
6961:
6952:
6943:
6934:
6925:
6919:Cyrillic: ҫын
6916:
6907:
6898:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6865:Cyrillic: хӗр
6862:
6853:
6844:
6838:Cyrillic: қыз
6835:
6829:Cyrillic: ҡыҙ
6826:
6820:Cyrillic: кыз
6817:
6808:
6799:
6790:
6781:
6772:
6763:
6754:
6745:
6739:Cyrillic: уол
6736:
6727:
6721:Cyrillic: уул
6718:
6709:
6700:
6691:
6681:
6674:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6619:
6613:Cyrillic: аҕа
6610:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6576:
6571:
6562:
6552:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6526:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6060:sakăr vun(ă)
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4850:*yaŋï, *yeŋi
4849:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4737:*teŋri, *kȫk
4736:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:*tepö, *töpö
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4361:*güneĺ, *gün
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:chadir; otaq
3925:
3922:
3919:
3917:shatyr; otau
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:otaɣ, kerekü
3898:
3895:
3892:
3890:otaɣ, kerekü
3889:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3619:ingek, tabar
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:murun, munnu
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:üriak, jürek
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2091:Orkhon Turkic
2089:
2087:
2086:Western Yugur
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2001:Soyot-Tsaatan
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1985:Sayan Turkic
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1812:South Kipchak
1810:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1783:North Kipchak
1781:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:Crimean Tatar
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:West Kipchak
1734:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1556:Common Turkic
1552:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:Lars Johanson
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:Western Yugur
1136:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1008:
998:
991:
987:
985:
984:sound changes
981:
976:
972:
970:
966:
961:
959:
958:Common Turkic
955:
945:
942:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:Karluk Turkic
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
910:
909:
908:Common Turkic
906:
905:
904:
901:
900:
898:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:Mediterranean
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
779:
777:
773:
772:Volga Bulgars
769:
765:
761:
757:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
704:Orkhon Valley
701:
697:
693:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:Orkhon script
666:
663:, written in
662:
658:
657:
651:
642:
640:
636:
628:
617:
613:
610:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Proto-Mongols
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Juha Janhunen
514:
510:
509:South Siberia
506:
502:
498:
494:
483:
479:
475:
471:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
438:
434:
433:vowel harmony
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:postpositions
410:
406:
405:agglutination
402:
398:
394:
393:vowel harmony
390:
381:
376:
366:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
323:Common Turkic
320:
316:
312:
311:Crimean Tatar
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:agglutination
260:
259:vowel harmony
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
161:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
123:
120:
118:
117:Common Turkic
115:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
90:
86:
76:
70:
67:
64:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
25:
23:
14552:Qalandariyya
14527:Christianity
14338:Turkmenistan
14276: /
14267:Turco-Mongol
13706:Azerbaijanis
13351:
13281:
13234:
13227:
13209:
13172:
13165:
13154:
12985:
12978:
12949:
12836:Tobol-Irtysh
12757:
12734:
12707:
12695:
12675:
12670:Mishar Tatar
12624:
12617:
12610:
12601:
12517:
12489:Proto-Turkic
12488:
12471:
12427:
12420:
12419:Families in
12354:
12305:
12203:
12191:
12041:
12009:
12000:Pano-Tacanan
11957:
11920:
11908:
11879:Arutani–Sape
11871:
11816:
11798:
11791:
11776:Oto-Manguean
11774:
11757:
11750:
11697:
11685:
11678:
11671:
11664:
11657:
11630:
11623:
11600:
11593:
11581:
11554:
11532:
11525:
11513:
11501:
11484:
11477:
11470:
11463:
11456:
11444:
11437:
11396:
11363:
11359:Western Daly
11337:Pama–Nyungan
11335:
11323:
11316:
11303:
11281:
11276:Eastern Daly
11274:
11266:
11221:
11097:
11085:
11063:
11046:
11024:
10995:Kaure–Kosare
10955:Doso–Turumsa
10945:Chimbu–Wahgi
10935:Bulaka River
10919:Austronesian
10917:
10878:
10871:
10852:
10839:
10832:
10825:
10751:
10744:
10738:
10737:
10727:Sino-Tibetan
10725:
10708:
10691:
10669:
10662:
10655:
10638:
10628:Austronesian
10626:
10619:
10607:
10553:
10491:Nilo-Saharan
10489:
10482:
10467:Austronesian
10465:
10458:
10394:
10387:
10386:Families in
10343:Pre-Goidelic
10338:Pre-Germanic
10168:Indo-Semitic
10163:Indo-Pacific
10158:Indo-Hittite
10073:
10067:
10066:
10059:
9989:
9966:Indian Ocean
9934:
9933:
9928:Austronesian
9926:
9919:
9912:
9905:
9900:Sino-Tibetan
9898:
9877:
9855:
9850:Sino-Tibetan
9848:
9841:
9834:
9802:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9722:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9666:
9659:
9654:North Picene
9652:
9645:
9638:
9631:
9624:
9617:
9610:
9599:
9598:
9591:
9584:
9513:Proto-Turkic
9508:Proto-Altaic
9490:Old Japanese
9443:
9308:Open Project
9307:
9270:
9190:
9176:
9155:
9148:
9130:. Petrograd.
9127:
9110:
9094:
9067:
9050:
9046:
9039:
9032:
9018:
9013:(in Russian)
9008:
9000:(in Russian)
8994:(in Russian)
8967:. Retrieved
8945:(1): 79–86.
8942:
8938:
8928:
8916:. Retrieved
8892:10371/164838
8875:
8871:
8861:
8849:. Retrieved
8842:the original
8837:
8824:
8812:. Retrieved
8800:
8796:
8743:
8739:
8733:
8708:10138/355895
8690:
8686:
8676:
8667:
8655:. Retrieved
8635:
8628:
8616:. Retrieved
8596:
8589:
8570:
8558:. Retrieved
8545:
8535:
8523:. Retrieved
8510:
8500:
8488:. Retrieved
8475:
8465:
8453:. Retrieved
8435:
8423:. Retrieved
8405:
8393:. Retrieved
8380:
8370:
8351:
8339:. Retrieved
8326:
8302:
8298:
8267:
8263:
8230:
8211:
8179:
8167:. Retrieved
8138:
8122:
8114:
8098:
8090:
8085:
8073:. Retrieved
8069:the original
8053:
8018:
8014:
8004:
7995:
7986:. Retrieved
7971:
7958:
7924:. Retrieved
7909:
7902:
7883:
7864:
7858:
7846:. Retrieved
7821:
7817:
7807:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7780:
7771:
7748:
7741:
7720:
7712:
7700:. Retrieved
7680:
7673:
7662:
7658:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7611:
7606:
7594:. Retrieved
7574:
7567:
7559:
7519:
7515:
7505:
7497:
7457:
7453:
7443:
7423:
7416:
7407:
7386:
7356:(1): 65–98.
7353:
7349:
7343:
7326:
7322:
7316:
7304:. Retrieved
7300:the original
7286:
7267:
7261:
7242:
7216:. Retrieved
7197:
7184:
7172:. Retrieved
7165:the original
7150:
7133:
7104:
7095:
7086:
7077:
7068:
7059:
7050:
7041:
7032:
7023:
7014:
7005:
6996:
6987:
6978:
6969:
6960:
6951:
6942:
6933:
6924:
6915:
6906:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6843:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6802:Cyrillic: эр
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6762:
6757:Cyrillic: ир
6753:
6744:
6735:
6726:
6717:
6712:Cyrillic: ұл
6708:
6703:Cyrillic: ул
6699:
6690:
6663:
6654:
6645:
6636:
6627:
6618:
6609:
6600:
6591:
6582:
6570:
6561:
6551:
6534:
6525:
6513:
6445:
6421:
6410:
6406:
6367:
6342:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6229:Proto-Turkic
5871:ǝlli (älli)
5830:qırq (qïrq)
5827:kyrk (kïrk)
5824:ġèrḫ (ɢərx)
5774:otuz (otuð)
5474:olti (ålti)
5456:alty (altï)
5165:
5050:ürüñ (үрүҥ)
4788:
4667:
4400:quyash, kün
4397:quyosh, kun
3905:çadyr; otag
3896:çadır; otaq
3893:çadır, otağ
3826:
3669:*ït, *köpek
3652:sigir, inak
3625:inək, sığır
3554:
3354:
3280:pürne/porńa
2909:battax, kıl
2699:
2442:*ēr, *érkek
2275:Relationship
2274:
2192:Proto-Turkic
2177:
2173:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2113:
2066:Altai proper
1953:
1916:Äynu (Abdal)
1900:East Karluk
1886:West Karluk
1877:
1725:
1697:
1663:South Oghuz
1565:
1551:Proto-Turkic
1538:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1456:
1453:suffix *-lïɣ
1452:
1390:
1386:
1324:
1320:
1258:
1254:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1146:Fu-yü Gyrgys
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1004:
996:
977:
973:
968:
964:
962:
954:Oghur Turkic
951:
944:Oghur Turkic
937:Arghu Turkic
913:Oghuz Turkic
902:
896:
892:
873:
862:
818:Central Asia
807:
791:Yuan dynasty
756:missionaries
734:
725:
711:
707:
689:
654:
639:Proto-Turkic
632:
627:Töv Province
580:
568:
556:Turco-Mongol
541:
521:Roger Blench
490:
457:
421:noun classes
407:by means of
403:, extensive
386:
327:
256:
237:
225:Proto-Turkic
197:Central Asia
172:
170:
111:Subdivisions
105:Proto-Turkic
83: (2020)
62:distribution
39:
21:
14542:Malamatiyya
14194:Pan-Turkism
14174:Grey Wolves
14139:Oghuz Turks
14059:Afghanistan
13844:Qarai Turks
13774:Karakalpaks
13542:Sakha/Yakut
13432:Fuyü Gïrgïs
13387:Azerbaijani
13108:Fuyu Kyrgyz
12950:Ajem-Turkic
12934:Azerbaijani
12313:Germanosign
12217:Mura-Pirahã
12098:Lule–Vilela
12074:Bora-Witoto
12049:Uru–Chipaya
12022:Ticuna–Yuri
12005:Peba–Yaguan
11990:Nambikwaran
11793:Uto-Aztecan
11729:Mesoamerica
11583:Uto-Aztecan
11572:Tsimshianic
11534:Palaihnihan
11404:Malak-Malak
11141:Papuan Gulf
11115:West Papuan
11020:Lower Sepik
11010:Lakes Plain
10913:Arai–Samaia
10901:the Pacific
10609:Afroasiatic
10484:Niger–Congo
10460:Afroasiatic
10193:Ural-Altaic
10173:Indo-Uralic
9985:Sentinelese
9716:Afroasiatic
9682:Eteocypriot
9296:Pauctle.com
9265:‹ The
9055:L'Harmattan
8365:– Glottolog
8244:– Glottolog
8225:– Glottolog
7848:28 November
7702:22 November
6673:nasal glide
6380:as well as
6299:Sakha/Yakut
6244:Azerbaijani
6209:ming (miŋ)
5877:älli, ẹlli
5106:hura, hora
5008:*āk, *ürüŋ
4782:kăvak/koak
4740:kök, teŋri
4605:döbö, töbö
4406:hĕvel, kun
4388:qoyaş, kön
4382:qoyaş, kön
4373:kün, qujaš
4370:günəş, gün
4367:güneş, gün
4254:ship, boat
4204:*sub, *sïb
3835:*eb, *bark
3827:Other nouns
3820:pıytă/puťă
3486:oyoq, adoq
3341:*dīŕ, *dǖŕ
3285:fingernail
2962:xarax, kös
2897:shash, qyl
2679:qaıyn ene
2671:qayın ana
2475:er, erkek
2472:er, erkek
2469:ir, irkäk
2401:oɣul, ohul
2310:ata, atay
2304:ata, atay
2283:*ata, *kaŋ
2262:Sakha/Yakut
2207:Azerbaijani
2031:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1644:East Oghuz
1636:Azerbaijani
1594:Ajem-Turkic
1588:West Oghuz
1457:mountainous
1167:Sakha/Yakut
1085:Azerbaijani
969:East Turkic
965:West Turkic
812:during the
544:Proto-Turks
487:Pre-history
358:Ural-Altaic
346:Talât Tekin
287:Azerbaijani
14677:Categories
14522:Burkhanism
14487:Aiyy Faith
14406:Nakhchivan
14343:Uzbekistan
14323:Kyrgyzstan
14318:Kazakhstan
14313:Azerbaijan
14184:Burkhanism
14010:Montenegro
13974:Dodecanese
13635:Old Uyghur
13620:Old Turkic
13522:Old Turkic
13457:Karakalpak
13166:Old Uyghur
12968:Karapapakh
12817:Karakalpak
12625:Karakhanid
12618:Khorezmian
12307:Francosign
12155:Chiquitano
12135:Alacalufan
11943:Guaicuruan
11916:Chapacuran
11899:Cahuapanan
11867:Araucanian
11770:Mixe–Zoque
11765:Misumalpan
11479:Comecrudan
11331:Nyulnyulan
11110:Upper Yuat
11087:Torricelli
11059:Senu River
10990:Foja Range
10896:New Guinea
10821:Burushaski
10682:Kartvelian
10657:Hmong–Mien
10473:Khoe–Kwadi
10333:Pre-Celtic
10301:East Asian
10291:Austro-Tai
10281:Andamanese
10131:Eurasiatic
10052:North Asia
10002:North Asia
9914:Hmong–Mien
9868:Burushaski
9827:South Asia
9798:Kartvelian
9765:Philistine
9675:Eteocretan
9619:Tartessian
9485:Old Korean
9480:Old Turkic
9053:". Paris:
9011:. Moscow.
8575:Coene 2009
8441:"Kumandin"
8021:(1): 1–9.
7996:Ethnologue
7964:Lir-Turkic
7116:References
6955:UEY: كەلىن
6730:UEY: ئوغۇل
6680:oral glide
6544:cryptolect
6489:Old Turkic
6390:Old Korean
6382:morphology
6353:sprachbund
6249:Karakhanid
6234:Old Turkic
6191:müň (müŋ)
6109:toɣus uon
6068:*dokuŕ ōn
6015:*sekiŕ ōn
6004:sette uon
5851:tüört uon
5348:derd/dörd
4789:Adjectives
4729:tură/toră
4622:tree/wood
3702:it, köbök
3675:it, köpek
3483:but, ayaq
2944:kioź, goz
2906:sach, qil
2903:soch, qil
2723:iräg/üräg
2700:Body parts
2688:qeyinana
2668:gaýyn ene
2487:ar/arśın
2434:ıvăl, ul
2372:ona, acha
2369:ene, ana
2357:ana, äni
2342:ana, anne
2336:*ana, *ög
2292:baba, ata
2289:baba, ata
2212:Karakhanid
2197:Old Turkic
2099:Old Uyghur
1951:(Siberian)
1937:Karakhanid
1830:Karakalpak
1064:Old Turkic
1007:isoglosses
726:Compendium
700:Old Turkic
675:for early
629:, Mongolia
609:Old Turkic
474:Old Turkic
468:See also:
373:See also:
205:North Asia
60:Geographic
14568:Zahediyeh
14563:Safaviyya
14512:Bayramiye
14507:Batiniyya
14482:Shamanism
14465:Religions
14456:Turkology
14416:Tatarstan
14401:Khakassia
14371:Chuvashia
14297:Locations
14274:Tian Shan
14250:Migration
14225:Turkestan
14208:Hungarian
14199:Turkesism
13896:Kryashens
13884:Astrakhan
13809:Krymchaks
13769:Karachays
13690:Telengits
13686:Kumandins
13612:Alphabets
13442:Ili Turki
13352:Languages
13292:varieties
13284:indicate
13268:Qoqmončaq
12676:Old Tatar
12587:Ili Turki
12338:Tanzanian
12279:languages
12176:Hodï/Joti
12120:Isolates
12059:Yanomaman
11995:Otomákoan
11959:Jirajaran
11948:Guajiboan
11910:Catacaoan
11889:Barbacoan
11818:Cuitlatec
11787:Totonacan
11746:Jicaquean
11625:Chimariko
11521:Muskogean
11503:Kalapuyan
11497:Iroquoian
11472:Chumashan
11465:Chinookan
11458:Chimakuan
11376:Yangmanic
11371:Worrorran
11354:Wagaydyic
11244:Australia
11093:Trans-Fly
10759:Yeniseian
10746:Tyrsenian
10640:Dravidian
10358:Pre-Vedic
10348:Pre-Greek
10320:Substrata
10223:Arunachal
10121:Nostratic
10106:Alarodian
10041:Yeniseian
9891:East Asia
9843:Dravidian
9700:West Asia
9668:Tyrsenian
8959:1609-8498
8908:151445857
8900:2331-4826
8752:0008-9192
8725:256126714
8717:2333-9683
8356:Ili Turki
8276:0001-6446
7830:0008-9192
7538:1553-7390
7476:1553-7390
7378:144613877
6901:UEY: كىشى
6658:UEY: ئانا
6604:UEY: ئاتا
6378:phonology
6215:tïhïïnča
6197:min, bin
6185:miŋ, men
6071:toquz on
6057:aɣïs uon
6018:säkiz on
5986:yetmiš/s
5965:yētmiš/s
5951:alta uon
5703:*yẹgirmi
5424:besh/beş
5421:besh/beş
5198:bir, bɨr
5011:āq, ürüŋ
3841:ev, bark
3838:eb, barq
3450:*(h)adak
3330:tıngıraq
2912:śüś, hul
2900:çaç, qıl
2894:säs, qıl
2888:çäç, qıl
2885:saç, gyl
2879:sač, qɨl
2876:saç, qıl
2873:saç, kıl
2870:sač, qïl
2682:qaynene
2451:ər/erkək
2351:ana/nänä
2348:ana, ene
2298:bowa/ata
2295:apa, ata
2141:(extinct)
2133:(extinct)
2102:(extinct)
2094:(extinct)
1940:(extinct)
1932:(extinct)
1924:(extinct)
1911:Ili Turki
1864:(extinct)
1804:(extinct)
1801:Old Tatar
1775:(extinct)
1723:(Kipchak)
1621:(extinct)
1605:(extinct)
1597:(extinct)
1505:χayalaaχ
1059:isogloss
1015:Rhotacism
854:Hungarian
850:Mongolian
838:Ukrainian
808:With the
684:mythology
667:with the
656:Irk Bitig
635:loanwords
614:with the
505:Manchuria
213:West Asia
201:East Asia
145:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-5
50:Ethnicity
24:(journal)
14532:Hurufism
14477:Tengrism
14426:Xinjiang
14381:Gagauzia
14230:Mongolia
14204:Turanism
14179:Kemalism
14167:Politics
14129:Kipchaks
14109:Göktürks
14104:Dughlats
13958:Bulgaria
13946:Abkhazia
13921:Turkmens
13904:Nağaybäk
13734:Bashkirs
13698:Tubalars
13682:Chelkans
13676:Altaians
13630:Cyrillic
13532:Pecheneg
13497:Krymchak
13402:Chagatai
13375:Southern
13370:Northern
13235:Pecheneg
13032:Southern
13011:Northern
13003:Siberian
12896:Southern
12885:Trukhmen
12779:Telengit
12724:Krymchak
12665:Nagaibak
12611:Chagatai
12371:See also
12348:Isolates
12323:Japanese
12263:Yuracaré
12145:Candoshi
12104:Macro-Jê
12069:Zaparoan
12064:Zamucoan
12054:Witotoan
12037:Tucanoan
12032:Tiniguan
12027:Timotean
12011:Quechuan
11980:Matacoan
11975:Mascoian
11965:Jivaroan
11928:Chibchan
11922:Charruan
11873:Arawakan
11810:Isolates
11741:Chibchan
11617:Isolates
11589:Wakashan
11550:Salishan
11492:Eskaleut
11398:Giimbiyu
11390:Isolates
11299:Jarrakan
11294:Iwaidjan
11151:Isolates
11005:Kutubuan
10873:Sumerian
10809:Isolates
10764:Yukaghir
10733:Tungusic
10699:Mongolic
10687:Koreanic
10646:Eskaleut
10537:Isolates
10521:Ubangian
10353:Vasconic
10328:Atlantic
10082:Eskaleut
10036:Yukaghir
9951:Koreanic
9946:Tungusic
9941:Mongolic
9879:Harappan
9790:Caucasus
9772:Sumerian
9647:Ligurian
9459:Koreanic
9454:Tungusic
9449:Mongolic
9437:Families
9386:Archived
9371:Archived
9338:Archived
9316:Archived
9267:template
9223:Archived
9163:Archived
9101:Archived
9085:Archived
8969:24 April
8963:Archived
8918:24 April
8912:Archived
8851:24 April
8814:24 April
8805:Archived
8760:41927271
8657:24 April
8651:Archived
8618:24 April
8612:Archived
8578:Archived
8554:Archived
8519:Archived
8484:Archived
8449:Archived
8419:Archived
8389:Archived
8359:Archived
8335:Archived
8297:(1969).
8270:: 9–15.
8238:Archived
8235:Krymchak
8219:Archived
8187:Archived
8163:Archived
8131:Archived
8107:Archived
8061:(1922).
8045:25532895
7988:18 March
7982:Archived
7948:Archived
7891:Archived
7842:Archived
7838:41926932
7696:Archived
7650:41927278
7617:Archived
7590:Archived
7556:25898006
7494:25898006
7335:41928378
7306:26 April
7218:19 April
7212:Archived
7192:(2013).
6847:UEY: قىز
6793:UEY: ئەر
6458:See also
6436:Goguryeo
6432:Göktürks
6415:—
6386:cognates
5995:cetimiş
5962:*yẹtmiĺ
5942:altımış
5936:altïmïš
5933:altïmïš
5909:*altmïĺ
5874:el(l)ig
5742:yigirmä
5739:yigirmä
5736:cıyırma
5733:jiyirma
5730:yegerme
5727:yigirmi
5724:yegerme
5721:yigrimi
5633:to’qqiz
5386:*bēĺ(k)
5378:tăvattă
5316:uch/u̇č
5295:uǰ, u̇č
4752:gey/göy
4726:tangara
4661:yogʻoch
4570:hilltop
4562:toburax
4553:topuraq
4550:topyraq
4520:*toprak
4467:*yultuŕ
4376:gin/gün
4358:sun/day
4323:göl/gel
4166:kil/kül
4143:vut/vot
4028:koʻprik
4016:kiopriu
3993:*köprüg
3397:*baltïr
3288:*dïrŋak
3068:kulgaax
3026:*kulkak
2973:*kirpik
2970:eyelash
2965:kuś/koś
2935:gez/göz
2882:tik/qel
2859:puś/poś
2693:huńama
2685:qaynona
2665:qäynänä
2660:qaynana
2657:kaynana
2642:kiyiit
2510:qïz/qez
2339:ana, ög
2166:loanword
2158:cognates
2069:Telengit
2045:Kumandin
1921:Chagatai
1875:(Karluk)
1762:Krymchak
1618:Pecheneg
1480:taghliq
1477:togʻlik
1391:mountain
1231:dohghus
1213:toʻqqiz
753:Catholic
696:Göktürks
661:Dunhuang
587:Mongolic
583:Tungusic
560:Tengrism
539:region.
525:Mongolia
513:Mongolia
450:Tungusic
446:Mongolic
409:suffixes
401:converbs
338:Koreanic
334:Tungusic
330:Mongolic
246:and the
244:Anatolia
229:expanded
223:, where
217:Mongolia
151:turk1311
14609:Chovgan
14589:Kyz kuu
14502:Alevism
14439:Studies
14235:History
14218:Origins
14149:Türgesh
14119:Khazars
14114:Karluks
14094:Bulgars
14069:(Sakha)
14047:Uyghurs
14026:Tunisia
14014:Romania
13994:Lebanon
13962:Croatia
13950:Algeria
13939:Turkish
13931:Iranian
13916:Tofalar
13888:Chinese
13849:Qashqai
13834:Naimans
13779:Kazakhs
13759:Dolgans
13744:Chuvash
13739:Chulyms
13729:Balkars
13721:Georgia
13717:Armenia
13694:Teleuts
13671:Afshars
13663:Peoples
13640:Persian
13577:Turkmen
13572:Turkish
13537:Qashqai
13492:Kipchak
13412:Chuvash
13392:Bashkir
13282:Italics
13250:pidgins
13246:Creoles
13204:Chuvash
13128:Chelkan
13123:Kumandy
13101:Yenisei
12973:Turkish
12927:Western
12918:Sonqori
12913:Qashqai
12903:Afshari
12880:Turkmen
12868:Eastern
12655:Bashkir
12640:Kipchak
12563:Eastern
12542:Western
12421:italics
12398:Pidgins
12383:Creoles
12333:Swedish
12301:Chinese
12248:Urarina
12233:Puinave
12187:Itonama
12181:Irantxe
12150:Chimane
12080:Chimuan
11985:Nadahup
11904:Cariban
11884:Aymaran
11845:America
11687:Waikuri
11680:Tonkawa
11673:Timucua
11666:Takelma
11659:Siuslaw
11648:Kutenai
11632:Esselen
11595:Wintuan
11556:Shastan
11527:Na-Dene
11515:Maiduan
11452:Caddoan
11426:America
11380:Wagiman
11378:(incl.
11349:Tangkic
11289:Garawan
11262:Bunuban
11223:Tambora
11190:Maybrat
11158:Abinomn
11081:Teberan
11042:Pauwasi
11032:Mairasi
11000:Kiwaian
10880:Tambora
10866:Shompen
10848:Kusunda
10841:Kenaboi
10827:Elamite
10799:Siangic
10781:Kho-Bwa
10775:Hrusish
10693:Kra–Dai
10677:Japonic
10586:Eurasia
10561:Sandawe
10544:Bangime
10509:Songhay
10388:italics
10286:Austric
10263:Kho-Bwa
10258:Hrusish
10236:Siangic
10178:Karasuk
10078: ?
9991:Kenaboi
9956:Japonic
9921:Kra–Dai
9882: ?
9873:Kusunda
9779:Elamite
9751:Kassite
9737:Kaskian
9640:Camunic
9612:Iberian
9569:Eurasia
9464:Japonic
9269:below (
9051:parlons
8584:, p. 75
8560:16 July
8525:16 July
8490:16 July
8455:15 July
8425:16 July
8395:18 July
8341:31 July
8169:18 June
8075:19 July
8036:4291143
7926:17 July
7596:9 April
7547:4405460
7485:4405460
7370:4176504
7174:1 April
6540:Persian
6428:Koreans
6304:Chuvash
6274:Bashkir
6259:Turkmen
6254:Qashqai
6239:Turkish
6135:iz/yüz
6106:toqsan
6100:toqson
6097:toqsan
6094:tukhan
6088:tuksan
6085:togsan
6080:toqsan
6077:doxsan
6074:doksan
6054:säksän
6048:seksen
6045:seksen
6042:hikhen
6036:seksen
6033:segsen
6030:sӓɣsen
6027:seksün
6021:seksen
6007:śitmĕl
6001:yätmiš
5998:yetmiš
5992:jetpis
5989:yetmeš
5983:ǰitmeš
5977:yetmiš
5974:yetmiš
5971:yetmiş
5968:yetmiş
5954:ultmăl
5948:altmiš
5930:altmïš
5924:altmïš
5921:altmïš
5915:altmış
5912:altmïš
5862:*ellig
5792:o’ttiz
5745:süürbe
5712:iyirmi
5636:toqquz
5612:doġġuz
5606:doqquz
5597:*tokuŕ
5583:säkkiz
5580:säkkiz
5559:sӓkkiz
5553:səkkiz
5544:*sekiŕ
5430:pillĕk
5319:üch/üç
5166:Numbers
5114:*kïŕïl
4997:toloru
4903:*semiŕ
4723:tengri
4720:tangri
4714:täŋiri
4708:Tieńri
4664:yahach
4559:tupraq
4556:tuproq
4547:tupraq
4541:tufraq
4538:toprak
4535:torpaq
4532:topraq
4529:torpaq
4526:toprak
4523:topraq
4512:śăltăr
4506:yultuz
4503:yulduz
4500:cıldız
4497:juldyz
4494:yondoð
4491:julduz
4488:yoldız
4485:ýyldyz
4479:julduz
4473:yıldız
4470:yultuz
4414:*bulït
4249:şıv/şu
4060:ox/tir
4031:kövrük
4025:köpürö
4005:köprüg
3996:köprüg
3990:bridge
3859:üy, üv
3722:*bālïk
3616:*dabar
3613:cattle
3563:*(h)at
3555:Animals
3503:*kạrïn
3439:ballır
3436:baldir
3433:boldir
3430:baltır
3427:baltyr
3424:baltır
3421:baldɨr
3418:baltır
3415:baldyr
3412:ballïr
3409:baldɨr
3406:baldır
3403:baldır
3400:baltïr
3353:tizle-
3327:tirnaq
3324:tirnoq
3321:tırmaq
3318:tyrnaq
3315:tırnaq
3312:tɨrnax
3309:tırnaq
3306:dyrnak
3303:dïrnaq
3300:tɨrŋaq
3297:dırnaq
3294:tırnak
3291:tïrŋaq
3277:tarbaq
3274:barmaq
3271:barmoq
3268:barmaq
3265:barmaq
3262:barmaq
3259:barmax
3256:barmaq
3253:barmaq
3250:burmaq
3247:barmaq
3244:barmaq
3241:parmak
3232:finger
3215:alaqan
3212:alaqan
3185:*el-ig
3079:*burun
3029:qulqaq
3018:hărpăk
3012:kirpik
3009:kiprik
3006:kirpik
3003:kirpik
3000:kerpek
2997:kirpik
2994:kerfek
2991:kirpik
2988:kirpig
2985:kirpik
2982:kirpik
2979:kirpik
2976:kirpik
2750:sürex
2741:cürök
2738:jürek
2729:yöräk
2708:*yürek
2676:qäynä
2639:kelin
2633:kelin
2630:kelin
2621:kilen
2600:*gélin
2586:kishi
2545:person
2428:oghul
2425:oʻgʻil
2333:mother
2267:Chuvash
2237:Bashkir
2222:Turkmen
2217:Qashqai
2202:Turkish
2125:Chuvash
2111:Oghuric
2048:Chelkan
1970:(Sakha)
1796:Bashkir
1706:
1669:Qashqai
1650:Turkmen
1626:Turkish
1574:
1563:(Oghuz)
1535:Members
1498:daɣluɣ
1495:taɣliɣ
1474:daɣlïɣ
1462:tāɣlïɣ
1246:toqquz
1216:toqquz
1210:doqquz
1207:doqquz
1181:Chuvash
1091:Qashqai
1078:Turkmen
1071:Turkish
880:Iranian
876:contact
869:Siberia
865:Eurasia
846:Chinese
842:Russian
830:Persian
824:to the
822:Siberia
820:, from
768:Romania
764:Hungary
720:of the
694:by the
595:Japonic
464:History
391:, have
342:Japonic
319:Chuvash
295:Qashqai
291:Turkmen
283:Turkish
248:Balkans
240:Turkish
211:), and
209:Siberia
185:Eurasia
122:Oghuric
66:Eurasia
14599:Kokpar
14594:Jereed
14557:Rifaʽi
14547:Qadiri
14376:Crimea
14333:Turkey
14283:Otuken
14144:Shatuo
14134:K'o-sa
14099:Cumans
14089:Bulaqs
14073:Yugurs
14067:Yakuts
14052:Uzbeks
14042:Tuvans
14018:Serbia
13990:Kosovo
13986:Israel
13970:Cyprus
13927:Afghan
13900:Mishar
13878:Tatars
13839:Nogais
13829:Kumyks
13814:Kyrgyz
13799:Khalaj
13794:Khakas
13764:Gagauz
13592:Uyghur
13512:Kyrgyz
13482:Khazar
13477:Khalaj
13472:Khakas
13467:Kazakh
13452:Karaim
13437:Gagauz
13427:Dolgan
13407:Chulym
13397:Bulgar
13360:Afshar
13345:topics
13343:Turkic
13263:Kurbet
13258:Hezhou
13228:Khazar
13210:Bulgar
13113:Khakas
13078:Dukhan
13055:Steppe
13039:Chulym
13018:Dolgan
12963:Gagauz
12822:Kazakh
12791:Baraba
12774:Teleut
12764:Kyrgyz
12750:Kyrgyz
12719:Karaim
12648:Bulgar
12575:Khoton
12570:Uyghur
12534:Karluk
12524:Khalaj
12296:BANZSL
12258:Yamana
12243:Trumai
12212:Movima
12166:Fulniô
12129:Aikanã
12043:Tupian
11938:Chonan
11862:Arauan
11800:Xincan
11752:Lencan
11705:Yokuts
11602:Yukian
11567:Tanoan
11562:Siouan
11545:Pomoan
11486:Coosan
11312:Mirndi
11205:Porome
11200:Pawaia
11054:Senagi
11026:Madang
10975:Eleman
10930:Border
10861:Nihali
10854:Minoan
10834:Hattic
10816:Basque
10787:Mijiic
10769:Digaro
10753:Uralic
10739:Turkic
10590:Europe
10447:Africa
10248:Mijiic
10241:Digaro
10188:Pontic
10116:Borean
10111:Altaic
10075:Rouran
10068:Turkic
10061:Uralic
10050:Other
9935:Turkic
9863:Nihali
9758:Gutian
9730:Hattic
9723:Turkic
9689:Minoan
9661:Sicani
9606:Basque
9600:Turkic
9593:Uralic
9577:Europe
9444:Turkic
9330:Zenodo
9286:Curlie
9272:Curlie
9183:
9120:
9074:
9025:
8957:
8906:
8898:
8758:
8750:
8723:
8715:
8643:
8604:
8550:UNESCO
8515:UNESCO
8480:UNESCO
8443:. ELP
8413:. ELP
8385:UNESCO
8331:Online
8274:
8043:
8033:
7917:
7871:
7836:
7828:
7764:
7729:
7688:
7648:
7582:
7554:
7544:
7536:
7492:
7482:
7474:
7431:
7376:
7368:
7333:
7274:
7249:
7204:
6669:/ij̃e/
6442:Uralic
6394:ruling
6370:Korean
6364:Korean
6294:Uyghur
6284:Kyrgyz
6279:Kazakh
6269:Karaim
5939:alpys
5854:xĕrĕx
5839:qyryq
5809:*kïrk
5801:vătăr
5795:ottuz
5771:ottiz
5756:*otuŕ
5748:śirĕm
5709:yirmi
5639:toɣus
5630:toğuz
5627:toğyz
5624:tuɣïð
5621:toɣuz
5618:tugïz
5615:dokuz
5609:toquz
5603:dokuz
5600:toquz
5577:segiz
5574:segiz
5571:higeð
5568:sekiz
5565:sigez
5562:sekiz
5550:sekiz
5547:säkiz
5536:śiççe
5533:sette
5530:yetti
5527:yetti
5506:yeddi
5500:yeddi
5491:*yéti
5438:*altï
5375:tüört
5369:toʻrt
5333:*dȫrt
5219:pĕrre
5159:hĕrlĕ
5156:kıhıl
5153:qizil
5150:qizil
5147:qızıl
5144:qyzyl
5141:qıðıl
5138:qɨzɨl
5135:qızıl
5132:gyzyl
5129:qïzïl
5126:qɨzɨl
5123:qızıl
5117:qïzïl
5061:*kara
5058:black
5005:white
5000:tulli
4994:toluq
4991:toʻla
4955:*dōlï
4947:samăr
4941:semiz
4938:semiz
4935:semiz
4932:semiz
4929:himeð
4926:semiz
4923:simez
4920:semiz
4915:semiz
4912:səmiz
4906:semiz
4889:yengi
4886:yangi
4874:jɨŋgɨ
4842:vărăm
4797:*uŕïn
4717:teñir
4711:täñre
4705:täñre
4702:taňry
4696:teŋri
4693:tanrı
4690:tanrı
4679:Tengri
4672:yıvăś
4655:ağash
4637:jɨɣač
4625:*ïgač
4565:tăpra
4509:sulus
4482:ulluz
4476:ulduz
4459:pĕlĕt
4456:bılıt
4453:bulut
4450:bulut
4447:bulut
4441:bolot
4438:bulut
4435:bolıt
4432:bulut
4429:bulut
4426:bulut
4423:bulud
4420:bulut
4417:bulut
4411:cloud
4385:kujaš
4332:giol´
4277:köymä
4257:*gḗmi
4201:water
4042:arrow
4037:kĕper
4034:kürpe
4022:köpir
4019:küper
4013:küper
4010:köpri
4002:körpü
3999:köprü
3932:çatăr
3914:satır
3908:çatır
3902:čador
3832:house
3772:louse
3764:balık
3761:beliq
3758:baliq
3755:balıq
3752:balyq
3749:balıq
3746:balɨx
3743:balıq
3740:balyk
3737:balïq
3734:balɨq
3731:balıq
3728:balık
3725:balïq
3684:kepäg
3655:siyir
3643:hıyır
3640:sɨjɨr
3637:sıyır
3634:sygyr
3631:seğer
3608:ut/ot
3560:horse
3548:hırăm
3545:xarın
3542:qerin
3539:qorin
3536:qarın
3533:qaryn
3530:qarın
3527:qarɨn
3524:qarın
3521:garyn
3515:qarɨn
3512:qarın
3509:karın
3506:qarïn
3500:belly
3386:tobuk
3380:tizza
3333:çĕrne
3238:erŋek
3124:murun
3118:burun
3115:burun
3112:murun
3109:muryn
3106:moron
3103:burun
3100:borın
3097:burun
3091:burun
3088:burun
3085:burun
3082:burun
3071:hălha
3065:qulaq
3062:quloq
3059:qulaq
3056:qulaq
3053:qolaq
3050:qulax
3047:qolaq
3044:gulak
3041:qulaq
3035:qulaq
3032:kulak
2814:*baĺč
2803:xaan
2761:*kiān
2758:blood
2753:çĕre
2747:yürek
2744:yurak
2735:yöräk
2726:ýürek
2720:jürek
2714:yürek
2711:yürek
2705:heart
2636:kelin
2627:kilen
2624:kelin
2618:gelin
2615:gälin
2612:qalɨŋ
2609:gəlin
2606:gelin
2603:kelin
2597:bride
2589:kihi
2583:kishi
2580:kişi
2577:kisi
2568:keşe
2537:kııs
2495:*kï̄ŕ
2478:erkak
2460:erkek
2454:erkek
2448:erkek
2389:*ogul
2257:Uyghur
2247:Kyrgyz
2242:Kazakh
2232:Karaim
2138:Bulgar
2130:Khazar
2072:Teleut
2036:Khakas
2026:Chulym
2009:Dukhan
1974:Dolgan
1906:Uyghur
1856:Kyrgyz
1825:Kazakh
1767:Karaim
1712:Khalaj
1631:Gagauz
1510:tullă
1486:tauly
1483:tawlï
1471:dağlı
1468:dagly
1465:dağlı
1378:hadaq
1312:hadaq
1249:tăχăr
1243:toɣus
1237:toɣïs
1234:doɣus
1228:toɣus
1225:toɣuz
1222:toğyz
1219:tuɣïz
1204:dokuz
1201:dokuz
1198:toquz
1174:Khalaj
1153:Khakas
1125:Kyrgyz
1118:Kazakh
1104:Uyghur
1020:tokkuz
1001:Schema
903:Turkic
886:, and
884:Slavic
858:Arabic
760:Cumans
681:Mongol
591:Korean
480:, and
454:Uralic
423:, and
340:, and
321:, and
305:, and
303:Gagauz
175:are a
45:Turkic
14604:Jigit
14497:Islam
14411:Sakha
14189:Jadid
14124:Kimek
14034:Yemen
14022:Syria
13998:Libya
13978:Egypt
13966:Crete
13908:Volga
13892:Lipka
13859:Shors
13854:Salar
13821:China
13786:China
13597:Uzbek
13582:Tuvan
13562:Tatar
13547:Salar
13517:Nogai
13502:Kumyk
13422:Cuman
13365:Altai
13196:Oghur
13088:Soyot
13071:Taiga
13062:Tuvan
13048:Sayan
13023:Yakut
12859:Salar
12851:Oghuz
12827:Nogai
12805:Nogai
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