Mongolia - Knowledge

3168: 4896: 2449: 3268: 3507: 2290:. As a point of reference the northernmost part of Mongolia is on roughly the same latitude as Berlin (Germany) and Saskatoon (Canada), while the southernmost part is on roughly the same latitude as Rome (Italy) and Chicago (USA). The westernmost part of Mongolia is on roughly the same longitude as Kolkata in India, while the easternmost part is on the same longitude as Qinhuangdao and Hangzhou in China, as well as the western edge of Taiwan. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its westernmost point is only 36.76 kilometres (22.84 mi) from Kazakhstan, nearly making a 4812: 14263: 13481: 2680: 2426:

city. Mongolia is high, cold and windy. It has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most of its annual precipitation falls. The country averages 257 cloudless days a year, and it is usually at the center of a region of high atmospheric pressure. Precipitation is highest in the north (average of 200 to 350 millimeters (8 to 14 in) per year) and lowest in the south, which receives 100 to 200 millimeters (4 to 8 in) annually. The highest annual precipitation of 622.297 mm (24.500 in) occurred in the forests of

4478: 155: 5465: 3012: 5718: 13173: 14584: 5868: 5013: 2347: 98: 4632: 3067: 1885: 2403: 11528: 2157: 4884: 1337:(21,000 years ago) testify to the level of Upper Paleolithic art in northern Mongolia; Mal'ta is now part of Russia. Neolithic agricultural settlements (c. 5500–3500 BC), such as those at Norovlin, Tamsagbulag, Bayanzag, and Rashaan Khad, predated the introduction of horse-riding nomadism, a pivotal event in the history of Mongolia which became the dominant culture. Horse-riding nomadism has been documented by archeological evidence in Mongolia during the Copper and Bronze Age 146: 14618: 14545: 84: 2259: 1999: 13346: 14660: 14428: 14367: 14354: 14315: 14302: 3120:

dominant party in two other coalitions. The party initiated two changes of government from 2004 prior to losing power in the 2012 election. The Democrats were the dominant force in a ruling coalition between 1996 and 2000, and an almost-equal partner with the People's Revolutionary Party in a coalition between 2004 and 2006. An election of deputies to the national assembly on 28 June 2012 resulted in no party having an overall majority; however, as the

14558: 5487: 4098: 13358: 14454: 14391: 14493: 14328: 4663: 2607: 5668: 5254: 2516: 2071: 3639: 14506: 14441: 14415: 14250: 14647: 4869: 1578: 14686: 14571: 14480: 14712: 14532: 14519: 14467: 5358: 2596: 14699: 14673: 14289: 5479:, which has been organized for centuries and takes place over three days in the summer, consisting of three Mongolian traditional sports, archery, cross-country horse-racing, and wrestling, traditionally recognized as the Three Manly Games of Naadam. In modern-day Mongolia, Naadam is held from July 11 to 13 in the honor of the anniversaries of the National Democratic Revolution and foundation of the Great Mongol State. 5295: 14341: 4570: 11331: 14276: 711: 668: 649: 616: 597: 4108: 1683: 4486: 1426: 7416: 3029:, which had been the predominant religion prior to the rise of communism, again rose to become the most widely practised religion in Mongolia. The highest-ranking lama of Buddhism in Mongolia, has been vacant since the 9th Jebtsundamba's passing in 2012 and the search for the next Jebtsundamba Khutuktu is being complicated by Beijing's desire to assert control over Tibetan Buddhism. 2644:(children per woman) that is steeper than in any other country in the world, according to recent UN estimations: in 1970–1975, fertility was estimated to be 7.33 children per woman, dropping to about 2.1 in 2000–2005. The decline ended and in 2005–2010, the fertility value increased to 2.8 in 2013 and stabilised afterwards at a rate of about 2.5-2.6 children per woman around 2020. 5173: 5732: 1873: 1829:, and the country was divided into numerous feudal and ecclesiastical fiefdoms (which also placed people in power with loyalty to the Qing). Over the course of the 19th century, the feudal lords attached more importance to representation and less importance to the responsibilities towards their subjects. The behavior of Mongolia's nobility, together with 1671:, the Mongols continued to rule their homeland, known in historiography as the Northern Yuan dynasty. With the division of the Mongol tribes, it was subsequently also known as "The Forty and the Four" (Döčin dörben) among them. The next centuries were marked by violent power struggles among various factions, notably the Genghisids and the non-Genghisid 7956:

Mongolian script. This provision is to be effective starting January 1st of 2025. ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate and education certificates are to be both in Mongolian cyrillic and Mongolian script and currently Mongolian script is being used in official letters of President, Prime Minister and Speaker of Parliament."

3101:. Mongolia amended its constitution most lately in 2019 transferring some powers from the president to the prime minister. On May 31, 2023, Mongolia's parliament approved a constitutional amendment that increased the number of seats from 76 to 126 and changed the electoral system re-introducing proportional party voting. 3160:. It took 62 seats and the main opposition DP, 11 of the 76 seats. Before the elections the ruling party had redrawn the electoral map in a way that was beneficial for MPP. In January 2021, Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh resigned after protests over the treatment of a coronavirus patient. On 27 January 2021, 5036:

was one of the commonest surgical diagnoses in the 1960s, but now has been greatly reduced. Yet, adult health deteriorated during the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century and mortality rates increased significantly. Smallpox, typhus, plague, poliomyelitis, and diphtheria were eradicated by

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copper and gold deposit, the biggest foreign-investment project in Mongolia at the time. The mine is now a major producer of copper and gold, with plans to further develop underground production and reach an output of 500,000 tons of copper per year. Mongolian lawmakers have also attempted to finance

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has stated that Mongolia's development prospects are promising due to an expansion of mining and large public investment, although challenges remain from inflation, weaker external demand from China, and persistent fiscal risks due to sizable contingent liabilities. According to the Asian Development

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as well as a large number of Soviet professionals and soldiers located within Mongolia. Since then, however, Mongolia's education system has reoriented away from the Soviet Union to the West, and English has become the dominant foreign language, aided by liberalized media, international aid agencies,

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caused by the Himalayas. Before the Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate 10 million years ago, Mongolia was a flourishing habitat for major fauna but still somewhat arid and cold due to distance from sources of evaporation. Sea turtle and mollusk

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Mungunsarnai, G. and Spoorenberg, T. 2012. "Did the social and economic transition cause a health crisis in Mongolia? Evidence from age- and sex-specific mortality trends (1965–2009)", in J. Dierkes (ed.) Change in Democratic Mongolia: Social Relations, Health, Mobile Pastoralism and Mining, Leiden,

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There is no provision in the law that states the termination of use of cyrillic. It clearly states that Mongolian script is to be added to the current use of cyrillic. Mongolian script will be introduced in stages and state and local government is to conduct their correspondence in both cyrillic and

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lamasery was built in the Tibetan tradition. An example of a temple built in the Chinese tradition is the lamasery Choijing Lamiin Sume (1904), which is a museum today. The quadratic temple Tsogchin in lamasery Gandan in Ulaanbaatar is a combination of the Mongolian and Chinese tradition. The temple

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and employs one-third of the labor force. However, the high altitude, extreme fluctuation in temperature, long winters, and low precipitation provides limited potential for agricultural development. The growing season is only 95 – 110 days. Because of Mongolia's harsh climate, it is unsuited to most

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Mongolia's foreign relations traditionally focus on its two large neighbors, Russia and China. Mongolia is economically dependent on these countries: China is Mongolia's largest export partner at a 78% share, far above the other top countries (Switzerland at 15%; Singapore 3%). Mongolia receives 36%

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and gold have emerged as a driver of industrial production. Besides mining (21.8% of GDP) and agriculture (16% of GDP), dominant industries in the composition of GDP are wholesale and retail trade and service, transportation and storage, and real estate activities. Also, Mongolia produces one-fifth

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The People's Party – known as the People's Revolutionary Party between 1924 and 2010 – formed the government from 1921 to 1996 (in a one-party system until 1990) and from 2000 to 2004. From 2004 to 2006, it was part of a coalition with the Democrats and two other parties, and after 2006 it was the

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Population Division estimates Mongolia's total population (mid-2007) as 2,629,000 (11% less than the U.S. Census Bureau figure). UN estimates resemble those made by the Mongolian National Statistical Office (2,612,900, end of June 2007). Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.2% (2007

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It results in large proportions of the country's livestock dying from starvation or freezing temperatures or both, resulting in economic upheaval for the largely pastoral population. The annual average temperature in Ulaanbaatar is −1.3 °C (29.7 °F), making it the world's coldest capital

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Most of the country is hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter, with January averages dropping as low as −30 °C (−22 °F). A vast front of cold, heavy, shallow air comes in from Siberia in winter and collects in river valleys and low basins causing very cold temperatures while

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was often rocky; during the early 1990s the country had to deal with high inflation and food shortages. The first election victories for non-communist parties came in 1993 (presidential elections) and 1996 (parliamentary elections). China has supported Mongolia's application for membership in the

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Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such

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Minerals represent more than 80% of Mongolia's exports, a proportion expected to eventually rise to 95%. Fiscal revenues from mining represented 21% of government income in 2010 and rose to 24% in 2018. About 3,000 mining licences have been issued. Mining continues to rise as a major industry of

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Mongolia's real GDP grew by 7% in 2023 due to record-high coal production, driven by strong demand from China. Inflation in early 2024 dropped to 7% due to lower global food and fuel prices. Despite a robust increase in import volumes, Mongolia recorded a current account surplus due to the sharp

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the rise of private education and tutoring, as well as official government policy. In the 2014–2015 academic year, 59% of the overall student population studied English at public secondary schools. In 2023, English was declared the "first foreign language", and to be taught from the third grade.

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In battles they subdued the nations of all four sides of the world and suppressed them. They made those who had heads bow their heads, and who had knees genuflect them. In the east up to the Kadyrkhan common people, in the west up to the Iron Gate they conquered... These Khagans were wise. These

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Modern Mongolia inherited a relatively good healthcare system from its socialist period. A World Bank report from 2007 notes "despite its low per capita income, Mongolia has relatively strong health indicators; a reflection of the important health gains achieved during the socialist period." On

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is able to veto the laws made by parliament, appoint judges and justice of courts and appoint ambassadors. The parliament can override that veto by a two-thirds majority vote. Mongolia's constitution provides three requirements for taking office as president; the candidate must be a native-born

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is the most popular of all Mongol sports. It is the highlight of the Three Manly Games of Naadam. Historians claim that Mongol-style wrestling originated some seven thousand years ago. Hundreds of wrestlers from different cities and aimags around the country take part in the national wrestling

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Another very popular activity called Shagaa is the "flicking" of sheep ankle bones at a target several feet away, using a flicking motion of the finger to send the small bone flying at targets and trying to knock the target bones off the platform. At Naadam, this contest is popular among older

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The agriculture sector therefore remains heavily focused on nomadic animal husbandry with 75% of the land allocated to pasture, and cropping only employing 3% of the population. About 35% of all households in Mongolia lived from breeding livestock. Most herders in Mongolia follow a pattern of

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practices by Chinese traders and the collection of imperial taxes in silver instead of animals, resulted in widespread poverty among the nomads. By 1911 there were 700 large and small monasteries in Outer Mongolia; their 115,000 monks made up 21% of the population. Apart from the Jebtsundamba

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near the border with Russia and the lowest of 41.735 mm (1.643 in) occurred in the Gobi Desert (period 1961–1990). The sparsely populated far north of Bulgan Province averages 600 mm (24 in) in annual precipitation which means it receives more precipitation than Beijing

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Mongolia is sometimes described as a semi-presidential system because, while the prime minister and cabinet are collectively responsible to the SGKh, the president is popularly elected, and his/her powers are much broader than the conventional powers of heads of state in parliamentary

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Khagans were great. Their servants were wise and great too. Officials were honest and direct with people. They ruled the nation this way. This way they held sway over them. When they died ambassadors from Bokuli Cholug (Baekje Korea), Tabgach (Tang China), Tibet (Tibetan Empire),

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natural gas pipeline, with a contract to be signed in the "near future" according to Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak. Due to China's status as Mongolia's most important trading partner, Mongolia has been trying to stay out of the current U.S.-China confrontation.

4972:, literacy rates were below one percent. By 1952, illiteracy was virtually eliminated, in part through the use of seasonal boarding schools for children of nomadic families. Funding to these boarding schools was cut in the 1990s, contributing to slightly increased illiteracy. 2176:

took power in Mongolia after the death of Choibalsan. Tsedenbal was the leading political figure in Mongolia for more than 30 years. While Tsedenbal was visiting Moscow in August 1984, his severe illness prompted the parliament to announce his retirement and replace him with

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play a certain role in forming this microclimate. In Tsetserleg, the warmest town in this microclimate, nighttime January temperatures rarely go under −30 °C (−22 °F) while daytime January temperatures often reach 0 °C (32 °F) to 5 °C (41 °F).

6069: 2149:(and any other newly independent African state), in return for the admission of Mongolia. Faced with pressure from nearly all the other African countries, the ROC relented under protest. Mongolia and Mauritania were both admitted to the UN on 27 October 1961. (see 4608:

In September 2022, Mongolia built and launched a 233-km direct rail link to China, which is a milestone in Mongolia's plan to become China's leading supplier of high-quality coal from the Tavan Tolgoi mine, which has more than six billion tonnes of coal reserves.

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Although cultivation of crops has continued since the Neolithic, agriculture has always remained small in scale compared to pastoral nomadism. Agriculture may have first been introduced from the west or arose independently in the region. The population during the

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from Chinese forces on 18 March 1921, and on 6 July, Russian and Mongolian troops arrived in Khüree. Mongolia declared its independence again on 11 July 1921. As a result, Mongolia was closely aligned with the Soviet Union over the next seven decades.

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Many overland roads in Mongolia are only gravel roads or simple cross-country tracks. There are paved roads from Ulaanbaatar to the Russian and Chinese borders, from Ulaanbaatar east- and westward (the so-called Millennium Road), and from Darkhan to

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Primary and secondary education formerly lasted ten years, but was expanded to eleven years. Since the 2008–2009 school year, new first-graders are using the 12-year system, with a full transition to the 12-year system in the 2019–2020 school year.

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is especially central to Mongolian culture. The long-distance races that are showcased during Naadam festivals are one aspect of this, as is the popularity of trick riding. One example of trick riding is the legend that the Mongolian military hero

2016:, which resulted in the murders of numerous monks and other leaders. In Mongolia during the 1920s, approximately one-third of the male population were monks. By the beginning of the 20th century, about 750 monasteries were functioning in Mongolia. 2467:

There are many pressing environmental issues in Mongolia that are detrimental to both human and environmental wellness. These problems have arisen in part due to natural factors, but increasingly because of human actions. One of these issues is

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in the south, covering some 33,000,000 square kilometres (13,000,000 sq mi), (22% of Earth's total land area) and had a population of over 100 million people (about a quarter of Earth's total population at the time). The emergence of

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government repressed religious practices. It targeted the clergy of the Mongolian Buddhist Church, which had been tightly intertwined with the previous feudal government structures (e.g. from 1911 on, the head of the Church had also been the

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A new law on press freedom, drafted with help from international NGOs on August 28, 1998, and enacted on January 1, 1999, paved the way for media reforms. The Mongolian media currently consists of around 300 print and broadcasting outlets.

1737:. Mongolian nobles donated land, money and herders to the monasteries. As was typical in states with established religions, the top religious institutions, the monasteries, wielded significant temporal power in addition to spiritual power. 5021:

average Mongolia's infant mortality rate is less than half of that of similarly economically developed countries, its under-five mortality rate and life expectancy are all better on average than other nations with similar GDP per capita.

3040:(LDS Church) held a cultural program to celebrate twenty years of LDS Church history in Mongolia, with 10,900 members, and 16 church buildings in the country. There are some 1,000 Catholics in Mongolia and, in 2003, a missionary from the 2378:), northern Bulgan (Hutag) and eastern Dornod province (Khalkhiin Gol). Ulaanbaatar is strongly, but less severely, affected. The cold gets less severe as one goes south, reaching the warmest January temperatures in Omnogovi Province ( 6834: 1648:, the grandson of Genghis Khan. He set up his capital in present-day Beijing. After more than a century of power, the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Ming dynasty in 1368, and the Yuan court fled to the north, thus becoming the 4850:, which is mostly exported. Domestic consumption of coal accounts for about 70% of Mongolia's primary energy and makes up most of the electricity generation, accounting for about 87% of the domestic electricity production in 2019. 5663:

Ulaanbataar holds an annual marathon in June. 2015 was the sixth marathon that has been organized by Ar Mongol. The race starts at Sukhbataar Square and is always open to residents and runners who come especially for this event.

5215:. Further enlargement led to a quadratic shape of the temples. The roofs were made in the shape of marquées. The trellis walls, roof poles and layers of felt were replaced by stone, brick, beams and planks, and became permanent. 4763:

Telecommunications in Mongolia face unique challenges. As the least densely populated country in the world, with a significant portion of the population living a nomadic lifestyle, it has been difficult for many traditional

5055:, has the second highest level of fine particle pollution of any city in the world. Poor air quality is also the largest occupational hazard, as over two-thirds of occupational disease in Mongolia is dust induced chronic 4011: 2305:, with forested areas accounting for 11.2% of the total land area, a higher percentage than Ireland (10%). The whole of Mongolia is considered to be part of the Mongolian Plateau. The highest point in Mongolia is the 5562:

has been practised in Mongolia since 1948. The Mongolian Olympic boxing national team was founded in 1960. The Communist government of Mongolia banned boxing from 1964 to 1967 but the government soon ended the ban.

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of Maitreya (disassembled in 1938) is an example of the Tibeto-Mongolian architecture. Dashi-Choiling monastery has commenced a project to restore the temple and the 25 metres (82 ft) sculpture of Maitreya.

4942:, located approximately 52 km (32 mi) south of the capital Ulaanbaatar. Direct flight connections exist between Mongolia and South Korea, China, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Russia, Germany, and Turkey. 4790:

communications with its Chinese and Russian neighbors. In 2005, Mongolia's state-run radio and TV provider converted to a public service provider. Private radio and TV broadcasters, multi-channel satellite, and

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As of 2006, English is taught in all secondary schools across Mongolia, beginning in fourth grade. English has taken over from Russian as the dominant foreign language in Mongolia, particularly in Ulaanbaatar.

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by a combination of disease and warfare. Outer Mongolia was given relative autonomy, being administered by the hereditary Genghisid khanates of Tusheet Khan, Setsen Khan, Zasagt Khan and Sain Noyon Khan. The

7380: 5339:, and the removal of any affiliation of media outlets with the government. Market reforms have led to an annually increasing number of people working in the media, along with students at journalism schools. 7119: 5869: 3167: 4732:. Livestock breeds are increasingly challenged by land degradation and climate change. Populations suffer from more frequent and intense extreme weather events, especially brutal winter seasons called 924:, which absorbed the country in the 17th century. By the early 20th century, almost one-third of the adult male population were Buddhist monks. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia 4954:. A number of road construction projects are currently underway. Mongolia has 4,800 km (3,000 mi) of paved roads, with 1,800 km (1,100 mi) of that total completed in 2013 alone. 1433:

Since the prehistoric times, Mongolia has been inhabited by nomads who, from time to time, formed great confederations that rose to power and prominence. Common institutions were the office of the

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inhabited western Mongolia during the Bronze Age. The mummy of a Scythian warrior, which is believed to be about 2,500 years old, was a 30- to 40-year-old man with blond hair; it was found in

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used to occur about once every ten years, there have now been six in the past decade, with over six million animals (9% of total livestock) killed by these conditions in the winter of 2024.

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ever used its veto. Hence, and because of the repeated threats to veto by the ROC, Mongolia did not join the UN until 1961 when the Soviet Union agreed to lift its veto on the admission of

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in Central Mongolia. The wheeled vehicles found in the burials of the Afanasevans have been dated to before 2200 BC. Pastoral nomadism and metalworking became more developed with the later

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and trade. Mongolia has been pursuing a 'third-neighbor' foreign policy since early 1990s to build deeper relations and partnerships with countries beyond its two surrounding neighbors.

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Mongolian, be at least 45 years old, and have resided in Mongolia for five years before taking office. The president must also suspend their party membership. After defeating incumbent

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but with enough to support camels. Mongols distinguish Gobi from desert proper, although the distinction is not always apparent to outsiders unfamiliar with the Mongolian landscape.

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in the late 1980s. Otgonbayar Ershuu is arguably one of the most well-known Mongolian modern artists in the Western world, he was portrayed in the film "ZURAG" by Tobias Wulff.

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Spoorenberg, Thomas (2009). "The impact of the political and economic transition on fertility and family formation in Mongolia. A synthetic parity progression ratio analysis".

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is Mongolia's national air carrier, operating international flights, while air carriers such as Aero Mongolia and Hunnu Airlines serve domestic and short international routes.

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as new Prime Minister in October 2009. Elbegdorj was re-elected on 26 June 2013 and was inaugurated on 10 July 2013 for his second term as president. In June 2017, opposition

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The music of Mongolia is strongly influenced by nature, nomadism, shamanism, and also Tibetan Buddhism. The traditional music includes a variety of instruments, famously the

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had been administered by the Manchu during the Qing, and after the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the contract of Mongolian submission to the Manchu had become invalid.

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was the basis for development of traditional Mongolian architecture. In the 16th and 17th centuries, lamaseries were built throughout the country. Many of them started as

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est.). About 59% of the total population is under age 30, 27% of whom are under 14. This relatively young and growing population has placed strains on Mongolia's economy.

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Before the 20th century, most works of the fine arts in Mongolia had a religious function, and therefore Mongolian fine arts were heavily influenced by religious texts.

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area, the world's largest untapped coal deposit. However, proposed international partnerships failed in 2011 and 2015, with Mongolia further cancelling an international

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has been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, with similar beliefs being common among the nomads of central Asia. They gradually gave way to

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in 1640. Following the leaders, the entire Mongolian population embraced Buddhism. Each family kept scriptures and Buddha statues on an altar at the north side of their

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Mongolia is known as the "Land of the Eternal Blue Sky" or "Country of Blue Sky" (Mongolian: "Mönkh khökh tengeriin oron") because it has over 250 sunny days a year.

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The first census in the 20th century was carried out in 1918 and recorded a population of 647,500. Since the end of socialism, Mongolia has experienced a decline of

11250: 10409: 9035: 7376: 1644:'s death in 1259. One of the khanates, the "Great Khaanate", consisting of the Mongol homeland and most of modern-day China, became known as the Yuan dynasty under 10379: 7275: 4991:. Almost three in five Mongolian youths now enroll in university. There was a six-fold increase in students between 1993 and 2010. Mongolia was ranked 68th in the 4786:

is another technology that has helped Mongolia increase accessibility to telecommunications and bypass fixed-line infrastructure. For Internet, Mongolia relies on

2633: 819: 9876: 8974: 8909: 7753: 7145: 7123: 6276:, School of Social Sciences, Department of History (1999). "2. Хүний үүсэл, Монголчуудын үүсэл гарвал" [2. Origins of Humanity; Origins of the Mongols]. 5447:

Mongolia is one of few Asian countries where rice is not a main staple food. Instead, Mongolian people prefer to eat lamb as their staple food rather than rice.

2386:) and the region of the Altai mountains bordering China. A unique microclimate is the fertile grassland-forest region of central and eastern Arkhangai Province ( 14733: 14239: 11015: 8507: 10809: 10531: 8402: 7645: 13983: 13792: 7289: 5683: 8742: 3558: 8852: 14836: 8556: 7253: 5316:. Until reforms in the 1990s, the government had strict control of the media and oversaw all publishing, in which no independent media were allowed. The 2394:) where January temperatures are on average the same and often higher than the warmest desert regions to the south in addition to being more stable. The 10192: 11075: 10929: 10250: 10170: 1813:

Until 1911, the Qing dynasty maintained control of Mongolia with a series of alliances and intermarriages, as well as military and economic measures.

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authority. The Manchu forbade mass Chinese immigration into the area, which allowed the Mongols to keep their culture. The Oirats who migrated to the

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captured the silver medal. It led to being chosen as the best Mongolian sports team of 2011. Mongolia won the bronze medal of the B division at the

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The end of religious repression in the 1990s also allowed for other religions to spread in the country. According to the Christian missionary group

2488:. Additionally, more and more species are disappearing and at risk for extinction. Moreover, especially in population centers, Mongolians deal with 1810:

through Siberia; it had permanent stations located every 25 to 30 kilometres (16 to 19 mi), each of which was staffed by 5–30 chosen families.

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to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's

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It has begun seeking positive relations with a wider range of other countries especially in cultural and economic matters, focusing on encouraging

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The name "Gobi" is a Mongol term for a desert steppe, which usually refers to a category of arid rangeland with insufficient vegetation to support

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Economic activity in Mongolia has long been based on herding and agriculture, although development of extensive mineral deposits of copper, coal,

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Shinjee, Bolormaa; Dovchin, Sender (28 July 2023). "SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN MONGOLIA". In Ball, Martin J.; Mesthrie, Rajend; Meluzzi, Chiara (eds.).

6941: 3037: 2118:. One of the Soviet conditions for its participation, put forward at Yalta, was that after the war Outer Mongolia would retain its independence. 8360: 4524:

Bank, 27.1% of Mongolia's population lived below the national poverty line in 2022. In the same year, GDP per capita was estimated at $ 12,100.

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also shifted to Mongolia, where it remained until the 18th century CE. The intrusions of northern pastoralists (e.g. the Guifang, Shanrong, and

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ideals. However, changing global politics and increased Soviet pressure led to the decline of Pan-Mongol aspirations in the following period.

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Gobi rangelands are fragile and easily destroyed by overgrazing, which results in expansion of the true desert, a stony waste where not even

672: 11045: 9850: 8206: 7472: 5937: 2792:

As of the 2014–2015 academic year, the most popular foreign language in specialized language courses were (ordered by popularity), English,

1465:'s tenure, as a means of defense against the destructive Xiongnu raids. The vast Xiongnu empire (209 BC–93 AD) was followed by the Mongolic 14821: 14130: 9964: 9533: 7844:

Marzluf, Philip; Saruul-Erdene, Myagmar (2019). "Mongolia: Language education policy". In Kirkpatrick, Andy; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (eds.).

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to the United Nations on the grounds it recognized all of Mongolia —including Outer Mongolia— as part of China. This was the only time the

722: 7498: 7209: 13396: 12893: 7783: 7677: 174: 11321: 10106: 9756: 8119: 6463: 6251: 1600:, and waged a series of military campaigns – renowned for their brutality and ferocity – sweeping through much of Asia, and forming the 14172: 11282: 11170: 6526: 6026: 2134: 523: 10466: 6169: 4938:

Mongolia has a number of domestic airports, with some of them having international status. However, the main international airport is

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Jakob Engel and Annalisa Prizzon, with Gerelmaa Amgaabazar, July 2014, From decline to recovery: Post-primary education in Mongolia,

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has been practised since 1958 in Mongolia. Mongolian freestyle wrestlers have won the first and the most Olympic medals of Mongolia.

5306:

Mongolian press began in 1920 with close ties to the Soviet Union under the Mongolian Communist Party, with the establishment of the

620: 10884: 9338: 8647: 8287: 7049: 14153: 13737: 12346: 12185: 11440: 5912: 5623: 4765: 2629: 2142: 1564: 8935: 8821: 8424: 7518:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 5420:

of Mongolia and the lowest population density in the world of just 2.2 inhabitants/km has influenced the traditional diet. Use of

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of 1939, the Soviet Union successfully defended Mongolia against Japanese expansionism. Mongolia fought against Japan during the

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courts for each province and also the Capital Ulaanbaatar; and the court of last resort (for non-constitutional matters) at the

3284:

of imports from China and 29% from Russia. Mongolia is also pursuing a trilateral partnership with China and Russia through the

2067:

said, "People of Mongolia are not important, the land is important. Mongolian land is larger than England, France and Germany".

1756:. The Khalkha eventually submitted to Qing rule in 1691, thus bringing all of today's Mongolia under Manchu rule. After several 13965: 13902: 10740: 10703: 9147: 5336: 5082:. It represents the sun, moon, stars, and heavens per standard cosmological symbology abstracted from that seen in traditional 2119: 953: 11207: 11121: 9315: 7611: 11791: 11131: 10868: 10843: 10773: 10630: 10599: 10301: 9288: 9065: 7985: 7853: 6630: 6502: 5346:

classified the media environment as 98th out of 179, with 1st being most free. In 2016, Mongolia was ranked 60th out of 180.

9169: 6746: 6129: 2784:, Russian was a vital language for mobility and professional communication, with a large number of students studying in the 11740: 10779: 9203: 8176: 7179: 6136: 5641: 4939: 3603: 3240: 3221: 1012: 8617: 7235: 4512:

is estimated to be at least one-third the size of the official economy. As of 2022, 78% of Mongolia's exports went to the

1469:(93–234 AD), which also ruled more than the entirety of present-day Mongolia. The Mongolic Rouran Khaganate (330–555), of 13632: 9510: 9027: 7267: 6390: 5584:

began playing national games again during the 1990s; but has not yet qualified for a major international tournament. The

5349:

According to 2014 Asian Development Bank survey, 80% of Mongolians cited television as their main source of information.

3157: 3141: 13927: 11157: 10387: 2228: 1652:. As the Ming armies pursued the Mongols into their homeland, they successfully sacked and destroyed the Mongol capital 1588:

In the chaos of the late 12th century, a chieftain named Temüjin finally succeeded in uniting the Mongol tribes between

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Mongolia imports 98% of its fuel and is building its first ever oil refinery to reduce its foreign energy dependency.

1473:

provenance was the first to use "Khagan" as an imperial title. It ruled a massive empire before being defeated by the

14195: 13945: 13837: 12308: 11784: 8499: 6971: 6371: 6245: 5875: 5570: 4968:

During the state socialist period, education was one of the areas of significant achievement in Mongolia. Before the

4552: 3001: 2241: 2237: 2052: 2013: 1897: 11023: 9715: 8472: 7922: 6815:

Thomas E. Ewing, "Russia, China, and the Origins of the Mongolian People's Republic, 1911–1921: A Reappraisal", in:

6779:

In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the "New Great Game" for Central Asia, 1759 – 2004

4768:(ICT) companies to make headway into Mongolian society. With almost half the population clustered in the capital of 2562:

basin draining to the Pacific Ocean. It hosts some unique species like the Eastern brook lamprey, Daurian crayfish (

2122:

took place on 20 October 1945, with (according to official numbers) 100% of the electorate voting for independence.

14143: 14003: 13812: 13662: 13637: 11733: 11575: 10801: 10523: 10410:"The Mongolian Health System at a Crossroads An Incomplete Transition to a Post-Semashko Model - PDF Free Download" 9121: 8394: 7638: 6692: 4581:

Mongolia as evidenced by the number of Chinese, Russian and Canadian firms starting mining businesses in Mongolia.

3300: 2578: 2441: 999:, and other ethnic minorities, who are especially concentrated in the western regions. Mongolia is a member of the 11101: 10496: 7301: 5102:

technique. Bronze sculptures usually showed Buddhist deities. A number of great works are attributed to the first

4728:. They are raised primarily for their meat, although goats are valued for their hair which can be used to produce 3089:. The president appoints the prime minister, and nominates the cabinet on the proposal of the prime minister. The 2671:) constitute 4.5% of Mongolia's population, and the rest are Russian, Chinese, Korean and American nationalities. 1130:) is of uncertain etymology, given variously as the name of a mountain or river; as a corruption of the Mongolian 14023: 13389: 12886: 11490: 10650: 10140: 6601:

Guzman, Gregory G. (1988). "Were the barbarians a negative or positive factor in ancient and medieval history?".

6273: 6272: 5581: 5317: 4984: 3306:

Then Vice President of the U.S. Joe Biden, visited Mongolia in 2011 supporting Mongolia's third neighbor policy.

2825: 2190: 1748:

over the looting of Chinese cities, and also alienated most Mongol tribes. He died in 1634. By 1636, most of the

11234: 8734: 8533: 7450: 7354: 4772:, most landline technologies are deployed there. Wireless technologies have had greater success in rural areas. 1954:

decided to support the establishment of a communist Mongolian government and army. This Mongolian army took the

1126: 14076: 14013: 13988: 13874: 13627: 13285: 12014: 11845: 11500: 7941: 7249: 7091: 6868: 5118: 4969: 4756: 3614: 3588: 3535: 3510:

Mongolian, Chinese and Russian national flags set on armored vehicles during the large-scale military exercise

2988: 2781: 2302: 2138: 2083: 2044: 2024: 1984: 1859: 1764:(western Mongols or Oirats) were virtually annihilated during the Qing conquest of Dzungaria in 1757 and 1758. 1705:

of the Tümed, a grandson of Dayan Khan – but not a hereditary or legitimate Khan – became powerful. He founded

941: 601: 481: 11000:[D. Batmunkh: The first Mongolian boxer was dressed in Mongolian boots] (in Mongolian). Archived from 10956: 2647:

The Mongols are moderately homogeneous, Ethnic Mongols account for about 95% of the population and consist of

1385:

has been described as mongoloid in the east of what is now Mongolia, and as europoid in the west. Tocharians (

1020: 14816: 14801: 14061: 13998: 13845: 13777: 13752: 13649: 13413: 12138: 12099: 11827: 11750: 11629: 11400: 11364: 10906: 10196: 10162: 5649: 4513: 3262: 2126: 2012:

instituted collectivization of livestock, began the destruction of the Buddhist monasteries, and carried out

782: 758: 11071: 9644:"Mining Booms and Sustainable Economic Growth in Mongolia—Empirical Result from Recursive Dynamic CGE Model" 8764: 5226:

as well as combinations of the three. Among the first quadratic temples was Batu-Tsagaan (1654) designed by

2780:

Since 1990, English has quickly supplanted Russian as the most popular foreign language in Mongolia. In the

2027:

to prevent Mongolian reunification. All leaders of Mongolia who did not fulfill Stalin's demands to perform

14084: 13807: 13597: 13289: 11869: 11548: 11512: 11495: 11475: 10921: 8707: 5645: 5234:-style architecture is the lamasery Dashi-Choiling in Ulaanbaatar. The temple Lavrin (18th century) in the 3557:

became the first-ever sitting U.S. president to visit Mongolia. In 2004, under Bulgarian chairmanship, the

3267: 2759: 2198: 2150: 1863: 1855: 1847: 1334: 1305: 929: 925: 464: 11001: 9471: 6552: 5619: 4935:. Mongolia also has a 233 km-long cargo rail link from the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine to Chinese border. 4551:. As of 2024, it has 180 companies listed with a total market capitalization of US$ 3.2 billion. The 2274:

country. It is significantly larger than the next-largest country, Peru. It mostly lies between latitudes

1657: 1604:, the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Under his successors it stretched from present-day 13975: 13772: 13722: 12856: 12190: 11943: 11933: 11774: 11590: 11272: 11184: 8142:"Historical Injustice and Democratic Transition in Eastern Asia and Northern Europe, London 2002, p. 156" 6073: 5038: 4529: 3236: 3232: 3213: 3197: 3164:

of MPP became new prime minister. He represents a younger generation of leaders that had studied abroad.

3149: 3137: 3121: 3109: 3105: 2755: 2411: 2217: 2213: 1232: 229: 130: 9083: 4931:

with the Trans-Siberian Railway. However, that link is closed to passengers after the Mongolian town of

4528:

increase in coal exports. Mining sector growth is expected to continue driving GDP growth, although the

2005:

led Mongolia during the Stalinist era, and presided over an environment of intense political persecution

901:

retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict, except during the era of

14796: 14148: 14138: 14046: 14041: 13382: 12879: 11712: 11656: 11597: 11580: 11553: 11517: 11049: 9787: 9563: 8586: 7031: 6853: 6363:

Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin

4081: 4065: 3895: 3228: 3161: 3153: 3145: 3129: 2338: 1940: 1913: 1867: 1097: 839: 749: 390: 384: 375: 356: 13338:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

12864:

Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.

10219: 9957: 9730: 6933: 6419: 5553: 4891:

continues to be revered as the national symbol, they are rapidly being replaced by motorized vehicles.

97: 13917: 13802: 13692: 12217: 11999: 11953: 11728: 11612: 11585: 11334: 9371: 9199: 8327: 7434: 5787: 5498: 5343: 5048: 4367: 3857: 3695: 3596: 3293: 3015: 2805: 2233: 1796: 1054: 1004: 976: 20: 10975: 10335: 9955: 8996: 8323: 8283: 7848:. Routledge international handbooks. London ; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 6828: 5627: 5604: 5544:

have become popular in Mongolia. More Mongolian table tennis players are competing internationally.

4532:

predicts the current account balance will revert to a sizable deficit due to declining coal prices.

1532:

came to the funerals. So many people came to mourn over the great Khagans. They were famous Khagans.

14806: 14743: 13822: 13657: 11971: 11928: 11881: 11832: 11762: 11694: 11505: 11480: 11470: 11430: 11357: 6414: 5459: 5302:

in 2008. The media has gained significant freedoms since democratic reforms initiated in the 1990s.

5273: 5167: 4589: 4544: 4344: 3090: 3078: 2626: 2590: 2371: 2301:

to the south and cold, mountainous regions to the north and west. Much of Mongolia consists of the

2224: 1991:

rose to power. The early leaders of the Mongolian People's Republic (1921–1952) included many with

1851: 1558: 1546: 1342: 1267: 1024: 961: 541: 495: 321: 277: 13767: 10434: 10349: 10283: 8377:

powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in

7232:"Mongolia Climate – Retrieve the average temperatures and rains in Mongolia & in Ulaan baatar" 6895: 6548: 3506: 2227:

was introduced in 1992, and the term "People's Republic" was dropped from the country's name. The

13855: 13247: 12178: 11817: 11767: 8236: 7476: 5944: 5585: 4992: 4943: 4927:

where it joins the Chinese railway system. A separate railroad link connects the eastern city of

4912: 4839: 4670: 4619: 4602: 3036:, the number of Christians grew from just four in 1989 to around 40,000 as of 2008. In May 2013, 2748: 2383: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2075: 1496:, descendants of the Xianbei, ruled Mongolia during the Liao dynasty (907–1125), after which the 882: 866: 700: 578: 13742: 9541: 9472:"Forget The BRICs: Citi's Willem Buiter Presents The 11 "3G" Countries That Will Win The Future" 6212: 6095: 4333: 3787: 3643: 3549:

From 2005 to 2006, about 40 troops were deployed with the Belgian and Luxembourg contingents in

2720: 983:

is the majority religion (51.7%), with the nonreligious being the second-largest group (40.6%).

14791: 14114: 14008: 13860: 13757: 13702: 12205: 11994: 11822: 11779: 11717: 11485: 8450: 7201: 6165: 4916: 4674: 4263: 4211: 3847: 3842: 3700: 3680: 3501: 3133: 3049: 2997: 2744: 2684: 2457: 2048: 2009: 2002: 1988: 862: 628: 572: 139: 7775: 7670: 7608:"U.S. Department of State. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. Background Note:Mongolia" 7499:"Climate Change Impacts on Health and Livelihoods: Mongolia Assessment - Mongolia | ReliefWeb" 7095: 6620: 5129:-like paintings dealing with secular, nationalist themes were also popular, a genre known as " 4417: 3867: 3827: 3745: 3730: 2707:. It coexists with various other, largely mutually intelligible varieties of Mongolic such as 1774:(1507–1582) founded the city of Hohhot, helped introduce Buddhism and originated the title of 1255:). In the thirteenth century, the word Mongol grew into an umbrella term for a large group of 13955: 13817: 13762: 13507: 13279: 12860: 12158: 12153: 11913: 11855: 11837: 11755: 11745: 11707: 11536: 11455: 11300: 11262: 11167: 9928: 9617: 9278: 9251: 8882: 8111: 6235: 6018: 5679: 5657: 5653: 5603:

is a double world champion and Olympic bronze medal winner (now representing Germany), while

5517: 5299: 5103: 4963: 4863: 4775: 4548: 4543:" countries, which are countries with the most promising growth prospects for 2010–2050. The 4401: 4086: 4070: 3988: 3984: 3792: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3670: 3630: 3626: 3584: 3576: 3570: 3519: 3272: 3217: 3193: 3184: 3094: 3082: 2375: 2356: 2253: 1877: 1788: 1757: 1730: 1572: 1568: 1550: 733: 510: 369: 7079: 6518: 5596: 5032:

have steadily improved, both due to social changes and to improvement in the health sector.

4034: 2679: 991:. The vast majority of citizens are ethnic Mongols, with roughly 5% of the population being 83: 14748: 14589: 14051: 13937: 13907: 13870: 13787: 13147: 12227: 12032: 12004: 11682: 11405: 10474: 7585: 7529: 7087: 6339:. Phonologies of the World's Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 103–105. 5600: 5506:

scattered coins on the ground and then picked them up while riding a horse at full gallop.

5223: 5219: 4195: 3802: 3725: 3200:, was elected as president on 24 May 2009 and inaugurated on 18 June that year. The ruling 3061: 2963: 2821: 2641: 2510: 2363: 2173: 2161: 1722: 1294: 1016: 913: 350: 327: 297: 14164: 10022: 8257: 6983: 5503: 4811: 4310: 1597: 8: 14811: 13697: 13224: 12475: 12130: 12064: 11963: 11850: 11805: 11570: 11392: 11291: 9397: 8298: 8019: 7438: 5824: 5750: 5564: 5547: 5509: 5417: 5073: 5047:

Serious problems remain, especially in the countryside. According to a 2011 study by the

4783: 4477: 4472: 3822: 3665: 3321: 3125: 3098: 2973: 2334: 2322: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2202: 2064: 1955: 1458: 1397:, Mongolia. As equine nomadism was introduced into Mongolia, the political center of the 1283: 1236: 1139: 949: 411: 315: 12608: 11315: 11277: 11098:"MongoliaTourism – Мэдээ, мэдээлэл – 6th International Ulaanbaatar Marathon – June 2015" 10858: 7533: 5464: 5335:

Since 2006, the media environment has been improving with the government debating a new

4645:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3011: 2632:

uses the United Nations (UN) estimations instead of the U.S. Census Bureau estimations.

2043:, which began in 1937, killed more than 30,000 people. Under Stalinist influence in the 1190: 1152: 14831: 14056: 13850: 13782: 13747: 13712: 13203: 12212: 12173: 12163: 11984: 11938: 11923: 11918: 11699: 11617: 11527: 11267: 11179: 10888: 10707: 10683: 10571: 10554: 10323: 9933: 8910:"Russia and China to sign Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline 'in near future', says Novak" 8352: 7896:"University and college students to learn Mongolian script from upcoming academic year" 7727: 7558: 7517: 7050:"Tsedenbal's Mongolia and the Communist Aid Donors: A Reappraisal | Wilson Center" 6684: 6289: 5813: 5778: 5637: 5541: 5325: 5183: 5005: 4877: 4824: 4564: 4555:(IFC) currently ranks Mongolia as 81st globally in its ease of doing business scoring. 4547:, established in 1991 in Ulaanbaatar, is among the world's smallest stock exchanges by 4451: 4383: 4245: 4097: 3812: 3782: 3735: 3675: 3607: 3285: 3209: 3189: 3086: 3070: 2809: 2700: 2696: 2622: 2538: 2283: 2206: 1924: 1374: 1256: 957: 803: 404: 209: 103: 66: 8677: 8141: 8094:

2010 Population and Housing Census of Mongolia. Data recorded in Brian J. Grim et al.

5556:

won Mongolia's first ever Olympic gold medal in the men's 100-kilogram class of judo.

2651:

and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongol language. The

2178: 1834:

Khutuktu, there were 13 other reincarnating high lamas, called 'seal-holding saints' (

14786: 13912: 13707: 13489: 13357: 12982: 12871: 12515: 12143: 12080: 12045: 12019: 12009: 11989: 11948: 11644: 11639: 11344: 11127: 10864: 10839: 10769: 10626: 10576: 10297: 9825: 9675: 9284: 9061: 8024: 8002: 7981: 7849: 7731: 7719: 7563: 7545: 7442: 7099: 7080: 7009: 6967: 6626: 6498: 6367: 6340: 6241: 5630:

took his 33rd top division championship, giving him the most in the history of sumo.

5386: 5379: 5289: 5248: 5218:

Chultem distinguished three styles in traditional Mongolian architecture: Mongolian,

5151:) created by Tsevegjav in the 1960s. The artist was purged as his work was censored. 5122: 4928: 4378: 4224: 3817: 3705: 3172: 3022: 2981: 2797: 2704: 2692: 2497: 2407: 2395: 2387: 2194: 2130: 1932: 1354: 1346: 1338: 1224: 1027:

in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade groups.

906: 309: 154: 10736: 10711: 9903:"Dzud emergency in Mongolia moves to risk of floods and environmental contamination" 9143: 8356: 8199: 8044:"Mongolia makes English the first foreign language in secondary education - News.MN" 6936:[Mongolian People's Republic supported the Chinese Anti-Japan War in 1945]. 5276:). The "tsam" is danced to keep away evil spirits and it was seen as reminiscent of 2962:

According to the 2010 National Census, among Mongolians aged 15 and above, 53% were

2156: 2129:, both countries confirmed their mutual recognition on 6 October 1949. However, the 14763: 14758: 14753: 14096: 13993: 13897: 13892: 13797: 13727: 13573: 13563: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13242: 12793: 12578: 12573: 12545: 12260: 12148: 12122: 11425: 11204: 11137: 10566: 10289: 9956:

Odgerel, U.; International Chinese Transportation Professional Association (2011).

9665: 9655: 9502: 9311: 8342: 8014: 7973: 7711: 7607: 7553: 7537: 6616: 6335:

Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzén, Vivian (2005).

5831: 5798: 5737: 5025: 5012: 4792: 4509: 4349: 4315: 4279: 3882: 3862: 3832: 3740: 3720: 3660: 3488: 3026: 2977: 2793: 2767: 2763: 2736: 2716: 2477: 2210: 2111: 2032: 1980: 1976: 1783: 1714: 1637: 1489: 1453:

to form a confederation in 209 BC. Soon they emerged as the greatest threat to the

1147: 1143: 1070: 870: 680: 224: 89: 52: 10595: 10459: 9173: 6448:

Eleanora Novgorodova, Archäologische Funde, Ausgrabungsstätten und Skulpturen, in

14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 13592: 13578: 13519: 13198: 12914: 12824: 12630: 12525: 11891: 11634: 11465: 11310: 11215: 11211: 11198: 11174: 11161: 10763: 10527: 7945: 7926: 6657: 6361: 6166:"Mongolia Standard Time is GMT (UTC) +8, some areas of Mongolia use GMT (UTC) +7" 5717: 5592: 5441: 5437: 5402: 5321: 5029: 4888: 4585: 4274: 4229: 4159: 3975:

As of 2020, 47.6% of the population lives in Ulaanbaatar, further 21.4% lived in

3852: 3807: 3797: 3750: 3690: 3685: 3592: 3239:), became the country's sixth democratically elected president after winning the 3045: 2801: 2732: 2712: 2687:

province showing signage in Mongolian (Mongolian Script and Cyrillic) and English

2543: 2519: 2493: 2473: 2461: 2427: 1909: 1718: 1661: 1593: 1554: 1521: 1517: 1398: 1394: 1358: 1313:

shows lively pink, brown, and red ochre paintings (dated to 20,000 years ago) of

945: 933: 823: 257: 216: 14090: 12656: 12266: 9588: 9195: 8791:"Ex-Mongolian prime minister Khurelsukh wins presidential election in landslide" 8347: 7175: 5976:"Mongolia: A Vain Constitutional Attempt to Consolidate Parliamentary Democracy" 5636:

is the only sport in which Mongolia has finished higher than third place at the

4328: 3872: 3710: 3599:. For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. 2346: 2306: 987:

is the third-largest religious identification (3.2%), concentrated among ethnic

14628: 14107: 13827: 13732: 13602: 13448: 13436: 12809: 12661: 12568: 12399: 12222: 12195: 11072:"PressReader – the UB Post: 2017-02-06 – President praises national bandy team" 7541: 7231: 7075: 5559: 5079: 5060: 5033: 4932: 4873: 4831: 4787: 4540: 4490: 4446: 4435: 4190: 3976: 3837: 3655: 3554: 3066: 2770: 2740: 2728: 2708: 2655:

make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats,

2534: 2469: 2366:. The localities most severely affected by this cold weather are Uvs province ( 1936: 1920: 1884: 1807: 1749: 1710: 1414: 1350: 1322: 1310: 1228: 1205: 1165: 1120:

The name Mongolia means the "Land of the Mongols" in Latin. The Mongolian word

1000: 965: 846: 11152: 8473:"Preliminary Results Issued by the General Election Commission of Mongolia..." 7715: 6847: 6833:[Buddhism and the revolution in Mongolia] (in Russian). Archived from 6394: 5449:

Wheat, barley, and buckwheat predominate more so than rice in modern Mongolia.

2546:

are still found in the Gobi today. The eastern part of Mongolia including the

2402: 1943:

led his troops into Mongolia in October 1920, defeating the Chinese forces in

1931:

occupied Mongolia. Warfare erupted on the northern border. As a result of the

1641: 14780: 13960: 13685: 13622: 13553: 13524: 13350: 13208: 12804: 12798: 12738: 12715: 12651: 12593: 12364: 12354: 12323: 12313: 12245: 12237: 12200: 12168: 11661: 11445: 11410: 9877:"Mongolia's livestock breeds, a precious part of global biological diversity" 9679: 9660: 9643: 9228:[Law on mediation and conciliation]. www.Legalinfo.mn. May 22, 2012. 8028: 7723: 7549: 7446: 7420: 5390: 5114: 4951: 4923:, crosses into Mongolia, runs through Ulaanbaatar, then passes into China at 4904: 4729: 4107: 3247: 3113: 3033: 3005: 2660: 2551: 2542:

fossils have been found in the Gobi, apart from well-known dinosaur fossils.

2489: 2481: 2318: 1992: 1745: 1649: 1626: 1601: 1581: 1542: 1525: 1497: 1493: 1474: 1466: 1406: 1402: 1298: 1248: 1220: 1173: 917: 878: 775: 437: 189: 176: 8765:"МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ЕРӨНХИЙЛӨГЧИЙН 2017 ОНЫ СОНГУУЛИЙН 2 ДАХЬ САНАЛ ХУРААЛТЫН ДҮН" 7325: 6896:"Young monks lead revival of Buddhism in Mongolia after years of repression" 6048: 1632:

After Genghis Khan's death, the empire was subdivided into four kingdoms or

822:. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a 14623: 14550: 13675: 13607: 13587: 13263: 13142: 13107: 12772: 12766: 12705: 12603: 12460: 12384: 11666: 11450: 11435: 11189: 11097: 10859:

Patrick F.J. Macrory; Arthur E. Appleton; Michael G. Plummer, eds. (2005).

10580: 10555:"The significance of nano particles in particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis" 9921: 9225: 8003:"Русский язык в повседневном дискурсе монголов (данные экспертного опроса)" 7567: 6579: 5699: 5521: 5130: 4915:

is the main rail link between Mongolia and its neighbors. It begins at the

4598: 4430: 4396: 4141: 3877: 3650: 3531: 3522:, and has sent several successive contingents of 103 to 180 troops each to 3398: 2993: 2920: 2785: 2724: 2611: 2165: 2056: 2036: 1951: 1919:

The area controlled by the Bogd Khaan was approximately that of the former

1826: 1753: 1717:

to Mongolia. (It was the second time this had occurred.) Abtai Khan of the

1668: 1656:

and other cities. Some of these attacks were repelled by the Mongols under

1629:

also significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia during its height.

1617: 1504: 1481: 1434: 1410: 1260: 1244: 1216: 1181: 1177: 937: 921: 894: 890: 874: 468: 450: 263: 239: 10621:

Veronika Ronge (1986). "Kunst und Kunstgewerbe". In Michael Weiers (ed.).

9707: 7977: 7676:. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 5078:

The symbol in the left bar of the national flag is a Buddhist icon called

4883: 2431:(571.8 mm or 22.51 in) or Berlin (571 mm or 22.5 in). 2313:

massif in the far west at 4,374 m (14,350 ft). The basin of the

1701:

reunited all Mongol groups under the Genghisids. In the mid-16th century,

791: 14738: 13670: 13558: 13502: 13497: 13465: 13460: 13362: 13092: 13032: 13027: 12922: 12777: 12700: 12455: 12303: 12037: 11602: 11558: 9996: 8822:"How is Mongolia Addressing Concerns Over Foreign Meddling in Elections?" 8476: 7953:

Use of cyrillic is to be terminated and only Mongolian script to be used.

7919: 7846:

The Routledge international handbook of language education policy in Asia

5723: 5265: 5258: 5155: 5052: 4800: 4769: 4736:

that destroy forage and can decrease temperatures to around -50°C. While

4687: 4299: 4206: 4177: 4125: 4120: 4102: 3969:

The percentage of the population the top 10 most populous cities make up.

3715: 3580: 3527: 3511: 3403: 3276: 3250: 3041: 2599: 2453: 2379: 2298: 2291: 2263: 2209:

and a market economy. At the same time, the transformation of the former

2115: 2040: 1944: 1928: 1901: 1818: 1741: 1645: 1454: 1450: 1008: 886: 835: 831: 168: 145: 10293: 9670: 9113: 8328:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" 8288:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" 6688: 6672: 5622:

won 25 top division tournament championships, placing him fourth on the

5099: 3538:

set up there, and in July 2009, Mongolia decided to send a battalion to

2418:

The country is subject to occasional harsh climatic conditions known as

2270:

At 1,564,116 km (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the world's

2258: 1998: 1979:

or, as some sources claim, at the hands of Russian spies, the country's

14665: 14433: 14372: 14359: 14320: 14307: 14120: 13717: 13680: 13514: 13152: 13127: 13042: 13022: 12972: 12942: 12932: 12829: 12782: 12273: 11460: 10500: 10499:. National Statistical Office of Mongolia. 11 July 2004. Archived from 10427: 8853:"Can Mongolia's Brash New President Navigate Between China and Russia?" 6103: 5537: 5398: 5235: 5056: 5024:

Since 1990, key health indicators in Mongolia like life expectancy and

4593: 4573: 4520: 4497: 4412: 4362: 4258: 3176: 2967: 2581:

mean score of 9.36/10, ranking it sixth globally out of 172 countries.

2559: 2547: 2391: 2310: 2146: 2028: 1972: 1893: 1775: 1771: 1702: 1691: 1382: 1366: 902: 303: 10646: 10136: 9276: 8557:"Here's how an unpopular ruling party swept Mongolia's June elections" 7350: 5486: 1429:

7th-century artifacts found 180 km (112 mi) from Ulaanbaatar

19:

This article is about the modern sovereign state. For other uses, see

14563: 14036: 13617: 13480: 13426: 13405: 13316: 13117: 13112: 12992: 12530: 12485: 12419: 8768: 8529: 7895: 7426: 5686:, draws about 400 eagle hunters on horseback, including the traveler 5667: 5428:

are limited. Due to geographic proximity and deep historic ties with

5421: 5277: 5269: 5253: 5227: 5140: 5107: 4662: 4536: 4240: 3478: 3463: 3453: 3438: 3418: 3325: 3052:

reported 2,700 members in six churches up from zero members in 1991.

2907: 2804:. Korean in particular has gained popularity as tens of thousands of 2606: 2555: 2515: 2099: 2070: 2060: 1726: 1698: 1653: 1589: 1462: 1390: 807: 11349: 10015: 8708:"President to be sworn in on 10th in front of Genghis Khan monument" 7938: 6464:"Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians" 5678:

Mongolia holds other traditional festivals throughout the year. The

4868: 3991:

centers, and other permanent settlements, and 31.0% in rural areas.

3000:, closed almost all of Mongolia's over 700 Buddhist monasteries and 2621:

Mongolia's total population as of January 2015 was estimated by the

1577: 14498: 14459: 14333: 13335:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

13193: 13132: 13087: 13062: 13057: 12957: 12743: 12720: 12470: 12444: 12414: 12409: 12389: 12379: 12091: 11976: 11622: 11295: 11120:

Ling, Elaine; Fitzhugh, William W.; Norbu, Thubten Konchog (2009).

10952: 10861:

The World Trade Organization legal, economic and political analysis

10107:"New Coal Rail Network Comes Online Connecting Mongolia With China" 9757:"New Coal Rail Network Comes Online Connecting Mongolia With China" 9258:(in Mongolian). National Statistics Office of Mongolia. 17 May 2024 6070:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Mongolia)" 5406: 5362: 5095: 4920: 4576:

employs 21,000 workers and produced 168,000 tons of copper in 2023.

4501: 4170: 4136: 3543: 3378: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3085:. The people also elect the deputies in the national assembly, the 2881: 2625:

to be 3,000,251 people, ranking around 121st in the world. But the

2537:

can survive. The arid conditions in the Gobi are attributed to the

2485: 2367: 2314: 1822: 1761: 1445:) and the decimal military system. The first of these empires, the 1438: 1314: 1270:

on 13 February 1992, the official name of the state is "Mongolia" (

980: 770: 737: 27: 10902: 9339:"Cashmere conflict: Politicians, Herders, Middlemen and Factories" 5357: 2595: 1365:

Empire in 209 BC. Monuments of the pre-Xiongnu Bronze Age include

14652: 14511: 14446: 14420: 14255: 14101: 13612: 13568: 13531: 13157: 13072: 13052: 12937: 12927: 12787: 12730: 12710: 12695: 12682: 12676: 12671: 12645: 12588: 12563: 12558: 12535: 12520: 12510: 12502: 12434: 12424: 12404: 12394: 12359: 12318: 12293: 12283: 12250: 11906: 11896: 11886: 11420: 11415: 9144:"Ban Ki-Moon on press conference in Ulaanbaatar, July 27th, 2009" 8711: 7419:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

6334: 5671: 5525: 5370: 5294: 5083: 4924: 4292: 4154: 4112: 3980: 3638: 3393: 3348: 3343: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2362:

In winter the whole of Mongolia comes under the influence of the

2020: 1959: 1800: 1633: 1621: 1613: 1529: 1470: 1461:. It was guarded by up to almost 300,000 soldiers during Marshal 1446: 1370: 1362: 1330: 1326: 1240: 992: 988: 898: 854: 850: 424: 342: 337: 271: 251: 12329: 10936: 9642:

Lkhagva, Davaajargal; Wang, Zheng; Liu, Changxin (29 May 2019).

9366: 9364: 6872: 6785:(PhD). Brisbane: Griffith University. p. 37. Archived from 5938:"Хун ам, орон сууцны 2020 оны улсын ээлжит тооллогы нэгдсэн дун" 5328:

democracy, and with that, media freedoms came to the forefront.

4569: 3104:

Mongolia has a number of political parties; the largest are the

2047:, an estimated 17,000 monks were killed, official figures show. 14691: 14576: 14485: 14346: 13470: 13213: 13137: 13102: 13037: 13017: 13007: 12967: 12952: 12947: 12834: 12814: 12688: 12640: 12635: 12622: 12583: 12439: 12429: 12374: 12369: 12288: 12255: 12024: 11901: 11314: 9824:. National Statistical Office. pp. 43, 151. Archived from 6310: 5533: 5529: 5491: 5476: 5468: 5433: 5366: 5312: 4701: 4697: 4683: 4584:

In 2009, the Mongolian government negotiated an agreement with

3550: 3483: 3473: 3433: 3423: 3413: 3408: 3388: 3353: 3338: 3333: 2668: 2527: 1706: 1695: 1682: 1672: 1605: 1508: 1442: 1386: 1196: 1133: 996: 858: 845:

The territory of modern-day Mongolia has been ruled by various

827: 811: 10998:"Д.Батмєнх: Анх дээлтэй, монгол гуталтай бокс тоглодог байлаа" 10833: 9991: 9989: 8295:

Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies

5257:

Musician playing the traditional Mongolian musical instrument

4485: 1947:(now Ulaanbaatar) in early February 1921 with Mongol support. 1892:

With the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Mongolia under the

14717: 14605: 14537: 14524: 14472: 14281: 14268: 13443: 13431: 13421: 13321: 13162: 13122: 13097: 13077: 13012: 12987: 12977: 12962: 12840: 12749: 12666: 12598: 12480: 12465: 12449: 12298: 12278: 11339: 9779: 9361: 8936:"Mongolia Maintains Neutrality After 6 Months of Ukraine War" 8425:"Concerns Over Foreign Meddling Rise in Mongolia's Elections" 8070:"Today in Mongolia: Everyone can speak a few words of Korean" 8043: 7202:"Ireland now has the 'second-smallest' forest area in Europe" 7032:"Changing Pattern in the Use of Veto in the Security Council" 5633: 5524:, association football, athletics, gymnastics, table tennis, 5429: 5425: 4721: 4717: 4705: 4693: 3468: 3458: 3448: 3428: 3383: 3373: 2894: 2773:. Although Mongolian script has officially been declared the 2074:

Mongolian troops fight against the Japanese counterattack at

1830: 1814: 1782:

Some scholars estimate that about 80% of the 600,000 or more

1767: 1640:(1260–1264), which broke out in a battle for power following 1609: 1485: 1425: 984: 972: 815: 763: 13374: 11235:

Official website of the Government Organizations of Mongolia

9277:

National Statistics Office of Mongolia (18 September 2021).

8072:. Office of the President, Republic of Korea. Archived from 6309:Сүхбаатар, Г. (1992). "Монгол Нирун улс" [Mongol Nirun ( 2996:

of the country). In the late 1930s, the regime, then led by

14704: 14678: 14294: 14194: 13172: 13082: 13047: 13002: 12997: 12906: 12553: 12336: 10885:"2013 World Press Freedom Index: Dashed Hopes After Spring" 9986: 9851:"Bringing Herders Closer to Markets and Livestock Services" 9696:. Ulan Bator: National Statistics Office of Mongolia. 2018. 9503:"Mongolia earns a sporting chance with fledgling operation" 9454:"Mongolia-Assessment Letter for the Asian Development Bank" 8177:"China's Grip on Mongolia's Quest for Spiritual Leadership" 7969:

The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World

7920:

Official documents to be recorded in both scripts from 2025

7178:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 5858: 5855: 5849: 5840: 5615: 5410: 5394: 5195: 5177: 4983:

Mongolian national universities are all spin-offs from the

4847: 4835: 4709: 3606:(JGC) nominates judges which must then be confirmed by the 3539: 3523: 3443: 3081:

representative democratic republic with a directly elected

2086:

in 1931, Mongolia was threatened on this front. During the

1872: 1744:

in the early 17th century. He came into conflicts with the

1734: 1318: 7473:"Annual average temperature and precipitation of Mongolia" 5837: 5172: 2355:

slopes of mountains are much warmer due to the effects of

2266:, while the northern and western portions are mountainous. 10552: 8618:"With New PM, a New Generation Taking Charge in Mongolia" 6819:, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Jul. 1980), pp. 399, 414, 415, 417, 421 6519:"Archeological Sensation-Ancient Mummy Found in Mongolia" 5846: 4843: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4713: 4481:

Historical development of real GDP per capita in Mongolia

2420: 2098:

in August 1945 to liberate Inner Mongolia from Japan and

1507:(684–737) in central Mongolia summarizes the time of the 787: 10625:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. pp. 125–148. 8530:"N. Altankhuyag Becomes 27th Prime Minister of Mongolia" 7869: 7515: 7082:

Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists

5818: 5706:

are amongst many other traditional Mongolian festivals.

3002:

killed at least 30,000 people, of whom 18,000 were lamas

2634:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

2570:) in the Onon/Kherlen rivers as well as Siberian prawn ( 1492:(745–840) who were defeated by the Kyrgyz. The Mongolic 1441:(Supreme Council), left and right wings, imperial army ( 9881:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

9283:. Mongol Ulsyn Ündėsnij Statisikijn Horoo. p. 10. 8710:. shuud.mn (in Mongolian). July 3, 2013. Archived from 5792: 5693: 4779: 1102: 842:, is home to roughly half of the country's population. 123: 12901: 10593: 9731:"Mongolia cancels Tavan Tolgoi's $ 1 billion IPO plan" 7429:. In Worden, Robert L.; Savada, Andrea Matles (eds.). 6237:

Nationality and International Law in Asian Perspective

4605:

in 2020, citing financial and political difficulties.

1636:. These eventually became quasi-independent after the 1536: 10623:

Die Mongolen: Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur

8250: 7122:. Jamestown Foundation. June 29, 2005. Archived from 6775: 5932: 5930: 5876: 5607:

is, as of May 2007, ranked third in the world in the

5580:

Association football is also played in Mongolia. The

5125:

was the dominant painting style, however traditional

3561:(OSCE) invited Mongolia as its newest Asian partner. 3196:, a two-time former prime minister and member of the 2114:

provided for the Soviet Union's participation in the

1900:

considered Mongolia to be part of its own territory.

1896:

declared its independence. But the newly established

1752:

tribes had submitted to the Manchus, who founded the

10761: 9028:"Why Mongolians Won't Take Sides in the Ukraine War" 8967:"Mongolia forced to choose sides as 'friends' fight" 8616:

Lkhaajav, Bolor; Dierkes, Julian (27 January 2021).

8001:Цыбенова, Ч. С.; Жалсанова, В. Г. (31 August 2022). 7843: 6321:] (in Mongolian). Vol. 3. pp. 330–550. 6192:

Mongolian Buddhism: The Rise and Fall of the Sangha,

5852: 5713: 5117:

turned to more realistic painting styles. Under the

4818:

in Ulaanbaaatar is Mongolia's largest power station.

3559:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

2262:

The southern portion of Mongolia is taken up by the

1675:, as well as by several Ming invasions (such as the 1449:

of undetermined ethnicity, were brought together by

11205:

Mongolia: Growth, Democracy, and Two Wary Neighbors

10922:"TV drama promotes financial education in Mongolia" 10050:"Khurelsukh drives Mongolia to energy independence" 9252:"Social and economic profile of Mongolia 2019-2023" 8096:

Yearbook of International Religious Demography 2014

7120:""Pan-Mongolism" and U.S.-China-Mongolia relations" 5843: 5834: 4704:. Animals raised commercially in Mongolia include 3156:. In June 2020, MPP won a landslide victory in the 2193:in 1991 strongly influenced Mongolian politics and 1180:list of northern tribes, presumably related to the 9788:"The foreseeable future of Mongolia's agriculture" 8207:"Members Celebrate 20 Years of Church in Mongolia" 8171: 8169: 7509: 5927: 4516:, and the PRC supplied 36% of Mongolia's imports. 1239:had weakened them. The last head of the tribe was 932:in 1921. Shortly thereafter, the country became a 11345:Mongolia, Facts and Culture on CountryReports.org 11325:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 711–712. 11119: 10887:. Reporters Without Borders. 2013. Archived from 8000: 7939:Mongolian Language Law is effective from July 1st 6934:"1945 ОНД БНМАУ-ААС ХЯТАД УЛСАД ҮЗҮҮЛСЭН ТУСЛАМЖ" 5573:enjoyed some success recently, especially at the 5189:The traditional Mongolian dwelling is known as a 2751:is the principal language of the deaf community. 2739:, is the majority language in Bayan-Ölgii, while 522:1,564,116 km (603,909 sq mi) ( 14778: 13888:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 8735:"Mongolia Just Chose a New President. What Now?" 6615: 5599:is a silver medalist of the 2008 Olympic Games, 5320:had a significant impact on Mongolia, where the 5143:into the fine arts of Mongolia was the painting 3093:guarantees a number of freedoms, including full 2055:between 1937 and 1939, died suspiciously in the 1806:The main trade route during this period was the 14032:Association of East Asian Research Universities 12544: 10834:Indrajit Banerjee; Stephen Logan, eds. (2008). 8615: 8475:Infomongolia.com. June 29, 2012. Archived from 8166: 8134: 7250:"Country Nicknames: Top 40 best nation aliases" 7074: 6492: 5687: 5193:. In the past it was known by the Russian term 4539:analysts determined Mongolia to be one of the " 3132:on 10 August 2012. In 2014, he was replaced by 3038:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2762:there has been a minor revival of the historic 2472:, which will be responsible for an increase in 2350:Köppen climate classification zones in Mongolia 2282:(a small area is north of 52°), and longitudes 1247:eventually united all the Shiwei tribes as the 1075: 1059: 830:, with mountains to the north and west and the 117: 58: 10620: 10524:"The 10 Most Air-Polluted Cities in the World" 10080:"Lonely Planet Mongolia: Choibalsan transport" 9641: 9172:. US embassy in Mongolia, 2005. Archived from 9050: 8395:"Mongolia Looks Into New Parliamentary System" 7965: 6931: 6922:2003, Volume 5. Mongolian Institute of History 6495:A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia 6444: 6442: 6319:Historiography of Ancient Mongolia, Volume III 5905:"Official Documents to be in Mongolian Script" 5342:In its 2013 World Press Freedom Index report, 4989:Mongolian University of Science and Technology 3769:. Ulaanbaatar is administered separately as a 2297:The geography of Mongolia is varied, with the 2240:(APEC) and granting it observer status in the 1966: 1138:("Eternal Sky Fire"); or as a derivation from 14180: 13984:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting 13390: 12887: 12107: 11365: 10137:"Tough challenges in 2014 | UBPost News" 9448: 9446: 9444: 7633: 7631: 7629: 6964:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II 6962:Nohlen, D, Grotz, F & Hartmann, C (2001) 6913: 6096:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Mongolia" 5154:All forms of fine arts flourished only after 4032:National Statistics Office of Mongolia, 2020 4012: 3202:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010) 3124:won the largest number of seats, its leader, 3008:dropped from 100,000 in 1924 to 110 in 1990. 2766:, which is still the official script used by 2754:Today, Mongolian is mainly written using the 1817:, Manchu "high officials", were installed in 1361:(1500–300 BC), culminating with the Iron Age 916:spread to Mongolia, being further led by the 11046:"Mongolia NOC announces sports press awards" 10942:Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2007, p. 268 10288:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 9965:United Nations Public Administration Network 9314:. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. 9306: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9058:50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations 8648:"Opposition leader Mongolia's new president" 8088: 7582:"U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base" 7268:"Nomadic trails in the land of the blue sky" 6294:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6284:] (in Mongolian). Admon. pp. 67–69. 5974:Odonkhuu, Munkhsaikhan (February 12, 2016). 5298:Mongolian media interviewing the opposition 4799:Postal services are provided by state-owned 3025:in 1991 restored public religious practice. 2602:is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. 2220:reshaped the country's political landscape. 2031:against Mongolians were executed, including 1667:After the expulsion of the Yuan rulers from 826:, and much of its area is covered by grassy 10969: 10670: 10668: 10139:. Ubpost.mongolnews.mn. December 26, 2013. 9534:"Mongolian bourse seeks foreign investment" 8260:. Adventistyearbook.org. 16 December 2019. 7701: 6744: 6625:. Cambridge University Press. p. 211. 6573: 6439: 6359: 6240:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 39. 6064: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6049:"MONGOLIAN STATISTICAL INFORMATION SERVICE" 3620: 3617:options for commercial and other disputes. 1923:during the Qing period. In 1919, after the 1520:(Avar Khaganate), Rome (Byzantine Empire), 1288: 14837:States and territories established in 1911 14187: 14173: 13397: 13383: 12894: 12880: 12114: 12100: 11372: 11358: 10688:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10285:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 9441: 9170:"President George W. Bush Visits Mongolia" 8235:. Mongolia-attractions.com. Archived from 7626: 7377:"Climate History for Tsetserleg, Mongolia" 6407: 6391:"Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction" 5436:, Mongolian cuisine is also influenced by 5310:("Truth") newspaper similar to the Soviet 4842:in 2019. Electricity consumption was 7.71 4673:constitutes over 10% of Mongolia's annual 4019: 4005: 3055: 2084:Japanese invasion of neighboring Manchuria 1677:five expeditions led by the Yongle Emperor 153: 13883:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 11309: 10829: 10827: 10647:"ZURAG – a movie about Otgonbayar Ershuu" 10570: 9700: 9669: 9659: 9297: 8346: 8041: 8018: 7574: 7557: 7424: 7313: 7311: 6567: 6330: 6328: 6308: 5591:Several Mongolian women have excelled in 2987:Throughout much of the 20th century, the 2758:, introduced during the 1940s. Since the 2414:, close to the birthplace of Genghis Khan 1950:To eliminate the threat posed by Ungern, 1927:in Russia, Chinese troops led by warlord 1503:Lines 3–5 of the memorial inscription of 10919: 10665: 10195:(in Mongolian). Olloo.mn. Archived from 9728: 8907: 8593:. Agence France Press. 22 January 2021. 6055: 5973: 5666: 5485: 5463: 5356: 5293: 5252: 5171: 5113:In the late 19th century, painters like 5011: 4894: 4882: 4867: 4810: 4766:information and communication technology 4661: 4568: 4484: 4476: 3579:is made of a three-tiered court system: 3505: 3266: 3166: 3065: 3010: 2678: 2630:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs 2605: 2594: 2514: 2447: 2401: 2345: 2257: 2247: 2155: 2069: 1997: 1908:, considered the new republic to be the 1883: 1871: 1766: 1713:in 1578, he ordered the introduction of 1681: 1576: 1565:List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans 1424: 14196:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 11020:International Shooting Sport Federation 10217: 9612: 9610: 9001:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 8850: 8732: 8322: 8282: 7002: 6887: 6461: 6194:(Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2007), 89. 5453: 5401:. The most common rural dish is cooked 5268:, and also the singing styles like the 5043:Confederation of Mongolian Trade Unions 3316:List of diplomatic missions of Mongolia 2434: 2359:(temperature increases with altitude). 2051:, who led a dictatorship and organized 971:Approximately 30% of the population is 930:independence from the Republic of China 820:most sparsely populated sovereign state 14779: 13903:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research 11104:from the original on October 15, 2015. 10824: 10755: 10731: 10729: 10173:from the original on February 12, 2017 10117:from the original on 11 September 2022 9767:from the original on 11 September 2022 9722: 9718:from the original on January 21, 2012. 9494: 9482:from the original on November 22, 2011 9318:from the original on February 17, 2020 9206:from the original on December 20, 2016 9081: 8977:from the original on 25 September 2022 8863:from the original on September 9, 2017 8628:from the original on 17 September 2021 8554: 8500:"Democratic party leads Mongolia poll" 8451:"Freedom in the World, 2024, Mongolia" 7614:from the original on February 17, 2020 7308: 7238:from the original on February 3, 2016. 7024: 6976: 6893: 6757:from the original on December 12, 2013 6622:Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia 6600: 6387:Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. 6381: 6325: 6254:from the original on September 4, 2015 6088: 5990:from the original on February 25, 2016 5969: 5967: 5965: 5827:"Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" 5139:Among the first attempts to introduce 5045:established a network of sanatoriums. 3530:. 200 Mongolian troops are serving in 3224:. He was inaugurated on 10 July 2017. 2610:In settlements, many families live in 2214:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 2164:was the longest-serving leader in the 2137:in 1955, to stop the admission of the 1721:converted to Buddhism and founded the 1686:Genghis Khan, the first Mongol Emperor 1457:, forcing the latter to construct the 952:, Mongolia conducted its own peaceful 897:. After the collapse of the Yuan, the 14168: 13378: 12875: 12095: 11379: 11353: 10974:. CNN.com/world sport. Archived from 10972:"Mongolia wins first-ever gold medal" 10812:from the original on February 6, 2009 10782:from the original on January 11, 2014 10596:"Introduction to the Art of Mongolia" 10534:from the original on January 20, 2013 10521: 10360:from the original on 2 September 2021 10263:from the original on October 16, 2014 10104: 10047: 9754: 9532:Cheng, Patricia (19 September 2006). 9531: 9513:from the original on 6 September 2018 9500: 9336: 9124:from the original on 2 September 2018 9114:"Mongolia Embassies & Consulates" 9025: 8964: 8946:from the original on 28 November 2022 8933: 8851:Dierkes, Julian (February 16, 2018). 8819: 8536:from the original on February 8, 2013 8392: 8276: 8106: 8104: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7816:from the original on October 21, 2013 7516:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). 7410: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7357:from the original on January 10, 2014 7351:"Arkhangai Meteorological Department" 7278:from the original on 22 October 2014. 7256:from the original on January 1, 2016. 7212:from the original on January 10, 2014 7182:from the original on November 1, 2012 6817:The Slavonic and East European Review 6726:from the original on 15 February 2023 6713: 6670: 6555:from the original on February 3, 2015 6474:from the original on 2 September 2022 6315:Монголын эртний түүх судлал, III боть 6172:from the original on October 13, 2007 6013: 6011: 6009: 5812: 5378:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 3756:Clickable map of Mongolian provinces. 2743:is another Turkic language spoken in 2390:) and northern Ovorkhangai Province ( 1488:, in 576. They were succeeded by the 12121: 10959:from the original on March 30, 2015. 10909:from the original on March 14, 2017. 10794: 10553:James D Byrne; John A Baugh (2008). 10310:from the original on 22 October 2023 10281: 10060:from the original on 24 January 2023 9785: 9607: 9525: 9007:from the original on August 14, 2015 8597:from the original on 11 October 2021 8567:from the original on 18 January 2021 8497: 8316: 8264:from the original on 9 February 2018 8020:10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-6-158-181 7746:"Fertility rate: children per woman" 6998:from the original on March 23, 2014. 6695:from the original on 16 January 2023 6493:David Christian (16 December 1998). 6137:United Nations Development Programme 6122: 6029:from the original on January 9, 2021 5698:), to compete with their birds. The 5352: 4940:Chinggis Khaan International Airport 4625: 3534:on a UN mandate to protect the UN's 3526:. About 130 troops were deployed to 3303:since the group's founding in 1992. 3256: 3227:In June 2021, former Prime Minister 3112:. The non-governmental organization 2683:Public Library and Museum in Mörön, 1013:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 14822:Member states of the United Nations 10905:. Reporters Without Borders. 2016. 10743:from the original on April 15, 2013 10726: 10522:Walsh, Bryan (September 27, 2011). 10003:. International Energy Agency (IEA) 9974:from the original on August 9, 2016 9729:Jamasmie, Cecilia (28 April 2020). 9694:Mongolian Statistical Yearbook 2018 9280:MONGOLIAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2020 9084:"Why Mongolia matters to Joe Biden" 8688:from the original on 14 August 2021 8658:from the original on 18 August 2021 8555:Sambuu, Boldsaikhan (7 July 2020). 8067: 7020:from the original on July 26, 2010. 6869:"Mongolia: The Bhudda and the Khan" 6415:"Mongolia: Ethnography of Mongolia" 6233: 6227: 6110:from the original on 1 January 2020 5962: 5272:("long song"), and throat-singing ( 4692:Crops produced in Mongolia include 4558: 4028:Largest cities or towns in Mongolia 1537:Mongol empire to early 20th century 13: 14611:Commonwealth of Independent States 11251:Chief of State and Cabinet Members 11112: 11016:"World ranking: 25 m Pistol Women" 10653:from the original on July 29, 2013 10602:from the original on March 6, 2013 10230:from the original on 25 March 2023 10218:Dovchin, Sender (4 October 2021). 10143:from the original on April 1, 2014 9708:"Booming Mongolia: Mine, all mine" 9349:from the original on 25 March 2023 9226:"Эвлэрүүлэн зуучлалын тухай хууль" 9094:from the original on 25 March 2023 8405:from the original on 25 March 2023 8366:from the original on March 4, 2016 8213:from the original on July 10, 2019 8187:from the original on 25 March 2023 8101: 7874:Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем 7828: 7756:from the original on 18 March 2024 7651:from the original on July 21, 2013 7453:from the original on 29 March 2021 7395: 7383:from the original on June 16, 2013 7056:from the original on 13 April 2021 6944:from the original on 4 August 2020 6932:Боржигон Хүсэл (18 January 2015). 6829:Кузьмин, С.Л.; ; Оюунчимэг, Ж.; . 6806:Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 194–195 6673:"The Birth of the Oyirad Khanship" 6549:"Memorial Complex of Bilge Khagan" 6404:. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011. 6360:Pulleyblank, Edwin George (1991). 6146:from the original on 13 March 2024 6130:"Human Development Report 2023/24" 6006: 5746:Index of Mongolia-related articles 2810:largest group of Mongolians abroad 2019:In 1930, the Soviet Union stopped 1912:of the Qing. Bogd Khaan said that 1906:President of the Republic of China 1477:(555–745), an even larger empire. 1413:(1046–256 BC) presaged the age of 1146:, first attested as the 'Mungu', ( 14: 14848: 11223: 10932:from the original on 30 May 2016. 10836:Asian communication handbook 2008 10497:"Goal 4 – Reduce Child Mortality" 10386:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 10220:"The Rise of English in Mongolia" 10193:"Зургаан настнууд зутрах шинжтэй" 10086:from the original on May 14, 2011 9589:"Ease of Doing Business rankings" 9082:Levick, Ewen (17 November 2020). 8832:from the original on 25 July 2023 8745:from the original on 31 July 2021 8678:"Mongolia nominates a new leader" 8510:from the original on July 5, 2012 8154:from the original on May 11, 2011 8122:from the original on May 14, 2013 7972:(2 ed.). London: Routledge. 7806:"Second wave of Chinese invasion" 7786:from the original on 5 April 2023 7683:from the original on May 11, 2013 7427:"The Society and Its Environment" 7146:"Country Comparison :: Area" 7038:from the original on May 8, 2013. 6871:. Orient Magazine. Archived from 6716:"History of Buddhism in Mongolia" 6529:from the original on May 22, 2010 5660:, held a reception for the team. 5588:is the top domestic competition. 5571:Mongolia national basketball team 5516:Other sports such as basketball, 5471:is the largest summer celebration 4995:in 2023, down from 53rd in 2019. 4857: 4803:and 54 other licensed operators. 4749: 4744: 4553:International Finance Corporation 3328:in the following world capitals: 2242:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 2238:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2216:to the current social democratic 1841: 1142:, the 4th-century founder of the 14710: 14697: 14684: 14671: 14658: 14645: 14616: 14582: 14569: 14556: 14543: 14530: 14517: 14504: 14491: 14478: 14465: 14452: 14439: 14426: 14413: 14389: 14365: 14352: 14339: 14326: 14313: 14300: 14287: 14274: 14261: 14248: 14067:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute 13479: 13356: 13345: 13344: 13171: 11526: 11329: 11123:Mongolia: Land of the Deer Stone 11090: 11078:from the original on 28 May 2018 11064: 11038: 11008: 10990: 10963: 10945: 10913: 10903:"2016 World Press Freedom Index" 10895: 10877: 10852: 10696: 10639: 10614: 10587: 10546: 10515: 10489: 10467:"Health care system in Mongolia" 10449: 10402: 10372: 10342: 10275: 10242: 10211: 10185: 10155: 10129: 10105:Adiya, Amar (8 September 2022). 10098: 10072: 10041: 9949: 9895: 9869: 9843: 9811: 9798: 9755:Adiya, Amar (8 September 2022). 9748: 9686: 9635: 9581: 9564:"Mongolia Market Capitalization" 9556: 9501:Jeffs, Luke (12 February 2007). 9464: 9415: 9390: 9330: 9270: 9244: 9232:from the original on May 9, 2016 9218: 9188: 9162: 9150:from the original on May 3, 2011 9136: 9106: 9075: 9038:from the original on 1 July 2022 9019: 8989: 8958: 8927: 8901: 8875: 8844: 8813: 8801:from the original on 18 May 2022 8783: 8757: 8726: 8700: 7610:. State.gov. February 28, 2010. 7414: 6831:"Буддизм и революция в Монголии" 6427:from the original on 6 July 2008 5830: 5730: 5716: 5567:began in Mongolia in the 1990s. 5098:were usually painted or made in 5041:focuses on preventive work. The 5004:This section is an excerpt from 4846:. Mongolia is a big producer of 4823:This section is an excerpt from 4755:This section is an excerpt from 4630: 4618:This section is an excerpt from 4463:Under Ulaanbaatar administration 4106: 4096: 3637: 3610:and appointed by the President. 3301:The Forum of Small States (FOSS) 2703:family, the standard dialect is 2579:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2442:Environmental issues in Mongolia 2440:This section is an excerpt from 2184: 1725:monastery in 1585. His grandson 1500:(1125–1206) rose to prominence. 1259:tribes united under the rule of 710: 709: 667: 666: 648: 647: 615: 614: 596: 595: 144: 96: 82: 10953:"Монголын Чөлөөт Бөхийн Холбоо" 10762:Ole Bruun; Ole Odgaard (1996). 10704:"Cultural Heritage of Mongolia" 10594:Terese Tse Bartholomew (1995). 9507:Dow Jones Financial News Online 8733:Dierkes, Julian (8 July 2017). 8670: 8640: 8609: 8579: 8548: 8522: 8491: 8465: 8443: 8417: 8386: 8225: 8061: 8035: 7994: 7959: 7932: 7913: 7888: 7862: 7798: 7768: 7738: 7695: 7663: 7600: 7491: 7465: 7369: 7343: 7282: 7260: 7242: 7224: 7194: 7168: 7138: 7112: 7068: 7042: 6956: 6925: 6894:Thomas, Natalie (4 June 2018). 6861: 6841: 6822: 6809: 6804:The Modern History of Mongolia. 6796: 6769: 6738: 6707: 6664: 6646: 6609: 6594: 6541: 6525:. Spiegel.de. August 25, 2006. 6511: 6486: 6455: 6353: 6302: 6274:National University of Mongolia 6266: 6197: 6184: 6158: 5772: 5674:hunters in Mongolia with eagles 5582:Mongolia national football team 5318:dissolution of the Soviet Union 5161: 4985:National University of Mongolia 4774:Mobile phones are common, with 3889: 3564: 3140:won a landslide victory in the 3116:considers Mongolia to be free. 2826:Freedom of religion in Mongolia 2584: 2191:dissolution of the Soviet Union 2168:, with over 44 years in office. 2125:After the establishment of the 1888:Map of unified Mongolia in 1917 1740:The last Khagan of Mongols was 1709:in 1557. After he met with the 1612:in the east, and from parts of 1420: 1329:, earning it the nickname "the 1227:. However, their wars with the 14014:EAFF E-1 Football Championship 13989:East Asian Football Federation 13286:British Indian Ocean Territory 10970:Mark Bixler (15 August 2008). 10350:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 9372:"CIA World Factbook, Mongolia" 8934:Adiya, Amar (26 August 2022). 8767:(in Mongolian). Archived from 8498:Hook, Leslie (June 29, 2012). 8116:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 7776:"Mongolia – Climate and soils" 7092:University of California Press 6776:Michael Edmund Clarke (2004). 6041: 5943:(in Mongolian). Archived from 5911:. 21 June 2011. Archived from 5897: 5763: 5688: 5475:The main national festival is 5089: 4757:Telecommunications in Mongolia 4612: 3615:alternative dispute resolution 3299:Mongolia has been a member of 3231:, the candidate of the ruling 2834:(population aged 15 and above) 2806:Mongolians work in South Korea 2303:Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 2229:transition to a market economy 2199:peaceful Democratic Revolution 1266:Since the adoption of the new 1223:became a leading tribe on the 1103: 1: 14062:Journal of East Asian Studies 13999:East Asian Judo Championships 13846:East Asia Climate Partnership 13404: 11022:. 29 May 2007. Archived from 10163:"Mongolian People's Republic" 9937:. Central Intelligence Agency 9337:Adiya, Amar (25 April 2020). 9196:"Judicial System of Mongolia" 9026:Adiya, Amar (26 April 2022). 8068:Han, Jae-hyuck (5 May 2006). 7639:"WPP2006_Highlights_0823.doc" 7425:DeGlopper, Donald R. (1991). 7300:. 7 July 2004. Archived from 7294:A Real Mongolian Tear-Jerker" 6462:Gibbons, Ann (10 June 2015). 5890: 5769:Also spelled as "Ulan Bator". 5650:2017 Bandy World Championship 4795:providers are also available. 4505:of the world's raw cashmere. 4489:View of Ulaanbaatar with the 3263:Foreign relations of Mongolia 3175:with U.S. Secretary of State 1596:. In 1206, he took the title 956:in early 1990. This led to a 14085:Horses in East Asian warfare 13628:other ethnic groups in China 11311:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch 11243:Mongolia Government Overview 11191:Background notes on Mongolia 9538:International Herald-Tribune 9398:"The World Bank in Mongolia" 8965:Adiya, Amar (28 July 2021). 8820:Adiya, Amar (25 July 2023). 8393:Adiya, Amar (30 June 2022). 8048:News.MN - The source of news 7475:. Gis.wwf.mn. Archived from 7010:"The veto and how to use it" 4957: 3773:with provincial status. The 3761:Mongolia is divided into 21 3613:Arbitration centres provide 3309: 2674: 2566:) and Daurian pearl oyster ( 2522:by sand dunes in Gobi Desert 2151:China and the United Nations 2053:Stalinist purges in Mongolia 2041:Stalinist purges in Mongolia 1864:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 1856:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 1848:Mongolian Revolution of 1911 1524:, Uch-Kurykan, Otuz-Tatars, 1030: 7: 11564:Historical cities and towns 11501:Mongolian People's Republic 11335:Wikimedia Atlas of Mongolia 11273:Central Intelligence Agency 11185:Central Intelligence Agency 10926:Asian Development Bank Blog 10802:"Country Profile: Mongolia" 10048:Adiya, Amar (8 June 2020). 9958:"White Paper 2011 Mongolia" 9819:"Statistical Yearbook 2002" 9458:International Monetary Fund 9312:"Background Note: Mongolia" 9003:. Government of Australia. 8857:WPR – World Politics Review 8532:. UBPost. August 10, 2012. 8348:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 8209:. churchofjesuschrist.org. 8042:Б.Анхтуяа (2 August 2023). 7870:"Монгол хэлний тухай хууль" 7176:"Mongolian Forestry Sector" 6074:International Monetary Fund 5793: 5709: 5694: 5119:Mongolian People's Republic 5051:, Mongolia's capital city, 5039:Mongolian Red Cross Society 5016:Life expectancy in Mongolia 4530:International Monetary Fund 3771:capital city (municipality) 3495: 3324:in other countries and has 3044:was named Mongolia's first 2815: 2504: 2464:is a key issue in Mongolia. 2197:. Its people undertook the 2139:Mongolian People's Republic 2105: 2045:Mongolian People's Republic 2025:Mongolian People's Republic 1985:Mongolian People's Republic 1967:Mongolian People's Republic 1939:Russian Lieutenant General 1860:Mongolian People's Republic 1690:In the early 16th century, 1480:The Göktürks laid siege to 948:. After the anti-communist 942:Mongolian People's Republic 881:, which became the largest 482:Mongolian People's Republic 465:Declaration of independence 131:National Anthem of Mongolia 124: 10: 14853: 14139:Needham Research Institute 14047:East Asia Image Collection 14042:East Asian Economic Review 13477: 13290:British Overseas Territory 12903:Countries and dependencies 10920:Enkhbold, Enerelt (2016). 10559:McGill Journal of Medicine 9060:. World Scientific. 2015. 7929:, Montsame, 18 March 2020. 7542:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 6985:因常任理事国投反对票而未获通过的决议草案或修正案各段 6747:"Kazakhstan to c. 1700 ce" 6337:The Phonology of Mongolian 5457: 5389:predominantly consists of 5377: 5361:From smallest to largest: 5337:Freedom of Information Act 5287: 5246: 5165: 5071: 5067: 5003: 4961: 4861: 4822: 4754: 4617: 4562: 4470: 4466: 4095: 3997: 3896:List of cities in Mongolia 3893: 3624: 3568: 3499: 3313: 3260: 3059: 2819: 2588: 2508: 2439: 2339:Climate change in Mongolia 2332: 2328: 2251: 2205:and the introduction of a 2127:People's Republic of China 2088:Soviet-Japanese Border War 1987:was established. In 1928, 1868:History of modern Mongolia 1845: 1799:in Russia became known as 1562: 1540: 1345:culture was active to the 1292: 1281: 1277: 391:Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene 357:semi-presidential republic 125:Mongol ulsyn töriin duulal 119:Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал 25: 18: 14827:Northeast Asian countries 14726: 14637: 14598: 14405: 14381: 14238: 14202: 14129: 14075: 14022: 13974: 13936: 13918:Human rights in East Asia 13869: 13836: 13803:Sino-Xenic pronunciations 13648: 13488: 13412: 13330: 13303: 13272: 13256: 13235: 13222: 13180: 13169: 12913: 12853: 12759: 12729: 12621: 12501: 12494: 12345: 12236: 12129: 12058: 11962: 11877: 11868: 11813: 11804: 11690: 11681: 11544: 11535: 11524: 11391: 11164:, Encyclopædia Britannica 10380:"Global Innovation Index" 9929:"Mongolia Communications" 9907:World Health Organization 9200:Supreme Court of Mongolia 7716:10.1080/17441730902992067 7435:Federal Research Division 7431:Mongolia: a country study 7353:. Icc.mn. June 24, 2013. 6209:Michigan State University 5782: 5620:Dolgorsürengiin Dagvadorj 5344:Reporters Without Borders 5049:World Health Organization 4998: 4919:in Russia at the town of 4816:Thermal Power Plant No. 4 4806: 4639:This article needs to be 3954: Bayankhongor (1.0%) 3906: Ulaanbaatar (44.2%) 3636: 3597:Supreme Court of Mongolia 3294:foreign direct investment 3162:Luvsannamsrai Oyun-Erdene 3016:Amarbayasgalant Monastery 2476:, natural disasters, and 2234:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 1335:Venus figurines of Mal'ta 1189: 1151: 1125: 1114: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1076: 1069: 1060: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1037: 1005:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 885:in history. His grandson 781: 769: 757: 744: 729: 699: 679: 660: 641: 627: 608: 589: 571: 561: 547: 540: 530: 516: 509: 505: 492: 478: 461: 447: 434: 421: 417: 410: 400: 396: 381: 366: 362: 349: 336: 286: 238: 215: 205: 161: 152: 137: 118: 112: 78: 59: 37: 21:Mongolia (disambiguation) 14744:SCO Interbank Consortium 11741:Administrative divisions 11431:Eastern Turkic Khaganate 11238:(in English and Russian) 11201:, US Department of State 11086:– via PressReader. 9661:10.3390/economies7020051 8997:"Mongolia Country Brief" 7704:Asian Population Studies 6984: 6938:Mongolia Journals Online 6802:Bawden, Charles (1968): 6671:Junko, Miyawaki (1997). 6168:. Time Temperature.com. 5810:Mongolian pronunciation: 5756: 5460:Mongolia at the Olympics 5283: 5242: 5184:Gurvan Saikhan Mountains 5168:Architecture of Mongolia 4545:Mongolian Stock Exchange 4541:global growth generating 3765:and subdivided into 330 3621:Administrative divisions 3604:Judicial General Council 3320:Mongolia maintains many 3233:Mongolian People's Party 3106:Mongolian People's Party 3091:constitution of Mongolia 2691:Mongolia's official and 2627:U.S. Department of State 2591:Demographics of Mongolia 2321:in Russia, is a natural 2218:Mongolian People's Party 1852:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia 1791:of Mongolia had immense 1559:Mongolia under Qing rule 1547:Mongolia under Yuan rule 1405:) into China during the 1289:Prehistory and antiquity 1268:Constitution of Mongolia 1025:World Trade Organization 567:2.24/km (5.8/sq mi) 26:Not to be confused with 14004:East Asian martial arts 13951:Archaeological cultures 13248:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 11322:Encyclopædia Britannica 11210:25 October 2013 at the 10437:. JAMA. 1 December 2006 10282:WIPO (7 January 2024). 8324:Shugart, Matthew Søberg 8284:Shugart, Matthew Søberg 8233:"Religions in Mongolia" 7379:. Weather Underground. 7034:. Global Policy Forum. 6751:Encyclopædia Britannica 6677:Central Asiatic Journal 6656:(卷一四一，列传第二八 ed.). 6420:Encyclopædia Britannica 5704:Thousand Camel Festival 5586:Mongolia Premier League 5554:Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar 5405:. In the city, steamed 4993:Global Innovation Index 4944:MIAT Mongolian Airlines 4913:Trans-Mongolian Railway 4671:Agriculture in Mongolia 4620:Agriculture in Mongolia 4603:initial public offering 4597:the development of the 3948: Arvaikheer (1.0%) 3924: Choibalsan (1.4%) 3553:. On 21 November 2005, 3518:Mongolia supported the 3056:Government and politics 2749:Mongolian Sign Language 2094:in 1939 and during the 2092:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 1914:both Mongolia and China 867:Second Turkic Khaganate 206:Official languages 14131:Science and technology 14115:The Book of Five Rings 14009:East Asian Youth Games 13306:Special administrative 13282:(Sovereign Base Areas) 11995:Goyol Fashion Festival 11785:Chief of General Staff 11173:9 January 2021 at the 10863:. New York: Springer. 10765:Mongolia in Transition 10251:"Development Progress" 9427:Asian Development Bank 8587:"Mongolian PM resigns" 8381:, Poland, and Senegal. 7948:, Gogo, 1 July 2015. " 7324:. 2004. Archived from 7319:"Republic of Mongolia" 6497:. Wiley. p. 101. 5695:Mönkhbayart Batsaikhan 5675: 5628:Mönkhbatyn Davaajargal 5605:Tsogbadrakhyn Mönkhzul 5495: 5472: 5374: 5303: 5261: 5186: 5017: 4917:Trans-Siberian Railway 4908: 4892: 4880: 4819: 4675:gross domestic product 4667: 4577: 4493: 4482: 3515: 3502:Mongolian Armed Forces 3280: 3275:and Vladimir Putin in 3180: 3134:Chimediin Saikhanbileg 3074: 3050:Seventh-day Adventists 3018: 2998:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 2831:Religions in Mongolia 2768:Mongols in neighboring 2688: 2618: 2603: 2523: 2465: 2415: 2351: 2267: 2169: 2079: 2010:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 2006: 2003:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 1989:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 1889: 1881: 1838:), in Outer Mongolia. 1779: 1731:Jebtsundamba Khutughtu 1687: 1585: 1534: 1430: 1377:, and rock paintings. 1215:After the fall of the 1023:. Mongolia joined the 964:, and transition to a 928:, and achieved actual 883:contiguous land empire 863:First Turkic Khaganate 652:$ 18.782 billion ( 600:$ 52.989 billion ( 13414:Countries and regions 13280:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 11756:Third neighbor policy 11456:Northern Yuan dynasty 11287:UCB Libraries GovPubs 11278:Mongolia Travel Guide 10891:on February 15, 2013. 10435:"Surgery in Mongolia" 10167:TheFreeDictionary.com 9478:. February 22, 2011. 8098:. BRILL, 2014. p. 152 7978:10.4324/9781003198345 7925:5 August 2020 at the 7810:Sydney Morning Herald 7522:Nature Communications 7152:. CIA. Archived from 6234:Sik, Ko Swan (1990). 6205:"Mongolia – Religion" 5680:Golden Eagle Festival 5670: 5658:Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 5654:President of Mongolia 5652:after which the then 5489: 5467: 5360: 5300:Mongolian Green Party 5297: 5256: 5175: 5104:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 5015: 4964:Education in Mongolia 4898: 4886: 4871: 4864:Transport in Mongolia 4830:Mongolia had a total 4814: 4665: 4572: 4549:market capitalisation 4488: 4480: 3631:Districts of Mongolia 3627:Provinces of Mongolia 3577:judiciary of Mongolia 3571:Judiciary of Mongolia 3520:2003 invasion of Iraq 3509: 3273:Khaltmaagiin Battulga 3270: 3241:presidential election 3220:won the presidential 3218:Khaltmaagiin Battulga 3194:Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj 3185:President of Mongolia 3171:Mongolia's President 3170: 3154:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh 3095:freedom of expression 3069: 3014: 2682: 2609: 2598: 2518: 2451: 2405: 2370:), western Khovsgol ( 2357:temperature inversion 2349: 2261: 2254:Geography of Mongolia 2248:Geography and climate 2159: 2135:Security Council veto 2073: 2001: 1887: 1878:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 1875: 1789:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 1770: 1685: 1650:Northern Yuan dynasty 1584:expansion (1206–1294) 1580: 1573:List of Mongol rulers 1569:List of Mongol states 1551:Northern Yuan dynasty 1513: 1428: 1353:(2nd millennium BC), 1341:(3500–2500 BC); this 954:democratic revolution 926:declared independence 912:In the 16th century, 873:and others. In 1206, 532:• Water (%) 449:• Completion of 376:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh 14817:Landlocked countries 14802:East Asian countries 14749:Eurasian Land Bridge 14590:United Arab Emirates 14154:Traditional medicine 14052:East Asia Law Review 13908:East Asian Community 13598:Indigenous Taiwanese 13148:United Arab Emirates 12015:Traditional medicine 11734:Constitutional Court 11576:Environmental issues 11406:Prehistoric Mongolia 11160:14 June 2008 at the 10082:. Lonelyplanet.com. 9808:, p. 18. Berlin 1993 9714:. January 21, 2012. 8908:Papachristou, Lucy. 8076:on 30 September 2007 7950:Misinterpretation 1: 7944:9 April 2022 at the 7900:MONTSAME News Agency 7433:. Washington, D.C.: 7126:on December 27, 2015 6920:History of Mongolia, 6576:"To Rule the Earth…" 6450:Mongolen (catalogue) 5640:, which happened in 5601:Munkhbayar Dorjsuren 5454:Sports and festivals 5230:. An example of the 4907:in Khovsgol Province 3936: Nalaikh (1.2%) 3918: Darkhan (2.6%) 3912: Erdenet (3.1%) 3589:Ulaanbaatar district 3271:Mongolian President 3062:Politics of Mongolia 2822:Religion in Mongolia 2642:total fertility rate 2577:Mongolia had a 2019 2572:exopalaemon modestus 2564:cambaroides dauricus 2511:Wildlife of Mongolia 2435:Environmental issues 2374:), eastern Zavkhan ( 2364:Siberian Anticyclone 2174:Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal 2172:On 26 January 1952, 2162:Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal 1616:in the north to the 1295:Prehistoric Mongolia 1017:Non-Aligned Movement 962:constitution of 1992 893:and established the 549:• 2023 estimate 496:Current constitution 16:Country in East Asia 13579:Khalkha in Mongolia 13183:States with limited 11700:State Great Khural 11491:Soviet intervention 11257:General information 11197:4 June 2019 at the 11140:on October 20, 2013 11004:on 31 October 2013. 10739:. Press reference. 10477:on 22 November 2018 10390:on 2 September 2021 10294:10.34667/tind.46596 10023:"Mongolia and coal" 9786:Enkhbold, Enerelt. 9176:on 29 February 2008 8684:. 29 October 2009. 8561:The Washington Post 7812:. August 13, 2007. 7588:on 11 December 2007 7534:2020NatCo..11.5978G 7479:on January 10, 2014 7439:Library of Congress 7298:National Geographic 7208:. August 30, 2012. 7156:on February 9, 2014 6991:(in Chinese). 聯合國. 6714:Alexander, Berzin. 6282:History of Mongolia 5814:[mɔŋɢəɮʊɮs] 5751:Outline of Mongolia 5689:Мөнхбаярт Батсайхан 5626:. In January 2015, 5565:Professional boxing 5548:Freestyle wrestling 5510:Mongolian wrestling 5418:continental climate 5369:(dried curds), and 5074:Culture of Mongolia 4784:Wireless local loop 4776:provincial capitals 4666:Mongolian landscape 4473:Economy of Mongolia 3585:provincial district 3322:diplomatic missions 3126:Norovyn Altankhuyag 2974:Mongolian shamanism 2836: 2568:dahurinaia dahurica 2335:Climate of Mongolia 2323:World Heritage Site 2096:Soviet–Japanese War 1971:In 1924, after the 1784:Dzungar were killed 1459:Great Wall of China 1409:(1600–1046 BC) and 1357:(2300–1000 BC) and 1306:Khoit Tsenkher Cave 1284:History of Mongolia 1237:Tatar confederation 1172:), a branch of the 1021:NATO global partner 950:revolutions of 1989 425:Xiongnu Confederacy 186: / 14057:East Asian studies 13753:Hip-and-gable roof 13748:Chinese characters 12857:Donghu and Xianbei 12213:Mongolian nobility 12164:Slab Grave culture 11939:List of Mongolians 11846:Telecommunications 11486:Chinese occupation 11268:The World Factbook 11180:The World Factbook 10708:Indiana University 10676:Искусство Монголии 10503:on 21 October 2009 9934:The World Factbook 9423:"Mongolia and ADB" 9378:. CIA. 28 May 2024 9376:CIA World Factbook 8889:. CIA. 28 May 2024 8887:CIA World Factbook 8286:(September 2005). 8258:"Mongolia Mission" 7150:The World Factbook 6849:Догсомын Бодоо 1/2 6619:(March 25, 2004). 6190:Michael Jerryson, 6100:data.worldbank.org 6023:The World Factbook 5984:International IDEA 5950:on 7 November 2020 5915:on 1 November 2011 5676: 5638:Asian Winter Games 5597:Otryadyn Gündegmaa 5542:mixed martial arts 5496: 5473: 5409:filled with meat—" 5375: 5304: 5262: 5187: 5018: 5006:Health in Mongolia 4909: 4893: 4881: 4825:Energy in Mongolia 4820: 4668: 4578: 4565:Mining in Mongolia 4494: 4483: 3960: Khovd (1.0%) 3942: Ölgii (1.2%) 3930: Mörön (1.3%) 3763:provinces (aimags) 3516: 3514:in Eastern Siberia 3286:Power of Siberia 2 3281: 3210:Batbold Sukhbaatar 3190:Nambaryn Enkhbayar 3181: 3087:State Great Khural 3075: 3073:chamber in session 3071:State Great Khural 3019: 2830: 2699:. A member of the 2689: 2623:U.S. Census Bureau 2619: 2604: 2539:rain shadow effect 2524: 2466: 2416: 2352: 2268: 2207:multi-party system 2170: 2160:Mongolian Premier 2110:The February 1945 2080: 2007: 1925:October Revolution 1890: 1882: 1780: 1688: 1586: 1431: 1333:of Mongolia". The 1253:Yekhe Monggol Ulus 1176:in an 8th-century 1055:Mongolian Cyrillic 979:remains integral. 958:multi-party system 838:, the capital and 804:landlocked country 637:2023 estimate 585:2023 estimate 405:State Great Khural 240:Ethnic groups 14797:Countries in Asia 14774: 14773: 14754:Working languages 14406:Dialogue partners 14162: 14161: 13913:Four Asian Tigers 13372: 13371: 13299: 13298: 12869: 12868: 12849: 12848: 12617: 12616: 12144:Mongolian Plateau 12089: 12088: 12054: 12053: 11864: 11863: 11800: 11799: 11792:Political parties 11751:Foreign relations 11677: 11676: 11133:978-1-888899-57-3 10978:on 22 August 2008 10870:978-0-387-22685-9 10845:978-981-4136-10-5 10775:978-0-7007-0441-5 10632:978-3-534-03579-3 10303:978-92-805-3432-0 9544:on 20 August 2007 9290:978-99978-758-9-1 9067:978-981-4713-03-0 8326:(December 2005). 8304:on 19 August 2008 8118:. July 11, 1921. 7987:978-1-003-19834-5 7855:978-1-317-35449-9 7750:Our World in Data 7331:on 2 October 2006 6875:on 18 August 2010 6792:on 10 April 2008. 6745:Edward Allworth. 6632:978-0-521-60270-9 6574:Bruce R. Gordon. 6504:978-0-631-20814-3 6397:on 25 April 2012. 6278:Монгол улсын түүх 6215:on March 15, 2015 6139:. 13 March 2024. 6076:. 10 October 2023 5791: 5646:the national team 5504:Damdin Sükhbaatar 5387:Mongolian cuisine 5380:Mongolian cuisine 5353:Mongolian cuisine 5290:Media of Mongolia 5249:Music of Mongolia 5123:socialist realism 4970:People's Republic 4660: 4659: 4460: 4459: 3966: Other (42%) 3257:Foreign relations 3229:Ukhnaa Khurelsukh 3173:Tsakhia Elbegdorj 3079:semi-presidential 3023:fall of communism 2966:, while 39% were 2960: 2959: 2835: 2756:Cyrillic alphabet 2701:Mongolic language 2693:national language 2558:form part of the 2498:industrialization 2458:Ömnögovi Province 2408:Khentii Mountains 2396:Khangai Mountains 2143:Republic of China 2131:Republic of China 2023:migration to the 1983:was changed. The 1933:Russian Civil War 1898:Republic of China 1836:tamgatai khutuktu 1758:Dzungar–Qing Wars 1729:became the first 1375:square slab tombs 1355:Andronovo culture 1347:Khangai Mountains 1339:Afanasevo culture 1257:Mongolic-speaking 1225:Mongolian Plateau 1208: 1199: 1168: 1159: 1118: 1117: 1110: 1109: 975:or semi-nomadic; 944:was founded as a 907:Tumen Zasagt Khan 814:to the north and 797: 796: 693:medium inequality 662:• Per capita 610:• Per capita 14844: 14716: 14714: 14713: 14703: 14701: 14700: 14690: 14688: 14687: 14677: 14675: 14674: 14664: 14662: 14661: 14651: 14649: 14648: 14622: 14620: 14619: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14575: 14573: 14572: 14562: 14560: 14559: 14549: 14547: 14546: 14536: 14534: 14533: 14523: 14521: 14520: 14510: 14508: 14507: 14497: 14495: 14494: 14484: 14482: 14481: 14471: 14469: 14468: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14445: 14443: 14442: 14432: 14430: 14429: 14419: 14417: 14416: 14395: 14393: 14392: 14371: 14369: 14368: 14358: 14356: 14355: 14345: 14343: 14342: 14332: 14330: 14329: 14319: 14317: 14316: 14306: 14304: 14303: 14293: 14291: 14290: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14267: 14265: 14264: 14254: 14252: 14251: 14189: 14182: 14175: 14166: 14165: 14097:Miyamoto Musashi 13994:East Asian Games 13966:Former countries 13898:East Asia Summit 13728:Chinese knotting 13483: 13399: 13392: 13385: 13376: 13375: 13360: 13348: 13347: 13308:regions of China 13243:Christmas Island 13233: 13232: 13175: 12915:Sovereign states 12896: 12889: 12882: 12873: 12872: 12546:Southern Mongols 12542: 12541: 12499: 12498: 12149:Mongol heartland 12123:Mongolic peoples 12116: 12109: 12102: 12093: 12092: 12074: 12067: 12041: 12040:(New Year's Day) 12028: 11980: 11907:Southern Mongols 11875: 11874: 11841: 11811: 11810: 11721: 11703: 11688: 11687: 11542: 11541: 11530: 11426:Rouran Khaganate 11374: 11367: 11360: 11351: 11350: 11333: 11332: 11326: 11318: 11316:"Mongolia" 11292:Mongolia profile 11247: 11239: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11136:. Archived from 11126:. Lodima Press. 11106: 11105: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11068: 11062: 11061: 11059: 11057: 11052:on 19 April 2014 11048:. Archived from 11042: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11031: 11026:on 25 April 2007 11012: 11006: 11005: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10983: 10967: 10961: 10960: 10949: 10943: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10881: 10875: 10874: 10856: 10850: 10849: 10831: 10822: 10821: 10819: 10817: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10737:"Mongolia media" 10733: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10710:. Archived from 10700: 10694: 10693: 10687: 10679: 10672: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10658: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10618: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10598:. asianart.com. 10591: 10585: 10584: 10574: 10550: 10544: 10543: 10541: 10539: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10510: 10508: 10493: 10487: 10486: 10484: 10482: 10473:. Archived from 10463: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10431: 10425: 10424: 10422: 10420: 10406: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10384:INSEAD Knowledge 10376: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10346: 10340: 10339: 10333: 10329: 10327: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10262: 10255: 10246: 10240: 10239: 10237: 10235: 10215: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10045: 10039: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10029:. 4 January 2018 10019: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10008: 9993: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9973: 9962: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9925: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9855:World Bank Group 9847: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9831:on 25 March 2009 9830: 9823: 9815: 9809: 9804:Werner Elstner: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9726: 9720: 9719: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9673: 9663: 9639: 9633: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9585: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9540:. Archived from 9529: 9523: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9498: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9487: 9476:Business Insider 9468: 9462: 9461: 9450: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9394: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9368: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9308: 9295: 9294: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9192: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9166: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9118:EmbassyPages.com 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9079: 9073: 9071: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8797:. 10 June 2021. 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8390: 8384: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8365: 8350: 8332: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8303: 8297:. Archived from 8292: 8280: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8173: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8153: 8146: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8108: 8099: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8022: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7963: 7957: 7936: 7930: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7841: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7802: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7772: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7584:. Archived from 7578: 7572: 7571: 7561: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7469: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7330: 7323: 7315: 7306: 7305: 7304:on 4 March 2016. 7286: 7280: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7252:. May 31, 2013. 7246: 7240: 7239: 7228: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7217: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7085: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6990: 6980: 6974: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6865: 6859: 6850: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6837:on 6 March 2016. 6826: 6820: 6813: 6807: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6784: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6617:Thomas T. Allsen 6613: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6578:. Archived from 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6459: 6453: 6446: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6393:. Archived from 6385: 6379: 6377: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6332: 6323: 6322: 6306: 6300: 6299: 6293: 6285: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6211:. Archived from 6201: 6195: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6145: 6134: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6066: 6053: 6052: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6015: 6004: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5971: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5942: 5934: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5901: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5799:Mongolian script 5796: 5786: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5740: 5738:Geography portal 5735: 5734: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5575:East Asian Games 5413:"— are popular. 5182:in front of the 4899:Mongolian ferry 4686:or semi-nomadic 4655: 4652: 4646: 4634: 4633: 4626: 4559:Mineral industry 4510:informal economy 4110: 4100: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4014: 4007: 3995: 3994: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3767:districts (sums) 3641: 3489:Washington, D.C. 3279:, September 2017 3246:Mongolia uses a 3214:Democratic Party 3198:Democratic Party 3128:, was appointed 3122:Democratic Party 3110:Democratic Party 3048:bishop. In 2017 3027:Tibetan Buddhism 3004:. The number of 2978:Tibetan Buddhism 2837: 2833: 2829: 2764:Mongolian script 2574:) in Lake Buir. 2478:land degradation 2225:new constitution 2211:Marxist-Leninist 2112:Yalta Conference 2033:Peljidiin Genden 2014:Stalinist purges 1981:political system 1977:laryngeal cancer 1952:Bolshevik Russia 1715:Tibetan Buddhism 1660:and his general 1638:Toluid Civil War 1490:Uyghur Khaganate 1204: 1195: 1193: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1144:Rouran Khaganate 1129: 1106: 1105: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1071:Mongolian script 1065: 1064: 1035: 1034: 914:Tibetan Buddhism 871:Uyghur Khaganate 849:, including the 753: 720: 719: 713: 712: 706: 695: 694: 686: 670: 669: 651: 650: 634: 618: 617: 599: 598: 582: 501:12 February 1992 488:26 November 1924 474:29 December 1911 217:Official scripts 201: 200: 198: 197: 196: 191: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 164:and largest city 157: 148: 127: 121: 120: 100: 86: 70: 62: 61: 50: 47: 35: 34: 14852: 14851: 14847: 14846: 14845: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14807:Eurasian Steppe 14777: 14776: 14775: 14770: 14722: 14711: 14709: 14698: 14696: 14685: 14683: 14672: 14670: 14659: 14657: 14646: 14644: 14633: 14617: 14615: 14594: 14583: 14581: 14570: 14568: 14557: 14555: 14544: 14542: 14531: 14529: 14518: 14516: 14505: 14503: 14492: 14490: 14479: 14477: 14466: 14464: 14453: 14451: 14440: 14438: 14427: 14425: 14414: 14412: 14401: 14390: 14388: 14382:Observer states 14377: 14366: 14364: 14353: 14351: 14340: 14338: 14327: 14325: 14314: 14312: 14301: 14299: 14288: 14286: 14275: 14273: 14262: 14260: 14249: 14247: 14234: 14198: 14193: 14163: 14158: 14125: 14071: 14018: 13970: 13932: 13928:Stock exchanges 13865: 13832: 13644: 13484: 13475: 13408: 13403: 13373: 13368: 13341: 13326: 13310: 13307: 13295: 13268: 13252: 13229: 13226: 13218: 13199:Northern Cyprus 13187: 13184: 13176: 13167: 12909: 12900: 12870: 12865: 12863: 12845: 12825:Sichuan Mongols 12755: 12725: 12631:Altai Uriankhai 12613: 12540: 12490: 12347:Medieval tribes 12341: 12232: 12218:Writing systems 12186:Medieval tribes 12125: 12120: 12090: 12085: 12077: 12070: 12063: 12050: 12039: 12026: 11978: 11958: 11954:Writing systems 11944:Sex trafficking 11934:Public holidays 11860: 11839: 11796: 11775:Law enforcement 11719: 11701: 11673: 11531: 11522: 11518:Modern Mongolia 11513:1990 Revolution 11496:1921 Revolution 11476:1911 Revolution 11466:Dzungar Khanate 11441:Medieval tribes 11387: 11378: 11340:Wrestling Roots 11330: 11245: 11237: 11226: 11221: 11212:Wayback Machine 11199:Wayback Machine 11175:Wayback Machine 11162:Wayback Machine 11143: 11141: 11134: 11115: 11113:Further reading 11110: 11109: 11096: 11095: 11091: 11081: 11079: 11070: 11069: 11065: 11055: 11053: 11044: 11043: 11039: 11029: 11027: 11014: 11013: 11009: 10996: 10995: 10991: 10981: 10979: 10968: 10964: 10951: 10950: 10946: 10941: 10937: 10918: 10914: 10901: 10900: 10896: 10883: 10882: 10878: 10871: 10857: 10853: 10846: 10832: 10825: 10815: 10813: 10800: 10799: 10795: 10785: 10783: 10776: 10760: 10756: 10746: 10744: 10735: 10734: 10727: 10717: 10715: 10702: 10701: 10697: 10681: 10680: 10678:. Moscow. 1984. 10674: 10673: 10666: 10656: 10654: 10645: 10644: 10640: 10633: 10619: 10615: 10605: 10603: 10592: 10588: 10551: 10547: 10537: 10535: 10520: 10516: 10506: 10504: 10495: 10494: 10490: 10480: 10478: 10465: 10464: 10460: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10438: 10433: 10432: 10428: 10418: 10416: 10408: 10407: 10403: 10393: 10391: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10363: 10361: 10348: 10347: 10343: 10331: 10330: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10311: 10304: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10253: 10249: 10247: 10243: 10233: 10231: 10224:Mongolia Weekly 10216: 10212: 10202: 10200: 10199:on May 25, 2013 10191: 10190: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10161: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10144: 10135: 10134: 10130: 10120: 10118: 10111:Mongolia Weekly 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10078: 10077: 10073: 10063: 10061: 10054:Mongolia Weekly 10046: 10042: 10032: 10030: 10021: 10020: 10016: 10006: 10004: 9995: 9994: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9960: 9954: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9927: 9926: 9922: 9912: 9910: 9901: 9900: 9896: 9886: 9884: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9860: 9858: 9849: 9848: 9844: 9834: 9832: 9828: 9821: 9817: 9816: 9812: 9803: 9799: 9784: 9780: 9770: 9768: 9761:Mongolia Weekly 9753: 9749: 9739: 9737: 9727: 9723: 9706: 9705: 9701: 9692: 9691: 9687: 9640: 9636: 9626: 9624: 9616: 9615: 9608: 9598: 9596: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9572: 9570: 9562: 9561: 9557: 9547: 9545: 9530: 9526: 9516: 9514: 9499: 9495: 9485: 9483: 9470: 9469: 9465: 9452: 9451: 9442: 9432: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9381: 9379: 9370: 9369: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9343:Mongolia Weekly 9335: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9310: 9309: 9298: 9291: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9250: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9224: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9207: 9194: 9193: 9189: 9179: 9177: 9168: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9088:Mongolia Weekly 9080: 9076: 9068: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9032:Mongolia Weekly 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 8995: 8994: 8990: 8980: 8978: 8971:Mongolia Weekly 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8940:Mongolia Weekly 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8849: 8845: 8835: 8833: 8826:Mongolia Weekly 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8789: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8771:on 10 July 2017 8763: 8762: 8758: 8748: 8746: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8714:on July 5, 2013 8706: 8705: 8701: 8691: 8689: 8676: 8675: 8671: 8661: 8659: 8654:. 25 May 2009. 8646: 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8614: 8610: 8600: 8598: 8585: 8584: 8580: 8570: 8568: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8504:Financial Times 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8479:on May 22, 2013 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8453:. Freedom House 8449: 8448: 8444: 8434: 8432: 8429:Mongolia Weekly 8423: 8422: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8399:Mongolia Weekly 8391: 8387: 8369: 8367: 8363: 8335:French Politics 8330: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8290: 8281: 8277: 8267: 8265: 8256: 8255: 8251: 8242: 8240: 8239:on May 13, 2011 8231: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8181:thediplomat.com 8175: 8174: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8135: 8125: 8123: 8110: 8109: 8102: 8093: 8089: 8079: 8077: 8066: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8040: 8036: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7964: 7960: 7946:Wayback Machine 7937: 7933: 7927:Wayback Machine 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7856: 7842: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7804: 7803: 7799: 7789: 7787: 7774: 7773: 7769: 7759: 7757: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7637: 7636: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7591: 7589: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7514: 7510: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7470: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7415: 7413: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7317: 7316: 7309: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7248: 7247: 7243: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7185: 7183: 7174: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7076:Rossabi, Morris 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7048: 7047: 7043: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7014:BBC News Online 7008: 7007: 7003: 6995: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6930: 6926: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6827: 6823: 6814: 6810: 6801: 6797: 6789: 6782: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6669: 6665: 6658:History of Yuan 6652: 6651: 6647: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6614: 6610: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6491: 6487: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6456: 6447: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6374: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6333: 6326: 6307: 6303: 6287: 6286: 6271: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6248: 6232: 6228: 6218: 6216: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6068: 6067: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6017: 6016: 6007: 5993: 5991: 5980:ConstitutionNet 5972: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5887: 5878: 5867: 5866: 5833: 5829: 5828: 5819: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5777: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5759: 5736: 5731: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5712: 5609:25-metre pistol 5593:pistol shooting 5462: 5456: 5451: 5450: 5442:Russian cuisine 5383: 5355: 5322:one-party state 5292: 5286: 5251: 5245: 5170: 5164: 5115:"Marzan" Sharav 5092: 5076: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5030:child mortality 5009: 5001: 4966: 4960: 4889:Mongolian horse 4878:Dornogovi aimag 4866: 4860: 4852: 4851: 4828: 4809: 4797: 4796: 4760: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4656: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4615: 4592:to develop the 4567: 4561: 4475: 4469: 4464: 4461: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4055: 4054: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4000: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3887: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3645: 3633: 3625:Main articles: 3623: 3583:courts in each 3573: 3567: 3504: 3498: 3493: 3318: 3312: 3265: 3259: 3064: 3058: 2933:Other religions 2832: 2828: 2820:Main articles: 2818: 2775:national script 2760:1990 revolution 2737:Turkic language 2677: 2593: 2587: 2544:Tadpole shrimps 2535:Bactrian camels 2520:Bactrian camels 2513: 2507: 2502: 2501: 2494:water pollution 2474:desertification 2462:Desertification 2445: 2437: 2428:Bulgan Province 2341: 2333:Main articles: 2331: 2256: 2250: 2187: 2179:Jambyn Batmönkh 2108: 1969: 1870: 1846:Main articles: 1844: 1750:Inner Mongolian 1608:in the west to 1594:Altai Mountains 1575: 1561: 1555:Dzungar Khanate 1541:Main articles: 1539: 1423: 1415:nomadic empires 1399:Eurasian Steppe 1359:Karasuk culture 1323:bactrian camels 1301: 1293:Main articles: 1291: 1286: 1280: 1079: 1077: 1062: 1033: 946:socialist state 940:. In 1924, the 934:satellite state 847:nomadic empires 748: 717: 716: 715: 704: 692: 691: 690: 684: 663: 644: 632: 611: 592: 576: 564: 553:3,504,741 ( 550: 533: 519: 498: 485: 471: 454: 440: 427: 387: 372: 332: 290: 282: 258:Khalkha Mongols 244: 234: 194: 192: 188: 185: 180: 177: 175: 173: 172: 171: 165: 143: 128: 122: 108: 107: 106: 101: 93: 92: 87: 74: 73: 64: 48: 45: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14850: 14840: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14768: 14767: 14766: 14761: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14723: 14721: 14720: 14707: 14694: 14681: 14668: 14655: 14641: 14639: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14629:United Nations 14626: 14613: 14608: 14602: 14600: 14596: 14595: 14593: 14592: 14579: 14566: 14553: 14540: 14527: 14514: 14501: 14488: 14475: 14462: 14449: 14436: 14423: 14409: 14407: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14399: 14385: 14383: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14362: 14349: 14336: 14323: 14310: 14297: 14284: 14271: 14258: 14244: 14242: 14236: 14235: 14233: 14232: 14227: 14225:Samarkand 2022 14222: 14217: 14212: 14206: 14204: 14200: 14199: 14192: 14191: 14184: 14177: 14169: 14160: 14159: 14157: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14135: 14133: 14127: 14126: 14124: 14123: 14118: 14111: 14108:The Art of War 14104: 14099: 14094: 14087: 14081: 14079: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14028: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13980: 13978: 13972: 13971: 13969: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13942: 13940: 13934: 13933: 13931: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13879: 13877: 13867: 13866: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13842: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13828:Chinese zodiac 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13733:Chinese dragon 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13693:Blepharoplasty 13690: 13689: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13665: 13660: 13654: 13652: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13584: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13576: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13550: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13529: 13528: 13527: 13517: 13512: 13511: 13510: 13500: 13494: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13478: 13476: 13474: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13452: 13451: 13441: 13440: 13439: 13434: 13429: 13418: 13416: 13410: 13409: 13402: 13401: 13394: 13387: 13379: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13354: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13332: 13331: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13313: 13311: 13304: 13301: 13300: 13297: 13296: 13294: 13293: 13283: 13276: 13274: 13273:United Kingdom 13270: 13269: 13267: 13266: 13260: 13258: 13254: 13253: 13251: 13250: 13245: 13239: 13237: 13230: 13223: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13190: 13188: 13181: 13178: 13177: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12919: 12917: 12911: 12910: 12899: 12898: 12891: 12884: 12876: 12867: 12866: 12854: 12851: 12850: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12843: 12838: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12796: 12791: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12763: 12761: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12753: 12747: 12741: 12735: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12698: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12680: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12627: 12625: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12569:Eastern Dorbet 12566: 12561: 12556: 12550: 12548: 12539: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12507: 12505: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12351: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12333: 12332: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12242: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12223:Soyombo symbol 12220: 12215: 12210: 12209: 12208: 12203: 12196:Nomadic empire 12193: 12188: 12183: 12182: 12181: 12179:Proto-Mongolic 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12135: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12119: 12118: 12111: 12104: 12096: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12076: 12075: 12068: 12060: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12052: 12051: 12049: 12048: 12043: 12035: 12030: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11974: 11968: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11910: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11884: 11878: 11872: 11866: 11865: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11858: 11856:Transportation 11853: 11848: 11843: 11835: 11833:Stock Exchange 11830: 11825: 11820: 11814: 11808: 11802: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11794: 11789: 11788: 11787: 11777: 11772: 11771: 11770: 11760: 11759: 11758: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11737: 11736: 11731: 11723: 11715: 11713:Prime Minister 11710: 11705: 11697: 11691: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11671: 11670: 11669: 11664: 11654: 11652:National parks 11649: 11648: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11627: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11588: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11561: 11551: 11545: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11509: 11508: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11397: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11377: 11376: 11369: 11362: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11327: 11307: 11305:Britannica.com 11298: 11289: 11280: 11275: 11259: 11258: 11254: 11253: 11248: 11246:(in Mongolian) 11240: 11231: 11230: 11225: 11224:External links 11222: 11220: 11219: 11214:(Q&A with 11202: 11187: 11165: 11150: 11132: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11108: 11107: 11089: 11063: 11037: 11007: 10989: 10962: 10944: 10935: 10912: 10894: 10876: 10869: 10851: 10844: 10823: 10793: 10774: 10754: 10725: 10714:on 2 July 2007 10695: 10664: 10638: 10631: 10613: 10586: 10545: 10514: 10488: 10458: 10448: 10426: 10401: 10371: 10341: 10332:|website= 10302: 10274: 10241: 10210: 10184: 10154: 10128: 10097: 10071: 10040: 10014: 9985: 9948: 9920: 9894: 9868: 9842: 9810: 9797: 9778: 9747: 9721: 9699: 9685: 9634: 9606: 9593:Doing Business 9580: 9555: 9524: 9493: 9463: 9440: 9414: 9402:The World Bank 9389: 9360: 9329: 9296: 9289: 9269: 9243: 9217: 9187: 9161: 9135: 9105: 9074: 9066: 9049: 9018: 8988: 8957: 8926: 8900: 8874: 8843: 8812: 8782: 8756: 8725: 8699: 8669: 8639: 8608: 8591:The Daily Star 8578: 8547: 8521: 8490: 8464: 8442: 8431:. 25 July 2023 8416: 8385: 8341:(3): 323–351. 8315: 8275: 8249: 8224: 8198: 8165: 8133: 8100: 8087: 8060: 8034: 8013:(6): 158–181. 8009:(in Russian). 8007:Научный диалог 7993: 7986: 7958: 7931: 7912: 7887: 7876:(in Mongolian) 7861: 7854: 7827: 7797: 7767: 7737: 7710:(2): 127–151. 7694: 7662: 7625: 7599: 7573: 7508: 7490: 7464: 7394: 7368: 7342: 7307: 7292:Weeping Camel: 7281: 7259: 7241: 7223: 7193: 7167: 7137: 7111: 7105:978-0520244191 7104: 7098:–58, 143–144. 7067: 7041: 7023: 7001: 6975: 6955: 6924: 6912: 6886: 6860: 6840: 6821: 6808: 6795: 6768: 6737: 6720:Study Buddhism 6706: 6663: 6645: 6631: 6608: 6605:(50): 568–570. 6593: 6582:on 1 July 2007 6566: 6540: 6523:Spiegel Online 6510: 6503: 6485: 6454: 6438: 6406: 6401:(1.93 MB) 6380: 6372: 6352: 6346:978-0199554270 6345: 6324: 6313:) state]. 6301: 6265: 6246: 6226: 6196: 6183: 6157: 6121: 6087: 6054: 6040: 6005: 5961: 5926: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5771: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5727: 5711: 5708: 5560:Amateur boxing 5490:Riders during 5458:Main article: 5455: 5452: 5391:dairy products 5384: 5376: 5354: 5351: 5288:Main article: 5285: 5282: 5247:Main article: 5244: 5241: 5166:Main article: 5163: 5160: 5091: 5088: 5072:Main article: 5069: 5066: 5061:pneumoconiosis 5034:Echinococcosis 5010: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4962:Main article: 4959: 4956: 4933:Chuluunkhoroot 4862:Main article: 4859: 4858:Transportation 4856: 4832:primary energy 4829: 4821: 4808: 4805: 4761: 4753: 4751: 4750:Communications 4748: 4746: 4745:Infrastructure 4743: 4678:cultivation. 4658: 4657: 4638: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4563:Main article: 4560: 4557: 4491:Blue Sky Tower 4471:Main article: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4115: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4016: 4009: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3894:Main article: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3755: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3642: 3635: 3634: 3622: 3619: 3581:first instance 3569:Main article: 3566: 3563: 3555:George W. Bush 3542:in support of 3500:Main article: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3330: 3314:Main article: 3311: 3308: 3261:Main article: 3258: 3255: 3146:Prime Minister 3142:2016 elections 3130:prime minister 3077:Mongolia is a 3060:Main article: 3057: 3054: 3006:Buddhist monks 2958: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2817: 2814: 2808:, forming the 2771:Inner Mongolia 2705:Khalkha Mongol 2676: 2673: 2661:Turkic peoples 2589:Main article: 2586: 2583: 2509:Main article: 2506: 2503: 2470:climate change 2446: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2330: 2327: 2317:, shared with 2252:Main article: 2249: 2246: 2186: 2183: 2120:The referendum 2107: 2104: 2065:Bohumír Šmeral 1968: 1965: 1956:Mongolian part 1945:Niislel Khüree 1921:Outer Mongolia 1843: 1842:Modern history 1840: 1538: 1535: 1484:, present-day 1467:Xianbei empire 1422: 1419: 1351:Okunev culture 1311:Khovd Province 1290: 1287: 1282:Main article: 1279: 1276: 1221:Khamag Mongols 1206:Middle Chinese 1197:Modern Chinese 1166:Middle Chinese 1158:Modern Chinese 1116: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1092:Transcriptions 1085: 1084: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1049:Mongolian name 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1032: 1029: 1001:United Nations 966:market economy 834:to the south. 810:, bordered by 795: 794: 785: 779: 778: 773: 767: 766: 761: 755: 754: 746: 742: 741: 731: 727: 726: 707: 697: 696: 687: 677: 676: 664: 661: 658: 657: 645: 642: 639: 638: 635: 625: 624: 619:$ 15,087 ( 612: 609: 606: 605: 593: 590: 587: 586: 583: 569: 568: 565: 563:• Density 562: 559: 558: 551: 548: 545: 544: 538: 537: 534: 531: 528: 527: 520: 517: 514: 513: 507: 506: 503: 502: 499: 493: 490: 489: 486: 479: 476: 475: 472: 462: 459: 458: 455: 448: 445: 444: 441: 435: 432: 431: 428: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 408: 407: 402: 398: 397: 394: 393: 388: 385:Prime Minister 382: 379: 378: 373: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 353: 347: 346: 340: 334: 333: 331: 330: 324: 318: 312: 306: 300: 293: 291: 288: 284: 283: 281: 280: 274: 268: 267: 266: 260: 247: 245: 242: 236: 235: 233: 232: 227: 221: 219: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 166: 163: 159: 158: 150: 149: 135: 134: 110: 109: 102: 95: 94: 88: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 71: 56: 42: 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14849: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14792:Mongol states 14790: 14788: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14734:Member states 14732: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14719: 14708: 14706: 14695: 14693: 14682: 14680: 14669: 14667: 14656: 14654: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14636: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14597: 14591: 14580: 14578: 14567: 14565: 14554: 14552: 14541: 14539: 14528: 14526: 14515: 14513: 14502: 14500: 14489: 14487: 14476: 14474: 14463: 14461: 14450: 14448: 14437: 14435: 14424: 14422: 14411: 14410: 14408: 14404: 14398: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14380: 14374: 14363: 14361: 14350: 14348: 14337: 14335: 14324: 14322: 14311: 14309: 14298: 14296: 14285: 14283: 14272: 14270: 14259: 14257: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14241: 14240:Member states 14237: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14215:Dushanbe 2014 14213: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14201: 14197: 14190: 14185: 14183: 14178: 14176: 14171: 14170: 14167: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14132: 14128: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14116: 14112: 14110: 14109: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14092: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14082: 14080: 14078: 14074: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 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13663:Architecture‎ 13661: 13659: 13658:Age reckoning 13656: 13655: 13653: 13651: 13647: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13630: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13509: 13506: 13505: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13491: 13490:Ethnic groups 13487: 13482: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13450: 13447: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13424: 13423: 13420: 13419: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13407: 13400: 13395: 13393: 13388: 13386: 13381: 13380: 13377: 13365: 13364: 13359: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13343: 13342: 13337: 13334: 13333: 13329: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13302: 13291: 13287: 13284: 13281: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13271: 13265: 13262: 13261: 13259: 13255: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13231: 13228: 13221: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13209:South Ossetia 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13179: 13174: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12897: 12892: 12890: 12885: 12883: 12878: 12877: 12874: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12842: 12839: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12820: 12819:Yunnan Mongol 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12768: 12765: 12764: 12762: 12758: 12751: 12748: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12736: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12716:Upper Mongols 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12690: 12686: 12685: 12684: 12681: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12543: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12500: 12497: 12495:Ethnic groups 12493: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12355:Khamag Mongol 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12264: 12263: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12239: 12238:Proto-Mongols 12235: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12201:Mongol Empire 12199: 12198: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12169:Ordos culture 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12128: 12124: 12117: 12112: 12110: 12105: 12103: 12098: 12097: 12094: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12073: 12069: 12066: 12062: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 12000:Horse culture 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11965: 11961: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11803: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11782: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11769: 11766: 11765: 11764: 11761: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11729:Supreme Court 11727: 11726: 11724: 11722: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11692: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11680: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11631: 11628: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11556: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11546: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11534: 11529: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11446:Mongol Empire 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11411:Proto-Mongols 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11390: 11386: 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Routledge. 10767: 10766: 10758: 10742: 10738: 10732: 10730: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10699: 10691: 10685: 10677: 10671: 10669: 10652: 10648: 10642: 10634: 10628: 10624: 10617: 10601: 10597: 10590: 10582: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10556: 10549: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10518: 10502: 10498: 10492: 10476: 10472: 10468: 10462: 10452: 10436: 10430: 10415: 10414:docplayer.net 10411: 10405: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10345: 10337: 10325: 10309: 10305: 10299: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10286: 10278: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10229: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10198: 10194: 10188: 10172: 10168: 10164: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10132: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10085: 10081: 10075: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10044: 10028: 10024: 10018: 10002: 9998: 9992: 9990: 9970: 9966: 9959: 9952: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9924: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9882: 9878: 9872: 9856: 9852: 9846: 9827: 9820: 9814: 9807: 9801: 9793: 9792:blogs.adb.org 9789: 9782: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9751: 9736: 9732: 9725: 9717: 9713: 9712:The Economist 9709: 9703: 9695: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9638: 9623: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9569: 9565: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9528: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9497: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9429:. 21 May 2021 9428: 9424: 9418: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9365: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9333: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9292: 9286: 9282: 9281: 9273: 9257: 9253: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9221: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9175: 9171: 9165: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9078: 9069: 9063: 9059: 9053: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9022: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8992: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8937: 8930: 8915: 8911: 8904: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8847: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8770: 8766: 8760: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8566: 8562: 8558: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8494: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8452: 8446: 8430: 8426: 8420: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8380: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8300: 8296: 8289: 8285: 8279: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8150: 8143: 8137: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8107: 8105: 8097: 8091: 8075: 8071: 8064: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7970: 7962: 7954: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7935: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7916: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7857: 7851: 7847: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7771: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7698: 7679: 7672: 7666: 7647: 7640: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7504: 7503:reliefweb.int 7500: 7494: 7478: 7474: 7468: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7421:public domain 7411: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7327: 7320: 7314: 7312: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7293: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7211: 7207: 7206:thejournal.ie 7203: 7197: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7107: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7055: 7051: 7045: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7005: 6994: 6987: 6979: 6973: 6972:0-19-924959-8 6969: 6965: 6959: 6943: 6939: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6916: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6812: 6805: 6799: 6788: 6781: 6780: 6772: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6634: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6612: 6604: 6603:The Historian 6597: 6581: 6577: 6570: 6554: 6551:. bitig.org. 6550: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6514: 6506: 6500: 6496: 6489: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6451: 6445: 6443: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6384: 6375: 6373:0-7748-0366-5 6369: 6366:. UBC Press. 6365: 6364: 6356: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6331: 6329: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6297: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6253: 6249: 6247:9780792308768 6243: 6239: 6238: 6230: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6187: 6176:September 30, 6171: 6167: 6161: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6075: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6050: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6002: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5883: 5882: 5870: 5863: 5826: 5815: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5780: 5775: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5739: 5728: 5725: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5696: 5685: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5624:all-time list 5621: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5566: 5561: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5518:weightlifting 5514: 5513:competition. 5511: 5507: 5505: 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3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3295: 3290: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144:and the next 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3115: 3114:Freedom House 3111: 3107: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034:Barnabas Fund 3030: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2968:non-religious 2965: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2852:Non-religious 2850: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2782:communist era 2778: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2482:deforestation 2480:. Another is 2479: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2432: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372:Rinchinlhumbe 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2319:Tuva Republic 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2185:Post-Cold War 2182: 2180: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1993:Pan-Mongolist 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1797:Volga steppes 1794: 1790: 1785: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1627:Pax Mongolica 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602:Mongol Empire 1599: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1582:Mongol Empire 1579: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543:Mongol Empire 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1498:Khamag Mongol 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1427: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1407:Shang dynasty 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:Indo-European 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1299:Proto-Mongols 1296: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1249:Mongol Empire 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1219:in 1125, the 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1128: 1123: 1113: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 977:horse culture 974: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 879:Mongol Empire 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 843: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 793: 789: 786: 784: 780: 777: 774: 772: 771:ISO 3166 code 768: 765: 762: 760: 756: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 732: 728: 724: 708: 702: 698: 688: 682: 678: 674: 671:$ 5,348 ( 665: 659: 655: 646: 640: 636: 630: 626: 622: 613: 607: 603: 594: 588: 584: 580: 574: 570: 566: 560: 556: 552: 546: 543: 539: 535: 529: 525: 521: 515: 512: 508: 504: 500: 497: 491: 487: 483: 477: 473: 470: 466: 460: 456: 452: 446: 442: 439: 438:Mongol Empire 433: 429: 426: 420: 416: 413: 409: 406: 403: 399: 395: 392: 389: 386: 380: 377: 374: 371: 365: 361: 358: 354: 352: 348: 344: 341: 339: 335: 329: 325: 323: 319: 317: 313: 311: 307: 305: 301: 299: 295: 294: 292: 285: 279: 275: 273: 269: 265: 264:Other Mongols 261: 259: 255: 254: 253: 249: 248: 246: 241: 237: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 220: 218: 214: 211: 208: 204: 199: 170: 167: 160: 156: 151: 147: 142: 141: 136: 132: 126: 115: 111: 105: 99: 91: 85: 77: 68: 57: 54: 44: 43: 36: 33: 29: 22: 14624:Turkmenistan 14551:Saudi Arabia 14396: 14210:Beijing 2012 14113: 14106: 14091:Bansenshūkai 14089: 13856:Rainy season 13633:unrecognized 13455: 13361: 13349: 13264:Kastellorizo 13143:Turkmenistan 13108:Saudi Arabia 13067: 12861:Turco-Mongol 12818: 12206:Turco-Mongol 12191:Modern clans 12038:Tsagaan Sar 11972:Architecture 11929:Prostitution 11882:Demographics 11763:Human rights 11702:(parliament) 11695:Constitution 11506:World War II 11481:Bogd Khanate 11451:Yuan dynasty 11436:Liao dynasty 11380: 11320: 11304: 11286: 11266: 11216:Alan Wachman 11190: 11178: 11153: 11142:. 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