Kamikaze - Knowledge

1541: 1182: 1213: 297: 1388: 643: 2611: 51: 42: 2734: 1278:(USAAF) B-29s approaching Japan. Targeting the aircraft proved to be much less successful and practical than attacks against warships, as the bombers made for much faster, more maneuverable, and smaller targets. The B-29 also had formidable defensive weaponry, so suicide attacks against B-29s demanded considerable piloting skill to be successful, which worked against the very purpose of using expendable pilots. Even encouraging capable pilots to bail out before impact was ineffective because vital personnel were often lost when they mistimed their exits and were killed as a result. 1887: 1681: 2174: 1473: 2388: 1971: 845: 5592: 1708: 1999:

vessels were scarce, the temporary absence of key warships from the combat zone would tie up operational initiatives. By 1945, however, the U.S. Navy was large enough that damaged ships could be detached back home for repair without significantly hampering the fleet's operational capability. The only U.S. surface losses were escort carriers, destroyers, and smaller ships, all of which lacked the armor protection or capability to sustain heavy damage. Overall, the

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escort carriers. However, no ship larger than an escort carrier was sunk. Approximately 45 ships were sunk, the bulk of which were destroyers. To the United States, the losses were of such concern that more than 2,000 B-29 sorties were diverted from attacking Japanese cities and industries to striking Kamikaze air fields in Kyushu.

836:(known to the U.S. military as Clark Air Base) near Manila, Onishi told officers of the 201st Flying Group headquarters: "I don't think there would be any other certain way to carry out the operation than to put a 250 kg bomb on a Zero and let it crash into a U.S. carrier, in order to disable her for a week." 2542:

The manual was very detailed in how a pilot should attack. A pilot would dive towards his target and "aim for a point between the bridge tower and the smokestacks". Entering a smokestack was also said to be "effective". Pilots were told not to aim at a carrier's bridge tower but instead to target the

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Daikichi Irokawa, who trained at Tsuchiura Naval Air Base, recalled that he "was struck on the face so hard and frequently that face was no longer recognizable". He also wrote: "I was hit so hard that I could no longer see and fell on the floor. The minute I got up, I was hit again by a club so that

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However, an evidence-based study of 2,000 pilots' uncensored letters revealed that the pilots candidly expressed myriad emotions in private. Typically, they declared their determination to die to protect the homeland and thanked their school teachers, parents, siblings, and friends for their selfless

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In our present situation, I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our aircraft. There is no other way. There will be more than enough volunteers for this chance to save our country, and I would like to command such an operation. Provide

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According to the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, from October 1944 until the end of the war, 2,550 Kamikaze missions were flown with only 475 (or 18.6%) achieving a hit or a damaging near miss. Warships of all types were damaged including 12 aircraft carriers, 15 battleships, and 16 light and

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quoted Lieutenant Sekio Nishina: "The spirit of the Special Attack Corps is the great spirit that runs in the blood of every Japanese ... The crashing action which simultaneously kills the enemy and oneself without fail is called the Special Attack ... Every Japanese is capable of becoming a member

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This is my second experience with a suicide plane making a hit on board my own ship, and I have seen four other ships hit near me. The suicide plane is a very effective weapon, which we must not underestimate. I do not believe anyone who has not been around within its area of operations can realize

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On 17 August, the Kwantung Army command ordered its units to surrender, but some of the pilots disobeyed and the Japanese air attacks continued. On 18 August, convoys of the 20th and 21st Armoured Brigade were attacked. The kamikazes traded six of their aircraft for a tank and a couple of cars. The

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in 1945. Between 9 August and 2 September 1945, several airstrikes involving kamikaze pilots were recorded. On 18 August, a Japanese Ki-45 flown by Lieutenant Yoshira Tsiohara attacked a tanker in the port of Vladivostok. The plane was shot down and the pilot was killed. He was found to have orders

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hits on five British carriers resulted in only 20 deaths while a combined total of 15 bomb hits, most of 500 kg (1,100 lb) weight or greater, and one torpedo hit on four carriers caused 193 fatal casualties earlier in the war – striking proof of the protective value of the armoured flight

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pilot training, as described by Takeo Kasuga, generally "consisted of incredibly strenuous training, coupled with cruel and torturous corporal punishment as a daily routine". The training, in theory, lasted for thirty days, but because of American raids and shortage of fuel it could last up to two

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For the Japanese this was not much different than sinking them, operationally speaking. For each of the heavily damaged aircraft carriers dozens of aircraft were destroyed that would have been impossible to be shot down by any Japanese forces via dogfights or anti-aircraft weapons at this stage of

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in the Tao'an area. The personnel were unharmed, as they managed to evade the raid. On 19 August, nine aircraft raided the tanks of the 21st Guards Tank Brigade. Seven were shot down, but two planes broke through; one tank was destroyed and the other damaged. About the raid, the author of the book

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The attacks began in October 1944, at a time when the war was looking increasingly bleak for the Japanese. They had lost several important battles, many of their best pilots had been killed, their aircraft were becoming outdated, and they had lost command of the air. Japan was losing pilots faster

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pilots believed their death would pay the debt they owed and show the love they had for their families, friends, and emperor. "So eager were many minimally trained pilots to take part in suicide missions that when their sorties were delayed or aborted, the pilots became deeply despondent. Many of

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units, pilots had made deliberate crashes as a last resort when their aircraft had suffered severe damage and they did not want to risk being captured or wanted to do as much damage to the enemy as possible, since they were crashing anyway. Such situations occurred in both the Axis and Allied air

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Pilots were given a manual that detailed how they were supposed to think, prepare, and attack. From this manual, pilots were told to "attain a high level of spiritual training", and to "keep health in the very best condition". These instructions, among others, were meant to make pilots mentally

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was hit by gunfire, it managed to drop a bomb that detonated on the flight deck, making a crater 3 m (10 ft) long, 0.6 m (2 ft) wide and 0.6 m (2 ft) deep. A long steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the main boiler room (where it ruptured a steam

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When the volunteers arrived for duty in the corps, there were twice as many persons as aircraft available. "After the war, some commanders would express regret for allowing superfluous crews to accompany sorties, sometimes squeezing themselves aboard bombers and fighters so as to encourage the

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pilots and the IJAAF 1,387 – without successfully sinking any fleet carriers, cruisers, or battleships. This was far more than the IJN had lost in 1942 when it sank or crippled three U.S. fleet carriers (albeit without inflicting significant casualties). In 1942, when U.S. Navy

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lost 25 planes in the Japanese attacks that ended the war for them. There were more lost planes on these three carriers alone (not including the numerous other successful strikes on other Allied carriers during the Battle of Okinawa) than the United States lost in the entire Battle of Midway.

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was mothballed soon after World War II despite all three of them receiving repairs back in the United States. Numerous other larger-than-destroyer warships were so heavily damaged that they also were knocked out for the rest of the war and decommissioned shortly after World War II.

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On 19 August 1945, 11 young officers under Second Lieutenant Hitoshi Imada, attached to the 675th Manchuria Detachment, accompanied by two women of their engagement, left the Daikosan airfield and made a final aerial suicide attack against one of the Soviet armoured units that had

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pilots who were unable to complete their missions (because of mechanical failure, interception, etc.) were stigmatized in the years following the war. This stigma began to diminish some 50 years after the war as scholars and publishers began to distribute the survivors' stories.

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D. Loza recalls six Japanese aircraft attacked the convoy, which damaged one Sherman tank and destroyed a medical vehicle. Japanese commanders ordered weapons depots to be secured and the propellers of aircraft on airfields to be removed to stop these sorties. Supposedly, the

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interception and improved coordination between fighter direction officers on carriers. This plan also called for around-the-clock fighter patrols over Allied fleets. A final element included intensive fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields, and bombing Japanese runways, using

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When you eliminate all thoughts about life and death, you will be able to totally disregard your earthly life. This will also enable you to concentrate your attention on eradicating the enemy with unwavering determination, meanwhile reinforcing your excellence in flight

540:(IJNAS), such that they could no longer put together a large number of fleet carriers with well-trained aircrews. Japanese planners had assumed a quick war and lacked comprehensive programs to replace the losses of ships, pilots, and sailors. The Battle of Midway, the 2018:

raids often included escort fighters and conventional bombers piloted by skilled aviators who were not intended to execute suicide strikes. These coordinated groups, such as the one that paved the way for conventional bombers to successfully strike the fleet carrier

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was a special honour because the Emperor visited the shrine to pay homage twice a year. Yasukuni is the only shrine deifying common men which the Emperor would visit to pay his respects." Young Japanese people were indoctrinated from an early age with these ideals.

525:"Betty" medium bomber, which was in flames from anti-aircraft fire, most likely intentionally crashed into her backup conning tower, destroying almost all of the backup command equipment for the flagship. Most of the officers and men stationed there, including the 2513:

We tried to live with 120 per cent intensity, rather than waiting for death. We read and read, trying to understand why we had to die in our early twenties. We felt the clock ticking away towards our death, every sound of the clock shortening our lives.

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elevators or the flight deck. For horizontal attacks, the pilot was to "aim at the middle of the vessel, slightly higher than the waterline" or to "aim at the entrance to the aircraft hangar, or the bottom of the stack" if the former was too difficult.

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devotion. Although most pilots were unmarried (the average age was 19), some young fathers left loving instructions for their young wives and children to live well, and others expressed memories of unrequited love or the sorrow of dying young.

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were selected. Two 100 kg (220 lb) bombs were attached to two fighters, and the pilots took off before dawn, planning to crash into carriers. They never returned, but there is no record of a Kamikaze hitting an Allied ship that day.

1004:. The "Judy" made a run on the ship approaching from dead astern; it was met by effective fire and the aircraft passed over the island and exploded. Parts of the aircraft and the pilot were scattered over the flight deck and the forecastle. 1946:

known as the Shinshu Fumetsu Special Attack Corps (Japanese: 神州不滅特別攻撃隊), the last kamikaze attacks were recorded on 20 August 1945. Shortly afterward, the main strength of the Japanese Army began to lay down its arms in surrender per the

2126:, which killed three of Mitscher's staff officers and eleven of his enlisted staff members and also destroyed his flag cabin along with all of his uniforms, personal papers, and possessions. Just three days later Mitscher's new flagship 501:, had destroyed a US aircraft carrier. It was explained that the term, which meant "thrust of body," was the practice of Japanese airmen to dive with the full load of bombs on to their target. Another possible example occurred at the 1503:

was preferred, and though their high rate of fire and quick training remained advantageous, they lacked the punch to take down a kamikaze bearing down on the ship they defended. It was found that heavy anti-aircraft guns such as the

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The resilience of well-armoured vessels was shown on 4 May, just after 11:30, when there was a wave of suicide attacks against the British Pacific Fleet. One Japanese aircraft made a steep dive from "a great height" at the carrier

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asked a group of 23 talented student pilots, all of whom he had trained, to volunteer for the special attack force. All of the pilots raised both of their hands, volunteering to join the operation. Later, Tamai asked Lieutenant

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pilot to be chosen. He later said: "Japan's future is bleak if it is forced to kill one of its best pilots" and "I am not going on this mission for the Emperor or for the Empire ... I am going because I was ordered to."

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were escorted by other pilots whose function was to protect them en route to their destination and report on the results. Some of these escort pilots, such as Zero pilot Toshimitsu Imaizumi, were later sent out on their own

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attacked a tank column of the 20th Guards Tank Brigade. The paratroopers succeeded in shooting down two of the attacking aircraft, while the third crashed into a tank. During 12–13 August, 14 Japanese planes, including

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and escort pilots has revealed that they were motivated by a desire to protect their families from perceived atrocities and possible extinction at the hands of the Allies. They viewed themselves as the last defense.

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commented that "there were so many volunteers for suicide missions that he referred to them as a swarm of bees", explaining: "Bees die after they have stung." Okamura is credited with being the first to propose the

2643:. A Foreign Office official named Toshikazu Kase said: "It was customary for GHQ to make false announcements of victory in utter disregard of facts, and for the elated and complacent public to believe them." 2765:

involved in recruiting soldiers for the sacrifice. Their motivations in "volunteering" were complex and not simply about patriotism or bringing honour to their families. Firsthand interviews with surviving

1768:. The British were able to clear the flight deck and resume flight operations in just hours, while their American counterparts took a few days or even months, as observed by a U.S. Navy liaison officer on 2508:

I would confess." This brutal "training" was justified by the idea that it would instil a "soldier's fighting spirit", but daily beatings and corporal punishment eliminated patriotism among many pilots.

5273: 3601: 2658:. Stories like these, which showed the kind of praise and honour death produced, encouraged young Japanese to volunteer for the Special Attack Corps and instilled a desire in the youth to die as a 1703:

made a dent 3 metres (10 ft) long and 0.6 metres (2 ft) wide and deep in the armored flight deck. Eight crew members were killed, forty-seven were wounded, and 11 aircraft were destroyed.

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region). Suicide-mission pilots looked over their shoulders to see the mountain, the southernmost on the Japanese mainland, said farewell to their country and saluted the mountain. Residents on

595:. The Japanese lost over 400 carrier-based aircraft and pilots in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, effectively putting an end to their carriers' potency. Allied aviators called the action the " 879:

to command the special attack force. Seki is said to have closed his eyes, lowered his head, and thought for ten seconds before saying: "Please do appoint me to the post." Seki became the 24th

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The exact number of ships sunk is a matter of debate. According to a wartime Japanese propaganda announcement, the missions sank 81 ships and damaged 195, and according to a Japanese tally,

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said: "We never dared to question orders, to doubt authority, to do anything but immediately carry out all the commands of our superiors. We were automatons who obeyed without thinking."

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attack on an Allied ship. Other sources disagree because it was not a planned attack by a member of the Special Attack Force and was most likely undertaken on the pilot's own initiative.

1251:, the Japanese military attempted to use suicide attacks against this threat. During the northern hemisphere winter of 1944–45, the IJAAF formed the 47th Air Regiment, also known as the 3087: 3082: 2475:!" They were sheep at a slaughterhouse. Everybody was looking down and tottering. Some were unable to stand up and were carried and pushed into their aircraft by maintenance soldiers. 1746:

were destroyed. The fires were gradually brought under control, and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 17:00, Corsairs were able to land. On 9 May,

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duty, and then on the carriers in the middle of the fleet. Suicide attacks by aircraft or boats at Okinawa sank or put out of action at least 30 U.S. warships and at least three U.S.

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pilot's manual told pilots to never close their eyes, as this would lower the chances of hitting their targets. In the final moments before the crash, the pilot was to yell "

1508:(127 mm) were the most effective as they had sufficient firepower to destroy aircraft at a safe range from the ship, which was preferable since even a heavily damaged 587:(June 1944), the Japanese had to make do with obsolete aircraft and inexperienced aviators in the fight against better-trained and more experienced US Navy airmen who flew 5879: 5797: 4282: 4112: 6804: 433:

was used only informally in the Japanese press in relation to suicide attacks, but after the war, this usage gained acceptance worldwide and was re-imported into Japan.

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attack should engage in the task first. Some persons who obeyed the policy, such as Kiyokuma Okajima, Saburo Shindo and Iyozo Fujita, were also critical of the policy.

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carried out more than 50 suicide attacks against Soviet Red Army in August 1945. That is the number of aircraft the Japanese attributed to "other losses". Overall, the

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van der Does-Ishikawa, Luli (2015). "Contested memories of the Kamikaze and the self-representations of Tokkō-tai youth in their missives home". In Hook, G. D. (ed.).

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pilot's manual also explained how a pilot may turn back if he could not locate a target, and that a pilot "should not waste life lightly". One pilot, a graduate from

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line) before coming to rest in a fuel tank near the aircraft park, where it started a major fire. Eight personnel were killed and 47 were wounded. One Corsair and 10

6596: 1607:, along with some from other Allied forces. The attacks expended 1,465 aircraft. Many warships of all classes were damaged, some severely, but no aircraft carriers, 825:("Frances") land-based bombers, and one additional reconnaissance aircraft. The task facing the Japanese air forces seemed impossible. The 1st Air Fleet commandant, 1634: 6002: 7003: 6973: 4485: 677:

attack tactics. With his superiors, he arranged the first investigations into the plausibility and mechanisms of intentional suicide attacks on 15 June 1944.

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As the end of the war approached, the Allies did not suffer more serious significant losses, despite having far more ships and facing a greater intensity of

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its potentialities against ships. It is the opposite extreme of a lot of our Army heavy bombers who bomb safely and ineffectively from the upper atmosphere.

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tactic, newspapers and books ran advertisements, articles and stories regarding the suicide bombers to aid in recruiting and support. In October 1944, the

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attacks were successful. The Japanese considered the goal of damaging or sinking large numbers of Allied ships to be a just reason for suicide attacks;

799:, was assigned the task of assisting the Japanese ships that would attempt to destroy Allied forces in Leyte Gulf. That unit had only 41 aircraft: 34 3773: 3750:. Access date: 20 June 2007. If the pilot was from the 6th Flying Brigade, it was probably either Lieutenant Morita or Sergeant Itano, flying out of 3435: 2427:, commander of the second air fleet, was inspecting the 341st Air Group, Captain Okamura took the chance to express his ideas on crash-dive tactics: 1672:) while conducting operations with fully fueled and armed aircraft spotted on deck for takeoff, an extremely vulnerable state for any carrier. Eight 6631: 1656:, greater than the combined number of fatalities suffered on all six Royal Navy armoured carriers from all forms of attack during the entire war. 244:

The tradition of death instead of defeat, capture, and shame was deeply entrenched in Japanese military culture; one of the primary values in the

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While many stories were falsified, some were true, such as that of Kiyu Ishikawa, who saved a Japanese ship when he crashed his aircraft into a

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Special Attack Force carried out its first mission. Five A6M Zeros, led by Lieutenant Seki, were escorted to the target by leading Japanese ace

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to strike at the Japanese home islands. After the fall of Saipan, the Japanese High Command predicted that the Allies would try to capture the

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those who were selected for a body crashing mission were described as being extraordinarily blissful immediately before their final sortie."

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to attack the largest tanker in Vladivostok, and if he failed, to ram the biggest house in the city. On the same day, the Soviet minesweeper

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attacks, and more than 5,000 had already been specially fitted for suicide attack to resist the planned either American or Soviet invasion.

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alone could bring over 1,000 fighter aircraft into play. Allied pilots became adept at destroying enemy aircraft before they struck ships.

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pilots from Japan to Korea to attack Soviet warships, but the Japanese leadership decided to surrender and the operation was cancelled.

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Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk or Damaged Beyond Repair during World War II, 7 December 1941 – 1 October 1945

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was a simple, easily built propeller aircraft with a wooden airframe that used engines from existing stocks. Its non-retractable

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was diminishing relative to that of the Allies. These factors, along with Japan's unwillingness to surrender, led to the use of

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Kamikaze Attacks of World War II: A Complete History of Japanese Suicide Strikes on American Ships, by Aircraft and Other Means

4305: 3800: 1528:, on average seven times more effective than regular shells, became available, and the U.S. Navy recommended their use against 556:(October 1942) – decimated the IJNAS veteran aircrews, and replacing their combat experience proved impossible. 2209:, the historians Willmott, Cross, and Messenger stated that more than 70 U.S. vessels were "sunk or damaged beyond repair" by 1387: 1240:– were followed by an immediate expansion of the program, and over the next few months over 2,000 aircraft made such attacks. 1124:, diving into the flight deck, where his bomb caused fires that resulted in the bomb magazine exploding, sinking the carrier. 1065:

strike, but the attack occurred before the first mission of the Special Attack Force (on 25 October) and the aircraft used, a

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fell to the Allied forces on 15 July 1944. Its capture provided adequate forward bases that enabled U.S. air forces using the

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During final stage of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army aviation employed numbers of kamikaze airstrikes against the

1591:. On 6 April 1945, waves of aircraft made hundreds of attacks in Operation Kikusui ("floating chrysanthemums"). At Okinawa, 1405:

on 25 October 1944. The aircraft exploded in mid-air moments after the picture was taken, scattering debris across the deck.

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Fusata Iida's aircraft had taken a hit and had started leaking fuel when he apparently used it to make a suicide attack on

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were repaired, although they were then mothballed or sold off as surplus after World War II without re-entering service.

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played a role in the decision to not repair damaged carriers, while even seriously damaged American carriers such as USS

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forces. Axell and Kase see these suicides as "individual, impromptu decisions by men who were mentally prepared to die".

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Richard L. Dunn, 2002–2005, "First Kamikaze? Attack on HMAS Australia – 21 October 1944" (j-aircraft.com)

3680: 963:Ōnishi, addressing this unit, told them that their nobility of spirit would keep the homeland from ruin even in defeat. 266:, the Japanese military also used or made plans for non-aerial Japanese Special Attack Units, including those involving 6734: 6714: 6193: 6188: 6087: 6027: 5818: 5808: 5499: 5409: 5386: 5367: 5348: 5319: 5242: 5225: 5208: 5190: 5116: 5080: 4776: 4736: 4564: 3882: 3317: 3201: 2789: 1168:. In total, seven carriers were hit, as well as 40 other ships (5 sunk, 23 heavily damaged and 12 moderately damaged). 537: 4608: 1619:

at Okinawa. Most of the ships lost were destroyers or smaller vessels, especially those on picket duty. The destroyer

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also flew solo. On 18 August, several ammunition resupply vehicles carrying ammunition for BM-13 were destroyed by a

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strike greatly changed the course of what was to happen during the infamous "Friday the 13th" battle 12 hours later.

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had launched. The sergeant-major was posthumously promoted to second lieutenant by the emperor and was enshrined at

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was passed, under which students were required to ritually recite its oath to offer themselves "courageously to the

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It was claimed by the Japanese forces at the time that there were many volunteers for the suicidal forces. Captain

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Allied pilots were more experienced, better trained and in command of superior aircraft, making the poorly trained

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attacks. Early on 21 October 1944, a Japanese aircraft deliberately crashed into the foremast of the heavy cruiser

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attacks. He had expressed his desire to lead a volunteer group of suicide attacks some four months before Admiral

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and beyond. The Seafires' best day was 15 August 1945, shooting down eight attacking aircraft with a single loss.

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attacks accounted for up to 80% of the U.S. losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific. In a 2004 book,

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American Merchant Marine at War (website), 2006, "Chronological List of U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged during 1945"

3476: 3366: 3281: 3261: 3241: 2583: 673:, as well as the 341st Air Group Home, was, according to some sources, the first officer to officially propose 579:, outclassed and soon outnumbered Japan's fighters. Tropical diseases, as well as shortages of spare parts and 549: 4404: 4373: 6978: 6518: 5948: 5863: 5853: 5469: 3921: 1521: 1379:

for use against Allied forces expected to invade Japan. The invasion never happened, and few were ever used.

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was jettisoned shortly after takeoff for a suicide mission, recovered, and reused. Obsolete aircraft such as

1275: 156: 3217: 6857: 6498: 6369: 5828: 5769: 5759: 2610: 2014:-assisted attacks at Okinawa only managed to sink smaller ships like destroyers, the reality is different. 1943: 751: 584: 553: 386: 4088:

https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-048/h-048-1.html

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detection and cuing, airborne interception, attrition, and massive anti-aircraft barrages, 14 per cent of

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At the time of the surrender, the Japanese had more than 9,000 aircraft in the home islands available for

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airstrikes proved ineffective and had little or no effect on the Red Army during the Soviet–Japanese War.

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Australian journalists Denis and Peggy Warner, in a 1982 book with Japanese naval historian Sadao Seno (

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attackers sank 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800. Despite

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During 1943–1944, U.S. forces steadily advanced toward Japan. Newer U.S.-made aircraft, especially the

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At least one of these pilots was a conscripted Korean with a Japanese name, adopted under the pre-war

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at 17:29. The aircraft and its bomb penetrated two decks before exploding, killing 13 and wounding 44.

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with which to end their lives if they risked being captured. Like all Army and Navy servicemen, the

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attacks. Although causing some of the heaviest casualties on U.S. carriers in 1945 (particularly as

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by Japanese pilots from units other than the Special Attack Force, have been described as the first

832:, decided to form a suicide offensive force, the Special Attack Unit. In a meeting on 19 October at 536:

The carrier battles in 1942, particularly the Battle of Midway, inflicted irreparable damage on the

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suicide pilots and, it seems, join in the exultation of sinking a large enemy vessel." Many of the

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approached a US task group. According to some accounts, two made suicide attacks, one of which hit

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mission occurred on 13 September 1944. A group of pilots from the army's 31st Fighter Squadron on

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Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms: The Militarization of Aesthetics in Japanese History

5090:

Huggins, Mark (May–June 1999). "Setting Sun: Japanese Air Defence of the Philippines 1944–1945".

3998: 2968: 2837:, Tadashi Minobe and Yoshio Shiga, refused to obey the policy. They said that the commander of a 2742: 2591: 2221: 2107: 1890: 1844: 1769: 1650: 1558: 1485: 1337: 1264: 666: 2699:, a "belt of a thousand stitches" given to them by their mothers. They also composed and read a 2578:

practices. As time went on, Americans claimed, Shinto was used increasingly in the promotion of

2268:

aircraft. Gordon says that the Warners and Seno included ten ships that did not sink. He lists:

50: 6958: 6953: 6896: 6739: 6073: 6037: 6013: 5910: 5895: 5744: 5656: 4856: 2733: 2349: 2296: 2182: 2101: 1826: 1544: 1040: 486: 470: 394: 172: 3193: 3117: 2681:

Army officers took their swords along, while the Navy pilots (as a general rule) did not. The

2068:

first and third largest fatalities on sunken or damaged U.S. aircraft carriers in World War II

6882: 6761: 6655: 6097: 5559: 5438: 5336: 5230: 3671: 2594:. The ultimate offering was to give up one's life. It was an honour to die for Japan and the 2376: 2355: 2162:

suffered structural damage that led to them being scrapped, as being beyond economic repair.

2032: 1994:

was unlucky to get hit with fueled and armed aircraft on deck), the IJN had sacrificed 2,525

1952: 1642: 1496: 1454: 1145: 1132: 1103: 994: 764:, near Leyte Gulf, on or about 15 October 1944. Arima was killed and part of an aircraft hit 381:

In Japanese, the formal term used for units carrying out suicide attacks during 1944–1945 is

364:

A Japanese monoplane that made a record-breaking flight from Tokyo to London in 1937 for the

275: 41: 32:

Direct Kamikaze suicide-aircraft strike against US Naval vessel, resulting in visible damage.

4766: 4716: 3185: 2602:, that is 'guardian spirits' of the country. ... Many Japanese felt that to be enshrined at 1832:, was on a radar picket line off Okinawa when she was struck by an obsolete wood-and-fabric 1505: 1433:(CAP) that were larger and operated farther from the carriers than before, a line of picket 1027:

dive bomber, from an unidentified unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, or a

864:. Araki died the following day, at the age of 17, in a suicide attack on ships near Okinawa. 6228: 6052: 6042: 5554: 5269: 4257:"Last flight: Why did one young Japanese woman join her pilot husband on kamikaze mission?" 4234: 3596: 3112: 2998: 2895: 2554:" (必殺) at the top of his lungs, which translates to "certain kill" or "sink without fail". 2306: 2192: 1934:, the commander of the IJN 5th Air Fleet based in Kyushu, participated in one of the final 1755: 1569: 1282: 1187: 1095:

but instead exploded on the port catwalk and cartwheeled into the sea. Two others dived at

1073: 1017: 829: 792: 758: 406: 238: 3946: 1413:, already famous for developing effective aerial tactics against the Japanese such as the 8: 6903: 6455: 6402: 6375: 6365: 6311: 6306: 6291: 6168: 5992: 5671: 5666: 5549: 5430: 5401: 4744: 4717: 3122: 2718: 2392: 2325: 2319: 2091: 1743: 1731: 1685: 1620: 1576: 1458: 1331: 1297: 1139: 1081: 800: 609: 572: 545: 370: 6243: 4642: 3844: 2907: 2154:

strikes, British fleet carriers with their armoured flight decks recovered more quickly

1524:

extremely difficult. By 1945, large numbers of anti-aircraft shells with radiofrequency

521:, was heavily damaged during a Japanese bombing raid when a large twin-engined Japanese 6424: 6361: 6183: 6153: 5694: 4582: 4570: 4212: 3401: 2988: 2313: 1886: 1466: 1055: 576: 346: 317: 291: 230: 2846: 1938:

attacks on American ships on 15 August 1945, hours after Japan's announced surrender.

6948: 6783: 6699: 6465: 6158: 6138: 5905: 5534: 5405: 5382: 5363: 5344: 5315: 5296: 5279: 5255: 5249: 5238: 5221: 5204: 5186: 5169: 5159: 5131: 5112: 5095: 5076: 5053: 5025: 4959: 4772: 4732: 4574: 4560: 3878: 3751: 3391: 3362: 3313: 3293: 3277: 3257: 3237: 3197: 3186: 3161: 3097: 2914: 2536: 2173: 1853: 1696: 1588: 1447: 1430: 1244: 1009: 857: 592: 160: 97: 5614: 3808: 3747: 3615:

ww2pacific.com, 2004, "World War II in the Pacific: Japanese Suicide Attacks at Sea"

2471:

It's all a lie that they left filled with braveness and joy, crying, "Long live the

2453:

pilots as noble soldiers willing to sacrifice their lives for the country. In 2006,

1441:

at least 80 km (50 mi) from the main body of the fleet to provide earlier

1296:

that had flown almost 4,000 km (2,500 mi) from Japan, in a mission called

333: 66: 6709: 6606: 6326: 6047: 5719: 4552: 3127: 2977: 2973: 2812: 2571: 2424: 2420: 2411: 2364: 2331: 2287: 2257: 1795: 1680: 1551: 1438: 1422: 1194: 1154:

strike forward of its aft elevator the day before); and three smaller escorts: USS

1036: 1028: 916: 712: 700: 662: 619: 502: 490: 459: 375: 6581: 4556: 1900:

s on 11 May 1945, resulting in 396 personnel dead or missing and over 260 wounded.

1860:. In the middle of August the Japanese military planned to dispatch a group of 30 681: 225:

were still able to hit their targets even after their aircraft had been crippled.

6926: 6799: 6626: 6331: 6253: 6173: 5646: 5485: 5448: 4316: 4309: 3925: 3906: 3684: 3621: 3307: 3035: 2941: 2853:

attack because he thought the task of fighter pilots was to shoot down aircraft.

2737:

Chiran high school girls wave farewell with cherry blossom branches to departing

2655: 2459: 2454: 2280: 1883:

crashed without hitting their targets. Damage from these attacks was negligible.

1353: 1159: 1096: 925: 773: 168: 6248: 3107: 2878: 2842: 2820: 630:, strategically important to Tokyo because of the islands' location between the 221:

was more accurate than conventional attacks, and often caused more damage. Some

87: 6773: 6576: 6470: 6296: 6286: 6143: 6107: 5529: 5069: 4454:"Admiral Spruance Recounts Kamikaze Attack on His Flagship, New Mexico (BB-40)" 3942: 3897: 3726: 3499:"John E. Bennett oral history interview, February 5, 1994 and February 6, 1994" 3405: 3383: 3132: 3057: 2886: 2833:

Some Japanese military personnel were critical of the policy. Officers such as

2746: 2587: 2100:

was hit in March and had to retire for repairs which forced him to transfer to

1806: 1525: 1472: 1396: 1314:, opposed to converted fighters and dive-bombers, were also being constructed. 1268: 1089: 1085: 1066: 998: 833: 815: 811: 747: 739: 735: 726: 684:

news agency that a flight instructor named Takeo Tagata was training pilots in

522: 389:), which literally means "special attack unit". This is usually abbreviated to 191:

pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by

164: 6611: 6586: 4099: 3968: 2930: 2387: 446: 6942: 6704: 6102: 5823: 5813: 5641: 5606: 5099: 4486:"Precision Weapons, Power Projection, and The Revolution In Military Affairs" 3826:"HyperWar: Antiaircraft Action Summary – Suicide Attacks [Chapter 2]" 3675: 3229: 3102: 3062: 3014: 2981: 2799:

missions often flew southwest from Japan over the 922 m (3,025 ft)

2762: 2178: 2115: 2111: 1970: 1813: 1762: 1604: 1517: 1476:

An A6M5 "Zero" diving towards American ships in the Philippines in early 1945

1426: 1315: 1301: 1260: 1201: 871: 696: 365: 338: 59: 6203: 1131:

from the Special Attack Force had also damaged three large escort carriers:

844: 6719: 6678: 5699: 5576: 5213: 5173: 3049: 2891: 2882: 2870: 2834: 2816: 2800: 2776: 2761:

missions, it has also been contended that there was extensive coercion and

2686: 2567: 2343: 2337: 1975: 1931: 1833: 1780: 1600: 1364: 1360: 1289: 1113:. Seki however, under heavy fire and trailing smoke, aborted the attack on 826: 819: 804: 777: 732: 451: 342: 180: 6273: 5890: 5283: 4551:. Vol. 27. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis UK. pp. 50–84. 4190: 2627:

of the Special Attack Corps." Publishers also played up the idea that the

2240:

survived to score a hit on a ship; nearly 8.5 percent of all ships hit by

2041:-related attacks that they were knocked out for the remainder of the war. 1707: 6346: 5900: 5443: 4833:

The Last Zero Fighter: Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

3642: 3614: 2579: 1715: 1414: 1344:

attacks from March 1945. U.S. personnel gave them the derisive nickname "

913:

Shikishima no Yamato-gokoro wo hito towaba, asahi ni niou yamazakura bana

849: 358: 304: 176: 5109:

The Last Zero Fighter Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

5013: 4994: 4976: 2792:

and other Japanese air bases during the Battle of Okinawa were Koreans.

2449:

As time wore on, modern critics questioned the nationalist portrayal of

6919: 6148: 5764: 4609:"The Saturday Profile; Shadow Shogun Steps Into Light, to Change Japan" 2874: 2808: 2757:

While it is commonly perceived that volunteers signed up in droves for

2700: 2695: 2636: 2273: 2074:-class carriers to never serve on active duty after World War II while 1787:

hits a Limey carrier it's just a case of 'Sweepers, man your brooms'."

1645:. American carriers also suffered considerably heavier casualties from 1608: 1410: 1319: 1234: 1118: 908: 876: 769: 466: 6778: 6057: 5275:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945

2003:

were unable to turn the tide of the war and stop the Allied invasion.

1626:

earned the nickname "The Ship That Would Not Die" after surviving six

1039:, and wounded 64, including the Australian force commander, Commodore 6475: 6450: 6445: 6258: 6129: 6062: 5734: 4851: 4332:. Naval History and Heritage Command National Museum of the U.S. Navy 3969:"History and Technology – Kamikaze Damage to US and British Carriers" 3602:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945

3072: 2651: 2539:, who continually came back to base was shot after his ninth return. 2197:

25 November 1944. Over 75 men were killed or missing and 100 wounded.

1596: 1434: 1024: 990: 868: 861: 4033: 4016:"Воспоминания очевидцев: Японцы отправляли на фронт танки-камикадзе" 3498: 3361:. Milsons Point NSW Australia: Random House Australia. p. 122. 3274:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

1061:

on 24 October is listed in some sources as the first ship lost to a

485:

One example of this may have occurred on 7 December 1941 during the

6554: 5678: 5622: 3801:"Divine Wind The Japanese secret weapon – kamikaze suicide attacks" 3010: 3006: 2960:(2007), directed by Taku Shinjo (Original title: "俺は、君のためにこそ死ににいく" 2603: 2595: 2472: 1948: 1840: 1392: 1327: 1035:. The attack killed 30 personnel, including the cruiser's captain, 704: 631: 465:

on 25 November 1944. The attack left 15 killed and 44 wounded. The

202: 28: 5454: 3918: 3088:

List of Imperial Japanese Navy air-to-surface special attack units

3083:

List of Imperial Japanese Army air-to-surface special attack units

2158:. Post-war analysis showed that some British carriers such as HMS 986: 559: 5729: 5425: 4135:"The Soviet Invasion of Manchuria led to Japan's Greatest Defeat" 3672:"Motoori Norinaga: A scholar-physician who loved cherry blossoms" 2781: 2709: 2704: 2647: 2370: 1955:. The Soviet–Japanese War, and World War II, had come to an end. 1870:

also operated against Red Army ground units. On August 10, three

1612: 721: 279: 255: 250: 245: 210: 187:

more effectively than with conventional air attacks. About 3,800

184: 4690:"Advice to Japanese kamikaze pilots during the second world war" 3388:

Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation

2574:

to differentiate the Japanese state's ideology from traditional

1725:

was damaged beyond economical repair and scrapped after the war.

1565: 1274:("Tojo") fighters, whose pilots were instructed to collide with 583:, made operations more and more difficult for the IJNAS. By the 6724: 6647: 6407: 5581: 5185:(in Japanese). Translated by Yoshio Masuda. Kasumi Publishing. 3359:

Battle Surface! Japan's Submarine War Against Australia 1942–44

2714: 2575: 2402:

aircraft used towards the end of the war. The U.S. called them

1812:("Nick") heavy fighters caused enough damage for the destroyer 1069:, was not flown by the original four Special Attack Squadrons. 796: 788: 685: 271: 267: 3845:"United States of America 20 mm/70 (0.79") Marks 2, 3 & 4" 3698:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3660:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3647:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

2264:, lists in a 2007 article 47 ships known to have been sunk by 7019:

Aviation accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes

5774: 4283:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 4113:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 2233: 1442: 670: 588: 418: 414: 259: 5145:

Inoguchi, Rikihei; Nakajima, Tadashi; Pineau, Roger (1959).

3078:

Kampfgeschwader 200 § Suicide and near-suicide missions

1649:

strikes; for instance, 389 men were killed in one attack on

1495:

attacks. Light rapid-fire anti-aircraft weapons such as the

393:(特攻隊). More specifically, air suicide attack units from the 6805:

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God

5235:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers.

3518:

U.S. Naval War College Analysis, p. 1; Parshall and Tully,

3508:– via East Carolina University Manuscript Collection. 2996:) a 2024 film also directed by Takashi Yamazaki set in the 2674: 2614:

First recruits for Japanese Kamikaze suicide pilots in 1944

971: 580: 323: 303:

was a reference to the two typhoons that sank or dispersed

116: 5291:

Willmott, H. P.; Cross, Robin; Messenger, Charles (2004).

4768:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

4719:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

2631:

were enshrined at Yasukuni and ran exaggerated stories of

2521:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

699:

decided to launch a suicide attack the following morning.

5218:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

5014:"Ore wa, kimi no tame ni koso shini ni iku (2007) – IMDb" 4432:"H-048-1: Kamikaze Attacks on U.S. Flagships off Okinawa" 4003:, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington. pp. 383–384 2784:

to take Japanese personal names. Eleven of the 1,036 IJA

1819:

to be scuttled. The last ship in the war to be sunk, the

1491:

Allied gunners had begun to develop techniques to negate

229:

than it could train their replacements, and the nation's

2134:, forcing him to have to change his flagship yet again. 4156:"Soviet Invasion of Manchuria: Catching Japan Unawares" 1371:. During 1945, the Japanese military began stockpiling 795:. The Imperial Japanese Navy's 1st Air Fleet, based at 5290: 5144: 4407:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4376:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4319:, Pacific War, Washington D.C., 1 July 1946, pp 70–71. 3438:. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, United States Marine Corps 3234:

War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War

1805:

attacks on Allied forces off Okinawa, while a pair of

1801:("Peggy") medium bombers, based on Formosa, undertook 852:, holding a puppy, with four other pilots of the 72nd 738:, the commander of the 26th Air Flotilla (part of the 345:" and has been used since August 1281 to refer to the 5335: 5237:

Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

4546: 2918:, an anthology of short films containing one about a 2463:, criticized Japanese nationalists' glorification of 2432:

me with 300 aircraft and I will turn the tide of war.

2398:("cherry blossom"), a specially built rocket-powered 1779:

hits a U.S. carrier it means six months of repair at

718:

was hit by a deliberately crashed Japanese aircraft.

5251:

Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze

3025: 2023:, were crucial. In fact, three large fleet carriers— 1737:

and was engaged by anti-aircraft guns. Although the

1587:

attack frequency came during April–June 1945 at the

548:(1942–1945) – notably the Battles of 429:

in Japanese. During World War II, the pronunciation

327:

is the word for "god", "spirit", or "divinity", and

5156:

Divine Thunder: The Life and Death of the Kamikazes

2927:

Last Kamikaze Testimonials from WWII Suicide Pilots

2295:14 destroyers, including the last ship to be sunk, 1633:American carriers, with their wooden flight decks, 1429:well away from the carrier force. This recommended 780:and was given official credit for making the first 5068: 4847:"International : A "Japanese hero" goes home" 4102:, NavSource Online: Aircraft Carrier Photo Archive 3465:The Shanghai Sunday Times, March 1, 1942, page 1 . 2118:were yards away from getting killed or wounded by 1395:(A6M2 Model 21) towards the end of its run at the 5312:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 5199:Parshall, Jonathan B., Tully, Anthony P. (2005). 3188:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 6940: 6632:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5379:Fire from the Sky: Surviving the Kamikaze Threat 5357: 5149:. London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. 4488:. USAF Historical Studies Office. Archived from 4030:"Смертники и полусмертники против Красной Армии" 3390:, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 120–126, 2137:Spruance later wrote about the effectiveness of 1457:(BPF) used the high-altitude performance of its 1340:, launched from bombers, were first deployed in 1307:survived a hit from an aircraft just off Japan. 1008:Several suicide attacks, carried out during the 966: 6833:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 6602:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 5220:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 4527:. Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 139. 4509: 4507: 3842: 3562:"Father of the Kamikaze Liner Notes – AnimEigo" 3009:Kōichi Shikishima as he encounters the monster 1790:Twin-engine aircraft were occasionally used in 1630:attacks and four bomb hits during this battle. 711:According to some sources, on 14 October 1944, 401:(神風特別攻撃隊, "divine wind special attack units"). 127: 5591: 4764: 4749: 4714: 3820: 3818: 3662:, pp. 289–290 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 1641:hits than the armoured-decked carriers of the 473:port wing tank trails fuel vapor and/or smoke. 413:or Chinese-derived pronunciation) of the same 237:tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the 138: 85: 69:, 21, the pilots who flew their aircraft into 7004:Military history of Japan during World War II 6974:Aerial operations and battles of World War II 6663: 5470: 5376: 5011: 4876:(25 September 2004). Retrieved 21 August 2011 3725:(28). Australian War Memorial. Archived from 2094:'s flagships were struck two separate times ( 5047: 4810: 4635:"Publisher dismayed by Japanese nationalism" 4504: 3798: 3436:"Fusata Iida: WWII's first 'Kamikaza' pilot" 3381: 2972:(永遠の0 Eien no Zero) a 2013 film directed by 2669:pilots departed on their final mission. The 2250:The Sacred Warriors: Japan's Suicide Legions 1856:. It is believed to have been attacked by a 1106:fire. The last two, Seki among them, ran at 787:On 17 October 1944, Allied forces assaulted 750:"Betty" twin engined bomber against a large 746:tactic. Arima personally led an attack by a 742:), is sometimes credited with inventing the 16:1944–1945 Japanese suicidal aircraft attacks 5954:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 5030:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4771:. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4405:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - March 1945" 3945:Naval & Maritime Museum. Archived from 3815: 3382:Porter, Edgar A.; Porter, Ran Ying (2017), 3192:. New Vanguard. Osprey Publishing. p. 2869:in English), released in 1970, produced by 2677:or water known as "mizu no sakazuki". Many 1409:In early 1945, U.S. Navy aviator Commander 1382: 772:seized on Arima's example. He was promoted 602:On 19 June 1944, aircraft from the carrier 505:when a damaged American bomber flew at the 175:naval vessels in the closing stages of the 6670: 6656: 5477: 5463: 4900:Tokko Kyohi No Ishoku Shudan Suiseyashutai 3892: 3890: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3474: 2252:), arrived at a total of 57 ships sunk by 1375:, Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka, other aircraft and 1352:is Japanese for "idiot" or "stupid"). The 1088:. One Zero attempted to hit the bridge of 907:. These names were taken from a patriotic 887:The names of the four subunits within the 6352:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5967:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 4456:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4434:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4374:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - May 1945" 4191:"終戦後に特攻した「神州不滅特別攻撃隊」そこには女性の姿も。彼らが残した思いとは" 3909:(U.S. Navy) Access date: 1 December 2007. 3649:, p. 289 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3312:. London: Pearson Education. p. ix. 3296:, Tome I, poem 163, Tome IV poem 500 etc. 2962:Ore wa, Kimi no Tame ni Koso Shini ni Iku 1499:autocannons were still useful though the 1417:, developed a defensive strategy against 1233:Early successes – such as the sinking of 997:from the tail of a "Judy" on the deck of 5740:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 5444:World War II Database: Kamikaze Doctrine 5439:An ex-kamikaze pilot creates a new world 5247: 4675: 4522: 4301: 4299: 3836: 3179: 3177: 3093:List of ships damaged by kamikaze attack 2894:also produced a biographical film about 2732: 2609: 2386: 2172: 1969: 1885: 1706: 1679: 1564: 1539: 1471: 1386: 1367:biplane trainers were also converted to 985: 970: 843: 720: 680:In August 1944, it was announced by the 641: 563:Model 52c Zeros ready to take part in a 558: 529:, were killed or wounded. This de facto 445: 321:is usually translated as "divine wind" ( 295: 285: 213:, and/or other explosives. About 19% of 27: 5089: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4549:Excavating the Power of Memory in Japan 4483: 3887: 3716: 3703: 3700:, p284 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3356: 3252:Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook, 3160:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 171. 3068:Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots 1516:presented a very difficult problem for 1318:Mitsuo Ohta had suggested that piloted 1171: 1023:. This aircraft was possibly either an 933: – it is the flowers of 803:("Zeke") carrier-based fighters, three 657:flight deck amidships 25 November 1944. 6941: 6865:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones 6550:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 5309: 5268: 5153: 4306:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 3433: 3183: 2639:for little children that promoted the 2557: 1974:Ugaki, shortly before taking off in a 1896:, an aircraft carrier, was hit by two 1045:Australian official history of the war 650:aircraft explodes after crashing into 331:for "wind"). The word originated from 7014:World War II suicide weapons of Japan 6651: 5458: 5396:Wragg, David (2011). "10. Kamikaze". 5395: 5066: 5048:Axell, Albert; Hideaki, Kase (2002). 4937:Allan R. Millett, Williamson Murray, 4831:King, Dan (July 2012). "4 Imaizumi". 4296: 3877:, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2008 3434:Mulero, Alexis R. (7 December 2001). 3305: 3210: 3174: 3155: 2164:Britain's post-war economic situation 1978:3 to participate in one of the final 201:aircraft were pilot-guided explosive 96: 5959:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 5715:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 5180: 5125: 5106: 4830: 4819: 4075: 3867:Danger's Hour, The Story of the USS 3218:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 6840:House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths 6622:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 5869:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 5484: 4745:University of Chicago Press website 3512: 3475:McCandless, Bruce (November 1958). 2717:from their families and were given 2665:Ceremonies were carried out before 2086:were so relentless at Okinawa that 1595:attacks focused at first on Allied 1512:could reach its target. The speedy 1243:When Japan began to suffer intense 915:by the Japanese classical scholar, 458:) "Judy" in a suicide dive against 13: 5329: 4889:(Japanese), Nekopublishing, p. 376 4641:. 10 February 2006. Archived from 4354:. U.S. Naval Institute. April 2005 3843:DiGiulian, Tony (September 2006). 2618:Following the commencement of the 2006:While on paper it may appear that 1288:was hit and moderately damaged at 538:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 14: 7030: 5419: 2958:Assault on the Pacific – Kamikaze 2931:Documentary Educational Resources 2156:compared to their US counterparts 2114:and his chief of staff Commodore 1579:(visible top left), 11 April 1945 691:One source claims that the first 511:'s bridge but missed. During the 209:) in aircraft loaded with bombs, 6677: 6322:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 5590: 5398:The Pacific Naval War, 1941–1945 4915:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 197–99 4902:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 104–08 4855:. 22 August 2005. Archived from 3042: 3028: 2795:It is said that young pilots on 2788:pilots who died in sorties from 2703:, a tradition stemming from the 1520:fire, since their velocity made 1292:, in the Caroline Islands, by a 1211: 1180: 1047:claimed that this was the first 1033:Imperial Japanese Army Air Force 768:. The Japanese high command and 49: 40: 6337:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 5343:. University of Chicago Press. 5203:. Washington: Potomac Books. 5041: 5005: 4995:"Father of the Kamikaze (1974)" 4987: 4969: 4948: 4931: 4918: 4905: 4892: 4879: 4863: 4839: 4801: 4792: 4758: 4708: 4657: 4627: 4601: 4540: 4531: 4516: 4477: 4468: 4446: 4424: 4397: 4366: 4344: 4322: 4275: 4249: 4227: 4205: 4183: 4170: 4148: 4127: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4069: 4048: 4022: 4018:(in Russian). 3 September 2015. 4008: 3992: 3979: 3961: 3931: 3912: 3896:Naval Historical Center, 2004, 3859: 3792: 3766: 3757: 3741: 3690: 3665: 3652: 3636: 3627: 3608: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3554: 3542: 3525: 3491: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3427: 3418: 3375: 3350: 2707:, who did so before committing 1450:making repairs more difficult. 1072:On 25 October 1944, during the 945:A less literal translation is: 618:The important Japanese base of 148:Divine Wind Special Attack Unit 6592:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 5710:Imperial Rescript on Education 5295:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 5248:Sheftall, Mordecai G. (2005). 5050:Kamikaze: Japan's Suicide Gods 4939:Military Effectiveness Volume3 4765:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2007). 4715:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2006). 4215:(in Japanese). 20 October 2002 4056:"Kamikazes: The Soviet Legacy" 3326: 3299: 3286: 3266: 3246: 3223: 3149: 2803:. The mountain is also called 2584:Imperial Rescript on Education 2382: 2150:In the immediate aftermath of 1721:following action off Okinawa. 1668:case, by a dive bomber, not a 1635:appeared to suffer more damage 1575:shortly before being hit by a 1535: 1484:pilots easy targets. The U.S. 1281:On 11 March, the U.S. carrier 950:Asked about the soul of Japan, 374:. She was a prototype for the 1: 6043:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 5949:Imperial General Headquarters 5540:Foreign commerce and shipping 5449:What motivated the Kamikazes? 5111:. California: Pacific Press. 5012:whatdoes1know (12 May 2007). 4874:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4665:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4557:10.1080/09555803.2015.1045540 4090:. Retrieved 3 September 2024. 4005:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3928:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3535:, pp. 176–86; Eric Bergerud, 3384:""I Shall Die with Pleasure"" 3254:Japan at War: An Oral History 3138: 1300:. On 20 March, the submarine 1276:United States Army Air Forces 1267:. The unit was equipped with 1054:The sinking of the ocean tug 967:Leyte Gulf: the first attacks 839: 637: 634:of Southeast Asia and Japan. 441: 157:Japanese Special Attack Units 6858:Guyana: Crime of the Century 6370:Hirohito surrender broadcast 5770:Greater East Asia Conference 4928:(Japanese), Kojinsha, p. 162 4639:International Herald Tribune 4484:Hallion, Richard P. (1999). 4417:For destroyed aircraft from 4386:For destroyed aircraft from 4352:"Hellish Prelude at Okinawa" 4032:(in Russian). Archived from 3719:"The first kamikaze attack?" 2326:Landing Ship Medium (Rocket) 2302:on 29 July 1945, off Okinawa 2106:which was also hit in May). 2037:—were so heavily damaged by 1127:By 26 October day's end, 55 1084:where they attacked several 958:Glowing in the morning sun. 585:Battle of the Philippine Sea 262:until death. In addition to 7: 5755:Supreme Court of Judicature 5075:. New York: Gallery Books. 4725:University of Chicago Press 3999:Sydney David Waters, 1956, 3343:Online Etymology Dictionary 3272:Meirion and Susie Harries, 3021: 2948:Ore wa, kimi no tameni koso 2479: 2256:. Bill Gordon, an American 1916:Tanker on a foreign vehicle 1249:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses 1031:of the 6th Flying Brigade, 597:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 513:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 425:or Japanese pronunciation) 399:shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai 128: 10: 7035: 6461:Second Philippine Republic 6239:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 5278:. New York: Random House. 4977:"Saigo no tokkôtai (1970)" 4943:Cambridge University Press 4523:Inoguchi, Rikihei (1958). 4001:The Royal New Zealand Navy 2673:shared ceremonial cups of 2635:bravery – there were even 2181:gun aboard the battleship 1965: 1117:and instead banked toward 923:If someone asks about the 891:Special Attack Force were 450:Lt. Yoshinori Yamaguchi's 436: 368:newspaper group was named 289: 131:Shinpū Tokubetsu Kōgekitai 18: 6874: 6849: 6817: 6792: 6752:Order of the Solar Temple 6692: 6685: 6569: 6542: 6484: 6438: 6395: 6388: 6342:Japan during World War II 6302:Pacification of Manchukuo 6272: 6202: 6194:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 6189:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 6127: 6120: 6071: 6058:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 6011: 5937: 5930: 5877: 5795: 5788: 5780:Imperial Japanese Airways 5687: 5634: 5599: 5588: 5492: 5381:. Naval Institute Press. 5358:Rielly, Robin L. (2010). 5181:O'Neill, Richard (1988). 5071:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3865:Kennedy, Maxwell Taylor: 3624:. Accessed 1 August 2007. 3549:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3477:"The San Francisco Story" 3292:Used as "Kamikaze no" in 2906:in English), directed by 2807:(meaning a mountain like 2780:ordinance that compelled 2590:" as well as protect the 2457:, editor-in-chief of the 2088:United States Fifth Fleet 956:Like wild cherry blossoms 937:that are fragrant in the 624:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 495:Naval Air Station Kaneohe 469:are extended and the non- 139: 86: 21:Kamikaze (disambiguation) 6969:1945 in military history 6964:1944 in military history 6890:Chitty Chitty Death Bang 6826:Jonestown: Paradise Lost 6317:Second Sino-Japanese War 6264:Racial Equality Proposal 5844:Agriculture and Commerce 5402:Pen & Sword Maritime 5154:Millot, Bernard (1971). 4926:Saikyo Sentoki Shidenkai 3717:Nichols, Robert (2004). 3158:A Dictionary of Aviation 3156:Wragg, David W. (1973). 3143: 2582:sentiment. In 1890, the 1714:damage to the destroyer 1691:after being struck by a 1383:Allied defensive tactics 1259:) at Narimasu Airfield, 542:Solomon Islands campaign 477:Before the formation of 6234:Washington Naval Treaty 6179:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 6164:First Sino-Japanese War 5983:Nuclear weapons program 5725:Great Japan Youth Party 5652:National seals of Japan 5310:Zaloga, Steven (2011). 5126:Hoyt, Edwin P. (1993). 4330:"Pre-Okinawa Kamikazes" 3774:"Japanese Ki-9 biplane" 3683:11 January 2009 at the 3357:Jenkins, David (1992). 2856: 2849:refused to engage in a 2350:high-speed minesweepers 2272:three escort carriers: 2110:commander Vice Admiral 2108:Fast Carrier Task Force 1982:strikes, 15 August 1945 1775:who commented: "When a 1750:was again damaged by a 1559:Battle of Lingayen Gulf 1486:Fast Carrier Task Force 1338:rocket-powered aircraft 1265:Tokyo Metropolitan Area 755:-class aircraft carrier 397:were officially called 183:, intending to destroy 6984:Imperial Japanese Navy 6897:The Field Where I Died 6282:Shōwa financial crisis 6074:Imperial Japanese Navy 6014:Imperial Japanese Army 5745:Peace Preservation Law 5377:Stern, Robert (2010). 4315:25 August 2003 at the 3905:2 January 2013 at the 3875:Pilot who Crippled Her 3306:Axell, Albert (2002). 3184:Zaloga, Steve (2011). 2978:novel of the same name 2904:Father of the Kamikaze 2754: 2615: 2516: 2498: 2477: 2434: 2407: 2246: 2198: 2148: 1983: 1901: 1794:attacks. For example, 1754:, as were the carrier 1726: 1704: 1580: 1562: 1477: 1425:" to establish Allied 1406: 1102:but were destroyed by 1005: 983: 961: 943: 865: 848:26 May 1945. Corporal 791:Island, beginning the 729: 688:for suicide missions. 658: 568: 487:attack on Pearl Harbor 474: 395:Imperial Japanese Navy 312: 309:invading Mongol fleets 33: 6994:Japan in World War II 6224:Siberian Intervention 6033:Railways and Shipping 5849:Commerce and Industry 5545:Industrial production 5337:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5231:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5067:Brown, David (1990). 5052:. New York: Longman. 4807:Axell, pp. 38, 41, 43 4235:"神州不滅特別攻撃隊之碑（世田谷観音寺）" 3924:25 March 2017 at the 3811:on 28 September 2006. 3799:Bill Coombes (1995). 3620:13 April 2020 at the 2736: 2613: 2511: 2483: 2469: 2429: 2390: 2377:Landing Craft Support 2226: 2176: 2143: 2130:was also struck by a 1973: 1889: 1710: 1683: 1643:British Pacific Fleet 1568: 1543: 1475: 1455:British Pacific Fleet 1390: 1330:refined Ohta's idea. 989: 974: 947: 921: 847: 724: 645: 562: 449: 299: 286:Definition and origin 239:Japanese home islands 155:, were a part of the 31: 6979:Battle of Leyte Gulf 6883:El cerco de Numancia 6637:Political dissidence 6486:Occupied territories 6229:General Election Law 6053:Taiwan Army of Japan 5404:. pp. 143–154. 4956:Zero-sen Gekitsui-Oh 4671:. 25 September 2004. 3949:on 27 September 2011 3424:Axell, pp. 34, 40–41 3309:Japan's Suicide Gods 3113:September 11 attacks 2719:military decorations 2307:high-speed transport 2228:Approximately 2,800 2053:lost 78 planes, and 1852:was sunk during the 1459:Supermarine Seafires 1448:delayed-action bombs 1172:Main wave of attacks 1074:Battle of Leyte Gulf 793:Battle of Leyte Gulf 703:Takeshi Kosai and a 544:(1942–1945) and the 19:For other uses, see 6700:1906 Badung puputan 6456:Wang Jingwei regime 6366:Potsdam Declaration 6357:Soviet–Japanese War 6312:Anti-Comintern Pact 6307:January 28 incident 6292:London Naval Treaty 6169:Triple Intervention 5998:Supreme War Council 5882:deliberative bodies 4913:Shidenkai No Rokuki 4261:Mainichi Daily News 3346:. 11 December 2015. 3123:Sonderkommando Elbe 3118:Shinpūren rebellion 3002:franchise, follows 2811:but located in the 2566:invented the term " 2564:US military leaders 2558:Cultural background 2320:Landing Ship Medium 2260:who specializes in 2092:Raymond A. Spruance 1845:Soviet–Japanese War 1761:and the battleship 1583:The peak period of 1577:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 1497:20 mm Oerlikon 1465:attacks during the 1298:Operation Tan No. 2 1150:(which had taken a 1082:Hiroyoshi Nishizawa 801:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 665:, in charge of the 573:Grumman F6F Hellcat 567:attack (early 1945) 546:New Guinea campaign 515:the U.S. flagship, 383:tokubetsu kōgekitai 274:(human torpedoes), 231:industrial capacity 98:[kamiꜜkaze] 6875:In popular culture 6735:Nazi Germany, 1945 6184:Russo-Japanese War 6154:Two Lords Incident 5809:Imperial Household 5107:King, Dan (2012). 4958:Kyo-no-wadai-sha. 4859:on 1 October 2007. 4696:. 7 September 2009 4615:. 11 February 2006 4613:The New York Times 4036:on 13 January 2020 2994:Gojira Mainasu Wan 2989:Godzilla Minus One 2976:based on the 2006 2925:Masami Takahashi, 2755: 2616: 2519:Irokawa Daikichi, 2408: 2359:-class minesweeper 2314:Landing Ship, Tank 2199: 2090:commander Admiral 2070:and were the only 2066:also both had the 1984: 1902: 1727: 1705: 1664:were both hit (in 1581: 1563: 1478: 1453:Late in 1944, the 1431:combat air patrols 1407: 1006: 984: 919:. The poem reads: 866: 834:Mabalacat Airfield 818:("Betty") and two 730: 659: 593:combat air patrols 577:Vought F4U Corsair 569: 552:(August 1942) and 475: 361:in 1274 and 1281. 341:poetry modifying " 315:The Japanese word 313: 292:Kamikaze (typhoon) 34: 6999:Japanese aviators 6936: 6935: 6813: 6812: 6645: 6644: 6617:Socialist thought 6565: 6564: 6504:Dutch East Indies 6466:Empire of Vietnam 6384: 6383: 6159:Satsuma Rebellion 6139:Meiji Restoration 6116: 6115: 5926: 5925: 5864:Greater East Asia 5750:Political parties 5705:Foreign relations 5451:on WW2History.com 5128:The Last Kamikaze 4954:Iwamoto Tetsuzō, 4870:Los Angeles Times 4669:Los Angeles Times 4178:The Last Kamikaze 4100:Bunker Hill CV-17 3987:Aircraft Carriers 3752:San Jose, Mindoro 3729:on 2 October 2009 3687:, Vol. XXVI No, 1 3397:978-94-6298-259-8 3098:Leonidas Squadron 2952:For Those We Love 2867:The Last Kamikaze 2863:Saigo no Tokkōtai 2817:Kikaishima Island 2713:. Pilots carried 2693:would wear their 2650:that an American 2570:" as part of the 2537:Waseda University 2191:aircraft dive at 1944:invaded Manchuria 1854:Battle of Shumshu 1697:Sakishima Islands 1684:Aircraft carrier 1589:Battle of Okinawa 1561:, 6 January 1945. 1506:5"/38 caliber gun 1501:40 mm Bofors 1467:Iwo Jima landings 1439:destroyer escorts 1257:Shinten Seiku Tai 1245:strategic bombing 1204:, 6 January 1945. 1193:is attacked by a 1010:invasion of Leyte 982:, 25 October 1944 527:executive officer 161:military aviators 7026: 6710:Dance of Zalongo 6690: 6689: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6649: 6648: 6607:Shinmin no Michi 6597:Internment camps 6509:French Indochina 6393: 6392: 6244:Taishō Democracy 6125: 6124: 6048:Japanese holdout 5935: 5934: 5859:Colonial Affairs 5793: 5792: 5720:Yokusan Sonendan 5626: 5618: 5610: 5594: 5593: 5520:Economic history 5479: 5472: 5465: 5456: 5455: 5433:Kamikaze Diaries 5415: 5392: 5373: 5354: 5325: 5306: 5287: 5265: 5214:Peattie, Mark R. 5196: 5177: 5150: 5141: 5122: 5103: 5086: 5074: 5063: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5021: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4983:. 20 April 2009. 4973: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4935: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4896: 4890: 4883: 4877: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4828: 4817: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4742: 4722: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4686: 4673: 4672: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4578: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4401: 4395: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4326: 4320: 4303: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4263:. 24 August 2022 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4187: 4181: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4158:. 4 October 2016 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4006: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3935: 3929: 3916: 3910: 3894: 3885: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3807:. Archived from 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3776:. Archived from 3770: 3764: 3761: 3755: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3714: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3669: 3663: 3656: 3650: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3612: 3606: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3579: 3578:Axell, pp. 40–41 3576: 3570: 3569: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3529: 3523: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3303: 3297: 3290: 3284: 3270: 3264: 3250: 3244: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3191: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3153: 3128:Suicide by pilot 3052: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3038: 3033: 3032: 3031: 2974:Takashi Yamazaki 2969:The Eternal Zero 2929:(Watertown, MA: 2908:Kōsaku Yamashita 2900:Ā Kessen Kōkūtai 2813:Satsuma Province 2572:Shinto Directive 2523: 2496: 2495:pilots' manual, 2425:Shigeru Fukudome 2421:Takijiro Ohnishi 2412:Motoharu Okamura 2406:("idiot bombs"). 2365:submarine chaser 2177:A crewman in an 2122:on his flagship 2049:lost 59 planes, 1824:-class destroyer 1796:Mitsubishi Ki-67 1744:Grumman Avengers 1552:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1423:big blue blanket 1263:, to defend the 1215: 1195:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1184: 1037:Emile Dechaineux 1029:Mitsubishi Ki-51 917:Motoori Norinaga 701:First Lieutenant 663:Motoharu Okamura 656: 550:Eastern Solomons 503:Battle of Midway 491:First Lieutenant 376:Mitsubishi Ki-15 278:speedboats, and 177:Pacific campaign 154: 152: 149: 146: 142: 141: 135: 125: 123: 120: 114: 110: 107: 104: 100: 95: 91: 90: 53: 44: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7009:Suicide attacks 6939: 6938: 6937: 6932: 6927:Inspector Rishi 6870: 6845: 6809: 6788: 6681: 6676: 6646: 6641: 6627:Yasukuni Shrine 6561: 6538: 6480: 6434: 6380: 6332:Tripartite Pact 6327:Rape of Nanking 6268: 6254:Tapani incident 6198: 6174:Boxer Rebellion 6132: 6112: 6076: 6067: 6016: 6007: 5942: 5922: 5916:Representatives 5884: 5881: 5880:Legislative and 5873: 5839:Foreign Affairs 5802: 5799: 5784: 5683: 5662:Government Seal 5647:Rising Sun Flag 5630: 5624: 5616: 5608: 5595: 5586: 5488: 5486:Empire of Japan 5483: 5426:Kamikaze Images 5422: 5412: 5389: 5370: 5351: 5332: 5330:Further reading 5322: 5303: 5262: 5254:. NAL Caliber. 5201:Shattered Sword 5193: 5166: 5147:The Divine Wind 5138: 5119: 5083: 5060: 5044: 5039: 5023: 5022: 5010: 5006: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4953: 4949: 4936: 4932: 4923: 4919: 4911:Ikari Yoshiro, 4910: 4906: 4898:Watanabe Yoji, 4897: 4893: 4885:Henry Sakaida, 4884: 4880: 4868: 4864: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4829: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4763: 4759: 4755:Ohnuki-Tierney 4754: 4750: 4739: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4676: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4633: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4590: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4567: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4532: 4525:The Divine Wind 4521: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4410: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4379: 4377: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4317:Wayback Machine 4304: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4196: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4039: 4037: 4028: 4027: 4023: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3997: 3993: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3926:Wayback Machine 3917: 3913: 3907:Wayback Machine 3895: 3888: 3864: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3841: 3837: 3830:www.ibiblio.org 3824: 3823: 3816: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3780:on 4 March 2016 3772: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3715: 3704: 3695: 3691: 3685:Wayback Machine 3670: 3666: 3657: 3653: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3622:Wayback Machine 3613: 3609: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3537:Fire in the Sky 3530: 3526: 3520:Shattered Sword 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3408: 3406:j.ctt1pk3jj7.13 3398: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3355: 3351: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3304: 3300: 3291: 3287: 3271: 3267: 3251: 3247: 3228: 3224: 3216:David Powers, " 3215: 3211: 3204: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3036:Aviation portal 3034: 3029: 3027: 3024: 2940:(Harriman, NY: 2938:Wings of Defeat 2936:Risa Morimoto, 2898:in 1974 called 2896:Takijirō Ōnishi 2859: 2847:Tetsuzō Iwamoto 2592:Imperial family 2560: 2525: 2518: 2497: 2491:Excerpt from a 2490: 2482: 2460:Yomiuri Shimbun 2455:Tsuneo Watanabe 2393:Yokosuka MXY-7 2385: 2220:According to a 1968: 1550:is struck by a 1538: 1526:proximity fuzes 1385: 1354:Nakajima Ki-115 1332:Yokosuka MXY-7 1231: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1216: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1185: 1174: 1086:escort carriers 969: 960: 957: 955: 953: 951: 905:Unit Yamazakura 893:Unit Shikishima 842: 830:Takijirō Ōnishi 812:torpedo bombers 654: 640: 444: 439: 349:that dispersed 294: 288: 169:Empire of Japan 165:suicide attacks 150: 147: 144: 136: 121: 115: 112: 108: 105: 102: 93: 83: 76: 75: 74: 73: 56: 55: 54: 46: 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7032: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6989:Japan campaign 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6923: 6916: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6851: 6850:Dramatizations 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6774:Peoples Temple 6771: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6749: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6694: 6687: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6546: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6471:State of Burma 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6442: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6399: 6397: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6297:Musha Incident 6294: 6289: 6287:Jinan incident 6284: 6278: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6208: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6144:Beipu uprising 6141: 6135: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6108:Treaty Faction 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6038:Imperial Guard 6035: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6017: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5945: 5943: 5938: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5887: 5885: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5803: 5798:Administration 5796: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5620: 5612: 5603: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5563: 5562: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5482: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5428: 5421: 5420:External links 5418: 5417: 5416: 5411:978-1848842830 5410: 5393: 5388:978-1591142676 5387: 5374: 5369:978-0786446544 5368: 5355: 5350:978-0226620916 5349: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5321:978-1849083539 5320: 5307: 5301: 5288: 5266: 5260: 5245: 5243:978-0226619507 5228: 5226:978-1591146643 5211: 5209:978-1574889239 5197: 5192:978-4876022045 5191: 5183:Suicide Squads 5178: 5164: 5151: 5142: 5136: 5123: 5118:978-1468178807 5117: 5104: 5092:Air Enthusiast 5087: 5082:978-0831726713 5081: 5064: 5058: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5004: 5001:. 1 June 2007. 4986: 4968: 4947: 4930: 4917: 4904: 4891: 4878: 4862: 4838: 4818: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4778:978-0226620923 4777: 4757: 4748: 4738:978-0226619507 4737: 4707: 4674: 4656: 4645:on 11 May 2006 4626: 4600: 4591:|journal= 4566:978-1138677296 4565: 4539: 4530: 4515: 4503: 4476: 4467: 4445: 4423: 4396: 4365: 4343: 4321: 4310:Summary Report 4295: 4274: 4248: 4226: 4204: 4182: 4169: 4147: 4126: 4104: 4092: 4080: 4068: 4047: 4021: 4007: 3991: 3978: 3960: 3943:Patriots Point 3930: 3911: 3886: 3883:978-0743260800 3858: 3847:. navweaps.com 3835: 3814: 3791: 3765: 3763:Toland, p. 567 3756: 3740: 3702: 3689: 3664: 3651: 3635: 3626: 3607: 3589: 3587:Toland, p. 568 3580: 3571: 3553: 3541: 3524: 3522:, pp. 416–430. 3511: 3490: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3426: 3417: 3396: 3374: 3367: 3349: 3325: 3319:978-0582772328 3318: 3298: 3285: 3265: 3245: 3222: 3209: 3203:978-1849083539 3202: 3173: 3166: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3135: 3133:Suicide weapon 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3058:Aerial ramming 3054: 3053: 3039: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3018: 2985: 2965: 2955: 2945: 2934: 2923: 2911: 2889: 2887:Shinichi Chiba 2873:, directed by 2858: 2855: 2805:"Satsuma Fuji" 2747:Nakajima Ki-43 2743:Toshio Anazawa 2559: 2556: 2528:ready to die. 2510: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2330:one auxiliary 2328: 2322: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2293: 2222:U.S. Air Force 1967: 1964: 1807:Kawasaki Ki-45 1605:merchant ships 1537: 1534: 1397:escort carrier 1384: 1381: 1310:Purpose-built 1269:Nakajima Ki-44 1255:Special Unit ( 1217: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1186: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1067:Mitsubishi G4M 968: 965: 948: 841: 838: 816:Mitsubishi G4M 748:Mitsubishi G4M 740:11th Air Fleet 736:Masafumi Arima 727:Masafumi Arima 639: 636: 523:Mitsubishi G4M 443: 440: 438: 435: 347:major typhoons 290:Main article: 287: 284: 270:(submarines), 67:Seizō Yasunori 58: 57: 48: 47: 39: 38: 37: 36: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7031: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6959:1945 in Japan 6957: 6955: 6954:1944 in Japan 6952: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6917: 6915: 6913: 6912:Stargate SG-1 6908: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6891: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6818:Documentaries 6816: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6715:Heaven's Gate 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6705:Burari deaths 6703: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6661: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6582:Fukoku kyōhei 6580: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439:Puppet states 6437: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6103:Fleet Faction 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6083:General Staff 6081: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6023:General Staff 6021: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5976:military code 5975: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5906:Imperial Diet 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5896:Privy Council 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5814:Home Ministry 5812: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5657:Imperial Seal 5655: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5642:Flag of Japan 5640: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5613: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5473: 5468: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5431:Excerpt from 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5413: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5362:. McFarland. 5361: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5323: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158:. Macdonald. 5157: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5094:(81): 28–35. 5093: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5073: 5072: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5033: 5027: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4927: 4921: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4887:Genda's Blade 4882: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4848: 4842: 4834: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4761: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4711: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4596: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4534: 4526: 4519: 4510: 4508: 4492:on 5 May 2009 4491: 4487: 4480: 4471: 4455: 4449: 4433: 4427: 4420: 4406: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4375: 4369: 4353: 4347: 4331: 4325: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4284: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4237:(in Japanese) 4236: 4230: 4214: 4208: 4193:(in Japanese) 4192: 4186: 4179: 4173: 4157: 4151: 4136: 4130: 4114: 4108: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4084: 4078:, p. 292 4077: 4072: 4057: 4051: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4017: 4011: 4004: 4002: 3995: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3760: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3699: 3696:Ivan Morris, 3693: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3661: 3658:Ivan Morris, 3655: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3630: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3584: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3500: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3456:Axell, p. 44. 3453: 3437: 3430: 3421: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3329: 3321: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3302: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230:John W. Dower 3226: 3219: 3213: 3205: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3169: 3167:9780850451634 3163: 3159: 3152: 3148: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3103:Human torpedo 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3063:Banzai charge 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3040: 3037: 3026: 3016: 3015:postwar Japan 3012: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2982:Naoki Hyakuta 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942:New Day Films 2939: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2877:and starring 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2772: 2769: 2764: 2763:peer pressure 2760: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2502: 2494: 2487: 2476: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2389: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2344:Liberty ships 2341: 2339: 2338:Victory ships 2335: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:Arleigh Burke 2113: 2112:Marc Mitscher 2109: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2082:The Japanese 2080: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1963: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1930:Vice Admiral 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1772:Indefatigable 1767: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1618: 1615:were sunk by 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1542: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518:anti-aircraft 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1474: 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Praeger. 4743:Extract at 4727:. pp. 4619:15 February 4496:21 December 4474:Willmott, . 4388:Bunker Hill 3869:Bunker Hill 3851:25 February 3643:Ivan Morris 3597:John Toland 3481:Proceedings 3236:pp. 1, 216 2954:in English) 2915:The Cockpit 2637:fairy tales 2580:nationalist 2383:Recruitment 2283:Ommaney Bay 2168:Bunker Hill 2124:Bunker Hill 2064:Bunker Hill 2051:Bunker Hill 2029:Bunker Hill 1992:Bunker Hill 1893:Bunker Hill 1843:during the 1658:Bunker Hill 1653:Bunker Hill 1609:battleships 1536:Final phase 1415:Thach Weave 1161:Kalinin Bay 1099:Fanshaw Bay 993:horizontal 952:I would say 897:Unit Yamato 850:Yukio Araki 628:Philippines 467:dive brakes 454:3 (Type 33 419:kun-reading 359:Kublai Khan 305:Kublai Khan 106:divine wind 71:Bunker Hill 6943:Categories 6920:Umi Yukaba 6376:Occupation 6204:Taishō era 6149:Boshin War 5993:War crimes 5789:Government 5765:Tonarigumi 5672:Privy Seal 5667:State Seal 5625:(Hirohito) 5550:Militarism 5505:Censorship 5314:. Osprey. 5302:0756605210 5261:0451214870 5233:. (2006). 5165:0356038564 5137:0275940675 5059:058277232X 4964:487565121X 4392:Enterprise 3442:18 January 3368:0091826381 3282:0394569350 3262:1565840143 3242:039450030X 3139:References 2902:(あゝ決戦航空隊, 2875:Junya Sato 2819:, east of 2809:Mount Fuji 2730:missions. 2701:death poem 2696:senninbari 2404:Baka Bombs 2187:watches a 2184:New Jersey 2160:Formidable 2128:Enterprise 2103:New Mexico 2076:Enterprise 2055:Enterprise 2034:Enterprise 1758:Victorious 1748:Formidable 1734:Formidable 1688:Formidable 1666:Franklin's 1597:destroyers 1547:Louisville 1435:destroyers 1411:John Thach 1166:Kitkun Bay 1092:Kitkun Bay 1018:HMAS 1001:Kitkun Bay 995:stabilizer 954:That it is 935:yamazakura 931:Shikishima 909:death poem 901:Unit Asahi 877:Yukio Seki 840:First unit 638:Beginnings 591:-directed 554:Santa Cruz 442:Background 415:characters 407:on-reading 378:("Babs"). 94:pronounced 65:, 22, and 6577:Sonnō jōi 6529:Singapore 6514:Hong Kong 6476:Azad Hind 6451:Mengjiang 6446:Manchukuo 6420:Kantō-shū 6362:Surrender 6274:Shōwa era 6259:Truku War 6130:Meiji era 6098:Tokkeitai 6063:Kempeitai 5974:Senjinkun 5891:Daijō-kan 5854:Munitions 5735:Mokusatsu 5525:Education 5216:(2001). 5100:0143-5450 4852:The Hindu 4593:ignored ( 4583:cite book 4575:216150961 4460:30 August 4438:30 August 4411:30 August 4380:30 August 4358:30 August 4336:30 August 4288:7 October 4267:8 October 4241:7 October 4219:7 October 4213:"神州不滅特攻隊" 4197:7 October 4162:7 October 4140:7 October 4119:7 October 4076:オネール 1988 4061:7 October 4040:7 October 3805:rwebs.net 3733:15 August 3539:, p. 668. 3531:Peattie, 3504:30 August 3294:Man'yōshū 3073:Hachimaki 2865:(最後の特攻隊, 2652:submarine 2467:attacks: 2391:Japanese 2299:Callaghan 2297:USS 2288:USS 2281:USS 2274:USS 2262:kamikazes 2254:kamikazes 2242:Kamikazes 2238:Kamikazes 2224:webpage: 2211:kamikazes 2139:kamikazes 2120:kamikazes 2084:kamikazes 2045:the war. 2001:kamikazes 1953:broadcast 1921:kamikazes 1907:kamikazes 1891:USS 1881:kamikazes 1877:kamikazes 1872:kamikazes 1868:Kamikazes 1836:biplane. 1829:Callaghan 1827:USS 1816:Dickerson 1814:USS 1783:. When a 1770:HMS 1763:HMS 1756:HMS 1732:HMS 1716:USS 1686:HMS 1651:USS 1621:USS 1570:USS 1545:USS 1532:attacks. 1419:kamikazes 1400:USS 1369:kamikazes 1312:kamikazes 1304:Devilfish 1302:USS 1283:USS 1235:USS 1188:USS 1133:USS 1129:kamikazes 1119:USS 1108:USS 1097:USS 1090:USS 1056:USS 1025:Aichi D3A 1020:Australia 999:USS 991:Starboard 980:kamikazes 869:Commander 862:Kagoshima 810:("Jill") 784:attack. 759:USS 713:USS 632:oilfields 610:USS 460:USS 264:kamikazes 254:code was 223:kamikazes 211:torpedoes 207:tai-atari 195:attacks. 163:who flew 6949:Kamikaze 6910:"Seth" ( 6793:Disputed 6784:Numantia 6747:Odaeyang 6730:Kamikaze 6555:Yen bloc 6543:Ideology 6534:Thailand 6403:Karafuto 6396:Colonies 5988:Kamikaze 5931:Military 5834:Treasury 5688:Policies 5679:Kimigayo 5600:Emperors 5567:Politics 5535:Eugenics 5493:Overview 5339:(2002). 5272:(1970). 5026:cite web 4649:11 March 4419:Franklin 4313:Archived 3985:Polmar, 3922:Archived 3903:Archived 3873:Kamikaze 3871:and the 3681:Archived 3677:The East 3618:Archived 3533:Sunburst 3336:Kamikaze 3022:See also 3011:Godzilla 3007:deserter 3004:kamikaze 2999:Godzilla 2920:kamikaze 2851:kamikaze 2839:kamikaze 2827:Kamikaze 2797:kamikaze 2786:kamikaze 2768:kamikaze 2759:kamikaze 2751:Hayabusa 2739:kamikaze 2728:kamikaze 2723:kamikaze 2691:kamikaze 2683:kamikaze 2679:kamikaze 2671:kamikaze 2667:kamikaze 2660:kamikaze 2656:Yasukuni 2641:kamikaze 2633:kamikaze 2629:kamikaze 2620:kamikaze 2604:Yasukuni 2552:hissatsu 2548:tokkōtai 2533:tokkōtai 2504:months. 2501:Tokkōtai 2493:kamikaze 2489:— 2480:Training 2465:kamikaze 2451:kamikaze 2439:kamikaze 2417:kamikaze 2400:kamikaze 2371:PT boats 2266:kamikaze 2230:Kamikaze 2203:kamikaze 2194:Intrepid 2189:kamikaze 2152:kamikaze 2132:kamikaze 2060:Franklin 2047:Franklin 2039:kamikaze 2025:Franklin 2021:Franklin 2016:Kamikaze 2012:kamikaze 2008:kamikaze 1996:kamikaze 1988:kamikaze 1980:kamikaze 1960:kamikaze 1936:kamikaze 1925:kamikaze 1911:kamikaze 1898:kamikaze 1862:kamikaze 1858:kamikaze 1841:Red Army 1822:Fletcher 1803:kamikaze 1792:kamikaze 1785:kamikaze 1777:kamikaze 1752:kamikaze 1739:kamikaze 1712:Kamikaze 1701:kamikaze 1695:off the 1693:kamikaze 1674:kamikaze 1670:kamikaze 1662:Franklin 1647:kamikaze 1639:kamikaze 1628:kamikaze 1617:kamikaze 1613:cruisers 1593:kamikaze 1585:kamikaze 1572:Missouri 1555:kamikaze 1530:kamikaze 1510:kamikaze 1493:kamikaze 1482:kamikaze 1463:kamikaze 1393:A6M Zero 1348:Bombs" ( 1342:kamikaze 1328:Yokosuka 1294:kamikaze 1285:Randolph 1224:Columbia 1220:kamikaze 1198:kamikaze 1190:Columbia 1152:kamikaze 1147:Suwannee 1135:Sangamon 1078:Kamikaze 1063:kamikaze 1049:kamikaze 1014:kamikaze 889:Kamikaze 881:kamikaze 782:kamikaze 766:Franklin 761:Franklin 744:kamikaze 705:sergeant 693:kamikaze 675:kamikaze 669:Base in 667:Tateyama 661:Captain 648:kamikaze 565:kamikaze 531:kamikaze 499:Taiatari 479:kamikaze 431:kamikaze 427:kamikaze 423:kun'yomi 391:tokkōtai 371:Kamikaze 318:kamikaze 301:Kamikaze 282:divers. 235:kamikaze 219:kamikaze 215:kamikaze 203:missiles 199:Kamikaze 193:kamikaze 189:kamikaze 185:warships 171:against 167:for the 80:Kamikaze 6779:Pilėnai 6121:History 6093:Marines 5730:Kokutai 5635:Symbols 5615:Taishō 5572:Statism 5515:Economy 5174:8142990 4945:, p. 34 4700:30 July 3953:22 June 3784:12 June 3723:Wartime 3551:: 9, 12 3411:8 April 3338:origin" 3276:p. 413 3256:p. 264 2950:(2007, 2944:, 2007) 2933:, 2008) 2782:Koreans 2715:prayers 2710:seppuku 2705:samurai 2648:torpedo 2596:Emperor 2486:skills. 2473:emperor 1966:Effects 1949:Emperor 1723:Newcomb 1718:Newcomb 1557:at the 1373:Tsurugi 1357:Tsurugi 1324:Kugisho 1253:Shinten 612:Indiana 605:Chiyoda 437:History 417:as the 411:on'yomi 405:is the 280:Fukuryu 256:loyalty 251:Bushido 246:samurai 140:神風特別攻撃隊 6904:Masada 6800:Masada 6740:Demmin 6725:Jauhar 6519:Malaya 6494:Borneo 6430:Taiwan 6425:Nan'yō 6415:Chōsen 6408:naichi 5623:Shōwa 5607:Meiji 5582:Kazoku 5530:System 5408: 5385: 5366: 5347: 5318: 5299: 5284:105915 5282: 5258: 5241: 5224: 5207: 5189: 5172: 5162: 5134: 5115: 5098: 5079: 5056: 4962: 4784:2 June 4775: 4735: 4573: 4563: 4176:Hoyt, 3881: 3605:p. 568 3404: 3394: 3365: 3316: 3280: 3260: 3240: 3200: 3164: 2992:(ゴジラ, 2790:Chiran 2749:-IIIa 2741:pilot 2721:. 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