Pacific War - Knowledge

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one strong point to another. The Japanese also went to great lengths to construct large underground chambers, some as much as five stories deep to serve as storage and hospital areas with thick walls and ceilings of reinforced concrete. A series of strong points covering the landing areas were also built, most covered with sand and carefully camouflaged. Well-camouflaged 120mm and 6-inch guns were emplaced so that their fire could be directed to the beaches. Smaller-caliber artillery, antiaircraft guns, and mortars were also hidden and located where only a direct hit could destroy them. The Japanese were determined to make the Americans pay a high price for Iwo Jima and were prepared to defend it to the death. Kuribayashi knew that he could not win the battle but hoped to inflict severe casualties so costly that it would slow the American advance on Japan and maybe give the Japanese bargaining power. In February, a total of 21,000 Japanese troops were deployed on Iwo Jima.

4734: 2873: 17805: 633: 3589: 17866: 6973: 3433: 6016: 6480: 6546: 120: 4917:, when Center Force fell upon a group of American escort carriers escorted only by destroyers and destroyer escorts. Both sides were surprised, but the outcome looked certain since the Japanese had four battleships, six heavy cruisers, and two light cruisers leading two destroyer squadrons. However, they conducted a largely indecisive gunnery duel before breaking off. Japanese losses were extremely heavy, with four carriers, three battleships, six heavy cruisers, four light cruisers and eleven destroyers sunk, while the Americans lost one light carrier and two escort carriers, two destroyers and two destroyer escorts. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle of World War II and arguably the 4309: 590: 6945: 17769: 17853: 6931: 4403:

organized and defended compared to Allied ones. The number of American submarines patrols (and sinkings) rose steeply: 350 patrols (180 ships sunk) in 1942, 350 (335) in 1943, and 520 (603) in 1944. By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because there were less ships available to target. In all, Allied submarines destroyed 1,200 merchant ships – about five million tons of shipping. At critical stages of the Guadalcanal, Saipan, and Leyte campaigns, thousands of Japanese troops were killed or diverted from where they were needed. Over 200 warships were sunk, including a battleship and no fewer than eight carriers.

71: 2642: 2142: 5202: 551: 5946: 6889: 468: 369: 3379:, Fiji, and Samoa. Because this required far fewer troops, on 13 March the Naval General Staff and the Army agreed to operations with the goal of capturing Fiji and Samoa. The Second Operational Phase began well when Lae and Salamaua, located in eastern New Guinea, were captured on 8 March. However, on 10 March, American carrier aircraft attacked the invasion forces and inflicted considerable losses. The raid had major operational implications because it forced the Japanese to stop their advance in the South Pacific, until the Combined Fleet provided the means to protect future operations. 17890: 17878: 6987: 4112: 3135: 606: 5740: 2784:(GHQ) began planning for a war with the Western powers in April or May 1941. Japan increased its naval budget as well as putting large formations of the Army and its attached air force under navy command. While formerly the IJA consumed the majority of the state's military budget (with a 73/27 split in 1940), from 1942 to 1945 there would instead be a roughly 60/40 split in funds between the army and the navy. Japan's key initial objective was to seize economic resources in the Dutch East Indies and Malaya to escape the effects of the Allied embargo. This was known as the 111: 4441: 3756: 2800:

divided into three separate parts in which the major objectives of the Philippines, British Malaya, Borneo, Burma, Rabaul and the Dutch East Indies would be occupied. The Second Operational Phase called for further expansion into the South Pacific by seizing eastern New Guinea, New Britain, Fiji, Samoa, and strategic points in the Australian area. In the Central Pacific, Midway was targeted as were the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific. Seizure of these key areas would provide defensive depth and deny the Allies staging areas from which to mount a counteroffensive.

18036: 18024: 18012: 18000: 17988: 17976: 17964: 17951: 17938: 17926: 17914: 516: 504: 416: 17793: 17781: 17721: 17902: 100: 3979: 4664:, the highest point on the island, was taken on 27 June. The Marines then steadily advanced northward. On the night of 6–7 July, a banzai attack took place in which three to four thousand Japanese made a fanatical charge that penetrated the lines near Tanapag before being wiped out. Following this attack, hundreds of locals committed mass suicide. On 9 July, organized resistance on Saipan ceased. The US Marines reached northernmost tip of Saipan, Marpi Point, twenty-four days after the landing. Only isolated groups of hidden Japanese troops remained. 5285: 541: 6917: 4999: 5438: 5544:, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Okinawan and Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The US Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids. Many military historians believe that the Okinawa campaign led directly to the 2508: 6875: 4604:, attacked the major naval base of Truk. Although the Japanese had moved their major vessels out in time to avoid being caught at anchor in the atoll, two days of air attacks resulted in significant losses to Japanese aircraft and merchant shipping. The Japanese were forced to abandon Truk and were now unable to counter the Americans on any front on the perimeter. Consequently, the Japanese retained their remaining strength for what they hoped would be a decisive battle. The Japanese then developed a new plan, known as 456: 355: 5525: 4930: 3324: 17627: 5830: 561: 580: 5303: 4489:, planned to withdraw into the Imphal plain and force the Japanese to fight with their communications stretching over scores of miles of jungle trails. However, they were slow to respond when the attack was launched and did not foresee some Japanese objectives. Some British and Indian units had to fight their way out of encirclement, but by early April they had concentrated around Imphal. Several units were flown from the Arakan to reinforce them. A Japanese division which had advanced to 570: 6903: 480: 382: 6959: 4626: 18213: 3612:

knock out Midway's air strength and soften it for a landing by 5,000 troops. After the quick capture of the island, the Combined Fleet would lay the basis for the most important part of the operation. Yamamoto hoped that the attack would lure the Americans into a trap. Midway was to be bait for the USN which would depart Pearl Harbor to counterattack. When the Americans arrived, he would concentrate his scattered forces to defeat them. An important aspect of the scheme was

17757: 5093: 5227:, about halfway between the Marianas and Japan. American planners recognized the strategic importance of the island. The island was used by the Japanese as an early-warning station against impending air raids on Japanese cities. Japanese aircraft based on Iwo Jima were able to attack the B-29s on their bombing missions, and even to attack installations in the Marianas themselves. The capture of Iwo Jima would provide emergency landing airfields for B-29s and a base for 640: 7001: 626: 17829: 2577: 17841: 616: 17709: 4832: 2917: 2526: 2005: 3791:, a Japanese victory during which four Allied heavy cruisers were sunk, while no Japanese ships were lost. It was one of the worst Allied naval defeats of the war. The victory was mitigated only by the failure of the Japanese to attack the vulnerable transports. Had they done so, the first American counterattack in the Pacific could have been stopped. The Japanese originally perceived the American landings as nothing more than a reconnaissance. 14062:. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961. 17817: 3206: 6031: 4898:. Many other ships of Center Force were attacked, but continued on. Convinced that their attacks had made Center Force ineffective, the American carriers headed north to address the newly detected threat of the Japanese carriers of Ozawa's Northern Force. On the night of 24–25 October, the Southern Force under Nishimura attempted to enter Leyte Gulf from the south through Surigao Strait, where an American-Australian force led by Rear Admiral 80: 17745: 17733: 7015: 4222: 5556:: "because the Japanese on Okinawa... were so fierce in their defense (even when cut off, and without supplies), and because casualties were so appalling, many American strategists looked for an alternative means to subdue mainland Japan, other than a direct invasion. This means presented itself, with the advent of atomic bombs, which worked admirably in convincing the Japanese to sue for peace , without American casualties." 6614: 91: 4651:, with a target date of 15 June. All forces for the Marianas operation—535 warships and auxiliaries together with a ground force of over 127,500 troops—were to be commanded by Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. For the Americans, the Marianas operation would provide the interruption of the Japanese air pipeline to the south; the development of advanced naval bases; the establishment of airfields to base 3632:

strike aircraft based on Midway had already departed, adding to the 116 carrier aircraft on their way to attack the Japanese. The aircraft from Midway attacked, but failed to score a single hit. In the middle of these uncoordinated attacks, a Japanese scout aircraft reported the presence of an American task force, but it was not until later that the presence of an American carrier was confirmed. Vice Admiral

5607: 4913:, 500 miles (800 km) north of Leyte Gulf, the Americans launched over 500 aircraft sorties at the Northern Force, followed by a surface group of cruisers and destroyers. All four Japanese carriers were sunk, but the Japanese had succeeded in drawing the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf. On 25 October the final major surface action fought between the Japanese and the American fleets occurred off 5999:

killed in action and 37,000 became prisoners. 8,500 of these POWs would die in Japanese captivity. Dutch naval losses in the Pacific numbered 2 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 5 submarines, 7 minelayers, and 7 minesweepers. About 30,000 Dutch and 300,000 Indonesian forced laborers died during the Japanese occupation of the East Indies, while 3 million Indonesian civilians perished in famines.

3015: 3909: 4247:. This experience drove the Allies to improve their techniques of amphibious landings, implementing changes such as thorough pre-emptive bombings and bombardment, more careful planning regarding tides and landing schedules, and better coordination. Operations on the Gilberts were followed in late-January and mid-February 1944 by further, less costly, landings on the Marshall Islands. 5259:, where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. As soon as the Marines pushed inland they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast, but their losses were severe: almost 2,000 men killed or wounded. On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Mt. Suribachi, prompting the now famous 4424:, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based. Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties, these attacks, the biggest in several years, gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in 4360: 4128:, fell behind. The Allies began a long movement across the Pacific, seizing several island bases. Some Japanese strongholds like Truk, Rabaul, and Formosa, were neutralized by air attack and bypassed. The goal was to get close to Japan itself, then launch massive strategic air attacks, improve the submarine blockade, and finally (only if necessary) execute an invasion. 4432:. Japanese losses in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve victory over China. Operation Ichi-Go created a sense of social confusion in the areas of China that it affected. Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath. 4577:, eventually encircling and neutralizing the stronghold. With their position in the Solomons disintegrating, the Japanese modified the Z Plan by eliminating the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago as vital areas to be defended. They then based their possible actions on the defense of an inner perimeter, which included the 4041:. The Chindits suffered heavy losses (1,138 out of a force of just over 3,000) and had inflicted only minor damage to the Japanese lines of communication. Wingate insisted that ordinary British and Indian troops could fight in the jungle as easily as the Japanese. The raid also contributed to the Japanese decision to invade India during 1944. 3975:, the Chinese forced Japan to fight a campaign of attrition. Although the Japanese captured the city, the Chinese were able to pin them down long enough for reinforcements to arrive and encircle them. The Chinese then cut Japanese supply lines, provoking a retreat and Chinese pursuit. During the battle, Japan used chemical weapons. 2067:, as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the 2983:(ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia, remained under local commands. On 15 January, Wavell moved to 5318:. The capture of Okinawa would provide airbases to intensify aerial bombardment of Japan and for direct land-based air support of the invasion of Kyushu. The islands could also allow for tightening the blockade of Japanese shipping and be used as a staging area and supply base for any invasion of the home islands. 3944:, with the goal of locating surviving American airmen, applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them, and destroying air bases. This operation started on 15 May 1942 with 40 infantry and 15–16 artillery battalions, but was repelled by Chinese forces in September. During this campaign, the IJA engaged in 4921:. For the Japanese the defeat at Leyte Gulf was catastrophic—its navy's greatest ever loss of ships and men in combat. The inevitable liberation of the Philippines also meant that the home islands would be virtually cut off from the vital resources from Japan's occupied territories in Southeast Asia. 6756:"For fifty-three long months, beginning in July 1937, China stood alone, single-handedly fighting an undeclared war against Japan. On 9 December 1941, after Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, what had been for so long a war between two countries now became part of a much wider Pacific conflict." 6435:

General George C. Marshall put Japanese "battle dead" against the Americans at 965,000 (South Pacific: 684,000, Central Pacific: 273,000, Aleutians: 8,000), with 37,308 captured, from 7 December 1941 to 30 June 1945 (the war had yet to conclude). These are juxtaposed with the losses in the theater of

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Australia incurred losses of 45,841 not including natural deaths: 17,501 killed (including POW deaths in captivity), 13,997 wounded, and 14,345 living POWs. New Zealand lost 578 killed, with an unknown number wounded or captured. 294 Canadians were killed in Hong Kong and the Aleutians, and a further

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the Soviet Union had agreed to enter the war against Japan 90 days after the surrender of Germany. At the time Soviet participation was seen as crucial to tie down the large number of Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea, keeping them from being transferred to the Home Islands to mount a defense to

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was assigned command of the island in May 1944. The Japanese began constructing elaborate defenses, making the best possible use of the island's natural caves and uneven, rocky terrain. The island was transformed into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and underground passageways leading from

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in southern Burma. They suffered 14,000 casualties, half their strength. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 Japanese soldiers surrendered and were taken prisoner. The Allies were preparing to make amphibious landings in Malaya when word of the Japanese surrender arrived.

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from which to bomb Japan; and the choice among several possible objectives for the next phase of operations, which would keep the Japanese uncertain. It was also hoped that this penetration of the Japanese inner defense zone might force the Japanese fleet out for a decisive engagement. The ability to

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against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without aiding survivors. The US had a long supply line, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, but Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance

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Similar to the Dutch, the 65,000-strong French colonial army in French Indochina (16,500 European French and 48,500 colonial) disintegrated at the end of the Japanese invasion. 2,129 European French and 2,100 Indochinese colonial troops were killed, while 12,000 French and 3,000 colonial troops were

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notes that there are inconsistencies within the official US statistics themselves. The total number of dead in Pacific theaters rises to 113,079 if Army non-battle deaths are included. Over half of all American losses suffered in the Pacific occurred between July 1944 and July 1945. Combined, the US

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beaches of the island's west coast. However, there was little opposition at the beaches as the Japanese had decided to meet the Americans farther inland out of range of naval gunfire. About 60,000 American troops landed on the first day, seizing the two nearby airfields and pushing across the narrow

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it in two days. The Japanese had only enough pilots left to form the air group for one of their light carriers. The Mobile Fleet returned home with only 35 aircraft of the 430 with which it had begun. The battle ended in a total Japanese defeat and resulted in the virtual end of their carrier force.

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were sunk by American submarine attacks. After the second day of the battle, losses totaled three carriers and 445 aircrew with more than 433 carrier aircraft and around 200 land-based aircraft. The Americans lost 130 aircraft and 76 aircrew, many losses due to aircraft running out of fuel returning

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ordered MacArthur to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur, who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing

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By November these plans were essentially complete, and were modified only slightly over the next month. Japanese military planners' expectation of success rested on the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union being unable to effectively respond to a Japanese attack because of the threat posed to each by

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The Royal Navy lost 23 warships in the Pacific and Indian oceans: 1 battleship, 1 battlecruiser, 1 aircraft carrier, 3 cruisers, 8 destroyers, 5 submarines, and 4 escorts. There were significant indirect losses to the British Empire territories of India and Burma, including 3 million deaths in

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campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the atomic bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender and helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and conventional bombing campaign, any of which would have

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During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) to the north. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, which would commit his army to prolonged action with

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In late 1944 and early 1945, the Allied South East Asia Command launched offensives into Burma, intending to recover most of the country, including Rangoon, the capital, before the onset of the monsoon in May. The offensives were fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and American forces

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Although the defeat at the Philippine Sea was severe in terms of the loss of the three fleet carriers, its more significant impact was the loss of the carrier air groups. The Japanese had spent the better part of a year reconstituting their carrier air groups, and the Americans had destroyed 90% of

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advanced overland down the Mayu peninsula. The offensive was stalled at Rathedaung and Donbaik, only a few miles north of Akyab, by numerically inferior Japanese forces who occupied bunkers. Repeated assaults, from January to March 1943, failed to overcome these positions. A Japanese division moved

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The Australian Government ... regards the Pacific struggle as primarily one in which the United States and Australia must have the fullest say in the direction of the democracies' fighting plan. Without inhibitions of any kind, I make it clear that Australia looks to America, free of any pangs

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The entire 140,000-strong Royal Dutch East Indies Army was killed, captured, or missing by the conclusion of the East Indies Campaign. 1,500 colonial and 900 Dutch soldiers were killed in action. Most of the colonial soldiers were freed on the spot or deserted. Of the ethnic Dutch troops, 900 were

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The official account of the war published in Taiwan reported that the Nationalist Chinese Army lost 3,238,000 men (1,797,000 wounded, 1,320,000 killed, and 120,000 missing) and 5,787,352 civilians casualties putting the total number of casualties at 9,025,352. The soldiers of the Chinese Communist

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The US protectorate in the Philippines suffered considerable losses. Military losses were 27,000 dead (including POWs), 75,000 living POWs, and an unknown number wounded, not counting irregulars that fought in the insurgency. Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Filipino civilians died due to war-related

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After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan was losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalist forces and Communist guerrillas in the countryside. The IJA began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945, mobilizing 80,000 men to seize Chinese

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devastated Japanese attempts to resupply. In torrential rains and over difficult terrain, the US advance continued across Leyte and the neighboring island of Samar to the north. On 7 December US Army units landed and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and

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On 8 December 1941, Japanese bombers struck American airfields on Luzon. They caught most of the planes on the ground, destroying 103 aircraft, more than half of the US air strength. Two days later, further raids led to the destruction of the Cavite Naval Yard. By 13 December, Japanese attacks had

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Within China, cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their areas of operation. The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their

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As early as 1935, Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, important to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese

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which resumed hostilities between the USSR and Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The USSR's entry into the war was a significant factor in the Japanese decision to surrender as it became apparent the

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An intense naval and air bombardment preceded the landing but did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. The hidden guns and defenses survived the bombardment virtually unscathed. On the morning of 19 February 1945, 30,000 men under the

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in the Palau Islands on 15 September, was notable for a drastic change in Japanese defensive tactics, resulting in the highest casualty rate amongst US forces in an amphibious operation during the Pacific War. Instead of the predicted four days, it took until 27 November to secure the island. The

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raids. On 9–10 March 1945 LeMay oversaw Operation Meetinghouse in which 300 B-29s dropped 1,665 tons of bombs, mostly napalm-carrying M-69 incendiary bombs, on the Japanese capital. This attack is seen the most destructive bombing raid in history and killed between 80,000 and 100,000 people in a

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Although the campaign was criticized in Australia as a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it achieved a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were

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cut the main road to Imphal and isolated a small British garrison, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations relieved the garrison of Kohima and drove the Japanese from the positions they had

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The battle began on 3 June, when American aircraft from Midway spotted and attacked the Japanese transport group 700 miles (1,100 km) west of the atoll. On 4 June, the Japanese launched a 108-aircraft strike on the island but failed to deliver a decisive blow to the island's facilities. The

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Admiral Yamamoto viewed the operation against Midway as the potentially decisive battle of the war which could lead to the destruction of American strategic power in the Pacific, and subsequently allow for a negotiated peace settlement. Through strategic and tactical surprise, the Japanese would

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had been sent to the southern Philippines. However, with little air protection, the remaining surface vessels in the Philippines, especially the larger ships, were sent to Java or to Australia, and the remaining American bombers flew to Australia in mid-December. The only forces that remained to

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In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu without warning, which left eight American battleships out of action, destroyed 188 American aircraft, and killed 2,403 Americans. The Japanese believed that the

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The battle for Okinawa proved costly and lasted much longer than the Americans had expected. The Japanese skillfully utilized terrain to inflict maximum casualties. Total American casualties were 49,451, including 12,520 dead or missing and 36,631 wounded. Japanese casualties were approximately

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In the northern part of Okinawa American troops only met light opposition, and the area was seized within about two weeks. However, the main Japanese defenses were in the south. There was bitter fighting against well-entrenched Japanese troops, but US forces slowly made progress. The seizure of

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In 1944 the US Navy restructured their submarine fleet, installing effective shipboard radar on its 150 submarines, replacing commanders deemed lacking in aggression, and fixing the faults in the torpedoes. Japanese commerce protection was "shiftless beyond description", and convoys were poorly

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Japanese planning was for a limited war where Japan would seize key objectives and then establish a defensive perimeter to defeat Allied counterattacks, which in turn would lead to a negotiated peace. The early war was divided into two operational phases. The First Operational Phase was further

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Eight hundred thousand Japanese civilians and over two million Japanese soldiers died during the war. According to a report by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (1937–1945) numbered approximately

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gave a figure of 3,949,000 people in China murdered directly by the Japanese army while giving a figure of 10,216,000 total dead in the war with the additional millions of deaths due to indirect causes like starvation or disease. Famines during the war caused by drought affected both China and

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An academic study published in the United States estimates Chinese military casualties as 1.5 million killed in battle, 750,000 missing in action, 1.5 million deaths due to disease and 3 million wounded; civilian casualties: due to military activity, killed 1,073,496 and 237,319

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decided to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the Emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied

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Iwo Jima was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans during the Pacific War. American casualties were 6,821 killed and 19,207 wounded. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, with only 1,083 prisoners taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the

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On 15 June, the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions supported by a naval bombardment group landed on Saipan. However, Japanese fire was so effective that the first day's objective was not reached until Day 3. After fanatic Japanese resistance, the Marines captured Aslito airfield on 18 June. Nafutan,

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rains descended in mid-May, they also succumbed to disease in large numbers. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imphal. The two Allied attacks met on 22 June, breaking the Japanese siege of Imphal. The Japanese

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proposed to achieve the destruction of the US Navy by occupying Midway Atoll, an objective he thought the Americans would be certain to fight for, as Midway was close enough to threaten Hawaii. During a series of meetings held from 2–5 April, the Naval General Staff and representatives of the

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Between Lake Khasan, Khalkin Gol, advisors deployed to China, and the 1945 operations in Manchuria and the Kuriles, Soviet casualties against Japan totaled 68,612: 22,731 killed/missing and 45,908 wounded. Material losses included some 1,000 tanks and AFVs, 5 landing ships, and 300 aircraft.

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advocated an advance to the south to seize parts of Australia, but with large numbers of troops engaged in China and Manchuria, the Imperial Army declined to contribute the forces necessary. The Naval General Staff still wanted to cut the sea links between Australia and the US by capturing

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According to the findings of the Tokyo Tribunal, the death rate of Western prisoners was 27%, seven times that of Western POWs under the Germans and Italians. Some of the more notorious instances of abuse of prisoners were the Bataan Death March and forced labor in the construction of the

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by American forces in the Pacific theater. As the advance on Manila continued from the north and the south, the Bataan Peninsula was rapidly secured. On 16 February paratroopers and amphibious units assaulted the island fortress of Corregidor, and resistance ended there on 27 February.

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By late 1942, Japanese headquarters had decided to make Guadalcanal their priority. The Americans hoped to use their numerical advantage at Guadalcanal to progressively drain Japanese manpower. Ultimately nearly 20,000 Japanese died on Guadalcanal compared to just over 7,000 Americans.

3186:. On the night of 5–6 May, after an intensive aerial and artillery bombardment, the Japanese landed on Corregidor and Wainwright surrendered. In the southern Philippines, where key ports and airfields had already been seized, the remaining American-Filipino forces surrendered on 9 May. 4374:

The US Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines in early 1942 led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. Basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while

2998:. After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore, but were forced to surrender to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 130,000 Indian, British, Australian and Dutch personnel became prisoners of war. 5265:

photograph, often cited as the most reproduced photograph ever and the archetypal representation of the Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. It was not until 26 March that the island was secured.

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and allied navies lost nearly 200 warships, including 4 battleships, 12 aircraft carriers, 25 cruisers, 84 destroyers and destroyer escorts, 63 submarines, and nearly 30,000 aircraft. This gave the Allies a 2–1 exchange ratio with the Japanese in terms of ships and aircraft.

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discovered the planned attack on Midway. Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by the American fleet before the Japanese had expected them. Planned surveillance of the American fleet in Pearl Harbor by long-ranged seaplanes did not occur as a result of an

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American submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. American submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. They also played important reconnaissance roles and rescued hundreds of downed fliers.

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assumed command in the Philippines. The defenders on Bataan, running low on ammunition and supplies, could not hold back a final Japanese offensive. Bataan fell on 9 April, with the 76,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war being subjected to the 66 miles (106 km)

3177:. After some initial success, they were stalled by disease and casualties, but they could be reinforced while the Americans and Filipinos could not. On 11 March 1942, under orders from President Roosevelt, MacArthur fled Corregidor for Australia, and Lieutenant General 5222:

Although the Marianas were secure and American bases firmly established, the long 1,200 miles (1,900 km) range from the Marianas meant that B-29 aircrews bombing Japan found themselves ditching at sea if severely damaged. Attention focused on the small island of

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had only enough to reach Okinawa. Off Okinawa it was planned to beach the battleship and use her 18.1-inch (46 cm) guns to support fighting on the island. After being sighted by an American submarine and reconnaissance aircraft, naval attack aircraft sunk the

5042:. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles, dispersed as small units. Throughout the Philippines, 4616:

along with large numbers of land-based aircraft, would be concentrated. If the Americans attacked the Marianas, they would be attacked by land-based planes in the vicinity. Then the Americans would be lured into the areas where the Mobile Fleet could defeat them.

17673: 4123:

After Midway, the US used its vast industrial potential to make more ships, planes, and train its aircrews. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training program, or adequate naval resources and

6850:

Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 1,770,036, Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716, and Marine Corps: 484,631. These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India

2897:

Americans, faced with such a sudden and massive blow, would agree to a negotiated settlement. American losses were less serious than initially thought: the three American aircraft carriers were at sea, and vital naval infrastructure, submarine base, and

6813:

The US thereby reversed its opposition to unrestricted submarine warfare. After the war, when moralistic doubts about Hiroshima and other raids on civilian targets were loudly voiced, no one criticized Roosevelt's submarine policy. (Two German admirals,

3535:

Although they managed to sink a carrier, the battle was a disaster for the Japanese, as all three carriers that were committed to the battle would now be unavailable for the operation against Midway. After Coral Sea, the Japanese had four fleet carriers

17666: 3453:

and was divided into several parts. Tulagi would be occupied on 3 May; the carriers would then conduct a sweep through the Coral Sea to find and destroy Allied naval forces, with the landings conducted to capture Port Moresby scheduled for 10 May. The

2767:

viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the

4428:. Despite major tactical victories, the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains. A majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area, and later come back to attack Japanese positions at the 1969:

stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the

5870:

lists the total number of military and non-military casualties, both dead and wounded, at 35 million. Duncan Anderson, Head of the Department of War Studies at the Royal Military Academy, states that the total number of casualties was around

2807:

The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the US was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia.

13661: 4406:

Underwater warfare was especially dangerous; of the 16,000 Americans who went out on patrol, 3,500 (22%) never returned, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The Japanese losses, 130 submarines in all, were higher.

5144:, the new Japanese commander in Burma, hoped that the Allies' lines of communications would be overstretched trying to cross this obstacle. However, the advancing British Fourteenth Army switched its axis of advance to outflank the Japanese. 5841:

American casualties were 107,903 battle deaths and 208,333 wounded. The figure for battle deaths include Army prisoners who died in Japanese captivity, this is the standard itemization of for US deaths in the Pacific War. However, historian

5006:

In all, ten US divisions and five independent regiments battled on Luzon, making it the largest campaign of the Pacific War, involving more troops than the US had used in North Africa, Italy, or southern France. Forces included the Mexican

5674:

On 9 August, exactly on schedule, the Soviet Union entered the war by invading Manchuria. A battle-hardened, one million-strong Soviet force, transferred from Europe, attacked Japanese forces and landed a heavy blow against the Japanese

3487:, was assembled to stop the Japanese advance. On 7 May, the Japanese carriers launched a full strike on a contact reported to be enemy carriers, but the report turned out to be false. The strike force found and struck only an oiler, the 3417:

to the operation against Port Moresby and include an attack to seize strategic points in the Aleutian Islands simultaneously with the Midway operation. These were enough to remove the Japanese margin of superiority in the Midway attack.

5875:

Party suffered 584,267 casualties, of which 160,603 were killed, 133,197 missing, and 290,467 wounded. This would equate to a total of 3.82 million combined NRA/CCP casualties, of which 1.74 million were killed or missing.>

5957:(86,600), Battle of Hong Kong (15,000), and various naval encounters, British, Dominion and Empire forces incurred some 235,000 casualties in the Pacific Theater, including roughly 82,000 killed (50,000 in combat and 32,000 as POWs). 4985:

Two more major landings followed, one to cut off the Bataan Peninsula, and another, that included a parachute drop, south of Manila. Pincers closed on the city, and on 3 February 1945 American forces pushed into Manila. The month-long

5364:

and eight destroyers were assembled as bait to draw away as many American carrier aircraft as possible, in order to leave Allied naval forces vulnerable to large-scale Kamikaze attacks. As a consequence of Japanese fuel shortages the

5386:, the center of Japanese resistance, on 29 May represented both a strategic and psychological blow. Organized resistance was not over until 21 June; many Japanese went into hiding and the campaign was not declared over until 2 July. 5421:. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men, supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces won decisively and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese repelled a 5390:

110,000 killed, and 7,400 taken prisoner. 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians. Kamikaze attacks also sank 36 ships, damaged 368 more and killed 4,900 US sailors, for the loss of 7,800 Japanese aircraft.

4843:

between Japan and Southeast Asia. Thus the Japanese devised a plan to force a decisive battle by utilizing their last remaining strength – the firepower of its heavy cruisers and battleships – against the American beachhead at

4328:

The Japanese military claimed its defenses sank 468 Allied submarines during the war. In reality, only 42 American submarines were sunk in the Pacific due to hostile action, with 10 others lost in accidents or as the result of

3798:

ensured American control of the waters around Guadalcanal during daytime, while superior night-fighting capabilities of the IJN gave the Japanese the advantage at night. In August, Japanese and US carrier forces engaged in the

3884:. Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field but suffered high casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the " 6439:

The IJN lost over 341 warships, including 11 battleships, 25 aircraft carriers, 39 cruisers, 135 destroyers, and 131 submarines, almost entirely in action against the US Navy. The IJN and IJA together lost 45,125 aircraft.

3006:

fell in February. The rapid collapse of Allied resistance left the "ABDA area" split in two. Wavell resigned from ABDACOM on 25 February, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders and returning to the post of

3888:" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces. Fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as " 12939:

Murashima, Eiji (2006). "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence".

5682:

The Manchurian strategic offensive operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. This was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945

7043:

Estimates of 1 to 6 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937–1945); around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;, 1–2 million Vietnamese civilian deaths; around 3 million Indian civilian deaths in the

5314:. The seizure of islands in the Ryukyus was to have been the last step before the actual invasion of the Japanese home islands. Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands, was located 340 miles (550 km) from 2939:

Hong Kong was attacked on 8 December and fell on 25 December 1941. American bases on Guam and Wake Island were lost at around the same time. British, Australian, and Dutch forces, already drained of personnel and

5632:

in history. In a press release issued after the bombing, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this Earth". On 9 August, the US dropped

3198:. Australia was ill-prepared for an attack, lacking armaments, modern fighter aircraft, heavy bombers, and aircraft carriers. While still calling for reinforcements from Churchill, the Australian Prime Minister 7884:

document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by

5110:

against Japan, assisted to some degree by Thailand, the Burma National Army and the Indian National Army. The Commonwealth land forces were drawn primarily from the United Kingdom, British India, and Africa.

4131:

The US Navy did not seek out the Japanese fleet for a decisive battle, the Allied advance could only be stopped by a Japanese naval attack, which oil shortages (induced by submarine attack) made impossible.

3472:. From the Allied point of view, if Port Moresby fell, the Japanese would control the seas to the north and west of Australia and could isolate the country. An Allied task force under the command of Admiral 6826:

of violating international law through unrestricted submarine warfare; the court acquitted them after they proved that Allied merchant ships were legitimate military targets under the rules in force at the

4032:

Most officers accepted that the failure resulted from inadequate training for jungle warfare. To offset the results of the Arakan offensive, the Allies widely publicised a long distance raid mounted by the

2008:

The Pacific War Council as photographed on 12 October 1942. Pictured are representatives from the United States (seated), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, China, the Netherlands, and the

11516:

George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939–30 June 1945. Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. p. 202.

4517:, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the reinforced Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In mid-1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force 7061:

2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937–1945, 1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937–1945 (432,000 dead), 22,000 Burmese casualties, 5,600 Thai troops killed, and 2,615 Indian National Army (

4848:. The Japanese planned to use their remaining carriers as bait to lure the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf long enough for the heavy warships to enter and to destroy any American ships present. 4851:

The Japanese assembled four carriers, nine battleships, 14 heavy cruisers, seven light cruisers, and 35 destroyers. They split into three forces: the "Center Force", under the command of Vice Admiral

3964:

pathogens. Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died, out of a total 10,000 who fell ill when Japanese biological weapons infected their own forces.

3743:

were within sight of Port Moresby but were ordered to withdraw to the northeastern coast. Australian and US forces attacked their fortified positions and after more than two months of fighting in the

5575:

single night, destroying over 270,000 buildings and leaving over 1 million homeless. In the ten days that followed, almost 10,000 bombs were dropped, destroying 31% of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kobe.

4301:, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied navies—less than two percent in the case of the US Navy. Submarines strangled Japan by sinking its merchant fleet, intercepting many 3295:

In early 1942, the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council. The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington DC on 1 April 1942, with President

7187: 7162: 5175:

was launched on 1 May, to find that the Japanese had already evacuated. The troops that occupied Rangoon linked up with Fourteenth Army five days later, securing the Allies' lines of communication.

4906:, Shima's group was unable to coordinate its movements with Nishimura's group and arrived at Surigao Strait in the middle of the encounter; after making a haphazard torpedo attack, Shima retreated. 4589:, and the Dutch East Indies. Meanwhile, in the Central Pacific the Americans initiated a major offensive, beginning in November 1943 with landings in the Gilbert Islands. Japanese garrisons in the 2908:

Opposition to war in the US vanished after the attack. On 8 December, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands declared war on Japan, followed by Australia the next day.

11492: 7340:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011), p. 299.Figure is for U.S. losses only. China, the British Commonwealth, the USSR and other nations collectively add several thousand more to this total. 4867:; the "Northern Force", under the command of Ozawa, which had four carriers and two battleships partly converted to carriers; and the "Southern Force", containing one group under the command of 4305:, and cutting off nearly all the oil imports essential to weapons production and military operations. By early 1945, Japanese oil supplies were so limited that its fleet was virtually stranded. 3263:. The IJA opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of 2944:

by two years of war with Germany, and heavily committed in the Middle East, North Africa, and elsewhere, were unable to provide much more than token resistance. Two major British warships, the

2861: 6583:

estimated that 84% of the attacked area was residential, mostly inhabited by women, children and the elderly; the over 100,000 victims constitute the deadliest aerial bombing raid in history.

5163:. The Japanese armies were heavily defeated, and with the capture of Mandalay, the Burmese population and the Burma National Army (which the Japanese had raised) turned against the Japanese. 2695:. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread 2494:

at the outset of its conquests of South East Asia. This headquarters controlled the bulk of the Japanese Army formations which opposed the Western Allies in the Pacific and South East Asia.

4749:

in the Marianas the Japanese viewed holding Saipan as imperative. Consequently, they responded with their largest carrier force of the war: the nine-carrier Mobile Fleet under Vice Admiral

8106: 5781:

Should we continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization.

1906:. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 December (8 December Japanese time) 1941, when the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in 12052:

The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Budapest, Hungary, 2001

5325:, totaled some 75,000–100,000, augmented by thousands of civilians. American forces for the operation totaled 183,000 troops in seven divisions (four US Army and three Marine) under the 5019:

of the United States Army Air Forces that flew tactical support missions. Of the 250,000 Japanese troops defending Luzon, 80 percent died. The last Japanese soldier in the Philippines,

2596:

and captured it in October after a four-month campaign. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the US—condemned Japan, especially after the

4902:

ambushed the Japanese. American destroyers and naval gunfire destroyed two battleships and three destroyers, with only a single Japanese destroyer surviving. As a result of observing

3794:

With Japanese and Allied forces occupying parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition. US air cover based at

6765:: "It was not an official term, but a term of incitement used by the Japanese media, under the guidance of the military, in order to stir up the Japanese people's sense of crisis..." 2788:. It was decided—because of the close relationship between the UK and the US, and the belief that the US would inevitably become involved—that Japan would also take the Philippines, 5409:

airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with

5117:

divisions) advanced along the coast in Arakan Province, at last capturing Akyab Island. They landed troops behind the retreating Japanese, inflicting heavy casualties, and captured

1302: 4549:

or the Z Plan, which envisioned the use of Japanese naval power to counter American forces threatening the outer defense perimeter line: from the Aleutians down through Wake, the

3067:

and other Allied ships were sunk. The attack forced the Royal Navy to withdraw to the western part of the Indian Ocean, paving the way for a Japanese assault on Burma and India.

2932:, surrendered within hours of the Japanese invasion. The government of Thailand formally allied with Japan on 21 December. To the south, the IJA had seized the British colony of 19222: 17785: 14259: 6662: 5231:

as well as land-based air support to protect US naval fleets in Japanese waters. However, the Japanese had also come to realize the strategic value of Iwo Jima, and Lt. General

4458:

After the Allied setbacks in 1943, the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts. In early 1944, the Chinese and American troops of the

3195: 8938: 8912: 4029:

took over the front, and intended to mount a riposte, but their troops were exhausted and the division was forced to fall back to the Indian frontier in the first week in May.

14243: 10303: 2901:

units were unscathed, and the fact the bombing happened while the US was not officially at war caused a wave of outrage across the US. Japan's fallback strategy, relying on a

8338:, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Washington December 1946, Table B-2. From 1942 to 1945, 92,511,000 yen was spent on the IJA and 59,766,000 yen was spent on the IJN. 4954:. The US Sixth Army continued its advance from the east, while the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the western side. The US reinforced the Sixth Army successfully, but the 8460: 5049:

The US Eighth Army moved on to its first landing on Mindanao (17 April), the last of the major Philippine Islands to be taken. Then followed the invasion and occupation of

4978:'s Sixth Army landed its first units on the western coast of Luzon. Almost 175,000 men followed within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking 4158:, a series of amphibious invasions to recapture the Solomon Islands and New Guinea and ultimately isolate the major Japanese forward base at Rabaul. Following the Japanese 18500: 18418: 16198: 11627: 5582:, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the little remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, US President 3260: 15943: 2561:

by providing large amounts of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best armies to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops

15551: 14227: 5413:

as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from

4510:

finally broke off the operation on 3 July. They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease—the worst defeat suffered by the IJA to that date.

19217: 17549: 15567: 14058: 10628: 6652: 5642: 5333:

operated as a separate unit; its objective was to strike airfields on the chain of islands between Formosa and Okinawa, to prevent the Japanese reinforcing Okinawa.

3508:. On 8 May, the opposing carrier forces finally found each other and exchanged air strikes. Aircraft from the two Japanese carriers succeeded in sinking the carrier 11972:

Boyd, Carl (1979). "The Japanese Submarine Force and the Legacy of Strategic and Operational Doctrine Developed Between the World Wars". In Addington, Larry (ed.).

5928:

The property loss suffered by the Chinese was valued at 383 billion US dollars according to the currency exchange rate in July 1937, roughly 50 times the

4352:

and Rabaul. In addition, Japan honored its neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union and ignored American freighters shipping military supplies from San Francisco to

3880:

During the campaign, most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in engagements with the

5129:

and Lashio, while the Chinese and American Northern Combat Area Command resumed its advance in northern Burma. In late January 1945, these two forces linked up at

15887: 3173:. A series of withdrawal actions brought his troops safely into Bataan, while the Japanese entered Manila unopposed on 2 January 1942. On 7 January, the Japanese 3114:, which was the western Allies' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists. Many of the Chinese troops were forced either to retreat to India or in small parties to 18623: 15490: 15462: 14606: 13244:

Selden, Mark (2008). "A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq'".

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had been damaged at Coral Sea and was believed by Japanese naval intelligence to have been sunk. She would sortie for Midway after just three days of repairs.

1194: 6602:

from 29 April 1946 to 12 November 1948 tried those accused of the most serious war crimes. Military tribunals were also held throughout Asia and the Pacific.

16510: 15873: 15182: 14807: 1652: 1295: 3877:, one of the only two battles in the Pacific War during which battleships fought each other; two US admirals were killed and two Japanese battleships sunk. 18653: 18160: 15523: 15469: 14655: 7987: 3896:

and withdrew in February 1943. In the six-month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time.

6436:

the US Army alone, suggesting Japanese naval casualties were not included. His figure for Japanese "battle dead" in China was 126,000 in the same period.

4804:. The four Japanese air strikes involved 373 carrier aircraft, of which 130 returned to the carriers. Many of these survivors were subsequently lost when 3873:. However, the two IJN carriers had to retire to home waters. From 12 to 15 November, Japanese and American surface ships engaged in night actions in the 2094:(1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War 19106: 15980: 15476: 15092: 1109: 11678: 3413:

Combined Fleet reached a compromise. Yamamoto got his Midway operation, but only after he had threatened to resign. In return, Yamamoto had to allocate

2672:

in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed in late March 1940. In August 1940, Chinese communists launched an

14502: 13116: 11488: 7276: 6627: 5960:

Britain incurred 90,332 casualties, of whom 29,968 were killed, 12,433 as prisoners of war. The Japanese captured a total of 50,016 POWs from Britain.

5761:

The effects of the American air and naval attacks, two atomic bombings, and the Soviet entry were profound. On 10 August 1945, Japanese Prime Minister

3787:

at Rabaul, quickly sailed to engage the Allied force off the coast of Guadalcanal. On the night of 8–9 August, Mikawa's quick response resulted in the

1454: 1387: 10096: 6566: 15866: 15313: 15189: 5560: 781: 11357:, and 133 BA-6/BA-10 armored cars. This does not include tanks that only sustained light to moderate damage, or ones lost due to mechanical failure. 11326: 9636: 2537:, seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industrial economy. By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and it was ready to move deeper into China. The 19252: 17906: 15166: 14546: 8877: 6519: 6047:

2,121,000 men, mostly against either the Americans (1.1+ million), or against Chinese factions (500,000+). The losses were broken down as follows:

4057: 3636:

was put in a difficult tactical situation. After quick deliberation, he opted for a delayed but better-prepared attack on the American task force.

1288: 8630: 7443:: 5,698 Australian casualties prior to January 1943, 17,107 between January 1943 and April 1944, and ~4,000 from April 1944 to the end of the war. 4733: 18187: 15603: 14915: 11400: 8110: 7666: 5378:

and four of the destroyers. Mass Kamikaze attacks intensified during the following three months, with 5,500 sorties being flown by the Japanese.

4470:. In February 1944, the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in Arakan. After early Japanese success, this counter-attack was defeated in the 3307:

and the Philippines were later added. The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the US-UK

3122:

in Manipur, abandoning most of their transport and equipment. They reached Imphal in May just as the monsoon descended, which halted operations.

2872: 4255:

On 22 November 1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, met in

19283: 17658: 15422: 14724: 11987: 3027: 1165: 17421: 3813:, sinking one Japanese cruiser and one destroyer for the loss of one destroyer. During the night of 13 October, two Japanese fast battleships 3078:. On 23 February, a bridge over the river was demolished prematurely, stranding most of an Indian division. On 8 March, the Japanese occupied 2395: 1824: 954: 16214: 16177: 16154: 15675: 14597: 14567: 14009: 6836:

Chihaya went on to note that when the IJN belatedly improved its ASW methods, the US submarine force responded by increasing Japanese losses.

6682: 3933:

and advanced southward in three columns, attempting again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha. In January 1942, Chinese forces scored

15929: 7427:

Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4. British Empire POWs are given a death rate of 25%.

5344:

The first major Japanese counterattack occurred on 6 and 7 April, in the form of attacks by kamikaze aircraft and a naval operation, called

4879:

into the Philippine Sea, turn southwards, and then attack the landing area. The Southern Force would strike at the landing area through the

4025:

to Arakan from Central Burma and attacked the 14th Indian Division's exposed left flank, overrunning several units. The headquarters of the

19124: 17918: 17797: 16307: 16163: 16147: 16119: 15367: 14574: 11576: 10656: 2379: 1996:

in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.

9888: 9629:

The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee (February 1947), Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Larry Jewell & Patrick Clancey (ed.),

7784: 4890:

on 23 October, two American submarines attacked it, resulting in the loss of two heavy cruisers with another crippled. After entering the

2729:, with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943 in the later case. Japan's strategic bombing campaigns killed 260,000–350,934 19257: 18643: 18574: 17064: 16131: 16043: 15987: 15950: 15232: 11679:"U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan" 10818: 8450: 8013: 4894:

on 24 October, Center Force was assaulted by American carrier aircraft, forcing another heavy cruiser to retire. The Americans then sank

4684: 4518: 4379:

to patrol areas, reducing their effectiveness, and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases. The standard-issue

3687:

having been destroyed, Japan's offensive power was blunted. Early on the morning of 5 June, the Japanese cancelled the Midway operation.

1177: 14001: 13222:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq" 11437: 11208: 5913:

According to historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta, at least 2.7 million civilians died during the "kill all, loot all, burn all" operation (

5898:

led to starvation deaths of 2 to 3 million people, Guangdong famine caused more than 3 million people to flee or die, and the

4005:

In the aftermath of the Japanese conquest of Burma, there was widespread disorder and pro-Independence agitation in eastern India and a

18028: 18016: 16036: 14768: 10596: 6788: 5490:. The attention of the Allies then switched back to the central east coast, with the last major amphibious assault of World War II, at 4883:, while the Northern Force would lure the main American covering forces away from Leyte. Japanese carriers embarked just 108 aircraft. 4683:

were used extensively by the US military as they finally put mainland Japan within round-trip range of American B-29s. Japanese forces

3825:

bombarded Henderson Field. The airfield was temporarily disabled but quickly returned to service. On 26 October, the Japanese carriers

3736:, near the eastern tip of New Guinea. They were beaten back by Allied forces, the first defeat of the war for Japanese forces on land. 3253: 2626:, and Soviet aid to China ended as a result of the signing of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. In September 1940, Japan decided to 2453: 1880: 1606: 1534: 1026: 876: 9910: 5691:

In late 1945, the Soviets launched a series of successful invasions of northern Japanese territories, in preparation for the possible

3588: 3458:

featured a force of 60 ships led by two carriers, and 250 aircraft. However, the actual battle did not go according to plan; although

2994:

In January, Japan invaded British Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and

18972: 18587: 18469: 18097: 17542: 16170: 14560: 14518: 8934: 8908: 6801: 6642: 5615: 5545: 4613: 3776: 3628:

in March. Japanese submarine scouting lines that were supposed to be in place along the Hawaiian Islands were not completed on time.

2980: 2457: 1979: 1170: 8798: 5968:

1,691 were captured, of whom 273 died as POWs, for a total of 567 dead. Eight Royal Australian Navy warships were sunk: 3 cruisers (

4776:. The few Japanese attackers that managed to reach the US fleet in a staggered sequence encountered massive anti-aircraft fire with 4068:

became commander in chief of the Indian Army and revitalised its administration and training establishments. The British and Indian

18370: 18360: 17391: 15210: 14984: 14747: 14613: 14424: 10167: 6587: 6497: 3276: 2449: 1645: 1618: 1065: 990: 917: 10056: 8692: 3502:

The American carriers also launched a strike with incomplete reconnaissance, and only located and sank the light aircraft carrier

16286: 16083: 15120: 14620: 14532: 14468: 8538: 8508: 5804: 4764:

On 19 June, a series of Japanese carrier air strikes were shattered by strong American defenses. The result was later dubbed the

1748: 18165: 14336: 10822: 8960: 8568: 5012: 4800:. The next day, the Japanese carrier force was subjected to an American carrier air attack and suffered the loss of the carrier 19170: 19144: 18054: 16489: 16001: 14851: 14389: 8740: 7893:, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids." 6580: 2965: 2475: 2223: 2068: 1447: 309: 11623: 4485:, into India in mid-March. Lieutenant General Slim, commanding Fourteenth Army, and his forward commander, Lieutenant General 19114: 17955: 17085: 16990: 16517: 16263: 16138: 15224: 15198: 15055: 14761: 14678: 14324: 14298: 14187: 14140: 14121: 14044: 13914: 13892: 13859: 13788: 13624: 13596: 13484: 13446: 13427: 13368: 13303: 13210: 13153: 13104: 13080:"Firebombs Over Tokyo America's 1945 attack on Japan's capital remains undeservedly obscure alongside Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 13068: 13016: 12997: 12871: 12814: 12793: 12719: 12683: 12660: 12629: 12608: 12589: 12570: 12492: 12428: 12409: 12292: 12273: 12254: 12235: 12195: 12176: 12157: 12101: 12082: 12059: 12027: 12004: 11962: 11943: 11915: 11888: 11869: 11793: 10913: 10879: 7462: 7393: 4590: 4238: 3725: 3249: 2718: 2445: 2387: 1876: 1758: 1601: 1416: 924: 837: 803: 774: 11546: 11453:

United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Report of the Working Group for Asia and the Far East, Supp. 10. 1947 pp. 13–14

11056: 10300: 6518:

The Nanjing Massacre is the most infamous example of Japanese atrocities against civilians during the war. According to the

4348:

As the war turned against Japan, IJN submarines increasingly served to resupply strongholds which had been cut off, such as

18942: 18703: 18579: 18479: 18464: 18375: 18335: 17318: 16725: 16611: 15776: 15243: 15239: 15217: 14821: 13713:. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944 13389: 13262: 12978: 12929: 12852: 12551: 12532: 10618: 8771: 8661: 6015: 5795:. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as 5692: 4941: 4462:(NCAC), commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell, began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma, while the 4298: 4276: 3805: 3537: 3504: 3371: 3147: 3087: 2829: 2683:

By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the

2250: 1919: 1667: 1638: 1080: 1038: 871: 11936:

British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945 Volume 17 of Military History and Policy Series

10524: 9595: 7264: 6545: 6003:

kept as prisoners. 1–2 million deaths occurred in French Indochina during the Japanese occupation, mostly due to the

4839:

The loss at the Philippine Sea left the Japanese with two choices: an all-out offensive or allow the Americans to cut the

4009:, causing up to 3 million deaths. Wavell (commander-in-chief in India) was eager to mount counterattacks into Burma. 3161:

The main Japanese landings on Luzon took place on 22 and 24 December. As the Japanese troops converged on Manila, General

19242: 19237: 18957: 18459: 17930: 17233: 16697: 16029: 16015: 15228: 10739: 5472: 5247:. From mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under American air and naval bombardment, until the days leading up to the invasion. 5140:

attempted to forestall the main Allied attack by withdrawing their troops behind the Irrawaddy River. Lieutenant General

5043: 3663:

and put her out of action. Later in the afternoon, aircraft from the two remaining American carriers found and destroyed

2262: 1946: 1804: 1182: 847: 7889:(a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under 6479: 3971:, commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army, deployed around 100,000 troops to attack Changde. During the seven-week 18814: 18809: 18708: 18648: 18439: 18429: 18120: 17749: 17737: 17442: 17311: 17189: 16767: 16482: 16433: 16191: 15746: 14998: 14837: 14685: 14539: 14268: 14252: 14236: 10848: 9516: 7367: 5641:. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings 4634: 4313: 3784: 3432: 1765: 1332: 842: 142: 9213: 4525:. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon, the Northern Combat Area Command had secured a vital airfield at 3592: 3555: 2603:. In addition, the Japanese had failed to destroy the Chinese army, who continued to resist from their new capital in 18130: 18125: 18040: 17558: 16440: 16412: 16229: 15811: 15530: 15497: 14282: 13986: 13840: 13756: 13730: 13682: 13566: 13543: 13524: 13505: 13465: 13408: 13284: 13191: 13172: 13046: 12899: 12771: 12752: 12511: 12387: 12366: 12334: 12311: 12120: 11812: 10685: 10175: 9657: 7618: 6549:

A young Chinese girl from a Japanese 'comfort battalion' being interviewed by a British officer. Rangoon, Burma, 1945

6466: 4700: 3303:, and representatives from Britain, China, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Canada. Representatives from 3158:

defend the Philippines were the ground troops, a few fighter aircraft, about 30 submarines, and a few small vessels.

3031: 2491: 2468: 2155: 1679: 1440: 540: 272: 14713: 13079: 5125:, establishing airfields used to support the offensive into Central Burma. The Chinese Expeditionary Force captured 3892:" from the multitude of ships sunk. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. The Japanese 2529:

Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, where between 200,000-300,000 civilians and POWs were murdered by the Japanese Army

1961:. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an 19149: 19134: 19129: 18844: 18603: 18536: 18325: 18145: 18140: 17980: 17968: 17725: 17595: 16753: 16690: 15825: 15661: 14784: 12786:

Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West Volume 67 of Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia

6632: 6572: 6557:"—200,000 women and girls, mostly from Korea and China, who were forced to serve in Japanese military camps. 6460: 5800: 5747: 5422: 5167:

disastrously inadequate supplies, and in March he had asked that a plan to capture Rangoon by an amphibious force,

4656:

plan and execute such a complex operation in the space of 90 days was indicative of Allied logistical superiority.

4069: 3846: 3721: 3178: 2371: 2367: 2191: 1476: 1392: 767: 38: 15338: 8482: 7082:), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects), 2,000–8,000 Thai civilian deaths 5570:. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 2219: 1814: 119: 18837: 17119: 16960: 16949: 16785: 16544: 16503: 16396: 16334: 15721: 14991: 14860: 14828: 7991: 7502: 6454: 4918: 4708: 3549: 3343: 3213:

at Tarsau, in Thailand in 1943. 22,000 Australians were captured by the Japanese; 8,000 died as prisoners of war.

2760: 2558: 2292: 2167: 1971: 1899: 1789: 1726: 1575: 1558: 1092: 17688: 15508: 15076: 11170: 5133:. The Ledo Road was completed, linking India and China, but too late in the war to have any significant effect. 4308: 1809: 19212: 18859: 18560: 18330: 18135: 17505: 17477: 17355: 17148: 16385: 15836: 15762: 15558: 14929: 14648: 14553: 14438: 12484: 9494: 8280: 5359: 5147:

During February, the Fourteenth Army secured bridgeheads across the Irrawaddy. On 1 March, mechanised units of

5104: 4341: 4191: 3800: 3613: 3543: 2828:

time zones). The locations of this first wave of Japanese attacks included the American territories of Hawaii,

2669: 2534: 2300: 2266: 2174:. The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with colonial troops from 1903: 1738: 1406: 1367: 1019: 1009: 446: 4399:

had broken it. The Japanese promptly changed it, and the new code was not broken again by OP-20-G until 1943.

3287:. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle. 2565:, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, 2463:

In the Pacific, the Allies divided operational control of their forces between two supreme commands, known as

19139: 18569: 18484: 18474: 18090: 17942: 17565: 17498: 17449: 17380: 17205: 16711: 16662: 16426: 16419: 16022: 15783: 15574: 14627: 11686: 9630: 6448: 5891: 5807:. MacArthur then went to Tokyo to oversee the occupation of Japan (from 28 August 1945 to 28 April 1952, the 5713: 5239:

The American operation ("Operation Detachment") to capture the island involved three Marine divisions of the

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wrecked every major airfield and virtually annihilated American air power. The previous month, a part of the

2972: 2853: 2781: 2755:

In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the US, Britain, and the

2653: 2464: 2383: 2336: 2222:

also took part in resistance operations in Indochina. Some active pro-allied guerrillas in Asia included the

1935: 1702: 1684: 1209: 934: 10896:

Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941–31 December 1946,

10093: 7034:

Malaria was the most dangerous disease in the Pacific War. 500,000 American soldiers contracted the disease.

6897:

107,903 battle deaths (not including deaths by accidents or disease), 208,333 wounded and 14,473 living POWs

6542:". Around 1,536 US civilians died in Japanese internment camps, compared to 883 in German internment camps. 5429:

which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces retook Guangxi.

4962:

On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance took place on the southern beaches of the island of

3194:

In late 1941, as the Japanese struck at Pearl Harbor, most of Australia's best forces were committed in the

2710:. Conflicts between Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines 19119: 18990: 18449: 18390: 18380: 18059: 18004: 17639: 17535: 16910: 16871: 15790: 15625: 15610: 15537: 15516: 15334: 15012: 14798: 14791: 14775: 14486: 14445: 14417: 14022:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 5. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 12830:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 12326: 11302: 10593:"Potsdam Declaration: Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945" 7881: 6512: 5774: 5261: 5206: 5156: 4728: 4459: 4396: 4286: 4159: 3328: 3233: 2627: 2270: 2054: 1770: 1570: 1519: 1249: 959: 864: 815: 494: 135: 20: 12069:

Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". In James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.).

11822:

Asada, Sadao (1998). "The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender: A Reconsideration".

10295:

Robert S. Burrell, "Breaking the Cycle of Iwo Jima Mythology: A Strategic Study of Operation Detachment",

2634:. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three main 1799: 18799: 18618: 18489: 17992: 17894: 17602: 16926: 16878: 16496: 16468: 16321: 15936: 15915: 15436: 15099: 15005: 14495: 11366:

Japanese Monograph no. 154: Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front August 1945, p. 39.

11323: 10957: 6523: 5792: 5688:

Soviets were no longer willing to act as an intermediary for a negotiated settlement on favorable terms.

5491: 5228: 5078: 4862: 4100: 3874: 3103: 2673: 2306: 1753: 1731: 1674: 1114: 8873: 6515:. The Three Alls Policy was responsible for the deaths of more than 2.7 million Chinese civilians. 6444: 5038:

and Mindoro (the fifth-largest and westernmost Philippine island) on 28 February 1945, with landings at

4420:

In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men and launched an operation across China under the code name

19081: 19050: 17858: 17400: 16896: 16815: 16760: 16648: 16604: 16254: 15880: 15804: 15706: 15583: 15455: 15448: 15408: 15381: 15113: 15046: 14641: 14452: 14382: 14362: 14172:

Allies against the Rising Sun: The United States, the British Nations, and the Defeat of Imperial Japan

8626: 7561: 5699: 5658:

wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability.

5336:

After an intense seven-day bombardment the main landings on Okinawa took place on 1 April 1945, on the

5179: 4856: 4840: 4000: 3768: 3729: 3046: 3026:

Meanwhile, Japanese aircraft had all but eliminated Allied air power in Southeast Asia and were making

2538: 2375: 2363: 1697: 1563: 1541: 1204: 1033: 1004: 888: 280: 180: 11404: 7670: 4243:

In November 1943 US Marines sustained high casualties when they overwhelmed the 4,500-strong garrison

1794: 19040: 19035: 18962: 18922: 18713: 18400: 17302: 17219: 17004: 16864: 16836: 16669: 16574: 16364: 15797: 14871: 14525: 12733:. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung (2nd ed.). Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China: Chung Wu Publishing. 12019: 8297: 6004: 5148: 5082: 5027: 4769: 4652: 4203: 4163: 4081: 4061: 4049: 4013: 3941: 3934: 3296: 3008: 2756: 2657: 2399: 2278: 2207: 2040: 1958: 1580: 1546: 1104: 287: 18902: 18192: 15069: 13711:

The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942

5766: 5182:

across the Sittaung River during June and July to rejoin the Burma Area Army which had regrouped in

3616:, which was the plan to seize two islands in the Aleutians, concurrently with the attack on Midway. 26:"War in the Pacific" redirects here. For the war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru in 1879–1884, see 19154: 18937: 18884: 18832: 18454: 18282: 18083: 17821: 17041: 17018: 16270: 16071: 16064: 15728: 15388: 15360: 15353: 14740: 13953:

The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941–1943

12544:

Ripples of Battle: How Wars of the Past Still Determine How We Fight, How We Live, and How We Think

10929: 7630: 6713: 6700: 5479: 5326: 5137: 4950:, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, north of 4947: 4463: 4333:. The Dutch lost five submarines due to Japanese attack or minefields, and the British lost three. 3810: 3700: 3678: 3308: 3284: 2958: 2711: 2546: 2520: 2487: 2359: 2328: 2163: 1993: 1884: 1596: 1411: 1269: 1050: 910: 15085: 15062: 11434: 5482:

on 1 May. This was followed on 1 June by simultaneous assaults in the northwest, on the island of

4959:

supply Leyte. Although fierce fighting continued on Leyte for months, the US Army was in control.

4392: 4340:

Within hours of Pearl Harbor, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine:

1399: 18977: 18854: 18784: 18593: 18345: 18272: 17463: 17407: 17277: 17137: 16822: 16475: 16371: 16277: 15845: 15713: 15683: 15647: 15632: 15504: 15396: 15374: 15320: 15306: 15288: 14952: 14733: 14461: 14410: 13439:

Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occoupation

12476: 11568: 11310: 11281: 10983: 10653: 7355: 7048:; 0.5 to 1 million Filipino civilian deaths; 91,000 to 1,000,000 Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000 5808: 5705: 5684: 5564: 5452: 5426: 5403: 5288: 4987: 4597: 4471: 4260: 4230: 4210: 4045: 3861: 3744: 3710: 3427: 3241: 2995: 2332: 2258: 2199: 2035: 2010: 1962: 1888: 1633: 1492: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1235: 1055: 152: 13662:

Bibliography of World War II battles and campaigns in East Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific

12132:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

10894:

Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Department of the Army,

9884: 5945: 2641: 2618:. They were defeated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by a mixed Soviet and Mongolian force led by 2141: 1514: 18694: 18658: 18634: 18531: 18516: 18365: 18277: 17155: 17048: 16850: 16801: 16704: 16597: 16567: 16350: 16238: 15964: 15755: 15346: 15327: 15297: 14844: 14814: 11862:

Penang At War: A History of Penang During and Between the First and Second World Wars 1914–1945

11505:

Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964.

10940: 6717: 6035: 5929: 5487: 5446: 5425:. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei in South China. Chinese launched a counter 5201: 4264: 4077: 3414: 3082:. The allies then tried to defend Central Burma, with Indian and Burmese divisions holding the 3038: 2891: 2883: 2684: 2479: 2331:. Also involved were members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which included the 2227: 2171: 2022: 1942: 1907: 1743: 1662: 1099: 810: 360: 343: 251: 146: 70: 13975:

The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942

13586: 13379: 12919: 12377: 12113:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000

5463:, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. Allied naval and air forces, centered on the 4910: 3094:. On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the 2680:" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas, killing at least 2.7 million civilians. 33:"Pacific theater of World War II" redirects here. For the US military area of operations, see 18718: 18180: 17646: 17369: 17212: 17108: 17078: 17034: 16774: 16739: 16732: 16655: 16553: 15994: 15971: 15818: 15429: 14966: 14706: 14692: 14375: 13996: 12804: 11306: 11200: 10947:

Retrieved 25 July 2015; Major British Warship Losses in World War II. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

10161: 9334: 7609: 7045: 6667: 5899: 5559:

Towards the end of the war as strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the

5330: 5232: 5016: 4876: 4795: 4668: 4364: 4319: 4199: 4179: 4149: 4111: 4006: 3788: 3717: 3561: 3134: 3095: 2857: 2837: 2833: 2661: 2585: 2254: 1915: 1911: 1819: 1254: 1014: 857: 472: 301: 15264: 13330:

Stevens, Keith (March 2005). "A token operation: 204 military mission to China, 1941–1945".

10592: 6720:

on 7 December 1941, which brought the contained war in China into the wider global conflict.

3532:

was cancelled, and the Japanese were forced to abandon their attempts to isolate Australia.

3041:

in late February and early March, the IJN defeated the main ABDA naval force, under Admiral

1280: 19278: 18849: 18673: 18663: 18175: 17773: 17470: 17325: 16976: 16933: 16903: 16829: 16639: 16618: 15544: 15021: 14699: 14053: 13902: 13880: 13741:

McArthur's Coalition: US and Australian operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942–1945

12228:

War, Nation, Memory: International Perspectives on World War II in School History Textbooks

9914: 9632:

Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes NAVEXOS P-468

7876:

E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations",

6024: 5751: 5739: 5579: 5399: 5252: 5155:, throwing the Japanese into disarray. While the Japanese attempted to recapture Meiktila, 5066: 5039: 4826: 4785: 4761:: 15 fleet carriers and 956 aircraft. The clash was the largest carrier battle in history. 4562: 4522: 4440: 4429: 4175: 4167: 4038: 3772: 3755: 3672: 3598: 3528:

were heavy and the Japanese were unable to support a landing on Port Moresby. As a result,

3477: 3443:

explodes on 8 May 1942, several hours after being damaged by a Japanese carrier air attack.

3437: 3237: 2764: 2726: 2646: 1775: 1199: 1187: 1075: 881: 7436: 7052:

civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths.

3809:. In October, US forces successfully challenged the Japanese in night fighting during the 3252:, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months, 3236:

in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted the "

3106:, the Japanese captured Toungoo after a severe battle and sent motorised units to capture 110: 8: 19076: 19023: 18996: 18986: 18932: 18927: 18912: 18789: 18613: 18292: 18287: 18170: 17809: 17588: 17362: 17240: 17196: 16718: 15852: 15618: 15145: 14975: 14959: 14908: 11650: 9335:"Chinese Victory: Changteh is Lost and Won in Battle Called Most Decisive in Three Years" 7547: 7535: 7492:

Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4.

7440: 7415: 7320: 6491: 5970: 5587: 5553: 5456: 4758: 4601: 4475: 4453: 4187: 4171: 4155: 4145: 4141: 4116: 3929:, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions, a total of around 120,000 troops, massed at 3869:

in September, meant that US carrier strength in the region was reduced to a single ship,

3733: 3696: 3659:, remained operational, and launched an immediate counterattack. Both of her attacks hit 3571: 3473: 3468:

struck the invasion force. The element of surprise was lost due to the success of Allied

3463: 2921: 2849: 2845: 2554: 2352: 2215: 2091: 1989: 1931: 1829: 1709: 1352: 1070: 944: 632: 265: 34: 18864: 14070: 6042:, codenamed Operation Meetinghouse, which killed an estimated 100,000 people, March 1945 4501:

As many Japanese had feared, their inadequate lines of communication and the failure of

3978: 19045: 18982: 18804: 18774: 18315: 17581: 17414: 17339: 17293: 17263: 17171: 17011: 16676: 16560: 16454: 16405: 16343: 16099: 16050: 15859: 15483: 15138: 14936: 14215: 14205:

History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive.

13978: 13815: 13671: 13555: 13347: 13036: 12957: 12455: 11981: 11839: 8794: 6531: 6507:

During the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers killed millions of non-combatants, including

5734: 5598:

stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction".

5591: 5549: 5537: 5519: 5515: 5483: 5284: 5240: 5196: 5183: 4692: 4593:

were crushed. The strategy of holding overextended island garrisons was fully exposed.

4586: 4546: 4530: 3945: 3716:

fought a stubborn rearguard action in New Guinea, against a Japanese advance along the

3488: 3271: 3183: 2948: 2785: 2749: 2597: 2562: 2456:. US sources refer to two theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific theater and the 2441: 2296: 2231: 1985: 1975: 1482: 1362: 1228: 1221: 1160: 1150: 1124: 976: 898: 99: 27: 11290:

Originally Published in Esprit de Corp Magazine, Volume 9 Issue 4 and Volume 9 Issue 5

11256: 8684: 8530: 8500: 7215: 6590:. American soldiers are alleged to have committed rapes during the Battle of Okinawa. 5310:

The largest and bloodiest battle fought by the Americans against the Japanese came at

4868: 4513:

Although the advance in Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the

2699:

and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.

1902:

had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back to 1931 with the

19086: 18779: 18759: 18526: 18155: 17882: 17572: 17456: 17346: 17286: 17247: 17180: 17162: 17128: 17071: 17025: 16969: 16794: 16532: 16524: 16461: 16314: 15908: 15440: 14901: 14880: 14590: 14333: 14294: 14278: 14264: 14248: 14232: 14183: 14136: 14117: 14040: 14023: 13982: 13910: 13888: 13855: 13836: 13819: 13784: 13752: 13749:

Fighting in World War II: The Battles Between American and Japanese Aircraft Carriers

13726: 13678: 13620: 13592: 13562: 13539: 13520: 13501: 13480: 13461: 13442: 13423: 13404: 13385: 13364: 13351: 13299: 13280: 13258: 13206: 13187: 13168: 13149: 13100: 13064: 13042: 13012: 12993: 12974: 12961: 12925: 12895: 12867: 12848: 12831: 12810: 12789: 12767: 12748: 12742: 12715: 12698: 12679: 12656: 12625: 12619: 12604: 12585: 12566: 12547: 12528: 12507: 12488: 12424: 12405: 12383: 12362: 12330: 12307: 12288: 12269: 12250: 12231: 12191: 12172: 12153: 12116: 12097: 12078: 12055: 12023: 12000: 11958: 11939: 11911: 11884: 11865: 11808: 11789: 10875: 10810: 10681: 10171: 10048: 8964: 8560: 8335: 8039: 7614: 7522: 7458: 7363: 7075: 6778:

had US destroyers fighting at sea, but no state of war had been declared by Congress.

6775: 5982: 5914: 5743: 5719: 5650: 5541: 5486:

and the coast of Brunei. A week later the Australians attacked Japanese positions in

5306:

US Marines pass a dead Japanese soldier in a destroyed village on Okinawa, April 1945

5279: 5168: 4933: 4773: 4642: 4421: 4387:

both proved defective and were not corrected until September 1943. Before the war, a

4065: 4053: 3972: 3913: 3494: 3387: 3332: 3162: 3074:

on 31 January 1942, and then drove outnumbered British and Indian troops towards the

3053: 3019: 2902: 2703: 2696: 2677: 2566: 2550: 2421: 2211: 1927: 1856: 1714: 1553: 1529: 1382: 1261: 1214: 1119: 964: 949: 893: 579: 484: 295: 173: 18235: 14315: 14198:

History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul

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Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–1945 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo

7583: 5762: 5141: 4750: 19227: 18947: 18668: 18340: 17870: 17491: 17484: 17428: 17092: 16857: 16843: 16746: 16683: 16634: 16447: 16300: 16247: 16057: 16008: 15922: 15152: 15129: 14662: 14180:

Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation

13807: 13495: 13339: 13221: 13141: 12949: 12447: 12397: 12214: 11903: 11831: 10441: 10439: 7848: 7079: 7074:

460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan, 100,000 in the

7049: 6823: 6647: 6508: 5976: 5834: 5667: 5655: 5345: 5322: 5062: 4914: 4746: 4704: 4696: 4672: 4638: 4609: 4550: 4514: 4384: 4302: 4244: 4195: 4166:

in Northern New Guinea in April 1943, which was followed in June to October by the

3957: 3889: 3881: 3767:

of a Japanese airfield under construction at Guadalcanal. On 7 August 1942, 16,000

3606: 3409: 3280: 3210: 3174: 3166: 3154: 2976: 2929: 2841: 2824:

on the United States and the British Empire on 7 December (8 December in

2615: 2608: 2589: 2570: 2507: 2409: 2391: 1923: 1524: 1502: 1155: 983: 969: 939: 852: 832: 276: 19202: 14671: 14321: 14133:

Storm Over Leyte: The Philippine Invasion and the Destruction of the Japanese Navy

14017: 12825: 12359:

Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941

8795:"An Abandoned Army – The KNIL and The Japanese Invasion of Northern Dutch Sumatra" 8732: 7324: 5437: 5092: 5008: 4998: 4772:, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the 4573:

to Burma. In 1943–44, Allied forces in the Solomons began driving relentlessly to

4281:

US submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at

4259:, Egypt, to discuss a strategy to defeat Japan. The meeting was also known as the 3720:

towards Port Moresby. The militia were relieved in late August by troops from the

3232:

Australia had been shocked by the speed of the collapse of British Malaya and the

1375: 19247: 18952: 18874: 18794: 18267: 18106: 17690: 17514: 17226: 17141: 17099: 16997: 16940: 16808: 16590: 16581: 16110: 15692: 15668: 14922: 14340: 14328: 14005: 13614: 12522: 11538: 11441: 11330: 10944: 10933: 10660: 10528: 10307: 10100: 8706: 8064: 7407: 6677: 6672: 6527: 6484: 5786:

Emperor Hirohito, The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 August 1945

5629: 5583: 5524: 5460: 5418: 5256: 5215: 4955: 4929: 4899: 4661: 4648: 4554: 4502: 4486: 4467: 4380: 4226: 3987: 3983: 3854: 3706: 3312: 3083: 3061: 2821: 2665: 2593: 2512: 2324: 2130: 1895: 1692: 1613: 1357: 1313: 1085: 1060: 929: 605: 460: 421: 18869: 17626: 10436: 4608:: a decisive fleet action that would be fought somewhere from the Palaus to the 19:

This article is about the Pacific theaters of World War II. For other uses, see

19197: 19091: 18917: 18907: 18764: 18728: 18150: 17833: 17521: 17057: 16983: 15035: 14894: 13767: 13650:; 384 pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence. 13635: 13319: 12781: 10520: 9591: 8763: 8653: 7411: 7312: 6908: 6576: 5954: 5922: 5882: 5829: 5511: 5498:

being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around

5468: 5321:

The Japanese troops defending Okinawa, under the command of Lieutenant General

5311: 5122: 5035: 5031: 4979: 4975: 4880: 4872: 4777: 4754: 4482: 3968: 3926: 3780: 3633: 3383: 3267:, which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft. 3075: 2576: 2282: 2187: 2183: 2159: 1628: 1623: 1143: 997: 905: 827: 560: 387: 315: 305: 222: 166: 19232: 19207: 14356: 13343: 12953: 12702: 12218: 11425:"World War II: The Defensive Phase", US Army Center of Military History, p. 87 10729: 7503:/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century" 6819: 5351: 5214:

on 23 February 1945, depicts six United States Marines raising a US flag atop

3759:

US Marines rest in the field during the Guadalcanal campaign in November 1942.

3118:. Accompanied by large numbers of civilian refugees, the British retreated to 19272: 18723: 18444: 18434: 18262: 18227: 17332: 15257: 15106: 14945: 12738: 11569:"BBC – History – World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 6894: 6554: 6539: 6020: 5843: 5475:

and the US Thirteenth Air Force also played important roles in the campaign.

5302: 5244: 5211: 5118: 5096: 5058: 4991: 4967: 4903: 4330: 4183: 4096: 3885: 3764: 3640: 3469: 3394: 3376: 3323: 3304: 3300: 3240:" would soon follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian 3042: 2988: 2945: 2730: 2619: 2483: 2427: 2239: 2179: 1864: 550: 374: 319: 232: 18824: 13932:

Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945

13477:

Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942

12438:

Garthoff, Raymond L. (1969). "The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945".

12283:

Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).

12205:

Coox, Alvin (1973). "The Lake Khasan Affair of 1938: Overview and Lessons".

10844: 5953:

Between the Malayan Campaign (130,000 discounting some 20,000 Australians),

4625: 4478:

divisions of XV Corps stood firm, relying on supplies dropped by parachute.

4048:(SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the 3386:

occurred in April 1942, where 16 bombers took off from the aircraft carrier

1432: 18320: 18197: 17694: 17631: 17435: 15735: 15640: 15271: 14634: 14398: 14114:

Islands of Destiny: The Solomons Campaign and the Eclipse of the Rising Sun

14027: 13832: 13647: 13272: 13056: 13009:

Taierzhuang 1938 – Stalingrad 1942: Insight into a blind spot of WW2 Series

12845:

Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945

12835: 12676:

Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces

12354: 12074: 10157: 9300: 9209: 7610:

Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945

7506: 6950: 6815: 6619: 5803:

was signed on 2 September 1945. The surrender was accepted by MacArthur as

5567: 5464: 5383: 4852: 4647:

On 12 March 1944, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed the occupation of the

4349: 4073: 3893: 3740: 3620: 3449: 3359: 3264: 2825: 2707: 2668:. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale 2631: 2623: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2340: 2026: 1966: 1954: 1868: 1860: 1465: 1326: 1134: 1129: 1043: 645: 589: 323: 237: 57: 18894: 18511: 14067:

Pacific War and Contingent Victory: Why Japanese Defeat Was Not Inevitable

13811: 13145: 11907: 9661: 5528:

American B-29 Superfortresses drop incendiary bombs over the port city of

5002:

US troops approaching Japanese positions near Baguio, Luzon, 23 March 1945

4982:, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January. 3397:

and a line of converted trawlers patrolling the vast waters that separate

2592:

the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to

18521: 17270: 17256: 16918: 15594: 15415: 15400: 14223: 14210: 13165:

Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan

11953:

Boog, Horst; Rahn, Werner; Stumpf, Reinhard; Wegner, Bernd, eds. (2001).

11749: 10324: 8874:"In office – John Curtin – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers" 7886: 7797: 7787:

Retrieved 5/26/23. Approximately 20,000 in combat and 30,000 operational.

7006: 6964: 6936: 6657: 6511:, from surrounding nations. At least 20 million Chinese died during 5887: 5866: 5861: 5571: 5563:

was created to oversee all US strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under

5114: 5020: 4891: 4695:

against Japanese cities of military and industrial importance, including

4353: 4294: 4092: 4076:, its training, morale and health greatly improved. The American General 3625: 3398: 3351: 3225: 3199: 2876: 2789: 2635: 2320: 2175: 1950: 1507: 820: 569: 520: 404: 13907:

The Fleet at Flood Tide: The U.S. at Total War in the Pacific, 1944–1945

10521:

National Revolutionary Army Order of Battle for the Battle of West Hunan

9628: 8935:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Were the Japanese going to invade?" 7316: 5590:, which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the 5502:

in Borneo, only six of 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.

4990:

resulted in over 100,000 civilian deaths and was the scene of the worst

4505:'s gamble on an early victory meant that their troops starved. Once the 2975:

on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General

2941: 2804:

Germany; the Soviet Union was seen as unlikely to commence hostilities.

18769: 18385: 16625: 16378: 16357: 15250: 14583: 14511: 14345: 13869: 12639: 12459: 11843: 11543:

Chapter 3. LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London-Zürich (1999)"

11354: 9957: 9571: 8486: 5621: 5410: 4887: 4064:

and immediately took measures to address the famine in Bengal. General

3821: 3684: 3347: 3170: 3139: 3111: 3099: 3071: 2955: 2542: 2478:(IJN) did not integrate its units into permanent theater commands. The 2243: 1497: 1487: 217: 18678: 13479:(reprint, 1982 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 11974:

Selected Papers from the Citadel Conference on War and Diplomacy: 1978

10237: 10235: 10233: 10231: 5964:

the Bengal famine and 0.25 to 1 million deaths in British Burma.

5069:

to attack targets throughout the Philippines and the South China Sea.

4831: 4135: 3202:

called for American support with an announcement on 27 December 1941:

2928:

Thailand, with its territory already serving as a springboard for the

2916: 2645:

Chinese casualties of a mass panic during a June 1941 Japanese aerial

2525: 2004: 1875:. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the 19096: 19071: 19066: 18879: 18750: 18683: 18355: 17845: 17761: 17713: 16888: 16293: 16090: 15901: 15699: 15654: 12712:

The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War

9941: 7852: 7062: 6922: 6637: 6567:

Allied war crimes during World War II § Asia and the Pacific War

6553:

A widely publicized example of institutionalized sexual slavery are "

6030: 5625: 5595: 4533:, which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over " 4526: 4445: 4085: 3961: 3815: 3713: 3402: 3355: 3205: 2769: 2688: 2604: 2348: 2344: 2274: 2235: 2195: 2043:

to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.

2025:

during the war, the "Pacific War" was not usually distinguished from

1243: 639: 625: 291: 212: 15175: 13829:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

12451: 11835: 10708: 10706: 10467: 10200: 10009: 9849: 9833: 5879:

wounded; 335,934 killed and 426,249 wounded in Japanese air attacks.

5455:. In a series of amphibious assaults between 1 May and 21 July, the 4225:

The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theaters: Generalissimo

3643:

dive bombers surprised and attacked three of the Japanese carriers.

2748:

were noted, IJA officers were openly talking about war, and Admiral

2541:

on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The

19175: 18608: 18299: 18243: 15159: 14887: 13962:. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history. 13798:

Gordon, David M. (January 2006). "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945".

12323:

In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army

10731:

Battlefield S4/E3 – The Battle of Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory

10388: 10352: 10340: 10312: 10262: 10228: 10216: 9137: 8392: 7188:"US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics" 6992: 6599: 5771: 5654:

exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian

5646: 5638: 5499: 5295: 5224: 5178:

The Japanese forces which had been bypassed by the Allied advances

5160: 5152: 4951: 4780:. Only one American warship was slightly damaged. On the same day, 4741:

and two destroyers under attack in the Battle of the Philippine Sea

4578: 4534: 4494: 4290: 4221: 4072:

was formed to face the Japanese in Burma. Under Lieutenant General

4034: 2864:, the declaration was not delivered until after the attacks began. 2745: 2687:

had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at

2652:

The war entered a new phase with the defeat of the Japanese at the

615: 508: 159: 18075: 13536:

The War with Japan: The Period of Balance, May 1942 – October 1943

7234: 4629:

US Marines during mopping up operations on Peleliu, September 1944

3990:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theatre from 1942 to 1945 2691:

while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in

2515:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theater from 1942 to 1945 79: 18350: 11350: 10703: 9502: 8685:"The Japanese Invasion of Dutch West Timor Island, February 1942" 8583: 8455: 7623: 7163:

US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics

5933: 5796: 5634: 5414: 5337: 5126: 4963: 4715: 4570: 4506: 4425: 3953: 3949: 3930: 3908: 3833: 3827: 3091: 2984: 2898: 2860:

signed an armistice and entered an alliance with Japan. Although

2692: 1872: 227: 14351: 14207:

Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.

13097:

Command of the Sea: The History and Strategy of Maritime Empires

11168: 11111: 3462:

on 3 May, the following day, aircraft from the American carrier

3346:

was planned to expand Japan's strategic depth by adding eastern

2355:(which controlled the coastal regions of China), respectively. 19028: 18202: 15769: 14367: 14316:"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia" compiled by Kent G. Budge 13967:

We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan

13781:

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

11346: 10076: 10074: 9113: 7020: 6978: 6880: 6716:

since 1937, war was not officially declared. Japan would later

6663:

Pacific Theater aircraft carrier operations during World War II

5949:

Indian prisoners of war shot and bayoneted by Japanese soldiers

5907: 5606: 5505: 5451:

The Borneo campaign of 1945 was the last major campaign in the

5315: 5130: 4753:, supplemented by 500 land-based aircraft. Facing them was the 4680: 4676: 4660:

Saipan's southern point, was secured on 27 June. In the north,

4574: 4490: 4282: 4216: 4125: 4017: 3245: 3219:

as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom.

3119: 3115: 3107: 3079: 3057: 3049:

ended with the surrender of Allied forces on Java and Sumatra.

2933: 2721:

efforts mostly targeted large Chinese cities such as Shanghai,

2288: 2203: 90: 12016:

Creating Military Power: The Sources of Military Effectiveness

11152: 11150: 10778: 10299:

Volume 68, Number 4, October 2004, pp. 1143–1186 and rebuttal

9210:"Battle of Milne Bay from 25 August 1942 to 07 September 1942" 8409: 8407: 8236: 6588:

collected the body parts of dead Japanese soldiers as trophies

4229:, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the 2882:

burned for two days after being hit by a Japanese bomb in the

2862:

Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire

759: 18395: 15957: 14037:

War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945

13203:

In a Sea of Bitterness, Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War

11099: 11022:

Meng Guoxiang & Zhang Qinyuan, 1995. "关于抗日战争中我国军民伤亡数字问题".

11003: 11001: 9811: 9809: 9734: 8040:"The Hukbalahap Insurrection: World War II and Huk Expansion" 7144: 6522:, more than 200,000 Chinese civilians were killed, while the 6498:

War crimes in World War II § Crimes perpetrated by Japan

6039: 5903: 5895: 5050: 4971: 4845: 4687:

on Saipan and Tinian from November 1944 to January 1945. The

4582: 4558: 4256: 3367: 3003: 2763:, iron ore, and steel to Japan. In Japan, the government and 2752:

was reported as saying a showdown with the US was necessary.

2722: 1310: 13500:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute Press. 13255:

Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation

12049: 11761: 11486: 10811:"The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 Aug 45" 10754: 10071: 9394: 9306: 9252: 9101: 9089: 8768:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8737:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8689:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8658:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8075: 7896: 7717: 7715: 6530:

killed over 100,000 Filipino civilians. Japan also employed

6483:

A Filipino woman and child killed by Japanese forces in the

4540: 4415: 3014: 14260:

Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945

13458:

The Rising Sun: the Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire

11652:

Judgement: International Military Tribunal for the Far East

11541:

Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900

11342: 11338: 11334: 11147: 10926: 9929: 9312: 9015: 9013: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8712: 8627:"Remembering 1942, The fall of Singapore, 15 February 1942" 8607: 8419: 8404: 7932: 7702: 7700: 7277:

Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths"

5610:

The mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki

5529: 5054: 4566: 3747:

finally captured the key Japanese beachhead in early 1943.

3363: 3318: 3311:. Australian and Dutch forces led civilians in a prolonged 2999: 2817: 2793: 14244:

The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944

14149:

Prange, Gordon W. Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon.

13703:

The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance

13137:

China's Bloody Century Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900

12864:

Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China

11737: 10998: 10190: 10188: 9806: 9758: 7818: 7806: 6701:

Fighting an undeclared war against Japan since 7 July 1937

5478:

The campaign opened with a landing on the small island of

4481:

The Japanese launched a long-planned offensive, codenamed

4318:, as seen through the periscope of an American submarine, 17689:

States and territories in the sphere of influence of the

14200:. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963 14059:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

13694:

Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King

13061:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

13038:

Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway

12423:(reprint, 1995 ed.). Random House Publishing Group. 11519: 11456: 11369: 10790: 10623: 10488: 10486: 10279: 10277: 10252: 10250: 10030: 10028: 9722: 9710: 9475: 9370: 8485:. United States Congress. 8 December 1941. Archived from 8336:"The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War Economy" 7944: 7830: 7712: 7198: 7196: 7107: 7105: 7103: 6653:

Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan

5298:. At Okinawa, the kamikazes caused 4,900 American deaths. 4359: 14291:

The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42

13937:

Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau.

13751:(New ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company Inc. 11853:

Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941

11223: 10534: 10133: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9775: 9773: 9698: 9533: 9358: 9264: 9240: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9158: 9156: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9056: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9025: 9010: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8854: 8837: 8531:"The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan" 8353: 7697: 6860:

These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.

6598:

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East in

5441:

Australian soldiers landing at Balikpapan on 7 July 1945

5087: 3903: 2911: 2905:, was beyond the Imperial Japanese Navy's capabilities. 2580:

German-trained Chinese troops in downtown Shanghai, 1937

13852:

Dark Trophies. Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War

13314:

World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites

11725: 10937: 10400: 10376: 10364: 10185: 9865: 9821: 9228: 9125: 8813: 8382: 8380: 8014:"World War II and the founding of the Vietnamese state" 7452: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7246: 5932:

of Japan at that time. The war created 95 million

15029:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

14228:

Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942

12421:

The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay

11649:"Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities)". 11201:"British Losses & Losses Inflicted on Axis Navies" 11135: 11123: 11037: 11018: 11016: 10766: 10575: 10573: 10483: 10424: 10412: 10274: 10247: 10025: 9521: 9465: 9463: 9288: 9276: 8998: 8431: 8087: 7956: 7768: 7766: 7732: 7730: 7476: 7474: 7193: 7132: 7100: 4970:

operations, in support of major landings scheduled on

4794:

was also sunk by a single torpedo, from the submarine

4190:

group. Landings from September until December secured

4084:, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the 4052:, who headed the British Indian Army. In October 1943 3560:—and believed that the Americans had a maximum of two— 2738: 2569:

in mid-December 1937 and committing atrocities in the

2366:. Collaborationist security units were also formed in 2214:) was also involved. All of these were members of the 13925:

China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945

12282: 11786:

The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa

11755: 11274: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11075: 10901: 10109: 9992: 9973: 9785: 9770: 9610: 9423: 9421: 9185: 9168: 9153: 9068: 9037: 8979: 8224: 8212: 8161: 7968: 4370:, the largest non-nuclear submarines ever constructed 3524:

was left undamaged, aircraft and personnel losses to

2460:(CBI). However, these were not operational commands. 2412:

both had limited involvement in the Pacific War. The

2071:. Japanese officials integrated what they called the 13644:

TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942

12911:

The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945

12892:

The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History

12644:

Who Actually Fought the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945?

12481:

American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration

12304:

War Without Mercy: Race and Power In the Pacific War

12287:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 11952: 10691: 9406: 9382: 8398: 8377: 8365: 8341: 7908: 7649: 7647: 7437:"New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II " 7376: 7294: 7282: 6609: 5921:) implemented in May 1942 in north China by general 5065:. These islands provided bases for the US Fifth and 4719:

strategic value of the landings is still contested.

4435: 4410: 3576:

was undergoing repair after a torpedo attack, while

3052:

In March and April, an IJN carrier force launched a

2039:

was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the

14101:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976. 13715:. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki 13420:

Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II

12650: 12285:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

11713: 11659: 11591: 11468: 11381: 11013: 10570: 10558: 10546: 10455: 10449: 10394: 10358: 10346: 10318: 10268: 10241: 10222: 9460: 9433: 8595: 8137: 8125: 7858: 7763: 7751: 7727: 7471: 7122: 7120: 5171:, which had been abandoned earlier, be reinstated. 4136:

Allied offensives on New Guinea and up the Solomons

3405:, the Japanese east coast was left open to attack. 3370:, and strategic points in the Australian area. The 3165:began executing plans to make a final stand on the 2816:Following prolonged tensions between Japan and the 2502: 351: 13998:Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942 13670: 13554: 13324:Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan 13117:United States Submarine Operations in World War II 12784:(2010). James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.). 11701: 11188: 9746: 9418: 8279: 8260: 8248: 7920: 7685: 7336:Hara, Tameichi, with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau. 6628:Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan 3034:on 19 February, which killed at least 243 people. 302:Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean 14275:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 14203:Shaw, Henry, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh. 14108:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. 14094:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1967. 13673:Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific 13557:Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea 13381:China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41 13030:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press. 12806:Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics 12651:Heinrichs, Waldo H.; Gallicchio, Marc S. (2017). 12148:Cook, Haruko Taya; Cook, Theodore Failor (1993). 12139:Coakley, Robert W.; Leighton, Richard M. (1989). 11994: 11624:"Denial of the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking" 10984:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 10654:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 10156: 8589: 8519:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates, Inc. 8326:, London & New York, Routledge Curzon, p. 85. 8324:Language, Ideology and Japanese History Textbooks 8200: 8149: 7748:Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, "Relatório 1946–47", AHU 7644: 7216:"Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies" 7190:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Footnote 2. 5561:United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific 5243:, a total of 70,647 troops, under the command of 3709:and New Guinea. From July 1942, a few Australian 3705:Japanese land forces continued to advance in the 3098:and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division, led by 2820:, units of the IJN and IJA launched simultaneous 2712:culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941 2490:during the Second Sino-Japanese War, created the 2314: 19270: 19253:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 13876:. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959. 13298:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 12166: 11603: 11117: 10523:". China Whampoa Academy Net. 11 September 2007 8579:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc. 8549:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc. 8188: 7117: 6520:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5902:killed about 7 million Indian civilians in 4835:The four engagements in the Battle of Leyte Gulf 4356:, much to the consternation of its German ally. 4345:and only occasionally attacked US supply lines. 3940:After the Doolittle Raid, the IJA conducted the 3803:, resulting in the sinking of the light carrier 2936:on 19 December, encountering little resistance. 2856:and were resisted for several hours, before the 2614:In 1939, Japanese forces tried to push into the 19223:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 13885:Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal 13517:The Battle Of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action 12546:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Anchor Books. 12375: 12346:Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939 12138: 12071:China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45 11995:Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). 11305:, 10,495 killed and 21,456 wounded in the 1938 11254: 11087: 11025: 8242: 8182:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945 8063: 7457:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 66. 7453:Dear, I.C.B; Foot, M.R.D. (2005). "Australia". 7150: 5536:Hard-fought battles on the Japanese islands of 4060:as its Supreme Commander. Wavell was appointed 3279:reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese 2811: 2486:to oversee its occupation of Manchukuo and the 2129:is also used, referring to the period from the 2122: 2103: 2083: 2060: 18212: 13826: 13561:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 13063:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 12971:A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War 12969:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001). 12788:(illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. 12653:Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944–1945 12565:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 12226:Crawford, Keith A.; Foster, Stuart J. (2007). 12225: 11301:(12,031 killed and 24,425 wounded in the 1945 11105: 10667:, BBC History) Access date: 11 September 2007. 10585: 7165:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Table 9. 3690: 2424:in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, notably the 2265:of April 1941, until August 1945 when it (and 2249:The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared 2145:Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939 2116: 2097: 2077: 2052: 18091: 17674: 14383: 14010:United States Army Center of Military History 13361:The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War 13167:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center. 13034: 12968: 12695:Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953 12143:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History. 12013: 11933: 11897: 11401:"Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century" 11156: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10080: 9740: 9119: 9107: 7902: 7321:Major British Warship Losses in World War II. 6683:Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War 5851:shortages, massacres, shelling, and bombing. 4784:was hit by four torpedoes from the submarine 4667:A month after the invasion of Saipan, the US 4209:These landings prepared the way for Nimitz's 4106: 1462: 1448: 1296: 775: 13923:Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. 13765: 13723:The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944 13184:World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia 12731:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 12376:Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (1994). 12352: 12247:Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons 12014:Brooks, Risa; Stanley, Elizabeth A. (2007). 11900:Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia 11245:. 15 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 11171:"65th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day" 10648: 10646: 9400: 9258: 9095: 8909:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Rabaul" 8425: 8413: 8359: 5506:Landings in the Japanese home islands (1945) 4612:. It was in this area that the newly formed 4217:Invasion of the Gilbert and Marshall Islands 2584:In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their 2557:against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly 2440:Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main 2166:. The US and its territories, including the 18575:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 13901: 13879: 13874:Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War 13552: 13035:Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). 12747:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 12244: 11898:Blackburn, Kevin; Hack, Karl, eds. (2007). 10874:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 675. 10819:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 10808: 10513: 10160:; Kosuge, Margaret; Kibata, Yōichi (2000). 9935: 9815: 9764: 9318: 8866: 8792: 8761: 8682: 8676: 8654:"The capture of Bali Island, February 1942" 7354: 4020:, important for its port and airfield. The 3655:were destroyed. A single Japanese carrier, 3290: 2425: 2090:into the Greater East Asia War. During the 688:Over 4,000,000 soldiers killed (1937–1945) 18098: 18084: 17681: 17667: 14390: 14376: 13296:Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb 12475: 12167:Corfield, Justin; Corfield, Robin (2012). 12129: 12110: 11986:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11324:"Soviet Losses in the Khalkhin Gol Battle" 11007: 10784: 10503: 10501: 10145: 9695:新聞記者が語りつぐ戦争 16 中国慰霊読売新聞社 (1983/2) p. 187. 9589: 9307:Chevrier, Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004 8898:Cited in Frank Crowley (1973) Vol 2, p. 51 7950: 7836: 7721: 7667:"Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945" 6789:United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan 5833:American corpses sprawled on the beach of 5046:aided US forces to dispatch the holdouts. 4886:However, after Center Force departed from 4875:. The Center Force would pass through the 4182:to secure a secretly constructed Japanese 3937:, the first Allied success against Japan. 2759:, which controlled the Dutch East Indies, 2396:the overthrow of the French regime in 1945 1945:pitted against Japan, the latter aided by 1455: 1441: 1303: 1289: 782: 768: 18973:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 18588:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 14019:South-West Pacific Area – First Year 13972: 13827:Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1994). 12938: 12894:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. 12861: 12527:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 12524:Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945 12506:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12404:. Stanford University Press. p. 89. 12050:Chevrier; Chomiczewski; Garrigue (2004). 11783: 10643: 10418: 8764:"The conquest of Java Island, March 1942" 8167: 7851:: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing, 7824: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7208: 7176:Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy 6939:27,000 killed, more than 70,000 prisoners 6883:10 million casualties, 3.8 million deaths 6802:United States declaration of war on Japan 6694: 6643:Japanese-American service in World War II 6140:Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands 5616:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4924: 4541:Beginning of the end in the Pacific, 1944 4416:Japanese counteroffensives in China, 1944 3447:The attack on Port Moresby was codenamed 3248:on 23 January 1942. On 19 February 1942, 2981:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command 2867: 2714:, effectively ending their co-operation. 2327:included the authoritarian government of 1980:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1894:The Second Sino-Japanese War between the 18361:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 17810:Reorganized National Government of China 14015: 13849: 13668: 13584: 13533: 13514: 13493: 13474: 13094: 13028:Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II 12889: 12728: 12617: 12582:Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze 12437: 12402:The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals 12185: 12147: 12094:Tidal Wave: From Leyte Gulf to Tokyo Bay 12068: 12036: 11934:Bond, Brian; Tachikawa, Kyoichi (2004). 11855:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 11767: 11257:"Canada at War Against Japan, 1941–1945" 10912:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 ( 10869: 10760: 10507: 10168:Continuum International Publishing Group 10127: 10019: 9951: 9704: 9676: 9635:, Hyperwar project ed. Patrick Clancey, 9539: 9329: 9327: 9270: 9246: 9234: 9147: 9131: 9019: 8860: 8848: 8831: 8724: 8371: 7938: 7507:/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 the original 7392:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 ( 7252: 7240: 7202: 7138: 7111: 6544: 6478: 6029: 6014: 5944: 5828: 5738: 5645:, with detractors claiming that a naval 5605: 5523: 5436: 5301: 5283: 5200: 5091: 4997: 4928: 4830: 4732: 4624: 4439: 4358: 4307: 4220: 4162:in March 1942, Cartwheel began with the 4110: 3977: 3907: 3754: 3587: 3431: 3322: 3319:Japanese strategy and the Doolittle Raid 3204: 3133: 3013: 2915: 2871: 2775: 2676:; in retaliation, Japan instituted the " 2640: 2575: 2524: 2506: 2497: 2291:provided air support in the form of the 2140: 2003: 1407:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 1348:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 13778: 13538:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13398: 13312:Smith, J. Douglas, and Richard Jensen. 13200: 13181: 13162: 13055: 13025: 12842: 12729:Hsu Long-hsuen; Chang Ming-kai (1971). 12709: 12697:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 12678:]. Iwanami Bukkuretto. p. 43. 12598: 12579: 12141:Global Logistics and Strategy 1943–1945 12091: 12043:Hammer and Sickle against Samurai Sword 11881:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 11375: 10716: 10498: 10477: 10406: 10382: 10370: 10334: 10330: 10210: 10194: 10034: 9967: 9947: 9871: 9855: 9839: 9827: 9509: 9412: 9282: 8819: 8718: 8651: 8613: 8437: 8143: 8131: 8093: 8081: 7962: 7914: 6723: 6034:Charred remains of civilians killed in 4044:In August 1943 the Allies formed a new 2744:troop build-ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and 2281:and Japanese-claimed territory such as 412: 200:(3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) 19271: 19171:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 18055:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 17762:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government 16237: 16215:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 14130: 14111: 14076:Okumiya, Masatake and Fuchida, Mitso. 14034: 13797: 13720: 13612: 13575: 13455: 13436: 13417: 13358: 13293: 13243: 13219: 13133: 13124: 13113: 12987: 12908: 12761: 12737: 12669: 12601:Nanjing 1937: Battle for a Doomed City 12541: 12466: 12418: 12263: 12039:Serp i Molot Protiv Samuraiskogo Mecha 11859: 11850: 11743: 11719: 11665: 11642: 11621: 11597: 11444:uboat.net. Retrieved 24 February 2018. 11169:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). 11141: 11129: 11081: 11043: 10772: 10712: 10579: 10564: 10552: 10492: 10473: 10461: 10445: 10430: 10283: 10256: 10206: 10015: 10003: 9986: 9963: 9859: 9843: 9800: 9779: 9469: 9439: 9353:Science in the 20th Century and Beyond 9294: 9196: 9179: 9162: 9143: 9083: 9062: 9050: 9031: 9004: 8992: 8941:from the original on 16 September 2011 8797:. Dutch East Indies Campaign website. 8730: 8695:from the original on 25 September 2013 8601: 8511:from the original on 24 September 2015 8463:from the original on 12 September 2014 8386: 8347: 8266: 8230: 8218: 8179: 7974: 7880:, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An 7812: 7736: 7343: 7300: 6732: 6581:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 6526:concluded that over 300,000 died. The 5805:Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers 5791:In Japan, 14 August is considered the 4790:and sank with heavy loss of life. The 4620: 4299:played a major role in defeating Japan 4099:in China, but were driven back by the 3677:, were sunk by the Japanese submarine 3189: 2772:" ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch"). 2630:, which was controlled at the time by 2573:, including rape, murder and torture. 2218:. From 1944 the French commando group 2162:. China had already been engaged in a 2069:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 310:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 19284:Military history of the Pacific Ocean 18079: 17662: 17086:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 16518:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 16164:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 16120:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15225:Rape during the occupation of Germany 14371: 14288: 14083:Potter, E. B. and Chester W. Nimitz. 13995:Matloff, Maurice and Snell, Edwin M. 13977:(New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: 13969:. University Press of Kentucky, 1988. 13746: 13709:Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds. 13700: 13691: 13677:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 13077: 13006: 12917: 12520: 12396: 12301: 11924: 11821: 11802: 11731: 11707: 11579:from the original on 28 November 2015 11462: 10958:"Remember role in ending fascist war" 10907: 10796: 10742:from the original on 27 November 2015 10697: 10599:from the original on 2 September 2017 10115: 10053:The Netherlands East Indies 1941–1942 9716: 9639:from the original on 17 February 2009 9616: 9577: 9481: 9427: 9376: 9364: 9324: 9216:from the original on 15 December 2018 8937:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au. 19 February 1942. 8755: 8155: 8059: 8057: 7864: 7706: 7653: 7480: 7387: 7288: 6925:Over 51,000 casualties, 17,501 killed 6911:Up to 231,119 casualties, 82,000 dead 6443:Germany lost ten submarines and four 5423:Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei 5088:Allied offensives in Burma, 1944–1945 4693:an intense strategic bombing campaign 4691:based out of these islands conducted 4521:. They captured a fortified position 4239:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 3904:Stalemate in China and Southeast Asia 3313:guerilla campaign in Portuguese Timor 2912:South-East Asian campaigns of 1941–42 2854:invaded southern and eastern Thailand 2482:(IJA), which had already created the 2358:Japan conscripted many soldiers from 1992:by the Allies. Japan lost its former 1863:that was fought in eastern Asia, the 1436: 1284: 763: 18580:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 18336:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 17846:Provisional Government of Free India 16208:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15240:Rape during the liberation of France 14177: 14165:Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History 14087:. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles 14078:Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan 13783:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13725:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13271: 12924:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 12880: 12823: 12802: 12624:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 12560: 12501: 12361:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 12343: 12320: 12204: 11971: 11525: 11474: 11387: 11229: 10825:from the original on 10 January 2012 10595:. National Science Digital Library. 10540: 10139: 10094:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 9891:from the original on 24 October 2019 9728: 9527: 9388: 9202: 8880:from the original on 17 January 2012 8733:"The Java Sea Battle, February 1942" 8541:from the original on 14 January 2010 8322:Cited by Christopher Barnard, 2003, 8254: 8194: 7926: 7798:"Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory" 7772: 7757: 7455:The Oxford Companion to World War II 7362:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 2, 3. 6471:) in the Indian and Pacific oceans. 5620:On 6 August 1945, the US dropped an 5015:, with the squadron attached to the 5013:Fuerza Aérea Expedicionaria Mexicana 4466:began an advance along the coast in 4277:Allied submarines in the Pacific War 4270: 3088:Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma 2607:, or in the case of the Communists, 2269:) joined the rest of the Allies and 2261:, then remained neutral through the 19243:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 18490:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 18105: 14334:Animated History of the Pacific War 13955:(University Press of Kansas, 2018). 13696:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13377: 13329: 13257:. London: Oxford University Press. 13252: 13120:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13041:. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. 12780: 12469:Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945 12266:Within a Presumption of Godlessness 11878: 11609: 11393: 11288:, canadianheroes.org, 13 May 2002, 11241:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead". 11061:The International Churchill Society 10678:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb 10631:from the original on 10 August 2015 9752: 8633:from the original on 20 August 2008 8206: 7691: 7631:"Chinese People Contribute to WWII" 7584:"Leyte Gulf: The Mexican Air Force" 7220:The Army Air Forces in World War II 7126: 5775:broadcast the rescript of surrender 5586:, Chiang, and Churchill issued the 5473:Australian First Tactical Air Force 5255:landed on the southeast coast near 5113:The Indian XV Corps (including two 4820: 4545:In May 1943, the Japanese prepared 4250: 3853:, coupled with the earlier loss of 3763:Allied forces became aware through 3739:On New Guinea, the Japanese on the 3254:Australia was attacked from the air 2739:Tensions between Japan and the West 2224:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army 2154:The major Allied participants were 2016: 1891:in the last few months of the war. 13: 17750:South Chahar Autonomous Government 17738:North Shanxi Autonomous Government 16434:German invasion of the Netherlands 14714:Weather events during World War II 13934:University of Michigan Press, 1982 13743:(University Press of Kansas, 2018) 13655: 12866:. University of California Press. 12692: 12638: 12485:The Johns Hopkins University Press 12045:] (in Russian). Moscow: Veche. 11549:from the original on 23 March 2010 11495:from the original on 11 March 2016 11487:Australia-Japan Research Project. 11211:from the original on 24 April 2019 11093: 11031: 10851:from the original on 7 August 2008 10676:See, for example, Alperowitz, G., 10046: 9515:Larry Kimmett and Margaret Regis, 8664:from the original on 25 March 2012 8054: 7878:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6703:, declared war on 9 December 1941. 5986:), 2 destroyers, and 3 corvettes. 4635:Mariana and Palau Islands campaign 4297:, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam, 4154:In June 1943, the Allies launched 3994: 3920: 3516:. In return the Americans damaged 3259:In early 1942 elements of the IJN 3060:were hit and the aircraft carrier 2299:sent naval support in the form of 2271:invaded the territory of Manchukuo 198:7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945 172:Japanese soldiers in China during 14: 19295: 17065:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 14309: 13948:. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972. 13909:. Random House Publishing Group. 13887:. Random House Publishing Group. 13854:. New York City: Berghahn Books. 12885:. University of California Press. 12883:Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power 12400:(2007). Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (ed.). 12092:Cleaver, Thomas McKelvey (2018). 11630:from the original on 3 March 2016 11333:, losses at Khalkin Gol were: 30 10845:"Chronology of Japanese Holdouts" 10652:Professor Duncan Anderson, 2005, 10059:from the original on 26 July 2011 9580:, pp. 359–360, 551–552, 816. 8915:from the original on 24 July 2011 8801:from the original on 26 July 2011 8774:from the original on 26 July 2011 8743:from the original on 26 July 2011 8561:"Australia Declares War on Japan" 7613:". Roy M. MacLeod (2000). p. 51. 7562:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead" 5900:1943–1945 Indian famine in Bengal 4855:, which included the battleships 4722: 4565:, New Guinea, then westward past 4436:Japanese offensive in India, 1944 4411:Japanese offensives in Asia, 1944 4391:officer had seized a copy of the 4080:, who commanded US forces in the 3683:. With the striking power of the 3261:proposed an invasion of Australia 3028:air attacks on northern Australia 2492:Southern Expeditionary Army Group 2033:. In the United States, the term 1986:Japan surrendered unconditionally 430: 395: 18943:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 18211: 18034: 18022: 18010: 17998: 17986: 17974: 17962: 17949: 17936: 17924: 17912: 17900: 17888: 17876: 17864: 17851: 17839: 17827: 17815: 17803: 17791: 17779: 17767: 17755: 17743: 17731: 17726:East Hebei Autonomous Government 17719: 17707: 17625: 14397: 13378:Sun, Youli (15 September 1996). 11999:. University of Michigan Press. 11955:Germany and the Second World War 11671: 11615: 11561: 11531: 11510: 11480: 11447: 11428: 11419: 11360: 11316: 11313:), 205 advisors killed in China. 11295: 11248: 11235: 11162: 11049: 10976: 10950: 10920: 10888: 10863: 10837: 10802: 10722: 10670: 10611: 10289: 10121: 10086: 10049:"201st Mexican Fighter Squadron" 10040: 9903: 9877: 9689: 9650: 9622: 9598:from the original on 11 May 2008 9583: 9558: 9545: 9487: 9445: 9345: 8963:. Home.st.net.au. Archived from 8953: 8927: 8901: 8892: 8825: 8786: 8645: 8619: 8571:from the original on 13 May 2008 8553: 8523: 8493: 8475: 8443: 7013: 6999: 6985: 6971: 6957: 6943: 6929: 6915: 6901: 6887: 6873: 6830: 6807: 6794: 6781: 6633:European theatre of World War II 6612: 6560: 5824: 5801:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 5748:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 5210:, an iconic photograph taken by 5011:fighter-squadron as part of the 4966:, a key location in the planned 4942:Philippines campaign (1944–1945) 4596:In February 1944, the US Navy's 3847:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 3783:, commander of the newly formed 3722:Second Australian Imperial Force 3148:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 3070:In Burma, the Japanese captured 2968:off Malaya on 10 December 1941. 2852:. Concurrently, Japanese forces 2533:In 1931, without declaring war, 2503:Conflict between China and Japan 1972:largest naval battles in history 1388:German Pacific possesions (1914) 638: 631: 624: 614: 604: 588: 578: 568: 559: 549: 539: 514: 502: 478: 466: 454: 414: 380: 367: 353: 271:Removal of Japanese troops from 118: 109: 98: 89: 78: 69: 39:Pacific theater (disambiguation) 18958:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 17786:Provisional Government of China 14322:Film Footage of the Pacific War 14196:Shaw, Henry, and Douglas Kane. 12504:A Military History of Australia 11957:. Vol. 6: The Global War. 10450:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10395:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10359:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10347:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10319:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10269:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10242:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10223:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 9517:U.S. Submarines in World War II 9341:. 21 February 1944. p. 45. 8483:"Declaration of War with Japan" 8456:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 8329: 8316: 8313:("Historical Dictionary"), 1980 8304: 8272: 8173: 8099: 8032: 8006: 7980: 7870: 7842: 7790: 7778: 7742: 7659: 7601: 7576: 7554: 7495: 7486: 7446: 7430: 7421: 7400: 7330: 7306: 7270: 7258: 7181: 7168: 7156: 7068: 7055: 7037: 7028: 6863: 6854: 6844: 6768: 6759: 6750: 5995:Mongolian casualties were 753. 5940: 5799:(Victory in Japan). The formal 5661: 5601: 5432: 5350:. Under the command of Admiral 5072: 5023:, surrendered on 9 March 1974. 4919:largest naval battle in history 4591:Gilberts and then the Marshalls 4170:, in which the Allies used the 2840:and the British territories of 2444:in the Pacific War: China, the 2420:navies operated submarines and 2323:-aligned states which assisted 2263:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 2136: 1965:strategy. The Allies adopted a 1363:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 789: 19213:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 18331:Imperial Rescript on Education 17312:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 15022:Territorial changes of Germany 14930:Indonesian National Revolution 14277:, Cambridge University Press. 14182:. University of Hawaii Press. 14080:. Naval Institute Press, 1955. 13642:United States War Department. 13401:The Allied Occupation of Japan 12847:. Kluwer Academic Publishing. 12230:. Charlotte: Information Age. 9913:. 3 March 2016. Archived from 9590:RD Designs (7 December 1941). 8961:"Midget Submarines history at" 8501:"Canada Declares War on Japan" 8451:"Prime Minister's Declaration" 6741: 6706: 5393: 5151:captured the supply centre of 4737:The Japanese aircraft carrier 4342:unrestricted submarine warfare 4285:in the Philippines (1941–42); 3865:and heavy submarine damage to 3801:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 3779:in the Solomons. Vice Admiral 3750: 3338:as part of the Doolittle Raid. 3244:beginning with the capture of 3129: 3056:. British Royal Navy bases in 2991:to assume control of ABDACOM. 2924:to the Japanese, February 1942 2315:Axis powers and aligned states 2279:Japanese protectorate of Korea 1949:and to a lesser extent by the 1904:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1: 18664:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 18570:Imperial General Headquarters 18161:Foreign commerce and shipping 17774:Shanghai Great Way Government 16712:Japanese invasion of Thailand 16663:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 16427:German invasion of Luxembourg 14808:Mediterranean and Middle East 14153:. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor 14116:. Dulles, Virginia: Penguin. 14069:(UP of Kansas, 2015) 198 pp. 13941:. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze. 13588:China at War: An Encyclopedia 13580:. New York: The Viking Press. 12918:Meyer, Milton Walter (1997). 12542:Hanson, Victor Davis (2004). 12171:. Singapore: Talisman Books. 12150:Japan at War: an Oral History 11976:. Charleston. pp. 27–40. 11824:The Pacific Historical Review 11784:Alexander, Joseph H. (1996). 11491:. Australian War Memorial f. 11403:. И. И. Ивлев. Archived from 9911:"Uncommon Valor: 1940 – 1945" 8876:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. 8590:Brecher & Wilkenfeld 1997 7988:"WW2 People's War – Timeline" 7089: 6575:has been described by writer 6474: 6280:Andaman & Nicobar Islands 5814: 5714:Invasion of the Kuril Islands 5294:burns after being hit by two 4745:When the Americans landed on 4689:United States Army Air Forces 4393:Japanese merchant marine code 4027:26th Indian Infantry Division 4022:14th Indian Infantry Division 3250:Darwin was hit by an air raid 3032:bombing of the city of Darwin 3022:, Australia, 19 February 1942 2973:Declaration by United Nations 2966:sunk by a Japanese air attack 2782:Imperial General Headquarters 2706:, one of which was headed by 2567:capturing the capital Nanjing 2337:Collaborationist Chinese Army 2194:; in addition to troops from 2029:, or was known simply as the 1653:Mediterranean and Middle East 18991:Hirohito surrender broadcast 18391:Greater East Asia Conference 18060:Greater East Asia Conference 17798:Reformed Government of China 16619:Invasion of the Soviet Union 16308:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 15626:Independent State of Croatia 14039:. US Naval Institute Press. 13772:The Pacific War Encyclopedia 13553:Y'Blood, William T. (1981). 13519:. Indiana University Press. 13205:. Harvard University Press. 13163:Russell, Richard A. (1997). 12992:. Pen & Sword Military. 12973:. Harvard University Press. 12809:. Cornell University Press. 12710:Hopkins, William B. (2010). 12584:(First ed.). Casemate. 12382:. Harvard University Press. 12327:University of Nebraska Press 12306:. New York: Pantheon Books. 12130:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). 12111:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002). 11883:. New York: Harper Collins. 11303:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 11118:Corfield & Corfield 2012 10619:"Statement by The President" 8107:"Map of the Pacific Theater" 7785:USSBS Summary Report, p. 67. 7094: 6714:invading and occupying China 6593: 6513:the Second Sino-Japanese War 5728: 5666:In February 1945 during the 5552:. This view is explained by 5262:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima 5207:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima 4813:to their carriers at night. 4729:Battle of the Philippine Sea 4460:Northern Combat Area Command 4397:Office of Naval Intelligence 4194:and landed Allied troops on 3626:abortive identical operation 3421: 2812:Japanese offensives, 1941–42 2586:first victory at Taierzhuang 2351:), and the collaborationist 2164:war against Japan since 1937 2158:, the United States and the 1634:Manchuria and Northern Korea 1236:Manchuria and Northern Korea 700:26,000,000+ (1937–1945) 679:84 destroyers & frigates 136:raising a flag over Iwo Jima 21:Pacific War (disambiguation) 7: 18376:Supreme Court of Judicature 17859:Republic of the Philippines 17603:End of World War II in Asia 17443:Western invasion of Germany 16950:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 16927:Second Battle of El Alamein 16497:Hundred Regiments Offensive 16469:Battle of the Mediterranean 16322:Italian invasion of Albania 14496:Air warfare of World War II 14352:Imperial Japanese Navy Page 14170:Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. 13973:Lundstrom, John B. (2005). 13800:Journal of Military History 13497:The Barrier and the Javelin 13422:. Boulder: Westview Press. 13253:Sen, Amartya Kumar (1999). 13095:Reynolds, Clark G. (1974). 12890:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). 12862:MacKinnon, Stephen (2008). 12670:Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (1995). 12655:. Oxford University Press. 11929:. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 11337:, 27 BT-7RTs,2 BT-7As, 127 10297:Journal of Military History 9684:The Pacific War: Day By Day 9212:. Australian War Memorial. 8243:Fairbank & Goldman 1994 7803:. Retrieved on 5 June 2009. 7505:. И.И.Ивлев. Archived from 7418:, including Canadian troops 7151:Coakley & Leighton 1989 6824:Nuremberg War Crimes Trials 6605: 6586:American soldiers commonly 6524:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal 6502: 5716:(18 August to 1 September) 5548:as a means of avoiding the 5427:offensive to retake Guangxi 5190: 5079:End of World War II in Asia 5061:and several islands in the 4766:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 4293:, Australia; Pearl Harbor; 4101:Chinese Expeditionary Force 3875:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 3691:New Guinea and the Solomons 3671:, along with the destroyer 3104:Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road 2435: 2123: 2104: 2084: 2061: 1999: 1034:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 991:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 736:2,500,000+ dead (1937–1945) 165:Indian soldiers during the 10: 19300: 19082:Second Philippine Republic 18860:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 17919:Occupied Dutch East Indies 17529:Naval bombardment of Japan 16897:First Battle of El Alamein 16816:Battle of Christmas Island 16761:Japanese invasion of Burma 16525:Italian invasion of Greece 16441:German invasion of Belgium 16413:German invasion of Denmark 16386:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 16255:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 14519:Comparative military ranks 14348:– at The War Times Journal 14035:Miller, Edward S. (2007). 13669:Bergerud, Eric M. (2000). 13659: 13613:Yahara, Hiromichi (1997). 13585:Xiaobing, Li, ed. (2012). 13460:. New York: Random House. 13201:Schoppa, R. Keith (2011). 12803:Lind, Jennifer M. (2010). 12766:. Helion and Company Ltd. 12744:The Making of Modern Japan 12563:Japanese Destroyer Captain 12188:The Pacific War: 1941–1945 11776: 11106:Crawford & Foster 2007 10872:The Pacific War: 1941-1945 7338:Japanese Destroyer Captain 6564: 6495: 6489: 6023:on US Marine positions in 5732: 5700:Invasion of South Sakhalin 5613: 5509: 5444: 5397: 5277: 5273: 5194: 5105:Burma campaign (1944–1945) 5102: 5076: 4939: 4824: 4770:combat-information centers 4726: 4632: 4498:captured on Kohima ridge. 4451: 4274: 4236: 4139: 4107:Allied offensives, 1943–44 3998: 3912:Chinese troops during the 3730:Royal Australian Air Force 3724:. In early September 1942 3694: 3604: 3425: 3145: 3138:Surrender of US forces at 3054:raid into the Indian Ocean 3047:Dutch East Indies campaign 2889: 2674:offensive in Central China 2539:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 2518: 2220:Corps Léger d'Intervention 1988:on 15 August 1945 and was 1922:, the British colonies of 1881:South West Pacific theater 1312:Military campaigns of the 1183:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 610:7,800,000–7,900,000 (1945) 314:Seizure and annexation of 266:Allied occupation of Japan 181:atomic bombing of Nagasaki 32: 25: 18: 19190: 19163: 19105: 19059: 19016: 19009: 18963:Japan during World War II 18923:Pacification of Manchukuo 18893: 18823: 18815:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 18810:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 18748: 18741: 18692: 18679:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 18632: 18558: 18551: 18498: 18416: 18409: 18401:Imperial Japanese Airways 18308: 18255: 18220: 18209: 18113: 18050: 17701: 17618: 17450:Bratislava–Brno offensive 17390: 17381:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 17118: 17005:Allied invasion of Sicily 16959: 16865:Aleutian Islands campaign 16837:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 16784: 16775:Greek famine of 1941–1944 16670:Second Battle of Changsha 16575:German invasion of Greece 16543: 16420:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 16395: 16333: 16228: 16109: 15835: 15745: 15593: 15296: 15287: 15045: 14870: 14762:North and Central Pacific 14723: 14485: 14478: 14405: 14218:: At Peleliu and Okinawa. 14016:McCarthy, Dudley (1959). 13344:10.1080/03068370500039151 13182:Sandler, Stanley (2001). 13125:Roscoe, Theodore (1958). 13114:Roscoe, Theodore (1949). 13026:Parillo, Mark P. (1993). 13011:. Clear Mind Publishing. 12954:10.1017/S0026749X06002198 12419:Gailey, Harry A. (2011). 12219:10.1080/09668137308410900 12096:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 12037:Cherevko, Kirill (2003). 12020:Stanford University Press 11489:"Dispositions and deaths" 11157:Blackburn & Hack 2007 10163:Japanese prisoners of war 10099:29 September 2019 at the 10081:Brooks & Stanley 2007 9741:Bond & Tachikawa 2004 9120:Parshall & Tully 2005 9108:Parshall & Tully 2005 8793:Womack, Tom (1999–2000). 8298:British Newspaper Archive 8281:"Japans desperate gamble" 7903:Murray & Millett 2001 7796:Bren, John (3 June 2005) 7564:. Beehive. 15 August 2005 5989: 5892:Chinese famine of 1942–43 5819: 5083:Aftermath of World War II 4934:General Douglas MacArthur 4117:landing at Rendova Island 4088:to link India and China. 4082:China Burma India Theater 4050:Commander-in-Chief, India 3942:Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign 3583: 3009:Commander-in-Chief, India 2920:British forces surrender 2757:Dutch government in exile 2654:Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang 2458:China Burma India Theater 2426: 2210:(as the possessor of the 2208:Dutch government-in-exile 2149: 2117: 2098: 2078: 2053: 2041:China Burma India theater 1473: 1353:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 1323: 799: 655: 529: 438: 335: 190: 179:Mushroom cloud after the 63: 55: 50: 18938:Second Sino-Japanese War 18885:Racial Equality Proposal 18465:Agriculture and Commerce 18029:Occupied Solomon Islands 18017:Occupied Gilbert Islands 17907:Kingdom of Luang Prabang 17042:Allied invasion of Italy 17019:Solomon Islands campaign 16768:Third Battle of Changsha 16365:First Battle of Changsha 16271:Second Sino-Japanese War 15211:German military brothels 15077:United States war crimes 14054:Morrison, Samuel, Elliot 14012:, Washington, D.C., 1990 13850:Harrison, Simon (2012). 13779:Goldman, Stuart (2012). 13246:The Asia-Pacific Journal 13226:The Asia-Pacific Journal 13134:Rummel, Rudolph (1991). 13078:Rauch, Jonathan (2002). 12843:MacLeod, Roy M. (1999). 12762:Jowett, Phillip (2005). 12477:Greenfield, Kent Roberts 12467:Garver, John W. (1988). 12344:Drea, Edward J. (2005). 12321:Drea, Edward J. (1998). 11879:Bix, Herbert P. (2000). 11329:24 February 2018 at the 10943:30 December 2010 at the 10936:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 10932:25 February 2011 at the 10680:(1995; New York, Knopf; 9401:Evans & Peattie 1997 9259:Evans & Peattie 1997 9096:Evans & Peattie 1997 8652:L., Klemen (1999–2000). 8426:Evans & Peattie 1997 8414:Evans & Peattie 1997 8360:Evans & Peattie 1997 7323:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7319:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7315:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7174:King, Ernest J. (1945). 6712:Although Japan had been 6688: 6036:the 10 March firebombing 5854: 5624:on the Japanese city of 5550:ground invasion of Japan 5251:command of Maj. General 5138:Japanese Burma Area Army 4213:campaign towards Japan. 4160:Invasion of Salamaua–Lae 3811:Battle of Cape Esperance 3701:Solomon Islands campaign 3619:In May, US intelligence 3344:Second Operational Phase 3309:Combined Chiefs of Staff 3291:Allies re-group, 1942–43 2702:Japan sponsored several 2622:. This stopped Japanese 2521:Second Sino-Japanese War 2488:China Expeditionary Army 2170:, entered the war after 1941:The Pacific War saw the 1885:Second Sino-Japanese War 1639:pre-war border conflicts 1422:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 1270:Second Sino-Japanese War 1110:Estevan Point Lighthouse 865:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 816:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 129:Clockwise from top left: 18855:Washington Naval Treaty 18800:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 18785:First Sino-Japanese War 18604:Nuclear weapons program 18346:Great Japan Youth Party 18273:National seals of Japan 17956:Occupied British Borneo 17464:Second Guangxi campaign 17319:Philippines (1944–1945) 16823:Battle of the Coral Sea 16726:Fall of the Philippines 16372:Battle of South Guangxi 16278:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 15684:Italian Social Republic 14358:"Japan's War in Colour" 14327:6 November 2011 at the 14263:, W.W. Norton, (2020). 14247:, W.W. Norton, (2015). 14220:Presidio, 1981. Memoir. 13747:Degan, Patrick (2003). 13721:Cutler, Thomas (1994). 13534:Willmott, H.P. (2002). 13515:Willmott, H.P. (2005). 13494:Willmott, H.P. (1983). 13475:Willmott, H.P. (2014). 12921:Asia: A Concise History 12881:Marr, David G. (1995). 12599:Harmsen, Peter (2015). 12580:Harmsen, Peter (2013). 12561:Hara, Tameichi (2011). 12249:. Bloomsbury Academic. 12186:Costello, John (1982). 12152:. New York: New Press. 11925:Blair, Clay Jr (1975). 11860:Barber, Andrew (2010). 11622:Chapel, Joseph (2004). 11311:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10927:NavSource Naval History 10870:Costello, John (2009). 9319:Croddy & Wirtz 2005 8762:Klemen, L (1999–2000). 8731:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 8683:Klemen, L (1999–2000). 8018:Encyclopædia Britannica 7855:, University of Hawaii. 7327:Retrieved 26 July 2015. 7279:Retrieved 10 March 2016 7267:Retrieved 10 March 2016 6981:Up to 20,000 casualties 6822:, faced charges at the 6168:China (incl. Hong Kong) 6010: 5809:Treaty of San Francisco 5453:South West Pacific Area 5404:Second Guangxi Campaign 4946:On 20 October 1944 the 4598:fast carrier task force 4472:Battle of the Admin Box 4395:, not knowing that the 4263:and concluded with the 4056:appointed Admiral Lord 4046:South East Asia Command 3428:Battle of the Coral Sea 3242:Territory of New Guinea 3142:, Philippines, May 1942 2628:invade French Indochina 2588:, but then the city of 2535:Japan invaded Manchuria 2347:(consisting of most of 2333:Manchukuo Imperial Army 2172:being attacked by Japan 2168:Philippine Commonwealth 2011:Philippine Commonwealth 1847:, sometimes called the 1417:French Indochina (1940) 872:Japanese merchant raids 733:43,125-50,000+ aircraft 145:prepare for takeoff to 16:Theater of World War II 18903:Shōwa financial crisis 18695:Imperial Japanese Navy 18635:Imperial Japanese Army 18366:Peace Preservation Law 17049:Armistice of Cassibile 16851:Battle of Dutch Harbor 16802:Battle of the Java Sea 16705:Attack on Pearl Harbor 16605:Syria–Lebanon campaign 16598:Battle of South Shanxi 16568:Invasion of Yugoslavia 16351:Battle of the Atlantic 15965:Korean Liberation Army 15678:(until September 1943) 15635:(until September 1944) 15613:(until September 1944) 14346:The Pacific War Series 14085:Triumph in the Pacific 13951:Judge, Sean M. et al. 13946:The Years of MacArthur 13701:Buell, Thomas (1974). 13692:Buell, Thomas (1976). 13616:The Battle For Okinawa 13399:Takemae, Eiji (2003). 13384:. Palgrave MacMillan. 13294:Skates, James (1994). 12988:Nesbit, Roy C (2009). 12909:McLynn, Frank (2010). 12618:Hastings, Max (2008). 12521:Gruhl, Werner (2007). 12502:Grey, Jeffrey (1999). 12245:Croddy; Wirtz (2005). 11805:Burma: The longest War 11282:"The Battle for Kiska" 7891:Papers on World War II 7849:Statistics of democide 6550: 6487: 6266:Malaya & Singapore 6043: 6027: 6005:1945 Vietnamese Famine 5950: 5930:gross domestic product 5838: 5793:end of the Pacific War 5789: 5758: 5611: 5533: 5447:Borneo campaign (1945) 5442: 5307: 5299: 5270:casualties sustained. 5219: 5180:attempted to break out 5100: 5003: 4937: 4936:wading ashore at Leyte 4925:Philippines, 1944–1945 4836: 4768:. All US carriers had 4742: 4630: 4519:invaded northern Burma 4449: 4448:tanks on the Ledo Road 4371: 4325: 4234: 4120: 4001:Burma campaign 1942–43 3991: 3917: 3760: 3602: 3444: 3339: 3331:bomber takes off from 3285:raid on Sydney Harbour 3230: 3214: 3179:Jonathan M. Wainwright 3143: 3039:Battle of the Java Sea 3023: 2925: 2892:Attack on Pearl Harbor 2887: 2884:attack on Pearl Harbor 2868:Attack on Pearl Harbor 2685:Nationalist Government 2658:1st Battle of Changsha 2649: 2624:expansion to the north 2581: 2530: 2516: 2480:Imperial Japanese Army 2476:Imperial Japanese Navy 2469:Southwest Pacific Area 2293:201st Fighter Squadron 2228:Korean Liberation Army 2146: 2133:of 1931 through 1945. 2013: 1171:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1015:Burma and India (1944) 838:Gilberts and Marshalls 648:: c. 1,000,000+ (1945) 439:Commanders and leaders 158:after being struck by 37:. For other uses, see 18845:Siberian Intervention 18654:Railways and Shipping 18470:Commerce and Industry 18166:Industrial production 17931:Occupied West Sumatra 17213:Second Battle of Guam 17109:Bengal famine of 1943 17079:Second Battle of Kiev 17035:Battle of the Dnieper 16740:Battle of Wake Island 16612:East African campaign 16554:Battle of South Henan 16199:atrocities by Germans 15972:Korean Volunteer Army 14953:Occupation of Germany 14707:Music in World War II 14318:, 4000 short articles 14293:. Osprey Publishing. 14273:Weinberg, Gerhard L. 14231:W.W. Norton, (2011). 14135:. New York: Penguin. 14131:Prados, John (2016). 14112:Prados, John (2012). 13960:The War Against Japan 13903:Hornfischer, James D. 13881:Hornfischer, James D. 13812:10.1353/jmh.2006.0052 13576:Wilson, Dick (1982). 13456:Toland, John (2003). 13437:Tanaka, Yuki (2003). 13418:Tanaka, Yuki (1996). 13363:. Osprey Publishing. 13359:Stille, Mark (2014). 13220:Selden, Mark (2007). 13146:10.4324/9781315081328 13007:Olsen, Lance (2012). 12672:日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって 12169:The Fall of Singapore 11908:10.4324/9780203934746 11851:Banham, Tony (2005). 11803:Allen, Louis (1984). 11307:Battle of Lake Khasan 11255:Canadian War Museum. 9564:Chihaya Masataka, in 9505:on 15 September 2002. 8489:on 26 September 2011. 8180:Mitter, Rana (2013). 8084:, pp. 1067–1068. 7990:. BBC. Archived from 7669:. Anu. Archived from 7046:Bengal famine of 1943 6668:Pacific War campaigns 6548: 6496:Further information: 6482: 6033: 6019:IJA soldiers after a 6018: 5948: 5832: 5779: 5770:Powers", the Emperor 5742: 5643:has long been debated 5609: 5527: 5440: 5341:waist of the island. 5331:British Pacific Fleet 5305: 5287: 5233:Tadamichi Kuribayashi 5204: 5095: 5067:Thirteenth Air Forces 5001: 4932: 4877:San Bernardino Strait 4834: 4736: 4628: 4443: 4362: 4311: 4224: 4180:Battle of Munda Point 4164:Salamaua–Lae campaign 4150:Bougainville campaign 4114: 3981: 3935:a victory at Changsha 3911: 3859:to the IJN submarine 3789:Battle of Savo Island 3758: 3728:attacked a strategic 3639:At 10:22am, American 3591: 3436:The aircraft carrier 3435: 3326: 3297:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3216: 3209:Dutch and Australian 3208: 3196:Mediterranean Theatre 3137: 3096:Battle of Yenangyaung 3017: 2919: 2875: 2776:Japanese preparations 2662:Battle of Kunlun Pass 2644: 2579: 2528: 2510: 2498:Historical background 2144: 2048:Greater East Asia War 2007: 1877:Pacific Ocean theater 1564:Yugoslavian Partisans 1081:Philippines (1944–45) 1039:Philippines (1941–42) 656:Casualties and losses 473:Franklin D. Roosevelt 19258:Political dissidence 19107:Occupied territories 18850:General Election Law 18674:Taiwan Army of Japan 17895:Kingdom of Kampuchea 17499:Surrender of Germany 16977:Battle of West Hubei 16934:Guadalcanal campaign 16904:Battle of Stalingrad 16830:Battle of Madagascar 15604:Albania protectorate 15391:(formerly Swaziland) 15100:Wehrmacht war crimes 14916:Expulsion of Germans 14700:Art and World War II 14598:British contribution 14547:Governments in exile 14339:24 June 2019 at the 14289:Yenne, Bill (2014). 13868:Hayashi, Saburo and 13766:Dunnigan, James F.; 12990:The Battle for Burma 12942:Modern Asian Studies 12824:Long, Gavin (1963). 12693:Ho, Ping-ti (1959). 12379:China: A New History 12302:Dower, John (1993). 12264:Dauria, Tom (2014). 11440:19 June 2010 at the 11057:"The Bengali Famine" 10688:) for this argument. 10508:Hsu & Chang 1971 10306:4 March 2016 at the 10128:Hsu & Chang 1971 9731:, pp. 289, 299. 8832:Hsu & Chang 1971 8567:. 15 December 1941. 8537:. 15 December 1941. 8507:. 15 December 1941. 7253:Cook & Cook 1993 6573:firebombing of Tokyo 6392:Bismarck Archipelago 5693:invasion of Hokkaido 5580:Operation Starvation 5400:Battle of West Hunan 5358:, the light cruiser 5229:P-51 fighter escorts 4974:. On 9 January 1945 4827:Battle of Leyte Gulf 4563:Bismarck Archipelago 4430:Battle of West Hunan 4192:the Treasury Islands 4176:Drive on Munda Point 4168:New Georgia campaign 4039:Orde Charles Wingate 3967:On 2 November 1943, 3894:evacuated the island 3841:and heavily damaged 3599:B-17 Flying Fortress 3493:, and the destroyer 3476:, with the carriers 3415:one carrier division 3277:Enemy naval activity 3238:battle for Australia 3102:. Meanwhile, in the 2899:signals intelligence 2647:bombing of Chongqing 2073:Japan–China Incident 2046:Japan used the name 1976:air raids over Japan 882:Homfreyganj massacre 718:25 aircraft carriers 673:11 aircraft carriers 434:for further details. 399:for further details. 19077:Wang Jingwei regime 18987:Potsdam Declaration 18978:Soviet–Japanese War 18933:Anti-Comintern Pact 18928:January 28 incident 18913:London Naval Treaty 18790:Triple Intervention 18619:Supreme War Council 18503:deliberative bodies 18041:Occupied New Guinea 17822:Kingdom of Thailand 17589:Potsdam Declaration 17478:Italy (Spring 1945) 17241:Liberation of Paris 16698:Siege of Sevastopol 15716:(until August 1944) 15619:Wang Jingwei regime 15441:from September 1943 15401:from September 1944 15339:from September 1944 15199:Romanian war crimes 15190:Persecution of Jews 15176:Croatian war crimes 15146:Japanese war crimes 14960:Occupation of Japan 14909:First Indochina War 14621:Military production 14533:Declarations of war 14178:Seki, Eiji (2007). 14004:28 May 2015 at the 13958:Kirby, S. Woodburn 13944:James, D. Clayton. 13403:. Continuum Press. 13277:Defeat into Victory 12827:The Final Campaigns 11807:. Dent Publishing. 11770:, pp. 580–581. 11758:, pp. 576–577. 11746:, pp. 110–111. 11528:, p. =297–299. 11465:, pp. 19, 143. 11232:, pp. 633–634. 11207:. 1 December 2010. 10799:, pp. 477–512. 10787:, pp. 120–121. 10763:, pp. 312–336. 10738:. 10 October 2012. 10659:18 May 2008 at the 10543:, pp. 184–186. 10527:4 July 2015 at the 10510:, pp. 452–457. 10337:, pp. 227–228. 10142:, pp. 468–469. 10106:(17 February 2011). 10092:Powers, D. (2011): 9970:, pp. 188–189. 9885:"Battle of Peleliu" 9719:, pp. 157–167. 9664:on 17 November 2015 9658:"Operation Ichi-Go" 9566:Pearl Harbor Papers 9499:dutchsubmarines.com 9484:, pp. 991–992. 9456:Pearl Harbor Papers 9379:, pp. 112–116. 8911:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au. 8721:, pp. 170–172. 8616:, pp. 168–169. 8565:Inter-Allied Review 8535:Inter-Allied Review 8505:Inter-Allied Review 8459:. 8 December 1941. 8184:. Houghton Mifflin. 7709:, pp. 143–144. 7441:New Guinea Campaign 7416:Battle of Hong Kong 6718:attack Pearl Harbor 6492:Japanese war crimes 6252:Burma (incl. India) 6052: 5757:, 2 September 1945. 5685:Soviet–Japanese War 5635:another atomic bomb 5588:Potsdam Declaration 5578:LeMay also oversaw 5554:Victor Davis Hanson 5044:Filipino guerrillas 4759:Raymond A. Spruance 4621:Marianas and Palaus 4602:Operation Hailstone 4454:Burma Campaign 1944 4188:New Georgia Islands 4172:Landings on Rendova 4156:Operation Cartwheel 4146:Operation Cartwheel 4142:New Guinea campaign 4095:invasion headed to 4016:intended to secure 4014:offensive in Arakan 3697:New Guinea campaign 3372:Naval General Staff 3190:Threat to Australia 3030:, beginning with a 2761:stopped selling oil 2590:Xuzhou was taken by 2553:in order to form a 2465:Pacific Ocean Areas 2353:Wang Jingwei regime 2216:Pacific War Council 2092:Occupation of Japan 1974:and massive Allied 1889:Soviet–Japanese War 1393:Siberia (1918–1922) 308:, organized as the 147:attack Pearl Harbor 35:Pacific Ocean Areas 18805:Russo-Japanese War 18775:Two Lords Incident 18430:Imperial Household 17981:Occupied Singapore 17969:Occupied Hong Kong 17582:Surrender of Japan 17415:Battle of Iwo Jima 17264:Belgrade offensive 16677:Siege of Leningrad 16561:Battle of Shanggao 16490:British Somaliland 16455:Dunkirk evacuation 16406:Norwegian campaign 16344:Invasion of Poland 16171:Japanese prisoners 15139:Italian war crimes 15070:British war crimes 14985:Soviet occupations 14769:South-West Pacific 14656:Allied cooperation 14614:Military equipment 14216:With the Old Breed 14065:Myers, Michael W. 13979:US Naval Institute 13965:Leary, William M. 13927:M. E. Sharpe, 1992 12190:. Harper Collins. 11756:Dennis et al. 2008 11435:Allied War Losses. 11063:. 18 November 2008 10170:. pp. 47–48. 9887:. 21 August 2018. 9592:"Sinkings By Boat" 9551:Farago, Ladislas. 9367:, pp. 97–101. 8288:. 18 November 1940 8069:Amerasia, Volume 7 7941:, p. 129–148. 7673:on 19 October 2017 7065:) killed/missing. 6869:Allied casualties 6579:as a war crime. A 6551: 6532:biological weapons 6488: 6445:auxiliary cruisers 6050: 6044: 6028: 5951: 5839: 5811:came into force). 5759: 5735:Surrender of Japan 5651:incendiary bombing 5612: 5592:Potsdam Conference 5534: 5520:Air raids on Japan 5516:Operation Downfall 5457:Australian I Corps 5443: 5308: 5300: 5241:V Amphibious Corps 5220: 5197:Battle of Iwo Jima 5101: 5017:58th Fighter Group 5004: 4956:US Fifth Air Force 4938: 4871:and another under 4837: 4774:combat air patrols 4743: 4685:attacked the bases 4631: 4587:Western New Guinea 4474:when the isolated 4450: 4444:Chinese forces on 4372: 4326: 4235: 4121: 4091:In 1943, the Thai 4012:One attack was an 3992: 3946:biological warfare 3918: 3761: 3603: 3445: 3382:Concurrently, the 3340: 3299:, his key advisor 3272:Franklin Roosevelt 3256:almost 100 times. 3215: 3184:Bataan Death March 3169:and the Island of 3144: 3024: 2926: 2888: 2750:Sankichi Takahashi 2704:puppet governments 2650: 2582: 2547:Chinese Communists 2531: 2517: 2454:South West Pacific 2232:Free Thai Movement 2147: 2112:Fifteen Years' War 2014: 1766:French West Africa 1607:South West Pacific 1515:Denmark and Norway 1229:Japanese surrender 1195:Naval bombardments 1125:Fire balloon bombs 848:Volcano and Ryukyu 843:Marianas and Palau 294:, followed by the 28:War of the Pacific 19266: 19265: 19238:Socialist thought 19186: 19185: 19125:Dutch East Indies 19087:Empire of Vietnam 19005: 19004: 18780:Satsuma Rebellion 18760:Meiji Restoration 18737: 18736: 18547: 18546: 18485:Greater East Asia 18371:Political parties 18326:Foreign relations 18073: 18072: 17883:Empire of Vietnam 17656: 17655: 17614: 17613: 17457:Battle of Okinawa 17356:Burma (1944–1945) 17190:Mariana and Palau 16970:Tunisian campaign 16795:Fall of Singapore 16719:Fall of Hong Kong 16462:Battle of Britain 16315:Operation Himmler 16224: 16223: 15888:Dutch East Indies 15531:Southern Rhodesia 15283: 15282: 15183:Genocide of Serbs 15086:German war crimes 15063:Soviet war crimes 15056:Allied war crimes 14902:Division of Korea 14881:Chinese Civil War 14679:Strategic bombing 14591:Manhattan Project 14300:978-1-78200-982-5 14189:978-1-905246-28-1 14158:Miracle at Midway 14142:978-0-698-18576-0 14123:978-1-101-60195-2 14046:978-1-59114-500-4 13930:Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. 13916:978-0-345-54872-6 13894:978-0-553-38512-0 13861:978-0-85745-499-7 13790:978-1-61251-098-9 13626:978-0-471-18080-7 13598:978-1-59884-415-3 13578:When Tigers Fight 13486:978-1-612-51728-5 13448:978-1-134-65012-5 13429:978-0-8133-2717-4 13370:978-1-47280-146-3 13326:Free Press, 1985. 13305:978-0-87249-972-0 13212:978-0-674-05988-7 13155:978-1-315-08132-8 13106:978-0-688-00267-1 13070:978-1-59114-664-3 13018:978-0-9838435-7-3 12999:978-1-84415-955-0 12873:978-0-520-25445-9 12816:978-0-8014-7628-0 12795:978-0-415-58264-3 12739:Jansen, Marius B. 12721:978-0-76033-975-6 12685:978-4-00-003317-6 12662:978-0-19061-675-5 12631:978-0-307-26351-3 12610:978-1-61200-284-2 12591:978-1-61200-167-8 12572:978-1-59114-384-0 12494:978-0-89874-557-3 12430:978-0-307-80204-0 12411:978-0-8047-5427-9 12398:Frank, Richard B. 12294:978-0-19-551784-2 12275:978-1-4808-0420-3 12256:978-1-85109-490-5 12237:978-1-60752-659-9 12197:978-0-688-01620-3 12178:978-981-07-0984-6 12159:978-1-56584-039-3 12103:978-1-472-82546-9 12084:978-1-56324-246-5 12061:978-1-4020-2097-1 12029:978-0-8047-5399-9 12006:978-0-472-10806-0 11997:A Study of Crisis 11964:978-0-19-159035-1 11945:978-0-7146-8555-7 11917:978-0-203-93474-6 11890:978-0-06-093130-8 11871:978-983-43372-3-0 11795:978-0-7881-3528-6 11378:, pp. 30–31. 11205:naval-history.net 10881:978-0-688-01620-3 10809:Patrick Clancey. 9530:, pp. 27–40. 9122:, pp. 19–38. 9065:, pp. 32–34. 9034:, pp. 31–32. 8113:on 9 January 2009 8020:(Online ed.) 7887:M. R. Seni Pramoj 7532:|archiveurl= 7464:978-0-19-280670-3 7313:www.navsource.org 7243:, Ch. 7, Table 7. 7076:Battle of Okinawa 6881:Republic of China 6776:Neutrality Patrol 6648:Japanese holdouts 6433: 6432: 5915:Three Alls Policy 5746:signs the formal 5744:Douglas MacArthur 5720:Battle of Shumshu 5679:(Kwantung Army). 5354:, the battleship 5280:Battle of Okinawa 5169:Operation Dracula 5099:landing at Ramree 4988:battle for Manila 4649:Northern Marianas 4643:Battle of Peleliu 4610:Western Carolines 4422:Operation Ichi-Go 4271:Submarine warfare 4265:Cairo Declaration 4184:airfield at Munda 4066:Claude Auchinleck 4058:Louis Mountbatten 4054:Winston Churchill 3973:Battle of Changde 3914:Battle of Changde 3882:Allied air forces 3460:Tulagi was seized 3281:midget submarines 3234:Fall of Singapore 3163:Douglas MacArthur 3020:Bombing of Darwin 2826:Asia/West Pacific 2719:strategic bombing 2678:Three Alls Policy 2670:counter-offensive 2543:Nationalist Party 2442:areas of conflict 2380:Dutch East Indies 2212:Dutch East Indies 2031:War against Japan 1978:, as well as the 1900:Republic of China 1838: 1837: 1759:Strategic bombing 1675:Mediterranean Sea 1430: 1429: 1358:China (1899–1901) 1278: 1277: 1120:Lookout Air Raids 1027:Southwest Pacific 758: 757: 555:3,621,383+ (1945) 485:Winston Churchill 361:Republic of China 331: 330: 296:division of Korea 174:Operation Ichi-Go 19291: 19228:Shinmin no Michi 19218:Internment camps 19130:French Indochina 19014: 19013: 18865:Taishō Democracy 18746: 18745: 18669:Japanese holdout 18556: 18555: 18480:Colonial Affairs 18414: 18413: 18341:Yokusan Sonendan 18247: 18239: 18231: 18215: 18214: 18141:Economic history 18100: 18093: 18086: 18077: 18076: 18039: 18038: 18037: 18027: 18026: 18025: 18015: 18014: 18013: 18003: 18002: 18001: 17991: 17990: 17989: 17979: 17978: 17977: 17967: 17966: 17965: 17954: 17953: 17952: 17941: 17940: 17939: 17929: 17928: 17927: 17917: 17916: 17915: 17905: 17904: 17903: 17893: 17892: 17891: 17881: 17880: 17879: 17871:French Indochina 17869: 17868: 17867: 17857: 17855: 17854: 17844: 17843: 17842: 17832: 17831: 17830: 17820: 17819: 17818: 17808: 17807: 17806: 17796: 17795: 17794: 17784: 17783: 17782: 17772: 17771: 17770: 17760: 17759: 17758: 17748: 17747: 17746: 17736: 17735: 17734: 17724: 17723: 17722: 17712: 17711: 17710: 17683: 17676: 17669: 17660: 17659: 17649: 17642: 17635: 17632:World portal 17630: 17629: 17605: 17598: 17591: 17584: 17575: 17568: 17561: 17552: 17545: 17538: 17531: 17524: 17517: 17508: 17501: 17494: 17492:Prague offensive 17487: 17485:Battle of Berlin 17480: 17473: 17466: 17459: 17452: 17445: 17438: 17431: 17429:Vienna offensive 17424: 17417: 17410: 17408:Battle of Manila 17403: 17383: 17374: 17365: 17358: 17349: 17342: 17335: 17328: 17321: 17314: 17307: 17298: 17289: 17282: 17273: 17266: 17259: 17252: 17243: 17236: 17229: 17222: 17215: 17208: 17201: 17192: 17185: 17176: 17167: 17158: 17151: 17149:Korsun–Cherkassy 17144: 17133: 17111: 17102: 17095: 17088: 17081: 17074: 17067: 17060: 17051: 17044: 17037: 17030: 17021: 17014: 17007: 17000: 16993: 16991:Bombing of Gorky 16986: 16979: 16972: 16952: 16945: 16936: 16929: 16922: 16913: 16906: 16899: 16892: 16881: 16874: 16867: 16860: 16858:Battle of Midway 16853: 16846: 16844:Battle of Gazala 16839: 16832: 16825: 16818: 16811: 16804: 16797: 16777: 16770: 16763: 16756: 16754:Battle of Borneo 16749: 16747:Malayan campaign 16742: 16735: 16728: 16721: 16714: 16707: 16700: 16693: 16691:Bombing of Gorky 16686: 16684:Battle of Moscow 16679: 16672: 16665: 16658: 16651: 16644: 16628: 16621: 16614: 16607: 16600: 16593: 16584: 16577: 16570: 16563: 16556: 16536: 16527: 16520: 16513: 16506: 16499: 16492: 16485: 16478: 16471: 16464: 16457: 16450: 16448:Battle of France 16443: 16436: 16429: 16422: 16415: 16408: 16388: 16381: 16374: 16367: 16360: 16353: 16346: 16324: 16317: 16310: 16303: 16301:Munich Agreement 16296: 16289: 16280: 16273: 16266: 16257: 16250: 16235: 16234: 16217: 16210: 16201: 16194: 16187: 16186:Soviet prisoners 16180: 16173: 16166: 16157: 16150: 16141: 16134: 16127: 16126:German prisoners 16122: 16102: 16093: 16086: 16079: 16074: 16067: 16060: 16053: 16046: 16039: 16032: 16025: 16018: 16011: 16004: 15997: 15990: 15983: 15974: 15967: 15960: 15953: 15946: 15939: 15932: 15925: 15918: 15911: 15904: 15897: 15890: 15883: 15876: 15869: 15862: 15855: 15848: 15828: 15821: 15814: 15807: 15800: 15793: 15786: 15779: 15772: 15765: 15758: 15738: 15731: 15724: 15717: 15709: 15702: 15695: 15686: 15679: 15671: 15664: 15662:French Indochina 15657: 15650: 15643: 15636: 15628: 15621: 15614: 15606: 15586: 15577: 15570: 15561: 15554: 15547: 15540: 15533: 15526: 15519: 15512: 15509:from August 1944 15500: 15493: 15486: 15479: 15472: 15465: 15458: 15451: 15444: 15432: 15425: 15418: 15411: 15404: 15392: 15384: 15377: 15370: 15363: 15356: 15349: 15342: 15330: 15323: 15316: 15309: 15294: 15293: 15274: 15267: 15260: 15253: 15246: 15235: 15220: 15213: 15206: 15201: 15192: 15185: 15178: 15169: 15162: 15155: 15153:Nanjing Massacre 15148: 15141: 15132: 15130:Nuremberg trials 15123: 15116: 15109: 15102: 15095: 15088: 15079: 15072: 15065: 15058: 15038: 15031: 15024: 15015: 15008: 15001: 14994: 14987: 14980: 14971: 14962: 14955: 14948: 14941: 14932: 14925: 14918: 14911: 14904: 14897: 14890: 14883: 14863: 14854: 14847: 14840: 14831: 14824: 14817: 14810: 14801: 14794: 14787: 14778: 14771: 14764: 14757: 14750: 14743: 14736: 14734:Asia and Pacific 14716: 14709: 14702: 14695: 14688: 14681: 14674: 14665: 14663:Mulberry harbour 14658: 14651: 14644: 14637: 14630: 14623: 14616: 14609: 14600: 14593: 14586: 14577: 14570: 14563: 14556: 14549: 14542: 14535: 14528: 14521: 14514: 14505: 14498: 14483: 14482: 14471: 14464: 14455: 14448: 14441: 14434: 14427: 14420: 14413: 14392: 14385: 14378: 14369: 14368: 14359: 14304: 14193: 14160:. Penguin, 1982. 14151:At Dawn We Slept 14146: 14127: 14050: 14031: 13992: 13920: 13898: 13865: 13846: 13823: 13794: 13775: 13774:. Facts on File. 13762: 13736: 13706: 13697: 13688: 13676: 13630: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13581: 13572: 13560: 13549: 13530: 13511: 13490: 13471: 13452: 13433: 13414: 13395: 13391:978-0-31216454-6 13374: 13355: 13309: 13290: 13268: 13264:978-0-19564954-3 13249: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13216: 13197: 13178: 13159: 13130: 13121: 13110: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13074: 13052: 13031: 13022: 13003: 12984: 12980:978-0-67404130-1 12965: 12948:(4): 1053–1096. 12935: 12931:978-0-84768063-4 12914: 12905: 12886: 12877: 12858: 12854:978-0-79235851-0 12839: 12820: 12799: 12777: 12758: 12734: 12725: 12714:. Zenith Press. 12706: 12689: 12666: 12647: 12635: 12614: 12595: 12576: 12557: 12553:978-0-38572194-3 12538: 12534:978-0-76580352-8 12517: 12498: 12472: 12463: 12440:Military Affairs 12434: 12415: 12393: 12372: 12353:Evans, David C; 12349: 12340: 12317: 12298: 12279: 12260: 12241: 12222: 12201: 12182: 12163: 12144: 12135: 12126: 12107: 12088: 12065: 12046: 12033: 12010: 11991: 11985: 11977: 11968: 11949: 11930: 11921: 11894: 11875: 11856: 11847: 11818: 11799: 11771: 11765: 11759: 11753: 11747: 11741: 11735: 11734:, p. 64-66. 11729: 11723: 11717: 11711: 11705: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11694: 11685:. Archived from 11683:history.navy.mil 11675: 11669: 11663: 11657: 11656: 11655:. November 1948. 11646: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11635: 11619: 11613: 11607: 11601: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11565: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11554: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11500: 11484: 11478: 11472: 11466: 11460: 11454: 11451: 11445: 11432: 11426: 11423: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11412: 11397: 11391: 11385: 11379: 11373: 11367: 11364: 11358: 11341:, 30 BT-5RTs, 8 11320: 11314: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11267: 11252: 11246: 11239: 11233: 11227: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11216: 11197: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11127: 11121: 11115: 11109: 11103: 11097: 11091: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11072: 11070: 11068: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11023: 11020: 11011: 11005: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10991: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10969: 10964:. 15 August 2005 10954: 10948: 10924: 10918: 10917: 10905: 10899: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10856: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10806: 10800: 10794: 10788: 10782: 10776: 10770: 10764: 10758: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10726: 10720: 10710: 10701: 10695: 10689: 10674: 10668: 10650: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10636: 10615: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10550: 10544: 10538: 10532: 10517: 10511: 10505: 10496: 10490: 10481: 10471: 10465: 10459: 10453: 10443: 10434: 10428: 10422: 10416: 10410: 10404: 10398: 10392: 10386: 10380: 10374: 10368: 10362: 10356: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10328: 10322: 10316: 10310: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10272: 10266: 10260: 10254: 10245: 10239: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10204: 10198: 10192: 10183: 10181: 10154: 10143: 10137: 10131: 10125: 10119: 10113: 10107: 10090: 10084: 10078: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10023: 10013: 10007: 10001: 9990: 9984: 9971: 9961: 9955: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9863: 9853: 9847: 9837: 9831: 9825: 9819: 9813: 9804: 9798: 9783: 9777: 9768: 9762: 9756: 9750: 9744: 9738: 9732: 9726: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9696: 9693: 9687: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9660:. Archived from 9654: 9648: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9594:. Pigboats.com. 9587: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9562: 9556: 9549: 9543: 9537: 9531: 9525: 9519: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9501:. Archived from 9491: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9458: 9449: 9443: 9437: 9431: 9425: 9416: 9410: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9356: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9331: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9304: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9206: 9200: 9194: 9183: 9177: 9166: 9160: 9151: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9081: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9048: 9035: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9008: 9002: 8996: 8990: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8967:on 13 April 2010 8957: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8905: 8899: 8896: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8638: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8557: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8516: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8447: 8441: 8435: 8429: 8423: 8417: 8411: 8402: 8399:Boog et al. 2001 8396: 8390: 8384: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8320: 8314: 8311:Kokushi Daijiten 8308: 8302: 8301: 8295: 8293: 8286:Aberdeen Journal 8283: 8276: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8246: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8177: 8171: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8109:. Archived from 8103: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8071:. Amerasia, inc. 8061: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7994:on 19 March 2011 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7827:, p. 1057n. 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7725: 7719: 7710: 7704: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7627: 7621: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7580: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7528: 7526: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7499: 7493: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7469: 7468: 7450: 7444: 7434: 7428: 7425: 7419: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7385: 7374: 7373: 7352: 7341: 7334: 7328: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7124: 7115: 7109: 7083: 7080:Battle of Saipan 7078:, 22,000 in the 7072: 7066: 7059: 7053: 7041: 7035: 7032: 7026: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6995:1,000 casualties 6991: 6989: 6988: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6921: 6919: 6918: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6867: 6861: 6858: 6852: 6848: 6837: 6834: 6828: 6811: 6805: 6798: 6792: 6785: 6779: 6772: 6766: 6763: 6757: 6754: 6748: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6730: 6729:Until April 1945 6727: 6721: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6538:Burma–Thailand " 6509:prisoners of war 6224:French Indochina 6112:Formosa (Taiwan) 6053: 6049: 5871:20 million. 5787: 5668:Yalta Conference 5656:Richard B. Frank 5459:, under General 5323:Mitsuru Ushijima 5063:Sulu Archipelago 4821:Leyte Gulf, 1944 4714:The invasion of 4639:Battle of Saipan 4515:Battle of Imphal 4385:Mark VI exploder 4303:troop transports 4261:Cairo Conference 4251:Cairo Conference 4231:Cairo Conference 4186:and the rest of 4126:commerce defense 4115:American forces 4062:Viceroy of India 4037:under Brigadier 4007:famine in Bengal 3916:in November 1943 3890:Ironbottom Sound 3726:Japanese marines 3607:Battle of Midway 3597:under attack by 3228: 3167:Bataan Peninsula 3155:US Asiatic Fleet 2977:Archibald Wavell 2930:Malayan Campaign 2903:war of attrition 2822:surprise attacks 2571:Nanjing Massacre 2555:nominal alliance 2431: 2430: 2400:Timorese militia 2392:French Indochina 2339:of the Japanese 2251:border conflicts 2178:as well as from 2128: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2089: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2066: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2023:Allied countries 2017:Names of the war 1936:invaded Thailand 1849:Asia–Pacific War 1825:French Indochina 1468: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1434: 1433: 1318: 1316: 1305: 1298: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1250:Manchuria (1945) 1105:Aleutian Islands 955:Indochina (1945) 925:Indochina (1940) 911:2nd Indian Ocean 894:1st Indian Ocean 889:Christmas Island 794: 784: 777: 770: 761: 760: 685:21,555+ aircraft 643: 642: 635: 629: 628: 619: 618: 609: 608: 594:1,747,465 (1945) 593: 592: 583: 582: 573: 572: 564: 563: 554: 553: 544: 543: 519: 518: 517: 507: 506: 505: 483: 482: 481: 471: 470: 469: 459: 458: 457: 424: 420: 418: 417: 386: 384: 383: 373: 371: 370: 363: 359: 357: 356: 192: 191: 122: 113: 102: 93: 82: 73: 48: 47: 19299: 19298: 19294: 19293: 19292: 19290: 19289: 19288: 19269: 19268: 19267: 19262: 19248:Yasukuni Shrine 19182: 19159: 19101: 19055: 19001: 18953:Tripartite Pact 18948:Rape of Nanking 18889: 18875:Tapani incident 18819: 18795:Boxer Rebellion 18753: 18733: 18697: 18688: 18637: 18628: 18563: 18543: 18537:Representatives 18505: 18502: 18501:Legislative and 18494: 18460:Foreign Affairs 18423: 18420: 18405: 18304: 18283:Government Seal 18268:Rising Sun Flag 18251: 18245: 18237: 18229: 18216: 18207: 18109: 18107:Empire of Japan 18104: 18074: 18069: 18046: 18045: 18035: 18033: 18023: 18021: 18011: 18009: 17999: 17997: 17987: 17985: 17975: 17973: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17950: 17948: 17943:Occupied Malaya 17937: 17935: 17925: 17923: 17913: 17911: 17901: 17899: 17889: 17887: 17877: 17875: 17865: 17863: 17852: 17850: 17840: 17838: 17828: 17826: 17816: 17814: 17804: 17802: 17792: 17790: 17780: 17778: 17768: 17766: 17756: 17754: 17744: 17742: 17732: 17730: 17720: 17718: 17708: 17706: 17697: 17691:Empire of Japan 17687: 17657: 17652: 17645: 17638: 17624: 17622: 17610: 17601: 17594: 17587: 17580: 17571: 17564: 17557: 17548: 17543:Atomic bombings 17541: 17534: 17527: 17520: 17513: 17504: 17497: 17490: 17483: 17476: 17469: 17462: 17455: 17448: 17441: 17434: 17427: 17420: 17413: 17406: 17399: 17386: 17379: 17368: 17361: 17354: 17345: 17338: 17331: 17324: 17317: 17310: 17301: 17292: 17285: 17276: 17269: 17262: 17255: 17246: 17239: 17234:Eastern Romania 17232: 17227:Warsaw Uprising 17225: 17220:Tannenberg Line 17218: 17211: 17206:Western Ukraine 17204: 17195: 17188: 17179: 17170: 17161: 17154: 17147: 17136: 17127: 17114: 17107: 17098: 17091: 17084: 17077: 17070: 17063: 17056: 17047: 17040: 17033: 17024: 17017: 17010: 17003: 16998:Battle of Kursk 16996: 16989: 16982: 16975: 16968: 16955: 16948: 16939: 16932: 16925: 16916: 16909: 16902: 16895: 16886: 16877: 16870: 16863: 16856: 16849: 16842: 16835: 16828: 16821: 16814: 16809:St Nazaire Raid 16807: 16800: 16793: 16780: 16773: 16766: 16759: 16752: 16745: 16738: 16731: 16724: 16717: 16710: 16703: 16696: 16689: 16682: 16675: 16668: 16661: 16654: 16647: 16633: 16624: 16617: 16610: 16603: 16596: 16591:Anglo-Iraqi War 16589: 16582:Battle of Crete 16580: 16573: 16566: 16559: 16552: 16539: 16530: 16523: 16516: 16511:Eastern Romania 16509: 16502: 16495: 16488: 16481: 16474: 16467: 16460: 16453: 16446: 16439: 16432: 16425: 16418: 16411: 16404: 16391: 16384: 16377: 16370: 16363: 16356: 16349: 16342: 16329: 16320: 16313: 16306: 16299: 16292: 16285: 16276: 16269: 16262: 16253: 16246: 16220: 16213: 16206: 16197: 16190: 16185: 16176: 16169: 16162: 16153: 16146: 16137: 16130: 16125: 16118: 16105: 16098: 16089: 16082: 16077: 16072:Western Ukraine 16070: 16063: 16056: 16049: 16042: 16035: 16028: 16021: 16016:Northeast China 16014: 16007: 16000: 15993: 15986: 15979: 15970: 15963: 15956: 15949: 15942: 15935: 15928: 15921: 15914: 15907: 15900: 15893: 15886: 15879: 15872: 15865: 15858: 15851: 15844: 15831: 15824: 15817: 15810: 15803: 15796: 15789: 15782: 15775: 15768: 15761: 15754: 15741: 15734: 15727: 15722:Slovak Republic 15720: 15712: 15705: 15698: 15693:Empire of Japan 15691: 15682: 15674: 15667: 15660: 15653: 15646: 15639: 15631: 15624: 15617: 15609: 15602: 15589: 15582: 15573: 15566: 15557: 15550: 15543: 15536: 15529: 15522: 15515: 15503: 15496: 15489: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15461: 15454: 15447: 15435: 15428: 15421: 15414: 15407: 15395: 15387: 15380: 15373: 15366: 15359: 15352: 15345: 15333: 15326: 15319: 15312: 15305: 15279: 15270: 15263: 15256: 15249: 15238: 15223: 15216: 15209: 15205:Sexual violence 15204: 15197: 15188: 15181: 15174: 15165: 15158: 15151: 15144: 15137: 15128: 15119: 15112: 15105: 15098: 15091: 15084: 15075: 15068: 15061: 15054: 15041: 15034: 15027: 15020: 15011: 15004: 14997: 14990: 14983: 14974: 14965: 14958: 14951: 14944: 14935: 14928: 14923:Greek Civil War 14921: 14914: 14907: 14900: 14893: 14886: 14879: 14866: 14859: 14850: 14843: 14836: 14827: 14820: 14813: 14806: 14797: 14790: 14783: 14774: 14767: 14760: 14753: 14748:South-East Asia 14746: 14739: 14732: 14719: 14712: 14705: 14698: 14691: 14684: 14677: 14670: 14661: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14633: 14626: 14619: 14612: 14607:Military awards 14605: 14596: 14589: 14582: 14573: 14566: 14559: 14552: 14545: 14538: 14531: 14524: 14517: 14510: 14501: 14494: 14474: 14467: 14460: 14451: 14444: 14437: 14432: 14423: 14416: 14409: 14401: 14396: 14357: 14341:Wayback Machine 14329:Wayback Machine 14312: 14307: 14301: 14190: 14174:(2009). 458 pp. 14163:Prange, et al. 14156:Prange, et al. 14143: 14124: 14047: 14006:Wayback Machine 13989: 13939:The Divine Wind 13917: 13895: 13862: 13843: 13791: 13768:Nofi, Albert A. 13759: 13739:Dean, Peter J. 13733: 13685: 13664: 13658: 13656:Further reading 13653: 13636:Primary sources 13627: 13603: 13601: 13599: 13569: 13546: 13527: 13508: 13487: 13468: 13449: 13430: 13411: 13392: 13371: 13320:Spector, Ronald 13306: 13287: 13265: 13234: 13232: 13213: 13194: 13175: 13156: 13129:. Bantam Books. 13107: 13085: 13083: 13071: 13057:Peattie, Mark R 13049: 13019: 13000: 12981: 12932: 12902: 12874: 12855: 12817: 12796: 12774: 12755: 12722: 12686: 12663: 12632: 12611: 12592: 12573: 12554: 12535: 12514: 12495: 12452:10.2307/1983926 12431: 12412: 12390: 12369: 12355:Peattie, Mark R 12337: 12314: 12295: 12276: 12257: 12238: 12198: 12179: 12160: 12123: 12104: 12085: 12062: 12030: 12007: 11979: 11978: 11965: 11946: 11918: 11891: 11872: 11836:10.2307/3641184 11815: 11796: 11779: 11774: 11766: 11762: 11754: 11750: 11742: 11738: 11730: 11726: 11718: 11714: 11706: 11702: 11692: 11690: 11677: 11676: 11672: 11664: 11660: 11648: 11647: 11643: 11633: 11631: 11620: 11616: 11608: 11604: 11596: 11592: 11582: 11580: 11567: 11566: 11562: 11552: 11550: 11537: 11536: 11532: 11524: 11520: 11515: 11511: 11498: 11496: 11485: 11481: 11473: 11469: 11461: 11457: 11452: 11448: 11442:Wayback Machine 11433: 11429: 11424: 11420: 11410: 11408: 11399: 11398: 11394: 11386: 11382: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11361: 11331:Wayback Machine 11321: 11317: 11300: 11296: 11286:Canadian Heroes 11280: 11279: 11275: 11265: 11263: 11253: 11249: 11240: 11236: 11228: 11224: 11214: 11212: 11199: 11198: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11167: 11163: 11155: 11148: 11140: 11136: 11128: 11124: 11116: 11112: 11104: 11100: 11092: 11088: 11080: 11076: 11066: 11064: 11055: 11054: 11050: 11042: 11038: 11030: 11026: 11021: 11014: 11008:Clodfelter 2002 11006: 10999: 10989: 10987: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10967: 10965: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10945:Wayback Machine 10934:Wayback Machine 10925: 10921: 10911: 10906: 10902: 10893: 10889: 10882: 10868: 10864: 10854: 10852: 10843: 10842: 10838: 10828: 10826: 10807: 10803: 10795: 10791: 10785:Greenfield 1967 10783: 10779: 10771: 10767: 10759: 10755: 10745: 10743: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10711: 10704: 10696: 10692: 10675: 10671: 10661:Wayback Machine 10651: 10644: 10634: 10632: 10617: 10616: 10612: 10602: 10600: 10591: 10590: 10586: 10578: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10551: 10547: 10539: 10535: 10529:Wayback Machine 10518: 10514: 10506: 10499: 10491: 10484: 10476:, p. 445; 10472: 10468: 10460: 10456: 10448:, p. 445; 10444: 10437: 10429: 10425: 10417: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10393: 10389: 10381: 10377: 10369: 10365: 10357: 10353: 10345: 10341: 10333:, p. 303; 10329: 10325: 10317: 10313: 10308:Wayback Machine 10301:in Project MUSE 10294: 10290: 10282: 10275: 10267: 10263: 10255: 10248: 10240: 10229: 10221: 10217: 10209:, p. 408; 10205: 10201: 10193: 10186: 10178: 10155: 10146: 10138: 10134: 10126: 10122: 10114: 10110: 10101:Wayback Machine 10091: 10087: 10079: 10072: 10062: 10060: 10045: 10041: 10033: 10026: 10014: 10010: 10002: 9993: 9985: 9974: 9962: 9958: 9950:, p. 188; 9946: 9942: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9917:on 3 March 2016 9909: 9908: 9904: 9894: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9878: 9870: 9866: 9858:, p. 230; 9854: 9850: 9842:, p. 227; 9838: 9834: 9826: 9822: 9814: 9807: 9799: 9786: 9778: 9771: 9763: 9759: 9751: 9747: 9739: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9715: 9711: 9703: 9699: 9694: 9690: 9681: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9642: 9640: 9627: 9623: 9615: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9588: 9584: 9576: 9572: 9563: 9559: 9550: 9546: 9538: 9534: 9526: 9522: 9514: 9510: 9493: 9492: 9488: 9480: 9476: 9468: 9461: 9450: 9446: 9438: 9434: 9426: 9419: 9411: 9407: 9399: 9395: 9387: 9383: 9375: 9371: 9363: 9359: 9350: 9346: 9333: 9332: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9293: 9289: 9281: 9277: 9269: 9265: 9257: 9253: 9245: 9241: 9233: 9229: 9219: 9217: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9195: 9186: 9178: 9169: 9161: 9154: 9142: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9118: 9114: 9106: 9102: 9094: 9090: 9082: 9069: 9061: 9057: 9049: 9038: 9030: 9026: 9018: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8991: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8959: 8958: 8954: 8944: 8942: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8907: 8906: 8902: 8897: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8859: 8855: 8847: 8838: 8830: 8826: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8760: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8729: 8725: 8717: 8713: 8707:Battle of Timor 8698: 8696: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8646: 8636: 8634: 8625: 8624: 8620: 8612: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8574: 8572: 8559: 8558: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8512: 8499: 8498: 8494: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8449: 8448: 8444: 8436: 8432: 8424: 8420: 8412: 8405: 8397: 8393: 8385: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8321: 8317: 8309: 8305: 8291: 8289: 8278: 8277: 8273: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8241: 8237: 8229: 8225: 8217: 8213: 8205: 8201: 8193: 8189: 8178: 8174: 8166: 8162: 8154: 8150: 8142: 8138: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8105: 8104: 8100: 8092: 8088: 8080: 8076: 8065:Philip J. Jaffe 8062: 8055: 8045: 8043: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7951:Clodfelter 2002 7949: 7945: 7937: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7901: 7897: 7875: 7871: 7863: 7859: 7847: 7843: 7837:Clodfelter 2002 7835: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7795: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7771: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7728: 7724:, pp. 527. 7722:Clodfelter 2017 7720: 7713: 7705: 7698: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7652: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7606: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7588:Avalanche Press 7582: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7543: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7520: 7519: 7512: 7510: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7479: 7472: 7465: 7451: 7447: 7435: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7408:Malaya Campaign 7405: 7401: 7391: 7386: 7377: 7370: 7353: 7344: 7335: 7331: 7311: 7307: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7275: 7271: 7263: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7214: 7213: 7209: 7201: 7194: 7186: 7182: 7173: 7169: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7125: 7118: 7110: 7101: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7073: 7069: 7060: 7056: 7042: 7038: 7033: 7029: 7014: 7012: 7000: 6998: 6986: 6984: 6972: 6970: 6958: 6956: 6944: 6942: 6930: 6928: 6916: 6914: 6902: 6900: 6888: 6886: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6812: 6808: 6799: 6795: 6786: 6782: 6773: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6751: 6747:Until July 1944 6746: 6742: 6738:Until July 1945 6737: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6711: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6678:Yasukuni Shrine 6673:War Plan Orange 6618: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6596: 6569: 6563: 6528:Manila massacre 6505: 6500: 6494: 6485:Manila massacre 6477: 6406:Solomon Islands 6196:Central Pacific 6013: 5992: 5943: 5857: 5837:, November 1943 5827: 5822: 5817: 5788: 5785: 5737: 5731: 5702:(11–25 August) 5664: 5618: 5604: 5584:Harry S. Truman 5546:atomic bombings 5522: 5510:Main articles: 5508: 5461:Leslie Morshead 5449: 5435: 5406: 5398:Main articles: 5396: 5282: 5276: 5216:Mount Suribachi 5199: 5193: 5107: 5090: 5085: 5075: 5040:Puerto Princesa 4976:General Krueger 4944: 4927: 4900:Jesse Oldendorf 4869:Shōji Nishimura 4829: 4823: 4778:proximity fuzes 4731: 4725: 4673:captured Tinian 4669:recaptured Guam 4662:Mount Tapotchau 4645: 4633:Main articles: 4623: 4555:Gilbert Islands 4543: 4531:prolonged siege 4487:Geoffry Scoones 4468:Arakan Province 4464:Indian XV Corps 4456: 4438: 4418: 4413: 4381:Mark 14 torpedo 4279: 4273: 4253: 4241: 4227:Chiang Kai-shek 4219: 4204:Cape Gloucester 4152: 4140:Main articles: 4138: 4109: 4078:Joseph Stilwell 4070:Fourteenth Army 4003: 3997: 3995:Burma 1942–1943 3988:Joseph Stilwell 3984:Chiang Kai-shek 3923: 3921:China 1942–1943 3906: 3796:Henderson Field 3753: 3707:Solomon Islands 3703: 3695:Main articles: 3693: 3667:. The crippled 3609: 3586: 3430: 3424: 3321: 3293: 3229: 3224:Prime Minister 3223: 3192: 3175:attacked Bataan 3150: 3132: 3110:. This cut the 3086:valley and the 3084:Irrawaddy River 2961:Prince of Wales 2914: 2894: 2870: 2858:Thai government 2830:the Philippines 2814: 2778: 2741: 2666:Battle of Zaoyi 2616:Soviet Far East 2551:their civil war 2523: 2513:Chiang Kai-shek 2505: 2500: 2450:South-East Asia 2446:Central Pacific 2438: 2317: 2152: 2139: 2131:Mukden Incident 2114: 2095: 2075: 2050: 2036:Pacific theater 2019: 2002: 1920:the Philippines 1896:Empire of Japan 1853:Pacific Theater 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1721:Other campaigns 1715:Southern France 1624:Burma and India 1619:South-East Asia 1614:Franco-Thai War 1469: 1463: 1461: 1431: 1426: 1412:China (1937–45) 1383:Tsingtao (1914) 1370: 1319: 1315:Empire of Japan 1314: 1311: 1309: 1279: 1274: 1266: 1178:Mariana Islands 1051:Solomon Islands 1020:Burma (1944–45) 1010:Burma (1942–43) 1005:Burma (1941–42) 998:Burma and India 930:Franco-Thai War 877:Andaman Islands 804:Central Pacific 795: 790: 788: 754: 751: 743:Civilian deaths 739: 706: 703: 695:Civilian deaths 691: 651: 637: 623: 613: 603: 597: 587: 577: 567: 566: 558: 548: 538: 525: 515: 513: 503: 501: 489: 479: 477: 467: 465: 461:Chiang Kai-shek 455: 453: 427: 415: 413: 392: 381: 379: 368: 366: 354: 352: 260: 243: 242: 199: 186: 127: 126: 125: 124: 123: 115: 114: 105: 104: 103: 95: 94: 85: 84: 83: 75: 74: 42: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19297: 19287: 19286: 19281: 19264: 19263: 19261: 19260: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19240: 19235: 19230: 19225: 19220: 19215: 19210: 19205: 19200: 19194: 19192: 19188: 19187: 19184: 19183: 19181: 19180: 19179: 19178: 19167: 19165: 19161: 19160: 19158: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19117: 19111: 19109: 19103: 19102: 19100: 19099: 19094: 19092:State of Burma 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19063: 19061: 19057: 19056: 19054: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19020: 19018: 19011: 19007: 19006: 19003: 19002: 19000: 18999: 18994: 18980: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18940: 18935: 18930: 18925: 18920: 18918:Musha Incident 18915: 18910: 18908:Jinan incident 18905: 18899: 18897: 18891: 18890: 18888: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18867: 18862: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18841: 18840: 18829: 18827: 18821: 18820: 18818: 18817: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18792: 18787: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18765:Beipu uprising 18762: 18756: 18754: 18749: 18743: 18739: 18738: 18735: 18734: 18732: 18731: 18729:Treaty Faction 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18700: 18698: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18687: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18671: 18666: 18661: 18659:Imperial Guard 18656: 18651: 18646: 18640: 18638: 18633: 18630: 18629: 18627: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18600: 18599: 18584: 18583: 18582: 18577: 18566: 18564: 18559: 18553: 18549: 18548: 18545: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18540: 18539: 18534: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18508: 18506: 18499: 18496: 18495: 18493: 18492: 18487: 18482: 18477: 18472: 18467: 18462: 18457: 18452: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18426: 18424: 18419:Administration 18417: 18411: 18407: 18406: 18404: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18353: 18348: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18312: 18310: 18306: 18305: 18303: 18302: 18297: 18296: 18295: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18270: 18265: 18259: 18257: 18253: 18252: 18250: 18249: 18241: 18233: 18224: 18222: 18218: 18217: 18210: 18208: 18206: 18205: 18200: 18195: 18190: 18185: 18184: 18183: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18117: 18115: 18111: 18110: 18103: 18102: 18095: 18088: 18080: 18071: 18070: 18068: 18067: 18062: 18057: 18051: 18048: 18047: 18044: 18043: 18031: 18019: 18007: 18005:Occupied Nauru 17995: 17983: 17971: 17959: 17947: 17945: 17933: 17921: 17909: 17897: 17885: 17873: 17861: 17848: 17836: 17834:State of Burma 17824: 17812: 17800: 17788: 17776: 17764: 17752: 17740: 17728: 17716: 17703: 17702: 17699: 17698: 17686: 17685: 17678: 17671: 17663: 17654: 17653: 17651: 17650: 17643: 17636: 17619: 17616: 17615: 17612: 17611: 17609: 17608: 17607: 17606: 17599: 17592: 17578: 17577: 17576: 17562: 17559:South Sakhalin 17555: 17554: 17553: 17539: 17532: 17525: 17518: 17511: 17510: 17509: 17495: 17488: 17481: 17474: 17467: 17460: 17453: 17446: 17439: 17432: 17425: 17418: 17411: 17404: 17396: 17394: 17388: 17387: 17385: 17384: 17377: 17376: 17375: 17359: 17352: 17351: 17350: 17336: 17329: 17322: 17315: 17308: 17299: 17290: 17283: 17274: 17267: 17260: 17253: 17244: 17237: 17230: 17223: 17216: 17209: 17202: 17193: 17186: 17177: 17168: 17159: 17152: 17145: 17134: 17124: 17122: 17116: 17115: 17113: 17112: 17105: 17104: 17103: 17096: 17082: 17075: 17068: 17061: 17054: 17053: 17052: 17038: 17031: 17022: 17015: 17008: 17001: 16994: 16987: 16984:Battle of Attu 16980: 16973: 16965: 16963: 16957: 16956: 16954: 16953: 16946: 16937: 16930: 16923: 16914: 16907: 16900: 16893: 16884: 16883: 16882: 16875: 16861: 16854: 16847: 16840: 16833: 16826: 16819: 16812: 16805: 16798: 16790: 16788: 16782: 16781: 16779: 16778: 16771: 16764: 16757: 16750: 16743: 16736: 16733:Battle of Guam 16729: 16722: 16715: 16708: 16701: 16694: 16687: 16680: 16673: 16666: 16659: 16656:Battle of Kiev 16652: 16645: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16615: 16608: 16601: 16594: 16587: 16586: 16585: 16571: 16564: 16557: 16549: 16547: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16537: 16528: 16521: 16514: 16507: 16500: 16493: 16486: 16479: 16472: 16465: 16458: 16451: 16444: 16437: 16430: 16423: 16416: 16409: 16401: 16399: 16393: 16392: 16390: 16389: 16382: 16375: 16368: 16361: 16354: 16347: 16339: 16337: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16327: 16326: 16325: 16318: 16311: 16304: 16297: 16283: 16282: 16281: 16274: 16260: 16259: 16258: 16243: 16241: 16232: 16226: 16225: 16222: 16221: 16219: 16218: 16211: 16204: 16203: 16202: 16195: 16183: 16182: 16181: 16167: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16155:United Kingdom 16151: 16144: 16143: 16142: 16123: 16115: 16113: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16096: 16095: 16094: 16087: 16075: 16068: 16061: 16054: 16047: 16040: 16033: 16026: 16019: 16012: 16005: 15998: 15991: 15984: 15977: 15976: 15975: 15968: 15954: 15947: 15940: 15933: 15926: 15919: 15912: 15905: 15898: 15891: 15884: 15877: 15870: 15863: 15856: 15849: 15841: 15839: 15833: 15832: 15830: 15829: 15822: 15815: 15808: 15801: 15794: 15787: 15780: 15773: 15766: 15759: 15751: 15749: 15743: 15742: 15740: 15739: 15732: 15725: 15718: 15710: 15703: 15696: 15689: 15688: 15687: 15672: 15665: 15658: 15651: 15644: 15637: 15629: 15622: 15615: 15607: 15599: 15597: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15587: 15580: 15579: 15578: 15564: 15563: 15562: 15559:British Empire 15552:United Kingdom 15548: 15541: 15534: 15527: 15520: 15513: 15501: 15494: 15487: 15480: 15473: 15466: 15459: 15452: 15445: 15433: 15426: 15419: 15412: 15405: 15393: 15385: 15378: 15371: 15368:Czechoslovakia 15364: 15357: 15350: 15343: 15331: 15324: 15317: 15310: 15302: 15300: 15291: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15280: 15278: 15277: 15276: 15275: 15268: 15265:Rape of Manila 15261: 15254: 15247: 15236: 15221: 15214: 15202: 15195: 15194: 15193: 15186: 15172: 15171: 15170: 15163: 15156: 15142: 15135: 15134: 15133: 15126: 15125: 15124: 15117: 15103: 15096: 15082: 15081: 15080: 15073: 15066: 15051: 15049: 15043: 15042: 15040: 15039: 15036:United Nations 15032: 15025: 15018: 15017: 15016: 15009: 15002: 14995: 14981: 14972: 14963: 14956: 14949: 14942: 14933: 14926: 14919: 14912: 14905: 14898: 14895:Decolonization 14891: 14884: 14876: 14874: 14868: 14867: 14865: 14864: 14857: 14856: 14855: 14841: 14834: 14833: 14832: 14825: 14818: 14804: 14803: 14802: 14795: 14781: 14780: 14779: 14772: 14765: 14758: 14751: 14744: 14729: 14727: 14721: 14720: 14718: 14717: 14710: 14703: 14696: 14689: 14682: 14675: 14668: 14667: 14666: 14659: 14645: 14638: 14631: 14624: 14617: 14610: 14603: 14602: 14601: 14587: 14580: 14579: 14578: 14571: 14568:United Kingdom 14564: 14550: 14543: 14536: 14529: 14522: 14515: 14508: 14507: 14506: 14491: 14489: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14472: 14465: 14458: 14457: 14456: 14449: 14442: 14430: 14429: 14428: 14414: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14395: 14394: 14387: 14380: 14372: 14366: 14365: 14354: 14349: 14343: 14331: 14319: 14311: 14310:External links 14308: 14306: 14305: 14299: 14286: 14271: 14269:978-0393080650 14255: 14253:978-0393080643 14239: 14237:978-0393080650 14221: 14208: 14201: 14194: 14188: 14175: 14168: 14161: 14154: 14147: 14141: 14128: 14122: 14109: 14104:Potter, E. B. 14102: 14097:Potter, E. B. 14095: 14088: 14081: 14074: 14063: 14051: 14045: 14032: 14013: 13993: 13987: 13970: 13963: 13956: 13949: 13942: 13935: 13928: 13921: 13915: 13899: 13893: 13877: 13866: 13860: 13847: 13841: 13824: 13806:(1): 137–182. 13795: 13789: 13776: 13763: 13757: 13744: 13737: 13731: 13718: 13707: 13698: 13689: 13683: 13665: 13660:Main article: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13651: 13632: 13631: 13625: 13610: 13597: 13582: 13573: 13567: 13550: 13544: 13531: 13525: 13512: 13506: 13491: 13485: 13472: 13466: 13453: 13447: 13434: 13428: 13415: 13409: 13396: 13390: 13375: 13369: 13356: 13327: 13317: 13310: 13304: 13291: 13285: 13269: 13263: 13250: 13241: 13217: 13211: 13198: 13192: 13179: 13173: 13160: 13154: 13131: 13122: 13111: 13105: 13092: 13082:. The Atlantic 13075: 13069: 13053: 13047: 13032: 13023: 13017: 13004: 12998: 12985: 12979: 12966: 12936: 12930: 12915: 12913:. Bodley Head. 12906: 12900: 12887: 12878: 12872: 12859: 12853: 12840: 12821: 12815: 12800: 12794: 12782:Lin, Hsiao-tin 12778: 12772: 12759: 12753: 12735: 12726: 12720: 12707: 12690: 12684: 12667: 12661: 12648: 12636: 12630: 12615: 12609: 12596: 12590: 12577: 12571: 12558: 12552: 12539: 12533: 12518: 12512: 12499: 12493: 12473: 12464: 12446:(2): 312–336. 12435: 12429: 12416: 12410: 12394: 12388: 12373: 12367: 12350: 12341: 12335: 12318: 12312: 12299: 12293: 12280: 12274: 12261: 12255: 12242: 12236: 12223: 12207:Soviet Studies 12202: 12196: 12183: 12177: 12164: 12158: 12145: 12136: 12127: 12121: 12108: 12102: 12089: 12083: 12066: 12060: 12047: 12034: 12028: 12022:. p. 41. 12011: 12005: 11992: 11969: 11963: 11950: 11944: 11931: 11927:Silent Victory 11922: 11916: 11895: 11889: 11876: 11870: 11857: 11848: 11830:(4): 477–512. 11819: 11813: 11800: 11794: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11772: 11760: 11748: 11736: 11724: 11712: 11700: 11689:on 28 May 2014 11670: 11658: 11641: 11614: 11602: 11590: 11560: 11545:. Hawaii.edu. 11539:"Rummel, R.J. 11530: 11518: 11509: 11479: 11467: 11455: 11446: 11427: 11418: 11392: 11380: 11368: 11359: 11315: 11294: 11273: 11247: 11234: 11222: 11187: 11161: 11146: 11144:, p. 317. 11134: 11132:, p. 240. 11122: 11120:, p. 743. 11110: 11098: 11086: 11074: 11048: 11046:, p. 348. 11036: 11024: 11012: 11010:, p. 956. 10997: 10975: 10949: 10938:German U-boats 10919: 10910:, p. 300. 10900: 10887: 10880: 10862: 10836: 10801: 10789: 10777: 10775:, p. 806. 10765: 10753: 10721: 10719:, p. 228. 10702: 10690: 10669: 10642: 10610: 10584: 10569: 10557: 10545: 10533: 10512: 10497: 10495:, p. 248. 10482: 10480:, p. 170. 10466: 10454: 10452:, p. 412. 10435: 10433:, p. 445. 10423: 10419:Alexander 1996 10411: 10409:, p. 226. 10399: 10397:, p. 379. 10387: 10385:, p. 189. 10375: 10373:, p. 184. 10363: 10361:, p. 367. 10351: 10349:, p. 366. 10339: 10323: 10321:, p. 365. 10311: 10288: 10286:, p. 420. 10273: 10271:, p. 268. 10261: 10259:, p. 410. 10246: 10244:, p. 265. 10227: 10225:, p. 263. 10215: 10213:, p. 291. 10199: 10197:, p. 291. 10184: 10176: 10144: 10132: 10130:, p. 457. 10120: 10118:, p. 457. 10108: 10085: 10070: 10039: 10024: 10022:, p. 255. 10018:, p. 50; 10008: 9991: 9972: 9966:, p. 76; 9956: 9940: 9938:, p. 212. 9928: 9902: 9876: 9874:, p. 230. 9864: 9862:, p. 318. 9848: 9846:, p. 301. 9832: 9830:, p. 227. 9820: 9805: 9784: 9769: 9757: 9745: 9743:, p. 122. 9733: 9721: 9709: 9707:, p. 163. 9697: 9688: 9682:Davison, John 9675: 9649: 9621: 9619:, p. 877. 9609: 9582: 9570: 9557: 9544: 9542:, p. 512. 9532: 9520: 9508: 9486: 9474: 9459: 9444: 9432: 9417: 9405: 9403:, p. 491. 9393: 9391:, p. 180. 9381: 9369: 9357: 9344: 9323: 9321:, p. 171. 9311: 9299: 9297:, p. 138. 9287: 9275: 9273:, p. 158. 9263: 9261:, p. 490. 9251: 9249:, p. 109. 9239: 9227: 9201: 9184: 9167: 9152: 9146:, p. 35; 9136: 9124: 9112: 9100: 9098:, p. 489. 9088: 9067: 9055: 9036: 9024: 9022:, p. 118. 9009: 9007:, p. 648. 8997: 8978: 8952: 8926: 8900: 8891: 8865: 8863:, p. 213. 8853: 8851:, p. 149. 8836: 8834:, p. 377. 8824: 8822:, p. 172. 8812: 8785: 8754: 8723: 8711: 8675: 8644: 8629:. Awm.gov.au. 8618: 8606: 8594: 8592:, p. 407. 8582: 8552: 8522: 8492: 8474: 8442: 8430: 8428:, p. 113. 8418: 8416:, p. 488. 8403: 8401:, p. 175. 8391: 8376: 8364: 8352: 8340: 8328: 8315: 8303: 8271: 8259: 8247: 8245:, p. 320. 8235: 8233:, p. 636. 8223: 8221:, p. 120. 8211: 8199: 8187: 8172: 8168:MacKinnon 2008 8160: 8148: 8136: 8124: 8098: 8096:, p. 945. 8086: 8074: 8053: 8031: 8005: 7979: 7977:, p. 626. 7967: 7965:, p. 516. 7955: 7953:, p. 585. 7943: 7931: 7919: 7907: 7905:, p. 143. 7895: 7869: 7857: 7841: 7839:, p. 556. 7829: 7825:Murashima 2006 7817: 7805: 7789: 7777: 7775:, p. 299. 7762: 7760:, p. 297. 7750: 7741: 7726: 7711: 7696: 7694:, p. 203. 7684: 7658: 7643: 7622: 7600: 7575: 7553: 7494: 7485: 7470: 7463: 7445: 7429: 7420: 7412:Burma Campaign 7399: 7390:, p. 365. 7375: 7369:978-0813327181 7368: 7360:Hidden Horrors 7342: 7329: 7305: 7293: 7291:, p. 309. 7281: 7269: 7265:Harrison p. 29 7257: 7255:, p. 403. 7245: 7233: 7207: 7192: 7180: 7167: 7155: 7153:, p. 836. 7143: 7141:, p. 205. 7131: 7116: 7114:, p. 157. 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7067: 7054: 7036: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7010: 6996: 6982: 6968: 6954: 6940: 6926: 6912: 6909:British Empire 6898: 6884: 6862: 6853: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6829: 6806: 6793: 6780: 6767: 6758: 6749: 6740: 6731: 6722: 6705: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6607: 6604: 6595: 6592: 6577:Jonathan Rauch 6565:Main article: 6562: 6559: 6504: 6501: 6490:Main article: 6476: 6473: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6021:suicide charge 6012: 6009: 5991: 5988: 5955:Burma Campaign 5942: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5926: 5923:Yasuji Okamura 5911: 5883:Rudolph Rummel 5880: 5876: 5872: 5856: 5853: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5783: 5763:Kantarō Suzuki 5733:Main article: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5722:(18–23 August) 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708:(19–22 August) 5663: 5660: 5630:nuclear attack 5614:Main article: 5603: 5600: 5512:Japan campaign 5507: 5504: 5469:Thomas Kinkaid 5467:under Admiral 5445:Main article: 5434: 5431: 5395: 5392: 5278:Main article: 5275: 5272: 5195:Main article: 5192: 5189: 5142:Heitarō Kimura 5123:Cheduba Island 5103:Main article: 5089: 5086: 5074: 5071: 5032:Palawan Island 4992:urban fighting 4940:Main article: 4926: 4923: 4881:Surigao Strait 4873:Kiyohide Shima 4825:Main article: 4822: 4819: 4757:under Admiral 4755:US Fifth Fleet 4751:Jisaburō Ozawa 4727:Main article: 4724: 4723:Philippine Sea 4721: 4622: 4619: 4542: 4539: 4483:Operation U-Go 4452:Main article: 4437: 4434: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4324:, in June 1942 4312:The torpedoed 4275:Main article: 4272: 4269: 4252: 4249: 4237:Main article: 4218: 4215: 4211:island-hopping 4137: 4134: 4108: 4105: 3999:Main article: 3996: 3993: 3982:Generalissimo 3969:Isamu Yokoyama 3927:mainland China 3922: 3919: 3905: 3902: 3849:. The loss of 3781:Gunichi Mikawa 3752: 3749: 3745:Buna–Gona area 3692: 3689: 3634:Chuichi Nagumo 3605:Main article: 3585: 3582: 3474:Frank Fletcher 3426:Main article: 3423: 3420: 3384:Doolittle Raid 3320: 3317: 3292: 3289: 3275:in Australia. 3221: 3191: 3188: 3146:Main article: 3131: 3128: 2971:Following the 2913: 2910: 2890:Main article: 2869: 2866: 2818:Western powers 2813: 2810: 2777: 2774: 2740: 2737: 2731:non-combatants 2519:Main article: 2511:Generalissimo 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2437: 2434: 2398:), as well as 2388:British Borneo 2384:British Malaya 2316: 2313: 2305:and later the 2283:South Sakhalin 2275:Inner Mongolia 2160:British Empire 2151: 2148: 2138: 2135: 2105:Taiheiyō Sensō 2062:Dai Tō-A Sensō 2018: 2015: 2001: 1998: 1963:island hopping 1836: 1835: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1790:Baltic Nations 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1599: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1490: 1485: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1437: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1338:Ganghwa (1875) 1335: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1308: 1307: 1300: 1293: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1247: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1207: 1205:South Sakhalin 1202: 1197: 1192: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1001: 1000: 994: 993: 988: 981: 974: 967: 962: 960:Malacca Strait 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 921: 920: 918:Southeast Asia 914: 913: 908: 903: 902: 901: 891: 886: 885: 884: 874: 868: 867: 861: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 828:Doolittle Raid 825: 818: 813: 807: 806: 800: 797: 796: 787: 786: 779: 772: 764: 756: 755: 753: 752: 750: 749: 745: 740: 738: 737: 734: 731: 730:131 submarines 728: 727:135 destroyers 725: 722: 721:11 battleships 719: 715: 709: 707: 705: 704: 702: 701: 697: 692: 690: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 667: 661: 658: 657: 653: 652: 650: 649: 621: 611: 600: 598: 596: 595: 585: 575: 556: 546: 535: 532: 531: 527: 526: 524: 523: 511: 498: 490: 488: 487: 475: 463: 450: 447:Allied leaders 441: 440: 436: 435: 426: 425: 409: 400: 391: 390: 388:United Kingdom 377: 364: 348: 338: 337: 333: 332: 329: 328: 327: 326: 316:South Sakhalin 312: 306:United Nations 298: 286:Liberation of 284: 262: 256: 255: 249: 245: 244: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 223:Southeast Asia 220: 215: 209: 208: 206: 202: 201: 196: 188: 187: 185: 184: 177: 170: 167:Burma campaign 163: 150: 143:naval aircraft 139: 131: 117: 116: 108: 107: 106: 97: 96: 88: 87: 86: 77: 76: 68: 67: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 53: 52: 46: 45: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19296: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19276: 19274: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19251: 19249: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19231: 19229: 19226: 19224: 19221: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19203:Fukoku kyōhei 19201: 19199: 19196: 19195: 19193: 19189: 19177: 19174: 19173: 19172: 19169: 19168: 19166: 19162: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19128: 19126: 19123: 19121: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19112: 19110: 19108: 19104: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19062: 19060:Puppet states 19058: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19031: 19030: 19025: 19022: 19021: 19019: 19015: 19012: 19008: 18998: 18995: 18992: 18988: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18939: 18936: 18934: 18931: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18900: 18898: 18896: 18892: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18866: 18863: 18861: 18858: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18839: 18836: 18835: 18834: 18831: 18830: 18828: 18826: 18822: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18796: 18793: 18791: 18788: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18747: 18744: 18740: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18724:Fleet Faction 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18704:General Staff 18702: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18691: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18644:General Staff 18642: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18631: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18598: 18597:military code 18596: 18592: 18591: 18590: 18589: 18585: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18572: 18571: 18568: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18557: 18554: 18550: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18528: 18527:Imperial Diet 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18517:Privy Council 18515: 18513: 18510: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18497: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18483: 18481: 18478: 18476: 18473: 18471: 18468: 18466: 18463: 18461: 18458: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18435:Home Ministry 18433: 18431: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18415: 18412: 18408: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18313: 18311: 18307: 18301: 18298: 18294: 18291: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18278:Imperial Seal 18276: 18275: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18263:Flag of Japan 18261: 18260: 18258: 18254: 18248: 18242: 18240: 18234: 18232: 18226: 18225: 18223: 18219: 18204: 18201: 18199: 18196: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18182: 18179: 18178: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18118: 18116: 18112: 18108: 18101: 18096: 18094: 18089: 18087: 18082: 18081: 18078: 18066: 18063: 18061: 18058: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18049: 18042: 18032: 18030: 18020: 18018: 18008: 18006: 17996: 17994: 17993:Occupied Guam 17984: 17982: 17972: 17970: 17960: 17957: 17946: 17944: 17934: 17932: 17922: 17920: 17910: 17908: 17898: 17896: 17886: 17884: 17874: 17872: 17862: 17860: 17849: 17847: 17837: 17835: 17825: 17823: 17813: 17811: 17801: 17799: 17789: 17787: 17777: 17775: 17765: 17763: 17753: 17751: 17741: 17739: 17729: 17727: 17717: 17715: 17705: 17704: 17700: 17696: 17692: 17684: 17679: 17677: 17672: 17670: 17665: 17664: 17661: 17648: 17644: 17641: 17637: 17634: 17633: 17628: 17621: 17620: 17617: 17604: 17600: 17597: 17593: 17590: 17586: 17585: 17583: 17579: 17574: 17570: 17569: 17567: 17566:Kuril Islands 17563: 17560: 17556: 17551: 17547: 17546: 17544: 17540: 17537: 17533: 17530: 17526: 17523: 17519: 17516: 17512: 17507: 17503: 17502: 17500: 17496: 17493: 17489: 17486: 17482: 17479: 17475: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17461: 17458: 17454: 17451: 17447: 17444: 17440: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17426: 17423: 17419: 17416: 17412: 17409: 17405: 17402: 17398: 17397: 17395: 17393: 17389: 17382: 17378: 17373: 17372: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17360: 17357: 17353: 17348: 17344: 17343: 17341: 17337: 17334: 17333:Syrmian Front 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17316: 17313: 17309: 17306: 17305: 17300: 17297: 17296: 17291: 17288: 17284: 17281: 17280: 17279:Market Garden 17275: 17272: 17268: 17265: 17261: 17258: 17254: 17251: 17250: 17245: 17242: 17238: 17235: 17231: 17228: 17224: 17221: 17217: 17214: 17210: 17207: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17194: 17191: 17187: 17184: 17183: 17178: 17175: 17174: 17169: 17166: 17165: 17160: 17157: 17153: 17150: 17146: 17143: 17139: 17138:Monte Cassino 17135: 17132: 17131: 17126: 17125: 17123: 17121: 17117: 17110: 17106: 17101: 17097: 17094: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17083: 17080: 17076: 17073: 17069: 17066: 17062: 17059: 17055: 17050: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17032: 17029: 17028: 17023: 17020: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17002: 16999: 16995: 16992: 16988: 16985: 16981: 16978: 16974: 16971: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16962: 16958: 16951: 16947: 16944: 16943: 16938: 16935: 16931: 16928: 16924: 16921: 16920: 16915: 16912: 16908: 16905: 16901: 16898: 16894: 16891: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16876: 16873: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16862: 16859: 16855: 16852: 16848: 16845: 16841: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16827: 16824: 16820: 16817: 16813: 16810: 16806: 16803: 16799: 16796: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16787: 16783: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16765: 16762: 16758: 16755: 16751: 16748: 16744: 16741: 16737: 16734: 16730: 16727: 16723: 16720: 16716: 16713: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16699: 16695: 16692: 16688: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16674: 16671: 16667: 16664: 16660: 16657: 16653: 16650: 16646: 16642: 16641: 16636: 16632: 16627: 16623: 16622: 16620: 16616: 16613: 16609: 16606: 16602: 16599: 16595: 16592: 16588: 16583: 16579: 16578: 16576: 16572: 16569: 16565: 16562: 16558: 16555: 16551: 16550: 16548: 16546: 16542: 16535: 16534: 16529: 16526: 16522: 16519: 16515: 16512: 16508: 16505: 16504:Baltic states 16501: 16498: 16494: 16491: 16487: 16484: 16480: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16466: 16463: 16459: 16456: 16452: 16449: 16445: 16442: 16438: 16435: 16431: 16428: 16424: 16421: 16417: 16414: 16410: 16407: 16403: 16402: 16400: 16398: 16394: 16387: 16383: 16380: 16376: 16373: 16369: 16366: 16362: 16359: 16355: 16352: 16348: 16345: 16341: 16340: 16338: 16336: 16332: 16323: 16319: 16316: 16312: 16309: 16305: 16302: 16298: 16295: 16291: 16290: 16288: 16284: 16279: 16275: 16272: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16261: 16256: 16252: 16251: 16249: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16240: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16227: 16216: 16212: 16209: 16205: 16200: 16196: 16193: 16189: 16188: 16184: 16179: 16175: 16174: 16172: 16168: 16165: 16161: 16156: 16152: 16149: 16148:United States 16145: 16140: 16136: 16135: 16133: 16129: 16128: 16124: 16121: 16117: 16116: 16114: 16112: 16108: 16101: 16097: 16092: 16088: 16085: 16084:Quốc dân Đảng 16081: 16080: 16076: 16073: 16069: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16052: 16048: 16045: 16041: 16038: 16034: 16031: 16027: 16024: 16020: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16006: 16003: 15999: 15996: 15992: 15989: 15985: 15982: 15978: 15973: 15969: 15966: 15962: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15952: 15948: 15945: 15941: 15938: 15934: 15931: 15927: 15924: 15920: 15917: 15913: 15910: 15906: 15903: 15899: 15896: 15892: 15889: 15885: 15882: 15878: 15875: 15871: 15868: 15864: 15861: 15857: 15854: 15850: 15847: 15843: 15842: 15840: 15838: 15834: 15827: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15813: 15809: 15806: 15802: 15799: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15785: 15784:Liechtenstein 15781: 15778: 15774: 15771: 15767: 15764: 15760: 15757: 15753: 15752: 15750: 15748: 15744: 15737: 15733: 15730: 15726: 15723: 15719: 15715: 15711: 15708: 15704: 15701: 15697: 15694: 15690: 15685: 15681: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15670: 15666: 15663: 15659: 15656: 15652: 15649: 15645: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15623: 15620: 15616: 15612: 15608: 15605: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15596: 15592: 15585: 15581: 15576: 15572: 15571: 15569: 15568:United States 15565: 15560: 15556: 15555: 15553: 15549: 15546: 15542: 15539: 15535: 15532: 15528: 15525: 15521: 15518: 15514: 15510: 15506: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15464: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15450: 15446: 15442: 15438: 15434: 15431: 15427: 15424: 15420: 15417: 15413: 15410: 15406: 15402: 15398: 15394: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15376: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15362: 15358: 15355: 15351: 15348: 15344: 15340: 15336: 15332: 15329: 15325: 15322: 15318: 15315: 15311: 15308: 15304: 15303: 15301: 15299: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15286: 15273: 15269: 15266: 15262: 15259: 15258:Comfort women 15255: 15252: 15248: 15245: 15242: / 15241: 15237: 15234: 15231: / 15230: 15227: / 15226: 15222: 15219: 15218:Camp brothels 15215: 15212: 15208: 15207: 15203: 15200: 15196: 15191: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15173: 15168: 15164: 15161: 15157: 15154: 15150: 15149: 15147: 15143: 15140: 15136: 15131: 15127: 15122: 15118: 15115: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15107:The Holocaust 15104: 15101: 15097: 15094: 15093:forced labour 15090: 15089: 15087: 15083: 15078: 15074: 15071: 15067: 15064: 15060: 15059: 15057: 15053: 15052: 15050: 15048: 15044: 15037: 15033: 15030: 15026: 15023: 15019: 15014: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14996: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14982: 14979: 14978: 14973: 14970: 14969: 14964: 14961: 14957: 14954: 14950: 14947: 14946:Marshall Plan 14943: 14940: 14939: 14934: 14931: 14927: 14924: 14920: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14885: 14882: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14869: 14862: 14858: 14853: 14849: 14848: 14846: 14842: 14839: 14835: 14830: 14826: 14823: 14819: 14816: 14812: 14811: 14809: 14805: 14800: 14799:Eastern Front 14796: 14793: 14792:Western Front 14789: 14788: 14786: 14782: 14777: 14773: 14770: 14766: 14763: 14759: 14756: 14752: 14749: 14745: 14742: 14738: 14737: 14735: 14731: 14730: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14715: 14711: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14697: 14694: 14690: 14687: 14686:Puppet states 14683: 14680: 14676: 14673: 14669: 14664: 14660: 14657: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14646: 14643: 14639: 14636: 14632: 14629: 14628:Naval history 14625: 14622: 14618: 14615: 14611: 14608: 14604: 14599: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14588: 14585: 14581: 14576: 14575:United States 14572: 14569: 14565: 14562: 14558: 14557: 14555: 14551: 14548: 14544: 14541: 14537: 14534: 14530: 14527: 14523: 14520: 14516: 14513: 14509: 14504: 14500: 14499: 14497: 14493: 14492: 14490: 14488: 14484: 14481: 14477: 14470: 14466: 14463: 14459: 14454: 14450: 14447: 14443: 14440: 14436: 14435: 14431: 14426: 14422: 14421: 14419: 14415: 14412: 14408: 14407: 14404: 14400: 14393: 14388: 14386: 14381: 14379: 14374: 14373: 14370: 14364: 14360: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14338: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14326: 14323: 14320: 14317: 14314: 14313: 14302: 14296: 14292: 14287: 14284: 14283:0-521-44317-2 14280: 14276: 14272: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14261: 14257:Toll, Ian W. 14256: 14254: 14250: 14246: 14245: 14241:Toll, Ian W. 14240: 14238: 14234: 14230: 14229: 14225: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14212: 14211:Sledge, E. B. 14209: 14206: 14202: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14185: 14181: 14176: 14173: 14169: 14166: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14148: 14144: 14138: 14134: 14129: 14125: 14119: 14115: 14110: 14107: 14103: 14100: 14096: 14093: 14090:Potter, E. B. 14089: 14086: 14082: 14079: 14075: 14072: 14071:online review 14068: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14055: 14052: 14048: 14042: 14038: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14021: 14020: 14014: 14011: 14007: 14003: 14000: 13999: 13994: 13990: 13988:1-59114-472-8 13984: 13980: 13976: 13971: 13968: 13964: 13961: 13957: 13954: 13950: 13947: 13943: 13940: 13936: 13933: 13929: 13926: 13922: 13918: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13900: 13896: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13875: 13871: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13853: 13848: 13844: 13842:0-679-75303-6 13838: 13834: 13830: 13825: 13821: 13817: 13813: 13809: 13805: 13801: 13796: 13792: 13786: 13782: 13777: 13773: 13769: 13764: 13760: 13758:0-786-41451-0 13754: 13750: 13745: 13742: 13738: 13734: 13732:1-55750-243-9 13728: 13724: 13719: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13699: 13695: 13690: 13686: 13684:0-8133-3869-7 13680: 13675: 13674: 13667: 13666: 13663: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13638: 13637: 13628: 13622: 13618: 13617: 13611: 13600: 13594: 13590: 13589: 13583: 13579: 13574: 13570: 13568:1-59114-994-0 13564: 13559: 13558: 13551: 13547: 13545:1-461-64607-3 13541: 13537: 13532: 13528: 13526:0-253-34528-6 13522: 13518: 13513: 13509: 13507:0-87021-092-0 13503: 13499: 13498: 13492: 13488: 13482: 13478: 13473: 13469: 13467:0-8129-6858-1 13463: 13459: 13454: 13450: 13444: 13441:. Routledge. 13440: 13435: 13431: 13425: 13421: 13416: 13412: 13410:0-82641-521-0 13406: 13402: 13397: 13393: 13387: 13383: 13382: 13376: 13372: 13366: 13362: 13357: 13353: 13349: 13345: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13332:Asian Affairs 13328: 13325: 13321: 13318: 13315: 13311: 13307: 13301: 13297: 13292: 13288: 13286:0-552-08757-2 13282: 13278: 13274: 13273:Slim, William 13270: 13266: 13260: 13256: 13251: 13247: 13242: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13218: 13214: 13208: 13204: 13199: 13195: 13193:0-8153-1883-9 13189: 13186:. Routledge. 13185: 13180: 13176: 13174:0-945274-35-1 13170: 13166: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13140:. Routledge. 13139: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13123: 13119: 13118: 13112: 13108: 13102: 13098: 13093: 13081: 13076: 13072: 13066: 13062: 13058: 13054: 13050: 13048:1-57488-923-0 13044: 13040: 13039: 13033: 13029: 13024: 13020: 13014: 13010: 13005: 13001: 12995: 12991: 12986: 12982: 12976: 12972: 12967: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12933: 12927: 12923: 12922: 12916: 12912: 12907: 12903: 12901:0-19-558376-0 12897: 12893: 12888: 12884: 12879: 12875: 12869: 12865: 12860: 12856: 12850: 12846: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12828: 12822: 12818: 12812: 12808: 12807: 12801: 12797: 12791: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12773:1-874622-21-3 12769: 12765: 12760: 12756: 12754:0-674-00334-9 12750: 12746: 12745: 12740: 12736: 12732: 12727: 12723: 12717: 12713: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12696: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12677: 12673: 12668: 12664: 12658: 12654: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12627: 12623: 12622: 12616: 12612: 12606: 12602: 12597: 12593: 12587: 12583: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12564: 12559: 12555: 12549: 12545: 12540: 12536: 12530: 12526: 12525: 12519: 12515: 12513:0-521-64483-6 12509: 12505: 12500: 12496: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12465: 12461: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12422: 12417: 12413: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12389:0-674-11673-9 12385: 12381: 12380: 12374: 12370: 12368:0-87021-192-7 12364: 12360: 12356: 12351: 12347: 12342: 12338: 12336:0-8032-1708-0 12332: 12328: 12324: 12319: 12315: 12313:0-394-75172-8 12309: 12305: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12286: 12281: 12277: 12271: 12267: 12262: 12258: 12252: 12248: 12243: 12239: 12233: 12229: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12208: 12203: 12199: 12193: 12189: 12184: 12180: 12174: 12170: 12165: 12161: 12155: 12151: 12146: 12142: 12137: 12134:(4 ed.). 12133: 12128: 12124: 12122:0-7864-1204-6 12118: 12115:. McFarland. 12114: 12109: 12105: 12099: 12095: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12076: 12072: 12067: 12063: 12057: 12053: 12048: 12044: 12040: 12035: 12031: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12008: 12002: 11998: 11993: 11989: 11983: 11975: 11970: 11966: 11960: 11956: 11951: 11947: 11941: 11938:. Routledge. 11937: 11932: 11928: 11923: 11919: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11902:. Routledge. 11901: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11882: 11877: 11873: 11867: 11863: 11858: 11854: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11829: 11825: 11820: 11816: 11814:0-460-02474-4 11810: 11806: 11801: 11797: 11791: 11787: 11782: 11781: 11769: 11768:McGibbon 2000 11764: 11757: 11752: 11745: 11740: 11733: 11728: 11721: 11716: 11709: 11704: 11688: 11684: 11680: 11674: 11667: 11662: 11654: 11653: 11645: 11629: 11625: 11618: 11611: 11606: 11599: 11594: 11578: 11574: 11570: 11564: 11548: 11544: 11542: 11534: 11527: 11522: 11513: 11506: 11494: 11490: 11483: 11477:, p. 61. 11476: 11471: 11464: 11459: 11450: 11443: 11439: 11436: 11431: 11422: 11407:on 5 May 2008 11406: 11402: 11396: 11390:, p. 53. 11389: 11384: 11377: 11372: 11363: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11325: 11319: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11298: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11262: 11258: 11251: 11244: 11238: 11231: 11226: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11194: 11192: 11176: 11172: 11165: 11158: 11153: 11151: 11143: 11138: 11131: 11126: 11119: 11114: 11108:, p. 90. 11107: 11102: 11095: 11090: 11084:, p. 43. 11083: 11078: 11062: 11058: 11052: 11045: 11040: 11033: 11028: 11019: 11017: 11009: 11004: 11002: 10985: 10979: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10946: 10942: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10923: 10915: 10909: 10904: 10897: 10891: 10883: 10877: 10873: 10866: 10850: 10846: 10840: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10812: 10805: 10798: 10793: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10762: 10761:Garthoff 1969 10757: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10732: 10725: 10718: 10714: 10709: 10707: 10700:, p. 89. 10699: 10694: 10687: 10686:0-679-44331-2 10683: 10679: 10673: 10666: 10665:World War Two 10662: 10658: 10655: 10649: 10647: 10630: 10626: 10625: 10620: 10614: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10581: 10576: 10574: 10566: 10561: 10554: 10549: 10542: 10537: 10530: 10526: 10522: 10516: 10509: 10504: 10502: 10494: 10489: 10487: 10479: 10475: 10470: 10463: 10458: 10451: 10447: 10442: 10440: 10432: 10427: 10420: 10415: 10408: 10403: 10396: 10391: 10384: 10379: 10372: 10367: 10360: 10355: 10348: 10343: 10336: 10332: 10327: 10320: 10315: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10292: 10285: 10280: 10278: 10270: 10265: 10258: 10253: 10251: 10243: 10238: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10224: 10219: 10212: 10208: 10203: 10196: 10191: 10189: 10179: 10177:1-85285-192-9 10173: 10169: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10158:Towle, Philip 10153: 10151: 10149: 10141: 10136: 10129: 10124: 10117: 10112: 10105: 10102: 10098: 10095: 10089: 10083:, p. 41. 10082: 10077: 10075: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10043: 10037:, p. 31. 10036: 10031: 10029: 10021: 10020:Willmott 2005 10017: 10012: 10006:, p. 50. 10005: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9989:, p. 49. 9988: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9969: 9965: 9960: 9954:, p. 37. 9953: 9952:Willmott 2005 9949: 9944: 9937: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9890: 9886: 9880: 9873: 9868: 9861: 9857: 9852: 9845: 9841: 9836: 9829: 9824: 9818:, p. 15. 9817: 9812: 9810: 9803:, p. 47. 9802: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9782:, p. 46. 9781: 9776: 9774: 9767:, p. 14. 9766: 9761: 9755:, p. 70. 9754: 9749: 9742: 9737: 9730: 9725: 9718: 9713: 9706: 9705:Xiaobing 2012 9701: 9692: 9686:, pp. 37, 106 9685: 9679: 9663: 9659: 9653: 9638: 9634: 9633: 9625: 9618: 9613: 9597: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9574: 9567: 9561: 9554: 9548: 9541: 9540:Reynolds 1974 9536: 9529: 9524: 9518: 9512: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9490: 9483: 9478: 9471: 9466: 9464: 9457: 9454: 9448: 9441: 9436: 9429: 9424: 9422: 9414: 9409: 9402: 9397: 9390: 9385: 9378: 9373: 9366: 9361: 9354: 9348: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9328: 9320: 9315: 9309:, p. 19. 9308: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9285:, p. 28. 9284: 9279: 9272: 9267: 9260: 9255: 9248: 9247:Willmott 2002 9243: 9237:, p. 96. 9236: 9235:Willmott 2002 9231: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9199:, p. 38. 9198: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9182:, p. 37. 9181: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9165:, p. 36. 9164: 9159: 9157: 9150:, p. 55. 9149: 9148:Willmott 2002 9145: 9140: 9134:, p. 55. 9133: 9132:Willmott 2002 9128: 9121: 9116: 9110:, p. 33. 9109: 9104: 9097: 9092: 9086:, p. 34. 9085: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9064: 9059: 9053:, p. 32. 9052: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9041: 9033: 9028: 9021: 9020:Willmott 1983 9016: 9014: 9006: 9001: 8995:, p. 31. 8994: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8914: 8910: 8904: 8895: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8862: 8861:Willmott 2014 8857: 8850: 8849:Willmott 2014 8845: 8843: 8841: 8833: 8828: 8821: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8789: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8715: 8708: 8694: 8690: 8686: 8679: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8632: 8628: 8622: 8615: 8610: 8603: 8598: 8591: 8586: 8570: 8566: 8562: 8556: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8526: 8510: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8488: 8484: 8478: 8462: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8446: 8440:, p. 60. 8439: 8434: 8427: 8422: 8415: 8410: 8408: 8400: 8395: 8389:, p. 28. 8388: 8383: 8381: 8373: 8372:Willmott 1983 8368: 8361: 8356: 8350:, p. 23. 8349: 8344: 8337: 8332: 8325: 8319: 8312: 8307: 8299: 8287: 8282: 8275: 8268: 8263: 8257:, p. 28. 8256: 8251: 8244: 8239: 8232: 8227: 8220: 8215: 8209:, p. 55. 8208: 8203: 8196: 8191: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8164: 8157: 8152: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8128: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8095: 8090: 8083: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8041: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7976: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7940: 7939:Costello 1982 7935: 7929:, p. 26. 7928: 7923: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7899: 7892: 7888: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7867:, p. 19. 7866: 7861: 7854: 7850: 7845: 7838: 7833: 7826: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7799: 7793: 7786: 7781: 7774: 7769: 7767: 7759: 7754: 7745: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7723: 7718: 7716: 7708: 7703: 7701: 7693: 7688: 7672: 7668: 7662: 7655: 7650: 7648: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7619:0-7923-5851-1 7616: 7612: 7611: 7604: 7589: 7585: 7579: 7563: 7557: 7549: 7537: 7524: 7509:on 5 May 2008 7508: 7504: 7498: 7489: 7483:, p. 65. 7482: 7477: 7475: 7466: 7460: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7438: 7433: 7424: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7395: 7389: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7339: 7333: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7317:www.uboat.net 7314: 7309: 7303:, p. 72. 7302: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7278: 7273: 7266: 7261: 7254: 7249: 7242: 7241:Cherevko 2003 7237: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7205:, p. 10. 7204: 7203:Hastings 2008 7199: 7197: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7171: 7164: 7159: 7152: 7147: 7140: 7139:Hastings 2008 7135: 7129:, p. 11. 7128: 7123: 7121: 7113: 7108: 7106: 7104: 7099: 7081: 7077: 7071: 7064: 7058: 7051: 7050:East Timorese 7047: 7040: 7031: 7022: 7011: 7008: 6997: 6994: 6983: 6980: 6969: 6966: 6955: 6952: 6941: 6938: 6927: 6924: 6913: 6910: 6899: 6896: 6895:United States 6885: 6882: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6857: 6847: 6843: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6797: 6790: 6784: 6777: 6771: 6762: 6753: 6744: 6735: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6702: 6697: 6693: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6610: 6603: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6568: 6561:By the Allies 6558: 6556: 6555:comfort women 6547: 6543: 6541: 6540:Death Railway 6535: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6499: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6437: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6322:Lesser Sundas 6321: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6084:Bonin Islands 6083: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6048: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6008: 6006: 6000: 5996: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5972: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5947: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5919:sanko sakusen 5916: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5884: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5844:John W. Dower 5836: 5831: 5825:United States 5812: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5782: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5706:Maoka Landing 5704: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5689: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671:an invasion. 5669: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5628:in the first 5627: 5623: 5617: 5608: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5387: 5385: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5342: 5339: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5304: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5286: 5281: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5257:Mt. Suribachi 5254: 5253:Harry Schmidt 5248: 5246: 5245:Holland Smith 5242: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5217: 5213: 5212:Joe Rosenthal 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119:Ramree Island 5116: 5111: 5106: 5098: 5097:Royal Marines 5094: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5009:Escuadrón 201 5000: 4996: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4968:Lingayen Gulf 4965: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4948:US Sixth Army 4943: 4935: 4931: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4905: 4904:radio silence 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4847: 4842: 4833: 4828: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4627: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4523:at Mount Song 4520: 4516: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4447: 4442: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4332: 4331:friendly fire 4323: 4322: 4317: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4133: 4129: 4127: 4118: 4113: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4097:Xishuangbanna 4094: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4008: 4002: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3915: 3910: 3901: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3886:Tokyo Express 3883: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3765:coastwatchers 3757: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3641:SBD Dauntless 3637: 3635: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3608: 3601:heavy bombers 3600: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3512:and damaging 3511: 3507: 3506: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3451: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3419: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3395:Marcus Island 3392: 3391: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3377:New Caledonia 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3325: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3301:Harry Hopkins 3298: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3156: 3149: 3141: 3136: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3076:Sittang River 3073: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3043:Karel Doorman 3040: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2946:battlecruiser 2943: 2937: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2918: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2786:Southern Plan 2783: 2780:The Japanese 2773: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620:Georgy Zhukov 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2522: 2514: 2509: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2484:Kwantung Army 2481: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2429: 2428:Monsun Gruppe 2423: 2422:raiding ships 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362:of Korea and 2361: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341:puppet states 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2303: 2302:Le Triomphant 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2240:Khmer Issarak 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2125: 2124:Jūgonen Sensō 2113: 2106: 2093: 2086: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2012: 2006: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865:Pacific Ocean 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1698:Syria–Lebanon 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1602:Pacific Ocean 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1571:Eastern Front 1569: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520:Western Front 1518: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1467: 1464:Campaigns of 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1376:Taishō period 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1343:Ryukyu (1879) 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333:Taiwan (1874) 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1322: 1317: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210:Kuril Islands 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1093:North America 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086:Borneo (1945) 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 996: 995: 992: 989: 987: 986: 982: 980: 979: 975: 973: 972: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 922: 919: 916: 915: 912: 909: 907: 906:Bay of Bengal 904: 900: 897: 896: 895: 892: 890: 887: 883: 880: 879: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 866: 863: 862: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 823: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 805: 802: 801: 798: 793: 785: 780: 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29: 22: 19191:Other topics 19027: 18967: 18870:Taishō Roman 18624:Conscription 18594: 18586: 18561:Armed Forces 18421:(ministries) 18321:Charter Oath 18316:Constitution 18198:State Shinto 18181:Essentialism 18131:Demographics 18064: 17695:World War II 17640:Bibliography 17623: 17436:Project Hula 17401:Vistula–Oder 17370: 17303: 17294: 17278: 17248: 17197: 17181: 17172: 17163: 17129: 17026: 16941: 16917: 16887: 16638: 16531: 16476:North Africa 16178:Soviet Union 16132:Soviet Union 16058:Soviet Union 15826:Vatican City 15736:Vichy France 15641:German Reich 15538:Soviet Union 15524:South Africa 15517:Sierra Leone 15470:Newfoundland 15289:Participants 15272:Marocchinate 14976: 14967: 14937: 14815:North Africa 14776:Indian Ocean 14754: 14635:Nazi plunder 14526:Cryptography 14399:World War II 14290: 14274: 14258: 14242: 14226: 14224:Toll, Ian W. 14214: 14204: 14197: 14179: 14171: 14164: 14157: 14150: 14132: 14113: 14105: 14098: 14091: 14084: 14077: 14066: 14057: 14036: 14018: 13997: 13974: 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New York: 13828: 13803: 13799: 13780: 13771: 13748: 13740: 13722: 13714: 13710: 13702: 13693: 13672: 13643: 13634: 13633: 13615: 13602:. Retrieved 13591:. Abc-Clio. 13587: 13577: 13556: 13535: 13516: 13496: 13476: 13457: 13438: 13419: 13400: 13380: 13360: 13338:(1): 66–74. 13335: 13331: 13323: 13313: 13295: 13276: 13254: 13245: 13233:. Retrieved 13229: 13225: 13202: 13183: 13164: 13136: 13126: 13115: 13096: 13084:. Retrieved 13060: 13037: 13027: 13008: 12989: 12970: 12945: 12941: 12920: 12910: 12891: 12882: 12863: 12844: 12826: 12805: 12785: 12763: 12743: 12730: 12711: 12694: 12675: 12671: 12652: 12643: 12620: 12603:. Casemate. 12600: 12581: 12562: 12543: 12523: 12503: 12480: 12468: 12443: 12439: 12420: 12401: 12378: 12358: 12345: 12325:. Nebraska: 12322: 12303: 12284: 12265: 12246: 12227: 12213:(1): 51–65. 12210: 12206: 12187: 12168: 12149: 12140: 12131: 12112: 12093: 12075:M. E. Sharpe 12070: 12054:. Springer. 12051: 12042: 12038: 12015: 11996: 11973: 11954: 11935: 11926: 11899: 11880: 11864:. AB&B. 11861: 11852: 11827: 11823: 11804: 11785: 11763: 11751: 11739: 11727: 11715: 11703: 11691:. Retrieved 11687:the original 11682: 11673: 11661: 11651: 11644: 11632:. Retrieved 11617: 11605: 11593: 11581:. Retrieved 11572: 11563: 11551:. Retrieved 11540: 11533: 11521: 11512: 11504: 11497:. Retrieved 11482: 11470: 11458: 11449: 11430: 11421: 11409:. Retrieved 11405:the original 11395: 11383: 11376:Russell 1997 11371: 11362: 11318: 11297: 11289: 11285: 11276: 11264:. Retrieved 11261:warmuseum.ca 11260: 11250: 11242: 11237: 11225: 11213:. Retrieved 11204: 11178:. Retrieved 11174: 11164: 11159:, p. 4. 11137: 11125: 11113: 11101: 11089: 11077: 11065:. Retrieved 11060: 11051: 11039: 11027: 10988:. Retrieved 10978: 10966:. Retrieved 10961: 10952: 10922: 10903: 10895: 10890: 10871: 10865: 10853:. Retrieved 10839: 10829:27 September 10827:. Retrieved 10814: 10804: 10792: 10780: 10768: 10756: 10744:. Retrieved 10735: 10730: 10724: 10717:Cleaver 2018 10693: 10677: 10672: 10664: 10633:. Retrieved 10622: 10613: 10601:. Retrieved 10587: 10560: 10548: 10536: 10515: 10478:Cleaver 2018 10469: 10457: 10426: 10414: 10407:Cleaver 2018 10402: 10390: 10383:Cleaver 2018 10378: 10371:Cleaver 2018 10366: 10354: 10342: 10335:Cleaver 2018 10331:Hopkins 2010 10326: 10314: 10296: 10291: 10264: 10218: 10211:Hopkins 2010 10202: 10195:Hopkins 2010 10162: 10135: 10123: 10111: 10103: 10088: 10061:. Retrieved 10052: 10042: 10035:Cleaver 2018 10011: 9968:Peattie 2007 9959: 9948:Peattie 2007 9943: 9936:Y'Blood 1981 9931: 9919:. Retrieved 9915:the original 9905: 9893:. Retrieved 9879: 9872:Hopkins 2010 9867: 9856:Hopkins 2010 9851: 9840:Hopkins 2010 9835: 9828:Hopkins 2010 9823: 9816:Y'Blood 1981 9765:Y'Blood 1981 9760: 9748: 9736: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9691: 9683: 9678: 9666:. Retrieved 9662:the original 9652: 9641:, retrieved 9631: 9624: 9612: 9600:. Retrieved 9585: 9573: 9565: 9560: 9552: 9547: 9535: 9523: 9511: 9503:the original 9498: 9489: 9477: 9455: 9452: 9447: 9435: 9413:Parillo 1993 9408: 9396: 9384: 9372: 9360: 9352: 9347: 9338: 9314: 9302: 9290: 9283:Schoppa 2011 9278: 9266: 9254: 9242: 9230: 9218:. Retrieved 9204: 9139: 9127: 9115: 9103: 9091: 9058: 9027: 9000: 8969:. Retrieved 8965:the original 8955: 8943:. Retrieved 8929: 8917:. Retrieved 8903: 8894: 8882:. Retrieved 8868: 8856: 8827: 8820:Peattie 2007 8815: 8803:. Retrieved 8788: 8776:. Retrieved 8767: 8757: 8745:. Retrieved 8736: 8726: 8719:Peattie 2007 8714: 8697:. Retrieved 8688: 8678: 8666:. Retrieved 8657: 8647: 8635:. Retrieved 8621: 8614:Peattie 2007 8609: 8597: 8585: 8573:. Retrieved 8564: 8555: 8543:. Retrieved 8534: 8525: 8513:. Retrieved 8504: 8495: 8487:the original 8477: 8465:. Retrieved 8454: 8445: 8438:Parillo 1993 8433: 8421: 8394: 8367: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8323: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8296:– via 8290:. Retrieved 8285: 8274: 8262: 8250: 8238: 8226: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8181: 8175: 8163: 8151: 8144:Harmsen 2015 8139: 8132:Harmsen 2013 8127: 8115:. Retrieved 8111:the original 8101: 8094:Sandler 2001 8089: 8082:Sandler 2001 8077: 8068: 8044:. Retrieved 8034: 8022:. Retrieved 8017: 8008: 7996:. Retrieved 7992:the original 7982: 7970: 7963:Takemae 2003 7958: 7946: 7934: 7922: 7917:, p. 1. 7915:MacLeod 1999 7910: 7898: 7890: 7877: 7872: 7860: 7844: 7832: 7820: 7808: 7800: 7792: 7780: 7753: 7744: 7739:, p. 1. 7687: 7675:. Retrieved 7671:the original 7661: 7634:. Retrieved 7625: 7608: 7603: 7591:. Retrieved 7587: 7578: 7566:. Retrieved 7556: 7511:. Retrieved 7497: 7488: 7454: 7448: 7432: 7423: 7402: 7359: 7337: 7332: 7325:Chinese Navy 7308: 7296: 7284: 7272: 7260: 7248: 7236: 7224:. Retrieved 7219: 7210: 7183: 7175: 7170: 7158: 7146: 7134: 7070: 7057: 7039: 7030: 6951:Soviet Union 6865: 6856: 6846: 6832: 6816:Erich Raeder 6809: 6796: 6783: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6734: 6725: 6708: 6696: 6620:Japan portal 6597: 6585: 6570: 6552: 6536: 6517: 6506: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6045: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5981: 5975: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5952: 5941:Commonwealth 5918: 5865: 5849: 5840: 5790: 5780: 5760: 5753: 5690: 5681: 5676: 5673: 5665: 5662:Soviet entry 5619: 5602:Atomic bombs 5577: 5568:Curtis LeMay 5558: 5535: 5496: 5488:North Borneo 5477: 5465:US 7th Fleet 5450: 5433:Borneo, 1945 5407: 5388: 5384:Shuri castle 5380: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5360: 5355: 5346: 5343: 5335: 5320: 5309: 5290: 5268: 5260: 5249: 5238: 5221: 5205: 5177: 5172: 5165: 5157:XXXIII Corps 5146: 5135: 5115:West African 5112: 5108: 5073:Final stages 5048: 5025: 5005: 4984: 4961: 4945: 4908: 4895: 4885: 4863: 4857: 4853:Takeo Kurita 4850: 4838: 4815: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4765: 4763: 4744: 4738: 4713: 4666: 4658: 4646: 4614:Mobile Fleet 4605: 4595: 4544: 4512: 4500: 4480: 4457: 4419: 4405: 4401: 4376: 4373: 4365: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4327: 4320: 4314: 4280: 4254: 4242: 4208: 4200:Bougainville 4153: 4130: 4122: 4090: 4074:William Slim 4043: 4031: 4018:Akyab island 4011: 4004: 3986:and General 3966: 3948:, spreading 3939: 3924: 3898: 3879: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3804: 3793: 3785:Eighth Fleet 3762: 3741:Kokoda Track 3738: 3718:Kokoda Track 3704: 3679: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3630: 3621:codebreakers 3618: 3614:Operation AL 3610: 3593: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3536:operational— 3534: 3530:MO Operation 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3470:codebreakers 3464: 3456:MO Operation 3455: 3450:MO Operation 3448: 3446: 3439: 3407: 3389: 3381: 3341: 3334: 3294: 3269: 3265:Port Moresby 3258: 3231: 3217: 3193: 3160: 3151: 3126:offensives. 3124: 3069: 3063: 3051: 3036: 3025: 2993: 2970: 2960: 2950: 2938: 2927: 2907: 2895: 2878: 2815: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2779: 2765:nationalists 2754: 2742: 2735: 2716: 2708:Wang Jingwei 2701: 2682: 2651: 2632:Vichy France 2613: 2598: 2594:invade Wuhan 2583: 2559:lent support 2532: 2473: 2462: 2439: 2404: 2360:its colonies 2357: 2318: 2307: 2301: 2287: 2248: 2153: 2137:Participants 2111: 2085:Nisshi Jihen 2072: 2047: 2045: 2034: 2030: 2027:World War II 2020: 1984: 1967:Europe first 1940: 1893: 1869:Indian Ocean 1861:World War II 1852: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1783: 1782: 1771:Indian Ocean 1732:Ecuador–Peru 1720: 1719: 1689:Middle East 1663:North Africa 1651: 1650: 1590:Asia-Pacific 1589: 1588: 1587: 1475: 1466:World War II 1421: 1400:Shōwa period 1398: 1397: 1374: 1373: 1368:Korea (1910) 1327:Meiji period 1325: 1268: 1267: 1242: 1222: 1188: 1135: 1130:Project Hula 1115:Fort Stevens 1044: 984: 977: 970: 858:Ocean Island 821: 811:Pearl Harbor 791: 742: 712: 694: 664: 495:Axis leaders 492: 444: 431:Participants 429: 428:See section 402: 396:Participants 394: 393:See section 341: 336:Belligerents 324:Soviet Union 277:retrocession 264: 238:Indian Ocean 154: 128: 58:World War II 43: 19279:Pacific War 19233:Shōwa Modan 19208:Hakkō ichiu 19145:Philippines 19032:after 1943) 19010:Territories 18968:Pacific War 18833:World War I 18709:Air Service 18649:Air Service 18522:Gozen Kaigi 18238:(Yoshihito) 18230:(Mutsuhito) 18176:Nationalism 18121:Agriculture 18065:Pacific War 17371:Bodenplatte 17257:Gothic Line 16483:West Africa 16030:Philippines 16009:Netherlands 15874:Czech lands 15812:Switzerland 15756:Afghanistan 15707:Philippines 15575:Puerto Rico 15491:Philippines 15477:New Zealand 15463:Netherlands 15416:Free France 15167:Prosecution 14968:Osoaviakhim 14838:West Africa 14822:East Africa 14469:Conferences 14106:Bull Halsey 13870:Alvin, Coox 13279:. Cassell. 12640:He, Yingqin 12621:Retribution 12268:. Archway. 11744:Tanaka 2003 11720:Selden 2007 11666:Dauria 2014 11598:Himeta 1995 11266:2 September 11215:24 February 11180:1 September 11142:Banham 2005 11130:Nesbit 2009 11082:Himeta 1995 11044:Rummel 1991 10962:China Daily 10847:. Wanpela. 10773:Toland 2003 10713:Gailey 2011 10580:Selden 2008 10565:Hanson 2004 10553:Skates 1994 10493:Wilson 1982 10474:Gailey 2011 10462:Yahara 1997 10446:Gailey 2011 10431:Gailey 2011 10284:Gailey 2011 10257:Gailey 2011 10207:Gailey 2011 10104:BBC History 10047:Klemen, L. 10016:Stille 2014 10004:Stille 2014 9987:Stille 2014 9964:Stille 2014 9860:Gailey 2011 9844:Gailey 2011 9801:Stille 2014 9780:Stille 2014 9553:Broken Seal 9470:Roscoe 1958 9440:Roscoe 1949 9295:Tanaka 1996 9220:15 December 9197:Stille 2014 9180:Stille 2014 9163:Stille 2014 9144:Stille 2014 9084:Stille 2014 9063:Stille 2014 9051:Stille 2014 9032:Stille 2014 9005:Jansen 2002 8993:Stille 2014 8602:Barber 2010 8387:Stille 2014 8348:Stille 2014 8267:Rummel 1991 8231:Jansen 2002 8219:Garver 1988 7975:Jansen 2002 7815:, Table 5A. 7813:Rummel 1991 7801:Japan Focus 7737:McLynn 2010 7356:Yuki Tanaka 7301:Jowett 2005 7007:New Zealand 6965:Netherlands 6937:Philippines 6820:Karl Dönitz 6658:Nanshin-ron 6210:Philippines 6025:Guadalcanal 5867:China Daily 5862:state media 5767:his Cabinet 5622:atomic bomb 5572:firebombing 5532:, June 1945 5494:on 1 July. 5394:China, 1945 5352:Seiichi Itō 5291:Bunker Hill 5028:Eighth Army 5021:Hiroo Onoda 4980:Clark Field 4911:Cape Engaño 4892:Sibuyan Sea 4547:Operation Z 4446:M3A3 Stuart 4354:Vladivostok 4295:Trincomalee 4119:, June 1943 4093:Phayap Army 3773:Guadalcanal 3751:Guadalcanal 3520:. Although 3352:New Britain 3283:launched a 3226:John Curtin 3200:John Curtin 3130:Philippines 2838:Wake Island 2636:Axis Powers 2563:in Shanghai 2376:Philippines 2297:Free France 2253:with Japan 2200:New Zealand 1994:possessions 1951:Axis powers 1912:Wake Island 1845:Pacific War 1754:Air Warfare 1668:East Africa 1255:Mutanchiang 1076:New Britain 792:Pacific War 724:39 cruisers 521:Hideki Tojo 300:Cession of 259:Territorial 155:Bunker Hill 134:US marines 51:Pacific War 19273:Categories 18997:Occupation 18825:Taishō era 18770:Boshin War 18614:War crimes 18410:Government 18386:Tonarigumi 18293:Privy Seal 18288:State Seal 18246:(Hirohito) 18171:Militarism 18126:Censorship 17471:West Hunan 17304:Pointblank 16640:Silver Fox 16626:Summer War 16379:Winter War 16358:Phoney War 16139:Azerbaijan 16100:Yugoslavia 15995:Luxembourg 15837:Resistance 15584:Yugoslavia 15449:Luxembourg 15251:Sook Ching 15047:War crimes 14649:Technology 14642:Opposition 14584:Lend-Lease 14561:Australian 14554:Home front 14512:Blitzkrieg 14462:Casualties 14453:Commanders 14425:Operations 13099:. Morrow. 12703:1171226366 12073:. Armonk: 11732:Dower 1993 11708:Rauch 2002 11583:1 December 11553:31 October 11463:Gruhl 2007 11067:8 November 10990:2 December 10968:2 December 10908:Dower 1986 10855:31 October 10797:Asada 1998 10746:1 December 10698:Frank 2007 10116:Allen 1984 10063:22 October 9895:23 October 9717:Allen 1984 9668:6 December 9617:Blair 1975 9602:31 October 9578:Blair 1975 9482:Blair 1975 9428:Blair 1975 9377:Allen 1984 9365:Allen 1984 9351:Agar, Jon 8637:31 October 8156:Olsen 2012 8117:31 October 7998:31 October 7865:Gruhl 2007 7707:Gruhl 2007 7677:31 October 7654:Dower 1993 7593:1 December 7568:31 October 7544:|url= 7481:Gruhl 2007 7439:. For the 7388:Dower 1986 7289:Meyer 1997 7222:. HyperWar 7090:References 6967:9,400 dead 6475:War crimes 6429:2,121,000 6378:New Guinea 5815:Casualties 5492:Balikpapan 5411:He Yingqin 5327:Tenth Army 5184:Tenasserim 5077:See also: 5034:, between 4888:Brunei Bay 4389:US Customs 3871:Enterprise 3843:Enterprise 3771:landed on 3769:US Marines 3714:battalions 3685:Kido Butai 3563:Enterprise 3348:New Guinea 3270:President 3171:Corregidor 3140:Corregidor 3112:Burma Road 3100:Sun Li-jen 3090:defending 2956:battleship 2549:suspended 2257:and again 2244:Hukbalahap 2242:, and the 1887:, and the 1855:, was the 1795:Yugoslavia 1776:Madagascar 1739:Antarctica 1710:Dodecanese 1530:Resistance 1498:Winter War 1488:Phoney War 1200:Sagami Bay 1189:Starvation 1071:New Guinea 748:1,000,000+ 676:2 cruisers 644:and other 545:14,000,000 218:South Asia 19198:Sonnō jōi 19150:Singapore 19135:Hong Kong 19097:Azad Hind 19072:Mengjiang 19067:Manchukuo 19041:Kantō-shū 18983:Surrender 18895:Shōwa era 18880:Truku War 18751:Meiji era 18719:Tokkeitai 18684:Kempeitai 18595:Senjinkun 18512:Daijō-kan 18475:Munitions 18356:Mokusatsu 18146:Education 17714:Manchukuo 17536:Manchuria 17422:Indochina 17198:Bagration 16649:Lithuania 16294:Anschluss 16091:Viet Minh 15988:Lithuania 15930:Hong Kong 15700:Manchukuo 15655:Azad Hind 15314:Australia 15114:Aftermath 14977:Paperclip 14872:Aftermath 14672:Total war 14540:Diplomacy 14503:In Europe 14285:. (2005). 13820:161822140 13619:. Wiley. 13352:161326427 13127:Pig Boats 12962:144491081 11982:cite book 11788:. Diane. 11526:Hara 2011 11475:Marr 1995 11388:Coox 1973 11309:and 1939 11230:Long 1963 10635:15 August 10541:Grey 1999 10140:Slim 1956 9729:Slim 1956 9568:, p. 323. 9528:Boyd 1979 9389:Slim 1956 9355:, p. 281. 9271:Ch'i 1992 8575:3 October 8545:3 October 8255:Lind 2010 8195:Drea 2005 8046:25 August 8042:. 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