Burma campaign - Knowledge

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evacuate wounded. The campaign was also politically complex, with the British, the United States and the Chinese all having different strategic priorities. It was also the only land campaign by the Western Allies in the Pacific Theatre which proceeded continuously from the start of hostilities to the end of the war. This was due to its geographical location. By extending from South East Asia to India, its area included some lands which the British lost at the outset of the war, but also included areas of India wherein the Japanese advance was eventually stopped. The climate of the region is dominated by the seasonal

67: 757: 198: 884: 541: 529: 318: 277: 4868: 4756: 235: 900: 811: 780: 384: 223: 331: 748: 703: 4002: 290: 363: 4998: 838: 517: 505: 493: 306: 4535: 4905:'s Twenty-Eighth Army was not ready to start the break-out until 17 July. The break-out was a disaster. The British had placed ambushes or artillery concentrations on the routes the Japanese were to use. Hundreds of men drowned trying to cross the swollen Sittang on improvised bamboo floats and rafts. Burmese guerrillas and bandits killed stragglers east of the river. The break-out cost the Japanese nearly 10,000 men, half the strength of Twenty-Eighth Army. British and Indian casualties were minimal. 732: 712: 4898:, a range of low jungle-covered hills between the Irrawaddy and Sittang rivers. They planned to break out and rejoin Burma Area Army. To cover this break-out, Kimura ordered Thirty-Third Army to mount a diversionary offensive across the Sittang, although the entire army could muster the strength of barely a regiment. On 3 July, they attacked British positions in the "Sittang Bend". On 10 July, after a battle for country which was almost entirely flooded, both the Japanese and the Allies withdrew. 4984: 739: 719: 863: 481: 469: 457: 445: 156: 172: 606: 4064:

ability to overcome strongly constructed Japanese bunkers. Repeated British and Indian attacks failed with heavy casualties. Japanese reinforcements arrived from Central Burma and crossed rivers and mountain ranges which the Allies had declared to be impassable, to hit the Allies' exposed left flank and overrun several units. The exhausted British were unable to hold any defensive lines and were forced to abandon much equipment and fall back almost to the Indian frontier.

798: 639: 626: 399: 933: 820: 653: 411: 6707: 789: 766: 553: 343: 4079:. Some 3,000 men entered Burma in many columns. They damaged communications of the Japanese in northern Burma, cutting the railway for possibly two weeks but they suffered heavy casualties. Though the results were questioned the operation was used to propaganda effect, particularly to insist that British and Indian soldiers could live, move and fight as effectively as the Japanese in the jungle, doing much to restore morale among Allied troops. 921: 677: 665: 423: 4052:, which may have led to 3 million deaths through starvation, disease and exposure. In such conditions of chaos, it was difficult to improve the inadequate lines of communication to the front line in Assam or make use of local industries for the war effort. Efforts to improve the training of Allied troops took time and in forward areas poor morale and endemic disease combined to reduce the strength and effectiveness of the fighting units. 4180: 4970: 3640:, and British Empire forces peaked at around 1 million land and air forces. These forces were drawn primarily from British India, with British Army forces (equivalent to eight regular infantry divisions and six tank regiments), 100,000 East and West African colonial troops, and smaller numbers of land and air forces from several other Dominions and Colonies. These additional forces allowed the 4715:, now consisting of IV Corps and XXXIII Corps, made the main offensive effort into Burma. Although the Japanese retreat over the Irrawaddy forced the Allies to completely change their plans, such was the Allies' material superiority that this was done. IV Corps was switched in secret from the right to the left flank of the army and aimed to cross the Irrawaddy near 4449: 3660:, prolonged the campaign and divided it into four phases: the Japanese invasion, which led to the expulsion of British, Indian and Chinese forces in 1942; failed attempts by the Allies to mount offensives into Burma, from late 1942 to early 1944; the 1944 Japanese invasion of India, which ultimately failed following the battles 3987:. The Chinese troops could not retreat because the routes to Yunnan were controlled by Axis forces and many Chinese soldiers were captured. The Thais remained in control of the Shan States for the remainder of the war. Their troops suffered from supply shortages and disease, but were not subjected to Allied attacks. 4464:. There were indications that a major Japanese offensive was building. Slim and Scoones planned to withdraw and force the Japanese to fight with their logistics stretched beyond the limit. However, they misjudged the date on which the Japanese were to attack, and the strength they would use against some objectives. 4946:

The attempted Japanese invasion of India in 1944 was launched on unrealistic premises as after the Singapore debacle and the loss of Burma in 1942, the British were bound to defend India at all costs. A successful invasion by Japanese Imperial forces would have been disastrous. The defence operations

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From December 1943 to November 1944 the strategic balance of the Burma campaign shifted decisively. Improvements in Allied leadership, training and logistics, together with greater firepower and growing Allied air superiority, gave Allied forces a confidence they had previously lacked. In the Arakan,

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and the Chinese force. The Allies were also faced with growing numbers of Burmese insurgents and the civil administration broke down in the areas they still held. With their forces cut off from almost all sources of supply, the Allied commanders finally decided to evacuate their forces from Burma. On

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American goals in Burma had been to aid the Nationalist Chinese regime. Apart from the "Hump" airlift, these bore no fruit until so near the end of the war that they made little contribution to the defeat of Japan. These efforts have also been criticised as fruitless because of the self-interest and

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landed by ship the next day. When they arrived they discovered that Kimura had ordered Rangoon to be evacuated, starting on 22 April. After the Japanese withdrawal, Yangon had experienced an orgy of looting and lawlessness similar to the last days of the British in the city in 1942. On the afternoon

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The Japanese tried first to relieve the garrison at Meiktila and then to recapture the town and destroy its defenders. Their attacks were not properly coordinated and were repulsed. By the end of March the Japanese had suffered heavy casualties and lost most of their artillery, their chief anti-tank

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Mutaguchi (and Kawabe) continued to order renewed attacks. 33rd Division and Yamamoto Force made repeated efforts, but by the end of June they had suffered so many casualties both from battle and disease that they were unable to make any progress. The Imphal operation was finally broken off early in

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By the end of the first week in April, IV Corps had concentrated in the Imphal plain. The Japanese launched several offensives during the month, which were repulsed. At the start of May, Slim and Scoones began a counter-offensive against the Japanese 15th Division north of Imphal. Progress was slow,

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XXXIII Corps mounted Fourteenth Army's secondary drive down the Irrawaddy River valley against stiff resistance from the Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army. IV Corps made the main attack down the "Railway Valley", which was also followed by the Sittaung River. They began by striking at a Japanese delaying

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In Arakan, XV Corps resumed its advance on Akyab Island for the third year in succession. This time the Japanese were far weaker, and retreated before the steady Allied advance. They evacuated Akyab Island on 31 December 1944. It was occupied by XV Corps without resistance on 3 January 1945 as part

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The Japanese Fifteenth Army consisted of three infantry divisions and a brigade-sized detachment ("Yamamoto Force"), and initially a regiment from the Indian National Army. Mutaguchi, the Army commander, planned to cut off and destroy the forward divisions of IV Corps before capturing Imphal, while

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It was the greatest defeat to that date in Japanese history. They had suffered 50–60,000 dead, and 100,000 or more casualties. Most of these losses were the result of disease, malnutrition and exhaustion. The Allies suffered 12,500 casualties, including 2,269 killed. Mutaguchi had already relieved

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By now, the Japanese were at the end of their endurance. Their troops (particularly 15th and 31st Divisions) were starving, and during the monsoon, disease spread rapidly among them. Lieutenant-General Sato had notified Mutaguchi that his division would withdraw from Kohima at the end of May if it

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intended to reoccupy the Mayu peninsula and Akyab Island, which had an important airfield. A division advanced to Donbaik, only a few miles from the end of the peninsula but was halted by a small but well entrenched Japanese force. At this stage of the war, the Allies lacked the means and tactical

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in India, just before the monsoon broke in May 1942, having lost most of their equipment and transport. There, they found themselves living out in the open under torrential rains in extremely unhealthy circumstances. The army and civil authorities in India were very slow to respond to the needs of

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In the face of the Japanese advances, huge numbers of Indians, Anglo-Indians, and Anglo-Burmese fled Burma, around 600,000 by the autumn of 1942, which was until then the largest mass migration in history. Perhaps 80,000 of those in flight would die from starvation, exhaustion and disease. Some of

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Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon to the last man through the monsoon, which would put Fourteenth Army in a disastrous supply situation. He therefore asked for Operation Dracula to be re-mounted at short notice. The naval forces for the attack on Phuket were diverted to Operation

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During January and February 1945, XXXIII Corps seized crossings over the Irrawaddy River near Mandalay. There was heavy fighting, which attracted Japanese reserves and fixed their attention. Late in February, the 7th Indian Division leading IV Corps, seized crossings at Nyaungu near Pakokku. 17th

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The original conception of the plan to re-take Burma had envisaged XV Corps making an amphibious assault on Rangoon well before Fourteenth Army reached the capital, in order to ease supply problems. This operation, codenamed Operation Dracula, was postponed several times as the necessary landing

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Also on 17 May, a force of two Chinese regiments, Unit Galahad (Merrill's Marauders) and Kachin guerrillas captured the airfield at Myitkyina. The Allies did not immediately follow up this success and the Japanese were able to reinforce the town, which fell only after a siege that lasted until 3

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The campaign had a number of notable features. The geographical characteristics of the region meant that weather, disease and terrain had a major effect on operations. The lack of transport infrastructure placed an emphasis on military engineering and air transport to move and supply troops, and

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On 17 May, control of the Chindits passed from Slim to Stilwell. The Chindits now moved from the Japanese rear areas to new bases closer to Stilwell's front, and were given additional tasks by Stilwell for which they were not equipped. They achieved several objectives, but at the cost of heavy

4160:. Orde Wingate had controversially gained approval for a greatly expanded Chindit force, which was given the task of assisting Stilwell by disrupting the Japanese lines of supply to the northern front. Chiang Kai-shek had also agreed reluctantly to mount an offensive from the Yunnan. 4767:

Though the Allied force had advanced successfully into central Burma, it was vital to capture the port of Rangoon before the monsoon to avoid a logistics crisis. In the spring of 1945, the other factor in the race for Rangoon was the years of preparation by the liaison organisation,

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from the north but because the diversionary attack launched by Japanese in Arakan had already been defeated, Slim was able to move the 5th Indian Division by air to the Central Front. Two brigades went to Imphal, the other went to Dimapur from where it sent a detachment to Kohima.

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to relieve the defenders of the box. Although battle casualties were approximately equal, the result was a heavy Japanese defeat. Their infiltration and encirclement tactics had failed to panic Allied troops and as the Japanese were unable to capture enemy supplies, they starved.

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who commanded the army stationed in the country, ultimately doomed the co-prosperity sphere as a whole, leading to local hopes for real independence fading and a revolt by the Burma National Army in 1945. On the Allied side, political relations were mixed for much of the war. The

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After the war ended, a combination of the pre-war agitation among the Bamar population for independence and the economic ruin of Burma during the four-year campaign made it impossible for the former regime to be resumed. Within three years both Burma and India were independent.

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SEAC had to accommodate several rival plans, many of which had to be dropped for lack of resources. Amphibious landings on the Andaman Islands (Operation "Pigstick") and in Arakan were abandoned when the landing craft assigned were recalled to Europe in preparation for the

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from 5 to 23 February, the Japanese concentrated on XV Corps' Administrative Area, defended mainly by line of communication troops but they were unable to deal with tanks supporting the defenders, while troops from 5th Indian Division broke through the

3804:, initially consisting of only two infantry divisions, moved into northern Thailand (which had signed a treaty of friendship with Japan), and launched an attack over jungle-clad mountain ranges into the southern Burmese province of Tenasserim (now 4689: 3909:

The retreat was conducted in very difficult circumstances. Starving refugees, disorganised stragglers, and the sick and wounded clogged the primitive roads and tracks leading to India. Burma Corps managed to make it most of the way to

4669:, commanding NCAC, to halt his advance at Lashio, which was captured on 7 March. This was a blow to British plans as it endangered the prospects of reaching Yangon before the onset of the monsoon, expected at the beginning of May. 4735:

followed them across and struck for Meiktila. In the open terrain of Central Burma, this force outmanoeuvred the Japanese and fell on Meiktila on 1 March. The town was captured in four days, despite resistance to the last man.

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and NCAC and XV Corps were placed directly under this new headquarters. Although the Allies were still attempting to complete the Ledo Road, it was apparent that it would not materially affect the course of the war in China.

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were not supplied. In spite of orders to hold on, Sato did indeed retreat. The leading troops of IV Corps and XXXIII Corps met at Milestone 109 on the Dimapur-Imphal road on 22 June, and the siege of Imphal was raised.

4328:) mounted an attack starting in the second half of April, with nearly 75,000 troops crossing the Salween river on a 300-kilometre (190 mi) front. Soon some twelve Chinese divisions of 175,000 men, under General 4236:("March on Delhi"). Both Bose and Mutaguchi emphasised the advantages which would be gained by a successful attack into India. With misgivings on the part of several of Mutaguchi's superiors and subordinates, 3934:. After recuperating they were re-equipped and retrained by American instructors. The rest of the Chinese troops tried to return to Yunnan through remote mountainous forests and of these, at least half died. 4664:

NCAC made contact with Chiang's Yunnan armies on 21 January 1945, and the Ledo road could finally be completed, although by this point in the war its value was uncertain. Chiang ordered the American General

3846:, nevertheless ordered Rangoon to be held as he was expecting substantial reinforcements from the Middle East. Although some units arrived, counterattacks failed and the new commander of Burma Army (General 4589:

The Allies launched a series of offensive operations into Burma during late 1944 and the first half of 1945. The command on the front was rearranged in November 1944. Eleventh Army Group HQ was replaced by

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from Tamu, the 5th Indian Division advanced along the mountainous Tiddim road. By the end of November, Kalewa had been recaptured, and several bridgeheads were established on the east bank of the Chindwin.

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On the Allied side, operations in Burma over the remainder of 1942 and in 1943 were a study of military frustration. Britain could only maintain three active campaigns, and immediate offensives in both the

4935: 4788:. The attackers were initially halted by a strong defensive position behind a dry waterway, but a flanking move by tanks and mechanised infantry struck the Japanese from the rear and shattered them. 4602:. Kimura threw Allied plans into confusion by refusing to fight at the Chindwin River. Recognising that most of his formations were weak and short of equipment, he withdrew his forces behind the 4531:

began a counter-offensive and by 15 May, they had prised the Japanese off Kohima Ridge itself. After a pause during which more Allied reinforcements arrived, XXXIII Corps renewed its offensive.

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and Far East proved impossible through lack of resources. The Middle East was accorded priority, being closer to home and in accordance with the "Germany First" policy in London and Washington.

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Due to lack of communication, when the British retreated from Burma, almost none of the Chinese knew about the retreat. Realising that they could not win without British support, some of the

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Combined Arms Research Library, Department of the Army. 25 June 1953. P. 76. Includes 1,466 "battle deaths" (1,121 killed in action) and 123 who died of wounds, for a total of 1,589 killed.

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for the transport aircraft which had been assigned to NCAC to remain in Burma. From 1 April, NCAC's operations stopped, and its units returned to China and India. A US-led guerrilla force,

3835:, but Japanese parties reached the vital bridge before they did. On 22 February, the bridge was demolished to prevent its capture, a decision that has since been extremely contentious. 5150: 3850:), ordered the city to be evacuated on 7 March after its port and oil refinery had been destroyed. The remnants of Burma Army broke out to the north, narrowly escaping encirclement. 4950:

The American historian Raymond Callahan concluded "Slim's great victory ... helped the British, unlike the French, Dutch or, later, the Americans, to leave Asia with some dignity".

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infiltrated through the Japanese front lines and marched deep into Burma, with the initial aim of cutting the main north–south railway in Burma in an operation codenamed Operation

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crossed the border into the Shan States on 10 May 1942. Three Thai infantry division and one cavalry division, spearheaded by armoured reconnaissance groups and supported by the

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on NCAC's right flank made contact with units of Fourteenth Army near Indaw in Northern Burma. Five days later, Chinese troops on the command's left flank captured the city of

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withstood, and then broke, a Japanese counterstrike, while the Japanese invasion of India resulted in unbearably heavy losses and the ejection of the Japanese back beyond the

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Over the next few weeks, XV Corps' offensive ended as the Allies concentrated on the Central Front. After capturing the railway tunnels, XV Corps halted during the monsoon.

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Generally, the recovery of Burma is reckoned as a triumph for the British Indian Army and resulted in the greatest defeat the Japanese armies had suffered to that date.

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In accordance with the Thai military alliance with Japan that was signed on 21 December 1941, on 21 March, the Thais and Japanese also agreed that the Karenni State and

3788:(now known as Yangon), the capital and principal seaport. This would close the overland supply line to China and provide a strategic bulwark to defend Japanese gains in 3983:

later in the war, ordered the 3rd Division of the Phayap Army from the southern part of the Shan State to occupy Karenni State and expel the Chinese 55th Division from

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rains, which allowed effective campaigning for only just over half of each year. This, together with other factors such as famine and disorder in British India and the

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XXXIII Corps had renewed its attack on Mandalay. It fell to 19th Indian Division on 20 March, though the Japanese held the former citadel which the British called

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valley. If this could be achieved, the lines of communication to General Stilwell's forces and the airbases used to supply the Chinese over the Hump would be cut.

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Unlike previous occasions on which this had happened, the Allied forces stood firm against the attack and supplies were dropped to them by parachute. In the

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renewed the advance on the Mayu peninsula. Ranges of steep hills channelled the advance into three attacks each by an Indian or West African division. The

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of 2 May 1945, the monsoon rains began in full force. The Allied drive to liberate Rangoon before the rains had succeeded with only a few hours to spare.

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HQ in Singapore were keen on it. When the staff at Southern Expeditionary Army were persuaded that the plan was inherently risky, they in turn found that

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The campaign was also strongly affected from the political atmosphere which erupted in the South-East Asian regions occupied by Japan, who pursued the

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the worst massacres in Burma during World War II would be perpetrated not by the Japanese but by Burmese gangs linked to the Burma Independence Army.

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After the fall of Rangoon in March 1942, the Allies attempted to make a stand in the north of the country (Upper Burma), having been reinforced by a

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They were drawn primarily from British India. Most of them stayed and defended in India, and did not participate in the counter-offensives in Burma.

6469: 6092: 4126: 4091: 3026: 461: 5432: 4927:. The surrender of Japan forestalled this operation, but it was undertaken post-war as the quickest way of getting occupation troops into Malaya. 7074: 4499:

was defeated at Sangshak by a regiment from the Japanese 31st Division on its way to Kohima. Imphal was thus left vulnerable to an attack by the

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By the end of May, the Yunnan offensive, though hampered by the monsoon rains and lack of air support, succeeded in annihilating the garrison of

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reached Kohima. Instead of isolating the small British garrison there and pressing on with his main force to Dimapur, Sato chose to capture the

6886: 5332: 4138: 3885:. With the effective collapse of the entire defensive line, there was little choice left other than an overland retreat to India or to Yunnan. 2903: 5379: 5188: 3562: 2692: 1952: 6365: 6272: 6266: 6245: 4233: 3847: 1890: 1325: 4947:

at Kohima and Imphal in 1944 have since taken on huge symbolic value as the turning of the tide in British fortunes in the war in the East.

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to cut off the retreating Japanese. There was severe fighting until the end of the month, in which the Japanese suffered heavy casualties.

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The Japanese troops crossed the Chindwin River on 8 March. Scoones (and Slim) were slow to order their forward troops to withdraw and the

3897:. The Japanese had also been reinforced by two divisions made available by the capture of Singapore and defeated both the newly organised 2915: 1792: 1248: 6995: 6239: 3344: 3272: 2764: 2614: 2214: 6444: 4894:

The Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army, after withdrawing from Arakan and resisting XXXIII Corps in the Irrawaddy valley, retreated into the

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The Japanese also made major changes in their command. The most important was the replacement of General Kawabe at Burma Area Army by

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The Japanese did not renew their offensive after the monsoon ended. They installed a nominally independent Burmese government under

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after overcoming stiff resistance. They then advanced northwards, outflanking successive British defensive positions. Troops of the

6606: 6533:"Operations in the Indo-Burma Theatre Based on India from 21 June 1943 to 15 November 1943" official despatch by Field Marshal Sir 4171:

launched a tentative advance from Imphal in the centre of the long front to distract Japanese attention from the other offensives.

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to construct airfields which would support the Allies' operations in Central Burma. Most of the Japanese garrison died during the

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Nevertheless, the Allies mounted two operations during the 1942–1943 dry season. The first was a small offensive into the coastal

6166: 4654: 4332:, were attacking the Japanese 56th Division. The Japanese forces in the North were now fighting on two fronts in northern Burma. 3486: 5567:

Micheal Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd ed. 2002

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was keen to mount an offensive against India. Burma Area Army originally quashed this idea, but found that their superiors at

6695: 6336: 6303: 6228: 5972: 5941: 5893: 5874: 5797: 5753: 5677: 5672:(First Cooper Square press edition 2000 ed.). New York, NY: First Cooper Square Press. pp. 329–340 (Chapter XIII). 5539: 5288: 4313:

mountains on 5 February 1944. In early March three other brigades were flown into landing zones behind Japanese lines by the

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On 1 May, a Gurkha parachute battalion was dropped on Elephant Point, and cleared Japanese rearguards from the mouth of the

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Stilwell's forces (designated X Force) initially consisted of two American-equipped Chinese divisions with a Chinese-manned

7170: 5079: 4495:. It fought its way back to Imphal with aid from Scoones's reserve division, supplied by parachute drops. North of Imphal, 4336:

casualties. By the end of June, they had linked up with Stilwell's forces but were exhausted, and were withdrawn to India.

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losses accounted for 2,394 of this figure, including 424 combat casualties and 1,970 deaths or evacuations due to disease.

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The leading troops of the 17th and 26th Indian divisions met at Hlegu, 28 miles (45 km) north of Rangoon, on 6 May.

3894: 3542: 2920: 2585: 2318: 1738: 1485: 1129: 1066: 4912:) and XV Corps had returned to India to plan the next stage of the campaign to re-take Southeast Asia. A new corps, the 3624:

independence movements and armies. Nominally independent puppet states were established in the conquered areas and some

7322: 5131: 4591: 3503: 3070: 2580: 1977: 1732: 239: 6036:(Yale University Press; 2011), 532 pages; focus on William Slim, Orde Wingate, Louis Mountbatten, and Joseph Stilwell. 5502: 4747:

for another week. Much of the historically and culturally significant portions of Mandalay were burned to the ground.

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would lead to Stilwell's eventual removal from his position as American Commander of the theater. On the other hand,

3621: 3417: 3178: 2340: 1151: 747: 702: 449: 310: 4811:. This scratch formation held up the British advance until 30 April and covered the evacuation of the Rangoon area. 7232: 6664: 4712: 3214: 3130: 2505: 2073: 1928: 5451: 4577: 4554:

During the monsoon from August to November, Fourteenth Army pursued the Japanese to the Chindwin River. While the

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to the allied side. In addition to the allied advance, the Japanese now faced open rebellion behind their lines.

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headquarters was created from XXXIII Corps HQ to take control of the formations which were to remain in Burma.

4641:. XV Corps operations on the mainland were curtailed to release transport aircraft to support Fourteenth Army. 4036:

The Allied build up was also hampered by the disordered state of Eastern India at the time. There were violent

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Ellis, John, World War II: A Statistical Survey: The Essential Facts and Figures for All the Combatants, 1993.

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made a hasty and disorganised retreat to India, where they were put under the command of the American General

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From this point, the advance down the main road to Rangoon faced little organised opposition. An uprising by

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Air War for Burma: The Allied Air Forces Fight Back in South-East Asia 1942–1945 (Bloody Shambles, Volume 3)

7212: 6897: 6891: 6599: 6511:"Operations in Eastern Theatre, Based on India from March 1942 to December 31, 1942", official despatch by 6156: 5026: 5016: 4572: 4520: 4519:. The siege lasted from 5 to 18 April, when the exhausted defenders were relieved. A new formation HQ, the 4407: 4391: 4266: 4153: 3753: 3508: 3308: 3257: 2987: 2697: 2602: 2553: 2181: 1837: 72: 6556:"Operations in Burma from 12 November 1944 to 15 August 1945" official despatch by Lieutenant General Sir 4228:. This was composed largely of Indian soldiers who had been captured in Malaya or Singapore, and Indians ( 3537: 7192: 7101: 6649: 6629: 6142: 3854: 3679:". These led to a Japanese-sponsored revolution during the initial invasion and the establishment of the 3491: 3469: 3412: 2852: 2364: 2171: 2088: 1997: 1992: 1676: 1470: 969: 347: 215: 7207: 6938: 6725: 6715: 5429: 4862: 4199: 3996: 3779: 3765: 3633: 3435: 3301: 3279: 2942: 2771: 2742: 2626: 2486: 2413: 2291: 2266: 2256: 2226: 2188: 2123: 2066: 1448: 1306: 1224: 1102: 847: 4807:

had formed the various service troops, naval personnel and even Japanese civilians in Yangon into the

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Martin Brayley, Mike Chappell. "The British Army 1939–45 (3): The Far East". Osprey Publishing, p. 6.

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prevented troops from the reorganised Japanese Fifteenth Army from reaching the major road centre of

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on 9 January 1944. The Corps then prepared to capture two railway tunnels linking Maungdaw with the

7247: 7217: 7202: 7197: 7164: 7129: 6832: 5373: 5182: 5021: 5003: 4824: 4650: 4461: 4460:, had pushed forward two divisions to the Chindwin River. One division was in reserve at Imphal in 4371: 4184: 4164: 3902:

16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the

3737: 3614: 3334: 3149: 3007: 2788: 2648: 2481: 2303: 2271: 2161: 2083: 1965: 1693: 1350: 1301: 1114: 427: 50: 6545: 6500: 6276: 4274:

delivered approximately 650,000 tons of material to China at a cost of 1,659 men and 594 aircraft.

3137: 7292: 7051: 6990: 6735: 6592: 4917: 4638: 4414: 4305:, the Chindits were to support Stilwell by interdicting Japanese communications in the region of 4130: 4122: 4018: 3684: 3371: 3230: 3085: 3080: 3075: 2973: 2793: 2469: 2464: 2393: 2113: 1857: 1705: 1688: 1628: 1592: 1562: 1289: 1284: 1204: 66: 6369: 3668:; and finally the successful Allied offensive which liberated Burma from late 1944 to mid-1945. 3252: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7114: 6943: 6874: 6864: 5991: 4253: 3797: 3594: 3481: 3400: 2837: 2548: 2345: 2276: 2198: 2166: 2136: 2131: 1718: 1648: 1499: 1156: 1032: 1020: 147: 5529: 4867: 4755: 4232:) living in Malaya. At Bose's instigation, a substantial contingent of the INA joined in this 4025:. In practice, both government and army were strictly controlled by the Japanese authorities. 3716:

led to cooperation between the two countries, but the clashing strategies proposed by General

7227: 7134: 6948: 6923: 6184: 5011: 4989: 4049: 3903: 3586: 3557: 2992: 2752: 2595: 2381: 2350: 2298: 2151: 2141: 2046: 1758: 1699: 1634: 1532: 1192: 1161: 1109: 1045: 545: 190: 100: 6580:

List of Regimental Battle Honours in the Burma Campaign (1942–1945) – also some useful links

6522: 6249: 3018: 7020: 7000: 6908: 6770: 6615: 6534: 6441: 4888: 4876: 4618:

Landing craft had now reached the theatre, and XV Corps launched amphibious attacks on the

4225: 4125:(SEAC), a new combined command responsible for the South-East Asian Theatre, under Admiral 3968: 3838:

The loss of two brigades of 17th Indian Division meant that Rangoon could not be defended.

3692: 3513: 2937: 2925: 2813: 2619: 2435: 2246: 2241: 2219: 2193: 2031: 1851: 1803: 1785: 1575: 1556: 1255: 6029:. Personal account by a British Burma Rifles officer, who later became an Oxford academic. 5718:

Despatch "Operations in Burma and North East India 16th November 1943 to 22nd June 1944",

4048:, which required large numbers of British troops to suppress. There was also a disastrous 2251: 8: 6933: 6928: 6824: 5480: 4773: 4476:. Mutaguchi intended to exploit the capture of Imphal by capturing the strategic city of 4221: 4099: 4037: 3775: 3704: 3637: 3567: 3447: 3090: 2808: 2682: 2108: 2103: 1409: 1219: 965: 657: 294: 4799:

before IV Corps captured it. The leading Allied troops met Japanese rearguards north of

7139: 7084: 6842: 6790: 6730: 6550: 6527: 6505: 6342: 6086: 5104: 4913: 4902: 4678: 4666: 4623: 3805: 3220: 3100: 2966: 2959: 2898: 2888: 2862: 2714: 2636: 2459: 2425: 2408: 2313: 2236: 1940: 1871: 1831: 1798: 1711: 1600: 1580: 1464: 1387: 1279: 1236: 1124: 27: 4363:. Strong Japanese reinforcements then counterattacked and halted the Chinese advance. 4302: 4294:

while American engineers and Indian labourers extended the Ledo Road behind them. The

3740:, as well as from the heroic missions over the extremely dangerous air route over the 7149: 7025: 6854: 6332: 6299: 6215:

Triumph at Imphal-Kohima: How the Indian Army Finally Stopped the Japanese Juggernaut

6180:

The Burma Road : The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II

6129: 6072: 6055: 6045: 6022: 5995: 5968: 5937: 5914: 5889: 5870: 5851: 5828: 5793: 5783: 5779: 5749: 5673: 5568: 5535: 5284: 5127: 5075: 4820: 4772:, which resulted in a national uprising within Burma and the defection of the entire 4670: 4649:

NCAC resumed its advance late in 1944, although it was progressively weakened by the

4481: 4469: 4387: 4341: 4146: 4094:, Supreme Allied Commander, seen during his tour of the Arakan Front in February 1944 4041: 4001: 3980: 3947: 3862: 3801: 3793: 3625: 3452: 3291: 3267: 3120: 2999: 2952: 2857: 2702: 2687: 2631: 2474: 2430: 2333: 2323: 2231: 2058: 2012: 1957: 1819: 1811: 1753: 1743: 1544: 1512: 1493: 1402: 1397: 1294: 1241: 1144: 1134: 268: 253: 20: 6309: 6218: 5692:

Despatch "Operations in Assam and Burma from 23RD June 1944 to 12TH November 1944",

4804: 4511:

Also at the beginning of April, the Japanese 31st Division under Lieutenant-General

4508:

as movement was made difficult by monsoon rains and IV Corps was short of supplies.

7159: 7069: 7064: 7010: 6918: 6837: 6775: 6765: 6740: 6654: 6634: 6458: 4924: 4603: 4524: 4443: 4439: 4380: 4356: 3956:

were to be under Thai control. The rest of Burma was to be under Japanese control.

3771: 3665: 3661: 3262: 3240: 2893: 2721: 2707: 2677: 2590: 2570: 2418: 2403: 2328: 2078: 2053: 2026: 1985: 1748: 1653: 1613: 1587: 1526: 1518: 1504: 1458: 1434: 1229: 1214: 1139: 335: 4534: 4141:. An innovation was the extensive use of aircraft to transport and supply troops. 3113: 7222: 7187: 7154: 6679: 6516: 6448: 6175: 5506: 5487: 5455: 5436: 5336: 5223: 5154: 5057: 4831: 4744: 4698: 4674: 4551:

all his divisions' commanders, and was himself subsequently relieved of command.

4457: 4419: 4360: 4314: 4206: 4195: 4191: 4106: 4056: 3976: 3931: 3927: 3881:, outflanking the Allied defensive lines and cutting off the Chinese armies from 3721: 3717: 3610: 3430: 3351: 3095: 3051: 2823: 2798: 2667: 2156: 2118: 2093: 2036: 2021: 2007: 1935: 1569: 1375: 681: 618: 588: 533: 389: 5051:

Barnaby Phillips follows the life of one of the forgotten heroes of World War II

4538:

View of the Garrison Hill battlefield, the key to the British defences at Kohima

7058: 7045: 7005: 6975: 6859: 6750: 4634: 4599: 4435: 4237: 4110: 4045: 3870: 3832: 3789: 3696: 3680: 3598: 3366: 2881: 2643: 2565: 2398: 2308: 2041: 1551: 1429: 1209: 1119: 731: 711: 600: 473: 403: 161: 7286: 7030: 7015: 6980: 6970: 6869: 6807: 6780: 6512: 5832: 5430:

US Army Battle Casualties and Non-battle Deaths in World War 2: Final Report.

4923:

This was to be an amphibious assault on the western side of Malaya codenamed

4909: 4630: 4298:

was repeatedly outflanked by the Marauders and threatened with encirclement.

4260: 4006: 4005:

Indian troops move ammunition in very muddy conditions whilst on the road to

3824: 3606: 2388: 1380: 1199: 756: 605: 367: 362: 323: 4830:

craft were retained in Europe and finally dropped in favour of an attack on

3170: 7252: 6960: 6848: 6802: 6684: 6644: 6569: 6557: 5929: 5812: 5499: 4975: 4842: 4792: 4701:

near Mandalay, Burma, during a low-level reconnaissance sortie, March 1945.

4559: 4516: 4229: 4134: 4068: 3672: 3657: 3653: 3203: 3064: 2872: 2867: 2781: 1882: 1317: 576: 509: 227: 58: 4152:

The major effort was intended to be by American-trained Chinese troops of

7257: 7119: 6755: 6659: 6476:

Canadian War Museum: Newspaper Articles on the Burma Campaigns, 1941–1945

5983: 4800: 4512: 4329: 4283: 4249: 3960: 3943: 3898: 3874: 3629: 3617: 3327: 3245: 3159: 2558: 2529: 738: 718: 521: 374: 177: 104: 54: 5108: 4190:

About the same time that SEAC was established, the Japanese created the

7035: 6985: 6760: 6584: 6232: 5846:

Drea, Edward J. (1998). "An Allied Interpretation of the Pacific War".

5789: 5705:

Despatch "Operations in Burma 12th November 1944 to 15th August 1945",

5448: 4895: 4880: 4875:, surrenders to Major General Arthur W Crowther, DSO, commander of the 4763:

of an Indian cavalry regiment during the advance on Rangoon, April 1945

4673:, British Prime Minister, appealed directly to American chief of staff 4399: 4279: 3953: 3820: 3729: 3235: 3225: 3784:

Japanese objectives in Burma were initially limited to the capture of

7262: 6880: 6796: 6706: 6639: 4769: 4760: 4622:

peninsula on 12 January 1945 and at Kangaw ten days later during the

4606:, forcing the Allies to greatly extend their lines of communication. 4345: 4287: 4157: 3816: 3741: 2981: 1044:

Total excludes the approximately 3 million civilians who died in the

497: 415: 282: 6171:

Forgotten Voices of Burma: The Second World War's Forgotten Conflict

4838:

Dracula, and units of XV Corps were embarked from Akyab and Ramree.

4129:. The training, equipment, health and morale of Allied troops under 4067:

The second action was controversial. Under the command of Brigadier

968:

after it revolted against the Japanese and joined the allies as the

7144: 7109: 6430:

Imphal and Kohima, Britain's Greatest Battles, National Army Museum

5848:

In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army

5203: 5074:(4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 67. 4920:

was raised and assigned to Fourteenth Army for further operations.

4724: 4720: 4395: 4349: 4271: 4252:

battalion and an American long-range penetration brigade known as "

4198:, which took under command the Fifteenth Army and the newly formed 4072: 4022: 3972: 3865:, but after its fall the road was open for motorised troops of the 3745: 2374: 2369: 1185: 1180: 788: 643: 557: 5746:

Burma 1942–1945: The Politics And Strategy of the Second World War

4547:

July, and the Japanese retreated painfully to the Chindwin River.

4344:

nevertheless immediately helped secure the air link from India to

4179: 3975:, the main objective, was captured on 27 May. On 12 July, General 6785: 6745: 5670:

Defeat into Victory: Battling Japan in Burma and India, 1942-1945

4796: 4716: 4477: 4325: 4291: 4263:

at China, but were driven back by the Chinese nationalist force.

4021:

on a more regular basis as the Burma National Army under General

3915: 3733: 3649: 3628:

by Thailand. In 1942 and 1943, the international Allied force in

1058: 1007: 6059: 6424: 4619: 4492: 4473: 4310: 4014: 3984: 3911: 3882: 3878: 3785: 630: 6454: 5886:

For Your Tomorrow: Canadians and the Burma Campaign, 1941–1945

5124:

Fighting for Britain: African Soldiers in the Second World War

5060:, Al Jazeera Correspondent Last Modified: 22 July 2012, 07:21. 2497: 6954: 4681:, took over the remaining military responsibilities of NCAC. 4658: 4582: 4306: 3687:

had spearheaded the initial attacks against the country. The

3048: 129: 5148:

Facts on File: World War II in the China-Burma-India theater

4740:

weapon. They broke off the attack and retreated to Pyawbwe.

75:

at an observation post in the Ngakyedauk Pass, February 1944

91:(3 years, 11 months, 4 weeks and 1 day) 5260: 3888: 5867:

Quartered Safe Out Here: A Harrowing Tale of World War II

4448: 4205:

The new commander of Fifteenth Army, Lieutenant General

4167:

prepared to renew the advance in Arakan province, while

4156:(NCAC) under Stilwell, to cover the construction of the 3585:

was a series of battles fought in the British colony of

4803:, 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon, on 25 April. 4719:

and seize the Japanese line-of-communication centre of

4629:

An important objective for XV Corps was the capture of

4402:

but the Japanese struck first. A strong force from the

7348:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Japan

7318:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Nepal

4243: 6200:

Aerial Nationalism: A History of Aviation in Thailand

6187:

was Elephant Advisor to the Fourteenth Army, see his

5785:

Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945

5220:"远征军入缅作战简介_远征军入缅作战的时间死亡人数_远征军入缅作战的意义结果损失 – 趣历史 – 趣历史" 4653:

to the main front in China. On 10 December 1944, the

4615:

of Operation Talon, the amphibious landing at Akyab.

4220:

The Japanese were influenced to an unknown degree by

3979:, who would become the Thai military governor of the 3869:

to shatter the Chinese Sixth Army to the east in the

1023:); the rest were engineering and air force personnel. 6509:(Supplement). 17 September 1946. pp. 4663–4671. 6364:. World War II Campaign Brochures. Washington D.C.: 6271:. World War II Campaign Brochures. Washington D.C.: 6244:. World War II Campaign Brochures. Washington D.C.: 6019:

A Hell of a Licking' – The Retreat from Burma 1941–2

5611: 5469:

The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945

5405:

The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945

5330:

Japanese conquest of Burma, December 1941 – May 1942

4965: 4566: 4386:

In Arakan, Indian XV Corps under Lieutenant General

4321:

and established defensive strongholds around Indaw.

6396:

The Burma Air Campaign: December 1941 – August 1945

5825:

The Second World War. Volume 6: Triumph and Tragedy

4324:

Meanwhile, the Chinese forces on the Yunnan front (

19:For the British non-governmental organisation, see 6034:The Burma Campaign: Disaster Into Triumph, 1942–45 5095:Singh, S. B. (1992). "Nepal and the World Warii". 4429: 5967:. London: Hambledon Continuum. pp. 387–388. 5534:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 309. 5471:, p. 1. Includes 144,000 dead and 56,000 wounded. 4278:In October 1943 the Chinese 38th Division led by 4259:In 1943, the Thai Phayap Army invasion headed to 3748:". The campaign would have a great impact on the 7338:Military history of Thailand during World War II 7284: 6163:has content related to the 1944 Chindit campaign 5819:has content related to the 1944 Chindit campaign 5712: 5686: 5399: 5397: 5281:Thailand and Japan's Southern Advance, 1940-1945 5177: 5175: 3971:, engaged the retreating Chinese 93rd Division. 6554:(Supplement). 6 April 1951. pp. 1881–1963. 6225:Should've Been With Me: The Wilfred Scull Story 5981: 4082: 3695:fought under Imperial Japan, especially during 5360:International Encyclopedia of Military History 4908:Fourteenth Army (now under Lieutenant General 4527:, now took over operations on this front. The 4410:from the rear, overrunning the divisional HQ. 908:144,000 – 164,500 total dead including disease 7333:Military history of India during World War II 6600: 6366:United States Army Center of Military History 6273:United States Army Center of Military History 6246:United States Army Center of Military History 5699: 5394: 5172: 4723:, while XXXIII Corps continued to advance on 4139:lines of communication in North-eastern India 4071:, a long-range penetration unit known as the 3990: 3759: 3200: 3186: 3034: 2513: 1898: 1333: 1249:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan (1943–1945) 1074: 947:250,000 to 1,000,000 Burmese civilians killed 6091:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5165: 5163: 5043: 4871:Lieutenant General Kawada, commander of the 4697:flies alongside Ava Bridge, which spans the 4217:in Tokyo was in favour of Mutaguchi's plan. 4183:Lieutenant General Kawabe, commander of the 3815:The Japanese successfully attacked over the 1912: 1347: 5965:The British Empire and the Second World War 5883: 5778: 5629: 5605: 5593: 5266: 4644: 4609: 4375:The scene on Scraggy Hill, captured by the 4366: 6607: 6593: 5850:. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 5323: 5121: 5097:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 4684: 4163:Under British Fourteenth Army, the Indian 4137:was improving, as was the capacity of the 3906:and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division. 3193: 3179: 3041: 3027: 2520: 2506: 1905: 1891: 1340: 1326: 1081: 1067: 65: 5908:Grant, Ian Lyall, & Tamayama, Kazuo, 5822: 5160: 4887:After the Allies captured Rangoon, a new 3937: 3853:On the eastern part of the front, in the 3844:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command 7343:South-East Asian theatre of World War II 6614: 6544: 6521: 6499: 6384: 6071:(Unabridged ed.). London: Cassell. 5928: 5740: 5357: 5305:Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) 5278: 5255:Historical Dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) 5069: 4958:corruption of Chiang Kai-Shek's regime. 4934: 4866: 4754: 4688: 4576: 4533: 4447: 4370: 4265: 4178: 4086: 4000: 3591:South-East Asian theatre of World War II 3145:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 3086:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 47:South-East Asian theatre of World War II 6402: 6393: 6357: 5962: 5667: 5247: 5140: 5126:. London: James Currey Ltd. p. 7. 5049:The Burma Boy, Al Jazeera Documentary, 4406:infiltrated Allied lines to attack the 3889:Japanese advance to the Indian frontier 3861:held up the Japanese for a time around 380: 168: 7285: 6324: 6291: 6123: 5864: 5283:. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 116. 4780:position (held by the remnants of the 4309:. A brigade began marching across the 3677:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 3613:. Imperial Japan was supported by the 2003:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse 1103:Japanese invasion of Burma (1941–1942) 16:1941–1945 campaign during World War II 6588: 6107:Thailand and Japan's Southern Advance 6067:Slim, William Slim, Viscount (1972). 6039: 5527: 5358:Bradford, James (19 September 2006). 5094: 4901:The Japanese had attacked too early. 3609:) against the invading forces of the 3593:and primarily involved forces of the 3174: 3022: 2501: 1886: 1321: 1062: 960: 958: 853:31,443 dead by all causes (1943–1945) 6531:. 27 April 1948. pp. 2651–2684. 6066: 5888:. Trafford Publishing. p. 360. 5869:. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 358. 5845: 5617: 4814: 3689:Provisional Government of Free India 1019:3,000 were frontline combat troops ( 982:Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma 88:14 December 1941 – 13 September 1945 6488:World War II animated campaign maps 6217:(University Press of Kansas, 2017) 5191:from the original on 7 January 2016 4856: 4750: 4456:IV Corps, under Lieutenant-General 4244:Northern and Yunnan front 1943–1944 4121:In August 1943, the Allies created 3728:were positive from the cooperative 13: 6493: 6466:. Engineers in the Burma Campaigns 6237: 6206: 4939:East African troops in Burma, 1944 4834:, off the west coast of Thailand. 4592:Allied Land Forces South East Asia 3919:the troops and civilian refugees. 3873:and advance northward through the 1088: 1038: 1026: 1013: 996: 975: 955: 14: 7364: 6413: 6264: 5910:Burma 1942: The Japanese Invasion 5865:Fraser, George MacDonald (2007). 5668:William, Slim (9 February 2000). 4567:Allied capture of Burma 1944–1945 4359:and eventually reached as far as 4211:Southern Expeditionary Army Group 4174: 3959:The leading elements of the Thai 3703:. The dominating attitude of the 987: 6705: 5720:Supplement to the London Gazette 5707:Supplement to the London Gazette 5694:Supplement to the London Gazette 5481:Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery 5382:from the original on 2 June 2016 5187:(in Chinese). pp. 460–461. 4996: 4982: 4968: 3842:, the commander-in-chief of the 3126:German Pacific possesions (1914) 931: 919: 898: 882: 861: 836: 818: 809: 796: 787: 778: 764: 755: 746: 737: 730: 717: 710: 701: 675: 663: 651: 637: 624: 612: 604: 594: 582: 570: 551: 539: 527: 515: 503: 491: 479: 467: 455: 443: 421: 409: 397: 382: 361: 341: 329: 316: 304: 288: 275: 261: 246: 233: 221: 208: 196: 184: 170: 154: 6675:Provisional Government of India 6630:Revolutionary conspiracy of WWI 6418: 6368:. CMH Pub 72-37. Archived from 6248:. CMH Pub 72-21. Archived from 6042:World War II: China-Burma-India 5734: 5725: 5661: 5648: 5635: 5623: 5599: 5587: 5578: 5561: 5548: 5521: 5512: 5493: 5474: 5461: 5442: 5423: 5410: 5366: 5351: 5342: 5310: 5297: 5272: 5238: 5212: 5209:《中缅印战场抗日战争史》，徐康明著，解放军出版社，2007年 4707:Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay 4430:Japanese invasion of India 1944 4116: 3738:Chinese war effort inside China 3101:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 2527: 6275:. CMH Pub 72-5. Archived from 5115: 5088: 5063: 4655:36th British Infantry Division 3819:Pass and captured the port of 3750:independence struggle of Burma 3701:collaborated with Nazi Germany 1365:1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes) 1: 6472:. Engineers with the Chindits 6385:Burchett, Wilfred G. (1943). 5731:Churchill (1954), Chapter 18. 5528:Meyer, Milton Walter (1997). 5307:(Scarecrow Press, 2006), 125. 5032: 4847:26th Indian Infantry Division 4809:105 Independent Mixed Brigade 4581:Indian troops wade ashore at 4529:2nd British Infantry Division 4497:50th Indian Parachute Brigade 4489:17th Indian Infantry Division 4472:isolated Imphal by capturing 4215:Imperial General Headquarters 3829:17th Indian Infantry Division 3732:, built to reach the Chinese 3699:in 1944. The INA had earlier 3391:Mediterranean and Middle East 846:40,000 casualties during the 7213:Japanese occupation of Burma 6575:Canadians in south east Asia 6457:. A museum dedicated to the 6298:. London: James Leasor Ltd. 6227:. United States: KDP Books. 6124:Shores, Christopher (2005). 5994:Military. pp. 243–255. 5884:Farquharson, Robert (2006). 5037: 5027:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 5017:Japanese occupation of Burma 4408:7th Indian Infantry Division 4392:5th Indian Infantry Division 4154:Northern Combat Area Command 4083:The balance shifts 1943–1944 3654:priority given by the Allies 3638:Fighting intensified in 1944 3636:to retake lost territories. 3372:Manchuria and Northern Korea 2974:Manchuria and Northern Korea 73:7th Indian Infantry Division 7: 7193:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan 6996:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 5823:Churchill, Winston (1954). 5643:Burma: the Longest Campaign 5378:(in Chinese). p. 476. 5279:Reynolds, Bruce E. (1994). 4961: 4916:, under Lieutenant-General 4394:captured the small port of 3895:Chinese Expeditionary Force 3855:Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road 2772:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 2729:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 1793:North Burma and West Yunnan 10: 7369: 7208:Selarang Barracks incident 6563: 6442:Imperial War Museum London 6435: 6223:Edwards, Roderick (2020). 6213:Callahan, Raymond. (2017) 5765: 5509:. Retrieved 20 March 2016. 5490:. Retrieved 10 March 2016. 5339:, Retrieved 20 March 2016. 5157:, Retrieved 20 March 2016. 5122:Killingray, David (2012). 4930: 4863:Battle of the Sittang Bend 4860: 4818: 4782:Japanese Thirty-Third Army 4704: 4570: 4452:Imphal and Kohima Campaign 4433: 4097: 3994: 3991:Allied setbacks, 1942–1943 3941: 3831:tried to retreat over the 3780:Dutch East Indies campaign 3769: 3766:Japanese invasion of Burma 3763: 3760:Japanese conquest of Burma 3720:and Chinese Generalissimo 3050:Military campaigns of the 2921:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 2443:Burma campaign (1944–1945) 2358:Burma campaign (1942–1943) 2292:Japanese invasion of Burma 1263:Burma campaign (1944–1945) 1193:Burma campaign (1943–1944) 1169:Burma campaign (1942–1943) 1006:(About 75,000 troops) and 856:35,948 wounded (1943–1945) 848:Japanese conquest of Burma 25: 18: 7323:Campaigns of World War II 7243:Malaysian Indian Congress 7180: 7100: 6907: 6823: 6714: 6703: 6622: 6394:Pearson, Michael (2007). 5722:, 13 March 1951, p. 1361. 5486:16 September 2018 at the 5449:Marauder.org: casualties. 5362:. Routledge. p. 221. 4733:255th Indian Tank Brigade 4556:11th East Africa Division 4523:under Lieutenant-General 4194:under Lieutenant General 4133:under Lieutenant General 3800:under Lieutenant General 3712:American-trained Chinese 3710:China Burma India Theater 3642:Allied recapture of Burma 3634:several failed offensives 3211: 3091:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 3061: 2537: 1924: 1415:Pacification of Manchukuo 1361: 1098: 951: 946: 928:•5149 died from diseases 871:28,878 killed and missing 828: 690: 433: 139: 79: 64: 44: 39: 7198:Special Bureau for India 6833:Indian National Congress 6481: 6328:The Marine from Mandalay 6010:Burma: The Forgotten War 5982:Duncan Anderson (1991). 5963:Jackson, Ashley (2006). 5709:, 6 April 1951, p. 1885. 5696:, 3 March 1951, p. 1711. 5257:(Scarecrow Press, 2006). 5022:Second Sino-Japanese War 5004:Republic of China portal 4825:Battle of Elephant Point 4651:flyout of Chinese troops 4645:Northern front 1944–1945 4610:Southern front 1944–1945 4573:Burma Campaign 1944–1945 4367:Southern front 1943–1944 4185:Japanese Burma Area Army 3840:General Archibald Wavell 3626:territories were annexed 3605:, with support from the 3377:pre-war border conflicts 3160:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 3008:Second Sino-Japanese War 2848:Estevan Point Lighthouse 2603:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 2554:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 1916:South-East Asian Theater 1352:Second Sino-Japanese War 970:Patriotic Burmese Forces 842:~107,391 including sick 51:Second Sino-Japanese War 26:Not to be confused with 6991:Rani of Jhansi Regiment 6736:Indian National Council 6447:3 December 2008 at the 6403:Spiller, David (2012). 6389:. Allhabad: Kitabistan. 6358:MacGarrigle, George L. 6325:Leasor, James (2011) . 6292:Leasor, James (2012) . 5924:Road to the Pacific War 5630:Bayly & Harper 2005 5606:Bayly & Harper 2005 5594:Bayly & Harper 2005 5531:Asia: A Concise History 5458:Retrieved 22 July 2015. 5267:Bayly & Harper 2005 5070:Whelpton, John (2005). 5056:3 February 2018 at the 4918:Ouvry Lindfield Roberts 4695:Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC 4685:Central front 1944–1945 4639:Battle of Ramree Island 4415:Battle of the Admin Box 4340:August. The capture of 4131:British Fourteenth Army 4123:South East Asia Command 4019:Burma Independence Army 3798:Japanese Fifteenth Army 3756:in the post-war years. 3685:Burma Independence Army 3155:French Indochina (1940) 2610:Japanese merchant raids 2450:Meiktila & Mandalay 911:40,000 killed in action 877:~12,700 died of disease 867:~86,600 excluding sick 6944:First Arakan offensive 6470:Royal Engineers Museum 6464:Royal Engineers Museum 6425:Burma Star Association 6331:. London: Leo Cooper. 6295:NTR: Nothing to Report 6185:Williams, James Howard 6117:Sadayoshi Shigematsu, 5952:The Unforgettable Army 5782:; Harper, Tim (2005). 5774:Burma: The Longest War 5656:Burma: The Longest War 5318:Burma: The Longest War 4940: 4884: 4873:Japanese 31st Division 4764: 4702: 4586: 4539: 4501:Japanese 15th Division 4470:Japanese 31st Division 4453: 4404:Japanese 55th Division 4383: 4296:Japanese 18th Division 4282:began to advance from 4275: 4187: 4127:Lord Louis Mountbatten 4095: 4092:Lord Louis Mountbatten 4010: 3997:Burma Campaign 1942–43 3938:Thai army enters Burma 3867:Japanese 56th Division 2909:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2753:Burma and India (1944) 2576:Gilberts and Marshalls 2285:Burma, India and China 1846:West Henan–North Hubei 892:Total Allied: ~207,244 888:3,253 total casualties 434:Commanders and leaders 7228:India in World War II 7203:Azad Hind Decorations 7135:INA Defence Committee 6949:Hindustan Field Force 6731:Swami Satyananda Puri 6539:see this html version 6119:Fighting Around Burma 6105:Reynolds, E. Bruce. 5918:From the Battlefields 5435:22 April 2021 at the 5012:India in World War II 4990:United Kingdom portal 4938: 4870: 4758: 4692: 4580: 4537: 4451: 4374: 4269: 4182: 4090: 4059:of Burma. The Indian 4004: 3904:Battle of Yenangyaung 3726:China–India relations 3589:. It was part of the 3302:Yugoslavian Partisans 2819:Philippines (1944–45) 2777:Philippines (1941–42) 2382:Burma campaign (1944) 2047:Parit Sulong Massacre 1270:Meiktila and Mandalay 937:2,615 dead or missing 829:Casualties and losses 71:Sikh soldiers of the 7328:Indian National Army 7001:Mohammed Zaman Kiani 6771:Bidadary Resolutions 6616:Indian National Army 6535:Claude E. Auchinleck 6387:Trek Back from Burma 5988:Churchill's Generals 5454:22 July 2015 at the 5418:The Battle for Burma 5335:16 July 2017 at the 5153:1 April 2016 at the 4877:17th Indian Division 4731:Indian Division and 4226:Indian National Army 3969:Royal Thai Air Force 3823:at the mouth of the 3693:Indian National Army 2620:Homfreyganj massacre 2247:Cocos Islands mutiny 2220:Homfreyganj massacre 1986:Malaya and Singapore 941:Total Axis: ~210,000 7075:Battle of Irrawaddy 6825:Subhas Chandra Bose 6716:Indian Independence 6238:Newell, Clayton R. 6069:Defeat into victory 6040:Moser, Don (1978). 5904:Singapore and Burma 5808:The Longest Retreat 5632:, pp. 247–249. 5505:16 May 2008 at the 5303:Donald M. Seekins, 5253:Donald M. Seekins, 4774:Burma National Army 4521:Indian XXXIII Corps 4272:India–China airlift 4254:Merrill's Marauders 4224:, commander of the 4222:Subhas Chandra Bose 4100:Burma Campaign 1944 4038:Quit India protests 4017:, and reformed the 3981:occupied Shan State 3808:) in January 1942. 3776:Battle of Singapore 3705:Japanese militarist 3131:Siberia (1918–1922) 2215:Andaman and Nicobar 1773:Sichuan (cancelled) 1033:Merrill's Marauders 1021:Merrill's Marauders 966:Burma National Army 658:Subhas Chandra Bose 7140:Kailash Nath Katju 7085:Surrender of Japan 7080:Battle of Meiktila 6791:Bangkok Conference 6551:The London Gazette 6537:, War Office. (or 6528:The London Gazette 6506:The London Gazette 6398:. Pen & Sword. 6161:Make for the Hills 6111:Rolo, Charles J. 5827:. London: Cassel. 5780:Bayly, Christopher 5500:USSBS Japan pp. 12 5072:A History of Nepal 4941: 4914:Indian XXXIV Corps 4885: 4765: 4703: 4679:OSS Detachment 101 4667:Daniel Isom Sultan 4624:Battle of Hill 170 4587: 4558:advanced down the 4540: 4454: 4384: 4342:Myitkyina airfield 4303:Operation Thursday 4276: 4200:Twenty-Eighth Army 4188: 4096: 4011: 3965:J. R. Seriroengrit 3806:Tanintharyi Region 3504:French West Africa 3345:South West Pacific 3253:Denmark and Norway 2967:Japanese surrender 2933:Naval bombardments 2863:Fire balloon bombs 2586:Volcano and Ryukyu 2581:Marianas and Palau 2237:Easter Sunday Raid 1563:Yellow River flood 1477:Railway Operation 546:George Stratemeyer 28:Anglo-Burmese Wars 7278: 7277: 7150:Tej Bahadur Sapru 7026:Rasammah Bhupalan 6929:Fall of Singapore 6892:Death controversy 6855:Bengal Volunteers 6690:Greater East Asia 6455:The Kohima Museum 6338:978-1-908291-33-2 6305:978-1-908291-44-8 6252:on 28 August 2011 6198:Young, Edward M. 6150:Sugita, Saiichi. 6113:Wingate's Raiders 6101:Struggle in Burma 5974:978-1-85285-517-8 5950:Hickey, Michael. 5943:978-0-00-721982-7 5895:978-1-41201-536-3 5876:978-1-60239-190-1 5839:Dillon, Terence. 5799:978-0-713-99463-6 5755:978-0-7067-0218-7 5748:. Davis-Poynter. 5742:Callahan, Raymond 5679:978-0-8154-1022-5 5541:978-0-8476-8063-4 5290:978-0-312-10402-3 4821:Operation Dracula 4815:Operation Dracula 4671:Winston Churchill 4482:Brahmaputra River 4400:Kalapanzin valley 4388:Philip Christison 4147:Normandy Landings 3948:Saharat Thai Doem 3794:Dutch East Indies 3656:to the defeat of 3620:, as well as two 3603:Republic of China 3597:(mainly from the 3576: 3575: 3497:Strategic bombing 3413:Mediterranean Sea 3168: 3167: 3096:China (1899–1901) 3016: 3015: 2858:Lookout Air Raids 2765:Southwest Pacific 2495: 2494: 2319:Yunnan-Burma Road 2067:Dutch East Indies 1958:August Revolution 1880: 1879: 1739:Yunnan-Burma Road 1677:Hundred Regiments 1449:Marco Polo Bridge 1315: 1314: 1130:Yunnan-Burma Road 1057: 1056: 670:Charun Rattanakun 462:Louis Mountbatten 269:Southern Rhodesia 254:Northern Rhodesia 135: 134: 21:Burma Campaign UK 7360: 7353:Lord Mountbatten 7160:Jawaharlal Nehru 7070:Battle of Kohima 7065:Battle of Imphal 6919:Battle of Malaya 6776:Tokyo Conference 6766:Rash Behari Bose 6709: 6655:Berlin Committee 6609: 6602: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6570:Siam goes to war 6555: 6532: 6510: 6459:Battle of Kohima 6408: 6407:. Amazon Kindle. 6399: 6390: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6345:on 31 March 2012 6341:. Archived from 6321: 6319: 6317: 6312:on 19 April 2012 6308:. Archived from 6288: 6286: 6284: 6265:Hogan, David W. 6261: 6259: 6257: 6176:Webster, Donovan 6167:Thompson, Julian 6157:Thompson, Robert 6152:Burma Operations 6139: 6096: 6090: 6082: 6063: 6018: 6005: 5978: 5947: 5936:. Harper Press. 5899: 5880: 5861: 5841:Yangon to Kohima 5836: 5803: 5760: 5759: 5738: 5732: 5729: 5723: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5697: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5665: 5659: 5652: 5646: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5620:, pp. 71–4. 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5565: 5559: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5525: 5519: 5516: 5510: 5497: 5491: 5478: 5472: 5465: 5459: 5446: 5440: 5427: 5421: 5414: 5408: 5401: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5370: 5364: 5363: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5340: 5327: 5321: 5314: 5308: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5226:on 18 March 2017 5222:. 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Loganathan 6910: 6909:Indian National 6903: 6887:Habib-ur-Rahman 6819: 6717: 6710: 6701: 6618: 6613: 6566: 6517:Viscount Wavell 6496: 6494:Primary sources 6484: 6449:Wayback Machine 6438: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6375: 6373: 6348: 6346: 6339: 6315: 6313: 6306: 6282: 6280: 6279:on 19 July 2011 6255: 6253: 6209: 6207:Further reading 6204: 6146:Before the Dawn 6136: 6128:. 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L. 5954: 5948: 5942: 5926: 5922:Ikuhiko Hata, 5920: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5881: 5875: 5862: 5856: 5843: 5837: 5820: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5776: 5772:Allen, Louis, 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5754: 5733: 5724: 5711: 5698: 5685: 5678: 5660: 5658:, pp. 364–365. 5647: 5645:, pp. 157–170. 5634: 5622: 5610: 5608:, p. 172. 5598: 5596:, p. 167. 5586: 5577: 5560: 5547: 5540: 5520: 5511: 5492: 5473: 5460: 5441: 5422: 5409: 5393: 5365: 5350: 5341: 5322: 5309: 5296: 5289: 5271: 5269:, p. 273. 5259: 5246: 5237: 5211: 5202: 5171: 5159: 5139: 5133:978-1847010476 5132: 5114: 5087: 5080: 5062: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4993: 4979: 4963: 4960: 4932: 4929: 4861:Main article: 4858: 4855: 4816: 4813: 4805:Heitarō Kimura 4752: 4749: 4705:Main article: 4686: 4683: 4646: 4643: 4635:Cheduba Island 4611: 4608: 4600:Hyotaro Kimura 4571:Main article: 4568: 4565: 4436:Operation U-Go 4431: 4428: 4368: 4365: 4245: 4242: 4240:was launched. 4238:Operation U-Go 4176: 4175:Japanese plans 4173: 4118: 4115: 4111:Chindwin River 4098:Main article: 4084: 4081: 3995:Main article: 3992: 3989: 3963:under General 3939: 3936: 3890: 3887: 3871:Karenni States 3859:200th Division 3857:, the Chinese 3833:Sittaung River 3790:British Malaya 3764:Main article: 3761: 3758: 3697:Operation U-Go 3681:State of Burma 3599:British Empire 3583:Burma campaign 3574: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3528:Baltic Nations 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3506: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3337: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3321: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3223: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3198: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3175: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3076:Ganghwa (1875) 3073: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3046: 3045: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3014: 3013: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2985: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2945: 2943:South Sakhalin 2940: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2885: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2719: 2712: 2705: 2700: 2698:Malacca Strait 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656:Southeast Asia 2652: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2566:Doolittle Raid 2563: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2525: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2482:Elephant Point 2479: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2304:Sittang Bridge 2301: 2295: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2212: 2207: 2196: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1895: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1838:Guilin–Liuzhou 1834: 1829: 1815: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1789: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1708: 1703: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1672: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1625: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1604: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1481:Beiping–Hankou 1475: 1474: 1473: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1420:Inner Mongolia 1417: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1302:Elephant Point 1299: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1115:Sittang Bridge 1112: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1091:Burma campaign 1086: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1063: 1055: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1037: 1025: 1012: 995: 986: 974: 953: 952: 949: 948: 944: 943: 916: 915: 914:56,000 wounded 912: 909: 894: 879: 878: 875: 874:44,731 wounded 872: 858: 857: 854: 851: 831: 830: 826: 825: 815:316,700 (1944) 771: 693: 692: 688: 687: 685: 684: 672: 660: 648: 633: 621: 609: 601:Heitaro Kimura 591: 579: 566: 564: 562: 561: 548: 536: 524: 512: 500: 488: 476: 474:George Giffard 464: 452: 439: 436: 435: 431: 430: 419: 418: 406: 404:State of Burma 370: 352: 351: 338: 326: 313: 300: 298: 297: 285: 272: 257: 242: 230: 218: 205: 193: 181: 165: 162:United Kingdom 142: 141: 137: 136: 133: 132: 123: 117: 116: 115:Allied victory 113: 109: 108: 99: 97: 93: 92: 85: 77: 76: 62: 61: 42: 41: 40:Burma campaign 35: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7365: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7313:1945 in Burma 7311: 7309: 7308:1944 in Burma 7306: 7304: 7303:1943 in Burma 7301: 7299: 7298:1942 in Burma 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7281: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7166: 7165:Bombay mutiny 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7130:Burhan-ud-Din 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7046:Burma theatre 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7031:Shaukat Malik 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Bahadur Group 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6971:Nehru Brigade 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6870:Indian Legion 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6808:Azad Hind Dal 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6713: 6708: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6670:Kabul mission 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6610: 6605: 6603: 6598: 6596: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6513:Field Marshal 6508: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6489: 6486: 6485: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6451:Burma Summary 6450: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6361:Central Burma 6356: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6323: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6290: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6269: 6263: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6219:online review 6216: 6212: 6211: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6189:Elephant Bill 6186: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6135:1-904010-95-4 6131: 6127: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6078:0-304-29114-5 6074: 6070: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044:. Time-Life. 6043: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6027:0-00-272707-2 6024: 6020: 6014:Lunt, James. 6013: 6011: 6007: 6003: 6001:0-304-36712-5 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5930:Hastings, Max 5927: 5925: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915:Iida, Shojiro 5913: 5911: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5887: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5859: 5857:0-8032-1708-0 5853: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5818: 5814: 5813:Calvert, Mike 5811: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5770: 5757: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5737: 5728: 5721: 5715: 5708: 5702: 5695: 5689: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5651: 5644: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5602: 5595: 5590: 5581: 5574: 5573:0-7864-1204-6 5570: 5564: 5557: 5554:Lewis et al. 5551: 5543: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5524: 5518:Mclynn, p. 1. 5515: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5496: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5477: 5470: 5464: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5445: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5413: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5375:中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 5369: 5361: 5354: 5348:Mclynn pp. 67 5345: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5313: 5306: 5300: 5292: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5250: 5244:McLynn, p. 1. 5241: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5206: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5184:中国抗日战争正面战场作战记 5178: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5091: 5083: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4994: 4991: 4980: 4977: 4966: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4910:Miles Dempsey 4906: 4904: 4899: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4833: 4832:Phuket Island 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4762: 4757: 4748: 4746: 4745:Fort Dufferin 4741: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4631:Ramree Island 4627: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4261:Xishuangbanna 4257: 4255: 4251: 4250:M3 Light Tank 4241: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4181: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3926:committed by 3925: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825:Salween River 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3744:, nicknamed " 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3675:policy of a " 3674: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630:British India 3627: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607:United States 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3471: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3436:Syria–Lebanon 3434: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3340:Pacific Ocean 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3309:Eastern Front 3307: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3258:Western Front 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3210: 3205: 3202:Campaigns of 3196: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3114:Taishō period 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3081:Ryukyu (1879) 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3071:Taiwan (1874) 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3060: 3055: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2948:Kuril Islands 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2831:North America 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824:Borneo (1945) 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2644:Bay of Bengal 2642: 2638: 2635: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2470:Tanlwe Chaung 2468: 2466: 2465:Ramree Island 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2389:Chindits (II) 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2114:Badung Strait 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2059:2nd Singapore 2057: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1998:1st Singapore 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1918: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1689:Central Hubei 1687: 1685: 1684:North Vietnam 1682: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629:South Guangxi 1626: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486:Tianjin–Pukou 1484: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1381:Lytton Report 1379: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1290:Tanlwe Chaung 1288: 1286: 1285:Ramree Island 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1200:Chindits (II) 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1047: 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48: 43: 38: 33: 29: 22: 7280: 7267: 7248:INA treasure 7238:William Slim 7169: 7089: 7057: 7050: 7021:Janaki Davar 7016:J.R. Bhonsle 6961:Azad Brigade 6953: 6896: 6879: 6865:Forward Bloc 6849:Purna Swaraj 6847: 6812: 6803:Hikari Kikan 6795: 6751:K.P.K. Menon 6726:Pritam Singh 6718:League (IIL) 6694: 6685:Pan Asianism 6558:Oliver Leese 6549: 6526: 6504: 6419:Associations 6405:Out of Burma 6404: 6395: 6386: 6374:. Retrieved 6370:the original 6360: 6347:. Retrieved 6343:the original 6327: 6314:. Retrieved 6310:the original 6294: 6281:. Retrieved 6277:the original 6267: 6254:. Retrieved 6250:the original 6240: 6224: 6214: 6199: 6192: 6188: 6179: 6170: 6160: 6151: 6145: 6125: 6118: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6068: 6041: 6033: 6021:London 1986 6015: 6009: 5987: 5984:Keegan, John 5964: 5957: 5951: 5933: 5923: 5917: 5909: 5903: 5885: 5866: 5847: 5840: 5824: 5817:Fighting Mad 5816: 5807: 5806:Carew, Tim. 5784: 5773: 5745: 5736: 5727: 5719: 5714: 5706: 5701: 5693: 5688: 5669: 5663: 5655: 5650: 5642: 5637: 5625: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5580: 5563: 5556:World War II 5555: 5550: 5530: 5523: 5514: 5495: 5476: 5468: 5463: 5444: 5425: 5417: 5412: 5404: 5384:. Retrieved 5374: 5368: 5359: 5353: 5344: 5325: 5317: 5312: 5304: 5299: 5280: 5274: 5262: 5254: 5249: 5240: 5228:. Retrieved 5224:the original 5214: 5205: 5193:. Retrieved 5183: 5142: 5123: 5117: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5071: 5065: 5045: 4976:Japan portal 4956: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4922: 4907: 4900: 4893: 4889:Twelfth Army 4886: 4852: 4843:Yangon River 4840: 4836: 4828: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4710: 4663: 4648: 4628: 4617: 4613: 4597: 4588: 4560:Kabaw Valley 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4517:hill station 4510: 4506: 4486: 4466: 4455: 4425: 4412: 4385: 4377:10th Gurkhas 4354: 4338: 4334: 4323: 4300: 4277: 4258: 4247: 4219: 4204: 4189: 4162: 4151: 4143: 4135:William Slim 4120: 4117:Allied plans 4103: 4076: 4069:Orde Wingate 4066: 4061:Eastern Army 4054: 4035: 4027: 4012: 3958: 3951: 3921: 3908: 3892: 3852: 3837: 3814: 3810: 3802:Shōjirō Iida 3783: 3673:Pan-Asianist 3670: 3658:Nazi Germany 3646: 3582: 3580: 3521: 3520: 3509:Indian Ocean 3470:Ecuador–Peru 3458: 3457: 3427:Middle East 3401:North Africa 3389: 3388: 3361: 3328:Asia-Pacific 3326: 3325: 3213: 3204:World War II 3138:Shōwa period 3136: 3135: 3112: 3111: 3106:Korea (1910) 3065:Meiji period 3063: 3006: 3005: 2980: 2960: 2926: 2873: 2868:Project Hula 2853:Fort Stevens 2782: 2735: 2722: 2715: 2708: 2596:Ocean Island 2559: 2549:Pearl Harbor 2487:Sittang Bend 2475: 2414:Tennis Court 2284: 2277:17 July 1944 2203: 2199: 2182:Indian Ocean 2167:North Borneo 2147:2nd Java Sea 2137:Sunda Strait 2132:1st Java Sea 2125: 2013: 1953:Coup de main 1850: 1836: 1827:4th Changsha 1818: 1817: 1810: 1791: 1784: 1765: 1733:3rd Changsha 1731: 1726:2nd Changsha 1724: 1719:South Shanxi 1717: 1710: 1698: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1649:West Suiyuan 1641: 1627: 1622:1st Changsha 1620: 1606: 1599: 1568: 1561: 1525: 1511: 1500:Pingxingguan 1492: 1465:2nd Shanghai 1463: 1410:1st Shanghai 1307:Sittang Bend 1295: 1225:Tennis Court 1090: 1040: 1028: 1015: 998: 989: 977: 940: 927: 917: 896: 891: 880: 859: 834: 804: 773: 725: 696: 577:Shojiro Iida 510:Luo Zhuoying 486:William Slim 373: 372: 355: 354: 146: 145: 140:Belligerents 59:World War II 45:Part of the 32: 7258:Joyce Lebra 6934:Farrer Park 6924:Mohan Singh 6665:Barkatullah 6660:Bagha Jatin 6635:Rash Behari 6546:"No. 39195" 6523:"No. 38274" 6501:"No. 37728" 6268:India-Burma 6241:Burma, 1942 6191:(1950) and 5230:29 December 5195:28 December 5103:: 580–585. 4513:Kotoku Sato 4379:during the 4330:Wei Lihuang 4284:Ledo, Assam 4234:Chalo Delhi 4031:Middle East 3961:Phayap Army 3954:Shan States 3944:Phayap Army 3899:Burma Corps 3877:to capture 3875:Shan States 3691:, with its 3618:Phayap Army 3492:Air Warfare 3406:East Africa 2993:Mutanchiang 2814:New Britain 2530:Pacific War 2351:Yenangyaung 2299:Bilin River 2152:8 June 1945 1759:Yenangyaung 1700:South Henan 1694:South Anhui 1635:Kunlun Pass 1533:Taierzhuang 1162:Yenangyaung 1110:Bilin River 646:(1941–1945) 522:Wei Lihuang 128:reoccupies 120:Territorial 7287:Categories 7125:Shah Nawaz 7036:John Thivy 6986:Tokyo Boys 6843:Sarat Bose 6756:A.M. Sahay 6741:I Fujiwara 6623:Historical 6349:7 February 6316:7 February 6233:B095BG9N18 6143:Smyth John 6051:0809424843 5990:. London: 5790:Allen Lane 5788:. London: 5033:References 4896:Pegu Yomas 4280:Sun Li-jen 3770:See also: 3730:Burma Road 3533:Yugoslavia 3514:Madagascar 3477:Antarctica 3448:Dodecanese 3268:Resistance 3236:Winter War 3226:Phoney War 2938:Sagami Bay 2927:Starvation 2809:New Guinea 2436:Mount Song 2242:Madagascar 2194:8 May 1941 2172:Balikpapan 2157:2nd Borneo 2089:Balikpapan 2074:1st Borneo 2032:Slim River 1852:West Hunan 1804:Mount Song 1786:West Hubei 1706:West Hubei 1581:Wenxi fire 1576:Wanjialing 1425:Great Wall 1256:Mount Song 216:Gold Coast 7263:Hugh Toye 7253:Peter Fay 7233:14th Army 7052:Admin Box 6939:First INA 6881:Azad Hind 6797:Azad Hind 6781:H Iwakuro 6761:S.A. Ayer 6640:Har Dayal 6087:cite book 5833:312199790 5618:Slim 1972 5575:. p. 556. 5558:, p. 287. 5320:, p. 662. 5038:Citations 4770:Force 136 4761:M3 Stuart 4480:, in the 4357:Tengchong 4346:Chongqing 4288:Myitkyina 4158:Ledo Road 4077:Longcloth 3817:Kawkareik 3742:Himalayas 3662:of Imphal 3644:in 1945. 3632:launched 3384:Australia 3280:Alps 1940 3273:1944–1945 2982:Kantokuen 2889:Air raids 2804:Australia 2794:Coral Sea 2688:Singapore 2683:Hong Kong 2426:Myitkyina 2394:Admin Box 2341:Shwedaung 2109:Palembang 1978:Air raids 1799:Myitkyina 1779:1943–1945 1662:1940–1942 1557:Chongqing 1443:1937–1939 1388:Jiangqiao 1371:Manchuria 1237:Myitkyina 1220:Shangshak 1205:Admin Box 1152:Shwedaung 805:1944–1945 774:1942–1943 743:1,000,000 726:1944–1945 697:1942–1943 498:Du Yuming 416:Azad Hind 283:Nyasaland 7145:Asaf Ali 6838:C.R. Das 6445:Archived 6193:Bandoola 6060:78003819 5932:(2007). 5744:(1978). 5503:Archived 5484:Archived 5467:McLynn, 5452:Archived 5433:Archived 5420:pp. 240. 5416:Nesbit, 5403:McLynn, 5380:Archived 5333:Archived 5189:Archived 5151:Archived 5109:44142873 5054:Archived 4962:See also 4883:, Burma. 4881:Moulmein 4725:Mandalay 4721:Meiktila 4396:Maungdaw 4361:Longling 4350:the Hump 4317:and the 4286:towards 4169:IV Corps 4165:XV Corps 4073:Chindits 4023:Aung San 3973:Kengtung 3821:Moulmein 3792:and the 3746:The Hump 3736:and the 3683:, whose 3601:and the 3553:Bulgaria 3482:Atlantic 3465:Americas 3418:Adriatic 3000:Chongjin 2961:Downfall 2899:Yokosuka 2716:Tiderace 2673:Thailand 2460:Hill 170 2409:Sangshak 2375:Chindits 2370:The Hump 2314:Taukkyan 2204:Kormoran 1993:Invasion 1973:Invasion 1966:Thailand 1948:Invasion 1941:Ko Chang 1832:Hengyang 1712:Shanggao 1601:Nanchang 1519:Massacre 1280:Hill 170 1186:Chindits 1181:The Hump 1125:Taukkyan 784:~300,000 691:Strength 644:Aung San 558:Aung San 428:Thailand 96:Location 53:and the 7115:Dhillon 7041:Battles 6786:I Kikan 6746:F Kikan 6564:History 6436:Museums 6376:14 June 6283:14 June 6256:14 June 5992:Cassell 5986:(ed.). 5934:Nemesis 5766:Sources 5654:Allen, 5641:Allen, 5407:, p. 1. 5316:Allen, 4931:Results 4903:Sakurai 4879:, near 4797:Taungoo 4786:Pyawbwe 4717:Pakokku 4693:An RAF 4478:Dimapur 4462:Manipur 4326:Y Force 4292:Mogaung 4009:, 1943. 3924:X Force 3916:Manipur 3863:Toungoo 3786:Rangoon 3734:Y Force 3714:X Force 3650:monsoon 3558:Hungary 3548:Romania 3397:Africa 3297:Balkans 3292:Britain 3246:Lapland 3241:Karelia 3231:Finland 2953:Shumshu 2838:Ellwood 2703:Vietnam 2476:Dracula 2455:Pakokku 2431:Mogaung 2334:Toungoo 2324:Tachiao 2252:Réunion 2162:Tarakan 2126:Langley 2104:Sumatra 2084:Tarakan 2014:Krohcol 1872:Taihoku 1865:Air War 1858:Guangxi 1820:Ichi-Go 1812:Changde 1754:Toungoo 1744:Tachiao 1545:Lanfeng 1513:Nanking 1494:Taiyuan 1435:Suiyuan 1398:Jinzhou 1296:Dracula 1275:Pakokku 1242:Mogaung 1145:Toungoo 1135:Tachiao 1008:Y Force 1004:X Force 850:in 1942 752:250,000 240:Nigeria 126:Britain 122:changes 7120:Sahgal 6650:Chatto 6335: 6302: 6231: 6195:(1953) 6132: 6075: 6058: 6048: 6025: 5998: 5971: 5940: 5892: 5873: 5854: 5831: 5796: 5752: 5676: 5571: 5538: 5287: 5130: 5107: 5078: 4845:. The 4620:Myebon 4493:Tiddim 4474:Kohima 4442:, and 4311:Patkai 4230:Tamils 4042:Bengal 4015:Ba Maw 3985:Loikaw 3912:Imphal 3883:Yunnan 3879:Lashio 3796:. The 3778:, and 3666:Kohima 3595:Allies 3487:Arctic 3319:Sicily 3221:Poland 3215:Europe 2723:Zipper 2709:Jurist 2678:Malaya 2637:Ceylon 2571:Midway 2419:Kohima 2404:Imphal 2365:Arakan 2329:Oktwin 2200:Sydney 2079:Manado 2027:Kampar 1749:Oktwin 1654:Wuyuan 1614:Swatow 1593:Hainan 1588:Canton 1527:Xuzhou 1505:Xinkou 1459:Chahar 1403:Harbin 1376:Mukden 1230:Kohima 1215:Imphal 1176:Arakan 1140:Oktwin 793:35,000 770:15,000 761:12,000 707:95,000 631:Ba Maw 603: 560:(1945) 387: 350:(1945) 321: 295:Uganda 280: 266: 251: 213: 203:Gambia 175: 159: 148:Allies 112:Result 49:, the 7110:CSDIC 6955:Jiffs 6875:U-180 6645:Ghadr 6482:Media 6017:' 5386:4 May 5105:JSTOR 4784:) at 4659:Bhamo 4583:Akyab 4348:over 4319:USAAF 4307:Indaw 4046:Bihar 3914:, in 3754:India 3587:Burma 3568:Japan 3543:Italy 3522:Coups 3423:Malta 3367:Japan 3335:China 3314:Italy 2894:Tokyo 2882:Japan 2799:Timor 2346:Prome 2119:Timor 2094:Ambon 2054:Endau 2037:Gemas 2022:Gurun 2008:Jitra 1570:Wuhan 1157:Prome 390:Japan 336:Nepal 311:China 228:Kenya 191:Burma 178:India 130:Burma 105:India 101:Burma 7269:more 7171:more 7091:more 7059:U-Go 6911:Army 6898:more 6814:more 6696:more 6515:The 6378:2010 6351:2012 6333:ISBN 6318:2012 6300:ISBN 6285:2010 6258:2010 6229:ASIN 6130:ISBN 6093:link 6073:ISBN 6056:LCCN 6046:ISBN 6023:ISBN 5996:ISBN 5969:ISBN 5938:ISBN 5890:ISBN 5871:ISBN 5852:ISBN 5829:OCLC 5794:ISBN 5750:ISBN 5674:ISBN 5569:ISBN 5536:ISBN 5388:2016 5285:ISBN 5232:2015 5197:2015 5146:> 5128:ISBN 5076:ISBN 4823:and 4801:Bago 4711:The 4633:and 4468:the 4290:and 4270:The 4044:and 4007:Tamu 3946:and 3752:and 3664:and 3615:Thai 3581:The 3538:Iraq 3441:Iran 3431:Iraq 3285:1944 3263:1940 2904:Kure 2591:Truk 2399:U Go 2309:Pegu 2142:Java 2124:USS 2042:Muar 1552:Amoy 1430:Rehe 1210:U Go 1120:Pegu 1002:The 964:The 375:Axis 103:and 84:Date 4759:An 4301:In 4256:". 4040:in 2202:vs 348:PBF 57:of 7289:: 6548:. 6525:. 6503:. 6178:. 6169:. 6159:. 6089:}} 6085:{{ 6054:. 5815:. 5792:. 5396:^ 5174:^ 5162:^ 5101:53 5099:. 4727:. 4661:. 4438:, 4352:. 4202:. 4149:. 4113:. 3774:, 2874:PX 2783:RY 957:^ 6608:e 6601:t 6594:v 6541:) 6380:. 6353:. 6320:. 6287:. 6260:. 6138:. 6095:) 6081:. 6062:. 6004:. 5977:. 5946:. 5898:. 5879:. 5860:. 5835:. 5802:. 5758:. 5682:. 5544:. 5390:. 5293:. 5234:. 5199:. 5136:. 5111:. 5084:. 3194:e 3187:t 3180:v 3042:e 3035:t 3028:v 2560:K 2521:e 2514:t 2507:v 1906:e 1899:t 1892:v 1341:e 1334:t 1327:v 1082:e 1075:t 1068:v 1048:. 984:. 972:. 377:: 150:: 30:. 23:.

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