Pacific War - Knowledge

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one strong point to another. The Japanese also went to great lengths to construct large underground chambers, some as much as five stories deep to serve as storage and hospital areas with thick walls and ceilings of reinforced concrete. A series of strong points covering the landing areas were also built, most covered with sand and carefully camouflaged. Well-camouflaged 120mm and 6-inch guns were emplaced so that their fire could be directed to the beaches. Smaller-caliber artillery, antiaircraft guns, and mortars were also hidden and located where only a direct hit could destroy them. The Japanese were determined to make the Americans pay a high price for Iwo Jima and were prepared to defend it to the death. Kuribayashi knew that he could not win the battle but hoped to inflict severe casualties so costly that it would slow the American advance on Japan and maybe give the Japanese bargaining power. In February, a total of 21,000 Japanese troops were deployed on Iwo Jima.

4745: 2884: 17826: 644: 3600: 17887: 6994: 3444: 6027: 6491: 6557: 131: 4928:, when Center Force fell upon a group of American escort carriers escorted only by destroyers and destroyer escorts. Both sides were surprised, but the outcome looked certain since the Japanese had four battleships, six heavy cruisers, and two light cruisers leading two destroyer squadrons. However, they conducted a largely indecisive gunnery duel before breaking off. Japanese losses were extremely heavy, with four carriers, three battleships, six heavy cruisers, four light cruisers and eleven destroyers sunk, while the Americans lost one light carrier and two escort carriers, two destroyers and two destroyer escorts. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle of World War II and arguably the 4320: 601: 6966: 17790: 17874: 6952: 4414:

organized and defended compared to Allied ones. The number of American submarines patrols (and sinkings) rose steeply: 350 patrols (180 ships sunk) in 1942, 350 (335) in 1943, and 520 (603) in 1944. By 1945, sinkings of Japanese vessels had decreased because there were less ships available to target. In all, Allied submarines destroyed 1,200 merchant ships – about five million tons of shipping. At critical stages of the Guadalcanal, Saipan, and Leyte campaigns, thousands of Japanese troops were killed or diverted from where they were needed. Over 200 warships were sunk, including a battleship and no fewer than eight carriers.

82: 2653: 2153: 5213: 562: 5957: 6910: 479: 380: 3390:, Fiji, and Samoa. Because this required far fewer troops, on 13 March the Naval General Staff and the Army agreed to operations with the goal of capturing Fiji and Samoa. The Second Operational Phase began well when Lae and Salamaua, located in eastern New Guinea, were captured on 8 March. However, on 10 March, American carrier aircraft attacked the invasion forces and inflicted considerable losses. The raid had major operational implications because it forced the Japanese to stop their advance in the South Pacific, until the Combined Fleet provided the means to protect future operations. 17911: 17899: 7008: 4123: 3146: 617: 5751: 2795:(GHQ) began planning for a war with the Western powers in April or May 1941. Japan increased its naval budget as well as putting large formations of the Army and its attached air force under navy command. While formerly the IJA consumed the majority of the state's military budget (with a 73/27 split in 1940), from 1942 to 1945 there would instead be a roughly 60/40 split in funds between the army and the navy. Japan's key initial objective was to seize economic resources in the Dutch East Indies and Malaya to escape the effects of the Allied embargo. This was known as the 122: 4452: 3767: 2811:

divided into three separate parts in which the major objectives of the Philippines, British Malaya, Borneo, Burma, Rabaul and the Dutch East Indies would be occupied. The Second Operational Phase called for further expansion into the South Pacific by seizing eastern New Guinea, New Britain, Fiji, Samoa, and strategic points in the Australian area. In the Central Pacific, Midway was targeted as were the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific. Seizure of these key areas would provide defensive depth and deny the Allies staging areas from which to mount a counteroffensive.

18057: 18045: 18033: 18021: 18009: 17997: 17985: 17972: 17959: 17947: 17935: 527: 515: 427: 17814: 17802: 17742: 17923: 111: 3990: 4675:, the highest point on the island, was taken on 27 June. The Marines then steadily advanced northward. On the night of 6–7 July, a banzai attack took place in which three to four thousand Japanese made a fanatical charge that penetrated the lines near Tanapag before being wiped out. Following this attack, hundreds of locals committed mass suicide. On 9 July, organized resistance on Saipan ceased. The US Marines reached northernmost tip of Saipan, Marpi Point, twenty-four days after the landing. Only isolated groups of hidden Japanese troops remained. 5296: 552: 6938: 5010: 5449: 5555:, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Okinawan and Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their use of kamikaze tactics in an attempt to create unacceptably high casualties for the Allies. The US Navy proposed to force a Japanese surrender through a total naval blockade and air raids. Many military historians believe that the Okinawa campaign led directly to the 2519: 6896: 4615:, attacked the major naval base of Truk. Although the Japanese had moved their major vessels out in time to avoid being caught at anchor in the atoll, two days of air attacks resulted in significant losses to Japanese aircraft and merchant shipping. The Japanese were forced to abandon Truk and were now unable to counter the Americans on any front on the perimeter. Consequently, the Japanese retained their remaining strength for what they hoped would be a decisive battle. The Japanese then developed a new plan, known as 467: 366: 5536: 4941: 3335: 17648: 5841: 572: 591: 5314: 4500:, planned to withdraw into the Imphal plain and force the Japanese to fight with their communications stretching over scores of miles of jungle trails. However, they were slow to respond when the attack was launched and did not foresee some Japanese objectives. Some British and Indian units had to fight their way out of encirclement, but by early April they had concentrated around Imphal. Several units were flown from the Arakan to reinforce them. A Japanese division which had advanced to 581: 6924: 491: 393: 6980: 4637: 18234: 3623:

knock out Midway's air strength and soften it for a landing by 5,000 troops. After the quick capture of the island, the Combined Fleet would lay the basis for the most important part of the operation. Yamamoto hoped that the attack would lure the Americans into a trap. Midway was to be bait for the USN which would depart Pearl Harbor to counterattack. When the Americans arrived, he would concentrate his scattered forces to defeat them. An important aspect of the scheme was

17778: 5104: 5238:, about halfway between the Marianas and Japan. American planners recognized the strategic importance of the island. The island was used by the Japanese as an early-warning station against impending air raids on Japanese cities. Japanese aircraft based on Iwo Jima were able to attack the B-29s on their bombing missions, and even to attack installations in the Marianas themselves. The capture of Iwo Jima would provide emergency landing airfields for B-29s and a base for 651: 7022: 637: 17850: 2588: 17862: 627: 17730: 4843: 2928: 2537: 2016: 3802:, a Japanese victory during which four Allied heavy cruisers were sunk, while no Japanese ships were lost. It was one of the worst Allied naval defeats of the war. The victory was mitigated only by the failure of the Japanese to attack the vulnerable transports. Had they done so, the first American counterattack in the Pacific could have been stopped. The Japanese originally perceived the American landings as nothing more than a reconnaissance. 14083:. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961. 17838: 3217: 6042: 4909:. Many other ships of Center Force were attacked, but continued on. Convinced that their attacks had made Center Force ineffective, the American carriers headed north to address the newly detected threat of the Japanese carriers of Ozawa's Northern Force. On the night of 24–25 October, the Southern Force under Nishimura attempted to enter Leyte Gulf from the south through Surigao Strait, where an American-Australian force led by Rear Admiral 91: 17766: 17754: 7036: 4233: 5567:: "because the Japanese on Okinawa... were so fierce in their defense (even when cut off, and without supplies), and because casualties were so appalling, many American strategists looked for an alternative means to subdue mainland Japan, other than a direct invasion. This means presented itself, with the advent of atomic bombs, which worked admirably in convincing the Japanese to sue for peace , without American casualties." 6625: 102: 4662:, with a target date of 15 June. All forces for the Marianas operation—535 warships and auxiliaries together with a ground force of over 127,500 troops—were to be commanded by Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. For the Americans, the Marianas operation would provide the interruption of the Japanese air pipeline to the south; the development of advanced naval bases; the establishment of airfields to base 3643:

strike aircraft based on Midway had already departed, adding to the 116 carrier aircraft on their way to attack the Japanese. The aircraft from Midway attacked, but failed to score a single hit. In the middle of these uncoordinated attacks, a Japanese scout aircraft reported the presence of an American task force, but it was not until later that the presence of an American carrier was confirmed. Vice Admiral

5618: 4924:, 500 miles (800 km) north of Leyte Gulf, the Americans launched over 500 aircraft sorties at the Northern Force, followed by a surface group of cruisers and destroyers. All four Japanese carriers were sunk, but the Japanese had succeeded in drawing the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf. On 25 October the final major surface action fought between the Japanese and the American fleets occurred off 6010:

killed in action and 37,000 became prisoners. 8,500 of these POWs would die in Japanese captivity. Dutch naval losses in the Pacific numbered 2 cruisers, 7 destroyers, 5 submarines, 7 minelayers, and 7 minesweepers. About 30,000 Dutch and 300,000 Indonesian forced laborers died during the Japanese occupation of the East Indies, while 3 million Indonesian civilians perished in famines.

3026: 3920: 4258:. This experience drove the Allies to improve their techniques of amphibious landings, implementing changes such as thorough pre-emptive bombings and bombardment, more careful planning regarding tides and landing schedules, and better coordination. Operations on the Gilberts were followed in late-January and mid-February 1944 by further, less costly, landings on the Marshall Islands. 5270:, where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. As soon as the Marines pushed inland they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast, but their losses were severe: almost 2,000 men killed or wounded. On 23 February, the 28th Marine Regiment reached the summit of Mt. Suribachi, prompting the now famous 4435:, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based. Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties, these attacks, the biggest in several years, gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in 4371: 4139:, fell behind. The Allies began a long movement across the Pacific, seizing several island bases. Some Japanese strongholds like Truk, Rabaul, and Formosa, were neutralized by air attack and bypassed. The goal was to get close to Japan itself, then launch massive strategic air attacks, improve the submarine blockade, and finally (only if necessary) execute an invasion. 4443:. Japanese losses in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve victory over China. Operation Ichi-Go created a sense of social confusion in the areas of China that it affected. Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath. 4588:, eventually encircling and neutralizing the stronghold. With their position in the Solomons disintegrating, the Japanese modified the Z Plan by eliminating the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago as vital areas to be defended. They then based their possible actions on the defense of an inner perimeter, which included the 4052:. The Chindits suffered heavy losses (1,138 out of a force of just over 3,000) and had inflicted only minor damage to the Japanese lines of communication. Wingate insisted that ordinary British and Indian troops could fight in the jungle as easily as the Japanese. The raid also contributed to the Japanese decision to invade India during 1944. 3986:, the Chinese forced Japan to fight a campaign of attrition. Although the Japanese captured the city, the Chinese were able to pin them down long enough for reinforcements to arrive and encircle them. The Chinese then cut Japanese supply lines, provoking a retreat and Chinese pursuit. During the battle, Japan used chemical weapons. 2078:, as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the 2994:(ABDACOM), a supreme command for Allied forces in Southeast Asia. This gave Wavell nominal control of a huge force, albeit thinly spread from Burma to the Philippines to northern Australia. Other areas, including India, Hawaii, and the rest of Australia, remained under local commands. On 15 January, Wavell moved to 5329:. The capture of Okinawa would provide airbases to intensify aerial bombardment of Japan and for direct land-based air support of the invasion of Kyushu. The islands could also allow for tightening the blockade of Japanese shipping and be used as a staging area and supply base for any invasion of the home islands. 3955:, with the goal of locating surviving American airmen, applying retribution on the Chinese who aided them, and destroying air bases. This operation started on 15 May 1942 with 40 infantry and 15–16 artillery battalions, but was repelled by Chinese forces in September. During this campaign, the IJA engaged in 4932:. For the Japanese the defeat at Leyte Gulf was catastrophic—its navy's greatest ever loss of ships and men in combat. The inevitable liberation of the Philippines also meant that the home islands would be virtually cut off from the vital resources from Japan's occupied territories in Southeast Asia. 6777:"For fifty-three long months, beginning in July 1937, China stood alone, single-handedly fighting an undeclared war against Japan. On 9 December 1941, after Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, what had been for so long a war between two countries now became part of a much wider Pacific conflict." 6446:

General George C. Marshall put Japanese "battle dead" against the Americans at 965,000 (South Pacific: 684,000, Central Pacific: 273,000, Aleutians: 8,000), with 37,308 captured, from 7 December 1941 to 30 June 1945 (the war had yet to conclude). These are juxtaposed with the losses in the theater of

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Australia incurred losses of 45,841 not including natural deaths: 17,501 killed (including POW deaths in captivity), 13,997 wounded, and 14,345 living POWs. New Zealand lost 578 killed, with an unknown number wounded or captured. 294 Canadians were killed in Hong Kong and the Aleutians, and a further

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the Soviet Union had agreed to enter the war against Japan 90 days after the surrender of Germany. At the time Soviet participation was seen as crucial to tie down the large number of Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea, keeping them from being transferred to the Home Islands to mount a defense to

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was assigned command of the island in May 1944. The Japanese began constructing elaborate defenses, making the best possible use of the island's natural caves and uneven, rocky terrain. The island was transformed into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and underground passageways leading from

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in southern Burma. They suffered 14,000 casualties, half their strength. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 Japanese soldiers surrendered and were taken prisoner. The Allies were preparing to make amphibious landings in Malaya when word of the Japanese surrender arrived.

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from which to bomb Japan; and the choice among several possible objectives for the next phase of operations, which would keep the Japanese uncertain. It was also hoped that this penetration of the Japanese inner defense zone might force the Japanese fleet out for a decisive engagement. The ability to

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against Japan. This meant sinking any warship, commercial vessel, or passenger ship in Axis-controlled waters, without warning and without aiding survivors. The US had a long supply line, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, but Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance

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Similar to the Dutch, the 65,000-strong French colonial army in French Indochina (16,500 European French and 48,500 colonial) disintegrated at the end of the Japanese invasion. 2,129 European French and 2,100 Indochinese colonial troops were killed, while 12,000 French and 3,000 colonial troops were

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notes that there are inconsistencies within the official US statistics themselves. The total number of dead in Pacific theaters rises to 113,079 if Army non-battle deaths are included. Over half of all American losses suffered in the Pacific occurred between July 1944 and July 1945. Combined, the US

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beaches of the island's west coast. However, there was little opposition at the beaches as the Japanese had decided to meet the Americans farther inland out of range of naval gunfire. About 60,000 American troops landed on the first day, seizing the two nearby airfields and pushing across the narrow

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it in two days. The Japanese had only enough pilots left to form the air group for one of their light carriers. The Mobile Fleet returned home with only 35 aircraft of the 430 with which it had begun. The battle ended in a total Japanese defeat and resulted in the virtual end of their carrier force.

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were sunk by American submarine attacks. After the second day of the battle, losses totaled three carriers and 445 aircrew with more than 433 carrier aircraft and around 200 land-based aircraft. The Americans lost 130 aircraft and 76 aircrew, many losses due to aircraft running out of fuel returning

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ordered MacArthur to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur, who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing

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By November these plans were essentially complete, and were modified only slightly over the next month. Japanese military planners' expectation of success rested on the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union being unable to effectively respond to a Japanese attack because of the threat posed to each by

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The Royal Navy lost 23 warships in the Pacific and Indian oceans: 1 battleship, 1 battlecruiser, 1 aircraft carrier, 3 cruisers, 8 destroyers, 5 submarines, and 4 escorts. There were significant indirect losses to the British Empire territories of India and Burma, including 3 million deaths in

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campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the atomic bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender and helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and conventional bombing campaign, any of which would have

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During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) to the north. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, which would commit his army to prolonged action with

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In late 1944 and early 1945, the Allied South East Asia Command launched offensives into Burma, intending to recover most of the country, including Rangoon, the capital, before the onset of the monsoon in May. The offensives were fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and American forces

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Although the defeat at the Philippine Sea was severe in terms of the loss of the three fleet carriers, its more significant impact was the loss of the carrier air groups. The Japanese had spent the better part of a year reconstituting their carrier air groups, and the Americans had destroyed 90% of

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advanced overland down the Mayu peninsula. The offensive was stalled at Rathedaung and Donbaik, only a few miles north of Akyab, by numerically inferior Japanese forces who occupied bunkers. Repeated assaults, from January to March 1943, failed to overcome these positions. A Japanese division moved

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The Australian Government ... regards the Pacific struggle as primarily one in which the United States and Australia must have the fullest say in the direction of the democracies' fighting plan. Without inhibitions of any kind, I make it clear that Australia looks to America, free of any pangs

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The entire 140,000-strong Royal Dutch East Indies Army was killed, captured, or missing by the conclusion of the East Indies Campaign. 1,500 colonial and 900 Dutch soldiers were killed in action. Most of the colonial soldiers were freed on the spot or deserted. Of the ethnic Dutch troops, 900 were

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The official account of the war published in Taiwan reported that the Nationalist Chinese Army lost 3,238,000 men (1,797,000 wounded, 1,320,000 killed, and 120,000 missing) and 5,787,352 civilians casualties putting the total number of casualties at 9,025,352. The soldiers of the Chinese Communist

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The US protectorate in the Philippines suffered considerable losses. Military losses were 27,000 dead (including POWs), 75,000 living POWs, and an unknown number wounded, not counting irregulars that fought in the insurgency. Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 Filipino civilians died due to war-related

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After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan was losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalist forces and Communist guerrillas in the countryside. The IJA began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945, mobilizing 80,000 men to seize Chinese

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devastated Japanese attempts to resupply. In torrential rains and over difficult terrain, the US advance continued across Leyte and the neighboring island of Samar to the north. On 7 December US Army units landed and, after a major land and air battle, cut off the Japanese ability to reinforce and

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On 8 December 1941, Japanese bombers struck American airfields on Luzon. They caught most of the planes on the ground, destroying 103 aircraft, more than half of the US air strength. Two days later, further raids led to the destruction of the Cavite Naval Yard. By 13 December, Japanese attacks had

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Within China, cooperation between the Chinese Nationalists and the Communists had waned from its zenith at the Battle of Wuhan, and the relationship between the two had gone sour as both attempted to expand their areas of operation. The Japanese exploited this lack of unity to press ahead in their

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As early as 1935, Japanese military strategists had concluded the Dutch East Indies were, because of their oil reserves, important to Japan. By 1940 they had expanded this to include Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines within their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese

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which resumed hostilities between the USSR and Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The USSR's entry into the war was a significant factor in the Japanese decision to surrender as it became apparent the

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An intense naval and air bombardment preceded the landing but did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to enemy fire. The hidden guns and defenses survived the bombardment virtually unscathed. On the morning of 19 February 1945, 30,000 men under the

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in the Palau Islands on 15 September, was notable for a drastic change in Japanese defensive tactics, resulting in the highest casualty rate amongst US forces in an amphibious operation during the Pacific War. Instead of the predicted four days, it took until 27 November to secure the island. The

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raids. On 9–10 March 1945 LeMay oversaw Operation Meetinghouse in which 300 B-29s dropped 1,665 tons of bombs, mostly napalm-carrying M-69 incendiary bombs, on the Japanese capital. This attack is seen the most destructive bombing raid in history and killed between 80,000 and 100,000 people in a

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Although the campaign was criticized in Australia as a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it achieved a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were

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cut the main road to Imphal and isolated a small British garrison, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations relieved the garrison of Kohima and drove the Japanese from the positions they had

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The battle began on 3 June, when American aircraft from Midway spotted and attacked the Japanese transport group 700 miles (1,100 km) west of the atoll. On 4 June, the Japanese launched a 108-aircraft strike on the island but failed to deliver a decisive blow to the island's facilities. The

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Admiral Yamamoto viewed the operation against Midway as the potentially decisive battle of the war which could lead to the destruction of American strategic power in the Pacific, and subsequently allow for a negotiated peace settlement. Through strategic and tactical surprise, the Japanese would

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had been sent to the southern Philippines. However, with little air protection, the remaining surface vessels in the Philippines, especially the larger ships, were sent to Java or to Australia, and the remaining American bombers flew to Australia in mid-December. The only forces that remained to

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In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu without warning, which left eight American battleships out of action, destroyed 188 American aircraft, and killed 2,403 Americans. The Japanese believed that the

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The battle for Okinawa proved costly and lasted much longer than the Americans had expected. The Japanese skillfully utilized terrain to inflict maximum casualties. Total American casualties were 49,451, including 12,520 dead or missing and 36,631 wounded. Japanese casualties were approximately

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In the northern part of Okinawa American troops only met light opposition, and the area was seized within about two weeks. However, the main Japanese defenses were in the south. There was bitter fighting against well-entrenched Japanese troops, but US forces slowly made progress. The seizure of

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In 1944 the US Navy restructured their submarine fleet, installing effective shipboard radar on its 150 submarines, replacing commanders deemed lacking in aggression, and fixing the faults in the torpedoes. Japanese commerce protection was "shiftless beyond description", and convoys were poorly

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Japanese planning was for a limited war where Japan would seize key objectives and then establish a defensive perimeter to defeat Allied counterattacks, which in turn would lead to a negotiated peace. The early war was divided into two operational phases. The First Operational Phase was further

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Eight hundred thousand Japanese civilians and over two million Japanese soldiers died during the war. According to a report by the Relief Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1964, combined Japanese Army and Navy deaths during the war (1937–1945) numbered approximately

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gave a figure of 3,949,000 people in China murdered directly by the Japanese army while giving a figure of 10,216,000 total dead in the war with the additional millions of deaths due to indirect causes like starvation or disease. Famines during the war caused by drought affected both China and

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An academic study published in the United States estimates Chinese military casualties as 1.5 million killed in battle, 750,000 missing in action, 1.5 million deaths due to disease and 3 million wounded; civilian casualties: due to military activity, killed 1,073,496 and 237,319

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decided to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the Emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied

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Iwo Jima was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans during the Pacific War. American casualties were 6,821 killed and 19,207 wounded. The Japanese losses totaled well over 20,000 men killed, with only 1,083 prisoners taken. Historians debate whether it was strategically worth the

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On 15 June, the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions supported by a naval bombardment group landed on Saipan. However, Japanese fire was so effective that the first day's objective was not reached until Day 3. After fanatic Japanese resistance, the Marines captured Aslito airfield on 18 June. Nafutan,

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rains descended in mid-May, they also succumbed to disease in large numbers. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imphal. The two Allied attacks met on 22 June, breaking the Japanese siege of Imphal. The Japanese

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proposed to achieve the destruction of the US Navy by occupying Midway Atoll, an objective he thought the Americans would be certain to fight for, as Midway was close enough to threaten Hawaii. During a series of meetings held from 2–5 April, the Naval General Staff and representatives of the

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Between Lake Khasan, Khalkin Gol, advisors deployed to China, and the 1945 operations in Manchuria and the Kuriles, Soviet casualties against Japan totaled 68,612: 22,731 killed/missing and 45,908 wounded. Material losses included some 1,000 tanks and AFVs, 5 landing ships, and 300 aircraft.

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advocated an advance to the south to seize parts of Australia, but with large numbers of troops engaged in China and Manchuria, the Imperial Army declined to contribute the forces necessary. The Naval General Staff still wanted to cut the sea links between Australia and the US by capturing

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According to the findings of the Tokyo Tribunal, the death rate of Western prisoners was 27%, seven times that of Western POWs under the Germans and Italians. Some of the more notorious instances of abuse of prisoners were the Bataan Death March and forced labor in the construction of the

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by American forces in the Pacific theater. As the advance on Manila continued from the north and the south, the Bataan Peninsula was rapidly secured. On 16 February paratroopers and amphibious units assaulted the island fortress of Corregidor, and resistance ended there on 27 February.

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By late 1942, Japanese headquarters had decided to make Guadalcanal their priority. The Americans hoped to use their numerical advantage at Guadalcanal to progressively drain Japanese manpower. Ultimately nearly 20,000 Japanese died on Guadalcanal compared to just over 7,000 Americans.

3197:. On the night of 5–6 May, after an intensive aerial and artillery bombardment, the Japanese landed on Corregidor and Wainwright surrendered. In the southern Philippines, where key ports and airfields had already been seized, the remaining American-Filipino forces surrendered on 9 May. 4385:

The US Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines in early 1942 led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. Basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while

3009:. After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore, but were forced to surrender to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 130,000 Indian, British, Australian and Dutch personnel became prisoners of war. 5276:

photograph, often cited as the most reproduced photograph ever and the archetypal representation of the Pacific War. For the rest of February, the Americans pushed north, and by 1 March, had taken two-thirds of the island. It was not until 26 March that the island was secured.

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and allied navies lost nearly 200 warships, including 4 battleships, 12 aircraft carriers, 25 cruisers, 84 destroyers and destroyer escorts, 63 submarines, and nearly 30,000 aircraft. This gave the Allies a 2–1 exchange ratio with the Japanese in terms of ships and aircraft.

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discovered the planned attack on Midway. Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by the American fleet before the Japanese had expected them. Planned surveillance of the American fleet in Pearl Harbor by long-ranged seaplanes did not occur as a result of an

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American submarines accounted for 56% of the Japanese merchantmen sunk; mines or aircraft destroyed most of the rest. American submariners also claimed 28% of Japanese warships destroyed. They also played important reconnaissance roles and rescued hundreds of downed fliers.

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assumed command in the Philippines. The defenders on Bataan, running low on ammunition and supplies, could not hold back a final Japanese offensive. Bataan fell on 9 April, with the 76,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war being subjected to the 66 miles (106 km)

3188:. After some initial success, they were stalled by disease and casualties, but they could be reinforced while the Americans and Filipinos could not. On 11 March 1942, under orders from President Roosevelt, MacArthur fled Corregidor for Australia, and Lieutenant General 5233:

Although the Marianas were secure and American bases firmly established, the long 1,200 miles (1,900 km) range from the Marianas meant that B-29 aircrews bombing Japan found themselves ditching at sea if severely damaged. Attention focused on the small island of

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had only enough to reach Okinawa. Off Okinawa it was planned to beach the battleship and use her 18.1-inch (46 cm) guns to support fighting on the island. After being sighted by an American submarine and reconnaissance aircraft, naval attack aircraft sunk the

5053:. The Japanese put up little direct defense of Palawan, but cleaning up pockets of Japanese resistance lasted until late April, as the Japanese used their common tactic of withdrawing into the mountain jungles, dispersed as small units. Throughout the Philippines, 4627:

along with large numbers of land-based aircraft, would be concentrated. If the Americans attacked the Marianas, they would be attacked by land-based planes in the vicinity. Then the Americans would be lured into the areas where the Mobile Fleet could defeat them.

17694: 4134:

After Midway, the US used its vast industrial potential to make more ships, planes, and train its aircrews. At the same time, Japan, lacking an adequate industrial base or technological strategy, a good aircrew training program, or adequate naval resources and

6871:

Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 1,770,036, Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716, and Marine Corps: 484,631. These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India

2908:

Americans, faced with such a sudden and massive blow, would agree to a negotiated settlement. American losses were less serious than initially thought: the three American aircraft carriers were at sea, and vital naval infrastructure, submarine base, and

6834:

The US thereby reversed its opposition to unrestricted submarine warfare. After the war, when moralistic doubts about Hiroshima and other raids on civilian targets were loudly voiced, no one criticized Roosevelt's submarine policy. (Two German admirals,

3546:

Although they managed to sink a carrier, the battle was a disaster for the Japanese, as all three carriers that were committed to the battle would now be unavailable for the operation against Midway. After Coral Sea, the Japanese had four fleet carriers

17687: 3464:

and was divided into several parts. Tulagi would be occupied on 3 May; the carriers would then conduct a sweep through the Coral Sea to find and destroy Allied naval forces, with the landings conducted to capture Port Moresby scheduled for 10 May. The

2778:

viewed these embargoes as acts of aggression; imported oil made up about 80% of domestic consumption, without which Japan's economy would grind to a halt. The Japanese media, influenced by military propagandists, began to refer to the embargoes as the

4439:. Despite major tactical victories, the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains. A majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area, and later come back to attack Japanese positions at the 1980:

stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the

5881:

lists the total number of military and non-military casualties, both dead and wounded, at 35 million. Duncan Anderson, Head of the Department of War Studies at the Royal Military Academy, states that the total number of casualties was around

2818:

The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the US was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia.

13682: 4417:

Underwater warfare was especially dangerous; of the 16,000 Americans who went out on patrol, 3,500 (22%) never returned, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The Japanese losses, 130 submarines in all, were higher.

5155:, the new Japanese commander in Burma, hoped that the Allies' lines of communications would be overstretched trying to cross this obstacle. However, the advancing British Fourteenth Army switched its axis of advance to outflank the Japanese. 5852:

American casualties were 107,903 battle deaths and 208,333 wounded. The figure for battle deaths include Army prisoners who died in Japanese captivity, this is the standard itemization of for US deaths in the Pacific War. However, historian

5017:

In all, ten US divisions and five independent regiments battled on Luzon, making it the largest campaign of the Pacific War, involving more troops than the US had used in North Africa, Italy, or southern France. Forces included the Mexican

5685:

On 9 August, exactly on schedule, the Soviet Union entered the war by invading Manchuria. A battle-hardened, one million-strong Soviet force, transferred from Europe, attacked Japanese forces and landed a heavy blow against the Japanese

3498:, was assembled to stop the Japanese advance. On 7 May, the Japanese carriers launched a full strike on a contact reported to be enemy carriers, but the report turned out to be false. The strike force found and struck only an oiler, the 3428:

to the operation against Port Moresby and include an attack to seize strategic points in the Aleutian Islands simultaneously with the Midway operation. These were enough to remove the Japanese margin of superiority in the Midway attack.

5886:

Party suffered 584,267 casualties, of which 160,603 were killed, 133,197 missing, and 290,467 wounded. This would equate to a total of 3.82 million combined NRA/CCP casualties, of which 1.74 million were killed or missing.>

5968:(86,600), Battle of Hong Kong (15,000), and various naval encounters, British, Dominion and Empire forces incurred some 235,000 casualties in the Pacific Theater, including roughly 82,000 killed (50,000 in combat and 32,000 as POWs). 4996:

Two more major landings followed, one to cut off the Bataan Peninsula, and another, that included a parachute drop, south of Manila. Pincers closed on the city, and on 3 February 1945 American forces pushed into Manila. The month-long

5375:

and eight destroyers were assembled as bait to draw away as many American carrier aircraft as possible, in order to leave Allied naval forces vulnerable to large-scale Kamikaze attacks. As a consequence of Japanese fuel shortages the

5397:, the center of Japanese resistance, on 29 May represented both a strategic and psychological blow. Organized resistance was not over until 21 June; many Japanese went into hiding and the campaign was not declared over until 2 July. 5432:. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men, supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces won decisively and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese repelled a 5401:

110,000 killed, and 7,400 taken prisoner. 94% of the Japanese soldiers died along with many civilians. Kamikaze attacks also sank 36 ships, damaged 368 more and killed 4,900 US sailors, for the loss of 7,800 Japanese aircraft.

4854:

between Japan and Southeast Asia. Thus the Japanese devised a plan to force a decisive battle by utilizing their last remaining strength – the firepower of its heavy cruisers and battleships – against the American beachhead at

4339:

The Japanese military claimed its defenses sank 468 Allied submarines during the war. In reality, only 42 American submarines were sunk in the Pacific due to hostile action, with 10 others lost in accidents or as the result of

3809:

ensured American control of the waters around Guadalcanal during daytime, while superior night-fighting capabilities of the IJN gave the Japanese the advantage at night. In August, Japanese and US carrier forces engaged in the

3895:. Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field but suffered high casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the " 6450:

The IJN lost over 341 warships, including 11 battleships, 25 aircraft carriers, 39 cruisers, 135 destroyers, and 131 submarines, almost entirely in action against the US Navy. The IJN and IJA together lost 45,125 aircraft.

3017:

fell in February. The rapid collapse of Allied resistance left the "ABDA area" split in two. Wavell resigned from ABDACOM on 25 February, handing control of the ABDA Area to local commanders and returning to the post of

3899:" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces. Fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as " 12960:

Murashima, Eiji (2006). "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence".

5693:

The Manchurian strategic offensive operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. This was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945

7064:

Estimates of 1 to 6 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937–1945); around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;, 1–2 million Vietnamese civilian deaths; around 3 million Indian civilian deaths in the

5325:. The seizure of islands in the Ryukyus was to have been the last step before the actual invasion of the Japanese home islands. Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands, was located 340 miles (550 km) from 2950:

Hong Kong was attacked on 8 December and fell on 25 December 1941. American bases on Guam and Wake Island were lost at around the same time. British, Australian, and Dutch forces, already drained of personnel and

5643:

in history. In a press release issued after the bombing, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this Earth". On 9 August, the US dropped

3209:. Australia was ill-prepared for an attack, lacking armaments, modern fighter aircraft, heavy bombers, and aircraft carriers. While still calling for reinforcements from Churchill, the Australian Prime Minister 7905:

document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by

5121:

against Japan, assisted to some degree by Thailand, the Burma National Army and the Indian National Army. The Commonwealth land forces were drawn primarily from the United Kingdom, British India, and Africa.

4142:

The US Navy did not seek out the Japanese fleet for a decisive battle, the Allied advance could only be stopped by a Japanese naval attack, which oil shortages (induced by submarine attack) made impossible.

3483:. From the Allied point of view, if Port Moresby fell, the Japanese would control the seas to the north and west of Australia and could isolate the country. An Allied task force under the command of Admiral 6847:

of violating international law through unrestricted submarine warfare; the court acquitted them after they proved that Allied merchant ships were legitimate military targets under the rules in force at the

4043:

Most officers accepted that the failure resulted from inadequate training for jungle warfare. To offset the results of the Arakan offensive, the Allies widely publicised a long distance raid mounted by the

2019:

The Pacific War Council as photographed on 12 October 1942. Pictured are representatives from the United States (seated), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, China, the Netherlands, and the

11537:

George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War : 1 July 1939–30 June 1945. Washington, DC : Center of Military History, 1996. p. 202.

4528:, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the reinforced Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In mid-1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force 7082:

2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937–1945, 1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937–1945 (432,000 dead), 22,000 Burmese casualties, 5,600 Thai troops killed, and 2,615 Indian National Army (

4859:. The Japanese planned to use their remaining carriers as bait to lure the American carriers away from Leyte Gulf long enough for the heavy warships to enter and to destroy any American ships present. 4862:

The Japanese assembled four carriers, nine battleships, 14 heavy cruisers, seven light cruisers, and 35 destroyers. They split into three forces: the "Center Force", under the command of Vice Admiral

3975:

pathogens. Chinese estimates put the death toll at 250,000 civilians. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died, out of a total 10,000 who fell ill when Japanese biological weapons infected their own forces.

3754:

were within sight of Port Moresby but were ordered to withdraw to the northeastern coast. Australian and US forces attacked their fortified positions and after more than two months of fighting in the

5586:

single night, destroying over 270,000 buildings and leaving over 1 million homeless. In the ten days that followed, almost 10,000 bombs were dropped, destroying 31% of Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka and Kobe.

4312:, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied navies—less than two percent in the case of the US Navy. Submarines strangled Japan by sinking its merchant fleet, intercepting many 3306:

In early 1942, the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council. The Pacific War Council was formed in Washington DC on 1 April 1942, with President

7208: 7183: 5186:

was launched on 1 May, to find that the Japanese had already evacuated. The troops that occupied Rangoon linked up with Fourteenth Army five days later, securing the Allies' lines of communication.

4917:, Shima's group was unable to coordinate its movements with Nishimura's group and arrived at Surigao Strait in the middle of the encounter; after making a haphazard torpedo attack, Shima retreated. 4600:, and the Dutch East Indies. Meanwhile, in the Central Pacific the Americans initiated a major offensive, beginning in November 1943 with landings in the Gilbert Islands. Japanese garrisons in the 2919:

Opposition to war in the US vanished after the attack. On 8 December, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands declared war on Japan, followed by Australia the next day.

11513: 7361:(Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011), p. 299.Figure is for U.S. losses only. China, the British Commonwealth, the USSR and other nations collectively add several thousand more to this total. 4878:; the "Northern Force", under the command of Ozawa, which had four carriers and two battleships partly converted to carriers; and the "Southern Force", containing one group under the command of 4316:, and cutting off nearly all the oil imports essential to weapons production and military operations. By early 1945, Japanese oil supplies were so limited that its fleet was virtually stranded. 3274:. The IJA opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of 2955:

by two years of war with Germany, and heavily committed in the Middle East, North Africa, and elsewhere, were unable to provide much more than token resistance. Two major British warships, the

2872: 6594:

estimated that 84% of the attacked area was residential, mostly inhabited by women, children and the elderly; the over 100,000 victims constitute the deadliest aerial bombing raid in history.

5174:. The Japanese armies were heavily defeated, and with the capture of Mandalay, the Burmese population and the Burma National Army (which the Japanese had raised) turned against the Japanese. 2706:. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread 2505:

at the outset of its conquests of South East Asia. This headquarters controlled the bulk of the Japanese Army formations which opposed the Western Allies in the Pacific and South East Asia.

4760:

in the Marianas the Japanese viewed holding Saipan as imperative. Consequently, they responded with their largest carrier force of the war: the nine-carrier Mobile Fleet under Vice Admiral

8127: 5792:

Should we continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization.

1917:. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7 December (8 December Japanese time) 1941, when the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in 12073:

The Implementation of Legally Binding Measures to Strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Budapest, Hungary, 2001

5336:, totaled some 75,000–100,000, augmented by thousands of civilians. American forces for the operation totaled 183,000 troops in seven divisions (four US Army and three Marine) under the 5030:

of the United States Army Air Forces that flew tactical support missions. Of the 250,000 Japanese troops defending Luzon, 80 percent died. The last Japanese soldier in the Philippines,

2607:

and captured it in October after a four-month campaign. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the US—condemned Japan, especially after the

4913:

ambushed the Japanese. American destroyers and naval gunfire destroyed two battleships and three destroyers, with only a single Japanese destroyer surviving. As a result of observing

3805:

With Japanese and Allied forces occupying parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition. US air cover based at

6786:: "It was not an official term, but a term of incitement used by the Japanese media, under the guidance of the military, in order to stir up the Japanese people's sense of crisis..." 2799:. It was decided—because of the close relationship between the UK and the US, and the belief that the US would inevitably become involved—that Japan would also take the Philippines, 5420:

airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with

5128:

divisions) advanced along the coast in Arakan Province, at last capturing Akyab Island. They landed troops behind the retreating Japanese, inflicting heavy casualties, and captured

1313: 4560:

or the Z Plan, which envisioned the use of Japanese naval power to counter American forces threatening the outer defense perimeter line: from the Aleutians down through Wake, the

3078:

and other Allied ships were sunk. The attack forced the Royal Navy to withdraw to the western part of the Indian Ocean, paving the way for a Japanese assault on Burma and India.

2943:, surrendered within hours of the Japanese invasion. The government of Thailand formally allied with Japan on 21 December. To the south, the IJA had seized the British colony of 19248: 17806: 14280: 6673: 5242:

as well as land-based air support to protect US naval fleets in Japanese waters. However, the Japanese had also come to realize the strategic value of Iwo Jima, and Lt. General

4469:

After the Allied setbacks in 1943, the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts. In early 1944, the Chinese and American troops of the

3206: 8959: 8933: 4040:

took over the front, and intended to mount a riposte, but their troops were exhausted and the division was forced to fall back to the Indian frontier in the first week in May.

14264: 10324: 2912:

units were unscathed, and the fact the bombing happened while the US was not officially at war caused a wave of outrage across the US. Japan's fallback strategy, relying on a

8359:, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Washington December 1946, Table B-2. From 1942 to 1945, 92,511,000 yen was spent on the IJA and 59,766,000 yen was spent on the IJN. 4965:. The US Sixth Army continued its advance from the east, while the Japanese rushed reinforcements to the western side. The US reinforced the Sixth Army successfully, but the 8481: 5060:

The US Eighth Army moved on to its first landing on Mindanao (17 April), the last of the major Philippine Islands to be taken. Then followed the invasion and occupation of

4989:'s Sixth Army landed its first units on the western coast of Luzon. Almost 175,000 men followed within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking 4169:, a series of amphibious invasions to recapture the Solomon Islands and New Guinea and ultimately isolate the major Japanese forward base at Rabaul. Following the Japanese 18521: 18439: 16219: 11648: 5593:, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the little remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, US President 3271: 15964: 2572:

by providing large amounts of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best armies to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops

15572: 14248: 5424:

as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from

4521:

finally broke off the operation on 3 July. They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease—the worst defeat suffered by the IJA to that date.

19243: 17570: 15588: 14079: 10649: 6663: 5653: 5344:

operated as a separate unit; its objective was to strike airfields on the chain of islands between Formosa and Okinawa, to prevent the Japanese reinforcing Okinawa.

3519:. On 8 May, the opposing carrier forces finally found each other and exchanged air strikes. Aircraft from the two Japanese carriers succeeded in sinking the carrier 11993:

Boyd, Carl (1979). "The Japanese Submarine Force and the Legacy of Strategic and Operational Doctrine Developed Between the World Wars". In Addington, Larry (ed.).

5939:

The property loss suffered by the Chinese was valued at 383 billion US dollars according to the currency exchange rate in July 1937, roughly 50 times the

4363:

and Rabaul. In addition, Japan honored its neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union and ignored American freighters shipping military supplies from San Francisco to

3891:

During the campaign, most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in engagements with the

5140:

and Lashio, while the Chinese and American Northern Combat Area Command resumed its advance in northern Burma. In late January 1945, these two forces linked up at

15908: 3184:. A series of withdrawal actions brought his troops safely into Bataan, while the Japanese entered Manila unopposed on 2 January 1942. On 7 January, the Japanese 3125:, which was the western Allies' supply line to the Chinese Nationalists. Many of the Chinese troops were forced either to retreat to India or in small parties to 18644: 15511: 15483: 14627: 13265:

Selden, Mark (2008). "A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq'".

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had been damaged at Coral Sea and was believed by Japanese naval intelligence to have been sunk. She would sortie for Midway after just three days of repairs.

1205: 6613:

from 29 April 1946 to 12 November 1948 tried those accused of the most serious war crimes. Military tribunals were also held throughout Asia and the Pacific.

16531: 15894: 15203: 14828: 1663: 1306: 3888:, one of the only two battles in the Pacific War during which battleships fought each other; two US admirals were killed and two Japanese battleships sunk. 18674: 18181: 15544: 15490: 14676: 8008: 3907:

and withdrew in February 1943. In the six-month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time.

6447:

the US Army alone, suggesting Japanese naval casualties were not included. His figure for Japanese "battle dead" in China was 126,000 in the same period.

4815:. The four Japanese air strikes involved 373 carrier aircraft, of which 130 returned to the carriers. Many of these survivors were subsequently lost when 3884:. However, the two IJN carriers had to retire to home waters. From 12 to 15 November, Japanese and American surface ships engaged in night actions in the 2105:(1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War 19132: 16001: 15497: 15113: 1120: 11699: 3424:

Combined Fleet reached a compromise. Yamamoto got his Midway operation, but only after he had threatened to resign. In return, Yamamoto had to allocate

2683:

in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed in late March 1940. In August 1940, Chinese communists launched an

14523: 13137: 11509: 7297: 6638: 5971:

Britain incurred 90,332 casualties, of whom 29,968 were killed, 12,433 as prisoners of war. The Japanese captured a total of 50,016 POWs from Britain.

5772:

The effects of the American air and naval attacks, two atomic bombings, and the Soviet entry were profound. On 10 August 1945, Japanese Prime Minister

3798:

at Rabaul, quickly sailed to engage the Allied force off the coast of Guadalcanal. On the night of 8–9 August, Mikawa's quick response resulted in the

1465: 1398: 10117: 6577: 15887: 15334: 15210: 5571: 792: 11378:, and 133 BA-6/BA-10 armored cars. This does not include tanks that only sustained light to moderate damage, or ones lost due to mechanical failure. 11347: 9657: 2548:, seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industrial economy. By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and it was ready to move deeper into China. The 19278: 17927: 15187: 14567: 8898: 6530: 6058:

2,121,000 men, mostly against either the Americans (1.1+ million), or against Chinese factions (500,000+). The losses were broken down as follows:

4068: 3647:

was put in a difficult tactical situation. After quick deliberation, he opted for a delayed but better-prepared attack on the American task force.

1299: 8651: 7464:: 5,698 Australian casualties prior to January 1943, 17,107 between January 1943 and April 1944, and ~4,000 from April 1944 to the end of the war. 4744: 18208: 15624: 14936: 11421: 8131: 7687: 5389:

and four of the destroyers. Mass Kamikaze attacks intensified during the following three months, with 5,500 sorties being flown by the Japanese.

4481:. In February 1944, the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in Arakan. After early Japanese success, this counter-attack was defeated in the 3318:

and the Philippines were later added. The council never had any direct operational control, and any decisions it made were referred to the US-UK

3133:

in Manipur, abandoning most of their transport and equipment. They reached Imphal in May just as the monsoon descended, which halted operations.

2883: 4266:

On 22 November 1943 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, met in

19309: 17679: 15443: 14745: 12008: 3038: 1176: 17: 17442: 3824:, sinking one Japanese cruiser and one destroyer for the loss of one destroyer. During the night of 13 October, two Japanese fast battleships 3089:. On 23 February, a bridge over the river was demolished prematurely, stranding most of an Indian division. On 8 March, the Japanese occupied 2406: 1835: 965: 16235: 16198: 16175: 15696: 14618: 14588: 14030: 6857:

Chihaya went on to note that when the IJN belatedly improved its ASW methods, the US submarine force responded by increasing Japanese losses.

6693: 3944:

and advanced southward in three columns, attempting again to cross the Miluo River to reach Changsha. In January 1942, Chinese forces scored

15950: 7448:

Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4. British Empire POWs are given a death rate of 25%.

5355:

The first major Japanese counterattack occurred on 6 and 7 April, in the form of attacks by kamikaze aircraft and a naval operation, called

4890:

into the Philippine Sea, turn southwards, and then attack the landing area. The Southern Force would strike at the landing area through the

4036:

to Arakan from Central Burma and attacked the 14th Indian Division's exposed left flank, overrunning several units. The headquarters of the

19150: 17939: 17818: 16328: 16184: 16168: 16140: 15388: 14595: 11597: 10677: 2390: 2007:

in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.

9909: 9650:

The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee (February 1947), Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Larry Jewell & Patrick Clancey (ed.),

7805: 4901:

on 23 October, two American submarines attacked it, resulting in the loss of two heavy cruisers with another crippled. After entering the

2740:, with around 5,000 raids from February 1938 to August 1943 in the later case. Japan's strategic bombing campaigns killed 260,000–350,934 19283: 18664: 18595: 17085: 16152: 16064: 16008: 15971: 15253: 11700:"U.S. Prisoners of War and Civilian American Citizens Captured and Interned by Japan in World War II: The Issue of Compensation by Japan" 10839: 8471: 8034: 4905:

on 24 October, Center Force was assaulted by American carrier aircraft, forcing another heavy cruiser to retire. The Americans then sank

4695: 4529: 4390:

to patrol areas, reducing their effectiveness, and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases. The standard-issue

3698:

having been destroyed, Japan's offensive power was blunted. Early on the morning of 5 June, the Japanese cancelled the Midway operation.

1188: 14022: 13243:"A Forgotten Holocaust: US Bombing Strategy, the Destruction of Japanese Cities & the American Way of War from World War II to Iraq" 11458: 11229: 5924:

According to historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta, at least 2.7 million civilians died during the "kill all, loot all, burn all" operation (

5909:

led to starvation deaths of 2 to 3 million people, Guangdong famine caused more than 3 million people to flee or die, and the

4016:

In the aftermath of the Japanese conquest of Burma, there was widespread disorder and pro-Independence agitation in eastern India and a

18049: 18037: 16057: 14789: 10617: 6809: 5501:. The attention of the Allies then switched back to the central east coast, with the last major amphibious assault of World War II, at 4894:, while the Northern Force would lure the main American covering forces away from Leyte. Japanese carriers embarked just 108 aircraft. 4694:

were used extensively by the US military as they finally put mainland Japan within round-trip range of American B-29s. Japanese forces

3836:

bombarded Henderson Field. The airfield was temporarily disabled but quickly returned to service. On 26 October, the Japanese carriers

3747:, near the eastern tip of New Guinea. They were beaten back by Allied forces, the first defeat of the war for Japanese forces on land. 3264: 2637:, and Soviet aid to China ended as a result of the signing of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact. In September 1940, Japan decided to 2464: 1891: 1617: 1545: 1037: 887: 9931: 5702:

In late 1945, the Soviets launched a series of successful invasions of northern Japanese territories, in preparation for the possible

3599: 3469:

featured a force of 60 ships led by two carriers, and 250 aircraft. However, the actual battle did not go according to plan; although

3005:

In January, Japan invaded British Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and

18998: 18608: 18490: 18118: 17563: 16191: 14581: 14539: 8955: 8929: 6822: 6653: 5626: 5556: 4624: 3787: 3639:

in March. Japanese submarine scouting lines that were supposed to be in place along the Hawaiian Islands were not completed on time.

2991: 2468: 1990: 1181: 8819: 5979:

1,691 were captured, of whom 273 died as POWs, for a total of 567 dead. Eight Royal Australian Navy warships were sunk: 3 cruisers (

4787:. The few Japanese attackers that managed to reach the US fleet in a staggered sequence encountered massive anti-aircraft fire with 4079:

became commander in chief of the Indian Army and revitalised its administration and training establishments. The British and Indian

18391: 18381: 17412: 15231: 15005: 14768: 14634: 14445: 10188: 6598: 6508: 3287: 2460: 1656: 1629: 1076: 1001: 928: 10077: 8713: 3513:

The American carriers also launched a strike with incomplete reconnaissance, and only located and sank the light aircraft carrier

16307: 16104: 15141: 14641: 14553: 14489: 8559: 8529: 5815: 4775:

On 19 June, a series of Japanese carrier air strikes were shattered by strong American defenses. The result was later dubbed the

1759: 18186: 14357: 10843: 8981: 8589: 5023: 4811:. The next day, the Japanese carrier force was subjected to an American carrier air attack and suffered the loss of the carrier 19196: 19170: 18075: 16510: 16022: 14872: 14410: 8761: 7914:, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids." 6703: 6591: 2976: 2486: 2234: 2079: 1458: 320: 11644: 4496:, into India in mid-March. Lieutenant General Slim, commanding Fourteenth Army, and his forward commander, Lieutenant General 19140: 17976: 17106: 17011: 16538: 16284: 16159: 15245: 15219: 15076: 14782: 14699: 14345: 14319: 14208: 14161: 14142: 14065: 13935: 13913: 13880: 13809: 13645: 13617: 13505: 13467: 13448: 13389: 13324: 13231: 13174: 13125: 13101:"Firebombs Over Tokyo America's 1945 attack on Japan's capital remains undeservedly obscure alongside Hiroshima and Nagasaki" 13089: 13037: 13018: 12892: 12835: 12814: 12740: 12704: 12681: 12650: 12629: 12610: 12591: 12513: 12449: 12430: 12313: 12294: 12275: 12256: 12216: 12197: 12178: 12122: 12103: 12080: 12048: 12025: 11983: 11964: 11936: 11909: 11890: 11814: 10934: 10900: 7483: 7414: 6698: 4601: 4249: 3736: 3260: 2729: 2456: 2398: 1887: 1769: 1612: 1427: 935: 848: 814: 785: 11567: 11474:

United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Report of the Working Group for Asia and the Far East, Supp. 10. 1947 pp. 13–14

11077: 10321: 6529:

The Nanjing Massacre is the most infamous example of Japanese atrocities against civilians during the war. According to the

4359:

As the war turned against Japan, IJN submarines increasingly served to resupply strongholds which had been cut off, such as

18968: 18724: 18600: 18500: 18485: 18396: 18356: 17339: 16746: 16632: 15797: 15264: 15260: 15238: 14842: 13734:. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944 13410: 13283: 12999: 12950: 12873: 12572: 12553: 10639: 8792: 8682: 6026: 5806:. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as 5703: 4952: 4473:(NCAC), commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell, began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma, while the 4309: 4287: 3816: 3548: 3515: 3382: 3158: 3098: 2840: 2694:

By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the

2261: 1930: 1678: 1649: 1091: 1049: 882: 11957:

British and Japanese Military Leadership in the Far Eastern War, 1941–1945 Volume 17 of Military History and Policy Series

10545: 9616: 7285: 6556: 6014:

kept as prisoners. 1–2 million deaths occurred in French Indochina during the Japanese occupation, mostly due to the

4850:

The loss at the Philippine Sea left the Japanese with two choices: an all-out offensive or allow the Americans to cut the

4020:, causing up to 3 million deaths. Wavell (commander-in-chief in India) was eager to mount counterattacks into Burma. 3172:

The main Japanese landings on Luzon took place on 22 and 24 December. As the Japanese troops converged on Manila, General

19268: 19263: 18983: 18480: 17951: 17254: 16718: 16050: 16036: 15249: 10760: 5483: 5258:. From mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under American air and naval bombardment, until the days leading up to the invasion. 5151:

attempted to forestall the main Allied attack by withdrawing their troops behind the Irrawaddy River. Lieutenant General

5054: 3674:

and put her out of action. Later in the afternoon, aircraft from the two remaining American carriers found and destroyed

2273: 1957: 1815: 1193: 858: 7910:(a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under 6490: 3982:, commander of the Imperial Japanese 11th Army, deployed around 100,000 troops to attack Changde. During the seven-week 18835: 18830: 18729: 18669: 18460: 18450: 18141: 17770: 17758: 17463: 17332: 17210: 16788: 16503: 16454: 16212: 15767: 15019: 14858: 14706: 14560: 14289: 14273: 14257: 10869: 9537: 7388: 5652:. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings 4645: 4324: 3795: 3443: 1776: 1343: 853: 153: 9234: 4536:. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon, the Northern Combat Area Command had secured a vital airfield at 3603: 3566: 2614:. In addition, the Japanese had failed to destroy the Chinese army, who continued to resist from their new capital in 18151: 18146: 18061: 17579: 16461: 16433: 16250: 15832: 15551: 15518: 14303: 14007: 13861: 13777: 13751: 13703: 13587: 13564: 13545: 13526: 13486: 13429: 13305: 13212: 13193: 13067: 12920: 12792: 12773: 12532: 12408: 12387: 12355: 12332: 12141: 11833: 10706: 10196: 9678: 7639: 6560:

A young Chinese girl from a Japanese 'comfort battalion' being interviewed by a British officer. Rangoon, Burma, 1945

6477: 4711: 3314:, and representatives from Britain, China, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Canada. Representatives from 3169:

defend the Philippines were the ground troops, a few fighter aircraft, about 30 submarines, and a few small vessels.

3042: 2502: 2479: 2166: 1690: 1451: 551: 283: 14734: 13100: 5136:, establishing airfields used to support the offensive into Central Burma. The Chinese Expeditionary Force captured 3903:" from the multitude of ships sunk. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. The Japanese 2540:

Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, where between 200,000-300,000 civilians and POWs were murdered by the Japanese Army

1972:. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an 19175: 19160: 19155: 18865: 18624: 18557: 18346: 18166: 18161: 18001: 17989: 17746: 17616: 16774: 16711: 15846: 15682: 14805: 12807:

Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West Volume 67 of Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia

6643: 6583: 6568:"—200,000 women and girls, mostly from Korea and China, who were forced to serve in Japanese military camps. 6471: 5811: 5758: 5433: 5178:

disastrously inadequate supplies, and in March he had asked that a plan to capture Rangoon by an amphibious force,

4667:

plan and execute such a complex operation in the space of 90 days was indicative of Allied logistical superiority.

4080: 3857: 3732: 3189: 2382: 2378: 2202: 1487: 1403: 778: 49: 15359: 8503: 7103:), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects), 2,000–8,000 Thai civilian deaths 5581:. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 2230: 1825: 130: 18858: 17140: 16981: 16970: 16806: 16565: 16524: 16417: 16355: 15742: 15012: 14881: 14849: 8012: 7523: 6465: 4929: 4719: 3560: 3354: 3224:

at Tarsau, in Thailand in 1943. 22,000 Australians were captured by the Japanese; 8,000 died as prisoners of war.

2771: 2569: 2303: 2178: 1982: 1910: 1800: 1737: 1586: 1569: 1103: 17709: 15529: 15097: 11191: 5144:. The Ledo Road was completed, linking India and China, but too late in the war to have any significant effect. 4319: 1820: 19238: 18880: 18581: 18351: 18156: 17526: 17498: 17376: 17169: 16406: 15857: 15783: 15579: 14950: 14669: 14574: 14459: 12505: 9515: 8301: 5370: 5158:

During February, the Fourteenth Army secured bridgeheads across the Irrawaddy. On 1 March, mechanised units of

5115: 4352: 4202: 3811: 3624: 3554: 2839:

time zones). The locations of this first wave of Japanese attacks included the American territories of Hawaii,

2680: 2545: 2311: 2277: 2185:. The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with colonial troops from 1914: 1749: 1417: 1378: 1030: 1020: 457: 4410:

had broken it. The Japanese promptly changed it, and the new code was not broken again by OP-20-G until 1943.

3298:. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle. 2576:, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, 2474:

In the Pacific, the Allies divided operational control of their forces between two supreme commands, known as

19165: 18590: 18505: 18495: 18111: 17963: 17586: 17519: 17470: 17401: 17226: 16732: 16683: 16447: 16440: 16043: 15804: 15595: 14648: 11707: 9651: 6459: 5902: 5818:. MacArthur then went to Tokyo to oversee the occupation of Japan (from 28 August 1945 to 28 April 1952, the 5724: 5250:

The American operation ("Operation Detachment") to capture the island involved three Marine divisions of the

4699: 4399: 4037: 4032: 3806: 3470: 3164:

wrecked every major airfield and virtually annihilated American air power. The previous month, a part of the

2983: 2864: 2792: 2766:

In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the US, Britain, and the

2664: 2475: 2394: 2347: 2233:

also took part in resistance operations in Indochina. Some active pro-allied guerrillas in Asia included the

1946: 1713: 1695: 1220: 945: 10917:

Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II. Final Report, 7 December 1941–31 December 1946,

10114: 7055:

Malaria was the most dangerous disease in the Pacific War. 500,000 American soldiers contracted the disease.

6918:

107,903 battle deaths (not including deaths by accidents or disease), 208,333 wounded and 14,473 living POWs

6553:". Around 1,536 US civilians died in Japanese internment camps, compared to 883 in German internment camps. 5440:

which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces retook Guangxi.

4973:

On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance took place on the southern beaches of the island of

3205:

In late 1941, as the Japanese struck at Pearl Harbor, most of Australia's best forces were committed in the

2721:. Conflicts between Chinese Communist and Nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines 19145: 19016: 18470: 18411: 18401: 18080: 18025: 17660: 17556: 16931: 16892: 15811: 15646: 15631: 15558: 15537: 15355: 15033: 14819: 14812: 14796: 14507: 14466: 14438: 14043:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 5. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 12851:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Vol. 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 12347: 11323: 10614:"Potsdam Declaration: Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945" 7902: 6523: 5785: 5272: 5217: 5167: 4739: 4470: 4407: 4297: 4170: 3339: 3244: 2638: 2281: 2065: 1781: 1581: 1530: 1260: 970: 875: 826: 505: 146: 31: 12090:

Ch'i, Hsi-Sheng (1992). "The Military Dimension, 1942–1945". In James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.).

11843:

Asada, Sadao (1998). "The Shock of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender: A Reconsideration".

10316:

Robert S. Burrell, "Breaking the Cycle of Iwo Jima Mythology: A Strategic Study of Operation Detachment",

2645:. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three main 1810: 18820: 18639: 18510: 18013: 17915: 17623: 16947: 16899: 16517: 16489: 16342: 15957: 15936: 15457: 15120: 15026: 14516: 11387:

Japanese Monograph no. 154: Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front August 1945, p. 39.

11344: 10978: 6534: 5803: 5699:

Soviets were no longer willing to act as an intermediary for a negotiated settlement on favorable terms.

5502: 5239: 5089: 4873: 4111: 3885: 3114: 2684: 2317: 1764: 1742: 1685: 1125: 8894: 6526:. The Three Alls Policy was responsible for the deaths of more than 2.7 million Chinese civilians. 6455: 5049:

and Mindoro (the fifth-largest and westernmost Philippine island) on 28 February 1945, with landings at

4431:

In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men and launched an operation across China under the code name

19107: 19076: 17879: 17421: 16917: 16836: 16781: 16669: 16625: 16275: 15901: 15825: 15727: 15604: 15476: 15469: 15429: 15402: 15134: 15067: 14662: 14473: 14403: 14383: 14193:

Allies against the Rising Sun: The United States, the British Nations, and the Defeat of Imperial Japan

8647: 7582: 5710: 5669:

wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability.

5347:

After an intense seven-day bombardment the main landings on Okinawa took place on 1 April 1945, on the

5190: 4867: 4851: 4011: 3779: 3740: 3057: 3037:

Meanwhile, Japanese aircraft had all but eliminated Allied air power in Southeast Asia and were making

2549: 2386: 2374: 1708: 1574: 1552: 1215: 1044: 1015: 899: 291: 191: 11425: 7691: 4254:

In November 1943 US Marines sustained high casualties when they overwhelmed the 4,500-strong garrison

1805: 19066: 19061: 18988: 18943: 18734: 18421: 17323: 17240: 17025: 16885: 16857: 16690: 16595: 16385: 15818: 14892: 14546: 12754:. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung (2nd ed.). Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China: Chung Wu Publishing. 12040: 8318: 6015: 5159: 5093: 5038: 4780: 4663: 4214: 4174: 4092: 4072: 4060: 4024: 3952: 3945: 3307: 3019: 2767: 2668: 2410: 2289: 2218: 2051: 1969: 1591: 1557: 1115: 298: 18923: 18213: 15090: 13732:

The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942

5777: 5193:

across the Sittaung River during June and July to rejoin the Burma Area Army which had regrouped in

3627:, which was the plan to seize two islands in the Aleutians, concurrently with the attack on Midway. 37:"War in the Pacific" redirects here. For the war between Chile, Bolivia, and Peru in 1879–1884, see 19180: 18963: 18905: 18853: 18475: 18303: 18104: 17842: 17062: 17039: 16291: 16092: 16085: 15749: 15409: 15381: 15374: 14761: 13974:

The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941–1943

12565:

Ripples of Battle: How Wars of the Past Still Determine How We Fight, How We Live, and How We Think

10950: 7651: 6734: 6721: 5490: 5337: 5148: 4961:, supported by naval and air bombardment, landed on the favorable eastern shore of Leyte, north of 4958: 4474: 4344:. The Dutch lost five submarines due to Japanese attack or minefields, and the British lost three. 3821: 3711: 3689: 3319: 3295: 2969: 2722: 2557: 2531: 2498: 2370: 2339: 2174: 2004: 1895: 1607: 1422: 1280: 1061: 921: 15106: 15083: 11455: 5493:

on 1 May. This was followed on 1 June by simultaneous assaults in the northwest, on the island of

4970:

supply Leyte. Although fierce fighting continued on Leyte for months, the US Army was in control.

4403: 4351:

Within hours of Pearl Harbor, in retribution against Japan, Roosevelt promulgated a new doctrine:

1410: 19003: 18875: 18805: 18614: 18366: 18293: 17484: 17428: 17298: 17158: 16843: 16496: 16392: 16298: 15866: 15734: 15704: 15668: 15653: 15525: 15417: 15395: 15341: 15327: 15309: 14973: 14754: 14482: 14431: 13460:

Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occoupation

12497: 11589: 11331: 11302: 11004: 10674: 7376: 7069:; 0.5 to 1 million Filipino civilian deaths; 91,000 to 1,000,000 Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000 5819: 5716: 5695: 5575: 5463: 5437: 5414: 5299: 4998: 4608: 4482: 4271: 4241: 4221: 4056: 3872: 3755: 3721: 3438: 3252: 3006: 2343: 2269: 2210: 2046: 2021: 1973: 1899: 1644: 1503: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1246: 1066: 163: 13683:

Bibliography of World War II battles and campaigns in East Asia, South East Asia and the Pacific

12153:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

10915:

Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General, U.S. Department of the Army,

9905: 5956: 2652: 2629:. They were defeated in the Battle of Khalkhin Gol by a mixed Soviet and Mongolian force led by 2152: 1525: 18953: 18715: 18679: 18655: 18552: 18537: 18386: 18298: 17176: 17069: 16871: 16822: 16725: 16618: 16588: 16371: 16259: 15985: 15776: 15367: 15348: 15318: 14865: 14835: 11883:

Penang At War: A History of Penang During and Between the First and Second World Wars 1914–1945

11526:

Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964.

10961: 6738: 6046: 5940: 5498: 5457: 5436:. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei in South China. Chinese launched a counter 5212: 4275: 4088: 3425: 3093:. The allies then tried to defend Central Burma, with Indian and Burmese divisions holding the 3049: 2902: 2894: 2695: 2490: 2342:. Also involved were members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, which included the 2238: 2182: 2033: 1953: 1918: 1754: 1673: 1110: 821: 371: 354: 262: 157: 81: 13996:

The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign: Naval Fighter Combat from August to November 1942

13607: 13400: 12940: 12398: 12134:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000

5474:, attacked Japanese forces occupying the island. Allied naval and air forces, centered on the 4921: 3105:. On 16 April, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the 2691:" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas, killing at least 2.7 million civilians. 44:"Pacific theater of World War II" redirects here. For the US military area of operations, see 18739: 18201: 17667: 17390: 17233: 17129: 17099: 17055: 16795: 16760: 16753: 16676: 16574: 16015: 15992: 15839: 15450: 14987: 14727: 14713: 14396: 14017: 12825: 11327: 11221: 10968:

Retrieved 25 July 2015; Major British Warship Losses in World War II. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

10182: 9355: 7630: 7066: 6678: 5910: 5570:

Towards the end of the war as strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the

5341: 5243: 5027: 4887: 4806: 4679: 4375: 4330: 4210: 4190: 4160: 4122: 4017: 3799: 3728: 3572: 3145: 3106: 2868: 2848: 2844: 2672: 2596: 2265: 1926: 1922: 1830: 1265: 1025: 868: 483: 312: 15285: 13351:

Stevens, Keith (March 2005). "A token operation: 204 military mission to China, 1941–1945".

10613: 6741:

on 7 December 1941, which brought the contained war in China into the wider global conflict.

3543:

was cancelled, and the Japanese were forced to abandon their attempts to isolate Australia.

3052:

in late February and early March, the IJN defeated the main ABDA naval force, under Admiral

1291: 19304: 18870: 18694: 18684: 18196: 17794: 17491: 17346: 16997: 16954: 16924: 16850: 16660: 16639: 15565: 15042: 14720: 14074: 13923: 13901: 13762:

McArthur's Coalition: US and Australian operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942–1945

12249:

War, Nation, Memory: International Perspectives on World War II in School History Textbooks

9935: 9653:

Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes NAVEXOS P-468

7897:

E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations",

6035: 5762: 5750: 5590: 5410: 5263: 5166:, throwing the Japanese into disarray. While the Japanese attempted to recapture Meiktila, 5077: 5050: 4837: 4796: 4772:: 15 fleet carriers and 956 aircraft. The clash was the largest carrier battle in history. 4573: 4533: 4451: 4440: 4186: 4178: 4049: 3783: 3766: 3683: 3609: 3539:

were heavy and the Japanese were unable to support a landing on Port Moresby. As a result,

3488: 3454:

explodes on 8 May 1942, several hours after being damaged by a Japanese carrier air attack.

3448: 3248: 2775: 2737: 2657: 1786: 1210: 1198: 1086: 892: 7457: 7073:

civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths.

3820:. In October, US forces successfully challenged the Japanese in night fighting during the 3263:, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months, 3247:

in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted the "

3117:, the Japanese captured Toungoo after a severe battle and sent motorised units to capture 121: 8: 19102: 19049: 19022: 19012: 18958: 18948: 18933: 18810: 18634: 18313: 18308: 18191: 17830: 17609: 17383: 17261: 17217: 16739: 15873: 15639: 15166: 14996: 14980: 14929: 11671: 9356:"Chinese Victory: Changteh is Lost and Won in Battle Called Most Decisive in Three Years" 7568: 7556: 7513:

Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. “Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia”. 2007. Page 4.

7461: 7436: 7341: 6502: 5981: 5598: 5564: 5467: 4769: 4612: 4486: 4464: 4198: 4182: 4166: 4156: 4152: 4127: 3940:, the Japanese 3rd, 6th, and 40th Divisions, a total of around 120,000 troops, massed at 3880:

in September, meant that US carrier strength in the region was reduced to a single ship,

3744: 3707: 3670:, remained operational, and launched an immediate counterattack. Both of her attacks hit 3582: 3484: 3479:

struck the invasion force. The element of surprise was lost due to the success of Allied

3474: 2932: 2860: 2856: 2565: 2363: 2226: 2102: 2000: 1942: 1840: 1720: 1363: 1081: 955: 643: 276: 45: 18885: 14091: 6053:, codenamed Operation Meetinghouse, which killed an estimated 100,000 people, March 1945 4512:

As many Japanese had feared, their inadequate lines of communication and the failure of

3989: 19071: 19008: 18825: 18795: 18336: 17602: 17435: 17360: 17314: 17284: 17192: 17032: 16697: 16581: 16475: 16426: 16364: 16120: 16071: 15880: 15504: 15159: 14957: 14236: 14226:

History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive.

13999: 13836: 13692: 13576: 13368: 13057: 12978: 12476: 12002: 11860: 8815: 6542: 6518:

During the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers killed millions of non-combatants, including

5745: 5609:

stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction".

5602: 5560: 5548: 5530: 5526: 5494: 5295: 5251: 5207: 5194: 4703: 4604:

were crushed. The strategy of holding overextended island garrisons was fully exposed.

4597: 4557: 4541: 3956: 3727:

fought a stubborn rearguard action in New Guinea, against a Japanese advance along the

3499: 3282: 3194: 2959: 2796: 2760: 2608: 2573: 2467:. US sources refer to two theaters within the Pacific War: the Pacific theater and the 2452: 2307: 2242: 1996: 1986: 1493: 1373: 1239: 1232: 1171: 1161: 1135: 987: 909: 110: 38: 11311:

Originally Published in Esprit de Corp Magazine, Volume 9 Issue 4 and Volume 9 Issue 5

11277: 8705: 8551: 8521: 7236: 6601:. American soldiers are alleged to have committed rapes during the Battle of Okinawa. 5321:

The largest and bloodiest battle fought by the Americans against the Japanese came at

4879: 4524:

Although the advance in Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the

2710:

and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.

1913:

had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back to 1931 with the

19112: 18800: 18780: 18547: 18176: 17903: 17593: 17477: 17367: 17307: 17268: 17201: 17183: 17149: 17092: 17046: 16990: 16815: 16553: 16545: 16482: 16335: 15929: 15461: 14922: 14901: 14611: 14354: 14315: 14299: 14285: 14269: 14253: 14204: 14157: 14138: 14061: 14044: 14003: 13931: 13909: 13876: 13857: 13840: 13805: 13773: 13770:

Fighting in World War II: The Battles Between American and Japanese Aircraft Carriers

13747: 13699: 13641: 13613: 13583: 13560: 13541: 13522: 13501: 13482: 13463: 13444: 13425: 13406: 13385: 13372: 13320: 13301: 13279: 13227: 13208: 13189: 13170: 13121: 13085: 13063: 13033: 13014: 12995: 12982: 12946: 12916: 12888: 12869: 12852: 12831: 12810: 12788: 12769: 12763: 12736: 12719: 12700: 12677: 12646: 12640: 12625: 12606: 12587: 12568: 12549: 12528: 12509: 12445: 12426: 12404: 12383: 12351: 12328: 12309: 12290: 12271: 12252: 12212: 12193: 12174: 12137: 12118: 12099: 12076: 12044: 12021: 11979: 11960: 11932: 11905: 11886: 11829: 11810: 10896: 10831: 10702: 10192: 10069: 8985: 8581: 8356: 8060: 7635: 7543: 7479: 7384: 7096: 6799:

had US destroyers fighting at sea, but no state of war had been declared by Congress.

6796: 5993: 5925: 5754: 5730: 5661: 5552: 5497:

and the coast of Brunei. A week later the Australians attacked Japanese positions in

5317:

US Marines pass a dead Japanese soldier in a destroyed village on Okinawa, April 1945

5290: 5179: 4944: 4784: 4653: 4432: 4398:

both proved defective and were not corrected until September 1943. Before the war, a

4076: 4064: 3983: 3924: 3505: 3398: 3343: 3173: 3085:

on 31 January 1942, and then drove outnumbered British and Indian troops towards the

3064: 3030: 2913: 2714: 2707: 2688: 2577: 2561: 2432: 2222: 1938: 1867: 1725: 1564: 1540: 1393: 1272: 1225: 1130: 975: 960: 904: 590: 495: 306: 184: 18256: 14336: 14219:

History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul

13156: 12785:

Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–1945 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo

7604: 5773: 5152: 4761: 19253: 18973: 18689: 18361: 17891: 17512: 17505: 17449: 17113: 16878: 16864: 16767: 16704: 16655: 16468: 16321: 16268: 16078: 16029: 15943: 15173: 15150: 14683: 14201:

Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation

13828: 13516: 13360: 13242: 13162: 12970: 12468: 12418: 12235: 11924: 11852: 10462: 10460: 7869: 7100: 7095:

460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan, 100,000 in the

7070: 6844: 6658: 6519: 5987: 5845: 5678: 5666: 5356: 5333: 5073: 4925: 4757: 4715: 4707: 4683: 4649: 4620: 4561: 4525: 4395: 4313: 4255: 4206: 4177:

in Northern New Guinea in April 1943, which was followed in June to October by the

3968: 3900: 3892: 3778:

of a Japanese airfield under construction at Guadalcanal. On 7 August 1942, 16,000

3617: 3420: 3291: 3221: 3185: 3177: 3165: 2987: 2940: 2852: 2835:

on the United States and the British Empire on 7 December (8 December in

2626: 2619: 2600: 2581: 2518: 2420: 2402: 1934: 1535: 1513: 1166: 994: 980: 950: 863: 843: 287: 19228: 14692: 14342: 14154:

Storm Over Leyte: The Philippine Invasion and the Destruction of the Japanese Navy

14038: 12846: 12380:

Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941

8816:"An Abandoned Army – The KNIL and The Japanese Invasion of Northern Dutch Sumatra" 8753: 7345: 5448: 5103: 5019: 5009: 4783:, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the 4584:

to Burma. In 1943–44, Allied forces in the Solomons began driving relentlessly to

4292:

US submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at

4270:, Egypt, to discuss a strategy to defeat Japan. The meeting was also known as the 3731:

towards Port Moresby. The militia were relieved in late August by troops from the

3243:

Australia had been shocked by the speed of the collapse of British Malaya and the

1386: 19273: 18978: 18895: 18815: 18288: 18127: 17711: 17535: 17247: 17162: 17120: 17018: 16961: 16829: 16611: 16602: 16131: 15713: 15689: 14943: 14361: 14349: 14026: 13635: 12543: 11559: 11462: 11351: 10965: 10954: 10681: 10549: 10328: 10121: 8727: 8085: 7428: 6688: 6683: 6538: 6495: 5797:

Emperor Hirohito, The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 August 1945

5640: 5594: 5535: 5471: 5429: 5267: 5226: 4966: 4940: 4910: 4672: 4659: 4565: 4513: 4497: 4478: 4391: 4237: 3998: 3994: 3865: 3717: 3323: 3094: 3072: 2832: 2676: 2604: 2523: 2335: 2141: 1906: 1703: 1624: 1368: 1324: 1096: 1071: 940: 616: 471: 432: 18890: 17647: 10457: 4619:: a decisive fleet action that would be fought somewhere from the Palaus to the 30:

This article is about the Pacific theaters of World War II. For other uses, see

19223: 19117: 18938: 18928: 18785: 18749: 18171: 17854: 17542: 17078: 17004: 15056: 14915: 13788: 13671:; 384 pp; highly detailed description of wartime IJA by U.S. Army Intelligence. 13656: 13340: 12802: 10541: 9612: 8784: 8674: 7432: 7333: 6929: 6587: 5965: 5933: 5893: 5840: 5522: 5509:

being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around

5479: 5332:

The Japanese troops defending Okinawa, under the command of Lieutenant General

5322: 5133: 5046: 5042: 4990: 4986: 4891: 4883: 4788: 4765: 4493: 3979: 3937: 3791: 3644: 3394: 3278:, which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft. 3086: 2587: 2293: 2198: 2194: 2170: 1639: 1634: 1154: 1008: 916: 838: 571: 398: 326: 316: 233: 177: 19258: 19233: 14377: 13364: 12974: 12723: 12239: 11446:"World War II: The Defensive Phase", US Army Center of Military History, p. 87 10750: 7524:/book/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 "Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century" 6840: 5362: 5225:

on 23 February 1945, depicts six United States Marines raising a US flag atop

3770:

US Marines rest in the field during the Guadalcanal campaign in November 1942.

3129:. Accompanied by large numbers of civilian refugees, the British retreated to 19298: 18744: 18465: 18455: 18283: 18248: 17353: 15278: 15127: 14966: 12759: 11590:"BBC – History – World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 6915: 6565: 6550: 6031: 5854: 5486:

and the US Thirteenth Air Force also played important roles in the campaign.

5313: 5255: 5222: 5129: 5107: 5069: 5002: 4978: 4914: 4341: 4194: 4107: 3896: 3775: 3651: 3480: 3405: 3387: 3334: 3315: 3311: 3251:" would soon follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian 3053: 2999: 2956: 2741: 2630: 2494: 2438: 2250: 2190: 1875: 561: 385: 330: 243: 18845: 13953:

Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945

13498:

Empires in the Balance: Japanese and Allied Pacific Strategies to April 1942

12459:

Garthoff, Raymond L. (1969). "The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945".

12304:

Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).

12226:

Coox, Alvin (1973). "The Lake Khasan Affair of 1938: Overview and Lessons".

10865: 5964:

Between the Malayan Campaign (130,000 discounting some 20,000 Australians),

4636: 4489:

divisions of XV Corps stood firm, relying on supplies dropped by parachute.

4059:(SEAC) to take over strategic responsibilities for Burma and India from the 3397:

occurred in April 1942, where 16 bombers took off from the aircraft carrier

1443: 18341: 18218: 17715: 17652: 17456: 15756: 15661: 15292: 14655: 14419: 14135:

Islands of Destiny: The Solomons Campaign and the Eclipse of the Rising Sun

14048: 13853: 13668: 13293: 13077: 13030:

Taierzhuang 1938 – Stalingrad 1942: Insight into a blind spot of WW2 Series

12866:

Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945

12856: 12697:

Concerning the Three Alls Strategy/Three Alls Policy By the Japanese Forces

12375: 12095: 10178: 9321: 9230: 7631:

Science and the Pacific War: Science and Survival in the Pacific, 1939–1945

7527: 6971: 6836: 6630: 5814:

was signed on 2 September 1945. The surrender was accepted by MacArthur as

5578: 5475: 5394: 4863: 4658:

On 12 March 1944, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed the occupation of the

4360: 4084: 3904: 3751: 3631: 3460: 3370: 3275: 2836: 2718: 2679:. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale 2642: 2634: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2351: 2037: 1977: 1965: 1879: 1871: 1476: 1337: 1145: 1140: 1054: 656: 600: 334: 248: 68: 18915: 18532: 14088:

Pacific War and Contingent Victory: Why Japanese Defeat Was Not Inevitable

13832: 13166: 11928: 9682: 5539:

American B-29 Superfortresses drop incendiary bombs over the port city of

5013:

US troops approaching Japanese positions near Baguio, Luzon, 23 March 1945

4993:, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January. 3408:

and a line of converted trawlers patrolling the vast waters that separate

2603:

the Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to

18542: 17291: 17277: 16939: 15615: 15436: 15421: 14244: 14231: 13186:

Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan

11974:

Boog, Horst; Rahn, Werner; Stumpf, Reinhard; Wegner, Bernd, eds. (2001).

11770: 10345: 8895:"In office – John Curtin – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers" 7907: 7818: 7808:

Retrieved 5/26/23. Approximately 20,000 in combat and 30,000 operational.

7027: 6985: 6957: 6668: 6522:, from surrounding nations. At least 20 million Chinese died during 5898: 5877: 5872: 5582: 5574:

was created to oversee all US strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under

5125: 5031: 4902: 4706:

against Japanese cities of military and industrial importance, including

4364: 4305: 4103: 4087:, its training, morale and health greatly improved. The American General 3636: 3409: 3362: 3236: 3210: 2887: 2800: 2646: 2331: 2186: 1961: 1518: 831: 580: 531: 415: 13928:

The Fleet at Flood Tide: The U.S. at Total War in the Pacific, 1944–1945

10542:

National Revolutionary Army Order of Battle for the Battle of West Hunan

9649: 8956:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Were the Japanese going to invade?" 7337: 5601:, which outlined the terms of surrender for Japan as agreed upon at the 5513:

in Borneo, only six of 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.

5001:

resulted in over 100,000 civilian deaths and was the scene of the worst

4516:'s gamble on an early victory meant that their troops starved. Once the 2986:

on 1 January 1942, the Allied governments appointed the British General

2952: 2815:

Germany; the Soviet Union was seen as unlikely to commence hostilities.

18790: 18406: 16646: 16399: 16378: 15271: 14604: 14532: 14366: 13890: 12660: 12480: 11864: 11564:

Chapter 3. LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London-Zürich (1999)"

11375: 9978: 9592: 8507: 5632: 5421: 4898: 4075:

and immediately took measures to address the famine in Bengal. General

3832: 3695: 3358: 3181: 3150: 3122: 3110: 3082: 2966: 2553: 2489:(IJN) did not integrate its units into permanent theater commands. The 2254: 1508: 1498: 228: 18699: 13500:(reprint, 1982 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 11995:

Selected Papers from the Citadel Conference on War and Diplomacy: 1978

10258: 10256: 10254: 10252: 5975:

the Bengal famine and 0.25 to 1 million deaths in British Burma.

5080:

to attack targets throughout the Philippines and the South China Sea.

4842: 4146: 3213:

called for American support with an announcement on 27 December 1941:

2939:

Thailand, with its territory already serving as a springboard for the

2927: 2656:

Chinese casualties of a mass panic during a June 1941 Japanese aerial

2536: 2015: 1886:. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the 19122: 19097: 19092: 18900: 18771: 18704: 18376: 17866: 17782: 17734: 16909: 16314: 16111: 15922: 15720: 15675: 12733:

The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War

9962: 7873: 7083: 6943: 6648: 6578:

Allied war crimes during World War II § Asia and the Pacific War

6564:

A widely publicized example of institutionalized sexual slavery are "

6041: 5636: 5606: 4544:, which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over " 4537: 4456: 4096: 3972: 3826: 3724: 3413: 3366: 3216: 2780: 2699: 2615: 2359: 2355: 2285: 2246: 2206: 2054:

to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.

2036:

during the war, the "Pacific War" was not usually distinguished from

1254: 650: 636: 302: 223: 15196: 13850:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

12472: 11856: 10729: 10727: 10488: 10221: 10030: 9870: 9854: 5890:

wounded; 335,934 killed and 426,249 wounded in Japanese air attacks.

5466:. In a series of amphibious assaults between 1 May and 21 July, the 4236:

The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theaters: Generalissimo

3654:

dive bombers surprised and attacked three of the Japanese carriers.

2759:

were noted, IJA officers were openly talking about war, and Admiral

2552:

on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The

19201: 18629: 18320: 18264: 15180: 14908: 13983:. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history. 13819:

Gordon, David M. (January 2006). "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945".

12344:

In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army

10752:

Battlefield S4/E3 – The Battle of Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory

10409: 10373: 10361: 10333: 10283: 10249: 10237: 9158: 8413: 7209:"US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics" 7013: 6610: 5782: 5665:

exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian

5657: 5649: 5510: 5306: 5235: 5189:

The Japanese forces which had been bypassed by the Allied advances

5171: 5163: 4962: 4791:. Only one American warship was slightly damaged. On the same day, 4752:

and two destroyers under attack in the Battle of the Philippine Sea

4589: 4545: 4505: 4301: 4232: 4083:

was formed to face the Japanese in Burma. Under Lieutenant General

4045: 2875:, the declaration was not delivered until after the attacks began. 2756: 2698:

had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at

2663:

The war entered a new phase with the defeat of the Japanese at the

626: 519: 170: 18096: 13557:

The War with Japan: The Period of Balance, May 1942 – October 1943

7255: 4640:

US Marines during mopping up operations on Peleliu, September 1944

4001:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theatre from 1942 to 1945 2702:

while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in

2526:, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theater from 1942 to 1945 90: 18371: 11371: 10724: 9523: 8706:"The Japanese Invasion of Dutch West Timor Island, February 1942" 8604: 8476: 7644: 7184:

US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics

5944: 5807: 5645: 5425: 5348: 5137: 4974: 4726: 4581: 4517: 4436: 3964: 3960: 3941: 3919: 3844: 3838: 3102: 2995: 2909: 2871:

signed an armistice and entered an alliance with Japan. Although

2703: 1883: 238: 14372: 14228:

Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.

13118:

Command of the Sea: The History and Strategy of Maritime Empires

11189: 11132: 3473:

on 3 May, the following day, aircraft from the American carrier

3357:

was planned to expand Japan's strategic depth by adding eastern

2366:(which controlled the coastal regions of China), respectively. 19054: 18223: 15790: 14388: 14337:"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia" compiled by Kent G. Budge 13988:

We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan

13802:

Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

11367: 10097: 10095: 9134: 7041: 6999: 6901: 6737:

since 1937, war was not officially declared. Japan would later

6674:

Pacific Theater aircraft carrier operations during World War II

5960:

Indian prisoners of war shot and bayoneted by Japanese soldiers

5918: 5617: 5516: 5462:

The Borneo campaign of 1945 was the last major campaign in the

5326: 5141: 4764:, supplemented by 500 land-based aircraft. Facing them was the 4691: 4687: 4671:

Saipan's southern point, was secured on 27 June. In the north,

4585: 4501: 4293: 4227: 4136: 4028: 3256: 3230:

as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom.

3130: 3126: 3118: 3090: 3068: 3060:

ended with the surrender of Allied forces on Java and Sumatra.

2944: 2732:

efforts mostly targeted large Chinese cities such as Shanghai,

2299: 2214: 101: 12037:

Creating Military Power: The Sources of Military Effectiveness

11173: 11171: 10799: 10320:

Volume 68, Number 4, October 2004, pp. 1143–1186 and rebuttal

9231:"Battle of Milne Bay from 25 August 1942 to 07 September 1942" 8430: 8428: 8257: 6599:

collected the body parts of dead Japanese soldiers as trophies

4240:, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the 2893:

burned for two days after being hit by a Japanese bomb in the

2873:

Japan declared war on the United States and the British Empire

770: 18416: 15978: 14058:

War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945

13224:

In a Sea of Bitterness, Refugees during the Sino-Japanese War

11120: 11043:

Meng Guoxiang & Zhang Qinyuan, 1995. "关于抗日战争中我国军民伤亡数字问题".

11024: 11022: 9832: 9830: 9755: 8061:"The Hukbalahap Insurrection: World War II and Huk Expansion" 7165: 6533:, more than 200,000 Chinese civilians were killed, while the 6509:

War crimes in World War II § Crimes perpetrated by Japan

6050: 5914: 5906: 5061: 4982: 4856: 4698:

on Saipan and Tinian from November 1944 to January 1945. The

4593: 4569: 4267: 3378: 3014: 2774:, iron ore, and steel to Japan. In Japan, the government and 2763:

was reported as saying a showdown with the US was necessary.

2733: 1321: 13521:. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute Press. 13276:

Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation

12070: 11782: 11507: 10832:"The Voice of the Crane: The Imperial Rescript of 15 Aug 45" 10775: 10092: 9415: 9327: 9273: 9122: 9110: 8789:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8758:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8710:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8679:

Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942

8096: 7917: 7738: 7736: 6541:

killed over 100,000 Filipino civilians. Japan also employed

6494:

A Filipino woman and child killed by Japanese forces in the

4551: 4426: 3025: 14281:

Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 1944–1945

13479:

The Rising Sun: the Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire

11673:

Judgement: International Military Tribunal for the Far East

11562:

Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900

11363: 11359: 11355: 11168: 10947: 9950: 9333: 9036: 9034: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8733: 8648:"Remembering 1942, The fall of Singapore, 15 February 1942" 8628: 8440: 8425: 7953: 7723: 7721: 7298:

Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths"

5621:

The mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki

5540: 5065: 4577: 3758:

finally captured the key Japanese beachhead in early 1943.

3374: 3329: 3322:. Australian and Dutch forces led civilians in a prolonged 3010: 2828: 2804: 14265:

The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944

14170:

Prange, Gordon W. Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon.

13724:

The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance

13158:

China's Bloody Century Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900

12885:

Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China

11758: 11019: 10211: 10209: 9827: 9779: 7839: 7827: 6722:

Fighting an undeclared war against Japan since 7 July 1937

5489:

The campaign opened with a landing on the small island of

4492:

The Japanese launched a long-planned offensive, codenamed

4329:, as seen through the periscope of an American submarine, 17710:

States and territories in the sphere of influence of the

14221:. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963 14080:

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

13715:

Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King

13082:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

13059:

Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway

12444:(reprint, 1995 ed.). Random House Publishing Group. 11540: 11477: 11390: 10811: 10644: 10509: 10507: 10300: 10298: 10273: 10271: 10051: 10049: 9743: 9731: 9496: 9391: 8506:. United States Congress. 8 December 1941. Archived from 8357:"The Effects of Strategic Bombing on Japan's War Economy" 7965: 7851: 7733: 7219: 7217: 7128: 7126: 7124: 6664:

Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan

5309:. At Okinawa, the kamikazes caused 4,900 American deaths. 4370: 14312:

The Imperial Japanese Army: The Invincible Years 1941–42

13958:

Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau.

13772:(New ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company Inc. 11874:

Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941

11244: 10555: 10154: 10020: 10018: 10016: 10003: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9796: 9794: 9719: 9554: 9379: 9285: 9261: 9213: 9211: 9209: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9179: 9177: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9077: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9046: 9031: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9003: 8875: 8858: 8552:"The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan" 8374: 7718: 6881:

These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.

6609:

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East in

5452:

Australian soldiers landing at Balikpapan on 7 July 1945

5098: 3914: 2922: 2916:, was beyond the Imperial Japanese Navy's capabilities. 2591:

German-trained Chinese troops in downtown Shanghai, 1937

13873:

Dark Trophies. Hunting and the Enemy Body in Modern War

13335:

World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites

11746: 10958: 10421: 10397: 10385: 10206: 9886: 9842: 9249: 9146: 8834: 8403: 8401: 8035:"World War II and the founding of the Vietnamese state" 7473: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7267: 5943:

of Japan at that time. The war created 95 million

15050:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

14249:

Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942

12442:

The War in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Tokyo Bay

11670:"Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities)". 11222:"British Losses & Losses Inflicted on Axis Navies" 11156: 11144: 11058: 11039: 11037: 10787: 10596: 10594: 10504: 10445: 10433: 10295: 10268: 10046: 9542: 9486: 9484: 9309: 9297: 9019: 8452: 8108: 7977: 7789: 7787: 7753: 7751: 7497: 7495: 7214: 7153: 7121: 4981:

operations, in support of major landings scheduled on

4805:

was also sunk by a single torpedo, from the submarine

4201:

group. Landings from September until December secured

4095:, directed aid to China and prepared to construct the 4063:, who headed the British Indian Army. In October 1943 3571:—and believed that the Americans had a maximum of two— 2749: 2580:

in mid-December 1937 and committing atrocities in the

2377:. Collaborationist security units were also formed in 2225:) was also involved. All of these were members of the 13946:

China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945

12303: 11807:

The Final Campaign: Marines in the Victory on Okinawa

11776: 11295: 11216: 11214: 11212: 11096: 10922: 10130: 10013: 9994: 9806: 9791: 9631: 9444: 9442: 9206: 9189: 9174: 9089: 9058: 9000: 8245: 8233: 8182: 7989: 4381:, the largest non-nuclear submarines ever constructed 3535:

was left undamaged, aircraft and personnel losses to

2471:(CBI). However, these were not operational commands. 2423:

both had limited involvement in the Pacific War. The

2082:. Japanese officials integrated what they called the 13665:

TM 30-480 Handbook On Japanese Military Forces, 1942

12932:

The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945

12913:

The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History

12665:

Who Actually Fought the Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945?

12502:

American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration

12325:

War Without Mercy: Race and Power In the Pacific War

12308:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 11973: 10712: 9427: 9403: 8419: 8398: 8386: 8362: 7929: 7670: 7668: 7458:"New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II " 7397: 7315: 7303: 6620: 5932:) implemented in May 1942 in north China by general 5076:. These islands provided bases for the US Fifth and 4730:

strategic value of the landings is still contested.

4446: 4421: 3587:

was undergoing repair after a torpedo attack, while

3063:

In March and April, an IJN carrier force launched a

2050:

was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the

14122:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976. 13736:. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki 13441:

Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II

12671: 12306:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

11734: 11680: 11612: 11489: 11402: 11034: 10591: 10579: 10567: 10476: 10470: 10415: 10379: 10367: 10339: 10289: 10262: 10243: 9481: 9454: 8616: 8158: 8146: 7879: 7784: 7772: 7748: 7492: 7143: 7141: 5182:, which had been abandoned earlier, be reinstated. 4147:

Allied offensives on New Guinea and up the Solomons

3416:, the Japanese east coast was left open to attack. 3381:, and strategic points in the Australian area. The 3176:began executing plans to make a final stand on the 2827:Following prolonged tensions between Japan and the 2513: 362: 14019:Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942 13691: 13575: 13345:Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan 13138:United States Submarine Operations in World War II 12805:(2010). James C. Hsiung; Steven I. Levine (eds.). 11722: 11209: 9767: 9439: 8300: 8281: 8269: 7941: 7706: 7357:Hara, Tameichi, with Fred Saito and Roger Pineau. 6639:Dissent in the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan 3045:on 19 February, which killed at least 243 people. 313:Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean 14296:A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II 14224:Shaw, Henry, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh. 14129:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. 14115:Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 1967. 13694:Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific 13578:Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea 13402:China and the Origins of the Pacific War, 1931–41 13051:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press. 12827:Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics 12672:Heinrichs, Waldo H.; Gallicchio, Marc S. (2017). 12169:Cook, Haruko Taya; Cook, Theodore Failor (1993). 12160:Coakley, Robert W.; Leighton, Richard M. (1989). 12015: 11645:"Denial of the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking" 11005:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 10675:"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan" 10177: 8610: 8540:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates, Inc. 8347:, London & New York, Routledge Curzon, p. 85. 8345:Language, Ideology and Japanese History Textbooks 8221: 8170: 7769:Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, "Relatório 1946–47", AHU 7665: 7237:"Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies" 7211:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Footnote 2. 5572:United States Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific 5254:, a total of 70,647 troops, under the command of 3720:and New Guinea. From July 1942, a few Australian 3716:Japanese land forces continued to advance in the 3109:and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division, led by 2831:, units of the IJN and IJA launched simultaneous 2723:culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941 2501:during the Second Sino-Japanese War, created the 2325: 19296: 19279:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 13897:. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959. 13319:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. 12187: 11624: 11138: 10544:". China Whampoa Academy Net. 11 September 2007 8600:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc. 8570:– via Pearl Harbor History Associates Inc. 8209: 7138: 6531:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5913:killed about 7 million Indian civilians in 4846:The four engagements in the Battle of Leyte Gulf 4367:, much to the consternation of its German ally. 4356:and only occasionally attacked US supply lines. 3951:After the Doolittle Raid, the IJA conducted the 3814:, resulting in the sinking of the light carrier 2947:on 19 December, encountering little resistance. 2867:and were resisted for several hours, before the 2625:In 1939, Japanese forces tried to push into the 19249:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 13906:Neptune's Inferno: The U.S. Navy at Guadalcanal 13538:The Battle Of Leyte Gulf: The Last Fleet Action 12567:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Anchor Books. 12396: 12367:Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939 12159: 12092:China's Bitter Victory: War with Japan, 1937–45 12016:Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). 11326:, 10,495 killed and 21,456 wounded in the 1938 11275: 11108: 11046: 8263: 8203:Forgotten Ally: China's World War II, 1937-1945 8084: 7478:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 66. 7474:Dear, I.C.B; Foot, M.R.D. (2005). "Australia". 7171: 5547:Hard-fought battles on the Japanese islands of 4071:as its Supreme Commander. Wavell was appointed 3290:reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese 2822: 2497:to oversee its occupation of Manchukuo and the 2140:is also used, referring to the period from the 2133: 2114: 2094: 2071: 18233: 13847: 13582:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 13084:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 12992:A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War 12990:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan R. (2001). 12809:(illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. 12674:Implacable Foes: War in the Pacific, 1944–1945 12586:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 12247:Crawford, Keith A.; Foster, Stuart J. (2007). 12246: 11322:(12,031 killed and 24,425 wounded in the 1945 11126: 10688:, BBC History) Access date: 11 September 2007. 10606: 7186:, Naval History and Heritage Command, Table 9. 3701: 2435:in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, notably the 2276:of April 1941, until August 1945 when it (and 2260:The Soviet Union fought two short, undeclared 2156:Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939 2127: 2108: 2088: 2063: 18112: 17695: 14404: 14031:United States Army Center of Military History 13382:The Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific War 13188:. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center. 13055: 12989: 12716:Studies on the Population of China, 1368–1953 12164:. Washington, DC: Center of Military History. 12034: 11954: 11918: 11422:"Russia and USSR in Wars of the 20th Century" 11177: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10101: 9761: 9140: 9128: 7923: 7342:Major British Warship Losses in World War II. 6694:Wallis and Futuna during the Second World War 5862:shortages, massacres, shelling, and bombing. 4795:was hit by four torpedoes from the submarine 4678:A month after the invasion of Saipan, the US 4220:These landings prepared the way for Nimitz's 4117: 1473: 1459: 1307: 786: 13944:Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. 13786: 13744:The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23–26 October 1944 13205:World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia 12752:History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) 12397:Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (1994). 12373: 12268:Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons 12035:Brooks, Risa; Stanley, Elizabeth A. (2007). 11921:Forgotten Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia 11266:. 15 August 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 11192:"65th anniversary of Victory over Japan Day" 10669: 10667: 9421: 9279: 9116: 8930:"Remembering the war in New Guinea – Rabaul" 8446: 8434: 8380: 5517:Landings in the Japanese home islands (1945) 4623:. It was in this area that the newly formed 4228:Invasion of the Gilbert and Marshall Islands 2595:In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their 2568:against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly 2451:Between 1942 and 1945, there were four main 2177:. The US and its territories, including the 18596:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 13922: 13900: 13895:Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War 13573: 13056:Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). 12768:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 12265: 11919:Blackburn, Kevin; Hack, Karl, eds. (2007). 10895:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 675. 10840:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 10829: 10534: 10181:; Kosuge, Margaret; Kibata, Yōichi (2000). 9956: 9836: 9785: 9339: 8887: 8813: 8782: 8703: 8697: 8675:"The capture of Bali Island, February 1942" 7375: 4031:, important for its port and airfield. The 3666:were destroyed. A single Japanese carrier, 3301: 2436: 2101:into the Greater East Asia War. During the 699:Over 4,000,000 soldiers killed (1937–1945) 18119: 18105: 17702: 17688: 14411: 14397: 13317:Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb 12496: 12188:Corfield, Justin; Corfield, Robin (2012). 12150: 12131: 12007:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11345:"Soviet Losses in the Khalkhin Gol Battle" 11028: 10805: 10524: 10522: 10166: 9716:新聞記者が語りつぐ戦争 16 中国慰霊読売新聞社 (1983/2) p. 187. 9610: 9328:Chevrier, Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004 8919:Cited in Frank Crowley (1973) Vol 2, p. 51 7971: 7857: 7742: 7688:"Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945" 6810:United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan 5844:American corpses sprawled on the beach of 5057:aided US forces to dispatch the holdouts. 4897:However, after Center Force departed from 4886:. The Center Force would pass through the 4193:to secure a secretly constructed Japanese 3948:, the first Allied success against Japan. 2770:, which controlled the Dutch East Indies, 2407:the overthrow of the French regime in 1945 1956:pitted against Japan, the latter aided by 1466: 1452: 1314: 1300: 793: 779: 18999:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 18609:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 14040:South-West Pacific Area – First Year 13993: 13848:Harries, Meirion; Harries, Susie (1994). 12959: 12915:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford University Press. 12882: 12548:. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 12545:Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945 12527:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12425:. Stanford University Press. p. 89. 12071:Chevrier; Chomiczewski; Garrigue (2004). 11804: 10664: 10439: 8785:"The conquest of Java Island, March 1942" 8188: 7872:: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing, 7845: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7229: 7197:Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy 6960:27,000 killed, more than 70,000 prisoners 6904:10 million casualties, 3.8 million deaths 6823:United States declaration of war on Japan 6715: 6654:Japanese-American service in World War II 6151:Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands 5627:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4935: 4552:Beginning of the end in the Pacific, 1944 4427:Japanese counteroffensives in China, 1944 3458:The attack on Port Moresby was codenamed 3259:on 23 January 1942. On 19 February 1942, 2992:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command 2878: 2725:, effectively ending their co-operation. 2338:included the authoritarian government of 1991:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1905:The Second Sino-Japanese War between the 18382:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 17831:Reorganized National Government of China 14036: 13870: 13689: 13605: 13554: 13535: 13514: 13495: 13115: 13049:Japanese Merchant Marine in World War II 12910: 12749: 12638: 12603:Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze 12458: 12423:The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals 12206: 12168: 12115:Tidal Wave: From Leyte Gulf to Tokyo Bay 12089: 12057: 11955:Bond, Brian; Tachikawa, Kyoichi (2004). 11876:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 11788: 11278:"Canada at War Against Japan, 1941–1945" 10933:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 ( 10890: 10781: 10528: 10189:Continuum International Publishing Group 10148: 10040: 9972: 9725: 9697: 9656:, Hyperwar project ed. Patrick Clancey, 9560: 9350: 9348: 9291: 9267: 9255: 9168: 9152: 9040: 8881: 8869: 8852: 8745: 8392: 7959: 7528:/chapter5_10_1.html#5_10_51 the original 7413:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDower1986 ( 7273: 7261: 7223: 7159: 7132: 6555: 6489: 6040: 6025: 5955: 5839: 5749: 5656:, with detractors claiming that a naval 5616: 5534: 5447: 5312: 5294: 5211: 5102: 5008: 4939: 4841: 4743: 4635: 4450: 4369: 4318: 4231: 4173:in March 1942, Cartwheel began with the 4121: 3988: 3918: 3765: 3598: 3442: 3333: 3330:Japanese strategy and the Doolittle Raid 3215: 3144: 3024: 2926: 2882: 2786: 2687:; in retaliation, Japan instituted the " 2651: 2586: 2535: 2517: 2508: 2302:provided air support in the form of the 2151: 2014: 1418:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936) 1359:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895) 13799: 13559:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 13419: 13333:Smith, J. Douglas, and Richard Jensen. 13221: 13202: 13183: 13076: 13046: 12863: 12750:Hsu Long-hsuen; Chang Ming-kai (1971). 12730: 12718:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 12699:]. Iwanami Bukkuretto. p. 43. 12619: 12600: 12162:Global Logistics and Strategy 1943–1945 12112: 12064:Hammer and Sickle against Samurai Sword 11902:Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan 11396: 10737: 10519: 10498: 10427: 10403: 10391: 10355: 10351: 10231: 10215: 10055: 9988: 9968: 9892: 9876: 9860: 9848: 9530: 9433: 9303: 8840: 8739: 8672: 8634: 8458: 8164: 8152: 8114: 8102: 7983: 7935: 6744: 6045:Charred remains of civilians killed in 4055:In August 1943 the Allies formed a new 2755:troop build-ups in Hainan, Taiwan, and 2292:and Japanese-claimed territory such as 423: 211:(3 years, 8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) 14: 19297: 19197:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 18076:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 17783:Mengjiang United Autonomous Government 16258: 16236:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 14151: 14132: 14097:Okumiya, Masatake and Fuchida, Mitso. 14055: 13818: 13741: 13633: 13596: 13476: 13457: 13438: 13379: 13314: 13264: 13240: 13154: 13145: 13134: 13008: 12929: 12782: 12758: 12690: 12622:Nanjing 1937: Battle for a Doomed City 12562: 12487: 12439: 12284: 12060:Serp i Molot Protiv Samuraiskogo Mecha 11880: 11871: 11764: 11740: 11686: 11663: 11642: 11618: 11465:uboat.net. Retrieved 24 February 2018. 11190:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). 11162: 11150: 11102: 11064: 10793: 10733: 10600: 10585: 10573: 10513: 10494: 10482: 10466: 10451: 10304: 10277: 10227: 10036: 10024: 10007: 9984: 9880: 9864: 9821: 9800: 9490: 9460: 9374:Science in the 20th Century and Beyond 9315: 9217: 9200: 9183: 9164: 9104: 9083: 9071: 9052: 9025: 9013: 8962:from the original on 16 September 2011 8818:. Dutch East Indies Campaign website. 8751: 8716:from the original on 25 September 2013 8622: 8532:from the original on 24 September 2015 8484:from the original on 12 September 2014 8407: 8368: 8287: 8251: 8239: 8200: 7995: 7901:, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An 7833: 7757: 7364: 7321: 6753: 6592:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 6537:concluded that over 300,000 died. The 5816:Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers 5802:In Japan, 14 August is considered the 4801:and sank with heavy loss of life. The 4631: 4310:played a major role in defeating Japan 4110:in China, but were driven back by the 3688:, were sunk by the Japanese submarine 3200: 2783:" ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch"). 2641:, which was controlled at the time by 2584:, including rape, murder and torture. 2229:. From 1944 the French commando group 2173:. China had already been engaged in a 2080:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 321:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 19310:Military history of the Pacific Ocean 18100: 17683: 17107:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 16539:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 16185:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 16141:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15246:Rape during the occupation of Germany 14392: 14309: 14104:Potter, E. B. and Chester W. Nimitz. 14016:Matloff, Maurice and Snell, Edwin M. 13998:(New ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: 13990:. University Press of Kentucky, 1988. 13767: 13730:Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds. 13721: 13712: 13698:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 13098: 13027: 12938: 12541: 12417: 12322: 11945: 11842: 11823: 11752: 11728: 11600:from the original on 28 November 2015 11483: 10979:"Remember role in ending fascist war" 10928: 10817: 10763:from the original on 27 November 2015 10718: 10620:from the original on 2 September 2017 10136: 10074:The Netherlands East Indies 1941–1942 9737: 9660:from the original on 17 February 2009 9637: 9598: 9502: 9448: 9397: 9385: 9345: 9237:from the original on 15 December 2018 8958:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au. 19 February 1942. 8776: 8176: 8080: 8078: 7885: 7727: 7674: 7501: 7408: 7309: 6946:Over 51,000 casualties, 17,501 killed 6932:Up to 231,119 casualties, 82,000 dead 6454:Germany lost ten submarines and four 5434:Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei 5099:Allied offensives in Burma, 1944–1945 4704:an intense strategic bombing campaign 4702:based out of these islands conducted 4532:. They captured a fortified position 4250:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 3915:Stalemate in China and Southeast Asia 3324:guerilla campaign in Portuguese Timor 2923:South-East Asian campaigns of 1941–42 2865:invaded southern and eastern Thailand 2493:(IJA), which had already created the 2369:Japan conscripted many soldiers from 2003:by the Allies. Japan lost its former 1874:that was fought in eastern Asia, the 1447: 1295: 774: 18601:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 18357:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 17867:Provisional Government of Free India 16229:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 15261:Rape during the liberation of France 14198: 14186:Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History 14108:. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles 14099:Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan 13804:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13746:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13292: 12945:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 12901: 12844: 12823: 12645:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 12581: 12522: 12382:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 12364: 12341: 12225: 11992: 11546: 11495: 11408: 11250: 10846:from the original on 10 January 2012 10616:. National Science Digital Library. 10561: 10160: 10115:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 9912:from the original on 24 October 2019 9749: 9548: 9409: 9223: 8901:from the original on 17 January 2012 8754:"The Java Sea Battle, February 1942" 8562:from the original on 14 January 2010 8343:Cited by Christopher Barnard, 2003, 8275: 8215: 7947: 7819:"Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory" 7793: 7778: 7476:The Oxford Companion to World War II 7383:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 2, 3. 6482:) in the Indian and Pacific oceans. 5631:On 6 August 1945, the US dropped an 5026:, with the squadron attached to the 5024:Fuerza Aérea Expedicionaria Mexicana 4477:began an advance along the coast in 4288:Allied submarines in the Pacific War 4281: 3099:Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma 2618:, or in the case of the Communists, 2280:) joined the rest of the Allies and 2272:, then remained neutral through the 19269:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 18511:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 18126: 14355:Animated History of the Pacific War 13976:(University Press of Kansas, 2018). 13717:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13398: 13350: 13278:. London: Oxford University Press. 13273: 13141:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 13062:. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. 12801: 12490:Chinese-Soviet Relations, 1937–1945 12287:Within a Presumption of Godlessness 11899: 11630: 11414: 11309:, canadianheroes.org, 13 May 2002, 11262:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead". 11082:The International Churchill Society 10699:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb 10652:from the original on 10 August 2015 9773: 8654:from the original on 20 August 2008 8227: 7712: 7652:"Chinese People Contribute to WWII" 7605:"Leyte Gulf: The Mexican Air Force" 7241:The Army Air Forces in World War II 7147: 5786:broadcast the rescript of surrender 5597:, Chiang, and Churchill issued the 5484:Australian First Tactical Air Force 5266:landed on the southeast coast near 5124:The Indian XV Corps (including two 4831: 4556:In May 1943, the Japanese prepared 4261: 3864:, coupled with the earlier loss of 3774:Allied forces became aware through 3750:On New Guinea, the Japanese on the 3265:Australia was attacked from the air 2750:Tensions between Japan and the West 2235:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army 2165:The major Allied participants were 2027: 1902:in the last few months of the war. 24: 17771:South Chahar Autonomous Government 17759:North Shanxi Autonomous Government 16455:German invasion of the Netherlands 14735:Weather events during World War II 13955:University of Michigan Press, 1982 13764:(University Press of Kansas, 2018) 13676: 12887:. University of California Press. 12713: 12659: 12506:The Johns Hopkins University Press 12066:] (in Russian). Moscow: Veche. 11570:from the original on 23 March 2010 11516:from the original on 11 March 2016 11508:Australia-Japan Research Project. 11232:from the original on 24 April 2019 11114: 11052: 10872:from the original on 7 August 2008 10697:See, for example, Alperowitz, G., 10067: 9536:Larry Kimmett and Margaret Regis, 8685:from the original on 25 March 2012 8075: 7899:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 6724:, declared war on 9 December 1941. 6704:Johnston Atoll during World War II 5997:), 2 destroyers, and 3 corvettes. 4646:Mariana and Palau Islands campaign 4308:, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam, 4165:In June 1943, the Allies launched 4005: 3931: 3527:. In return the Americans damaged 3270:In early 1942 elements of the IJN 3071:were hit and the aircraft carrier 2310:sent naval support in the form of 2282:invaded the territory of Manchukuo 209:7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945 183:Japanese soldiers in China during 25: 19321: 17086:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 14330: 13969:. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972. 13930:. Random House Publishing Group. 13908:. Random House Publishing Group. 13875:. New York City: Berghahn Books. 12906:. University of California Press. 12904:Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power 12421:(2007). Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (ed.). 12113:Cleaver, Thomas McKelvey (2018). 11651:from the original on 3 March 2016 11354:, losses at Khalkin Gol were: 30 10866:"Chronology of Japanese Holdouts" 10673:Professor Duncan Anderson, 2005, 10080:from the original on 26 July 2011 9601:, pp. 359–360, 551–552, 816. 8936:from the original on 24 July 2011 8822:from the original on 26 July 2011 8795:from the original on 26 July 2011 8764:from the original on 26 July 2011 8582:"Australia Declares War on Japan" 7634:". Roy M. MacLeod (2000). p. 51. 7583:"Honouring NZ's Pacific War dead" 6699:Palmyra Atoll during World War II 5911:1943–1945 Indian famine in Bengal 4866:, which included the battleships 4733: 4576:, New Guinea, then westward past 4447:Japanese offensive in India, 1944 4422:Japanese offensives in Asia, 1944 4402:officer had seized a copy of the 4091:, who commanded US forces in the 3694:. With the striking power of the 3272:proposed an invasion of Australia 3039:air attacks on northern Australia 2503:Southern Expeditionary Army Group 2044:. In the United States, the term 1997:Japan surrendered unconditionally 441: 406: 18969:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 18232: 18055: 18043: 18031: 18019: 18007: 17995: 17983: 17970: 17957: 17945: 17933: 17921: 17909: 17897: 17885: 17872: 17860: 17848: 17836: 17824: 17812: 17800: 17788: 17776: 17764: 17752: 17747:East Hebei Autonomous Government 17740: 17728: 17646: 14418: 13399:Sun, Youli (15 September 1996). 12020:. University of Michigan Press. 11976:Germany and the Second World War 11692: 11636: 11582: 11552: 11531: 11501: 11468: 11449: 11440: 11381: 11337: 11334:), 205 advisors killed in China. 11316: 11269: 11256: 11183: 11070: 10997: 10971: 10941: 10909: 10884: 10858: 10823: 10743: 10691: 10632: 10310: 10142: 10107: 10070:"201st Mexican Fighter Squadron" 10061: 9924: 9898: 9710: 9671: 9643: 9619:from the original on 11 May 2008 9604: 9579: 9566: 9508: 9466: 9366: 8984:. Home.st.net.au. Archived from 8974: 8948: 8922: 8913: 8846: 8807: 8666: 8640: 8592:from the original on 13 May 2008 8574: 8544: 8514: 8496: 8464: 7034: 7020: 7006: 6992: 6978: 6964: 6950: 6936: 6922: 6908: 6894: 6851: 6828: 6815: 6802: 6644:European theatre of World War II 6623: 6571: 5835: 5812:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 5759:Japanese Instrument of Surrender 5221:, an iconic photograph taken by 5022:fighter-squadron as part of the 4977:, a key location in the planned 4953:Philippines campaign (1944–1945) 4607:In February 1944, the US Navy's 3858:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 3794:, commander of the newly formed 3733:Second Australian Imperial Force 3159:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 3081:In Burma, the Japanese captured 2979:off Malaya on 10 December 1941. 2863:. Concurrently, Japanese forces 2544:In 1931, without declaring war, 2514:Conflict between China and Japan 1983:largest naval battles in history 1399:German Pacific possesions (1914) 649: 642: 635: 625: 615: 599: 589: 579: 570: 560: 550: 525: 513: 489: 477: 465: 425: 391: 378: 364: 282:Removal of Japanese troops from 129: 120: 109: 100: 89: 80: 50:Pacific theater (disambiguation) 18984:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 17807:Provisional Government of China 14343:Film Footage of the Pacific War 14217:Shaw, Henry, and Douglas Kane. 12525:A Military History of Australia 11978:. Vol. 6: The Global War. 10471:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10416:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10380:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10368:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10340:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10290:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10263:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 10244:Heinrichs & Gallicchio 2017 9538:U.S. Submarines in World War II 9362:. 21 February 1944. p. 45. 8504:"Declaration of War with Japan" 8477:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 8350: 8337: 8334:("Historical Dictionary"), 1980 8325: 8293: 8194: 8120: 8053: 8027: 8001: 7891: 7863: 7811: 7799: 7763: 7680: 7622: 7597: 7575: 7516: 7507: 7467: 7451: 7442: 7421: 7351: 7327: 7291: 7279: 7202: 7189: 7177: 7089: 7076: 7058: 7049: 6884: 6875: 6865: 6789: 6780: 6771: 6006:Mongolian casualties were 753. 5951: 5810:(Victory in Japan). The formal 5672: 5612: 5443: 5361:. Under the command of Admiral 5083: 5034:, surrendered on 9 March 1974. 4930:largest naval battle in history 4602:Gilberts and then the Marshalls 4181:, in which the Allies used the 2851:and the British territories of 2455:in the Pacific War: China, the 2431:navies operated submarines and 2334:-aligned states which assisted 2274:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 2147: 1976:strategy. The Allies adopted a 1374:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905) 800: 19239:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 18352:Imperial Rescript on Education 17333:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 15043:Territorial changes of Germany 14951:Indonesian National Revolution 14298:, Cambridge University Press. 14203:. University of Hawaii Press. 14101:. Naval Institute Press, 1955. 13663:United States War Department. 13422:The Allied Occupation of Japan 12868:. Kluwer Academic Publishing. 12251:. Charlotte: Information Age. 9934:. 3 March 2016. Archived from 9611:RD Designs (7 December 1941). 8982:"Midget Submarines history at" 8522:"Canada Declares War on Japan" 8472:"Prime Minister's Declaration" 6762: 6727: 5404: 5162:captured the supply centre of 4748:The Japanese aircraft carrier 4353:unrestricted submarine warfare 4296:in the Philippines (1941–42); 3876:and heavy submarine damage to 3812:Battle of the Eastern Solomons 3790:in the Solomons. Vice Admiral 3761: 3349:as part of the Doolittle Raid. 3255:beginning with the capture of 3140: 3067:. British Royal Navy bases in 3002:to assume control of ABDACOM. 2935:to the Japanese, February 1942 2326:Axis powers and aligned states 2290:Japanese protectorate of Korea 1960:and to a lesser extent by the 1915:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 18:Pacific Theater (World War II) 13: 1: 18685:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 18591:Imperial General Headquarters 18182:Foreign commerce and shipping 17795:Shanghai Great Way Government 16733:Japanese invasion of Thailand 16684:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 16448:German invasion of Luxembourg 14829:Mediterranean and Middle East 14174:. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor 14137:. Dulles, Virginia: Penguin. 14090:(UP of Kansas, 2015) 198 pp. 13962:. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze. 13609:China at War: An Encyclopedia 13601:. New York: The Viking Press. 12939:Meyer, Milton Walter (1997). 12563:Hanson, Victor Davis (2004). 12192:. Singapore: Talisman Books. 12171:Japan at War: an Oral History 11997:. Charleston. pp. 27–40. 11845:The Pacific Historical Review 11805:Alexander, Joseph H. (1996). 11512:. Australian War Memorial f. 11424:. И. И. Ивлев. Archived from 9932:"Uncommon Valor: 1940 – 1945" 8897:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. 8611:Brecher & Wilkenfeld 1997 8009:"WW2 People's War – Timeline" 7110: 6586:has been described by writer 6485: 6291:Andaman & Nicobar Islands 5825: 5725:Invasion of the Kuril Islands 5305:burns after being hit by two 4756:When the Americans landed on 4700:United States Army Air Forces 4404:Japanese merchant marine code 4038:26th Indian Infantry Division 4033:14th Indian Infantry Division 3261:Darwin was hit by an air raid 3043:bombing of the city of Darwin 3033:, Australia, 19 February 1942 2984:Declaration by United Nations 2977:sunk by a Japanese air attack 2793:Imperial General Headquarters 2717:, one of which was headed by 2578:capturing the capital Nanjing 2348:Collaborationist Chinese Army 2205:; in addition to troops from 2040:, or was known simply as the 1664:Mediterranean and Middle East 19017:Hirohito surrender broadcast 18412:Greater East Asia Conference 18081:Greater East Asia Conference 17819:Reformed Government of China 16640:Invasion of the Soviet Union 16329:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 15647:Independent State of Croatia 14060:. US Naval Institute Press. 13793:The Pacific War Encyclopedia 13574:Y'Blood, William T. (1981). 13540:. Indiana University Press. 13226:. Harvard University Press. 13184:Russell, Richard A. (1997). 13013:. Pen & Sword Military. 12994:. Harvard University Press. 12830:. Cornell University Press. 12731:Hopkins, William B. (2010). 12605:(First ed.). Casemate. 12403:. Harvard University Press. 12348:University of Nebraska Press 12327:. New York: Pantheon Books. 12151:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). 12132:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002). 11904:. New York: Harper Collins. 11324:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 11139:Corfield & Corfield 2012 10640:"Statement by The President" 8128:"Map of the Pacific Theater" 7806:USSBS Summary Report, p. 67. 7115: 6735:invading and occupying China 6604: 6524:the Second Sino-Japanese War 5739: 5677:In February 1945 during the 5563:. This view is explained by 5273:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima 5218:Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima 4824:to their carriers at night. 4740:Battle of the Philippine Sea 4471:Northern Combat Area Command 4408:Office of Naval Intelligence 4205:and landed Allied troops on 3637:abortive identical operation 3432: 2823:Japanese offensives, 1941–42 2597:first victory at Taierzhuang 2362:), and the collaborationist 2175:war against Japan since 1937 2169:, the United States and the 1645:Manchuria and Northern Korea 1247:Manchuria and Northern Korea 711:26,000,000+ (1937–1945) 690:84 destroyers & frigates 147:raising a flag over Iwo Jima 32:Pacific War (disambiguation) 7: 18397:Supreme Court of Judicature 17880:Republic of the Philippines 17624:End of World War II in Asia 17464:Western invasion of Germany 16971:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 16948:Second Battle of El Alamein 16518:Hundred Regiments Offensive 16490:Battle of the Mediterranean 16343:Italian invasion of Albania 14517:Air warfare of World War II 14373:Imperial Japanese Navy Page 14191:Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. 13994:Lundstrom, John B. (2005). 13821:Journal of Military History 13518:The Barrier and the Javelin 13443:. Boulder: Westview Press. 13274:Sen, Amartya Kumar (1999). 13116:Reynolds, Clark G. (1974). 12911:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). 12883:MacKinnon, Stephen (2008). 12691:Himeta, Mitsuyoshi (1995). 12676:. Oxford University Press. 11950:. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 11358:, 27 BT-7RTs,2 BT-7As, 127 10318:Journal of Military History 9705:The Pacific War: Day By Day 9233:. Australian War Memorial. 8264:Fairbank & Goldman 1994 7824:. Retrieved on 5 June 2009. 7526:. И.И.Ивлев. Archived from 7439:, including Canadian troops 7172:Coakley & Leighton 1989 6845:Nuremberg War Crimes Trials 6616: 6597:American soldiers commonly 6535:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal 6513: 5727:(18 August to 1 September) 5559:as a means of avoiding the 5438:offensive to retake Guangxi 5201: 5090:End of World War II in Asia 5072:and several islands in the 4777:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 4304:, Australia; Pearl Harbor; 4112:Chinese Expeditionary Force 3886:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 3702:New Guinea and the Solomons 3682:, along with the destroyer 3115:Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road 2446: 2134: 2115: 2095: 2072: 2010: 1045:Dutch East Indies (1941–42) 1002:Strategic bombing (1944–45) 747:2,500,000+ dead (1937–1945) 176:Indian soldiers during the 10: 19326: 19108:Second Philippine Republic 18881:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 17940:Occupied Dutch East Indies 17550:Naval bombardment of Japan 16918:First Battle of El Alamein 16837:Battle of Christmas Island 16782:Japanese invasion of Burma 16546:Italian invasion of Greece 16462:German invasion of Belgium 16434:German invasion of Denmark 16407:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 16276:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 14540:Comparative military ranks 14369:– at The War Times Journal 14056:Miller, Edward S. (2007). 13690:Bergerud, Eric M. (2000). 13680: 13634:Yahara, Hiromichi (1997). 13606:Xiaobing, Li, ed. (2012). 13481:. New York: Random House. 13222:Schoppa, R. Keith (2011). 12824:Lind, Jennifer M. (2010). 12787:. Helion and Company Ltd. 12765:The Making of Modern Japan 12584:Japanese Destroyer Captain 12209:The Pacific War: 1941–1945 11797: 11127:Crawford & Foster 2007 10893:The Pacific War: 1941-1945 7359:Japanese Destroyer Captain 6575: 6506: 6500: 6034:on US Marine positions in 5743: 5711:Invasion of South Sakhalin 5624: 5520: 5455: 5408: 5288: 5284: 5205: 5116:Burma campaign (1944–1945) 5113: 5087: 4950: 4835: 4781:combat-information centers 4737: 4643: 4509:captured on Kohima ridge. 4462: 4285: 4247: 4150: 4118:Allied offensives, 1943–44 4009: 3923:Chinese troops during the 3741:Royal Australian Air Force 3735:. In early September 1942 3705: 3615: 3436: 3156: 3149:Surrender of US forces at 3065:raid into the Indian Ocean 3058:Dutch East Indies campaign 2900: 2685:offensive in Central China 2550:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 2529: 2231:Corps Léger d'Intervention 1999:on 15 August 1945 and was 1933:, the British colonies of 1892:South West Pacific theater 1323:Military campaigns of the 1194:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands 621:7,800,000–7,900,000 (1945) 325:Seizure and annexation of 277:Allied occupation of Japan 192:atomic bombing of Nagasaki 43: 36: 29: 19216: 19189: 19131: 19085: 19042: 19035: 18989:Japan during World War II 18944:Pacification of Manchukuo 18914: 18844: 18836:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 18831:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 18769: 18762: 18713: 18700:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 18653: 18579: 18572: 18519: 18437: 18430: 18422:Imperial Japanese Airways 18329: 18276: 18241: 18230: 18134: 18071: 17722: 17639: 17471:Bratislava–Brno offensive 17411: 17402:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 17139: 17026:Allied invasion of Sicily 16980: 16886:Aleutian Islands campaign 16858:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 16805: 16796:Greek famine of 1941–1944 16691:Second Battle of Changsha 16596:German invasion of Greece 16564: 16441:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 16416: 16354: 16249: 16130: 15856: 15766: 15614: 15317: 15308: 15066: 14891: 14783:North and Central Pacific 14744: 14506: 14499: 14426: 14239:: At Peleliu and Okinawa. 14037:McCarthy, Dudley (1959). 13365:10.1080/03068370500039151 13203:Sandler, Stanley (2001). 13146:Roscoe, Theodore (1958). 13135:Roscoe, Theodore (1949). 13047:Parillo, Mark P. (1993). 13032:. Clear Mind Publishing. 12975:10.1017/S0026749X06002198 12440:Gailey, Harry A. (2011). 12240:10.1080/09668137308410900 12117:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 12058:Cherevko, Kirill (2003). 12041:Stanford University Press 11510:"Dispositions and deaths" 11178:Blackburn & Hack 2007 10184:Japanese prisoners of war 10120:29 September 2019 at the 10102:Brooks & Stanley 2007 9762:Bond & Tachikawa 2004 9141:Parshall & Tully 2005 9129:Parshall & Tully 2005 8814:Womack, Tom (1999–2000). 8319:British Newspaper Archive 8302:"Japans desperate gamble" 7924:Murray & Millett 2001 7817:Bren, John (3 June 2005) 7585:. Beehive. 15 August 2005 6000: 5903:Chinese famine of 1942–43 5830: 5094:Aftermath of World War II 4945:General Douglas MacArthur 4128:landing at Rendova Island 4099:to link India and China. 4093:China Burma India Theater 4061:Commander-in-Chief, India 3953:Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign 3594: 3020:Commander-in-Chief, India 2931:British forces surrender 2768:Dutch government in exile 2665:Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang 2469:China Burma India Theater 2437: 2221:(as the possessor of the 2219:Dutch government-in-exile 2160: 2128: 2109: 2089: 2064: 2052:China Burma India theater 1484: 1364:Liaodong Peninsula (1895) 1334: 810: 666: 540: 449: 346: 201: 190:Mushroom cloud after the 74: 66: 61: 18964:Second Sino-Japanese War 18906:Racial Equality Proposal 18486:Agriculture and Commerce 18050:Occupied Solomon Islands 18038:Occupied Gilbert Islands 17928:Kingdom of Luang Prabang 17063:Allied invasion of Italy 17040:Solomon Islands campaign 16789:Third Battle of Changsha 16386:First Battle of Changsha 16292:Second Sino-Japanese War 15232:German military brothels 15098:United States war crimes 14075:Morrison, Samuel, Elliot 14033:, Washington, D.C., 1990 13871:Harrison, Simon (2012). 13800:Goldman, Stuart (2012). 13267:The Asia-Pacific Journal 13247:The Asia-Pacific Journal 13155:Rummel, Rudolph (1991). 13099:Rauch, Jonathan (2002). 12864:MacLeod, Roy M. (1999). 12783:Jowett, Phillip (2005). 12498:Greenfield, Kent Roberts 12488:Garver, John W. (1988). 12365:Drea, Edward J. (2005). 12342:Drea, Edward J. (1998). 11900:Bix, Herbert P. (2000). 11350:24 February 2018 at the 10964:30 December 2010 at the 10957:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 10953:25 February 2011 at the 10701:(1995; New York, Knopf; 9422:Evans & Peattie 1997 9280:Evans & Peattie 1997 9117:Evans & Peattie 1997 8673:L., Klemen (1999–2000). 8447:Evans & Peattie 1997 8435:Evans & Peattie 1997 8381:Evans & Peattie 1997 7344:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7340:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7336:Retrieved 25 July 2015; 7195:King, Ernest J. (1945). 6733:Although Japan had been 6709: 6047:the 10 March firebombing 5865: 5635:on the Japanese city of 5561:ground invasion of Japan 5262:command of Maj. General 5149:Japanese Burma Area Army 4224:campaign towards Japan. 4171:Invasion of Salamaua–Lae 3822:Battle of Cape Esperance 3712:Solomon Islands campaign 3630:In May, US intelligence 3355:Second Operational Phase 3320:Combined Chiefs of Staff 3302:Allies re-group, 1942–43 2713:Japan sponsored several 2633:. This stopped Japanese 2532:Second Sino-Japanese War 2499:China Expeditionary Army 2181:, entered the war after 1952:The Pacific War saw the 1896:Second Sino-Japanese War 1650:pre-war border conflicts 1433:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945) 1281:Second Sino-Japanese War 1121:Estevan Point Lighthouse 876:Indian Ocean (1941–1945) 827:Marshalls–Gilberts raids 140:Clockwise from top left: 18876:Washington Naval Treaty 18821:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 18806:First Sino-Japanese War 18625:Nuclear weapons program 18367:Great Japan Youth Party 18294:National seals of Japan 17977:Occupied British Borneo 17485:Second Guangxi campaign 17340:Philippines (1944–1945) 16844:Battle of the Coral Sea 16747:Fall of the Philippines 16393:Battle of South Guangxi 16299:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 15705:Italian Social Republic 14379:"Japan's War in Colour" 14348:6 November 2011 at the 14284:, W.W. Norton, (2020). 14268:, W.W. Norton, (2015). 14241:Presidio, 1981. Memoir. 13768:Degan, Patrick (2003). 13742:Cutler, Thomas (1994). 13555:Willmott, H.P. (2002). 13536:Willmott, H.P. (2005). 13515:Willmott, H.P. (1983). 13496:Willmott, H.P. (2014). 12942:Asia: A Concise History 12902:Marr, David G. (1995). 12620:Harmsen, Peter (2015). 12601:Harmsen, Peter (2013). 12582:Hara, Tameichi (2011). 12270:. Bloomsbury Academic. 12207:Costello, John (1982). 12173:. New York: New Press. 11946:Blair, Clay Jr (1975). 11881:Barber, Andrew (2010). 11643:Chapel, Joseph (2004). 11332:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 10948:NavSource Naval History 10891:Costello, John (2009). 9340:Croddy & Wirtz 2005 8783:Klemen, L (1999–2000). 8752:L, Klemen (1999–2000). 8704:Klemen, L (1999–2000). 8039:Encyclopædia Britannica 7876:, University of Hawaii. 7348:Retrieved 26 July 2015. 7300:Retrieved 10 March 2016 7288:Retrieved 10 March 2016 7002:Up to 20,000 casualties 6843:, faced charges at the 6179:China (incl. Hong Kong) 6021: 5820:Treaty of San Francisco 5464:South West Pacific Area 5415:Second Guangxi Campaign 4957:On 20 October 1944 the 4609:fast carrier task force 4483:Battle of the Admin Box 4406:, not knowing that the 4274:and concluded with the 4067:appointed Admiral Lord 4057:South East Asia Command 3439:Battle of the Coral Sea 3253:Territory of New Guinea 3153:, Philippines, May 1942 2639:invade French Indochina 2599:, but then the city of 2546:Japan invaded Manchuria 2358:(consisting of most of 2344:Manchukuo Imperial Army 2183:being attacked by Japan 2179:Philippine Commonwealth 2022:Philippine Commonwealth 1858:, sometimes called the 1428:French Indochina (1940) 883:Japanese merchant raids 744:43,125-50,000+ aircraft 156:prepare for takeoff to 27:Theater of World War II 18954:Motherland controversy 18924:Shōwa financial crisis 18716:Imperial Japanese Navy 18656:Imperial Japanese Army 18387:Peace Preservation Law 17070:Armistice of Cassibile 16872:Battle of Dutch Harbor 16823:Battle of the Java Sea 16726:Attack on Pearl Harbor 16626:Syria–Lebanon campaign 16619:Battle of South Shanxi 16589:Invasion of Yugoslavia 16372:Battle of the Atlantic 15986:Korean Liberation Army 15699:(until September 1943) 15656:(until September 1944) 15634:(until September 1944) 14367:The Pacific War Series 14106:Triumph in the Pacific 13972:Judge, Sean M. et al. 13967:The Years of MacArthur 13722:Buell, Thomas (1974). 13713:Buell, Thomas (1976). 13637:The Battle For Okinawa 13420:Takemae, Eiji (2003). 13405:. Palgrave MacMillan. 13315:Skates, James (1994). 13009:Nesbit, Roy C (2009). 12930:McLynn, Frank (2010). 12639:Hastings, Max (2008). 12542:Gruhl, Werner (2007). 12523:Grey, Jeffrey (1999). 12266:Croddy; Wirtz (2005). 11826:Burma: The longest War 11303:"The Battle for Kiska" 7912:Papers on World War II 7870:Statistics of democide 6561: 6498: 6277:Malaya & Singapore 6054: 6038: 6016:1945 Vietnamese Famine 5961: 5941:gross domestic product 5849: 5804:end of the Pacific War 5800: 5769: 5622: 5544: 5458:Borneo campaign (1945) 5453: 5318: 5310: 5281:casualties sustained. 5230: 5191:attempted to break out 5111: 5014: 4948: 4947:wading ashore at Leyte 4936:Philippines, 1944–1945 4847: 4779:. All US carriers had 4753: 4641: 4530:invaded northern Burma 4460: 4459:tanks on the Ledo Road 4382: 4336: 4245: 4131: 4012:Burma campaign 1942–43 4002: 3928: 3771: 3613: 3455: 3350: 3342:bomber takes off from 3296:raid on Sydney Harbour 3241: 3225: 3190:Jonathan M. Wainwright 3154: 3050:Battle of the Java Sea 3034: 2936: 2903:Attack on Pearl Harbor 2898: 2895:attack on Pearl Harbor 2879:Attack on Pearl Harbor 2696:Nationalist Government 2669:1st Battle of Changsha 2660: 2635:expansion to the north 2592: 2541: 2527: 2491:Imperial Japanese Army 2487:Imperial Japanese Navy 2480:Southwest Pacific Area 2304:201st Fighter Squadron 2239:Korean Liberation Army 2157: 2144:of 1931 through 1945. 2024: 1182:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1026:Burma and India (1944) 849:Gilberts and Marshalls 659:: c. 1,000,000+ (1945) 450:Commanders and leaders 169:after being struck by 48:. For other uses, see 18866:Siberian Intervention 18675:Railways and Shipping 18491:Commerce and Industry 18187:Industrial production 17952:Occupied West Sumatra 17234:Second Battle of Guam 17130:Bengal famine of 1943 17100:Second Battle of Kiev 17056:Battle of the Dnieper 16761:Battle of Wake Island 16633:East African campaign 16575:Battle of South Henan 16220:atrocities by Germans 15993:Korean Volunteer Army 14974:Occupation of Germany 14728:Music in World War II 14339:, 4000 short articles 14314:. Osprey Publishing. 14294:Weinberg, Gerhard L. 14252:W.W. Norton, (2011). 14156:. New York: Penguin. 14152:Prados, John (2016). 14133:Prados, John (2012). 13981:The War Against Japan 13924:Hornfischer, James D. 13902:Hornfischer, James D. 13833:10.1353/jmh.2006.0052 13597:Wilson, Dick (1982). 13477:Toland, John (2003). 13458:Tanaka, Yuki (2003). 13439:Tanaka, Yuki (1996). 13384:. Osprey Publishing. 13380:Stille, Mark (2014). 13241:Selden, Mark (2007). 13167:10.4324/9781315081328 13028:Olsen, Lance (2012). 12693:日本軍による『三光政策・三光作戦をめぐって 12190:The Fall of Singapore 11929:10.4324/9780203934746 11872:Banham, Tony (2005). 11824:Allen, Louis (1984). 11328:Battle of Lake Khasan 11276:Canadian War Museum. 9585:Chihaya Masataka, in 9526:on 15 September 2002. 8510:on 26 September 2011. 8201:Mitter, Rana (2013). 8105:, pp. 1067–1068. 8011:. BBC. Archived from 7690:. Anu. Archived from 7067:Bengal famine of 1943 6679:Pacific War campaigns 6559: 6507:Further information: 6493: 6044: 6030:IJA soldiers after a 6029: 5959: 5843: 5790: 5781:Powers", the Emperor 5753: 5654:has long been debated 5620: 5538: 5451: 5352:waist of the island. 5342:British Pacific Fleet 5316: 5298: 5244:Tadamichi Kuribayashi 5215: 5106: 5078:Thirteenth Air Forces 5012: 4943: 4888:San Bernardino Strait 4845: 4747: 4639: 4454: 4373: 4322: 4235: 4191:Battle of Munda Point 4175:Salamaua–Lae campaign 4161:Bougainville campaign 4125: 3992: 3946:a victory at Changsha 3922: 3870:to the IJN submarine 3800:Battle of Savo Island 3769: 3739:attacked a strategic 3650:At 10:22am, American 3602: 3447:The aircraft carrier 3446: 3337: 3308:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3227: 3220:Dutch and Australian 3219: 3207:Mediterranean Theatre 3148: 3107:Battle of Yenangyaung 3028: 2930: 2886: 2787:Japanese preparations 2673:Battle of Kunlun Pass 2655: 2590: 2539: 2521: 2509:Historical background 2155: 2059:Greater East Asia War 2018: 1888:Pacific Ocean theater 1575:Yugoslavian Partisans 1092:Philippines (1944–45) 1050:Philippines (1941–42) 667:Casualties and losses 484:Franklin D. Roosevelt 19284:Political dissidence 19133:Occupied territories 18871:General Election Law 18695:Taiwan Army of Japan 17916:Kingdom of Kampuchea 17520:Surrender of Germany 16998:Battle of West Hubei 16955:Guadalcanal campaign 16925:Battle of Stalingrad 16851:Battle of Madagascar 15625:Albania protectorate 15412:(formerly Swaziland) 15121:Wehrmacht war crimes 14937:Expulsion of Germans 14721:Art and World War II 14619:British contribution 14568:Governments in exile 14360:24 June 2019 at the 14310:Yenne, Bill (2014). 13889:Hayashi, Saburo and 13787:Dunnigan, James F.; 13011:The Battle for Burma 12963:Modern Asian Studies 12845:Long, Gavin (1963). 12714:Ho, Ping-ti (1959). 12400:China: A New History 12323:Dower, John (1993). 12285:Dauria, Tom (2014). 11461:19 June 2010 at the 11078:"The Bengali Famine" 10709:) for this argument. 10529:Hsu & Chang 1971 10327:4 March 2016 at the 10149:Hsu & Chang 1971 9752:, pp. 289, 299. 8853:Hsu & Chang 1971 8588:. 15 December 1941. 8558:. 15 December 1941. 8528:. 15 December 1941. 7274:Cook & Cook 1993 6584:firebombing of Tokyo 6403:Bismarck Archipelago 5704:invasion of Hokkaido 5591:Operation Starvation 5411:Battle of West Hunan 5369:, the light cruiser 5240:P-51 fighter escorts 4985:. On 9 January 1945 4838:Battle of Leyte Gulf 4574:Bismarck Archipelago 4441:Battle of West Hunan 4203:the Treasury Islands 4187:Drive on Munda Point 4179:New Georgia campaign 4050:Orde Charles Wingate 3978:On 2 November 1943, 3905:evacuated the island 3852:and heavily damaged 3610:B-17 Flying Fortress 3504:, and the destroyer 3487:, with the carriers 3426:one carrier division 3288:Enemy naval activity 3249:battle for Australia 3113:. Meanwhile, in the 2910:signals intelligence 2658:bombing of Chongqing 2084:Japan–China Incident 2057:Japan used the name 1987:air raids over Japan 893:Homfreyganj massacre 729:25 aircraft carriers 684:11 aircraft carriers 445:for further details. 410:for further details. 19103:Wang Jingwei regime 19013:Potsdam Declaration 19004:Soviet–Japanese War 18959:Anti-Comintern Pact 18949:January 28 incident 18934:London Naval Treaty 18811:Triple Intervention 18640:Supreme War Council 18524:deliberative bodies 18062:Occupied New Guinea 17843:Kingdom of Thailand 17610:Potsdam Declaration 17499:Italy (Spring 1945) 17262:Liberation of Paris 16719:Siege of Sevastopol 15737:(until August 1944) 15640:Wang Jingwei regime 15462:from September 1943 15422:from September 1944 15360:from September 1944 15220:Romanian war crimes 15211:Persecution of Jews 15197:Croatian war crimes 15167:Japanese war crimes 14981:Occupation of Japan 14930:First Indochina War 14642:Military production 14554:Declarations of war 14199:Seki, Eiji (2007). 14025:28 May 2015 at the 13979:Kirby, S. Woodburn 13965:James, D. Clayton. 13424:. Continuum Press. 13298:Defeat into Victory 12848:The Final Campaigns 11828:. Dent Publishing. 11791:, pp. 580–581. 11779:, pp. 576–577. 11767:, pp. 110–111. 11549:, p. =297–299. 11486:, pp. 19, 143. 11253:, pp. 633–634. 11228:. 1 December 2010. 10820:, pp. 477–512. 10808:, pp. 120–121. 10784:, pp. 312–336. 10759:. 10 October 2012. 10680:18 May 2008 at the 10564:, pp. 184–186. 10548:4 July 2015 at the 10531:, pp. 452–457. 10358:, pp. 227–228. 10163:, pp. 468–469. 10127:(17 February 2011). 10113:Powers, D. (2011): 9991:, pp. 188–189. 9906:"Battle of Peleliu" 9740:, pp. 157–167. 9685:on 17 November 2015 9679:"Operation Ichi-Go" 9587:Pearl Harbor Papers 9520:dutchsubmarines.com 9505:, pp. 991–992. 9477:Pearl Harbor Papers 9400:, pp. 112–116. 8932:. Ajrp.awm.gov.au. 8742:, pp. 170–172. 8637:, pp. 168–169. 8586:Inter-Allied Review 8556:Inter-Allied Review 8526:Inter-Allied Review 8480:. 8 December 1941. 8205:. Houghton Mifflin. 7730:, pp. 143–144. 7462:New Guinea Campaign 7437:Battle of Hong Kong 6739:attack Pearl Harbor 6503:Japanese war crimes 6263:Burma (incl. India) 6063: 5768:, 2 September 1945. 5696:Soviet–Japanese War 5646:another atomic bomb 5599:Potsdam Declaration 5589:LeMay also oversaw 5565:Victor Davis Hanson 5055:Filipino guerrillas 4770:Raymond A. Spruance 4632:Marianas and Palaus 4613:Operation Hailstone 4465:Burma Campaign 1944 4199:New Georgia Islands 4183:Landings on Rendova 4167:Operation Cartwheel 4157:Operation Cartwheel 4153:New Guinea campaign 4106:invasion headed to 4027:intended to secure 4025:offensive in Arakan 3708:New Guinea campaign 3383:Naval General Staff 3201:Threat to Australia 3041:, beginning with a 2772:stopped selling oil 2601:Xuzhou was taken by 2564:in order to form a 2476:Pacific Ocean Areas 2364:Wang Jingwei regime 2227:Pacific War Council 2103:Occupation of Japan 1985:and massive Allied 1900:Soviet–Japanese War 1404:Siberia (1918–1922) 319:, organized as the 158:attack Pearl Harbor 46:Pacific Ocean Areas 18826:Russo-Japanese War 18796:Two Lords Incident 18451:Imperial Household 18002:Occupied Singapore 17990:Occupied Hong Kong 17603:Surrender of Japan 17436:Battle of Iwo Jima 17285:Belgrade offensive 16698:Siege of Leningrad 16582:Battle of Shanggao 16511:British Somaliland 16476:Dunkirk evacuation 16427:Norwegian campaign 16365:Invasion of Poland 16192:Japanese prisoners 15160:Italian war crimes 15091:British war crimes 15006:Soviet occupations 14790:South-West Pacific 14677:Allied cooperation 14635:Military equipment 14237:With the Old Breed 14086:Myers, Michael W. 14000:US Naval Institute 13986:Leary, William M. 13948:M. E. Sharpe, 1992 12211:. Harper Collins. 11777:Dennis et al. 2008 11456:Allied War Losses. 11084:. 18 November 2008 10191:. pp. 47–48. 9908:. 21 August 2018. 9613:"Sinkings By Boat" 9572:Farago, Ladislas. 9388:, pp. 97–101. 8309:. 18 November 1940 8090:Amerasia, Volume 7 7962:, p. 129–148. 7694:on 19 October 2017 7086:) killed/missing. 6890:Allied casualties 6590:as a war crime. A 6562: 6543:biological weapons 6499: 6456:auxiliary cruisers 6061: 6055: 6039: 5962: 5850: 5822:came into force). 5770: 5746:Surrender of Japan 5662:incendiary bombing 5623: 5603:Potsdam Conference 5545: 5531:Air raids on Japan 5527:Operation Downfall 5468:Australian I Corps 5454: 5319: 5311: 5252:V Amphibious Corps 5231: 5208:Battle of Iwo Jima 5112: 5028:58th Fighter Group 5015: 4967:US Fifth Air Force 4949: 4882:and another under 4848: 4785:combat air patrols 4754: 4696:attacked the bases 4642: 4598:Western New Guinea 4485:when the isolated 4461: 4455:Chinese forces on 4383: 4337: 4246: 4132: 4102:In 1943, the Thai 4023:One attack was an 4003: 3957:biological warfare 3929: 3772: 3614: 3456: 3393:Concurrently, the 3351: 3310:, his key advisor 3283:Franklin Roosevelt 3267:almost 100 times. 3226: 3195:Bataan Death March 3180:and the Island of 3155: 3035: 2937: 2899: 2761:Sankichi Takahashi 2715:puppet governments 2661: 2593: 2558:Chinese Communists 2542: 2528: 2465:South West Pacific 2243:Free Thai Movement 2158: 2123:Fifteen Years' War 2025: 1777:French West Africa 1618:South West Pacific 1526:Denmark and Norway 1240:Japanese surrender 1206:Naval bombardments 1136:Fire balloon bombs 859:Volcano and Ryukyu 854:Marianas and Palau 305:, followed by the 39:War of the Pacific 19292: 19291: 19264:Socialist thought 19212: 19211: 19151:Dutch East Indies 19113:Empire of Vietnam 19031: 19030: 18801:Satsuma Rebellion 18781:Meiji Restoration 18758: 18757: 18568: 18567: 18506:Greater East Asia 18392:Political parties 18347:Foreign relations 18094: 18093: 17904:Empire of Vietnam 17677: 17676: 17635: 17634: 17478:Battle of Okinawa 17377:Burma (1944–1945) 17211:Mariana and Palau 16991:Tunisian campaign 16816:Fall of Singapore 16740:Fall of Hong Kong 16483:Battle of Britain 16336:Operation Himmler 16245: 16244: 15909:Dutch East Indies 15552:Southern Rhodesia 15304: 15303: 15204:Genocide of Serbs 15107:German war crimes 15084:Soviet war crimes 15077:Allied war crimes 14923:Division of Korea 14902:Chinese Civil War 14700:Strategic bombing 14612:Manhattan Project 14321:978-1-78200-982-5 14210:978-1-905246-28-1 14179:Miracle at Midway 14163:978-0-698-18576-0 14144:978-1-101-60195-2 14067:978-1-59114-500-4 13951:Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. 13937:978-0-345-54872-6 13915:978-0-553-38512-0 13882:978-0-85745-499-7 13811:978-1-61251-098-9 13647:978-0-471-18080-7 13619:978-1-59884-415-3 13599:When Tigers Fight 13507:978-1-612-51728-5 13469:978-1-134-65012-5 13450:978-0-8133-2717-4 13391:978-1-47280-146-3 13347:Free Press, 1985. 13326:978-0-87249-972-0 13233:978-0-674-05988-7 13176:978-1-315-08132-8 13127:978-0-688-00267-1 13091:978-1-59114-664-3 13039:978-0-9838435-7-3 13020:978-1-84415-955-0 12894:978-0-520-25445-9 12837:978-0-8014-7628-0 12816:978-0-415-58264-3 12760:Jansen, Marius B. 12742:978-0-76033-975-6 12706:978-4-00-003317-6 12683:978-0-19061-675-5 12652:978-0-307-26351-3 12631:978-1-61200-284-2 12612:978-1-61200-167-8 12593:978-1-59114-384-0 12515:978-0-89874-557-3 12451:978-0-307-80204-0 12432:978-0-8047-5427-9 12419:Frank, Richard B. 12315:978-0-19-551784-2 12296:978-1-4808-0420-3 12277:978-1-85109-490-5 12258:978-1-60752-659-9 12218:978-0-688-01620-3 12199:978-981-07-0984-6 12180:978-1-56584-039-3 12124:978-1-472-82546-9 12105:978-1-56324-246-5 12082:978-1-4020-2097-1 12050:978-0-8047-5399-9 12027:978-0-472-10806-0 12018:A Study of Crisis 11985:978-0-19-159035-1 11966:978-0-7146-8555-7 11938:978-0-203-93474-6 11911:978-0-06-093130-8 11892:978-983-43372-3-0 11816:978-0-7881-3528-6 11399:, pp. 30–31. 11226:naval-history.net 10902:978-0-688-01620-3 10830:Patrick Clancey. 9551:, pp. 27–40. 9143:, pp. 19–38. 9086:, pp. 32–34. 9055:, pp. 31–32. 8134:on 9 January 2009 8041:(Online ed.) 7908:M. R. Seni Pramoj 7553:|archiveurl= 7485:978-0-19-280670-3 7334:www.navsource.org 7264:, Ch. 7, Table 7. 7097:Battle of Okinawa 6902:Republic of China 6797:Neutrality Patrol 6659:Japanese holdouts 6444: 6443: 5926:Three Alls Policy 5757:signs the formal 5755:Douglas MacArthur 5731:Battle of Shumshu 5690:(Kwantung Army). 5365:, the battleship 5291:Battle of Okinawa 5180:Operation Dracula 5110:landing at Ramree 4999:battle for Manila 4660:Northern Marianas 4654:Battle of Peleliu 4621:Western Carolines 4433:Operation Ichi-Go 4282:Submarine warfare 4276:Cairo Declaration 4195:airfield at Munda 4077:Claude Auchinleck 4069:Louis Mountbatten 4065:Winston Churchill 3984:Battle of Changde 3925:Battle of Changde 3893:Allied air forces 3471:Tulagi was seized 3292:midget submarines 3245:Fall of Singapore 3174:Douglas MacArthur 3031:Bombing of Darwin 2837:Asia/West Pacific 2730:strategic bombing 2689:Three Alls Policy 2681:counter-offensive 2554:Nationalist Party 2453:areas of conflict 2391:Dutch East Indies 2223:Dutch East Indies 2042:War against Japan 1989:, as well as the 1911:Republic of China 1849: 1848: 1770:Strategic bombing 1686:Mediterranean Sea 1441: 1440: 1369:China (1899–1901) 1289: 1288: 1131:Lookout Air Raids 1038:Southwest Pacific 769: 768: 566:3,621,383+ (1945) 496:Winston Churchill 372:Republic of China 342: 341: 307:division of Korea 185:Operation Ichi-Go 16:(Redirected from 19317: 19254:Shinmin no Michi 19244:Internment camps 19156:French Indochina 19040: 19039: 18886:Taishō Democracy 18767: 18766: 18690:Japanese holdout 18577: 18576: 18501:Colonial Affairs 18435: 18434: 18362:Yokusan Sonendan 18268: 18260: 18252: 18236: 18235: 18162:Economic history 18121: 18114: 18107: 18098: 18097: 18060: 18059: 18058: 18048: 18047: 18046: 18036: 18035: 18034: 18024: 18023: 18022: 18012: 18011: 18010: 18000: 17999: 17998: 17988: 17987: 17986: 17975: 17974: 17973: 17962: 17961: 17960: 17950: 17949: 17948: 17938: 17937: 17936: 17926: 17925: 17924: 17914: 17913: 17912: 17902: 17901: 17900: 17892:French Indochina 17890: 17889: 17888: 17878: 17876: 17875: 17865: 17864: 17863: 17853: 17852: 17851: 17841: 17840: 17839: 17829: 17828: 17827: 17817: 17816: 17815: 17805: 17804: 17803: 17793: 17792: 17791: 17781: 17780: 17779: 17769: 17768: 17767: 17757: 17756: 17755: 17745: 17744: 17743: 17733: 17732: 17731: 17704: 17697: 17690: 17681: 17680: 17670: 17663: 17656: 17653:World portal 17651: 17650: 17626: 17619: 17612: 17605: 17596: 17589: 17582: 17573: 17566: 17559: 17552: 17545: 17538: 17529: 17522: 17515: 17513:Prague offensive 17508: 17506:Battle of Berlin 17501: 17494: 17487: 17480: 17473: 17466: 17459: 17452: 17450:Vienna offensive 17445: 17438: 17431: 17429:Battle of Manila 17424: 17404: 17395: 17386: 17379: 17370: 17363: 17356: 17349: 17342: 17335: 17328: 17319: 17310: 17303: 17294: 17287: 17280: 17273: 17264: 17257: 17250: 17243: 17236: 17229: 17222: 17213: 17206: 17197: 17188: 17179: 17172: 17170:Korsun–Cherkassy 17165: 17154: 17132: 17123: 17116: 17109: 17102: 17095: 17088: 17081: 17072: 17065: 17058: 17051: 17042: 17035: 17028: 17021: 17014: 17012:Bombing of Gorky 17007: 17000: 16993: 16973: 16966: 16957: 16950: 16943: 16934: 16927: 16920: 16913: 16902: 16895: 16888: 16881: 16879:Battle of Midway 16874: 16867: 16865:Battle of Gazala 16860: 16853: 16846: 16839: 16832: 16825: 16818: 16798: 16791: 16784: 16777: 16775:Battle of Borneo 16770: 16768:Malayan campaign 16763: 16756: 16749: 16742: 16735: 16728: 16721: 16714: 16712:Bombing of Gorky 16707: 16705:Battle of Moscow 16700: 16693: 16686: 16679: 16672: 16665: 16649: 16642: 16635: 16628: 16621: 16614: 16605: 16598: 16591: 16584: 16577: 16557: 16548: 16541: 16534: 16527: 16520: 16513: 16506: 16499: 16492: 16485: 16478: 16471: 16469:Battle of France 16464: 16457: 16450: 16443: 16436: 16429: 16409: 16402: 16395: 16388: 16381: 16374: 16367: 16345: 16338: 16331: 16324: 16322:Munich Agreement 16317: 16310: 16301: 16294: 16287: 16278: 16271: 16256: 16255: 16238: 16231: 16222: 16215: 16208: 16207:Soviet prisoners 16201: 16194: 16187: 16178: 16171: 16162: 16155: 16148: 16147:German prisoners 16143: 16123: 16114: 16107: 16100: 16095: 16088: 16081: 16074: 16067: 16060: 16053: 16046: 16039: 16032: 16025: 16018: 16011: 16004: 15995: 15988: 15981: 15974: 15967: 15960: 15953: 15946: 15939: 15932: 15925: 15918: 15911: 15904: 15897: 15890: 15883: 15876: 15869: 15849: 15842: 15835: 15828: 15821: 15814: 15807: 15800: 15793: 15786: 15779: 15759: 15752: 15745: 15738: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15707: 15700: 15692: 15685: 15683:French Indochina 15678: 15671: 15664: 15657: 15649: 15642: 15635: 15627: 15607: 15598: 15591: 15582: 15575: 15568: 15561: 15554: 15547: 15540: 15533: 15530:from August 1944 15521: 15514: 15507: 15500: 15493: 15486: 15479: 15472: 15465: 15453: 15446: 15439: 15432: 15425: 15413: 15405: 15398: 15391: 15384: 15377: 15370: 15363: 15351: 15344: 15337: 15330: 15315: 15314: 15295: 15288: 15281: 15274: 15267: 15256: 15241: 15234: 15227: 15222: 15213: 15206: 15199: 15190: 15183: 15176: 15174:Nanjing Massacre 15169: 15162: 15153: 15151:Nuremberg trials 15144: 15137: 15130: 15123: 15116: 15109: 15100: 15093: 15086: 15079: 15059: 15052: 15045: 15036: 15029: 15022: 15015: 15008: 15001: 14992: 14983: 14976: 14969: 14962: 14953: 14946: 14939: 14932: 14925: 14918: 14911: 14904: 14884: 14875: 14868: 14861: 14852: 14845: 14838: 14831: 14822: 14815: 14808: 14799: 14792: 14785: 14778: 14771: 14764: 14757: 14755:Asia and Pacific 14737: 14730: 14723: 14716: 14709: 14702: 14695: 14686: 14684:Mulberry harbour 14679: 14672: 14665: 14658: 14651: 14644: 14637: 14630: 14621: 14614: 14607: 14598: 14591: 14584: 14577: 14570: 14563: 14556: 14549: 14542: 14535: 14526: 14519: 14504: 14503: 14492: 14485: 14476: 14469: 14462: 14455: 14448: 14441: 14434: 14413: 14406: 14399: 14390: 14389: 14380: 14325: 14214: 14181:. Penguin, 1982. 14172:At Dawn We Slept 14167: 14148: 14071: 14052: 14013: 13941: 13919: 13886: 13867: 13844: 13815: 13796: 13795:. Facts on File. 13783: 13757: 13727: 13718: 13709: 13697: 13651: 13630: 13628: 13626: 13602: 13593: 13581: 13570: 13551: 13532: 13511: 13492: 13473: 13454: 13435: 13416: 13412:978-0-31216454-6 13395: 13376: 13330: 13311: 13289: 13285:978-0-19564954-3 13270: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13237: 13218: 13199: 13180: 13151: 13142: 13131: 13112: 13110: 13108: 13095: 13073: 13052: 13043: 13024: 13005: 13001:978-0-67404130-1 12986: 12969:(4): 1053–1096. 12956: 12952:978-0-84768063-4 12935: 12926: 12907: 12898: 12879: 12875:978-0-79235851-0 12860: 12841: 12820: 12798: 12779: 12755: 12746: 12735:. Zenith Press. 12727: 12710: 12687: 12668: 12656: 12635: 12616: 12597: 12578: 12574:978-0-38572194-3 12559: 12555:978-0-76580352-8 12538: 12519: 12493: 12484: 12461:Military Affairs 12455: 12436: 12414: 12393: 12374:Evans, David C; 12370: 12361: 12338: 12319: 12300: 12281: 12262: 12243: 12222: 12203: 12184: 12165: 12156: 12147: 12128: 12109: 12086: 12067: 12054: 12031: 12012: 12006: 11998: 11989: 11970: 11951: 11942: 11915: 11896: 11877: 11868: 11839: 11820: 11792: 11786: 11780: 11774: 11768: 11762: 11756: 11755:, p. 64-66. 11750: 11744: 11738: 11732: 11726: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11706:. Archived from 11704:history.navy.mil 11696: 11690: 11684: 11678: 11677: 11676:. November 1948. 11667: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11656: 11640: 11634: 11628: 11622: 11616: 11610: 11609: 11607: 11605: 11586: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11575: 11556: 11550: 11544: 11538: 11535: 11529: 11528: 11523: 11521: 11505: 11499: 11493: 11487: 11481: 11475: 11472: 11466: 11453: 11447: 11444: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11418: 11412: 11406: 11400: 11394: 11388: 11385: 11379: 11362:, 30 BT-5RTs, 8 11341: 11335: 11320: 11314: 11313: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11273: 11267: 11260: 11254: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11237: 11218: 11207: 11206: 11204: 11202: 11187: 11181: 11175: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11142: 11136: 11130: 11124: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11074: 11068: 11062: 11056: 11050: 11044: 11041: 11032: 11026: 11017: 11016: 11014: 11012: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10992: 10990: 10985:. 15 August 2005 10975: 10969: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10926: 10920: 10913: 10907: 10906: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10877: 10862: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10827: 10821: 10815: 10809: 10803: 10797: 10791: 10785: 10779: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10747: 10741: 10731: 10722: 10716: 10710: 10695: 10689: 10671: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10636: 10630: 10629: 10627: 10625: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10559: 10553: 10538: 10532: 10526: 10517: 10511: 10502: 10492: 10486: 10480: 10474: 10464: 10455: 10449: 10443: 10437: 10431: 10425: 10419: 10413: 10407: 10401: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10377: 10371: 10365: 10359: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10314: 10308: 10302: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10275: 10266: 10260: 10247: 10241: 10235: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10204: 10202: 10175: 10164: 10158: 10152: 10146: 10140: 10134: 10128: 10111: 10105: 10099: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10044: 10034: 10028: 10022: 10011: 10005: 9992: 9982: 9976: 9966: 9960: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9928: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9902: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9874: 9868: 9858: 9852: 9846: 9840: 9834: 9825: 9819: 9804: 9798: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9747: 9741: 9735: 9729: 9723: 9717: 9714: 9708: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9681:. Archived from 9675: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9647: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9615:. Pigboats.com. 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9583: 9577: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9522:. Archived from 9512: 9506: 9500: 9494: 9488: 9479: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9446: 9437: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9352: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9204: 9198: 9187: 9181: 9172: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9144: 9138: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9056: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9011: 8998: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8988:on 13 April 2010 8978: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8952: 8946: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8926: 8920: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8856: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8749: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8423: 8420:Boog et al. 2001 8417: 8411: 8405: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8341: 8335: 8332:Kokushi Daijiten 8329: 8323: 8322: 8316: 8314: 8307:Aberdeen Journal 8304: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8255: 8249: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8162: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8130:. Archived from 8124: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8092:. Amerasia, inc. 8082: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8015:on 19 March 2011 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7895: 7889: 7883: 7877: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7848:, p. 1057n. 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7746: 7740: 7731: 7725: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7648: 7642: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7579: 7573: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7554: 7549: 7547: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7520: 7514: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7490: 7489: 7471: 7465: 7455: 7449: 7446: 7440: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7406: 7395: 7394: 7373: 7362: 7355: 7349: 7331: 7325: 7319: 7313: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7193: 7187: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7136: 7130: 7104: 7101:Battle of Saipan 7099:, 22,000 in the 7093: 7087: 7080: 7074: 7062: 7056: 7053: 7047: 7040: 7038: 7037: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7016:1,000 casualties 7012: 7010: 7009: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6858: 6855: 6849: 6832: 6826: 6819: 6813: 6806: 6800: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6778: 6775: 6769: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6751: 6750:Until April 1945 6748: 6742: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6549:Burma–Thailand " 6520:prisoners of war 6235:French Indochina 6123:Formosa (Taiwan) 6064: 6060: 5882:20 million. 5798: 5679:Yalta Conference 5667:Richard B. Frank 5470:, under General 5334:Mitsuru Ushijima 5074:Sulu Archipelago 4832:Leyte Gulf, 1944 4725:The invasion of 4650:Battle of Saipan 4526:Battle of Imphal 4396:Mark VI exploder 4314:troop transports 4272:Cairo Conference 4262:Cairo Conference 4242:Cairo Conference 4197:and the rest of 4137:commerce defense 4126:American forces 4073:Viceroy of India 4048:under Brigadier 4018:famine in Bengal 3927:in November 1943 3901:Ironbottom Sound 3737:Japanese marines 3618:Battle of Midway 3608:under attack by 3239: 3178:Bataan Peninsula 3166:US Asiatic Fleet 2988:Archibald Wavell 2941:Malayan Campaign 2914:war of attrition 2833:surprise attacks 2582:Nanjing Massacre 2566:nominal alliance 2442: 2441: 2411:Timorese militia 2403:French Indochina 2350:of the Japanese 2262:border conflicts 2189:as well as from 2139: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2100: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2034:Allied countries 2028:Names of the war 1947:invaded Thailand 1860:Asia–Pacific War 1836:French Indochina 1479: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1445: 1444: 1329: 1327: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1293: 1292: 1261:Manchuria (1945) 1116:Aleutian Islands 966:Indochina (1945) 936:Indochina (1940) 922:2nd Indian Ocean 905:1st Indian Ocean 900:Christmas Island 805: 795: 788: 781: 772: 771: 696:21,555+ aircraft 654: 653: 646: 640: 639: 630: 629: 620: 619: 605:1,747,465 (1945) 604: 603: 594: 593: 584: 583: 575: 574: 565: 564: 555: 554: 530: 529: 528: 518: 517: 516: 494: 493: 492: 482: 481: 480: 470: 469: 468: 435: 431: 429: 428: 397: 395: 394: 384: 382: 381: 374: 370: 368: 367: 203: 202: 133: 124: 113: 104: 93: 84: 59: 58: 21: 19325: 19324: 19320: 19319: 19318: 19316: 19315: 19314: 19295: 19294: 19293: 19288: 19274:Yasukuni Shrine 19208: 19185: 19127: 19081: 19027: 18979:Tripartite Pact 18974:Rape of Nanking 18910: 18896:Tapani incident 18840: 18816:Boxer Rebellion 18774: 18754: 18718: 18709: 18658: 18649: 18584: 18564: 18558:Representatives 18526: 18523: 18522:Legislative and 18515: 18481:Foreign Affairs 18444: 18441: 18426: 18325: 18304:Government Seal 18289:Rising Sun Flag 18272: 18266: 18258: 18250: 18237: 18228: 18130: 18128:Empire of Japan 18125: 18095: 18090: 18067: 18066: 18056: 18054: 18044: 18042: 18032: 18030: 18020: 18018: 18008: 18006: 17996: 17994: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17971: 17969: 17964:Occupied Malaya 17958: 17956: 17946: 17944: 17934: 17932: 17922: 17920: 17910: 17908: 17898: 17896: 17886: 17884: 17873: 17871: 17861: 17859: 17849: 17847: 17837: 17835: 17825: 17823: 17813: 17811: 17801: 17799: 17789: 17787: 17777: 17775: 17765: 17763: 17753: 17751: 17741: 17739: 17729: 17727: 17718: 17712:Empire of Japan 17708: 17678: 17673: 17666: 17659: 17645: 17643: 17631: 17622: 17615: 17608: 17601: 17592: 17585: 17578: 17569: 17564:Atomic bombings 17562: 17555: 17548: 17541: 17534: 17525: 17518: 17511: 17504: 17497: 17490: 17483: 17476: 17469: 17462: 17455: 17448: 17441: 17434: 17427: 17420: 17407: 17400: 17389: 17382: 17375: 17366: 17359: 17352: 17345: 17338: 17331: 17322: 17313: 17306: 17297: 17290: 17283: 17276: 17267: 17260: 17255:Eastern Romania 17253: 17248:Warsaw Uprising 17246: 17241:Tannenberg Line 17239: 17232: 17227:Western Ukraine 17225: 17216: 17209: 17200: 17191: 17182: 17175: 17168: 17157: 17148: 17135: 17128: 17119: 17112: 17105: 17098: 17091: 17084: 17077: 17068: 17061: 17054: 17045: 17038: 17031: 17024: 17019:Battle of Kursk 17017: 17010: 17003: 16996: 16989: 16976: 16969: 16960: 16953: 16946: 16937: 16930: 16923: 16916: 16907: 16898: 16891: 16884: 16877: 16870: 16863: 16856: 16849: 16842: 16835: 16830:St Nazaire Raid 16828: 16821: 16814: 16801: 16794: 16787: 16780: 16773: 16766: 16759: 16752: 16745: 16738: 16731: 16724: 16717: 16710: 16703: 16696: 16689: 16682: 16675: 16668: 16654: 16645: 16638: 16631: 16624: 16617: 16612:Anglo-Iraqi War 16610: 16603:Battle of Crete 16601: 16594: 16587: 16580: 16573: 16560: 16551: 16544: 16537: 16532:Eastern Romania 16530: 16523: 16516: 16509: 16502: 16495: 16488: 16481: 16474: 16467: 16460: 16453: 16446: 16439: 16432: 16425: 16412: 16405: 16398: 16391: 16384: 16377: 16370: 16363: 16350: 16341: 16334: 16327: 16320: 16313: 16306: 16297: 16290: 16283: 16274: 16267: 16241: 16234: 16227: 16218: 16211: 16206: 16197: 16190: 16183: 16174: 16167: 16158: 16151: 16146: 16139: 16126: 16119: 16110: 16103: 16098: 16093:Western Ukraine 16091: 16084: 16077: 16070: 16063: 16056: 16049: 16042: 16037:Northeast China 16035: 16028: 16021: 16014: 16007: 16000: 15991: 15984: 15977: 15970: 15963: 15956: 15949: 15942: 15935: 15928: 15921: 15914: 15907: 15900: 15893: 15886: 15879: 15872: 15865: 15852: 15845: 15838: 15831: 15824: 15817: 15810: 15803: 15796: 15789: 15782: 15775: 15762: 15755: 15748: 15743:Slovak Republic 15741: 15733: 15726: 15719: 15714:Empire of Japan 15712: 15703: 15695: 15688: 15681: 15674: 15667: 15660: 15652: 15645: 15638: 15630: 15623: 15610: 15603: 15594: 15587: 15578: 15571: 15564: 15557: 15550: 15543: 15536: 15524: 15517: 15510: 15503: 15496: 15489: 15482: 15475: 15468: 15456: 15449: 15442: 15435: 15428: 15416: 15408: 15401: 15394: 15387: 15380: 15373: 15366: 15354: 15347: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15300: 15291: 15284: 15277: 15270: 15259: 15244: 15237: 15230: 15226:Sexual violence 15225: 15218: 15209: 15202: 15195: 15186: 15179: 15172: 15165: 15158: 15149: 15140: 15133: 15126: 15119: 15112: 15105: 15096: 15089: 15082: 15075: 15062: 15055: 15048: 15041: 15032: 15025: 15018: 15011: 15004: 14995: 14986: 14979: 14972: 14965: 14956: 14949: 14944:Greek Civil War 14942: 14935: 14928: 14921: 14914: 14907: 14900: 14887: 14880: 14871: 14864: 14857: 14848: 14841: 14834: 14827: 14818: 14811: 14804: 14795: 14788: 14781: 14774: 14769:South-East Asia 14767: 14760: 14753: 14740: 14733: 14726: 14719: 14712: 14705: 14698: 14691: 14682: 14675: 14668: 14661: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14633: 14628:Military awards 14626: 14617: 14610: 14603: 14594: 14587: 14580: 14573: 14566: 14559: 14552: 14545: 14538: 14531: 14522: 14515: 14495: 14488: 14481: 14472: 14465: 14458: 14453: 14444: 14437: 14430: 14422: 14417: 14378: 14362:Wayback Machine 14350:Wayback Machine 14333: 14328: 14322: 14211: 14195:(2009). 458 pp. 14184:Prange, et al. 14177:Prange, et al. 14164: 14145: 14068: 14027:Wayback Machine 14010: 13960:The Divine Wind 13938: 13916: 13883: 13864: 13812: 13789:Nofi, Albert A. 13780: 13760:Dean, Peter J. 13754: 13706: 13685: 13679: 13677:Further reading 13674: 13657:Primary sources 13648: 13624: 13622: 13620: 13590: 13567: 13548: 13529: 13508: 13489: 13470: 13451: 13432: 13413: 13392: 13341:Spector, Ronald 13327: 13308: 13286: 13255: 13253: 13234: 13215: 13196: 13177: 13150:. Bantam Books. 13128: 13106: 13104: 13092: 13078:Peattie, Mark R 13070: 13040: 13021: 13002: 12953: 12923: 12895: 12876: 12838: 12817: 12795: 12776: 12743: 12707: 12684: 12653: 12632: 12613: 12594: 12575: 12556: 12535: 12516: 12473:10.2307/1983926 12452: 12433: 12411: 12390: 12376:Peattie, Mark R 12358: 12335: 12316: 12297: 12278: 12259: 12219: 12200: 12181: 12144: 12125: 12106: 12083: 12051: 12028: 12000: 11999: 11986: 11967: 11939: 11912: 11893: 11857:10.2307/3641184 11836: 11817: 11800: 11795: 11787: 11783: 11775: 11771: 11763: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11727: 11723: 11713: 11711: 11698: 11697: 11693: 11685: 11681: 11669: 11668: 11664: 11654: 11652: 11641: 11637: 11629: 11625: 11617: 11613: 11603: 11601: 11588: 11587: 11583: 11573: 11571: 11558: 11557: 11553: 11545: 11541: 11536: 11532: 11519: 11517: 11506: 11502: 11494: 11490: 11482: 11478: 11473: 11469: 11463:Wayback Machine 11454: 11450: 11445: 11441: 11431: 11429: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11407: 11403: 11395: 11391: 11386: 11382: 11352:Wayback Machine 11342: 11338: 11321: 11317: 11307:Canadian Heroes 11301: 11300: 11296: 11286: 11284: 11274: 11270: 11261: 11257: 11249: 11245: 11235: 11233: 11220: 11219: 11210: 11200: 11198: 11188: 11184: 11176: 11169: 11161: 11157: 11149: 11145: 11137: 11133: 11125: 11121: 11113: 11109: 11101: 11097: 11087: 11085: 11076: 11075: 11071: 11063: 11059: 11051: 11047: 11042: 11035: 11029:Clodfelter 2002 11027: 11020: 11010: 11008: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10988: 10986: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10966:Wayback Machine 10955:Wayback Machine 10946: 10942: 10932: 10927: 10923: 10914: 10910: 10903: 10889: 10885: 10875: 10873: 10864: 10863: 10859: 10849: 10847: 10828: 10824: 10816: 10812: 10806:Greenfield 1967 10804: 10800: 10792: 10788: 10780: 10776: 10766: 10764: 10749: 10748: 10744: 10732: 10725: 10717: 10713: 10696: 10692: 10682:Wayback Machine 10672: 10665: 10655: 10653: 10638: 10637: 10633: 10623: 10621: 10612: 10611: 10607: 10599: 10592: 10584: 10580: 10572: 10568: 10560: 10556: 10550:Wayback Machine 10539: 10535: 10527: 10520: 10512: 10505: 10497:, p. 445; 10493: 10489: 10481: 10477: 10469:, p. 445; 10465: 10458: 10450: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10426: 10422: 10414: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10390: 10386: 10378: 10374: 10366: 10362: 10354:, p. 303; 10350: 10346: 10338: 10334: 10329:Wayback Machine 10322:in Project MUSE 10315: 10311: 10303: 10296: 10288: 10284: 10276: 10269: 10261: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10230:, p. 408; 10226: 10222: 10214: 10207: 10199: 10176: 10167: 10159: 10155: 10147: 10143: 10135: 10131: 10122:Wayback Machine 10112: 10108: 10100: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10066: 10062: 10054: 10047: 10035: 10031: 10023: 10014: 10006: 9995: 9983: 9979: 9971:, p. 188; 9967: 9963: 9955: 9951: 9941: 9939: 9938:on 3 March 2016 9930: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9913: 9904: 9903: 9899: 9891: 9887: 9879:, p. 230; 9875: 9871: 9863:, p. 227; 9859: 9855: 9847: 9843: 9835: 9828: 9820: 9807: 9799: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9772: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9748: 9744: 9736: 9732: 9724: 9720: 9715: 9711: 9702: 9698: 9688: 9686: 9677: 9676: 9672: 9663: 9661: 9648: 9644: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9609: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9584: 9580: 9571: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9535: 9531: 9514: 9513: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9489: 9482: 9471: 9467: 9459: 9455: 9447: 9440: 9432: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9408: 9404: 9396: 9392: 9384: 9380: 9371: 9367: 9354: 9353: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9326: 9322: 9314: 9310: 9302: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9266: 9262: 9254: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9216: 9207: 9199: 9190: 9182: 9175: 9163: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9115: 9111: 9103: 9090: 9082: 9078: 9070: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9039: 9032: 9024: 9020: 9012: 9001: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8954: 8953: 8949: 8939: 8937: 8928: 8927: 8923: 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8880: 8876: 8868: 8859: 8851: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8796: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8765: 8750: 8746: 8738: 8734: 8728:Battle of Timor 8719: 8717: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8671: 8667: 8657: 8655: 8646: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8629: 8621: 8617: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8433: 8426: 8418: 8414: 8406: 8399: 8391: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8355: 8351: 8342: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8312: 8310: 8299: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8274: 8270: 8262: 8258: 8250: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8199: 8195: 8187: 8183: 8175: 8171: 8163: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8137: 8135: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8101: 8097: 8086:Philip J. Jaffe 8083: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8033: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8007: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7972:Clodfelter 2002 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7896: 7892: 7884: 7880: 7868: 7864: 7858:Clodfelter 2002 7856: 7852: 7844: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7816: 7812: 7804: 7800: 7792: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7768: 7764: 7756: 7749: 7745:, pp. 527. 7743:Clodfelter 2017 7741: 7734: 7726: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7697: 7695: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7673: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7627: 7623: 7613: 7611: 7609:Avalanche Press 7603: 7602: 7598: 7588: 7586: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7564: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7541: 7540: 7533: 7531: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7512: 7508: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7472: 7468: 7456: 7452: 7447: 7443: 7429:Malaya Campaign 7426: 7422: 7412: 7407: 7398: 7391: 7374: 7365: 7356: 7352: 7332: 7328: 7320: 7316: 7308: 7304: 7296: 7292: 7284: 7280: 7272: 7268: 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7194: 7190: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7146: 7139: 7131: 7122: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7094: 7090: 7081: 7077: 7063: 7059: 7054: 7050: 7035: 7033: 7021: 7019: 7007: 7005: 6993: 6991: 6979: 6977: 6965: 6963: 6951: 6949: 6937: 6935: 6923: 6921: 6909: 6907: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6852: 6833: 6829: 6820: 6816: 6807: 6803: 6794: 6790: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6768:Until July 1944 6767: 6763: 6759:Until July 1945 6758: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6732: 6728: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6689:Yasukuni Shrine 6684:War Plan Orange 6629: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6607: 6580: 6574: 6539:Manila massacre 6516: 6511: 6505: 6496:Manila massacre 6488: 6417:Solomon Islands 6207:Central Pacific 6024: 6003: 5954: 5868: 5848:, November 1943 5838: 5833: 5828: 5799: 5796: 5748: 5742: 5713:(11–25 August) 5675: 5629: 5615: 5595:Harry S. Truman 5557:atomic bombings 5533: 5521:Main articles: 5519: 5472:Leslie Morshead 5460: 5446: 5417: 5409:Main articles: 5407: 5293: 5287: 5227:Mount Suribachi 5210: 5204: 5118: 5101: 5096: 5086: 5051:Puerto Princesa 4987:General Krueger 4955: 4938: 4911:Jesse Oldendorf 4880:Shōji Nishimura 4840: 4834: 4789:proximity fuzes 4742: 4736: 4684:captured Tinian 4680:recaptured Guam 4673:Mount Tapotchau 4656: 4644:Main articles: 4634: 4566:Gilbert Islands 4554: 4542:prolonged siege 4498:Geoffry Scoones 4479:Arakan Province 4475:Indian XV Corps 4467: 4449: 4429: 4424: 4392:Mark 14 torpedo 4290: 4284: 4264: 4252: 4238:Chiang Kai-shek 4230: 4215:Cape Gloucester 4163: 4151:Main articles: 4149: 4120: 4089:Joseph Stilwell 4081:Fourteenth Army 4014: 4008: 4006:Burma 1942–1943 3999:Joseph Stilwell 3995:Chiang Kai-shek 3934: 3932:China 1942–1943 3917: 3807:Henderson Field 3764: 3718:Solomon Islands 3714: 3706:Main articles: 3704: 3678:. The crippled 3620: 3597: 3441: 3435: 3332: 3304: 3240: 3235:Prime Minister 3234: 3203: 3186:attacked Bataan 3161: 3143: 3121:. This cut the 3097:valley and the 3095:Irrawaddy River 2972:Prince of Wales 2925: 2905: 2881: 2869:Thai government 2841:the Philippines 2825: 2789: 2752: 2677:Battle of Zaoyi 2627:Soviet Far East 2562:their civil war 2534: 2524:Chiang Kai-shek 2516: 2511: 2461:South-East Asia 2457:Central Pacific 2449: 2328: 2163: 2150: 2142:Mukden Incident 2125: 2106: 2086: 2061: 2047:Pacific theater 2030: 2013: 1931:the Philippines 1907:Empire of Japan 1864:Pacific Theater 1852: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1732:Other campaigns 1726:Southern France 1635:Burma and India 1630:South-East Asia 1625:Franco-Thai War 1480: 1474: 1472: 1442: 1437: 1423:China (1937–45) 1394:Tsingtao (1914) 1381: 1330: 1326:Empire of Japan 1325: 1322: 1320: 1290: 1285: 1277: 1189:Mariana Islands 1062:Solomon Islands 1031:Burma (1944–45) 1021:Burma (1942–43) 1016:Burma (1941–42) 1009:Burma and India 941:Franco-Thai War 888:Andaman Islands 815:Central Pacific 806: 801: 799: 765: 762: 754:Civilian deaths 750: 717: 714: 706:Civilian deaths 702: 662: 648: 634: 624: 614: 608: 598: 588: 578: 577: 569: 559: 549: 536: 526: 524: 514: 512: 500: 490: 488: 478: 476: 472:Chiang Kai-shek 466: 464: 438: 426: 424: 403: 392: 390: 379: 377: 365: 363: 271: 254: 253: 210: 197: 138: 137: 136: 135: 134: 126: 125: 116: 115: 114: 106: 105: 96: 95: 94: 86: 85: 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19323: 19313: 19312: 19307: 19290: 19289: 19287: 19286: 19281: 19276: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19220: 19218: 19214: 19213: 19210: 19209: 19207: 19206: 19205: 19204: 19193: 19191: 19187: 19186: 19184: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19137: 19135: 19129: 19128: 19126: 19125: 19120: 19118:State of Burma 19115: 19110: 19105: 19100: 19095: 19089: 19087: 19083: 19082: 19080: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19046: 19044: 19037: 19033: 19032: 19029: 19028: 19026: 19025: 19020: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18939:Musha Incident 18936: 18931: 18929:Jinan incident 18926: 18920: 18918: 18912: 18911: 18909: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18893: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18862: 18861: 18850: 18848: 18842: 18841: 18839: 18838: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18786:Beipu uprising 18783: 18777: 18775: 18770: 18764: 18760: 18759: 18756: 18755: 18753: 18752: 18750:Treaty Faction 18747: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18721: 18719: 18714: 18711: 18710: 18708: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18680:Imperial Guard 18677: 18672: 18667: 18661: 18659: 18654: 18651: 18650: 18648: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18621: 18620: 18605: 18604: 18603: 18598: 18587: 18585: 18580: 18574: 18570: 18569: 18566: 18565: 18563: 18562: 18561: 18560: 18555: 18545: 18540: 18535: 18529: 18527: 18520: 18517: 18516: 18514: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18447: 18445: 18440:Administration 18438: 18432: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18364: 18359: 18354: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18333: 18331: 18327: 18326: 18324: 18323: 18318: 18317: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18291: 18286: 18280: 18278: 18274: 18273: 18271: 18270: 18262: 18254: 18245: 18243: 18239: 18238: 18231: 18229: 18227: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18205: 18204: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18138: 18136: 18132: 18131: 18124: 18123: 18116: 18109: 18101: 18092: 18091: 18089: 18088: 18083: 18078: 18072: 18069: 18068: 18065: 18064: 18052: 18040: 18028: 18026:Occupied Nauru 18016: 18004: 17992: 17980: 17968: 17966: 17954: 17942: 17930: 17918: 17906: 17894: 17882: 17869: 17857: 17855:State of Burma 17845: 17833: 17821: 17809: 17797: 17785: 17773: 17761: 17749: 17737: 17724: 17723: 17720: 17719: 17707: 17706: 17699: 17692: 17684: 17675: 17674: 17672: 17671: 17664: 17657: 17640: 17637: 17636: 17633: 17632: 17630: 17629: 17628: 17627: 17620: 17613: 17599: 17598: 17597: 17583: 17580:South Sakhalin 17576: 17575: 17574: 17560: 17553: 17546: 17539: 17532: 17531: 17530: 17516: 17509: 17502: 17495: 17488: 17481: 17474: 17467: 17460: 17453: 17446: 17439: 17432: 17425: 17417: 17415: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17405: 17398: 17397: 17396: 17380: 17373: 17372: 17371: 17357: 17350: 17343: 17336: 17329: 17320: 17311: 17304: 17295: 17288: 17281: 17274: 17265: 17258: 17251: 17244: 17237: 17230: 17223: 17214: 17207: 17198: 17189: 17180: 17173: 17166: 17155: 17145: 17143: 17137: 17136: 17134: 17133: 17126: 17125: 17124: 17117: 17103: 17096: 17089: 17082: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17059: 17052: 17043: 17036: 17029: 17022: 17015: 17008: 17005:Battle of Attu 17001: 16994: 16986: 16984: 16978: 16977: 16975: 16974: 16967: 16958: 16951: 16944: 16935: 16928: 16921: 16914: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16896: 16882: 16875: 16868: 16861: 16854: 16847: 16840: 16833: 16826: 16819: 16811: 16809: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16799: 16792: 16785: 16778: 16771: 16764: 16757: 16754:Battle of Guam 16750: 16743: 16736: 16729: 16722: 16715: 16708: 16701: 16694: 16687: 16680: 16677:Battle of Kiev 16673: 16666: 16652: 16651: 16650: 16636: 16629: 16622: 16615: 16608: 16607: 16606: 16592: 16585: 16578: 16570: 16568: 16562: 16561: 16559: 16558: 16549: 16542: 16535: 16528: 16521: 16514: 16507: 16500: 16493: 16486: 16479: 16472: 16465: 16458: 16451: 16444: 16437: 16430: 16422: 16420: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16410: 16403: 16396: 16389: 16382: 16375: 16368: 16360: 16358: 16352: 16351: 16349: 16348: 16347: 16346: 16339: 16332: 16325: 16318: 16304: 16303: 16302: 16295: 16281: 16280: 16279: 16264: 16262: 16253: 16247: 16246: 16243: 16242: 16240: 16239: 16232: 16225: 16224: 16223: 16216: 16204: 16203: 16202: 16188: 16181: 16180: 16179: 16176:United Kingdom 16172: 16165: 16164: 16163: 16144: 16136: 16134: 16128: 16127: 16125: 16124: 16117: 16116: 16115: 16108: 16096: 16089: 16082: 16075: 16068: 16061: 16054: 16047: 16040: 16033: 16026: 16019: 16012: 16005: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15989: 15975: 15968: 15961: 15954: 15947: 15940: 15933: 15926: 15919: 15912: 15905: 15898: 15891: 15884: 15877: 15870: 15862: 15860: 15854: 15853: 15851: 15850: 15843: 15836: 15829: 15822: 15815: 15808: 15801: 15794: 15787: 15780: 15772: 15770: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15760: 15753: 15746: 15739: 15731: 15724: 15717: 15710: 15709: 15708: 15693: 15686: 15679: 15672: 15665: 15658: 15650: 15643: 15636: 15628: 15620: 15618: 15612: 15611: 15609: 15608: 15601: 15600: 15599: 15585: 15584: 15583: 15580:British Empire 15573:United Kingdom 15569: 15562: 15555: 15548: 15541: 15534: 15522: 15515: 15508: 15501: 15494: 15487: 15480: 15473: 15466: 15454: 15447: 15440: 15433: 15426: 15414: 15406: 15399: 15392: 15389:Czechoslovakia 15385: 15378: 15371: 15364: 15352: 15345: 15338: 15331: 15323: 15321: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15297: 15296: 15289: 15286:Rape of Manila 15282: 15275: 15268: 15257: 15242: 15235: 15223: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15207: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15184: 15177: 15163: 15156: 15155: 15154: 15147: 15146: 15145: 15138: 15124: 15117: 15103: 15102: 15101: 15094: 15087: 15072: 15070: 15064: 15063: 15061: 15060: 15057:United Nations 15053: 15046: 15039: 15038: 15037: 15030: 15023: 15016: 15002: 14993: 14984: 14977: 14970: 14963: 14954: 14947: 14940: 14933: 14926: 14919: 14916:Decolonization 14912: 14905: 14897: 14895: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14885: 14878: 14877: 14876: 14862: 14855: 14854: 14853: 14846: 14839: 14825: 14824: 14823: 14816: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14793: 14786: 14779: 14772: 14765: 14750: 14748: 14742: 14741: 14739: 14738: 14731: 14724: 14717: 14710: 14703: 14696: 14689: 14688: 14687: 14680: 14666: 14659: 14652: 14645: 14638: 14631: 14624: 14623: 14622: 14608: 14601: 14600: 14599: 14592: 14589:United Kingdom 14585: 14571: 14564: 14557: 14550: 14543: 14536: 14529: 14528: 14527: 14512: 14510: 14501: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14493: 14486: 14479: 14478: 14477: 14470: 14463: 14451: 14450: 14449: 14435: 14427: 14424: 14423: 14416: 14415: 14408: 14401: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14375: 14370: 14364: 14352: 14340: 14332: 14331:External links 14329: 14327: 14326: 14320: 14307: 14292: 14290:978-0393080650 14276: 14274:978-0393080643 14260: 14258:978-0393080650 14242: 14229: 14222: 14215: 14209: 14196: 14189: 14182: 14175: 14168: 14162: 14149: 14143: 14130: 14125:Potter, E. B. 14123: 14118:Potter, E. B. 14116: 14109: 14102: 14095: 14084: 14072: 14066: 14053: 14034: 14014: 14008: 13991: 13984: 13977: 13970: 13963: 13956: 13949: 13942: 13936: 13920: 13914: 13898: 13887: 13881: 13868: 13862: 13845: 13827:(1): 137–182. 13816: 13810: 13797: 13784: 13778: 13765: 13758: 13752: 13739: 13728: 13719: 13710: 13704: 13686: 13681:Main article: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13672: 13653: 13652: 13646: 13631: 13618: 13603: 13594: 13588: 13571: 13565: 13552: 13546: 13533: 13527: 13512: 13506: 13493: 13487: 13474: 13468: 13455: 13449: 13436: 13430: 13417: 13411: 13396: 13390: 13377: 13348: 13338: 13331: 13325: 13312: 13306: 13290: 13284: 13271: 13262: 13238: 13232: 13219: 13213: 13200: 13194: 13181: 13175: 13152: 13143: 13132: 13126: 13113: 13103:. The Atlantic 13096: 13090: 13074: 13068: 13053: 13044: 13038: 13025: 13019: 13006: 13000: 12987: 12957: 12951: 12936: 12934:. Bodley Head. 12927: 12921: 12908: 12899: 12893: 12880: 12874: 12861: 12842: 12836: 12821: 12815: 12803:Lin, Hsiao-tin 12799: 12793: 12780: 12774: 12756: 12747: 12741: 12728: 12711: 12705: 12688: 12682: 12669: 12657: 12651: 12636: 12630: 12617: 12611: 12598: 12592: 12579: 12573: 12560: 12554: 12539: 12533: 12520: 12514: 12494: 12485: 12467:(2): 312–336. 12456: 12450: 12437: 12431: 12415: 12409: 12394: 12388: 12371: 12362: 12356: 12339: 12333: 12320: 12314: 12301: 12295: 12282: 12276: 12263: 12257: 12244: 12228:Soviet Studies 12223: 12217: 12204: 12198: 12185: 12179: 12166: 12157: 12148: 12142: 12129: 12123: 12110: 12104: 12087: 12081: 12068: 12055: 12049: 12043:. p. 41. 12032: 12026: 12013: 11990: 11984: 11971: 11965: 11952: 11948:Silent Victory 11943: 11937: 11916: 11910: 11897: 11891: 11878: 11869: 11851:(4): 477–512. 11840: 11834: 11821: 11815: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11793: 11781: 11769: 11757: 11745: 11733: 11721: 11710:on 28 May 2014 11691: 11679: 11662: 11635: 11623: 11611: 11581: 11566:. Hawaii.edu. 11560:"Rummel, R.J. 11551: 11539: 11530: 11500: 11488: 11476: 11467: 11448: 11439: 11413: 11401: 11389: 11380: 11336: 11315: 11294: 11268: 11255: 11243: 11208: 11182: 11167: 11165:, p. 317. 11155: 11153:, p. 240. 11143: 11141:, p. 743. 11131: 11119: 11107: 11095: 11069: 11067:, p. 348. 11057: 11045: 11033: 11031:, p. 956. 11018: 10996: 10970: 10959:German U-boats 10940: 10931:, p. 300. 10921: 10908: 10901: 10883: 10857: 10822: 10810: 10798: 10796:, p. 806. 10786: 10774: 10742: 10740:, p. 228. 10723: 10711: 10690: 10663: 10631: 10605: 10590: 10578: 10566: 10554: 10533: 10518: 10516:, p. 248. 10503: 10501:, p. 170. 10487: 10475: 10473:, p. 412. 10456: 10454:, p. 445. 10444: 10440:Alexander 1996 10432: 10430:, p. 226. 10420: 10418:, p. 379. 10408: 10406:, p. 189. 10396: 10394:, p. 184. 10384: 10382:, p. 367. 10372: 10370:, p. 366. 10360: 10344: 10342:, p. 365. 10332: 10309: 10307:, p. 420. 10294: 10292:, p. 268. 10282: 10280:, p. 410. 10267: 10265:, p. 265. 10248: 10246:, p. 263. 10236: 10234:, p. 291. 10220: 10218:, p. 291. 10205: 10197: 10165: 10153: 10151:, p. 457. 10141: 10139:, p. 457. 10129: 10106: 10091: 10060: 10045: 10043:, p. 255. 10039:, p. 50; 10029: 10012: 9993: 9987:, p. 76; 9977: 9961: 9959:, p. 212. 9949: 9923: 9897: 9895:, p. 230. 9885: 9883:, p. 318. 9869: 9867:, p. 301. 9853: 9851:, p. 227. 9841: 9826: 9805: 9790: 9778: 9766: 9764:, p. 122. 9754: 9742: 9730: 9728:, p. 163. 9718: 9709: 9703:Davison, John 9696: 9670: 9642: 9640:, p. 877. 9630: 9603: 9591: 9578: 9565: 9563:, p. 512. 9553: 9541: 9529: 9507: 9495: 9480: 9465: 9453: 9438: 9426: 9424:, p. 491. 9414: 9412:, p. 180. 9402: 9390: 9378: 9365: 9344: 9342:, p. 171. 9332: 9320: 9318:, p. 138. 9308: 9296: 9294:, p. 158. 9284: 9282:, p. 490. 9272: 9270:, p. 109. 9260: 9248: 9222: 9205: 9188: 9173: 9167:, p. 35; 9157: 9145: 9133: 9121: 9119:, p. 489. 9109: 9088: 9076: 9057: 9045: 9043:, p. 118. 9030: 9028:, p. 648. 9018: 8999: 8973: 8947: 8921: 8912: 8886: 8884:, p. 213. 8874: 8872:, p. 149. 8857: 8855:, p. 377. 8845: 8843:, p. 172. 8833: 8806: 8775: 8744: 8732: 8696: 8665: 8650:. Awm.gov.au. 8639: 8627: 8615: 8613:, p. 407. 8603: 8573: 8543: 8513: 8495: 8463: 8451: 8449:, p. 113. 8439: 8437:, p. 488. 8424: 8422:, p. 175. 8412: 8397: 8385: 8373: 8361: 8349: 8336: 8324: 8292: 8280: 8268: 8266:, p. 320. 8256: 8254:, p. 636. 8244: 8242:, p. 120. 8232: 8220: 8208: 8193: 8189:MacKinnon 2008 8181: 8169: 8157: 8145: 8119: 8117:, p. 945. 8107: 8095: 8074: 8052: 8026: 8000: 7998:, p. 626. 7988: 7986:, p. 516. 7976: 7974:, p. 585. 7964: 7952: 7940: 7928: 7926:, p. 143. 7916: 7890: 7878: 7862: 7860:, p. 556. 7850: 7846:Murashima 2006 7838: 7826: 7810: 7798: 7796:, p. 299. 7783: 7781:, p. 297. 7771: 7762: 7747: 7732: 7717: 7715:, p. 203. 7705: 7679: 7664: 7643: 7621: 7596: 7574: 7515: 7506: 7491: 7484: 7466: 7450: 7441: 7433:Burma Campaign 7420: 7411:, p. 365. 7396: 7390:978-0813327181 7389: 7381:Hidden Horrors 7363: 7350: 7326: 7314: 7312:, p. 309. 7302: 7290: 7286:Harrison p. 29 7278: 7276:, p. 403. 7266: 7254: 7228: 7213: 7201: 7188: 7176: 7174:, p. 836. 7164: 7162:, p. 205. 7152: 7137: 7135:, p. 157. 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7088: 7075: 7057: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7031: 7017: 7003: 6989: 6975: 6961: 6947: 6933: 6930:British Empire 6919: 6905: 6883: 6874: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6850: 6827: 6814: 6801: 6788: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6726: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6618: 6615: 6606: 6603: 6588:Jonathan Rauch 6576:Main article: 6573: 6570: 6515: 6512: 6501:Main article: 6487: 6484: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6068: 6032:suicide charge 6023: 6020: 6002: 5999: 5966:Burma Campaign 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5934:Yasuji Okamura 5922: 5894:Rudolph Rummel 5891: 5887: 5883: 5867: 5864: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5794: 5774:Kantarō Suzuki 5744:Main article: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733:(18–23 August) 5722: 5721: 5720: 5719:(19–22 August) 5674: 5671: 5641:nuclear attack 5625:Main article: 5614: 5611: 5523:Japan campaign 5518: 5515: 5480:Thomas Kinkaid 5478:under Admiral 5456:Main article: 5445: 5442: 5406: 5403: 5289:Main article: 5286: 5283: 5206:Main article: 5203: 5200: 5153:Heitarō Kimura 5134:Cheduba Island 5114:Main article: 5100: 5097: 5085: 5082: 5043:Palawan Island 5003:urban fighting 4951:Main article: 4937: 4934: 4892:Surigao Strait 4884:Kiyohide Shima 4836:Main article: 4833: 4830: 4768:under Admiral 4766:US Fifth Fleet 4762:Jisaburō Ozawa 4738:Main article: 4735: 4734:Philippine Sea 4732: 4633: 4630: 4553: 4550: 4494:Operation U-Go 4463:Main article: 4448: 4445: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4335:, in June 1942 4323:The torpedoed 4286:Main article: 4283: 4280: 4263: 4260: 4248:Main article: 4229: 4226: 4222:island-hopping 4148: 4145: 4119: 4116: 4010:Main article: 4007: 4004: 3993:Generalissimo 3980:Isamu Yokoyama 3938:mainland China 3933: 3930: 3916: 3913: 3860:. The loss of 3792:Gunichi Mikawa 3763: 3760: 3756:Buna–Gona area 3703: 3700: 3645:Chuichi Nagumo 3616:Main article: 3596: 3593: 3485:Frank Fletcher 3437:Main article: 3434: 3431: 3395:Doolittle Raid 3331: 3328: 3303: 3300: 3286:in Australia. 3232: 3202: 3199: 3157:Main article: 3142: 3139: 2982:Following the 2924: 2921: 2901:Main article: 2880: 2877: 2829:Western powers 2824: 2821: 2788: 2785: 2751: 2748: 2742:non-combatants 2530:Main article: 2522:Generalissimo 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2448: 2445: 2409:), as well as 2399:British Borneo 2395:British Malaya 2327: 2324: 2316:and later the 2294:South Sakhalin 2286:Inner Mongolia 2171:British Empire 2162: 2159: 2149: 2146: 2116:Taiheiyō Sensō 2073:Dai Tō-A Sensō 2029: 2026: 2012: 2009: 1974:island hopping 1847: 1846: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1801:Baltic Nations 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1610: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1456: 1448: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1349:Ganghwa (1875) 1346: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1319: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1296: 1287: 1286: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1218: 1216:South Sakhalin 1213: 1208: 1203: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1052: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1004: 999: 992: 985: 978: 973: 971:Malacca Strait 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 932: 931: 929:Southeast Asia 925: 924: 919: 914: 913: 912: 902: 897: 896: 895: 885: 879: 878: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 839:Doolittle Raid 836: 829: 824: 818: 817: 811: 808: 807: 798: 797: 790: 783: 775: 767: 766: 764: 763: 761: 760: 756: 751: 749: 748: 745: 742: 741:131 submarines 739: 738:135 destroyers 736: 733: 732:11 battleships 730: 726: 720: 718: 716: 715: 713: 712: 708: 703: 701: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 678: 672: 669: 668: 664: 663: 661: 660: 632: 622: 611: 609: 607: 606: 596: 586: 567: 557: 546: 543: 542: 538: 537: 535: 534: 522: 509: 501: 499: 498: 486: 474: 461: 458:Allied leaders 452: 451: 447: 446: 437: 436: 420: 411: 402: 401: 399:United Kingdom 388: 375: 359: 349: 348: 344: 343: 340: 339: 338: 337: 327:South Sakhalin 323: 317:United Nations 309: 297:Liberation of 295: 273: 267: 266: 260: 256: 255: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 234:Southeast Asia 231: 226: 220: 219: 217: 213: 212: 207: 199: 198: 196: 195: 188: 181: 178:Burma campaign 174: 161: 154:naval aircraft 150: 142: 128: 127: 119: 118: 117: 108: 107: 99: 98: 97: 88: 87: 79: 78: 77: 76: 75: 72: 71: 64: 63: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19322: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19302: 19300: 19285: 19282: 19280: 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19265: 19262: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19250: 19247: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19229:Fukoku kyōhei 19227: 19225: 19222: 19221: 19219: 19215: 19203: 19200: 19199: 19198: 19195: 19194: 19192: 19188: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19138: 19136: 19134: 19130: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19104: 19101: 19099: 19096: 19094: 19091: 19090: 19088: 19086:Puppet states 19084: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19057: 19056: 19051: 19048: 19047: 19045: 19041: 19038: 19034: 19024: 19021: 19018: 19014: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18985: 18982: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18921: 18919: 18917: 18913: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18889: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18860: 18857: 18856: 18855: 18852: 18851: 18849: 18847: 18843: 18837: 18834: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18768: 18765: 18761: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18745:Fleet Faction 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18725:General Staff 18723: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18712: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18665:General Staff 18663: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18652: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18619: 18618:military code 18617: 18613: 18612: 18611: 18610: 18606: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18594: 18593: 18592: 18589: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18578: 18575: 18571: 18559: 18556: 18554: 18551: 18550: 18549: 18548:Imperial Diet 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18538:Privy Council 18536: 18534: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18518: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18456:Home Ministry 18454: 18452: 18449: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18436: 18433: 18429: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18334: 18332: 18328: 18322: 18319: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18299:Imperial Seal 18297: 18296: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18284:Flag of Japan 18282: 18281: 18279: 18275: 18269: 18263: 18261: 18255: 18253: 18247: 18246: 18244: 18240: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18203: 18200: 18199: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18133: 18129: 18122: 18117: 18115: 18110: 18108: 18103: 18102: 18099: 18087: 18084: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18073: 18070: 18063: 18053: 18051: 18041: 18039: 18029: 18027: 18017: 18015: 18014:Occupied Guam 18005: 18003: 17993: 17991: 17981: 17978: 17967: 17965: 17955: 17953: 17943: 17941: 17931: 17929: 17919: 17917: 17907: 17905: 17895: 17893: 17883: 17881: 17870: 17868: 17858: 17856: 17846: 17844: 17834: 17832: 17822: 17820: 17810: 17808: 17798: 17796: 17786: 17784: 17774: 17772: 17762: 17760: 17750: 17748: 17738: 17736: 17726: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17713: 17705: 17700: 17698: 17693: 17691: 17686: 17685: 17682: 17669: 17665: 17662: 17658: 17655: 17654: 17649: 17642: 17641: 17638: 17625: 17621: 17618: 17614: 17611: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17600: 17595: 17591: 17590: 17588: 17587:Kuril Islands 17584: 17581: 17577: 17572: 17568: 17567: 17565: 17561: 17558: 17554: 17551: 17547: 17544: 17540: 17537: 17533: 17528: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17517: 17514: 17510: 17507: 17503: 17500: 17496: 17493: 17489: 17486: 17482: 17479: 17475: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17461: 17458: 17454: 17451: 17447: 17444: 17440: 17437: 17433: 17430: 17426: 17423: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17414: 17410: 17403: 17399: 17394: 17393: 17388: 17387: 17385: 17381: 17378: 17374: 17369: 17365: 17364: 17362: 17358: 17355: 17354:Syrmian Front 17351: 17348: 17344: 17341: 17337: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17326: 17321: 17318: 17317: 17312: 17309: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17300:Market Garden 17296: 17293: 17289: 17286: 17282: 17279: 17275: 17272: 17271: 17266: 17263: 17259: 17256: 17252: 17249: 17245: 17242: 17238: 17235: 17231: 17228: 17224: 17221: 17220: 17215: 17212: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17199: 17196: 17195: 17190: 17187: 17186: 17181: 17178: 17174: 17171: 17167: 17164: 17160: 17159:Monte Cassino 17156: 17153: 17152: 17147: 17146: 17144: 17142: 17138: 17131: 17127: 17122: 17118: 17115: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17104: 17101: 17097: 17094: 17090: 17087: 17083: 17080: 17076: 17071: 17067: 17066: 17064: 17060: 17057: 17053: 17050: 17049: 17044: 17041: 17037: 17034: 17030: 17027: 17023: 17020: 17016: 17013: 17009: 17006: 17002: 16999: 16995: 16992: 16988: 16987: 16985: 16983: 16979: 16972: 16968: 16965: 16964: 16959: 16956: 16952: 16949: 16945: 16942: 16941: 16936: 16933: 16929: 16926: 16922: 16919: 16915: 16912: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16897: 16894: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16880: 16876: 16873: 16869: 16866: 16862: 16859: 16855: 16852: 16848: 16845: 16841: 16838: 16834: 16831: 16827: 16824: 16820: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16808: 16804: 16797: 16793: 16790: 16786: 16783: 16779: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16765: 16762: 16758: 16755: 16751: 16748: 16744: 16741: 16737: 16734: 16730: 16727: 16723: 16720: 16716: 16713: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16699: 16695: 16692: 16688: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16674: 16671: 16667: 16663: 16662: 16657: 16653: 16648: 16644: 16643: 16641: 16637: 16634: 16630: 16627: 16623: 16620: 16616: 16613: 16609: 16604: 16600: 16599: 16597: 16593: 16590: 16586: 16583: 16579: 16576: 16572: 16571: 16569: 16567: 16563: 16556: 16555: 16550: 16547: 16543: 16540: 16536: 16533: 16529: 16526: 16525:Baltic states 16522: 16519: 16515: 16512: 16508: 16505: 16501: 16498: 16494: 16491: 16487: 16484: 16480: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16466: 16463: 16459: 16456: 16452: 16449: 16445: 16442: 16438: 16435: 16431: 16428: 16424: 16423: 16421: 16419: 16415: 16408: 16404: 16401: 16397: 16394: 16390: 16387: 16383: 16380: 16376: 16373: 16369: 16366: 16362: 16361: 16359: 16357: 16353: 16344: 16340: 16337: 16333: 16330: 16326: 16323: 16319: 16316: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16305: 16300: 16296: 16293: 16289: 16288: 16286: 16282: 16277: 16273: 16272: 16270: 16266: 16265: 16263: 16261: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16248: 16237: 16233: 16230: 16226: 16221: 16217: 16214: 16210: 16209: 16205: 16200: 16196: 16195: 16193: 16189: 16186: 16182: 16177: 16173: 16170: 16169:United States 16166: 16161: 16157: 16156: 16154: 16150: 16149: 16145: 16142: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16133: 16129: 16122: 16118: 16113: 16109: 16106: 16105:Quốc dân Đảng 16102: 16101: 16097: 16094: 16090: 16087: 16083: 16080: 16076: 16073: 16069: 16066: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16052: 16048: 16045: 16041: 16038: 16034: 16031: 16027: 16024: 16020: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16006: 16003: 15999: 15994: 15990: 15987: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15976: 15973: 15969: 15966: 15962: 15959: 15955: 15952: 15948: 15945: 15941: 15938: 15934: 15931: 15927: 15924: 15920: 15917: 15913: 15910: 15906: 15903: 15899: 15896: 15892: 15889: 15885: 15882: 15878: 15875: 15871: 15868: 15864: 15863: 15861: 15859: 15855: 15848: 15844: 15841: 15837: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15813: 15809: 15806: 15805:Liechtenstein 15802: 15799: 15795: 15792: 15788: 15785: 15781: 15778: 15774: 15773: 15771: 15769: 15765: 15758: 15754: 15751: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15718: 15715: 15711: 15706: 15702: 15701: 15698: 15694: 15691: 15687: 15684: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15670: 15666: 15663: 15659: 15655: 15651: 15648: 15644: 15641: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15626: 15622: 15621: 15619: 15617: 15613: 15606: 15602: 15597: 15593: 15592: 15590: 15589:United States 15586: 15581: 15577: 15576: 15574: 15570: 15567: 15563: 15560: 15556: 15553: 15549: 15546: 15542: 15539: 15535: 15531: 15527: 15523: 15520: 15516: 15513: 15509: 15506: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15452: 15448: 15445: 15441: 15438: 15434: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15419: 15415: 15411: 15407: 15404: 15400: 15397: 15393: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15376: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15361: 15357: 15353: 15350: 15346: 15343: 15339: 15336: 15332: 15329: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15320: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15307: 15294: 15290: 15287: 15283: 15280: 15279:Comfort women 15276: 15273: 15269: 15266: 15263: / 15262: 15258: 15255: 15252: / 15251: 15248: / 15247: 15243: 15240: 15239:Camp brothels 15236: 15233: 15229: 15228: 15224: 15221: 15217: 15212: 15208: 15205: 15201: 15200: 15198: 15194: 15189: 15185: 15182: 15178: 15175: 15171: 15170: 15168: 15164: 15161: 15157: 15152: 15148: 15143: 15139: 15136: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15128:The Holocaust 15125: 15122: 15118: 15115: 15114:forced labour 15111: 15110: 15108: 15104: 15099: 15095: 15092: 15088: 15085: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15069: 15065: 15058: 15054: 15051: 15047: 15044: 15040: 15035: 15031: 15028: 15024: 15021: 15017: 15014: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14999: 14994: 14991: 14990: 14985: 14982: 14978: 14975: 14971: 14968: 14967:Marshall Plan 14964: 14961: 14960: 14955: 14952: 14948: 14945: 14941: 14938: 14934: 14931: 14927: 14924: 14920: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14906: 14903: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14890: 14883: 14879: 14874: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14863: 14860: 14856: 14851: 14847: 14844: 14840: 14837: 14833: 14832: 14830: 14826: 14821: 14820:Eastern Front 14817: 14814: 14813:Western Front 14810: 14809: 14807: 14803: 14798: 14794: 14791: 14787: 14784: 14780: 14777: 14773: 14770: 14766: 14763: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14752: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14743: 14736: 14732: 14729: 14725: 14722: 14718: 14715: 14711: 14708: 14707:Puppet states 14704: 14701: 14697: 14694: 14690: 14685: 14681: 14678: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14667: 14664: 14660: 14657: 14653: 14650: 14649:Naval history 14646: 14643: 14639: 14636: 14632: 14629: 14625: 14620: 14616: 14615: 14613: 14609: 14606: 14602: 14597: 14596:United States 14593: 14590: 14586: 14583: 14579: 14578: 14576: 14572: 14569: 14565: 14562: 14558: 14555: 14551: 14548: 14544: 14541: 14537: 14534: 14530: 14525: 14521: 14520: 14518: 14514: 14513: 14511: 14509: 14505: 14502: 14498: 14491: 14487: 14484: 14480: 14475: 14471: 14468: 14464: 14461: 14457: 14456: 14452: 14447: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14436: 14433: 14429: 14428: 14425: 14421: 14414: 14409: 14407: 14402: 14400: 14395: 14394: 14391: 14385: 14381: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14359: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14347: 14344: 14341: 14338: 14335: 14334: 14323: 14317: 14313: 14308: 14305: 14304:0-521-44317-2 14301: 14297: 14293: 14291: 14287: 14283: 14282: 14278:Toll, Ian W. 14277: 14275: 14271: 14267: 14266: 14262:Toll, Ian W. 14261: 14259: 14255: 14251: 14250: 14246: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14233: 14232:Sledge, E. B. 14230: 14227: 14223: 14220: 14216: 14212: 14206: 14202: 14197: 14194: 14190: 14187: 14183: 14180: 14176: 14173: 14169: 14165: 14159: 14155: 14150: 14146: 14140: 14136: 14131: 14128: 14124: 14121: 14117: 14114: 14111:Potter, E. B. 14110: 14107: 14103: 14100: 14096: 14093: 14092:online review 14089: 14085: 14082: 14081: 14076: 14073: 14069: 14063: 14059: 14054: 14050: 14046: 14042: 14041: 14035: 14032: 14028: 14024: 14021: 14020: 14015: 14011: 14009:1-59114-472-8 14005: 14001: 13997: 13992: 13989: 13985: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13968: 13964: 13961: 13957: 13954: 13950: 13947: 13943: 13939: 13933: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13917: 13911: 13907: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13884: 13878: 13874: 13869: 13865: 13863:0-679-75303-6 13859: 13855: 13851: 13846: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13830: 13826: 13822: 13817: 13813: 13807: 13803: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13785: 13781: 13779:0-786-41451-0 13775: 13771: 13766: 13763: 13759: 13755: 13753:1-55750-243-9 13749: 13745: 13740: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13725: 13720: 13716: 13711: 13707: 13705:0-8133-3869-7 13701: 13696: 13695: 13688: 13687: 13684: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13658: 13649: 13643: 13639: 13638: 13632: 13621: 13615: 13611: 13610: 13604: 13600: 13595: 13591: 13589:1-59114-994-0 13585: 13580: 13579: 13572: 13568: 13566:1-461-64607-3 13562: 13558: 13553: 13549: 13547:0-253-34528-6 13543: 13539: 13534: 13530: 13528:0-87021-092-0 13524: 13520: 13519: 13513: 13509: 13503: 13499: 13494: 13490: 13488:0-8129-6858-1 13484: 13480: 13475: 13471: 13465: 13462:. Routledge. 13461: 13456: 13452: 13446: 13442: 13437: 13433: 13431:0-82641-521-0 13427: 13423: 13418: 13414: 13408: 13404: 13403: 13397: 13393: 13387: 13383: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13353:Asian Affairs 13349: 13346: 13342: 13339: 13336: 13332: 13328: 13322: 13318: 13313: 13309: 13307:0-552-08757-2 13303: 13299: 13295: 13294:Slim, William 13291: 13287: 13281: 13277: 13272: 13268: 13263: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13239: 13235: 13229: 13225: 13220: 13216: 13214:0-8153-1883-9 13210: 13207:. Routledge. 13206: 13201: 13197: 13195:0-945274-35-1 13191: 13187: 13182: 13178: 13172: 13168: 13164: 13161:. Routledge. 13160: 13159: 13153: 13149: 13144: 13140: 13139: 13133: 13129: 13123: 13119: 13114: 13102: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13069:1-57488-923-0 13065: 13061: 13060: 13054: 13050: 13045: 13041: 13035: 13031: 13026: 13022: 13016: 13012: 13007: 13003: 12997: 12993: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12968: 12964: 12958: 12954: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12937: 12933: 12928: 12924: 12922:0-19-558376-0 12918: 12914: 12909: 12905: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12886: 12881: 12877: 12871: 12867: 12862: 12858: 12854: 12850: 12849: 12843: 12839: 12833: 12829: 12828: 12822: 12818: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12800: 12796: 12794:1-874622-21-3 12790: 12786: 12781: 12777: 12775:0-674-00334-9 12771: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12757: 12753: 12748: 12744: 12738: 12734: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12717: 12712: 12708: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12675: 12670: 12666: 12662: 12658: 12654: 12648: 12644: 12643: 12637: 12633: 12627: 12623: 12618: 12614: 12608: 12604: 12599: 12595: 12589: 12585: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12566: 12561: 12557: 12551: 12547: 12546: 12540: 12536: 12534:0-521-64483-6 12530: 12526: 12521: 12517: 12511: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12486: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12457: 12453: 12447: 12443: 12438: 12434: 12428: 12424: 12420: 12416: 12412: 12410:0-674-11673-9 12406: 12402: 12401: 12395: 12391: 12389:0-87021-192-7 12385: 12381: 12377: 12372: 12368: 12363: 12359: 12357:0-8032-1708-0 12353: 12349: 12345: 12340: 12336: 12334:0-394-75172-8 12330: 12326: 12321: 12317: 12311: 12307: 12302: 12298: 12292: 12288: 12283: 12279: 12273: 12269: 12264: 12260: 12254: 12250: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12224: 12220: 12214: 12210: 12205: 12201: 12195: 12191: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12172: 12167: 12163: 12158: 12155:(4 ed.). 12154: 12149: 12145: 12143:0-7864-1204-6 12139: 12136:. McFarland. 12135: 12130: 12126: 12120: 12116: 12111: 12107: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12074: 12069: 12065: 12061: 12056: 12052: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12033: 12029: 12023: 12019: 12014: 12010: 12004: 11996: 11991: 11987: 11981: 11977: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11959:. Routledge. 11958: 11953: 11949: 11944: 11940: 11934: 11930: 11926: 11923:. Routledge. 11922: 11917: 11913: 11907: 11903: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11884: 11879: 11875: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11841: 11837: 11835:0-460-02474-4 11831: 11827: 11822: 11818: 11812: 11808: 11803: 11802: 11790: 11789:McGibbon 2000 11785: 11778: 11773: 11766: 11761: 11754: 11749: 11742: 11737: 11730: 11725: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11695: 11688: 11683: 11675: 11674: 11666: 11650: 11646: 11639: 11632: 11627: 11620: 11615: 11599: 11595: 11591: 11585: 11569: 11565: 11563: 11555: 11548: 11543: 11534: 11527: 11515: 11511: 11504: 11498:, p. 61. 11497: 11492: 11485: 11480: 11471: 11464: 11460: 11457: 11452: 11443: 11428:on 5 May 2008 11427: 11423: 11417: 11411:, p. 53. 11410: 11405: 11398: 11393: 11384: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11361: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11346: 11340: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11319: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11298: 11283: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11259: 11252: 11247: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11217: 11215: 11213: 11197: 11193: 11186: 11179: 11174: 11172: 11164: 11159: 11152: 11147: 11140: 11135: 11129:, p. 90. 11128: 11123: 11116: 11111: 11105:, p. 43. 11104: 11099: 11083: 11079: 11073: 11066: 11061: 11054: 11049: 11040: 11038: 11030: 11025: 11023: 11006: 11000: 10984: 10980: 10974: 10967: 10963: 10960: 10956: 10952: 10949: 10944: 10936: 10930: 10925: 10918: 10912: 10904: 10898: 10894: 10887: 10871: 10867: 10861: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10814: 10807: 10802: 10795: 10790: 10783: 10782:Garthoff 1969 10778: 10762: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10746: 10739: 10735: 10730: 10728: 10721:, p. 89. 10720: 10715: 10708: 10707:0-679-44331-2 10704: 10700: 10694: 10687: 10686:World War Two 10683: 10679: 10676: 10670: 10668: 10651: 10647: 10646: 10641: 10635: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10602: 10597: 10595: 10587: 10582: 10575: 10570: 10563: 10558: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10537: 10530: 10525: 10523: 10515: 10510: 10508: 10500: 10496: 10491: 10484: 10479: 10472: 10468: 10463: 10461: 10453: 10448: 10441: 10436: 10429: 10424: 10417: 10412: 10405: 10400: 10393: 10388: 10381: 10376: 10369: 10364: 10357: 10353: 10348: 10341: 10336: 10330: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10313: 10306: 10301: 10299: 10291: 10286: 10279: 10274: 10272: 10264: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10245: 10240: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10217: 10212: 10210: 10200: 10198:1-85285-192-9 10194: 10190: 10186: 10185: 10180: 10179:Towle, Philip 10174: 10172: 10170: 10162: 10157: 10150: 10145: 10138: 10133: 10126: 10123: 10119: 10116: 10110: 10104:, p. 41. 10103: 10098: 10096: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10058:, p. 31. 10057: 10052: 10050: 10042: 10041:Willmott 2005 10038: 10033: 10027:, p. 50. 10026: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10010:, p. 49. 10009: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9990: 9986: 9981: 9975:, p. 37. 9974: 9973:Willmott 2005 9970: 9965: 9958: 9953: 9937: 9933: 9927: 9911: 9907: 9901: 9894: 9889: 9882: 9878: 9873: 9866: 9862: 9857: 9850: 9845: 9839:, p. 15. 9838: 9833: 9831: 9824:, p. 47. 9823: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9803:, p. 46. 9802: 9797: 9795: 9788:, p. 14. 9787: 9782: 9776:, p. 70. 9775: 9770: 9763: 9758: 9751: 9746: 9739: 9734: 9727: 9726:Xiaobing 2012 9722: 9713: 9707:, pp. 37, 106 9706: 9700: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9659: 9655: 9654: 9646: 9639: 9634: 9618: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9595: 9588: 9582: 9575: 9569: 9562: 9561:Reynolds 1974 9557: 9550: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9511: 9504: 9499: 9492: 9487: 9485: 9478: 9475: 9469: 9462: 9457: 9450: 9445: 9443: 9435: 9430: 9423: 9418: 9411: 9406: 9399: 9394: 9387: 9382: 9375: 9369: 9361: 9357: 9351: 9349: 9341: 9336: 9330:, p. 19. 9329: 9324: 9317: 9312: 9306:, p. 28. 9305: 9300: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9276: 9269: 9268:Willmott 2002 9264: 9258:, p. 96. 9257: 9256:Willmott 2002 9252: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9220:, p. 38. 9219: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9203:, p. 37. 9202: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9186:, p. 36. 9185: 9180: 9178: 9171:, p. 55. 9170: 9169:Willmott 2002 9166: 9161: 9155:, p. 55. 9154: 9153:Willmott 2002 9149: 9142: 9137: 9131:, p. 33. 9130: 9125: 9118: 9113: 9107:, p. 34. 9106: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9085: 9080: 9074:, p. 32. 9073: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9054: 9049: 9042: 9041:Willmott 1983 9037: 9035: 9027: 9022: 9016:, p. 31. 9015: 9010: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8935: 8931: 8925: 8916: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8883: 8882:Willmott 2014 8878: 8871: 8870:Willmott 2014 8866: 8864: 8862: 8854: 8849: 8842: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8779: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8736: 8729: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8636: 8631: 8624: 8619: 8612: 8607: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8473: 8467: 8461:, p. 60. 8460: 8455: 8448: 8443: 8436: 8431: 8429: 8421: 8416: 8410:, p. 28. 8409: 8404: 8402: 8394: 8393:Willmott 1983 8389: 8382: 8377: 8371:, p. 23. 8370: 8365: 8358: 8353: 8346: 8340: 8333: 8328: 8320: 8308: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8284: 8278:, p. 28. 8277: 8272: 8265: 8260: 8253: 8248: 8241: 8236: 8230:, p. 55. 8229: 8224: 8217: 8212: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8185: 8178: 8173: 8166: 8161: 8154: 8149: 8133: 8129: 8123: 8116: 8111: 8104: 8099: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8079: 8062: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7961: 7960:Costello 1982 7956: 7950:, p. 26. 7949: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7909: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7888:, p. 19. 7887: 7882: 7875: 7871: 7866: 7859: 7854: 7847: 7842: 7835: 7830: 7823: 7820: 7814: 7807: 7802: 7795: 7790: 7788: 7780: 7775: 7766: 7759: 7754: 7752: 7744: 7739: 7737: 7729: 7724: 7722: 7714: 7709: 7693: 7689: 7683: 7676: 7671: 7669: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7640:0-7923-5851-1 7637: 7633: 7632: 7625: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7584: 7578: 7570: 7558: 7545: 7530:on 5 May 2008 7529: 7525: 7519: 7510: 7504:, p. 65. 7503: 7498: 7496: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7445: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7416: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7392: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7360: 7354: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7338:www.uboat.net 7335: 7330: 7324:, p. 72. 7323: 7318: 7311: 7306: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7270: 7263: 7262:Cherevko 2003 7258: 7242: 7238: 7232: 7226:, p. 10. 7225: 7224:Hastings 2008 7220: 7218: 7210: 7205: 7198: 7192: 7185: 7180: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7160:Hastings 2008 7156: 7150:, p. 11. 7149: 7144: 7142: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7085: 7079: 7072: 7071:East Timorese 7068: 7061: 7052: 7043: 7032: 7029: 7018: 7015: 7004: 7001: 6990: 6987: 6976: 6973: 6962: 6959: 6948: 6945: 6934: 6931: 6920: 6917: 6916:United States 6906: 6903: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6878: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6818: 6811: 6805: 6798: 6792: 6783: 6774: 6765: 6756: 6747: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6621: 6614: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6579: 6572:By the Allies 6569: 6567: 6566:comfort women 6558: 6554: 6552: 6551:Death Railway 6546: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6510: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6483: 6481: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6448: 6439: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6383: 6380: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6333:Lesser Sundas 6332: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6139: 6136: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6095:Bonin Islands 6094: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6019: 6017: 6011: 6007: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5958: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5930:sanko sakusen 5927: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855:John W. Dower 5847: 5842: 5836:United States 5823: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5793: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5779: 5775: 5767: 5766: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5718: 5717:Maoka Landing 5715: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5700: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5683: 5682:an invasion. 5680: 5670: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5639:in the first 5638: 5634: 5628: 5619: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5573: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5514: 5512: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5450: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5398: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5315: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5297: 5292: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5268:Mt. Suribachi 5265: 5264:Harry Schmidt 5259: 5257: 5256:Holland Smith 5253: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5228: 5224: 5223:Joe Rosenthal 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5130:Ramree Island 5127: 5122: 5117: 5109: 5108:Royal Marines 5105: 5095: 5091: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5020:Escuadrón 201 5011: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4979:Lingayen Gulf 4976: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4959:US Sixth Army 4954: 4946: 4942: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4916: 4915:radio silence 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4853: 4844: 4839: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4731: 4728: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4638: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534:at Mount Song 4531: 4527: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4458: 4453: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4380: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4343: 4342:friendly fire 4334: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4279: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4259: 4257: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4225: 4223: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4140: 4138: 4129: 4124: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4108:Xishuangbanna 4105: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4013: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3926: 3921: 3912: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3897:Tokyo Express 3894: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3776:coastwatchers 3768: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652:SBD Dauntless 3648: 3646: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3619: 3612:heavy bombers 3611: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3523:and damaging 3522: 3518: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3462: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3430: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3406:Marcus Island 3403: 3402: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3388:New Caledonia 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3347: 3341: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3312:Harry Hopkins 3309: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3231: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3087:Sittang River 3084: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3054:Karel Doorman 3051: 3046: 3044: 3040: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2957:battlecruiser 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2929: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:Southern Plan 2794: 2791:The Japanese 2784: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:Georgy Zhukov 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2589: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2538: 2533: 2525: 2520: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2495:Kwantung Army 2492: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2440: 2439:Monsun Gruppe 2434: 2433:raiding ships 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2373:of Korea and 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:puppet states 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2313:Le Triomphant 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2251:Khmer Issarak 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2154: 2145: 2143: 2136: 2135:Jūgonen Sensō 2124: 2117: 2104: 2097: 2085: 2081: 2074: 2067: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2023: 2017: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Pacific Ocean 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1709:Syria–Lebanon 1707: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1613:Pacific Ocean 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1582:Eastern Front 1580: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1531:Western Front 1529: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1483: 1478: 1475:Campaigns of 1469: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387:Taishō period 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1354:Ryukyu (1879) 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344:Taiwan (1874) 1342: 1341: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1328: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1221:Kuril Islands 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1104:North America 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097:Borneo (1945) 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1000: 998: 997: 993: 991: 990: 986: 984: 983: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 933: 930: 927: 926: 923: 920: 918: 917:Bay of Bengal 915: 911: 908: 907: 906: 903: 901: 898: 894: 891: 890: 889: 886: 884: 881: 880: 877: 874: 873: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 834: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 816: 813: 812: 809: 804: 796: 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51: 47: 40: 33: 19: 19217:Other topics 19053: 18993: 18891:Taishō Roman 18645:Conscription 18615: 18607: 18582:Armed Forces 18442:(ministries) 18342:Charter Oath 18337:Constitution 18219:State Shinto 18202:Essentialism 18152:Demographics 18085: 17716:World War II 17661:Bibliography 17644: 17457:Project Hula 17422:Vistula–Oder 17391: 17324: 17315: 17299: 17269: 17218: 17202: 17193: 17184: 17150: 17047: 16962: 16938: 16908: 16659: 16552: 16497:North Africa 16199:Soviet Union 16153:Soviet Union 16079:Soviet Union 15847:Vatican City 15757:Vichy France 15662:German Reich 15559:Soviet Union 15545:South Africa 15538:Sierra Leone 15491:Newfoundland 15310:Participants 15293:Marocchinate 14997: 14988: 14958: 14836:North Africa 14797:Indian Ocean 14775: 14656:Nazi plunder 14547:Cryptography 14420:World War II 14311: 14295: 14279: 14263: 14247: 14245:Toll, Ian W. 14235: 14225: 14218: 14200: 14192: 14185: 14178: 14171: 14153: 14134: 14126: 14119: 14112: 14105: 14098: 14087: 14078: 14057: 14039: 14018: 13995: 13987: 13980: 13973: 13966: 13959: 13952: 13945: 13927: 13905: 13894: 13872: 13854:Random House 13852:. New York: 13849: 13824: 13820: 13801: 13792: 13769: 13761: 13743: 13735: 13731: 13723: 13714: 13693: 13664: 13655: 13654: 13636: 13623:. Retrieved 13612:. Abc-Clio. 13608: 13598: 13577: 13556: 13537: 13517: 13497: 13478: 13459: 13440: 13421: 13401: 13381: 13359:(1): 66–74. 13356: 13352: 13344: 13334: 13316: 13297: 13275: 13266: 13254:. Retrieved 13250: 13246: 13223: 13204: 13185: 13157: 13147: 13136: 13117: 13105:. Retrieved 13081: 13058: 13048: 13029: 13010: 12991: 12966: 12962: 12941: 12931: 12912: 12903: 12884: 12865: 12847: 12826: 12806: 12784: 12764: 12751: 12732: 12715: 12696: 12692: 12673: 12664: 12641: 12624:. Casemate. 12621: 12602: 12583: 12564: 12544: 12524: 12501: 12489: 12464: 12460: 12441: 12422: 12399: 12379: 12366: 12346:. Nebraska: 12343: 12324: 12305: 12286: 12267: 12248: 12234:(1): 51–65. 12231: 12227: 12208: 12189: 12170: 12161: 12152: 12133: 12114: 12096:M. E. Sharpe 12091: 12075:. Springer. 12072: 12063: 12059: 12036: 12017: 11994: 11975: 11956: 11947: 11920: 11901: 11885:. AB&B. 11882: 11873: 11848: 11844: 11825: 11806: 11784: 11772: 11760: 11748: 11736: 11724: 11712:. Retrieved 11708:the original 11703: 11694: 11682: 11672: 11665: 11653:. Retrieved 11638: 11626: 11614: 11602:. Retrieved 11593: 11584: 11572:. Retrieved 11561: 11554: 11542: 11533: 11525: 11518:. Retrieved 11503: 11491: 11479: 11470: 11451: 11442: 11430:. Retrieved 11426:the original 11416: 11404: 11397:Russell 1997 11392: 11383: 11339: 11318: 11310: 11306: 11297: 11285:. Retrieved 11282:warmuseum.ca 11281: 11271: 11263: 11258: 11246: 11234:. Retrieved 11225: 11199:. Retrieved 11195: 11185: 11180:, p. 4. 11158: 11146: 11134: 11122: 11110: 11098: 11086:. Retrieved 11081: 11072: 11060: 11048: 11009:. Retrieved 10999: 10987:. Retrieved 10982: 10973: 10943: 10924: 10916: 10911: 10892: 10886: 10874:. Retrieved 10860: 10850:27 September 10848:. Retrieved 10835: 10825: 10813: 10801: 10789: 10777: 10765:. Retrieved 10756: 10751: 10745: 10738:Cleaver 2018 10714: 10698: 10693: 10685: 10654:. Retrieved 10643: 10634: 10622:. Retrieved 10608: 10581: 10569: 10557: 10536: 10499:Cleaver 2018 10490: 10478: 10447: 10435: 10428:Cleaver 2018 10423: 10411: 10404:Cleaver 2018 10399: 10392:Cleaver 2018 10387: 10375: 10363: 10356:Cleaver 2018 10352:Hopkins 2010 10347: 10335: 10317: 10312: 10285: 10239: 10232:Hopkins 2010 10223: 10216:Hopkins 2010 10183: 10156: 10144: 10132: 10124: 10109: 10082:. Retrieved 10073: 10063: 10056:Cleaver 2018 10032: 9989:Peattie 2007 9980: 9969:Peattie 2007 9964: 9957:Y'Blood 1981 9952: 9940:. Retrieved 9936:the original 9926: 9914:. Retrieved 9900: 9893:Hopkins 2010 9888: 9877:Hopkins 2010 9872: 9861:Hopkins 2010 9856: 9849:Hopkins 2010 9844: 9837:Y'Blood 1981 9786:Y'Blood 1981 9781: 9769: 9757: 9745: 9733: 9721: 9712: 9704: 9699: 9687:. Retrieved 9683:the original 9673: 9662:, retrieved 9652: 9645: 9633: 9621:. Retrieved 9606: 9594: 9586: 9581: 9573: 9568: 9556: 9544: 9532: 9524:the original 9519: 9510: 9498: 9476: 9473: 9468: 9456: 9434:Parillo 1993 9429: 9417: 9405: 9393: 9381: 9373: 9368: 9359: 9335: 9323: 9311: 9304:Schoppa 2011 9299: 9287: 9275: 9263: 9251: 9239:. Retrieved 9225: 9160: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9112: 9079: 9048: 9021: 8990:. Retrieved 8986:the original 8976: 8964:. Retrieved 8950: 8938:. Retrieved 8924: 8915: 8903:. Retrieved 8889: 8877: 8848: 8841:Peattie 2007 8836: 8824:. Retrieved 8809: 8797:. Retrieved 8788: 8778: 8766:. Retrieved 8757: 8747: 8740:Peattie 2007 8735: 8718:. Retrieved 8709: 8699: 8687:. Retrieved 8678: 8668: 8656:. Retrieved 8642: 8635:Peattie 2007 8630: 8618: 8606: 8594:. Retrieved 8585: 8576: 8564:. Retrieved 8555: 8546: 8534:. Retrieved 8525: 8516: 8508:the original 8498: 8486:. Retrieved 8475: 8466: 8459:Parillo 1993 8454: 8442: 8415: 8388: 8376: 8364: 8352: 8344: 8339: 8331: 8327: 8317:– via 8311:. Retrieved 8306: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8259: 8247: 8235: 8223: 8211: 8202: 8196: 8184: 8172: 8165:Harmsen 2015 8160: 8153:Harmsen 2013 8148: 8136:. Retrieved 8132:the original 8122: 8115:Sandler 2001 8110: 8103:Sandler 2001 8098: 8089: 8065:. Retrieved 8055: 8043:. Retrieved 8038: 8029: 8017:. Retrieved 8013:the original 8003: 7991: 7984:Takemae 2003 7979: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7938:, p. 1. 7936:MacLeod 1999 7931: 7919: 7911: 7898: 7893: 7881: 7865: 7853: 7841: 7829: 7821: 7813: 7801: 7774: 7765: 7760:, p. 1. 7708: 7696:. Retrieved 7692:the original 7682: 7655:. Retrieved 7646: 7629: 7624: 7612:. Retrieved 7608: 7599: 7587:. Retrieved 7577: 7532:. Retrieved 7518: 7509: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7444: 7423: 7380: 7358: 7353: 7346:Chinese Navy 7329: 7317: 7305: 7293: 7281: 7269: 7257: 7245:. Retrieved 7240: 7231: 7204: 7196: 7191: 7179: 7167: 7155: 7091: 7078: 7060: 7051: 6972:Soviet Union 6886: 6877: 6867: 6853: 6837:Erich Raeder 6830: 6817: 6804: 6791: 6782: 6773: 6764: 6755: 6746: 6729: 6717: 6631:Japan portal 6608: 6596: 6581: 6563: 6547: 6528: 6517: 6478: 6472: 6466: 6460: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6056: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5963: 5952:Commonwealth 5929: 5876: 5860: 5851: 5801: 5791: 5771: 5764: 5701: 5692: 5687: 5684: 5676: 5673:Soviet entry 5630: 5613:Atomic bombs 5588: 5579:Curtis LeMay 5569: 5546: 5507: 5499:North Borneo 5488: 5476:US 7th Fleet 5461: 5444:Borneo, 1945 5418: 5399: 5395:Shuri castle 5391: 5386: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5366: 5357: 5354: 5346: 5331: 5320: 5301: 5279: 5271: 5260: 5249: 5232: 5216: 5188: 5183: 5176: 5168:XXXIII Corps 5157: 5146: 5126:West African 5123: 5119: 5084:Final stages 5059: 5036: 5016: 4995: 4972: 4956: 4919: 4906: 4896: 4874: 4868: 4864:Takeo Kurita 4861: 4849: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4776: 4774: 4755: 4749: 4724: 4677: 4669: 4657: 4625:Mobile Fleet 4616: 4606: 4555: 4523: 4511: 4491: 4468: 4430: 4416: 4412: 4387: 4384: 4376: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4331: 4325: 4291: 4265: 4253: 4219: 4211:Bougainville 4164: 4141: 4133: 4101: 4085:William Slim 4054: 4042: 4029:Akyab island 4022: 4015: 3997:and General 3977: 3959:, spreading 3950: 3935: 3909: 3890: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3815: 3804: 3796:Eighth Fleet 3773: 3752:Kokoda Track 3749: 3729:Kokoda Track 3715: 3690: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3632:codebreakers 3629: 3625:Operation AL 3621: 3604: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3547:operational— 3545: 3541:MO Operation 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3481:codebreakers 3475: 3467:MO Operation 3466: 3461:MO Operation 3459: 3457: 3450: 3418: 3400: 3392: 3352: 3345: 3305: 3280: 3276:Port Moresby 3269: 3242: 3228: 3204: 3171: 3162: 3137:offensives. 3135: 3080: 3074: 3062: 3047: 3036: 3004: 2981: 2971: 2961: 2949: 2938: 2918: 2906: 2889: 2826: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2790: 2776:nationalists 2765: 2753: 2746: 2727: 2719:Wang Jingwei 2712: 2693: 2662: 2643:Vichy France 2624: 2609: 2605:invade Wuhan 2594: 2570:lent support 2543: 2484: 2473: 2450: 2415: 2371:its colonies 2368: 2329: 2318: 2312: 2298: 2259: 2164: 2148:Participants 2122: 2096:Nisshi Jihen 2083: 2058: 2056: 2045: 2041: 2038:World War II 2031: 1995: 1978:Europe first 1951: 1904: 1880:Indian Ocean 1872:World War II 1863: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1794: 1793: 1782:Indian Ocean 1743:Ecuador–Peru 1731: 1730: 1700:Middle East 1674:North Africa 1662: 1661: 1601:Asia-Pacific 1600: 1599: 1598: 1486: 1477:World War II 1432: 1411:Shōwa period 1409: 1408: 1385: 1384: 1379:Korea (1910) 1338:Meiji period 1336: 1279: 1278: 1253: 1233: 1199: 1146: 1141:Project Hula 1126:Fort Stevens 1055: 995: 988: 981: 869:Ocean Island 832: 822:Pearl Harbor 802: 753: 723: 705: 675: 506:Axis leaders 503: 455: 442:Participants 440: 439:See section 413: 407:Participants 405: 404:See section 352: 347:Belligerents 335:Soviet Union 288:retrocession 275: 249:Indian Ocean 165: 139: 69:World War II 54: 19305:Pacific War 19259:Shōwa Modan 19234:Hakkō ichiu 19171:Philippines 19058:after 1943) 19036:Territories 18994:Pacific War 18854:World War I 18730:Air Service 18670:Air Service 18543:Gozen Kaigi 18259:(Yoshihito) 18251:(Mutsuhito) 18197:Nationalism 18142:Agriculture 18086:Pacific War 17392:Bodenplatte 17278:Gothic Line 16504:West Africa 16051:Philippines 16030:Netherlands 15895:Czech lands 15833:Switzerland 15777:Afghanistan 15728:Philippines 15596:Puerto Rico 15512:Philippines 15498:New Zealand 15484:Netherlands 15437:Free France 15188:Prosecution 14989:Osoaviakhim 14859:West Africa 14843:East Africa 14490:Conferences 14127:Bull Halsey 13891:Alvin, Coox 13300:. Cassell. 12661:He, Yingqin 12642:Retribution 12289:. Archway. 11765:Tanaka 2003 11741:Selden 2007 11687:Dauria 2014 11619:Himeta 1995 11287:2 September 11236:24 February 11201:1 September 11163:Banham 2005 11151:Nesbit 2009 11103:Himeta 1995 11065:Rummel 1991 10983:China Daily 10868:. Wanpela. 10794:Toland 2003 10734:Gailey 2011 10601:Selden 2008 10586:Hanson 2004 10574:Skates 1994 10514:Wilson 1982 10495:Gailey 2011 10483:Yahara 1997 10467:Gailey 2011 10452:Gailey 2011 10305:Gailey 2011 10278:Gailey 2011 10228:Gailey 2011 10125:BBC History 10068:Klemen, L. 10037:Stille 2014 10025:Stille 2014 10008:Stille 2014 9985:Stille 2014 9881:Gailey 2011 9865:Gailey 2011 9822:Stille 2014 9801:Stille 2014 9574:Broken Seal 9491:Roscoe 1958 9461:Roscoe 1949 9316:Tanaka 1996 9241:15 December 9218:Stille 2014 9201:Stille 2014 9184:Stille 2014 9165:Stille 2014 9105:Stille 2014 9084:Stille 2014 9072:Stille 2014 9053:Stille 2014 9026:Jansen 2002 9014:Stille 2014 8623:Barber 2010 8408:Stille 2014 8369:Stille 2014 8288:Rummel 1991 8252:Jansen 2002 8240:Garver 1988 7996:Jansen 2002 7836:, Table 5A. 7834:Rummel 1991 7822:Japan Focus 7758:McLynn 2010 7377:Yuki Tanaka 7322:Jowett 2005 7028:New Zealand 6986:Netherlands 6958:Philippines 6841:Karl Dönitz 6669:Nanshin-ron 6221:Philippines 6036:Guadalcanal 5878:China Daily 5873:state media 5778:his Cabinet 5633:atomic bomb 5583:firebombing 5543:, June 1945 5505:on 1 July. 5405:China, 1945 5363:Seiichi Itō 5302:Bunker Hill 5039:Eighth Army 5032:Hiroo Onoda 4991:Clark Field 4922:Cape Engaño 4903:Sibuyan Sea 4558:Operation Z 4457:M3A3 Stuart 4365:Vladivostok 4306:Trincomalee 4130:, June 1943 4104:Phayap Army 3784:Guadalcanal 3762:Guadalcanal 3531:. Although 3363:New Britain 3294:launched a 3237:John Curtin 3211:John Curtin 3141:Philippines 2849:Wake Island 2647:Axis Powers 2574:in Shanghai 2387:Philippines 2308:Free France 2264:with Japan 2211:New Zealand 2005:possessions 1962:Axis powers 1923:Wake Island 1856:Pacific War 1765:Air Warfare 1679:East Africa 1266:Mutanchiang 1087:New Britain 803:Pacific War 735:39 cruisers 532:Hideki Tojo 311:Cession of 270:Territorial 166:Bunker Hill 145:US marines 62:Pacific War 19299:Categories 19023:Occupation 18846:Taishō era 18791:Boshin War 18635:War crimes 18431:Government 18407:Tonarigumi 18314:Privy Seal 18309:State Seal 18267:(Hirohito) 18192:Militarism 18147:Censorship 17492:West Hunan 17325:Pointblank 16661:Silver Fox 16647:Summer War 16400:Winter War 16379:Phoney War 16160:Azerbaijan 16121:Yugoslavia 16016:Luxembourg 15858:Resistance 15605:Yugoslavia 15470:Luxembourg 15272:Sook Ching 15068:War crimes 14670:Technology 14663:Opposition 14605:Lend-Lease 14582:Australian 14575:Home front 14533:Blitzkrieg 14483:Casualties 14474:Commanders 14446:Operations 13120:. Morrow. 12724:1171226366 12094:. Armonk: 11753:Dower 1993 11729:Rauch 2002 11604:1 December 11574:31 October 11484:Gruhl 2007 11088:8 November 11011:2 December 10989:2 December 10929:Dower 1986 10876:31 October 10818:Asada 1998 10767:1 December 10719:Frank 2007 10137:Allen 1984 10084:22 October 9916:23 October 9738:Allen 1984 9689:6 December 9638:Blair 1975 9623:31 October 9599:Blair 1975 9503:Blair 1975 9449:Blair 1975 9398:Allen 1984 9386:Allen 1984 9372:Agar, Jon 8658:31 October 8177:Olsen 2012 8138:31 October 8019:31 October 7886:Gruhl 2007 7728:Gruhl 2007 7698:31 October 7675:Dower 1993 7614:1 December 7589:31 October 7565:|url= 7502:Gruhl 2007 7460:. For the 7409:Dower 1986 7310:Meyer 1997 7243:. HyperWar 7111:References 6988:9,400 dead 6486:War crimes 6440:2,121,000 6389:New Guinea 5826:Casualties 5503:Balikpapan 5422:He Yingqin 5338:Tenth Army 5195:Tenasserim 5088:See also: 5045:, between 4899:Brunei Bay 4400:US Customs 3882:Enterprise 3854:Enterprise 3782:landed on 3780:US Marines 3725:battalions 3696:Kido Butai 3574:Enterprise 3359:New Guinea 3281:President 3182:Corregidor 3151:Corregidor 3123:Burma Road 3111:Sun Li-jen 3101:defending 2967:battleship 2560:suspended 2268:and again 2255:Hukbalahap 2253:, and the 1898:, and the 1866:, was the 1806:Yugoslavia 1787:Madagascar 1750:Antarctica 1721:Dodecanese 1541:Resistance 1509:Winter War 1499:Phoney War 1211:Sagami Bay 1200:Starvation 1082:New Guinea 759:1,000,000+ 687:2 cruisers 655:and other 556:14,000,000 229:South Asia 19224:Sonnō jōi 19176:Singapore 19161:Hong Kong 19123:Azad Hind 19098:Mengjiang 19093:Manchukuo 19067:Kantō-shū 19009:Surrender 18916:Shōwa era 18901:Truku War 18772:Meiji era 18740:Tokkeitai 18705:Kempeitai 18616:Senjinkun 18533:Daijō-kan 18496:Munitions 18377:Mokusatsu 18167:Education 17735:Manchukuo 17557:Manchuria 17443:Indochina 17219:Bagration 16670:Lithuania 16315:Anschluss 16112:Viet Minh 16009:Lithuania 15951:Hong Kong 15721:Manchukuo 15676:Azad Hind 15335:Australia 15135:Aftermath 14998:Paperclip 14893:Aftermath 14693:Total war 14561:Diplomacy 14524:In Europe 14306:. (2005). 13841:161822140 13640:. Wiley. 13373:161326427 13148:Pig Boats 12983:144491081 12003:cite book 11809:. Diane. 11547:Hara 2011 11496:Marr 1995 11409:Coox 1973 11330:and 1939 11251:Long 1963 10656:15 August 10562:Grey 1999 10161:Slim 1956 9750:Slim 1956 9589:, p. 323. 9549:Boyd 1979 9410:Slim 1956 9376:, p. 281. 9292:Ch'i 1992 8596:3 October 8566:3 October 8276:Lind 2010 8216:Drea 2005 8067:25 August 8063:. 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