490:
479:
468:
211:
336:
1489:
513:
502:
424:
134:
1538:
into action in the afternoon and forced the
Senussi to retreat. The British returned to Matruh until 25 December and then made a night advance to surprise the Senussi. At the Affair of Wadi Majid, the Senussi were defeated but were able to withdraw to the west. Air reconnaissance found more Senussi encampments in the vicinity of Matruh at Halazin, which was attacked on 23 January, in the Affair of Halazin. The Senussi fell back skilfully and then attempted to envelop the British flanks. The British were pushed back on the flanks as the centre advanced and defeated the main body of Senussi, who were again able to withdraw.
323:
297:
282:
262:
1403:
228:
163:
243:
192:
1582:
for the armoured cars. The light cars managed to descend the escarpment and captured a convoy on 4 February. Next day the
Senussi from Girba were intercepted but managed to establish a post which the cars were unable to reach and then warned off the rest of the Senussi. The British force returned to Matruh on 8 February and Sayyid Ahmed withdrew to Jaghbub. Negotiations between Sayed Idris and the Anglo–-Italians which had begun in late January were galvanised by news of the Senussi defeat at Siwa. In the
457:
446:
435:
415:
404:
118:
99:
149:
177:
546:
535:
524:
355:
568:
366:
1253:
troops were sent to France in 1914 and replaced by
Territorial troops in Morocco but on the frontier of Algeria and Libya, Senussi operations against the Italian army led the French to allow the garrisons of Ghadames and Ghat to retreat into Algeria and then be rearmed to re-capture Ghadames in January 1915, as part of the French policy of drawing Italy into the war.
1208:; Muslims, Irish, Jews, Poles, the peoples of the Baltic littoral, Ukrainians, Georgians and eventually the Bolsheviks, had considerable appeal. The founding of a great German empire was not contemplated, but military weakness in Europe led to an attempt to turn colonial inferiority into an advantage. On 20 August 1914,
39:
1581:
and three Light Car
Patrols was dispatched to Siwa. On 3 February, the armoured cars surprised and engaged the Senussi at Girba, who retreated overnight. Siwa was entered on 4 February, unopposed but a British ambush party at the Munassib Pass was foiled, when the escarpment was found to be too steep
1314:
Attempts were made by
Germany and the Ottomans to influence conditions in the French colonies, by intriguing with potentates who had been ousted by the French. Spanish authorities in the region informally tolerated the distribution of propaganda and money but a German plot to smuggle 5,000 rifles and
1252:
and negate the intriguing of the
Central Powers. French prestige after the Moroccan Crises reduced the likelihood of attempts to overthrow the colonial regime and German prisoners of war, were used as forced labour in Morocco and Algeria, to display French military prowess. Most of the French regular
1247:
European colonial powers had apprehensions about the possibility of jihad before 1914; Clemenceau had predicted it in 1912, if war broke out between the Great Powers. In August 1914, Charles Lutaud, the
Governor of Algeria expected a rebellion and on 5 November, tried to forestall the Ottoman call to
1537:
On 11 December, a
British column sent to Duwwar Hussein, was attacked along the Matruh–Sollum track and in the Affair of Wadi Senba, drove the Senussi out of the wadi. The reconnaissance continued and on 13 December at Wadi Hasheifiat, the British were attacked again and held up until artillery came
1522:
with its deck gun. On 14 November the
Senussi attacked an Egyptian position at Sollum and on the night of 17 November a party of Senussi fired into Sollum, as another party cut the coast telegraph line. Next night a monastery at Sidi Barrani, 48 mi (77 km) beyond Sollum was occupied by 300
1261:
Before 1906, when the
Senussi became involved in resistance against the French, they had been a "relatively peaceful religious sect of the Sahara Desert, opposed to fanaticism". When the Italians invaded Libya in 1911, occupying the coast, the Senussi resisted the Italians from the interior of the
1172:
took place against the Sultan of Darfur, who was believed to have prepared an invasion of Egypt, to be synchronised with Senussi operations on the western frontier. Operations by the British were conducted by small numbers of men equipped with motor vehicles, aircraft and wireless, which multiplied
1654:
men; Anglo-Egyptian outposts were pushed out from El Fasher, to the west and south-west after the August rains. A skirmish took place at Dibbis on 13 October and Dinar opened negotiations but was again suspected of bad faith. Dinar fled south-west to Gyuba and a small force was sent in pursuit. At
1216:
Moltke expected diplomats to create pro-independence armies, as the Foreign Office pursued a pan-Islamic strategy, using the Ottoman Empire and its army as the means. The Ottomans entered the war to escape from European domination, rather than as a German proxy and had imperial ambitions in North
1631:
men at Rahad, a railhead 200 mi (320 km) east of the Darfur frontier. On 16 March, the force crossed the frontier in lorries from a forward base established at Nahud, 90 mi (140 km) from the border, with the support of four aircraft. By May, the force was close to the Darfur
1479:
attacked a frontier post and were repulsed. In February 1916, Sayed Ahmed accompanied the Senussi against the band of oases. Several oases were captured and then lost in October 1916 to British forces; the Senussi retired from Egypt in February 1917. In November Senussi forces occupied Jaafar.
1564:
aircraft. The oasis at Farafra was occupied at the same time and then the Senussi moved on to the oasis at Dakhla on 27 February. The British responded by forming the Southern Force at Beni Suef. Egyptian officials at Kharga were withdrawn and the oasis was occupied by the Senussi, until they
1647:, prevented a Darfurian withdrawal westwards. Dinar withdrew into the Marra Mountains 50 mi (80 km) south of El Fasher and sent envoys to discuss terms but the British believed he was prevaricating and ended the talks on 1 August. Internal dissension reduced the force with Dinar to
1212:
wrote to the Foreign Office, demanding Islamic revolutions in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. The means to bring about change in the non-European world were limited, with little expertise, few men and little equipment to spare from Europe and exiguous overland routes to the outside world.
1569:
patrolling on camels and in light Ford cars, cut off the Senussi from the Nile Valley. Preparations to attack the oasis at Bahariya were detected by the Senussi garrison, which withdrew to Siwa in early October. The Southern Force attacked the Senussi in the Affairs in the Dakhla Oasis
1529:
and on the night of 19 November, a coastguard was killed. An Egyptian post was attacked 30 mi (48 km) east of Sollum on 20 November. The British withdrew from Sollum to Mersa Matruh, 120 mi (190 km) further east, which had better facilities for a base and the
1432:; western Egypt was garrisoned by the Egyptian coastguard. The Ottomans and Germans delivered modern weaponry by submarine to the Senussi. German and Turkish officers were also transported by submarine and landed on 19 May 1915 to the west of Sollum and set up headquarters at
2088:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents By Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (facs. repr. Battery Press Nashville, TN and Imperial War Museum Department of Printed Books ed.). London:
1143:
Further west, the inhabitants of areas recently conquered or seized by European powers from the Ottoman Empire, exploited the unsettled conditions caused by the war in Europe to regain control of their lands. Uprisings such as the
1551:
men but prevented the Senussi from slipping away. Jaafar Pasha the commander of the Senussi forces on the coast was captured and Sollum was re-occupied by British forces on 14 March 1916, which concluded the coastal campaign.
1541:
In February 1916, the Western Frontier Force was reinforced and a British column was sent west along the coast to re-capture Sollum. Air reconnaissance discovered a Senussi encampment at Agagia, which was attacked in the
1546:
on 26 February. The Senussi were defeated and then intercepted by the Dorset Yeomanry who charged across open ground swept by machine-gun and rifle fire as the Senussi withdrew. The British lost half their horses and
1424:. The Senussi planned to attack the British in Egypt from the west, during the Ottoman offensive through Palestine against the Suez Canal. By late 1915, many of the British forces in Egypt had been sent to
2293:. Vol. The Official Names of the Battles and Other Engagements Fought by the Military Forces of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914–1919 and the Third Afghan War, 1919. London: HMSO. 1921.
1123:
from the east. The Senussi crossed the Libyan–Egyptian border at the coast in November 1915. British imperial forces withdrew at first and then defeated the Senussi in several engagements, including the
4579:
1379:
the French governor reorganised his forces and pursued a forward policy rather than passive defence. The French regained most of the lost territory, despite intelligence and financial support from the
1290:(southwest Libya) and southern Tripolitania prevented Italian consolidation their hold on these regions. The Ottoman government never ceased to provide assistance to the local tribesmen in the region.
611:
1565:
withdrew without being attacked. The British reoccupied the oasis on 15 April and began to extend the light railway, which terminated at Kharga to the Moghara Oasis. The mainly Australian
1605:
On 1 March 1916 hostilities began between the Sudanese government and the Sultan of Darfur. The Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition was conducted, to forestall an imagined invasion of
3927:
3942:
1659:
and Dinar's remaining followers scattered and the body of the Sultan was found 1 mi (1.6 km) from the camp. After the expedition, Darfur was incorporated into Sudan.
4126:
702:
604:
1221:
devised a war plan which included a jihad and an invasion of Egypt. On 14 November 1914, Sheikh-ul-Islam declared holy war, called on all Muslims to fight the Entente and
1028:
712:
672:
677:
4024:
1262:
country. During their resistance against the Italians, the Senussi maintained generally friendly relations with the British in Egypt. The region had been annexed by
692:
3661:
3485:
2825:
1038:
597:
4103:
4131:
640:
4584:
4319:
4046:
3738:
2696:
1475:
100 mi (160 km) west of the Nile. The Senussi crossed the Egyptian–Libyan border on 21 November 1915 to begin the coastal campaign. At the border,
1023:
4426:
1633:
4334:
4089:
682:
4329:
4019:
3970:
3885:
4173:
1656:
762:
1229:. The Sheikh urged the peoples of the European colonial empires to join in, a message which reached North, East and West Africa. Enver ordered the
4014:
3372:
379:
4574:
4569:
707:
2803:
2865:
1248:
arms, by presenting the Ottomans as German puppets. The French were assisted by Royal Navy code breaking, to anticipate landings from German
1033:
1443:
and other irregular troops, equipped with Turkish artillery and machine-guns, for campaigns along the coast. An offensive led to attacks on
1333:
between 1914 and 1921. Morocco had become a French protectorate in 1912 and the French army extended French influence eastwards through the
4074:
4004:
3643:
2855:
2766:
1282:
local Sanusi people continued with their resistance against the Italians. Fighting was conducted by Sanusi militia under the leadership of
1013:
4098:
2989:
2443:
1700:
1452:
123:
2666:
1560:
On 11 February 1916 the Senussi and Sayyid Ahmed ash-Sharif occupied the oasis at Bahariya, which was then subject to bombing raids by
984:
2996:
2648:
967:
4324:
4256:
4094:
4081:
4038:
3947:
3673:
3475:
3382:
3284:
3042:
2689:
2270:]. Ufficio Storico. Translated by Tittoni, R. (Frank Hudson, Kansas City, MO ed.). Rome: Corpo di stato maggiore. 1914.
1018:
4554:
4549:
4448:
4438:
4306:
2291:
Report of the Battles Nomenclature Committee as Approved by The Army Council Presented to Parliament by Command of His Majesty
1274:
in 1912 and control had not been consolidated by the Italians when the war began in Europe. After the loss of the province of
4559:
4220:
4154:
3991:
3870:
3543:
2562:
2418:
2192:
2116:
2097:
2054:
865:
848:
755:
667:
4395:
3815:
2600:
1696:
895:
439:
4166:
3490:
3118:
2623:
2047:
The National Army Museum Book of The Turkish Front 1914–1918: The Campaigns at Gallipoli, in Mesopotamia and in Palestine
936:
4380:
4365:
3655:
3057:
2815:
1321:
maintained several agents in North Africa but had only two in Morocco. The Zaian War was fought between France and the
1137:
989:
4240:
3934:
3750:
3022:
2493:
2143:
2211:
3420:
2458:
1600:
1412:
Britain declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 5 November 1914 and in the summer of 1915, Turkish envoys, including
1169:
748:
724:
4491:
4296:
4276:
4063:
3999:
3822:
3691:
2595:
2515:
2453:
890:
785:
3156:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4271:
3965:
2610:
2585:
2483:
1636:
on 22 May, the Fur Army was defeated and the Anglo-Egyptian force captured the capital the next day. Dinar and
907:
860:
248:
233:
4564:
4266:
4261:
4225:
4159:
4051:
3897:
3480:
3332:
2870:
2798:
2729:
2498:
2468:
2463:
1235:(Special Organisation) to conduct propaganda, subversion, terrorism and sabotage, based on the precedent of
4215:
3842:
3782:
3679:
3584:
3347:
3133:
2837:
2676:
2575:
1197:
1133:
1097:
1001:
994:
880:
461:
494:
4453:
3890:
3875:
3733:
3685:
3450:
3001:
2875:
2788:
2783:
2552:
2540:
2535:
2348:
Banks, I. (2007). "Ghosts in the Desert: The Archaeological Investigation of a Sub-Saharan Battlefield".
814:
797:
792:
3062:
2314:
1383:
to the Zaian Confederation and raids which caused losses to the French, when already short of manpower.
1173:
their effectiveness; the speed of their manoeuvres frequently enabled them to surprise their opponents.
1119:
from the west, raise jihad and encourage an insurrection in support of an Ottoman offensive against the
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4433:
4390:
3667:
3425:
3410:
3312:
3181:
2749:
2661:
2618:
979:
914:
4375:
4143:
3727:
3715:
3470:
3455:
3176:
3067:
2761:
2739:
2488:
2478:
2411:
1236:
1205:
3322:
1616:, which was believed to have been synchronised with a Senussi advance into Egypt from the west. The
1488:
4350:
3837:
3827:
3756:
3709:
3697:
3637:
3445:
3440:
3362:
2771:
2744:
2448:
2109:
The Sanusi's Little War: The Amazing Story of a Forgotten Conflict in the Western Desert, 1915–1917
1578:
1225:, but not Italy (which was neutral at the time), and excluded Muslims under the rule of Germany or
4421:
4413:
4355:
4115:
3810:
3573:
3400:
3395:
3327:
3186:
3171:
3166:
3146:
3027:
2904:
1421:
1186:
In 1914, the Central Powers began a peripheral strategy, which had antecedents in the concept of
1112:
580:
528:
182:
3367:
4614:
4609:
4188:
3912:
3847:
3703:
3430:
3357:
3307:
3292:
3274:
3247:
3161:
3128:
2793:
2754:
2734:
2545:
2438:
1692:
1531:
1420:, a Baghdadi Arab serving in the Turkish army, negotiated an agreement with the Grand Senussi,
1367:
in Morocco but two-thirds were withdrawn from 1914 to 1915 for service in France and more than
1342:
1201:
1129:
802:
662:
562:
4178:
3832:
3721:
3497:
3460:
3390:
3337:
3259:
3227:
3201:
3151:
3082:
2984:
2937:
2721:
2590:
2473:
2381:
2064:
1271:
1222:
1069:
875:
657:
216:
139:
2086:
Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917
1363:
formations of regular and irregular infantry, cavalry and artillery. By 1914 the French had
4528:
4443:
3123:
3097:
3047:
2404:
1606:
1566:
1193:
472:
287:
3072:
1402:
8:
4510:
3649:
3513:
3465:
3342:
3302:
3297:
3242:
2925:
2919:
2820:
1505:
1322:
1165:
953:
545:
506:
483:
375:
371:
4463:
589:
4470:
4385:
3744:
3608:
3590:
3555:
3519:
3352:
3317:
3269:
3254:
3141:
3092:
2931:
2890:
2570:
2377:
Le Operazione Militari in Libia e Nel Sahara 1914–1918 di Alberto Rosselli (in Italian)
1704:
1684:
1583:
1372:
1231:
1209:
1161:
1116:
870:
645:
197:
2376:
4503:
4497:
4458:
4360:
4193:
3776:
3631:
3614:
3415:
3237:
3217:
3052:
3037:
2967:
2955:
2656:
2633:
2580:
2357:
2322:
2294:
2271:
2247:
2216:
2188:
2164:
2158:
2131:
2112:
2093:
2072:
2050:
2033:
1676:
1499:
1267:
1101:
974:
926:
855:
807:
697:
387:
302:
2260:
2246:(2nd ed.). Chatham: W. & J. Mackay for The Institution of Royal Engineers.
1353:
but managed to inflict many casualties on the French, who responded by establishing
3561:
3531:
3525:
3435:
3264:
3232:
3222:
2961:
2885:
2880:
2808:
2628:
2528:
1644:
1543:
1397:
1263:
1125:
1105:
1089:
958:
946:
931:
919:
900:
829:
824:
687:
652:
554:
450:
267:
567:
4370:
4210:
3549:
3102:
3077:
2776:
2684:
2523:
1283:
1226:
1008:
834:
819:
539:
346:
30:
2160:
History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: Principal Events 1914–1918
1577:
In January 1917, a British column including the Light Armoured Car Brigade with
1204:. The possibility of encouraging revolutionary warfare among the peoples of the
4203:
4183:
3854:
3567:
3405:
3196:
3087:
2943:
2847:
2830:
1586:, Idris accepted the British terms on 12 April and those of Italy on 14 April.
1380:
1376:
1338:
1330:
1157:
1149:
1128:. The British recaptured the territory along the coast by March 1916, with the
1085:
1077:
1065:
1061:
719:
408:
340:
335:
313:
104:
84:
4543:
4314:
3602:
3596:
3032:
2949:
2860:
2361:
2251:
2220:
2076:
1621:
1413:
1360:
1326:
1153:
1081:
841:
729:
517:
359:
328:
2298:
2168:
2135:
2037:
1675:
The Western Frontier Force (Major-General A. Wallace) was composed of three
3764:
3191:
2326:
2275:
1691:, three new cavalry regiments formed from the rear details of Yeomanry and
1468:
1448:
1417:
1334:
1052:
576:
572:
56:
2386:
740:
3975:
3880:
3578:
3006:
2427:
1680:
1429:
1275:
1218:
1188:
1056:
885:
773:
428:
154:
38:
1892:
1350:
1688:
1456:
1433:
1120:
383:
2209:
Fuglestad, F. (1973). "Les révoltes des Touaregs du Niger 1916–1917".
2187:. Vol. I (pbk. repr. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1840:
1111:
In the summer of 1915, the Ottoman Empire persuaded the Grand Senussi
3770:
3537:
2030:
The Great Ride: The Diary of a Light Horse Brigade Scout, World War I
1655:
dawn on 6 November, a combined Anglo-Egyptian forced attacked in the
1613:
1425:
1309:
1145:
635:
550:
168:
4030:
2215:(49). Paris, Mouton: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales.
1744:
1460:
1108:
took place in North Africa from 23 November 1915 to February 1917.
4580:
Military campaigns and theatres of World War I involving Australia
1512:
1464:
1096:
and sought to create a diversion to draw British troops from the
1073:
2244:
An Outline of the Egyptian and Palestine Campaigns, 1914 to 1918
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1856:
1617:
1610:
1511:
in the Bay of Sollum. The U-boat surfaced, sank the coastguard
1472:
1444:
1287:
1249:
2396:
1768:
4198:
1804:
1093:
1964:
1952:
1880:
1640:
had left and as they moved south, were bombed from the air.
2089:
2000:
1976:
1346:
43:
Anglo-Indian troops of the Hyderabad Lancers in Egypt, 1916
1828:
1780:
1732:
1720:
1168:, some of which lasted longer than the war. In Sudan, the
1574:
after which the Senussi retreated to their base at Siwa.
1561:
1217:
Africa, Central Asia and the Near East. In October 1914,
619:
2390:
1988:
1092:. On 14 November 1914, the Ottoman Sultan proclaimed a
1792:
1756:
1868:
1816:
2259:
2321:. Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs. pp. 42–62.
1643:French troops in Chad, who had returned from the
4541:
1315:500,000 bullets through Spain was thwarted. The
239:
224:
114:
3373:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
2241:
2063:
1810:
1181:
1100:. Italy wished to preserve its gains from the
278:
130:
2412:
2156:
1958:
1886:
1316:
756:
605:
173:
4585:Military history of Italy during World War I
2083:
2006:
1982:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1862:
1834:
1774:
1524:
1354:
3863:
2157:Skinner, H. T.; Stacke, H. Fitz M. (1922).
1701:1/1st Nottinghamshire Royal Horse Artillery
1695:units who fought at Gallipoli as infantry,
1459:and from Siwa through the band of oases of
1407:Senussi going to fight the British in Egypt
770:
293:
2419:
2405:
763:
749:
612:
598:
2208:
2071:(2nd repr. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon.
319:
3662:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
2182:
2147:
2125:
1994:
1970:
1798:
1786:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1487:
1401:
1200:, and in the writings of advocates of a
207:
4039:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2106:
2027:
1874:
1846:
1303:
1256:
258:
188:
145:
4542:
2312:
2142:
2044:
1850:
1822:
1293:
16:Series of conflicts during World War I
4575:Campaigns and theatres of World War I
4570:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
3992:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
3328:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
2400:
2347:
1483:
1237:the war in Libya against the Italians
744:
623:North African operations, World War I
593:
4396:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1594:
24:North African theatre of World War I
4325:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
3119:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2130:(4th ed.). London: Constable.
2128:A Short History of the British Army
1609:and Egypt, by the Darfurian leader
1498:On 6 November the German submarine
1391:
13:
3058:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2242:Bowman-Manifold, M. G. E. (1923).
2229:
1242:
1138:1st South African Infantry Brigade
14:
4626:
2370:
3421:Second Battle of the Piave River
3043:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1703:and two aircraft of 17 Squadron
1601:Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
1555:
1170:Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
566:
544:
533:
522:
511:
500:
488:
477:
466:
455:
444:
433:
422:
413:
402:
364:
353:
334:
321:
295:
280:
260:
241:
226:
209:
190:
175:
161:
147:
132:
116:
97:
37:
4492:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3692:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2426:
2350:Journal of Conflict Archaeology
2285:– via Archive Foundation.
2268:The Italo-Turkish war 1911–1912
2178:– via Archive Foundation.
2084:Macmunn, G; Falls, C. (1996) .
1669:
4315:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4174:Deportations from East Prussia
3971:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
2146:"The Palestine Campaigns". In
2126:Sheppard, E. W., ed. (1968) .
2111:. London: Arabian Publishing.
1386:
1:
4555:British Empire in World War I
4550:Ottoman Empire in World War I
4226:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2391:Turkey in the First World War
2319:The War Effort of New Zealand
2015:
1648:
1632:capital of El Fasher. At the
1625:
1504:torpedoed and sank a steamer
1416:, brother of Enver Pasha and
1176:
4560:German Empire in World War I
4381:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3680:Estonian War of Independence
3348:Southern Palestine offensive
2185:The First World War: To Arms
1901:, pp. 110–113, 113–118.
1753:, pp. 757–758, 760–761.
1714:
1371:soldiers were killed at the
1198:Anglo-German naval arms race
1134:Egyptian Expeditionary Force
1098:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
7:
4335:USA against Austria-Hungary
3734:Turkish War of Independence
3686:Latvian War of Independence
3411:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
3002:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
2382:La disfatta di Gasr Bu Hàdi
2317:. In Drew, H. T. B. (ed.).
2212:Cahiers d'études africaines
1679:infantry battalions (1/6th
1182:German and Ottoman strategy
1115:to attack British-occupied
10:
4631:
4418:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3966:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3426:Second Battle of the Marne
3313:Second battle of the Aisne
3182:Second Battle of Champagne
3023:German invasion of Belgium
1699:(RNAS) armoured cars, the
1598:
1395:
1345:quickly lost the towns of
1307:
1298:
4524:
4483:
4404:
4343:
4305:
4249:
4238:
4199:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
4142:
4114:
4062:
3984:
3958:
3910:
3803:
3796:
3728:Irish War of Independence
3624:
3506:
3471:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3456:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3381:
3283:
3210:
3111:
3068:First Battle of the Marne
3015:
2977:
2912:
2903:
2846:
2720:
2709:
2675:
2647:
2609:
2561:
2514:
2507:
2434:
2049:. London: Pan Macmillan.
1959:Skinner & Stacke 1922
1887:Skinner & Stacke 1922
1579:Rolls-Royce Armoured Cars
1493:Western Desert, 1914–1918
1206:European colonial empires
781:
631:
495:Joseph-François Poeymirau
395:
76:
47:
36:
28:
23:
4351:Constantinople Agreement
3644:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3507:Co-belligerent conflicts
3476:Second Romanian campaign
3446:Third Transjordan attack
3157:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
3063:Battle of Grand Couronné
2032:. Perth: Artlook Books.
2007:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1983:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1947:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1935:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1923:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1911:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1899:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1863:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1835:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1775:Macmunn & Falls 1996
1662:
1589:
1196:in the 1900s during the
1076:of Libya sided with the
1060:(1914–1918) between the
1050:Conflicts took place in
1039:Indian and Pacific Ocean
4414:Modus vivendi of Acroma
4366:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3674:Greater Poland Uprising
3574:National Protection War
3451:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3401:German spring offensive
3396:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3172:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
3147:Second Battle of Artois
3028:Battle of the Frontiers
2069:The Sanusi of Cyrenaica
2028:Bostock, H. P. (1982).
1697:Royal Naval Air Service
1624:, organised a force of
1422:Sayyid Ahmed ash-Sharif
1278:to Italy in the war of
4439:Paris Peace Conference
4427:Ukraine–Central Powers
4221:Massacres of Albanians
4189:Late Ottoman genocides
3996:Bulgarian occupations
3704:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3668:Hungarian–Romanian War
3486:Naval Victory Bulletin
3481:Armistice with Germany
3431:Hundred Days Offensive
3358:Battle of La Malmaison
3308:Second battle of Arras
3275:Battle of Transylvania
3129:Second Battle of Ypres
2997:Sarajevo assassination
2886:South African Republic
2315:"The Senussi Campaign"
2313:Austin, W. S. (1923).
2183:Strachan, H. (2003) .
2065:Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
1693:Australian Light Horse
1532:Western Frontier Force
1525:
1495:
1409:
1355:
1343:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
1317:
1202:German colonial empire
1192:, the thinking of the
1130:Western Frontier Force
563:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
396:Commanders and leaders
4449:Treaty of St. Germain
4422:Russia–Central Powers
4376:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4204:Pontic Greek genocide
4179:Destruction of Kalisz
4155:Eastern Mediterranean
3716:Polish–Lithuanian War
3498:Armistice of Belgrade
3461:Armistice of Salonica
3391:Operation Faustschlag
3338:Third Battle of Oituz
3260:Baranovichi offensive
3228:Lake Naroch offensive
3202:Battle of Robat Karim
3177:Vistula–Bug offensive
3152:Battles of the Isonzo
3083:First Battle of Ypres
1491:
1405:
1375:on 13 November 1914.
1341:. The Zaians, led by
1286:, whose followers in
1136:, which included the
881:Sinai & Palestine
391:Other Moroccan tribes
4565:Egypt in World War I
4444:Treaty of Versailles
4160:Mount Lebanon famine
4075:in the United States
4043:Russian occupations
3757:Turkish–Armenian War
3698:Polish–Ukrainian War
3638:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3585:Central Asian Revolt
3368:Armistice of Focșani
3098:Battle of Sarikamish
3048:Battle of Tannenberg
2444:Military engagements
2107:McGuirk, R. (2007).
1973:, pp. 749, 747.
1811:Evans-Pritchard 1954
1567:Imperial Camel Corps
1304:Zaian War, 1914–1921
1257:North Africa in 1914
1194:Imperial German Navy
473:Louis-Hubert Lyautey
4511:They shall not pass
4434:Treaty of Bucharest
4391:Treaty of Bucharest
4330:USA against Germany
4307:Declarations of war
4011:German occupations
3924:British casualties
3783:Soviet–Georgian War
3710:Egyptian Revolution
3650:Armeno-Georgian War
3514:Somaliland campaign
3466:Armistice of Mudros
3343:Battle of Caporetto
3333:Battle of Mărășești
3303:Zimmermann telegram
3298:February Revolution
3243:Battle of the Somme
3167:Bug-Narew Offensive
3142:Battle of Gallipoli
3134:Sinking of the RMS
2926:Scramble for Africa
2920:Franco-Prussian War
2576:Sinai and Palestine
2045:Carver, M. (2003).
1949:, pp. 140–144.
1937:, pp. 135–140.
1925:, pp. 123–129.
1913:, pp. 119–123.
1865:, pp. 106–107.
1789:, pp. 756–757.
1777:, pp. 409–411.
1741:, pp. 696–705.
1729:, pp. 694–696.
1620:(commander) of the
1439:The Senussi raised
1323:Zaian confederation
1294:Military operations
1166:French colonialists
1160:and other parts of
990:North-West Frontier
529:Sayyid Ahmed Sharif
484:Paul Prosper Henrys
376:Zaian Confederation
372:Sultanate of Darfur
4471:Treaty of Lausanne
4386:Paris Economy Pact
4320:UK against Germany
4250:Entry into the war
4216:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3935:Ottoman casualties
3745:Franco-Turkish War
3625:Post-War conflicts
3609:Russian Revolution
3591:Invasion of Darfur
3556:Kelantan rebellion
3544:Kurdish rebellions
3520:Mexican Revolution
3353:October Revolution
3318:Kerensky offensive
3293:Capture of Baghdad
3270:Monastir offensive
3255:Brusilov offensive
3093:Battle of Kolubara
2932:Russo-Japanese War
1705:Royal Flying Corps
1685:Middlesex Regiment
1683:, 2/7th and 2/8th
1634:Affair of Beringia
1584:Accords of Akramah
1518:and badly damaged
1496:
1484:Coastal operations
1410:
1373:Battle of El Herri
1337:mountains towards
1318:Teskilat-i Mahsusa
1266:in 1911 after the
1232:Teskilat-i Mahsusa
886:Hejaz & Levant
419:Alexander Wallace
4605:Conflicts in 1918
4600:Conflicts in 1917
4595:Conflicts in 1916
4590:Conflicts in 1915
4537:
4536:
4520:
4519:
4504:The Golden Virgin
4498:Mutilated victory
4479:
4478:
4459:Treaty of Trianon
4454:Treaty of Neuilly
4361:Damascus Protocol
4234:
4233:
4194:Armenian genocide
4151:Allied blockades
4123:Belgian refugees
3906:
3905:
3816:Strategic bombing
3792:
3791:
3777:Franco-Syrian War
3751:Greco-Turkish War
3739:Anglo-Turkish War
3722:Polish–Soviet War
3656:German Revolution
3632:Russian Civil War
3615:Finnish Civil War
3441:Battle of Megiddo
3416:Battle of Goychay
3363:Battle of Cambrai
3323:Battle of Mărăști
3238:Battle of Jutland
3218:Erzurum offensive
3073:Siege of Przemyśl
3053:Siege of Tsingtao
3038:Battle of Galicia
2968:Second Balkan War
2956:Italo-Turkish War
2913:Pre-War conflicts
2899:
2898:
2789:Portuguese Empire
2705:
2704:
2667:German New Guinea
2649:Asian and Pacific
2262:Campagna di Libia
2194:978-0-19-926191-8
2118:978-0-9544772-7-1
2099:978-0-89839-241-8
2056:978-0-283-07347-2
1853:, pp. 37–38.
1849:, pp. 5, 8;
1595:Darfur Expedition
1268:Italo-Turkish War
1102:Italo-Turkish War
1047:
1046:
915:South West Africa
738:
737:
588:
587:
384:Zawiya Darqawiyya
72:
71:
4622:
4464:Treaty of Sèvres
4356:Treaty of London
4247:
4246:
4025:Northeast France
3956:
3955:
3928:Parliamentarians
3861:
3860:
3823:Chemical weapons
3801:
3800:
3562:Senussi campaign
3532:Muscat rebellion
3526:Maritz rebellion
3494:
3436:Vardar offensive
3265:Battle of Romani
3233:Battle of Asiago
3223:Battle of Verdun
3187:Kosovo offensive
2962:First Balkan War
2910:
2909:
2809:Russian Republic
2718:
2717:
2512:
2511:
2454:Economic history
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2365:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2302:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2265:
2255:
2224:
2198:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2163:. London: HMSO.
2151:
2139:
2122:
2103:
2080:
2060:
2041:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1708:
1673:
1653:
1650:
1645:Kamerun campaign
1639:
1630:
1627:
1573:
1572:(17–22 October),
1550:
1544:action of Agagia
1528:
1478:
1442:
1398:Senussi Campaign
1392:Senussi Campaign
1370:
1366:
1358:
1320:
1281:
1126:action of Agagia
1106:Senussi Campaign
1090:Kingdom of Italy
776:
765:
758:
751:
742:
741:
653:Senussi campaign
626:
624:
614:
607:
600:
591:
590:
570:
559:
549:
548:
538:
537:
536:
527:
526:
525:
516:
515:
514:
507:Ja'far al-Askari
505:
504:
503:
493:
492:
491:
482:
481:
480:
471:
470:
469:
460:
459:
458:
451:Reginald Wingate
449:
448:
447:
438:
437:
436:
427:
426:
425:
418:
417:
416:
407:
406:
405:
370:
368:
367:
358:
357:
356:
339:
338:
331:
327:
325:
324:
305:
301:
299:
298:
290:
286:
284:
283:
273:
270:
266:
264:
263:
251:
247:
245:
244:
236:
232:
230:
229:
219:
215:
213:
212:
200:
196:
194:
193:
185:
181:
179:
178:
167:
165:
164:
157:
153:
151:
150:
142:
138:
136:
135:
126:
122:
120:
119:
108:
103:
101:
100:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4516:
4475:
4407:
4400:
4371:Treaty of Darin
4339:
4301:
4257:Austria-Hungary
4243:
4230:
4211:Rape of Belgium
4138:
4110:
4058:
4052:Western Armenia
4047:Eastern Galicia
3980:
3954:
3918:
3917:Civilian impact
3916:
3902:
3859:
3788:
3620:
3550:Ovambo Uprising
3502:
3488:
3377:
3279:
3206:
3124:Battle of Łomża
3107:
3103:Christmas truce
3078:Race to the Sea
3011:
2973:
2895:
2866:Austria-Hungary
2842:
2777:Empire of Japan
2714:
2712:
2701:
2685:U-boat campaign
2671:
2643:
2605:
2557:
2503:
2484:Popular culture
2430:
2425:
2373:
2368:
2331:
2329:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2258:
2232:
2230:Further reading
2227:
2195:
2173:
2171:
2148:Sheppard (1968)
2119:
2100:
2057:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1657:Affair of Gyuba
1651:
1638:2,000 followers
1637:
1628:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1571:
1558:
1548:
1494:
1486:
1476:
1440:
1408:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1368:
1364:
1356:groupes mobiles
1312:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1284:Ahmad al-Sharif
1279:
1259:
1245:
1243:Allied strategy
1227:Austria-Hungary
1184:
1179:
1048:
1043:
777:
771:
769:
739:
734:
725:Darfur Campaign
627:
622:
620:
618:
575:
571:
561:
555:
543:
542:
540:Omar al-Mukhtar
534:
532:
531:
523:
521:
520:
512:
510:
509:
501:
499:
489:
487:
486:
478:
476:
475:
467:
465:
464:
456:
454:
453:
445:
443:
442:
434:
432:
431:
423:
421:
420:
414:
412:
411:
403:
401:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
363:
362:
354:
352:
351:
347:Co-belligerents
343:
333:
332:
322:
320:
318:
308:
296:
294:
281:
279:
275:
274:
271:
261:
259:
254:
242:
240:
227:
225:
221:
220:
210:
208:
203:
191:
189:
176:
174:
162:
160:
148:
146:
133:
131:
117:
115:
110:
109:
98:
96:
94:
89:
60:
42:
31:First World War
17:
12:
11:
5:
4628:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4406:Peace treaties
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4292:United Kingdom
4289:
4284:
4282:Ottoman Empire
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4184:Sack of Dinant
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4132:United Kingdom
4129:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4092:
4086:POW locations
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3886:United Kingdom
3883:
3881:Ottoman Empire
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3855:Trench warfare
3852:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3807:
3805:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3571:
3568:Volta-Bani War
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Zeebrugge Raid
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3197:Battle of Loos
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3088:Black Sea raid
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2990:Historiography
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2944:Bosnian Crisis
2941:
2938:Tangier Crisis
2935:
2929:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2871:Ottoman Empire
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2848:Central Powers
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:British Empire
2826:United Kingdom
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2804:Russian Empire
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2722:Entente Powers
2715:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2690:North Atlantic
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2601:Central Arabia
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2563:Middle Eastern
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2464:Historiography
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2371:External links
2369:
2367:
2366:
2339:
2338:
2307:Encyclopaedias
2304:
2303:
2287:
2256:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2123:
2117:
2104:
2098:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2042:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2009:, p. 153.
1999:
1997:, p. 749.
1987:
1985:, p. 151.
1975:
1963:
1961:, p. 211.
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1889:, p. 210.
1879:
1867:
1855:
1839:
1837:, pp. 65.
1827:
1825:, p. 186.
1815:
1813:, p. 121.
1803:
1801:, p. 767.
1791:
1779:
1767:
1765:, p. 745.
1755:
1743:
1731:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1599:Main article:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1557:
1554:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1455:on the way to
1441:5,000 infantry
1406:
1396:Main article:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1381:Central Powers
1377:Hubert Lyautey
1339:French Algeria
1331:French Morocco
1308:Main article:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1280:1911–1912, the
1258:
1255:
1244:
1241:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1156:took place in
1150:Volta-Bani War
1086:British Empire
1078:Ottoman Empire
1062:Central Powers
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:Naval theatres
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
970:
964:
963:
962:
961:
951:
950:
949:
939:
934:
929:
924:
923:
922:
911:
910:
904:
903:
898:
896:Central Arabia
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
851:
845:
844:
839:
838:
837:
832:
827:
817:
812:
811:
810:
805:
795:
789:
788:
782:
779:
778:
768:
767:
760:
753:
745:
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
722:
720:Volta-Bani War
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
668:Sidi Abu Arqub
665:
660:
650:
649:
648:
643:
632:
629:
628:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
586:
585:
497:
409:William Peyton
398:
397:
393:
392:
388:Chaouia tribes
341:Ottoman Empire
314:Central Powers
309:
307:
306:
291:
257:
256:
255:
253:
252:
237:
234:French Tunisia
206:
205:
204:
202:
201:
186:
171:
158:
143:
128:
124:United Kingdom
105:British Empire
93:
92:
91:
85:Entente Powers
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:Allied victory
66:
62:
61:
55:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4627:
4616:
4615:1916 in Egypt
4613:
4611:
4610:1915 in Egypt
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4297:United States
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3914:
3909:
3899:
3898:United States
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3848:Convoy system
3846:
3845:
3844:
3843:Naval warfare
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3603:Kaocen revolt
3601:
3598:
3597:Easter Rising
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Great Retreat
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Battle of Cer
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:Agadir Crisis
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2838:United States
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2755:French Empire
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2708:
2698:
2697:Mediterranean
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2677:Naval warfare
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2553:Italian Front
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2541:Eastern Front
2539:
2537:
2536:Western Front
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Puppet states
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1995:Strachan 2003
1991:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1971:Strachan 2003
1967:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1877:, p. 28.
1876:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1799:Strachan 2003
1795:
1788:
1787:Strachan 2003
1783:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1763:Strachan 2003
1759:
1752:
1751:Strachan 2003
1747:
1740:
1739:Strachan 2003
1735:
1728:
1727:Strachan 2003
1723:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1623:
1622:Egyptian Army
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1563:
1556:Band of Oases
1553:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1534:was created.
1533:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1404:
1399:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1365:80,000 troops
1362:
1361:combined arms
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:allied powers
1220:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:Kaocen Revolt
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:German Empire
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:Mediterranean
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
966:
965:
960:
957:
956:
955:
952:
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
906:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
846:
843:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
818:
816:
813:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
798:Eastern Front
796:
794:
793:Western Front
791:
790:
787:
784:
783:
780:
775:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
746:
743:
731:
730:Kaocen revolt
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
651:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
625:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
592:
584:
583:
578:
574:
569:
564:
560:
558:
552:
547:
541:
530:
519:
518:Nuri Killigil
508:
498:
496:
485:
474:
463:
452:
441:
440:Henry Hodgson
430:
410:
400:
399:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
361:
360:Senussi Order
350:
348:
344:
342:
337:
330:
317:
315:
310:
304:
292:
289:
277:
276:
269:
250:
238:
235:
223:
222:
218:
199:
187:
184:
172:
170:
159:
156:
144:
141:
129:
127:
125:
112:
111:
107:
106:
90:
87:
86:
81:
80:
75:
67:
64:
63:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4509:
4502:
4490:
4097: /
4029:
3864:Conscription
3828:Cryptography
3765:Iraqi Revolt
3192:Siege of Kut
3135:
2713:participants
2662:German Samoa
2638:
2596:South Arabia
2387:North Africa
2353:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2330:. Retrieved
2318:
2306:
2305:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2267:
2261:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2159:
2127:
2108:
2085:
2068:
2046:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1875:Bostock 1982
1870:
1858:
1847:McGuirk 2007
1842:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1671:
1652: 1,000
1642:
1629: 2,000
1604:
1576:
1559:
1540:
1536:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1449:Mersa Matruh
1438:
1418:Jaafar Pasha
1411:
1335:Middle Atlas
1313:
1260:
1246:
1230:
1215:
1187:
1185:
1164:against the
1142:
1113:Ahmed Sharif
1110:
1084:against the
1053:North Africa
1051:
1049:
995:Central Asia
968:Asia-Pacific
942:North Africa
941:
920:South Africa
891:South Arabia
772:Theatres of
703:Dakhla Oasis
663:Gasr Bu Hadi
621:
581:
577:Ali Amhaouch
573:Moha ou Said
556:
462:Philip Kelly
345:
312:
311:
288:Tripolitania
140:South Africa
113:
95:
83:
82:
77:Belligerents
57:North Africa
29:Part of the
18:
4127:Netherlands
4104:Switzerland
3985:Occupations
3976:Spanish flu
3753:(1919–1922)
3747:(1918–1921)
3741:(1918–1923)
3730:(1919–1921)
3724:(1919–1921)
3718:(1919–1920)
3694:(1918–1920)
3688:(1918–1920)
3682:(1918–1920)
3664:(1918–1920)
3646:(1918–1920)
3640:(1917–1921)
3634:(1917–1921)
3581:(1916-1918)
3579:Arab Revolt
3570:(1915–1917)
3564:(1915–1917)
3552:(1914-1917)
3546:(1914–1917)
3540:(1914–1921)
3534:(1913–1920)
3522:(1910–1920)
3516:(1900–1920)
3489: [
3007:July Crisis
2928:(1880–1914)
2591:Mesopotamia
2469:Home fronts
2428:World War I
2356:(1): 6–19.
2332:28 February
1851:Wavell 1968
1823:Carver 2003
1681:Royal Scots
1677:Territorial
1520:Nur el Bahr
1477:300–400 men
1430:Mesopotamia
1387:Egypt–Libya
1276:Trablusgarp
1219:Enver Pasha
1189:Weltpolitik
1162:West Africa
1057:World War I
937:East Africa
876:Mesopotamia
849:Middle East
774:World War I
673:Wadi Seinab
658:Wadi Marsit
429:Henry Lukin
183:New Zealand
4544:Categories
4344:Agreements
4144:War crimes
4020:Luxembourg
3913:Casualties
2784:Montenegro
2619:South West
2499:Technology
2489:Propaganda
2479:Opposition
2174:7 February
2144:Wavell, A.
2016:References
1689:15th Sikhs
1457:Alexandria
1369:600 French
1329:tribes in
1177:Background
1121:Suez Canal
1034:Baltic Sea
985:New Guinea
954:Somaliland
698:Bir Hakeim
678:Wadi Majid
380:Aït Ouirra
4241:Diplomacy
3948:Olympians
3871:Australia
3838:Logistics
3771:Vlora War
3700:(1918–19)
3676:(1918–19)
3670:(1918–19)
3658:(1918–19)
3605:(1916–17)
3587:(1916–17)
3538:Zaian War
3528:(1914–15)
3248:first day
3136:Lusitania
2964:(1912–13)
2958:(1911–12)
2946:(1908–09)
2940:(1905–06)
2922:(1870–71)
2711:Principal
2571:Gallipoli
2474:Memorials
2459:Geography
2449:Aftermath
2393:web site.
2362:1574-0781
2252:224893679
2221:0008-0055
2077:317457540
2067:(1954) .
1715:Footnotes
1614:Ali Dinar
1549:58 of 184
1526:Muhafizia
1506:HMS
1426:Gallipoli
1310:Zaian War
1146:Zaian War
1029:Black Sea
1014:North Sea
871:Gallipoli
866:Kurdistan
830:Macedonia
636:Zaian War
551:Ali Dinar
303:Cyrenaica
272:(1915–18)
169:Australia
4529:Category
4116:Refugees
4082:Italians
4071:Germans
4031:Ober Ost
3811:Aviation
2905:Timeline
2876:Bulgaria
2657:Tsingtao
2634:Togoland
2581:Caucasus
2516:European
2508:Theatres
2342:Journals
2299:29078007
2203:Journals
2169:17673086
2136:35621223
2038:12024100
1461:Bahariya
1414:Nuri Bey
1351:Khénifra
1152:and the
1088:and the
1080:and the
1068:and its
1064:and the
1019:Atlantic
975:Tsingtao
959:Ethiopia
932:Cameroon
927:Togoland
856:Caucasus
646:El Herri
641:Khénifra
52:Location
4267:Germany
4167:Germany
4095:Germany
4015:Belgium
4000:Albania
3959:Disease
3939:Sports
3891:Ireland
3804:Warfare
3797:Aspects
2985:Origins
2978:Prelude
2881:Senussi
2861:Germany
2856:Leaders
2794:Romania
2735:Belgium
2730:Leaders
2629:Kamerun
2611:African
2546:Romania
2524:Balkans
2439:Outline
2327:2778918
2281:10 July
2276:3080890
1687:), the
1513:gunboat
1465:Farafra
1299:Morocco
1270:and by
1250:U-boats
1158:Morocco
1132:of the
1074:Senussi
1066:Entente
1055:during
842:Ireland
820:Balkans
808:Finland
803:Romania
683:Halazin
557:†
329:Germany
249:Morocco
4287:Russia
4262:France
4090:Canada
4005:Serbia
3876:Canada
3833:Horses
3785:(1921)
3779:(1920)
3773:(1920)
3767:(1920)
3759:(1920)
3712:(1919)
3706:(1919)
3652:(1918)
3617:(1918)
3611:(1917)
3599:(1916)
3593:(1916)
3558:(1915)
2970:(1913)
2952:(1911)
2934:(1905)
2891:Darfur
2816:Serbia
2799:Russia
2762:Greece
2750:France
2740:Brazil
2586:Persia
2529:Serbia
2360:
2325:
2297:
2274:
2250:
2219:
2191:
2167:
2134:
2115:
2096:
2075:
2053:
2036:
1707:(RFC).
1618:Sirdar
1611:Sultan
1473:Kharga
1469:Dakhla
1453:Da'aba
1445:Sollum
1327:Berber
1288:Fezzan
1272:France
1210:Moltke
1104:. The
1072:. The
1070:allies
1009:U-boat
908:Africa
861:Persia
835:Greece
825:Serbia
786:Europe
713:Tunsia
693:Sollum
688:Agagia
579:
565:
553:
369:
326:
300:
285:
265:
246:
231:
217:France
214:
195:
180:
166:
152:
137:
121:
102:
65:Result
4484:Other
4277:Japan
4272:Italy
4099:camps
3943:Rugby
3493:]
2772:Japan
2767:Italy
2745:China
2639:North
2389:, in
2266:[
2236:Books
2022:Books
1663:Notes
1607:Sudan
1590:Sudan
1516:Abbas
1264:Italy
1117:Egypt
1094:jihad
980:Samoa
947:Libya
815:Italy
268:Italy
198:Egypt
155:India
4064:POWs
3383:1918
3285:1917
3211:1916
3112:1915
3016:1914
2821:Siam
2624:East
2358:ISSN
2334:2014
2323:OCLC
2295:OCLC
2283:2014
2272:OCLC
2248:OCLC
2217:ISSN
2189:ISBN
2176:2014
2165:OCLC
2132:OCLC
2113:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2090:HMSO
2073:OCLC
2051:ISBN
2034:OCLC
1508:Tara
1501:U-35
1471:and
1451:and
1434:Siwa
1428:and
1349:and
1347:Taza
901:Oman
708:Siwa
2354:III
1562:RAF
1325:of
4546::
3491:It
2352:.
2092:.
1649:c.
1626:c.
1467:,
1463:,
1447:,
1436:.
1359:,
1239:.
1148:,
1140:.
3915:/
2420:e
2413:t
2406:v
2364:.
2336:.
2301:.
2254:.
2223:.
2197:.
2150:.
2138:.
2121:.
2102:.
2079:.
2059:.
2040:.
764:e
757:t
750:v
613:e
606:t
599:v
582:#
349::
316::
88::
59:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
