3772:) may be the administrative head of any municipality, provincial, prefecture-level, or county-level. The mayor is usually the most recognized official in cities, although the position is the second-highest-ranking official in charge after the local Communist Party secretary. In principle, the mayor (who also serves as the deputy Communist Party secretary of the city) is responsible for managing the city administration while the Communist Party secretary is responsible for general policy and managing the party bureaucracy, but in practice the roles blur, frequently causing conflict.
2630:, to emphasise the appointed, rather than elected, nature of the office. The appointment procedure was brought for discussion in the early 2000s (decade), as some of the political parties represented in parliament regarded the procedure as undemocratic. Generally, mayors in the Netherlands are selected from the established political parties, although since the late 2010s mayors without political affiliation have become more common. Alternatives proposed were direct election of the mayor by the people or official appointment by the municipal council (
491:, Section 15, regulated the election of mayors. The mayor was to be a fit person elected annually on 9 November by the council of the borough from among the aldermen or councilors or persons qualified to be such. His term of office was one year, but he was eligible for re-election. He might appoint a deputy to act during illness or absence, and such deputy must be either an alderman or councilor. A mayor who was absent from the borough for more than two months became disqualified and had to vacate his office. A mayor was
844:
401:
with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board.
3645:
3679:, which acts as a legislative body while executive functions are performed by the appointed manager. The mayor may chair the city council, but lacks any special legislative powers. The mayor and city council serve part-time, with day-to-day administration in the hands of a professional city manager. The system is most common among medium-sized cities from around 25,000 to several hundred thousand, usually rural and suburban municipalities.
954:
3806:
mayor's role is to ensure that city government business can continue in the regular mayor's absence, and the acting mayor is not deemed to have actually held the office of mayor. In some jurisdictions, however, when a mayor resigns or dies in office, the mayor's successor is not considered to be an acting mayor but rather fully mayor in their own right.
1742:(e.g., parks, undeveloped urban parcels, streets), traffic light control, sewage, and most public utilities. In practice, most of its duties are centered on minor street repairs (new or large road projects, like overpasses, bridges, pedestrian crossings, etc. are handled by the Ministry of Public Works (Spanish:
2857:
may however be triggered through a petition supported by at least 1/10 of eligible voters, but the turnout in the recall referendum must be at least 3/5 of the number of people voting in the original election in order for the referendum to be valid and binding. A town/city mayor can also be dismissed
400:
in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body
2620:. Appointment is generally preceded by a selection procedure and nomination by the municipal council and king's commissioner (head of the provincial executive), and a nomination is only very rarely not followed by an appointment. Mayors preside over both the municipal executive and the legislative (
976:
accepted a compromise after repeated petitions from the Estate of the
Burgesses over decades against the royal mayor appointments. The compromise was that the burgesses in a city could normally nominate a mayor under the supervision of the local governor. The nominee was then to be presented to and
551:
in most modern
English and Welsh boroughs and towns did not in the 20th century entail any important administrative duties and was generally regarded as an honor conferred for local distinction, long service on the council, or for past services. The mayor was expected to devote much of his (or her)
2869:
within limits set by the municipal council. They prepare and present the planned budget to the municipal council, subject to its acceptation and amendments. After the municipal council votes to accept the budget, the town/city mayor is responsible for its realization. Town/city mayors are heads of
2848:
is the legislative, budget-making and oversight body. Mayor is obliged to appoint his deputy. A town or city mayor may be scrutinized or denied funding for his/her projects by the council, but is not politically responsible to it and does not require its confidence to remain in office; therefore,
1239:
In
Australian councils, the mayor is generally the member of the council who acts as a ceremonial figurehead at official functions, as well as carrying the authority of the council between meetings. Mayoral decisions made between meetings are subject to council and may be confirmed or repealed if
3805:
to be temporarily designated as "acting mayor" in the event that the incumbent mayor is temporarily unavailable, such as for health reasons or out-of-town travel, but still continues to hold the position and is expected to return to the duties of the office. In this latter capacity, the acting
3722:
A 2014 analysis found no difference in performance between male and female mayors in the United States, and no evidence of a positive role model effect from female mayors inspiring future candidates. In 2016 author Mirya R. Holman wrote that female mayors "emphasize nurturer parent frames more
3095:
is either directly elected in municipal elections (citywide referendum) or is elected by the members of the municipality's representative council. Election by council members is now more widespread because it better integrates with the
Russian federal three-level vertical governance structure:
575:. This results in mayors of districts which include towns which also have separate mayors. In districts which do not have borough status, the role of civic leader is taken by the chairman of the council, who undertakes exactly the same functions as a mayor of a district with borough status.
1380:
in French). A borough mayor simultaneously serves as head of the borough council and as a regular councillor on the main city council. The scheduling of municipal elections in Canada varies by jurisdiction, as each province and territory has its own laws regarding municipal governance.
1964:, was implemented in 2010, further consolidated municipalities down to 370, and merged the country's 54 prefectures, which were disbanded in favour of the larger 13 regions. The Kallikratian municipalities were designed according to several guidelines; for example, each island (except
4190:
2937:. In spite of remaining an integral part of the city as an entity, the quarters have a degree of autonomy legally guaranteed through a form of an own local self-government exercising some powers devolved by law from the city. Each of the 18 city quarters has an own council (
2910:. A town/city mayor has the legal capacity to act as employer for all the officials of a town/city hall. Town/city mayors in Poland have wide administrative and staffing authority: the only municipal executive official that the town/city mayor cannot appoint or dismiss is a
2738:, with the vice mayor as the second-highest position in the city. They are elected every three years during the midterm and national elections, and they can serve up to three consecutive terms of office. As of September 2012, there are 1,635 mayors in the Philippines.
1798:
living in that area. The post of mayor may be said to be a professional one, the mayor being the head of the local government, and requiring, in order to be eligible, training in administration. In big cities (details are regulated by state statutes) the official title is
1944:
and are the head of various municipal governments in which the state is divided. Starting in 2014, mayors are elected for a five-year term. Local administration elections for the new, consolidated municipalities and peripheries will henceforth be held together with the
3763:, the other major metropolitan area, has one large city (where the boroughs, former municipalities merged into it, elect a lower level, albeit with very limited competence) and several smaller surrounding municipalities, each under a normal burgomaster as in Brussels.
552:
time to civic, ceremonial, and representational functions, and to preside over meetings for the advancement of the public welfare. The administrative duties of mayors were to act as returning officer at parliamentary elections and to chair the meetings of the council.
2756:) in Poland, including 1513 rural gminas, while the remaining 968 ones contain cities and towns. Among them, 666 towns are part of an urban-rural gmina while 302 cities and towns are standalone as an urban gmina. The latter group includes 107 cities (governed by a
990:). On 16 October 1723, it was decided after a petition that the city should present three nominees, of whom the king (or the Council of the Realm) appointed one. This was kept as a rule from then on in all later regulations and was also kept as a tradition in the
733:) are selected by the municipal council from among their number. Most of the administrative work is left in their hands, with the full council meeting comparatively infrequently. The model was copied throughout Europe in Britain's mayors, Italy's
4198:
3256:
in everyday parlance. The mayor is elected indirectly by the city council for a term of 4 years, without a term limit; previously, from 1990 to 2006 mayors were elected directly by voters in local elections alongside the municipal council.
1416:, the title "reeve" was used instead of mayor. In some other municipalities, "mayor" and "reeve" were two separate offices, with the mayor retaining leadership powers while the reeve was equivalent to what other municipalities called an "
985:
decided, after a petition from the said Estate, that only the city could present nominees, not the king or anyone else. Thus the supervision of the local governor and directly appointed mayors by the king ceased after 1720 (the so-called
1231:. Mayors are often elected by the respective city council and serve for a five-year term. The mayor heads the community administration, nominates members of the administration to various posts, and oversees the municipal budget.
1420:
councillor". Today most municipalities in the province now designate their elected municipal government heads as mayors, but a small handful retain the position. This continues to be the case in the following municipalities and
4160:
3598:
also is present) was introduced in 1999. Since then, the post is elected by all residents of the city. Before that date, the post was elected by members of the city council only and was known as head of the city council, which
3088:
Except for the aforementioned three large cities, the governance system of a
Russian municipality (city, county, district or town) is subordinate to the representative council of the federation in which it is located. The
3559:) which are actually villages with a population in excess of 2000. However, beginning by 1983, a new level of municipality was introduced in the Turkish administrative system. In big cities, metropolitan municipalities (
3699:
system, the mayor has appointing power for department heads but is subject to checks by the city council, sharing both executive and legislative duties with the council. This is common for smaller cities, especially in
1754:), is also controlled by the mayor's office. Water, electrical supply and public transportation coordination are handled by several central government offices, and as such, are not under the control of the mayor.
1240:
necessary. Mayors in
Australia may be elected either directly through a ballot for the position of mayor at a local-government election, or alternatively may be elected from within the council at a meeting.
3690:
to oversee the different departments. This is the system used in most of the United States' large cities, primarily because mayors serve full-time and have a wide range of services that they oversee. In a
4228:
2949:), the latter elected by the council among several candidates nominated by the city mayor of Warsaw among the council's members, as opposed to a town or a city mayor, both elected under direct suffrage.
4434:
3535:
in Taiwan the mayor is the head of the city's government and its city's council, which is in charge of legislative affairs. The mayor and city council are elected separately by the city's residents.
932:. These courts were abolished in 1971. Until 1965, these mayor judges on historical grounds also performed some administrative functions in the board of magistrates, in Swedish known collectively as
1990:
which is a local government of cities with a population over one million. They have a number of roles, both ceremonial and functional. In most Indian states mayors are elected indirectly among the
2501:, which saw the country undergoing its first ever regime change, there have been calls to revive local government elections, which had been the practice in certain cities such as Kuala Lumpur,
3228:
establishes a mayor-council system for all municipalities, except city municipalities that are part of a city. The title of the mayor varies: the formal title of municipality heads is the
3063:), is one of the possible titles of the head of the administration of a city or municipality. This title is equivalent to that of the head of a Russian rural district. Exceptionally, the
3551:) in Turkey are elected by popular vote for five years alongside the municipal council. As a rule, there are municipalities in all province centers and district centers as well as towns (
2914:, who is appointed by the town/city council. Although they do not have in Poland power to veto city council resolutions, their position is relatively strong and should be classified as a
1037:
confusingly on historical grounds has referred to the highest official in the registry office and in the city courts (abolished in 1993) as in Sweden, not the city manager. In addition,
2513:
until their abolishment in 1965. The reinstatement of local government elections would lead to the mayoral position being elected, instead of being appointed as per the current system.
4168:
3941:
3682:
Under the mayor-council system, the mayoralty and city council are separate offices. This system may be of two types, either a strong mayor system or a weak mayor system. Under the
2169:
3656:
The mayor is the municipal head of government, the maximum civil authority at the municipal level, in most United States municipalities (such as cities, townships, etc.). In the
950:. This office was an invention of the 20th century as the smaller cities in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century subsequently lost their own courts and magistrates.
4335:
3157:
office administers all municipal services, public property, police and fire protection, and most public agencies, and enforces all local and state laws within a city or town.
3755:
is administratively one of the federation's three regions, and is subdivided, without the other regions' provincial level, into 19 rather small municipalities, with one, the
3620:('elder') has been implemented at the lower level of the administrative-territorial pyramid. Candidates to the post are also elected by members of the territorial community (
1960:, consolidated the country's numerous municipalities and communities down to approximately 1000. The second phase, initially called Kapodistrias II but eventually called the
840:(plural), are subordinate to the lord mayor with different undertakings, like ministers to a prime minister. In other municipalities in Denmark there is only a single mayor.
2249:
of 1947 defines the structure of
Japanese local governments, which were strengthened after World War II. It gives strong executive power to the mayor in local politics like
4373:
499:
for the borough during his year of office and the following year. He received such remuneration as the council thought reasonable. These provisions have now been repealed.
480:. By the beginning of the 12th century, the title of portreeve gave way to that of mayor as the designation of the chief officer of London, followed around 1190 by that of
4460:
594:. Although the position is often ceremonial, with executive responsibilities under the control of an elected mayor, lord mayors in several Commonwealth cities including
538:. To maintain its dependence on and loyalty to the Crown, the position was forbidden to the leaders of the clan groups. A separate mayor, known as the "cow dung mayor" (
3790:
In many cities and towns, the charter or some similar fundamental document provides that in the event of the death, illness, resignation, or removal from office of the
3794:
mayor, another official will lead the municipality for a temporary period, which, depending on the jurisdiction, may be for a stated period of days or months until a
4568:
Ferreira, Fernando, and Joseph
Gyourko. 2014. “Does Gender Matter for Political Leadership? The Case of U.S. Mayors.” Journal of Public Economics 112 (April): 24-39.
2366:
and may veto local acts approved by the assembly which can be overridden by two-thirds assembly support. A mayor can dissolve the assembly if the assembly passes a
611:
4403:
4220:
2222:; the mayor cannot serve for more than two consecutive terms, except in municipalities of up to 5,000 inhabitants, those having a three consecutive terms limit.
1813:('district-free'). That means that the city council also has the powers and duties of a rural district council. The leader of a rural district council is called
1750:
and management, overseeing the use of public spaces, and arbitrating neighborhood land use disputes, which are managed by the
National Property office (Spanish:
1013:. Usually in Finland the highest executive official is not democratically elected, but is appointed to a public office by the city council, and is called simply
1290:
are elected every five years. They are very powerful in municipal government. The mayor is the highest-ranking official in municipal governments in
Bangladesh.
4426:
4138:
1968:) was incorporated into a single municipality, while the majority of small towns were consolidated so as to have an average municipal population of 25,000.
1730:
for a term of four years. The daily duties of the mayor's office are restricted to local governance, and as such, it is responsible for the coordination of
2735:
1807:(mayor). In these cities, a "simple" mayor is just a deputy responsible for a distinct task (e.g., welfare or construction works). Big cities are usually
3410:
The function and title for mayor vary from one canton to another. Generally, the mayor presides over an executive council of several members governing a
2418:
of other administrative and territorial units are appointed or elected to the post in an order defined by the president. The president may also dismiss
876:
has now been abolished. Norway abolished it in 1937 as a title of the non-political top manager of (city) municipalities and replaced it with the title
3825:
or the local council's committees respectively provide day-to-day leadership and the position of mayor is either a largely or entirely ceremonial one.
2225:
The mayor is a member of the City council, the legislative body which checks the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce his resignation by a
1243:
The civic regalia and insignia of local government have basically remained unaltered for centuries. For ceremonial occasions a mayor may wear robes, a
3759:, being the kingdom's capital, which each have an elected—formally appointed—burgomaster (i.e., mayor, responsible to his/her elected council); while
3208:, the mayor is the head of the city or a town. The mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive function. The position of the mayor of
2078:). Basically, a mayor has the duty and authority to lead the implementation of the policies established by the region along with the city council (
654:
Areas which now have directly elected mayors include cities, local government districts which cover several towns and rural areas, and since 2014
4491:
1043:
is also an honorary title, which may be given for distinguished service in the post of the city manager. The city manager of Helsinki is called
4709:
1956:
Local administration in Greece recently underwent extensive reform in two phases: the first phase, implemented in 1997 and commonly called the
563:
is often dropped). The person is known as "mayor" regardless of gender; the partner of a mayor is sometimes known as the "mayoress". Since the
3988:
330:
4285:
4105:
4313:
4251:
3338:. As Spanish Christians took over an increasing part of the Peninsula, they adapted the Muslim systems and terminology for their own use.
2491:
2487:
2471:
1319:
Mayoral elections in Brazil occur in two different ways: in municipalities with more than 200,000 inhabitants, the voting happens in a
1152:. Only later was it applied to the presiding municipal magistrate. This early use continued to be reflected in its other uses, such as
1095:
or the kings of Leon and Castile, the right to have councils. Among the rights that these councils had was to elect a municipal judge (
2124:, the mayor is the executive manager of a city and is elected by the Islamic City Council. The mayor is elected for a four-year term.
4343:
2554:
2141:
929:
548:
1867:
3341:
Today, it refers to the executive head of a municipal or local government, who usually does not have judicial functions. The word
2250:
1264:
are elected representing political parties, the mayor is normally the leader of the party receiving the most seats on council. In
4365:
1794:) are still elected by the respective city-state parliaments. In all the other states the mayors are now elected directly by the
1281:
4456:
2563:. They are very powerful in municipal government. The mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government in Nepal.
2362:
and the national governments cannot remove a mayor from office. Towards the assembly the mayor prepares budgets, proposes local
2591:
1678:
3723:
frequently whereas male mayors emphasize strict father frames, but they discuss economic development at very similar levels".
2747:
4513:
3568:
2995:
is elected for a period of four years. In carrying out their responsibilities they are assisted by an elected local council (
2934:
134:
2216:) has a mayor who represents the local government. The mayor is directly elected every five years by the inhabitants of the
4078:
was never applied to the presiding municipal officer and retained its original meaning of "judge". "Alcalde" in Corominas,
1384:
As is the practice in most Commonwealth countries, in Canada a mayor is addressed as His/Her Worship while holding office.
644:
572:
2840:. Citizens with a criminal record cannot run for mayor, but only if sentenced for intentional criminal offence prosecuted
2464:
3735:, mayors are often appointed by some branch of the national or regional government. In some cities, subdivisions such as
1735:
363:
4729:
3627:
2968:
2409:
of provinces and cities are appointed to the post by the president on the advice of the prime minister. Meanwhile, the
2086:)). A mayor is elected in a pair with a vice mayor through direct elections and is a political office. An exception is
742:
634:
288:
4395:
3686:
system, the mayor acts as an elected executive with the city council exercising legislative powers. They may select a
1774:) are elected for a six-year term by the municipal council, whose members are elected by direct universal suffrage in
3021:. The responsibilities of the mayor and of the local council are defined by Law 215/2001 of the Romanian Parliament.
2714:, who themselves are elected directly by the votes of the local public. Council elections are held every four years.
2533:. The members of the local councils are directly elected and collectively serve as a basic form of local government.
1393:
163:
72:
4547:
3571:) In a metropolitan municipality there may be several district municipalities (hence mayors). Mayors are elected in
3180:, Il'sur Metshin, is the most popular in Russia, scoring 76 out of 100, according to the Russian People's Rating of
2878:(the town/city mayor may appoint deputies for these specific tasks), as well as the parent authority for all public
4130:
2866:
2498:
2145:
1324:
179:
3216:. Furthermore, the post of the mayor of Belgrade is the third most important position in the government after the
1316:) functioning with legislative powers. The mayor can be re-elected and manage the city for two consecutive terms.
4719:
4714:
4704:
1946:
991:
977:
appointed by the king, but the king could appoint mayors directly in exceptional cases. This was codified in the
488:
104:
4019:
3818:
4670:
English Local Government from the Revolution to the Municipal Corporations Act : The Manor and the Borough
3888:
3657:
3639:
2479:
591:
2865:
Town/city mayors manage the municipal estate, issue administrative decisions and minor regulations, and incur
2354:
A mayor is elected every four years by direct popular votes held separately from the assembly. A mayor can be
544:), was charged with overseeing the royal cattle. There were similar offices at the Scottish and Irish courts.
4577:
Holman, Mirya R. 2016. “Gender, Political Rhetoric, and Moral Metaphors in the State of the City Addresses.”
3411:
1987:
1355:
756:
who did not consider themselves independent principalities or dukedoms – particularly those of the Imperial
3893:
3813:
form of municipal government, where the mayor performs functions of day-to-day leadership, than it is in a
3687:
2776:
1995:
904:, which actually means 'word-bearer', i.e. 'chairperson' or 'president', an equivalent to the Swedish word
830:
325:
67:
3324:
only a municipality; the former was appointed by the ruler of the state but the latter was elected by the
1941:
139:
3834:
3661:
2702:
2609:
2185:
2177:
1351:
1328:
568:
2545:, the last mayoral elections had to be repeated three times because of the low rate of participation.
2463:
The mayor functions as the head of the local government of the cities in Malaysia. To date, there are
944:), who had these non-political administrative roles in smaller cities without a magistrates' court or
4483:
3705:
3660:, there are several distinct types of mayors, depending on whether the system of local government is
3603:
also serves as the head of the executive committee. For the cities that carry special status such as
3106:
2850:
2683:(the word means 'administrator' in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as 'mayor') and assisted by the
2637:
2161:
1857:
1228:
815:
640:
564:
302:
283:
2626:), although they can vote in the former and not in the latter. The title is sometimes translated as
4646:
3980:
3665:
3217:
2915:
2655:
2173:
1775:
1339:
978:
891:
297:
4278:
4640:
4636:
4101:
3955:
2919:
2761:
2530:
2367:
2226:
2090:, where mayoralty is a civil-service career position with limited authority and is designated by
982:
583:
356:
247:
4305:
3212:
is important as the capital city is the most important hub of economics, culture and science in
4595:
2764:. 37 cities among the latter group are over 100,000, including 18 cities serving as a seat for
2483:
2458:
2312:
2149:
1456:
259:
40:
20:
4668:
3611:, the head of the city was a matter of long debate and the post is regulated by special laws.
3493:
1025:'municipal manager', depending on whether the municipality defines itself as a city. The term
4627:
4161:"Eleições 2020: 95 municípios com mais de 200 mil eleitores poderão ter 2º turno em novembro"
2677:
2649:
2454:
2110:
1907:
1726:'). Such a person is the governor of the municipality whose township elected him (or her) by
1442:
1433:
1177:
648:
477:
385:
186:
3798:
can be held, or until the original end of the term to which the vacating mayor was elected.
1111:
in Spanish). These judges were assisted in their duties by various assistant judges, called
3018:
2887:
2833:
2359:
2153:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1438:
496:
271:
159:
154:
4684:
3626:). The post is historical and existed in the territory of Ukraine during the times of the
2095:
1310:) for a four-year term, acting as an executive officer with the city council (Portuguese:
8:
4061:
3572:
3221:
2837:
2775:
All municipalities in Poland including cities and towns are governed under the mandatory
2502:
2165:
2133:
2091:
2047:
1950:
1408:
is the elected head of the municipality, and the second-in-command is referred to as the
1331:
elections. In municipalities with less than 200,000 inhabitants, the voting happens in a
789:
753:
707:
695:
667:
309:
3274:
is the most common Spanish term for the mayor of a town or city. It is derived from the
4650:
4609:
4065:
4027:
3936:
3883:
3672:
3473:
3193:
2961:
and many other Portuguese-speaking countries the mayor of a municipality is called the
2829:
2769:
2560:
2433:' powers end upon the newly elected president of the republic taking office. Thus, the
2246:
2157:
1847:
1819:('land counsellor'). In that case, the chief mayor also has the duties and powers of a
1701:
1519:
1332:
1080:
848:
655:
349:
276:
266:
191:
119:
92:
1716:. The latter name is preferred to avoid confusing the title with the similar-sounding
1366:
1076:
922:
was a title of the senior judge of the courts of the cities, courts which were called
3649:
3532:
3329:
3325:
3294:) judge', who often had administrative, as well as judicial, functions. Although the
2883:
2845:
2821:
2363:
2294:
2181:
1957:
1787:
1663:
1627:
1600:
1582:
1501:
1474:
1447:
1413:
1149:
961:
906:
718:
503:
436:
167:
32:
3170:, Anatoly Lokot', is mentioned in the media more than any other Russian mayor. The
3081:
are equivalent to governors in Russia, since these three federal cities are Russian
972:
considerably centralised government and appointed the mayors directly. In 1693 king
957:
4623:
4057:
3795:
3756:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3451:
3295:
3244:
3234:
3074:
2907:
2895:
2814:
2727:
2522:
2253:
in large cities in the United States of America. The titles that are translated as
2230:
2209:
1961:
1809:
1747:
1731:
1546:
1510:
1465:
1320:
1218:
1189:
1049:, which translates to 'chief mayor', for historical reasons. Furthermore, the term
461:
445:
In modern England and Wales, the position of mayor descends from the feudal lord's
4613:
4517:
2922:, the city mayor also has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and a
2180:
included plebiscites in three areas on directly elected mayors, of which that for
4724:
4699:
4289:
4023:
3913:
3814:
3275:
3082:
2903:
2875:
2854:
2817:
2355:
2258:
1903:
1877:
1790:
statutes. Nowadays only the mayors of the three city-states (Berlin, Hamburg and
1636:
1618:
1609:
1537:
1528:
1492:
1429:
1253:
1248:
622:
473:
450:
440:
339:
4599:
4427:"Partijloze burgemeester in opmars: Korpschef Schouten voorgedragen in Alkmaar"
3740:
3459:
3455:
2911:
2859:
2825:
2617:
2582:
2276:
2015:
1791:
1763:
1654:
1645:
1564:
1170:, who formed the highest tribunal in Castile and also managed the royal court;
1160:
1102:
987:
780:
749:
579:
531:
519:
507:
129:
114:
109:
62:
3192:
The status of the post in Sevastopol is not legally recognized outside of the
2779:
system. Executive power is vested in an official called one of the following:
4693:
4664:
3810:
3809:
The position of acting mayor is usually of considerably more importance in a
3399:
2891:
2824:
and cannot serve in the latter or in any higher-level deliberative bodies: a
2542:
2439:
continue to fulfill their duties before the appointment of the corresponding
2023:
1977:
1837:
1836:, for instance, every city with more than 35,000 inhabitants has one, and in
1739:
1723:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1244:
47:
3906:
3719:
Many American mayors are styled "His Honor" or "Her Honor" while in office.
2229:, and is entitled to appoint and release the members of the executive body (
843:
559:
is officially known as "town mayor" (although in popular parlance, the word
3856:
3839:
3822:
3802:
3676:
3059:
2899:
2879:
2622:
2572:
2510:
2475:
2168:
councils to style their chairperson as "mayor" and some do so. Since 2000
2003:
1689:
898:
official of the municipalities of Norway, on the other hand, has the title
687:
610:
hold both ceremonial and executive duties. Some lord mayors, including the
556:
410:
4366:"Non-partisan local elections the way forward, says Ipoh NGO | Malay Mail"
2490:. Thus, the mayor of Kuala Lumpur is selected by, and subordinate to, the
1846:
is not used in the three city-states, where the mayors are simultaneously
1117:, whose number depended on the number of parishes the town had. The title
995:
4660:
4539:
4457:"Powers and Duties: City Mayor, Vice Mayor, Councilor in the Philippines"
3871:
3861:
3748:
3709:
3701:
3395:
3334:
3167:
2894:
in a municipality. A municipality itself is responsible among others for
2723:
2627:
2578:
2478:, the country's capital, is a notable exception, as it forms part of the
2137:
2031:
1891:
1887:
1727:
1261:
1072:
969:
820:
738:
4281:
No ai tre mandati dei sindaci. Principio di legalità batte disobbedienti
3644:
2066:) is a regional head of a city or town. A mayor has the same level as a
1361:
1272:
and mayors are elected by popular vote at the general council election.
476:. This official was elected by popular choice, a privilege secured from
3608:
3304:
3078:
2841:
2684:
2541:
The mayor of the municipality in Moldova is elected for four years. In
1991:
1828:
There are also some German states that allow smaller cities to have an
1795:
1483:
1287:
1269:
1265:
973:
928:, literally 'town hall court', somewhat of an equivalent to an English
887:
825:
757:
587:
481:
233:
221:
99:
82:
4221:"Brazil's Municipal Elections 2020: 2nd round to be held in 57 cities"
4068:
4012:
1746:), under the direct control of the central government. Subcontracting
763:
671:
3791:
3784:
3713:
3359:
3348:
3343:
3328:), the adoption of this term reflects how much Muslim society in the
3002:
2871:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1932:
1591:
1092:
703:
691:
469:
890:'), which is still in use when referring to the top managers of the
3866:
3844:
3752:
3744:
3739:
may have their own mayors; this is the case, for example, with the
3732:
3438:
3352:
3209:
2958:
2923:
2673:
1833:
1685:
1684:
The elected heads of rural municipalities (RM) in the provinces of
1555:
1422:
1417:
1397:
1124:
1010:
883:
699:
618:
603:
397:
381:
254:
242:
211:
2886:
in the municipality. They are also personally responsible for the
1840:
every city with a population bigger than 25,000 has one. The term
4072:
3760:
3736:
3583:
3380:('municipal president'), with the latter being more widely used.
3266:
2980:
2820:
for a five-year term concurrently with the five-year term of the
2765:
2087:
2007:
1674:
1401:
1224:
1067:
1006:
1002:
953:
811:
776:
734:
599:
595:
535:
456:
446:
124:
57:
2799:
2636:). A constitutional change to allow for this failed to pass the
3483:
3428:
3365:
3291:
3213:
3205:
3070:
2752:
As of 30 April 2022, there are altogether 2477 municipalities (
2706:
2370:
or if the mayor thinks the assembly has no confidence in fact.
2218:
2067:
2019:
1937:
1371:
914:
859:
855:
795:
772:
714:
677:
643:
introduced in 2000, a number of English local authorities have
607:
465:
4336:"Teresa Kok: Federal Territories Ministry should be abolished"
2470:
In cities which lie within the jurisdiction of any one of the
2184:
was passed, with the first direct election due as part of the
3177:
2805:
2753:
2667:
2330:
1999:
1983:
1965:
1088:
1084:
702:. The mayorship of Paris eventually became hereditary in the
3671:
Under the council-manager government system, the mayor is a
2689:, who is also speaker of the district council. The district
1994:(who are directly elected by the people of their respective
3604:
3469:
3280:
3048:
2654:
Mayors in New Zealand are elected every three years in the
2506:
2379:
2121:
1986:, the mayor is the first citizen of a city and the head of
1129:
799:
658:
areas which include two or more local authority districts.
393:
389:
3398:) was abolished in the court reform of 1971 when also the
1091:
rivers became true urban centers, they gained, from their
2152:
council chairs are "mayor" (or "lord mayor" in the cases
1298:
Every municipality in Brazil elects a mayor (Portuguese:
4396:"Local elections to begin as soon as economy stabilises"
3716:, are two notable large cities with a ceremonial mayor.
3332:
influenced the Christian one in the early phases of the
3127:
Heads of administration (who have the official title of
2803:
which is the equivalent office in a rural municipality (
1673:
The reeve is also the chief elected official in most of
1998:) of the municipal corporation, except in nine states:
1075:
as new lands were settled by the expanding kingdoms of
4252:"Limerick prepares to vote for directly elected mayor"
2935:
auxiliary units of the city of Warsaw, called quarters
2589:) is the leader of the college of mayor and aldermen (
3783:
is a temporary office created by the charter of some
625:, or lord provosts depending on the local authority.
408:
shares a linguistic origin with the military rank of
2559:
Mayors in Nepal are elected every five years in the
2394:, a municipal, district, or provincial government (
2034:, where mayors are elected directly by the public.
1083:. As fortified settlements in the area between the
651:and have significantly greater powers than either.
16:
Head of municipal government such as a town or city
2474:, the mayor is appointed by the state government.
2400:), and serves as the presidential representative.
2983:, the mayor of a commune, town or city is called
2732:Punong Bayan / Punong Lungsod / Alkalde
1886:was used for the head of the state government of
4691:
4131:"Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil"
2962:
2862:in case of persistent transgression of the law.
2748:List of cities and towns in Poland § Cities
2595:), the municipal executive. In the Netherlands,
2061:
2055:
1311:
1305:
1299:
647:who combine the "civic" mayor role with that of
3945:. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 1 February 2013.
3621:
3615:
3593:
3587:
2342:
2315:
2297:
2279:
2261:
2105:Before 1999, there were administrative cities (
938:. Until 1965 there were also municipal mayors (
899:
877:
863:
686:– lords commanding the king's lands around the
472:for considerably more than a century after the
3766:In the People's Republic of China, the mayor (
3731:In several countries, where there is no local
3726:
3133:, whether or not local law defines it as such)
3012:
3006:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2465:14 officially-recognised cities in the country
2336:
2322:
2304:
2286:
2268:
2112:) which were headed by administrative mayors.
4279:
3767:
3432:
3422:
3389:
3375:
3369:
3355:for the office that is analogous to a mayor.
3319:
3298:
3260:
3181:
3171:
3161:
3149:
3143:
3128:
3090:
3064:
3052:
3042:
3030:
2529:) is the leader of the majority party in the
2257:by the governments are those of the heads of
2203:
2197:
1786:In Germany, local government is regulated by
1717:
1711:
1705:
1199:
1193:
1188:, who were roughly the equivalent of British
1183:
1171:
1165:
1153:
1148:originally was used for simple judges, as in
1143:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
945:
939:
933:
923:
917:
871:
761:
357:
4622:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3487:
3477:
3463:
3445:
3313:
3307:
3285:
3036:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2395:
2389:
1940:were previously elected every four years in
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1820:
1814:
1800:
1769:
1375:
1338:The Brazilian system works similarly to the
1134:
835:
728:
722:
534:charged with administering the serfs of the
415:
4540:"Регионы России: Рейтинг Мэров (Май, 2014)"
2631:
2596:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1878:President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen
1096:
681:
680:mayors or majordomos were – like the Welsh
539:
524:
512:
4652:Municipal Government in Continental Europe
2709:
2696:
2690:
2082:, DPRD Kota; formerly called Tier 2-DPRD (
1167:Alcaldes de la Casa y Corte de Su Majestad
628:
484:. Other boroughs adopted the title later.
364:
350:
4481:
4197:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
4167:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
2929:In addition, an office of quarter mayor (
2555:List of mayors of municipalities in Nepal
2142:Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
834:'lord mayor'. In that city other mayors,
621:the post holders are known as convenors,
4659:
3643:
3116:Heads of federation (commonly governors)
2772:, informally called voivodeship cities.
2140:corporation was called "mayor" from the
1868:First Mayor of the city-state of Hamburg
1227:are the head of the executive branch of
952:
847:Document of 1389 on the election of the
842:
590:, a special recognition bestowed by the
4685:Comparative database of European mayors
4594:
3932:
3930:
3368:, the chief executive is known as both
3312:had slightly different attributes (the
2208:('first citizen'). Every municipality (
1282:List of city corporations in Bangladesh
818:are led by a political official called
567:, mayors are also appointed to English
4692:
4608:
4249:
4125:
4123:
3592:; unofficially the foreign adaptation
2640:in March 2005, but succeeded in 2018.
2592:College van Burgemeester en Wethouders
1873:Präsident des Senats und Bürgermeister
983:Riksrådet ("the Council of the Realm")
414:, both ultimately derived from French
4710:Local government in the United States
4588:
4550:from the original on 20 February 2015
4424:
4300:
4298:
3569:metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
3242:) while cities are headed by mayors (
2144:until boroughs were abolished by the
1695:
661:
135:President of the Council of Ministers
4645:
4494:from the original on 4 November 2014
4437:from the original on 3 November 2021
4008:
4006:
3927:
2482:which come under the purview of the
2172:for a directly elected mayor of the
1207:
981:of 1720 and on 8 July the same year
968:In the 16th century in Sweden, king
743:presidents of the municipal chambers
727:) and a number of mayoral adjuncts (
4231:from the original on 3 October 2021
4120:
3877:
3801:Some cities may also provide for a
3648:Jeffery Schielke has been Mayor of
3286:
3047:– not to be confused with the NATO
2941:) which elects an executive board (
2384:In Kazakhstan, the mayor is called
2080:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota
1700:The mayor of a municipality in the
1135:
13:
4463:from the original on 8 August 2022
4295:
4250:Martyn, Petula (6 February 2024).
4141:from the original on 5 August 2020
2969:President of the Municipal Chamber
1192:. Because of this, the municipal
635:Directly elected mayors in England
14:
4741:
4678:
4406:from the original on 17 June 2018
4376:from the original on 17 June 2018
4316:from the original on 17 June 2018
4108:from the original on 20 June 2023
4003:
3991:from the original on 26 July 2022
2088:Special Capital Region of Jakarta
1692:are also referred to as a reeve.
1583:Municipality of Charlton and Dack
428:
164:Cabinet collective responsibility
73:President of the council of state
3985:www.commonslibrary.parliament.uk
3633:
3318:oversaw an entire province, the
3226:Local Administration Act of 2007
3142:The typical term of office of a
3119:Regional representative councils
2445:by the President of Kazakhstan.
2358:by a popular initiative but the
2146:Local Government Reform Act 2014
1890:until 1951 and was also used in
1304:) and a vice-mayor (Portuguese:
612:Lord Mayor of Sydney (Australia)
4571:
4562:
4532:
4506:
4475:
4449:
4425:Borst, Thomas (16 April 2021).
4418:
4388:
4358:
4328:
4269:
4243:
4213:
4183:
4153:
3821:forms of government, where the
3775:
2492:Minister of Federal Territories
2488:Ministry of Federal Territories
1457:Drummond/North Elmsley Township
489:Municipal Corporations Act 1882
4342:. 13 June 2018. Archived from
4094:
4085:
4046:
4033:
3973:
3948:
3640:Mayoralty in the United States
3628:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
3586:the title "head of the city" (
3479:président du conseil municipal
3405:
2964:Presidente da Câmara Municipal
2717:
2643:
2566:
2196:In Italy, the mayor is called
1880:) are used. However, the term
1412:. Historically, in some small
805:
1:
4488:resurse-pentru-democratie.org
4102:"Eastern Partnership Country"
3899:
3489:président du conseil communal
3252:); both are, however, called
3148:in Russia is four years. The
3136:Local representative councils
2945:) headed by a quarter mayor (
2373:
1356:Municipal elections in Canada
1275:
1257:whilst holding the position.
992:1809 Instrument of Government
775:equivalent of a mayor is the
737:, most of the German states'
565:1974 local government reforms
396:. Worldwide, there is a wide
331:Heads of state and government
4064:attempts at pronouncing the
3956:"Lord Mayor and councillors"
3920:
3688:chief administrative officer
3160:According to Medialogy, the
2484:Malaysian federal government
2037:
1752:Oficina de Bienes Nacionales
1744:Ministerio de Obras Públicas
1234:
1198:was often referred to as an
706:, who later established the
7:
4632:Local government in England
4137:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
4041:A History of Medieval Spain
3850:
3828:
3727:Multi-tier local government
3622:
3616:
3594:
3588:
3402:were officially abolished.
3314:
3308:
3279:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3150:
3144:
3129:
3091:
3065:
3043:
2952:
2846:municipal/town/city council
2710:
2705:, union councillors and by
2697:
2691:
2661:
2448:
2343:
2316:
2298:
2280:
2262:
2094:. Their regions are called
1920:
1894:from 1948 to January 1991.
1493:Township of The Archipelago
1307:vice-prefeito/vice-prefeita
1251:. Mayors have the title of
1005:, there are two mayors, in
140:President of the government
10:
4746:
4673:. London: Longmans, Green.
4091:Corominas, "Alcalde", 127.
3889:Council–manager government
3835:Lists of mayors by country
3662:council-manager government
3637:
3577:
3264:
3261:Spain and Hispanic America
2974:
2745:
2676:, a city is headed by the
2665:
2647:
2608:appointed by the national
2570:
2552:
2536:
2452:
2377:
2127:
1975:
1901:
1781:
1761:
1352:Local government in Canada
1349:
1279:
1216:
1212:
1053:may be seen translated as
665:
632:
569:local government districts
434:
423:
18:
4730:Heads of local government
4615:The government of England
3981:"Directly-elected mayors"
3768:
3706:Charlotte, North Carolina
3538:
3526:
3383:
3248:
3238:
3230:President of Municipality
3199:
3053:
3031:
3024:
3011:) and six sector mayors (
2762:cities with powiat rights
2741:
2337:
2323:
2305:
2287:
2269:
2170:there have been proposals
2162:Local Government Act 2001
1926:
1914:
1897:
1858:Governing Mayor of Berlin
1853:Regierender Bürgermeister
1848:head of state governments
1757:
1345:
1293:
784:
762:
578:Many major cities in the
487:In the 19th century, the
4601:Municipal Administration
3894:Mayor–council government
3666:mayor-council government
3567:) are established. (See
3113:Federation governments:
2916:mayor-council government
2777:mayor–council government
2548:
2516:
2388:, who is the head of an
2240:
2191:
2174:Dublin Metropolitan Area
1971:
1387:
1360:The chief executives of
1340:mayor-council government
1333:relative majority system
1139:), meaning 'the judge'.
1060:
979:Instrument of Government
892:municipalities of Norway
824:, 'mayor'. The mayor of
4596:Fairlie, John Archibald
4288:4 February 2019 at the
2920:city with powiat rights
2872:town/city hall (office)
2368:motion of no confidence
2227:motion of no confidence
2115:
1704:is called indistinctly
1335:(with only one round).
645:directly elected mayors
629:Directly elected mayors
530:) as a position at the
502:In medieval Wales, the
380:is the highest-ranking
4720:Positions of authority
4715:Management occupations
4705:Government occupations
4628:Hirst, Francis Wrigley
4618:. New York: Macmillan.
4604:. New York: Macmillan.
4280:
3653:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3488:
3478:
3464:
3446:
3433:
3423:
3390:
3376:
3370:
3320:
3299:
3037:
3013:
3007:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2963:
2813:They are elected by a
2736:municipality or a city
2731:
2632:
2597:
2586:
2526:
2459:Mayor of Penang Island
2441:
2435:
2429:
2427:from their posts. The
2420:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2234:
2213:
2204:
2198:
2074:), head of a regency (
2062:
2056:
2051:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1821:
1815:
1801:
1778:held every six years.
1770:
1751:
1743:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1376:
1342:in the United States.
1312:
1306:
1300:
1200:
1194:
1184:
1172:
1166:
1154:
1144:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1031:'mayor', from Swedish
1027:
1021:
1015:
965:
946:
940:
934:
924:
918:
900:
878:
872:
864:
851:
836:
760:faction – were led by
729:
723:
682:
540:
525:
513:
416:
21:Mayor (disambiguation)
4306:"Elect local leaders"
4082:, Vol. A-CA (1), 127.
4071:. The old Portuguese
3647:
3614:Since 2015 a post of
3565:Büyükşehir belediyesi
3364:and larger cities in
3103:President (executive)
3100:National government:
3005:has a general mayor (
2666:Further information:
2650:Mayors in New Zealand
2553:Further information:
2521:In Malta, the mayor (
2499:2018 general election
2455:Mayor of Kuala Lumpur
2096:administration cities
1988:municipal corporation
1908:Mayor of Thessaloniki
956:
846:
649:leader of the council
435:Further information:
376:In many countries, a
4655:. New York: Century.
4634:. London: Macmillan.
4579:Urban Affairs Review
4484:"Legea nr. 215/2001"
4227:. 16 November 2020.
3377:presidente municipal
2888:emergency management
2834:Parliament of Poland
2734:) are the head of a
2656:local body elections
2186:2024 local elections
2178:2019 local elections
1863:Erster Bürgermeister
1668:Timiskaming District
1659:Timiskaming District
1650:Timiskaming District
1641:Timiskaming District
1632:Timiskaming District
1623:Timiskaming District
1614:Timiskaming District
1605:Timiskaming District
1596:Timiskaming District
1587:Timiskaming District
1578:Timiskaming District
1574:Chamberlain Township
1569:Timiskaming District
1560:Timiskaming District
1551:Thunder Bay District
1542:Thunder Bay District
1533:Rainy River District
1524:Rainy River District
1515:Rainy River District
1506:Rainy River District
1497:Parry Sound District
1439:North Huron Township
1229:municipal government
1158:, the judges in the
506:codified the mayor (
497:justice of the peace
386:municipal government
326:National governments
160:Government formation
41:Executive government
19:For other uses, see
4610:Lowell, A. Lawrence
4520:on 22 December 2015
4080:Diccionario crítico
4022:5 June 2013 at the
3124:Local governments:
2947:burmistrz dzielnicy
2931:burmistrz dzielnicy
2853:is not uncommon. A
2838:European Parliament
2480:Federal Territories
2472:13 Malaysian states
2134:Republic of Ireland
1951:European Parliament
1679:municipal districts
1664:Village of Thornloe
1484:Tay Valley Township
1374:are termed mayors (
1155:alcaldes del crimen
1071:evolved during the
941:kommunalborgmästare
708:Carolingian dynasty
668:Mayor of the palace
582:and throughout the
33:the Politics series
4589:General references
4310:www.thesundaily.my
4066:emphatic consonant
4028:Nordisk Familjebok
3942:Welsh Medieval Law
3937:Wade-Evans, Arthur
3884:Seat of government
3673:first among equals
3654:
3388:The Swedish title
3239:председник општине
3194:Russian Federation
3041:(transliteration:
2884:elementary schools
2830:voivodeship sejmik
2770:voivodeship sejmik
2695:is elected by the
2247:Local-Autonomy Law
2107:kota administratif
2054:, formerly called
1748:garbage collection
1702:Dominican Republic
1696:Dominican Republic
1520:La Vallee Township
1260:In councils where
1185:alcaldes de barrio
1065:The office of the
1019:'city manager' or
966:
930:magistrates' court
862:the mayoral title
852:
849:Mayor of Stockholm
828:is however called
662:Continental Europe
656:combined authority
468:bore the title of
388:such as that of a
284:Semi-parliamentary
120:Minister-president
93:Head of government
4370:www.malaymail.com
4201:on 3 October 2021
4171:on 3 October 2021
4135:www.senado.leg.br
4056:evolved from the
3652:for over 40 years
3650:Batavia, Illinois
3533:Republic of China
3514:Gemeindepräsident
3330:Iberian Peninsula
3326:municipal council
2855:recall referendum
2822:municipal council
2329:(The head of the
2182:Mayor of Limerick
2100:kota administrasi
1958:Kapodistrias Plan
1883:Oberbürgermeister
1843:Oberbürgermeister
1830:Oberbürgermeister
1803:Oberbürgermeister
1628:Hilliard Township
1601:Gauthier Township
1592:Evaturel Township
1556:Brethour Township
1502:Alberton Township
1475:Montague Township
1448:Beckwith Township
1301:prefeito/prefeita
1208:Mayors by country
1201:alcalde ordinario
1190:parish constables
1150:Andalusian Arabic
962:Mayor of Helsinki
960:(1866–1946), the
793:
741:, and Portugal's
730:adjoints au maire
504:Laws of Hywel Dda
437:Mayors in England
374:
373:
298:Semi-presidential
4737:
4674:
4656:
4635:
4619:
4605:
4582:
4581:52 (4): 501-530.
4575:
4569:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4544:russia-rating.ru
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4516:. Archived from
4514:"Рейтинги мэров"
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4400:The Edge Markets
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4340:The Edge Markets
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4302:
4293:
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4266:
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4150:
4148:
4146:
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4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4052:The second L in
4050:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3952:
3946:
3934:
3878:Local government
3819:committee system
3796:special election
3771:
3770:
3757:City of Brussels
3697:ceremonial mayor
3625:
3619:
3597:
3591:
3573:local elections.
3549:belediye başkanı
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3499:In German: e.g.
3491:
3481:
3467:
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3436:
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3302:
3289:
3288:
3250:
3240:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3153:
3147:
3132:
3107:Federal Assembly
3094:
3083:federal subjects
3075:Saint-Petersburg
3068:
3056:
3055:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3017:), one for each
3016:
3014:primar de sector
3010:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2966:
2943:zarząd dzielnicy
2933:) exists in the
2908:waste management
2896:public transport
2785:prezydent miasta
2760:), including 66
2758:prezydent miasta
2713:
2700:
2694:
2635:
2600:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2423:
2414:
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2393:
2350:
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2346:
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2339:
2331:Tokyo prefecture
2328:
2326:
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2319:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2207:
2202:, or informally
2201:
2136:, the head of a
2065:
2059:
1962:Kallikratis Plan
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1824:
1818:
1806:
1773:
1732:waste collection
1721:
1715:
1709:
1511:Chapple Township
1466:Lanark Highlands
1379:
1377:maires/mairesses
1321:two-round system
1315:
1313:Câmara Municipal
1309:
1303:
1219:Mayor of Yerevan
1203:
1197:
1187:
1176:, a synonym for
1175:
1173:alcaldes mayores
1169:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1127:from the Arabic
1122:
1116:
1110:
1100:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1016:kaupunginjohtaja
949:
943:
937:
927:
921:
903:
881:
875:
867:
839:
788:
786:
767:
766:
732:
726:
685:
543:
528:
516:
462:chief magistrate
419:
366:
359:
352:
306:
294:
280:
263:
251:
28:
27:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4738:
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4735:
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4690:
4689:
4681:
4591:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4546:. 12 May 2014.
4538:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4482:APD-Timișoara.
4480:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4440:
4438:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4402:. 28 May 2018.
4394:
4393:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4346:on 17 June 2018
4334:
4333:
4329:
4319:
4317:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4290:Wayback Machine
4275:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4191:"PDF.js viewer"
4189:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4159:
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4154:
4144:
4142:
4129:
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4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4051:
4047:
4038:
4034:
4024:Wayback Machine
4011:
4004:
3994:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3914:Praefectus urbi
3902:
3880:
3853:
3831:
3815:council-manager
3778:
3741:arrondissements
3729:
3642:
3636:
3580:
3541:
3529:
3408:
3400:towns of Sweden
3386:
3290:), i.e., 'the (
3269:
3263:
3202:
3029:In Russia, the
3027:
2977:
2955:
2876:register office
2818:direct election
2750:
2744:
2720:
2670:
2664:
2652:
2646:
2575:
2569:
2561:local elections
2557:
2551:
2539:
2519:
2461:
2451:
2382:
2376:
2347:
2334:
2333:is the Governor
2320:
2302:
2284:
2266:
2243:
2205:primo cittadino
2194:
2130:
2118:
2084:DPRD Tingkat II
2040:
1980:
1974:
1942:local elections
1910:
1904:Mayor of Athens
1900:
1784:
1776:local elections
1766:
1760:
1698:
1637:Hudson Township
1619:Harris Township
1610:Harley Township
1547:Gilles Township
1538:Dorion Township
1529:Morley Township
1430:Howick Township
1390:
1367:arrondissements
1358:
1348:
1296:
1284:
1278:
1254:His/Her Worship
1237:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1063:
808:
674:
664:
637:
631:
614:, are elected.
555:The mayor of a
474:Norman Conquest
443:
441:Mayors in Wales
431:
426:
370:
340:Politics portal
300:
286:
274:
257:
245:
226:
196:
166:
162:
158:
144:
105:Chief executive
77:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4743:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4679:External links
4677:
4676:
4675:
4665:Webb, Beatrice
4657:
4643:
4624:Redlich, Josef
4620:
4606:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4570:
4561:
4531:
4505:
4474:
4448:
4417:
4387:
4357:
4327:
4294:
4268:
4242:
4225:Agência Brasil
4212:
4195:www.tse.jus.br
4182:
4165:www.tse.jus.br
4152:
4119:
4093:
4084:
4045:
4032:
4002:
3972:
3960:City of Sydney
3947:
3925:
3924:
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3919:
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3917:
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3898:
3897:
3896:
3891:
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3879:
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3864:
3859:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3830:
3827:
3777:
3774:
3751:. In Belgium,
3728:
3725:
3638:Main article:
3635:
3632:
3579:
3576:
3540:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:Gemeindeammann
3502:Stadtpräsident
3497:
3442:
3417:The title is:
3407:
3404:
3385:
3382:
3265:Main article:
3262:
3259:
3218:prime minister
3201:
3198:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3035:, from French
3026:
3023:
3008:primar general
2998:consiliu local
2976:
2973:
2954:
2951:
2939:rada dzielnicy
2912:city treasurer
2860:prime minister
2826:county council
2811:
2810:
2795:
2790:a town mayor (
2788:
2783:a city mayor (
2743:
2740:
2719:
2716:
2703:union councils
2663:
2660:
2648:Main article:
2645:
2642:
2571:Main article:
2568:
2565:
2550:
2547:
2538:
2535:
2518:
2515:
2497:Following the
2450:
2447:
2378:Main article:
2375:
2372:
2311:, and Tokyo's
2242:
2239:
2193:
2190:
2129:
2126:
2117:
2114:
2039:
2036:
2016:Madhya Pradesh
1976:Main article:
1973:
1970:
1899:
1896:
1783:
1780:
1764:Mayor (France)
1762:Main article:
1759:
1756:
1697:
1694:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1655:Kerns Township
1652:
1646:James Township
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1565:Casey Township
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
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1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
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1394:municipalities
1389:
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1347:
1344:
1295:
1292:
1277:
1274:
1236:
1233:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1062:
1059:
998:) until 1965.
988:Age of Liberty
964:, in the 1930s
958:Arthur Castrén
831:overborgmester
816:municipalities
807:
804:
750:Medieval Italy
663:
660:
633:Main article:
630:
627:
580:United Kingdom
573:borough status
547:The office of
430:
429:United Kingdom
427:
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422:
372:
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336:
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328:
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295:
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127:
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115:First minister
112:
110:Chief minister
107:
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63:Supreme leader
60:
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4088:
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4049:
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4039:O'Callaghan,
4036:
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4009:
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3990:
3986:
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3811:mayor-council
3807:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3787:governments.
3786:
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3773:
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3658:United States
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3283:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3255:
3254:gradonačelnik
3251:
3249:градоначелник
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
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3211:
3207:
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2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
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2897:
2893:
2892:civil defense
2889:
2885:
2881:
2880:kindergartens
2877:
2873:
2868:
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2852:
2847:
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2807:
2806:gmina wiejska
2802:
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2607:
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2584:
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2580:
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2534:
2532:
2531:local council
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
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2468:
2466:
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2422:
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2408:
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2398:
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2387:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2332:
2318:
2314:
2313:special wards
2300:
2296:
2282:
2278:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:strong mayors
2248:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2057:walikotamadya
2053:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:Uttar Pradesh
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1978:Mayor (India)
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:Saxony-Anhalt
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:public spaces
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:prison warden
1720:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
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1536:
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1527:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Lanark County
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Lanark County
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:Lanark County
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Lanark County
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:Lanark County
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:gubernatorial
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:mayoral chain
1241:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1046:ylipormestari
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1022:kunnanjohtaja
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
963:
959:
955:
951:
948:
942:
936:
931:
926:
920:
916:
911:
909:
908:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
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870:
866:
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857:
850:
845:
841:
838:
833:
832:
827:
823:
822:
817:
813:
803:
801:
797:
791:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
731:
725:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
679:
676:The original
673:
669:
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652:
650:
646:
642:
636:
626:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
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558:
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537:
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529:
527:
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509:
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379:
367:
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348:
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329:
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324:
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322:
321:
317:
316:
311:
308:
304:
299:
296:
292:
291:
285:
282:
278:
273:
272:Parliamentary
270:
268:
265:
261:
260:Parliamentary
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
235:
232:
231:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
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204:
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193:
190:
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185:
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182:
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177:
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169:
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138:
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128:
126:
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98:
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84:
81:
80:
74:
71:
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66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
53:
52:
49:
48:Head of state
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4669:
4661:Webb, Sidney
4651:
4647:Shaw, Albert
4631:
4614:
4600:
4578:
4573:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4543:
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:the original
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4487:
4477:
4465:. Retrieved
4459:. May 2021.
4451:
4439:. Retrieved
4430:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4399:
4390:
4378:. Retrieved
4369:
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4344:the original
4339:
4330:
4318:. Retrieved
4309:
4276:(in Italian)
4271:
4259:. Retrieved
4255:
4245:
4233:. Retrieved
4224:
4215:
4203:. Retrieved
4199:the original
4194:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:the original
4164:
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4134:
4110:. Retrieved
4096:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4017:(in Swedish)
4014:
4013:The article
3993:. Retrieved
3984:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3959:
3950:
3940:
3912:
3905:
3857:Acting (law)
3840:Deputy mayor
3823:city manager
3808:
3803:deputy mayor
3800:
3789:
3781:Acting mayor
3780:
3779:
3776:Acting mayor
3765:
3730:
3721:
3718:
3696:
3692:
3684:strong mayor
3683:
3681:
3677:city council
3670:
3655:
3613:
3600:
3589:misky holova
3581:
3542:
3530:
3421:In Italian:
3416:
3412:municipality
3409:
3387:
3360:
3357:
3342:
3340:
3333:
3271:
3270:
3253:
3243:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3203:
3191:
3186:
3159:
3154:
3141:
3087:
3058:
3028:
2978:
2956:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2928:
2900:water supply
2864:
2851:cohabitation
2812:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2774:
2757:
2751:
2721:
2685:
2680:
2671:
2653:
2633:gemeenteraad
2623:gemeenteraad
2621:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2598:burgemeester
2590:
2587:burgemeester
2576:
2573:Burgemeester
2558:
2540:
2520:
2496:
2476:Kuala Lumpur
2469:
2462:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2385:
2383:
2353:
2254:
2244:
2224:
2217:
2195:
2131:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2092:the governor
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2041:
2004:Chhattisgarh
1981:
1955:
1931:
1911:
1832:as well. In
1829:
1827:
1808:
1802:
1785:
1767:
1699:
1690:Saskatchewan
1683:
1672:
1443:Huron County
1434:Huron County
1410:deputy reeve
1409:
1405:
1391:
1383:
1365:
1359:
1337:
1325:presidential
1318:
1297:
1285:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1238:
1222:
1178:
1159:
1141:
1128:
1093:feudal lords
1066:
1064:
1054:
1051:city manager
1050:
1000:
967:
912:
905:
895:
868:
865:borgermester
853:
829:
819:
809:
770:
747:
739:burgomasters
717:, since the
712:
675:
653:
638:
616:
584:Commonwealth
577:
560:
557:town council
554:
546:
541:maer biswail
536:king's lands
532:royal courts
523:
511:
501:
492:
486:
454:
444:
432:
409:
405:
403:
377:
375:
310:Presidential
289:
216:
205:
178:
153:
91:
25:
4498:13 December
4015:Borgmästare
3995:14 December
3872:World Mayor
3862:Burgomaster
3749:Mexico City
3710:Minneapolis
3702:New England
3508:Stadtammann
3444:In French:
3406:Switzerland
3396:burgomaster
3391:borgmästare
3347:is used in
3335:Reconquista
3168:Novosibirsk
3057:– English:
2867:liabilities
2724:Philippines
2718:Philippines
2644:New Zealand
2628:burgomaster
2579:Netherlands
2567:Netherlands
2503:George Town
2360:prefectural
2032:Uttarakhand
1992:corporators
1892:East Berlin
1888:West Berlin
1796:EU citizens
1728:direct vote
1323:, like the
1262:councillors
1073:Reconquista
1034:borgmästare
970:Gustav Vasa
919:borgmästare
873:borgmästare
806:Scandinavia
754:city-states
721:, a mayor (
688:Merovingian
571:which have
290:simul simul
277:Westminster
267:Directorial
4694:Categories
4062:Portuguese
4043:, 269-271.
3907:Schultheiß
3900:Historical
3743:of Paris,
3693:weak mayor
3609:Sevastopol
3601:ex officio
3361:municipios
3344:intendente
3305:Andalusian
3079:Sevastopol
2842:ex officio
2746:See also:
2726:, mayors (
2686:naib nazim
2486:, via the
2453:See also:
2374:Kazakhstan
2048:Indonesian
1902:See also:
1350:See also:
1288:Bangladesh
1286:Mayors in
1280:See also:
1276:Bangladesh
1270:lord mayor
1266:Queensland
1223:Mayors in
1217:See also:
1179:corregidor
1161:audiencias
1040:pormestari
1028:pormestari
974:Charles XI
925:rådhusrätt
907:ordförande
894:. The top
888:magistrate
837:borgmestre
826:Copenhagen
821:borgmester
758:Ghibelline
719:Revolution
713:In modern
690:courts in
666:See also:
588:lord mayor
493:ex officio
482:Winchester
222:Presidency
100:Chancellor
83:Government
4235:3 October
4205:3 October
4175:3 October
4145:3 October
4058:Castilian
3921:Citations
3792:incumbent
3785:municipal
3714:Minnesota
3494:Neuchâtel
3349:Argentina
3296:Castilian
3222:president
3003:Bucharest
2904:treatment
2815:two-round
2792:burmistrz
2154:of Dublin
2076:kabupaten
2052:wali kota
2046:, mayor (
2044:Indonesia
2038:Indonesia
2028:Telangana
2012:Jharkhand
1947:elections
1933:dēmarchos
1921:dēmarchoi
1810:kreisfrei
1423:townships
1414:townships
1398:townships
1392:In a few
1235:Australia
1142:The word
947:magistrat
935:magistrat
704:Pippinids
692:Austrasia
592:sovereign
478:King John
470:portreeve
404:The term
192:Secretary
168:Secretary
68:President
4667:(1908).
4649:(1895).
4639: ;
4630:(1903).
4612:(1908).
4598:(1910).
4548:Archived
4492:Archived
4467:8 August
4461:Archived
4435:Archived
4404:Archived
4374:Archived
4314:Archived
4286:Archived
4256:RTÉ News
4229:Archived
4139:Archived
4106:Archived
4020:Archived
3989:Archived
3867:Sarpanch
3851:Concepts
3845:Governor
3829:See also
3753:Brussels
3745:Montreal
3737:boroughs
3733:autonomy
3617:starosta
3543:Mayors (
3474:Fribourg
3439:Grigioni
3353:Paraguay
3303:and the
3210:Belgrade
2959:Portugal
2953:Portugal
2924:starosta
2678:district
2674:Pakistan
2662:Pakistan
2606:de facto
2543:Chișinău
2449:Malaysia
2356:recalled
2295:villages
2245:Japan's
2164:allowed
2063:walikota
1949:for the
1927:δήμαρχος
1924:, sing.
1915:δήμαρχοι
1912:Mayors (
1834:Saarland
1768:Mayors (
1686:Manitoba
1418:at-large
1362:boroughs
1125:borrowed
1114:alcaldes
1011:Pirkkala
901:ordfører
884:alderman
802:').
785:δήμαρχος
764:podestàs
735:sindacos
700:Neustria
696:Burgundy
678:Frankish
623:provosts
619:Scotland
604:Brisbane
398:variance
382:official
255:Republic
243:Monarchy
212:Governor
187:Minister
180:Ministry
31:Part of
4554:14 June
4524:14 June
4441:24 June
4410:17 June
4380:17 June
4350:17 June
4320:17 June
4261:8 March
4076:alcalde
4073:cognate
4054:alcalde
3965:30 July
3761:Antwerp
3675:on the
3623:hromada
3584:Ukraine
3578:Ukraine
3561:Turkish
3553:Turkish
3545:Turkish
3531:In the
3434:podestà
3424:sindaco
3371:alcalde
3321:alcalde
3300:alcalde
3281:al-qaḍi
3272:Alcalde
3267:Alcalde
3245:Serbian
3235:Serbian
2981:Romania
2975:Romania
2858:by the
2836:or the
2766:voivode
2728:Tagalog
2722:In the
2618:monarch
2616:by the
2614:de jure
2610:cabinet
2577:In the
2537:Moldova
2523:Maltese
2397:mayorat
2231:Italian
2210:Italian
2199:sindaco
2160:). The
2158:of Cork
2138:borough
2132:In the
2128:Ireland
2008:Haryana
1822:Landrat
1816:Landrat
1782:Germany
1722:(lit. '
1719:alcaide
1713:síndico
1707:alcalde
1675:Alberta
1402:Ontario
1225:Armenia
1213:Armenia
1195:alcalde
1145:alcalde
1130:al-qaḍi
1120:alcalde
1081:Castile
1068:Alcalde
1007:Tampere
1003:Finland
896:elected
879:rådmann
812:Denmark
798:of the
792:
777:demarch
672:Podestà
641:reforms
600:Cardiff
596:Belfast
586:have a
460:). The
457:borough
447:bailiff
424:History
234:Systems
155:Cabinet
125:Premier
58:Monarch
4725:Titles
4700:Mayors
4641:Vol.II
4637:Vol. I
3747:, and
3708:, and
3539:Turkey
3527:Taiwan
3484:Valais
3465:syndic
3452:Geneva
3429:Ticino
3384:Sweden
3374:or as
3366:Mexico
3292:Sharia
3276:Arabic
3224:. The
3214:Serbia
3206:Serbia
3200:Serbia
3071:Moscow
3025:Russia
3019:sector
2992:primar
2989:. The
2986:primar
2918:.In a
2906:, and
2874:, the
2844:. The
2832:, the
2742:Poland
2711:nazims
2707:tehsil
2698:nazims
2638:Senate
2527:sindku
2511:Melaka
2391:akimat
2299:sonchō
2281:chōchō
2263:shichō
2259:cities
2235:giunta
2219:comune
2214:comune
2176:. The
2166:county
2072:bupati
2068:regent
2020:Odisha
1938:Greece
1898:Greece
1870:) and
1850:, but
1792:Bremen
1771:maires
1758:France
1736:upkeep
1404:, the
1372:Quebec
1346:Canada
1294:Brazil
1268:, the
1247:and a
1182:; and
915:Sweden
886:' or '
860:Sweden
856:Norway
796:archon
752:, the
715:France
698:, and
639:Since
608:Dublin
606:, and
466:London
417:majeur
4112:5 May
3557:belde
3447:maire
3178:Kazan
3060:major
3054:Майор
3051:rank
3038:maire
2754:gmina
2692:nazim
2681:nazim
2668:Nazim
2583:Dutch
2549:Nepal
2517:Malta
2436:akims
2430:akims
2344:Chiji
2317:kuchō
2277:towns
2255:mayor
2241:Japan
2192:Italy
2000:Bihar
1996:wards
1984:India
1972:India
1966:Crete
1936:) in
1788:state
1406:reeve
1388:Reeve
1370:) in
1103:Latin
1098:iudex
1089:Tagus
1085:Douro
1061:Spain
1055:mayor
794:'
781:Greek
773:Greek
724:maire
683:meiri
549:mayor
520:Welsh
514:maior
508:Latin
451:reeve
411:major
406:mayor
392:or a
384:in a
378:mayor
318:Lists
217:Mayor
206:Other
4556:2014
4526:2014
4500:2014
4469:2022
4443:2021
4412:2018
4382:2018
4352:2018
4322:2018
4263:2024
4237:2021
4207:2021
4177:2021
4147:2021
4114:2023
4060:and
3997:2020
3967:2024
3607:and
3605:Kyiv
3470:Vaud
3460:Bern
3456:Jura
3351:and
3315:qaḍi
3309:qaḍi
3287:قاضي
3220:and
3077:and
3049:OF-3
2971:').
2902:and
2890:and
2882:and
2870:the
2828:, a
2800:wójt
2604:are
2509:and
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