3218:
3636:
2440:
4089:
3098:
3823:
148:
3484:
2396:
3841:
4288:
3808:
4274:
1986:
1382:
3090:
3610:
2869:
32:
2492:
2759:
2629:, a female of the family could succeed (semi-Salic law). In most realms, daughters and sisters were eligible to succeed a ruling kinsman before more distant male relatives (male-preference primogeniture), but sometimes the husband of the heiress became the ruler, and most often also received the title,
3852:
The concept of monarchy existed in the
Americas long before the arrival of European colonialists. When the Europeans arrived they referred to these tracts of land within territories of different aboriginal groups to be kingdoms, and the leaders of these groups were often referred to by the Europeans
3112:
different titles were used by nobles exercising various degrees of sovereignty within their borders (see below). Such titles were granted or recognized by the emperor or pope. Adoption of a new title to indicate sovereign or semi-sovereign status was not always recognized by other governments or
2587:), with a preference for children over siblings, and sons over daughters. In Europe, some peoples practiced equal division of land and regalian rights among sons or brothers, as in the Germanic states of the Holy Roman Empire, until after the
2650:
As the average life span increased, the eldest son was more likely to reach majority age before the death of his father, and primogeniture became increasingly favored over proximity, tanistry, seniority, and election.
3605:
is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers, since 1962. The Prime
Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet.
4399:
2094:
is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule. Monarchs' actual powers vary from one monarchy to another and in different eras; on one extreme, they may be
2983:
continues to hold a hereditary title and an influential cultural position in contemporary South Africa, although he has no direct political power. Other tribes in the country, such as the
4720:
L Gomes. 1889: como um imperador cansado, um marechal vaidoso e um professor injustiçado contribuĂram para a o fim da monarquia e programação da republica no Brasil. Globo Livros. 2013.
3571:
had a complex system of monarchies from 543 BC to 1815. Between 47â42 BC, Anula of Sri Lanka became the country's first female head of state as well as Asia's first head of state.
3042:
3586:
rotated every five years among the nine Rulers of the Malay states of
Malaysia (those nine of the thirteen states of Malaysia that have hereditary royal rulers), elected by
2739:
Whatever the rules of succession, there have been many cases of a monarch being overthrown and replaced by a usurper who would often install his own family on the throne.
2705:, succession to the throne usually first passes to the monarch's next eldest brother and so on through his other brothers, and only after them to the monarch's children (
4599:
3784:
3401:
633:
2356:". In cases where the monarch serves mostly as a ceremonial figure (e.g., most modern constitutional monarchies), real leadership does not depend on the monarch.
6336:
4321:
4519:
4390:
4225:
is the only remaining sovereign kingdom in
Oceania. It has had a monarch since the 10th century and became a constitutional monarchy in 1875. In 2008, King
3950:
claims descent from an
African dynasty that was taken from its homeland and sold into slavery. Though largely a ceremonial title today, the position of
2736:), meaning that the monarch is elected instead of assuming office due to direct inheritance. Rules and laws regarding election vary country to country.
4689:
3422:, who was forced to abdicate the throne as a result of a revolution in Iran. In fact the Persian (Iranian) kingdom goes back to about 2,700 BC (see
3939:
relationship under a shared monarch. Therefore, though today there are legally ten
American monarchs, one person occupies each distinct position.
2670:, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, whether female or male, ascends to the throne. Other nations have since adopted this practice:
4367:
5384:
5212:
5127:
4866:
2352:. A principal advantage of hereditary monarchy is the immediate continuity of national leadership, as illustrated in the classic phrase "
3517:
was elevated to Crown Prince. The Saudi
Arabian government has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, and designates itself as
2014:
3662:
3120:
During the nineteenth century, many small monarchies in Europe merged with other territories to form larger entities, and following
5281:
3501:
is the largest Arab state in
Western Asia by land area and the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria). It was founded by
4781:
3132:, but of those remaining, all except Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Vatican City, and Monaco were headed by a king or queen.
5599:
3698:
1274:
4871:
3935:
Between 1931 and 1983, nine other previous
British colonies attained independence as kingdoms. All, including Canada, are in a
3217:
2414:
1240:
4667:
5651:
5206:
4762:
4743:
2807:
culture, apparently influencing the customs of Egypt itself. From the 6th to 19th centuries, Egypt was variously part of the
2353:
867:
841:
5616:
4790:
4623:
4836:
3635:
2915:
2876:
1410:
6104:
4591:
2858:
826:
426:
6109:
2306:
3924:
from 1849 to 1859. In South
America, Brazil had a royal house ruling as emperor between 1822 and 1889, under emperors
2713:), the monarch chooses who will be his successor within the royal family, who need not necessarily be his eldest son.
549:
96:
5374:
4347:
4329:
3640:
3628:
from 1863 to 1953. It returned to an absolute monarchy from 1953 until the establishment of a republic following the
2359:
A form of government may, in fact, be hereditary without being considered a monarchy, such as a family dictatorship.
1882:
115:
3404:
continue to participate in numerous traditional ceremonies, and groups exist to preserve Korea's imperial heritage.
2439:
68:
5919:
4057:
3505:
in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured
1488:
4489:
3049:. So-called "sub-national monarchies" of varying sizes can be found all over the rest of the continent, e.g., the
6442:
5317:
4861:
4511:
3993:
3989:
3753:) was elected and thereafter became a hereditary absolute monarchy. It became a constitutional monarchy in 2008.
3724:
3710:
3632:. The monarchy was restored as a constitutional monarchy in 1993 with the king as a largely symbolic figurehead.
3625:
1281:
872:
4088:
3521:. The King bears the title "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to the two holiest places in Islam:
668:
5896:
5399:
4638:
4464:
2007:
1877:
1655:
1503:
996:
589:
75:
53:
4163:
5733:
4707:
4550:
3352:
as a collection of nationalistic legends. The monarchs of Goguryeo and some monarchs of Silla used the title
2556:
2368:
1892:
217:
147:
3624:
has been a kingdom since the 1st century. The power of the absolute monarchy was reduced when it became the
3423:
3097:
2960:
were largely isolated from other regions until the modern era, but they did later feature kingdoms like the
6387:
5369:
5357:
4876:
4212:
4154:, a constitutional monarchy, from 1871 to 1874 when he voluntarily ceded sovereignty of the islands to the
2528:
1641:
1473:
1444:
708:
4799:
3075:
from amongst a finite collection of royal princes of the realm upon the death or removal of an incumbent.
6250:
6164:
6059:
5974:
5891:
5389:
5261:
5116:
2840:
2774:
1945:
1058:
82:
4808:
2603:
was succeeded by his eldest son or, if he had none, by his brother, his daughters or sons of daughters.
6397:
6312:
5901:
5799:
4111:
from ancient times. The title is variously translated as "supreme chief", "paramount chief" or "king".
3802:
2540:
2464:
2274:, etc. While traditionally most monarchs have been male, female monarchs have also ruled, and the term
2173:
1478:
1449:
1230:
1053:
862:
742:
6089:
411:
6367:
6054:
5989:
5979:
5964:
5299:
5246:
5156:
3544:
2516:
2302:
2000:
1605:
1235:
1090:
836:
496:
6189:
4736:
The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence 1801â1804
441:
64:
5809:
5789:
5754:
5707:
5661:
5013:
4829:
4359:
3732:
3723:, the country was ceded to the United States of America and made into a territory and eventually a
3720:
3464:
and Bhutan are like the United Kingdom in that they are constitutional monarchies ruled by a king.
2552:
2484:
2213:
2072:
2071:
from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may
1720:
1610:
1403:
579:
529:
336:
49:
20:
2246:. Most monarchs, both historically and in the present day, have been born and brought up within a
678:
5687:
5379:
5362:
5352:
5327:
5171:
4897:
4247:
4197:
3913:
3408:
2520:
2126:
1650:
952:
559:
227:
42:
2293:
but otherwise serves as any other monarch. Historical examples of elective monarchy include the
6407:
6322:
6169:
5881:
5814:
5682:
5631:
5563:
5463:
5453:
5251:
5186:
4993:
4922:
3947:
3644:
3629:
3418:
that used the title of "Shahanshah" (or "King of Kings"). The last Iranian Shahanshah was King
2931:
2636:
2405:
2076:
2050:, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Usually a monarch either personally
1887:
1829:
1775:
1323:
1070:
831:
638:
294:
4237:
3563:(absolute King) is the absolute word to render a monarch and is superior to all other titles.
2371:, positions held simultaneously by the Roman Catholic bishop of Urgel (Spain) and the elected
6457:
6392:
6372:
6352:
6215:
6179:
6134:
6079:
5871:
5866:
5641:
5588:
5413:
5322:
5291:
5231:
5181:
4963:
4953:
4240:
was established in 1858. The role is largely cultural and ceremonial and has no legal power.
4083:
4069:
4005:
3735:
retain their titles only for ceremonial purposes but are considered ordinary citizens by the
3579:
3419:
2572:
2568:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2423:
2380:
2326:
2310:
1707:
1540:
1156:
1100:
732:
175:
5543:
4229:
relinquished most of the powers of the monarchy and the position is now largely ceremonial.
3822:
3104:
was the monarch of independent countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas.
663:
451:
6377:
6296:
6260:
6210:
6069:
5994:
5779:
5656:
5448:
5223:
5201:
5196:
5161:
5103:
4147:
4137:
4001:
3917:
3591:
3473:
3129:
3084:
3072:
2943:
2753:
2721:
2610:
practiced among Celtic tribes was semi-elective and gave weight also to ability and merit.
2548:
2495:
Postcard from 1908 showing nineteen of the world's reigning monarchs: (left to right) King
2452:
2334:
2318:
2242:
is political or sociocultural in nature, and is generally (but not always) associated with
1817:
1688:
1678:
1663:
1590:
1508:
1183:
813:
802:
752:
713:
703:
3483:
653:
643:
461:
8:
6402:
6347:
6184:
6174:
6159:
6149:
6114:
6044:
5959:
5929:
5876:
5593:
5347:
5342:
5241:
5236:
5003:
4958:
4917:
4822:
4061:
3007:
2472:
2372:
2255:
2243:
2189:
1929:
1839:
1693:
1595:
1545:
1483:
1396:
1328:
786:
773:
760:
284:
4342:
Webster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707.
3942:
In addition to these sovereign states, there are also a number of sub-national ones. In
3834:
486:
436:
6301:
6124:
6119:
6084:
6064:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6004:
5999:
5944:
5851:
5697:
5568:
5458:
5438:
5394:
5337:
5332:
5309:
5276:
5266:
5256:
5138:
4778:
3929:
3921:
3826:
3811:
3514:
3212:
3025:
are sovereign monarchies under dynasties that are native to the continent. Places like
2980:
2947:
2872:
2824:
2640:
2512:
2504:
2468:
2294:
2259:
2137:
1967:
1560:
1348:
1225:
1166:
1095:
893:
880:
854:
511:
356:
222:
6452:
6437:
6432:
6327:
6317:
6280:
6154:
6139:
6014:
5984:
5954:
5949:
5924:
5861:
5856:
5846:
5717:
5666:
5553:
5548:
5271:
4907:
4892:
4758:
4739:
4701:
4452:
Edmund Spenser. A View of the State of Ireland. From the first printed edition (1633)
4343:
4301:
4259:
4162:
retained the British monarch as head of state until it became a republic following a
4130:
4115:
4096:
4033:
3925:
3886:
3830:
3736:
3728:
3709:
became the sovereign while local rulers often retained their prestige as part of the
3706:
3548:
3447:
3435:
3431:
3292:(king), was a Chinese royal style used in many states rising from the dissolution of
3109:
2717:
2592:
2508:
2432:
2286:
2267:
2099:
2084:
2068:
1962:
1636:
1498:
1493:
1454:
1427:
1353:
1338:
1257:
947:
818:
765:
747:
693:
673:
658:
648:
481:
466:
416:
396:
264:
212:
207:
185:
180:
132:
89:
4659:
4123:
3390:(prince) can refer to the dethroned rulers of the Joseon dynasty as well. Under the
2395:
2387:
is considered a monarch despite only holding the position for five years at a time.
6343:
6307:
6225:
6049:
5819:
5764:
5727:
5702:
5692:
5626:
5578:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5478:
5473:
5166:
4912:
4208:
4185:
4159:
4029:
3997:
3815:
3614:
3602:
3530:
3328:
Wanggeom founded the first kingdom, Gojoseon. Some scholars maintain that the term
3242:
2961:
2939:
2935:
2923:
2896:
2888:
2832:
2808:
2197:
2193:
2185:
1912:
1668:
1522:
1365:
1264:
1213:
698:
613:
309:
279:
232:
4572:
3793:
was a monarchy for most of its history until becoming a federal republic in 2008.
3414:
In modern history, between 1925 and 1979, Iran was ruled by two emperors from the
3234:
6447:
6220:
5969:
5939:
5934:
5794:
5784:
5749:
5739:
5722:
5558:
5513:
5428:
5146:
5121:
4968:
4803:
4785:
4627:
4620:
4279:
4189:
4151:
3665:
3522:
3492:
3427:
3415:
3230:
2976:
2957:
2900:
2836:
2695:
2560:
2047:
1990:
1972:
1797:
1782:
1386:
957:
885:
849:
781:
688:
683:
628:
501:
476:
421:
3458:
in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen.
3093:
A map of Europe exhibiting the continent's monarchies (red) and republics (blue)
3010:, seven European countries invaded and colonized most of the African continent.
2595:) into the 19th century. Other European realms practiced one or another form of
2054:
the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as
6362:
6144:
6129:
6094:
5834:
5829:
5712:
5646:
5518:
5176:
5151:
5056:
4973:
4927:
4293:
4226:
4155:
4141:
3936:
3760:
3702:
3439:
3184:
3164:
3038:
2953:
2927:
2919:
2904:
2884:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2691:
2626:
2618:
2580:
2524:
2444:
2298:
2229:
2145:
1868:
1787:
1741:
1683:
1195:
1117:
623:
381:
304:
259:
3715:
2991:, have also had and continue to have a series of kings and chiefs (namely the
2868:
6426:
6009:
5774:
5769:
5191:
5049:
5008:
4988:
4243:
4092:
4019:
3877:
3727:, thus ending monarchism. While the Philippines is currently a republic, the
3510:
3391:
3297:
3188:
3067:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3003:) whose local precedence is recognised, but who exercise no legal authority.
2988:
2892:
2854:
2785:
2644:
2596:
2564:
2496:
2345:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2221:
2161:
2114:
2110:
2032:
1792:
1770:
1745:
1575:
1313:
1208:
1188:
1178:
991:
516:
506:
446:
406:
401:
242:
5538:
4577:
Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert - Collaborative Translation Project
3513:; succession to the throne was limited to sons of Ibn Saud until 2015, when
6099:
5621:
5583:
5483:
5066:
4177:
3840:
3776:
3764:
3498:
3443:
3434:. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of
3266:
3180:
3125:
3101:
2984:
2972:
2850:
2796:
2702:
2588:
2330:
2247:
1555:
1173:
1048:
1013:
797:
618:
491:
456:
314:
4757:. Miami, Florida: Librairie Au Service de la Culture. pp. 33â35, 60.
4391:"Explained: Malaysia is the world's only monarchy of its kind. Here's why"
3912:
The first local monarch to emerge in North America after colonization was
3807:
3767:
following the Mongol invasion in the 13th century and became an effective
3360:, meaning "Greatest King". The early monarchs of Silla used the titles of
2639:. In more complex medieval cases, the sometimes conflicting principles of
1107:
6331:
5840:
5636:
5528:
5523:
5443:
5034:
5018:
4233:
4216:
4201:
4173:
4053:
4045:
3902:
3895:
3891:
3746:
3658:
3552:
3455:
3270:
3262:
3168:
3148:
3121:
3062:
2968:
2846:
2762:
2671:
2631:
2532:
2141:
2103:
2080:
2051:
2035:
1859:
1824:
1727:
1715:
1580:
1343:
1308:
1080:
1038:
984:
942:
912:
737:
471:
351:
252:
4273:
3609:
2340:
In recent centuries, many states have abolished the monarchy and become
1985:
1381:
5886:
5824:
5743:
4983:
4948:
4481:
3864:
3780:
3772:
3488:
3451:
3172:
3026:
2687:
2584:
2536:
2448:
2349:
2209:
2122:
2039:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1673:
1535:
1200:
1151:
1075:
569:
391:
319:
170:
3089:
1006:
6245:
6235:
5804:
5111:
4998:
4169:
4102:
4009:
3868:
3845:
3693:
3568:
3114:
2908:
2635:. Spain today continues this model of succession law, in the form of
2614:
2271:
2118:
2095:
2063:
1834:
1732:
1615:
1570:
1550:
1333:
1318:
1269:
1220:
1129:
1085:
1065:
1033:
977:
967:
922:
917:
539:
346:
329:
299:
2799:. In the same time period several kingdoms flourished in the nearby
2694:
adopted absolute (equal) primogeniture on April 25, 2013, following
31:
6382:
6265:
6255:
6074:
5573:
4845:
4024:
3873:
3621:
3575:
3502:
3461:
3301:
3293:
3274:
3222:
3136:
3022:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2696:
agreement by the prime ministers of the sixteen Commonwealth Realms
2625:, in the event of the demise of all legitimate male members of the
2607:
2544:
2500:
2480:
2384:
2341:
2314:
2290:
2239:
2201:
2169:
2107:
2043:
1957:
1917:
1600:
1585:
1565:
1434:
1303:
1247:
1112:
972:
341:
274:
139:
4542:
2491:
2451:, photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: King
6275:
6230:
6205:
5759:
5468:
5086:
5039:
4978:
4902:
4779:
A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles
4049:
4041:
3976:
3943:
3860:
3768:
3518:
3355:
3246:
3226:
3200:
3196:
3144:
3140:
3058:
3034:
3018:
3014:
2862:
2804:
2781:
2770:
2683:
2679:
2376:
2251:
2233:
2181:
2177:
1872:
1530:
1360:
1252:
1161:
1043:
1001:
962:
431:
289:
269:
237:
3908:
Sha-quan â King of the world used in some Native American tribes
3043:
king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2758:
2046:. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the
6357:
6270:
5533:
5433:
5076:
4932:
4255:
4251:
4193:
4119:
4065:
4037:
3984:
3779:
from 1724 until 1912 when it gained de facto independence. The
3742:
3598:
3534:
3506:
3465:
3334:
also refers to a title used by all rulers of Gojoseon and that
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3192:
3176:
3160:
3152:
2993:
2812:
2710:
2675:
2655:
2225:
2165:
2091:
2057:
1922:
1864:
1762:
1291:
324:
4796:
4814:
4809:
African Kingdoms Imperial Throne Leadership and Enthronements
4222:
4107:
3966:
3790:
3756:
3674:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3526:
3477:
3469:
3309:
3156:
3030:
2999:
2857:
principality which survives to the present day as one of the
2800:
2766:
2133:
1296:
1286:
386:
247:
3411:
is now the only monarchy to still use the title of emperor.
3241:
In China, before the abolition of the monarchy in 1912, the
2621:, stipulated that only men could inherit the crown. In most
2617:, practiced in France and in the Italian territories of the
6240:
5081:
5071:
5061:
5044:
4181:
3882:
3686:
3680:
3540:
3273:, China had a number of kingdoms, each about the size of a
2911:
2622:
2600:
2322:
2217:
2205:
2157:
2136:
in multiple monarchies simultaneously. For example, the 15
1124:
2843:, the monarchy was dissolved and Egypt became a republic.
4140:
was established in 1858. It became a protectorate of the
3394:(1897â1910), the rulers of Korea were given the title of
3135:
As of 2022, in Europe there are twelve monarchies: seven
2803:
region, with at least one of them, that of the so-called
2367:
Monarchies take a wide variety of forms, such as the two
4738:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press.
3468:
and many other Middle Eastern monarchies are ruled by a
4571:
Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt (biography) (2011-01-01).
3954:
is officially recognized by the government of Bolivia.
3426:), but reached its ultimate height and glory when King
2399:
Contemporary European monarchies by type of succession
4657:
3745:
has been an independent kingdom since 1907. The first
2698:
at the 22nd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
2254:) and trained for future duties. Different systems of
2250:(whose rule over a period of time is referred to as a
3785:
annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
3250:
2975:
in 1816, one that was subsequently absorbed into the
4437:
History of the Highlands & of the Highland Clans
4269:
3395:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3287:
3281:
2321:
every five years or after the king's death, and the
3920:on September 22, 1804. Haiti again had an emperor,
3775:as co-ruler. It came under the rule of the Chinese
3438:, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of
3430:(known as "The Great Kourosh" in Iran) started the
3061:is something of an elective monarchy: its reigning
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4696:. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
4389:
2301:, but often coming from the same dynasty) and the
2907:, the last Emperor of Ethiopia, was deposed in a
2344:. Advocacy of government by a republic is called
6424:
4793:King lists worldwide (archived 14 November 2007)
4133:was established in 1795 and overthrown in 1893.
3249:". "King" is the usual translation for the term
2647:battled, and outcomes were often idiosyncratic.
2090:If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a
3400:, meaning the "Emperor". Today, Members of the
2278:refers to a ruling monarch, as distinct from a
2113:who exercise little or no direct power or only
4118:was founded in 1788. Sovereignty was ceded to
3844:Francisco Pizarro meets with the Inca emperor
3783:became an absolute temporal monarch until the
3071:, has to be chosen by an electoral college of
2156:Monarchs, as such, bear a variety of titles â
4830:
4512:"New Ducal succession rights for Grand Duchy"
4449:
3856:Pre-colonial titles that were used included:
3555:'s more modern monarchies is also ruled by a
3256:
2140:are all separate sovereign states, but share
2008:
1404:
3245:was traditionally regarded as the ruler of "
4752:
4592:"Colonialism and the 'scramble for Africa'"
4540:
3853:as Kings, particularly hereditary leaders.
3796:
4837:
4823:
4204:as their reigning constitutional monarch.
2285:Some monarchies are non-hereditary. In an
2015:
2001:
1411:
1397:
4422:King George the Fifth: his life and reign
4419:
2583:family has been most common (but see the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
4360:"The Holy Roman Empire - Qualifications"
4219:as the reigning constitutional monarch.
4087:
3839:
3821:
3806:
3763:in the 6th century. It was ruled by the
3634:
3608:
3582:(the Supreme Lord of the Federation) is
3509:, the ancestral home of his family, the
3482:
3216:
3096:
3088:
2867:
2831:from 1914 until 1922 when it became the
2795:to 31 BC) until it was conquered by the
2757:
2490:
2438:
2394:
4450:Hadfield, Andrew; Maley, Willy (1997).
4387:
2354:The King is dead. Long live the King!
2348:, while advocacy of monarchy is called
2042:, and therefore the head of state of a
6425:
4872:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
4733:
4589:
4482:"Overturning centuries of royal rules"
4434:
4336:
4262:have non-sovereign elective monarchs.
4077:
2827:was a short-lived protectorate of the
2415:Male-preference cognatic primogeniture
842:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
5102:
4818:
4687:
4602:from the original on 26 February 2024
4570:
4522:from the original on 15 December 2018
3078:
2839:changed his title to King. After the
2747:
2658:became the first monarchy to declare
2461:Manuel II of Portugal and the Algarve
2333:and is elected to a life term by the
4122:in 1880 although descendants of the
2903:were ruled by a series of monarchs.
2788:over the course of three millennia (
2525:Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
4660:"Courtly Lives - Four Indian Kings"
4590:Davies, Catriona (12 August 2010).
4126:claim the title of King of Tahiti.
3346:(1675) describes The Annals of the
3340:is the proper name of the founder.
3206:
2709:). In some other monarchies (e.g.,
2475:. Seated, from left to right: King
774:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
13:
4867:List of current sovereign monarchs
4158:. After independence in 1970, the
3567:abolished their monarchy in 2008.
3559:. In Arab and Arabized countries,
3013:Currently, the African nations of
2853:(700â1376) and its successor, the
2151:
2069:selected by an established process
14:
6469:
4772:
4690:"17 October: Death of Dessalines"
4492:from the original on 8 March 2021
2579:Hereditary succession within one
2362:
2329:, who serves as sovereign of the
2075:monarch, which may be backed and
1883:Biology and political orientation
5385:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4286:
4272:
4196:are sovereign states within the
4058:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3697:(Noble Class). When the islands
3578:'s constitutional monarchy, the
3277:and subordinate to the Emperor.
2537:Edward VII of the United Kingdom
2375:(although strictly Andorra is a
2313:(lit. "He Who is Made Lord') of
1984:
1380:
743:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
146:
30:
16:Person at the head of a monarchy
4862:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4714:
4681:
4670:from the original on 2019-08-09
4651:
4632:
4614:
4583:
4564:
4553:from the original on 2016-05-13
4534:
4504:
4402:from the original on 2021-04-23
4370:from the original on 2017-12-29
3668:nobility, variously titled the
3626:French Protectorate of Cambodia
3480:, are still ruled by monarchs.
2517:Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary
2282:, the wife of a reigning king.
2262:(male preference or absolute),
873:Spanish transition to democracy
550:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
41:needs additional citations for
4844:
4753:Schutt-Ainé, Patricia (1994).
4474:
4458:
4443:
4428:
4413:
4381:
4352:
4314:
3705:in the late 16th century, the
2481:George V of the United Kingdom
2309:. Modern examples include the
2307:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
1878:Theories of political behavior
1504:Political history of the world
590:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
4755:Haiti: A Basic Reference Book
4307:
3690:belonged to the caste called
3648:
3221:From left to right, Japanese
2789:
2557:Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
2390:
1893:Critique of political economy
868:Birth of the Italian Republic
4877:List of monarchy referendums
4734:Girard, Philippe R. (2011).
4658:Margaret Knight Sypniewska.
4213:British Overseas Territories
4144:at its own request in 1893.
3261:), the sovereign before the
2918:also existed, including the
2823:with a distant monarch. The
2716:Lastly, some monarchies are
2701:In some monarchies, such as
2529:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
2497:Rama V/Chulalongkorn of Siam
1474:Outline of political science
7:
4811:(archived 25 December 2018)
4688:TiCam (27 September 2006).
4265:
4105:societies were ruled by an
3643:, Queen consort Anula, and
3446:and the Caucasus. From the
3396:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3288:
3282:
3251:
3113:nations, sometimes causing
2841:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
2775:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
2668:full cognatic primogeniture
2457:Ferdinand of the Bulgarians
2106:; on the other they may be
2087:or a combination of means.
827:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
753:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
6474:
4541:Emma.Goodey (2016-03-17).
4420:Nicholson, Harold (1952).
4388:Marathe, Om (2019-08-03).
4081:
3952:king of the Afro-Bolivians
3803:Monarchies in the Americas
3800:
3601:'s 1959 constitution, the
3210:
3082:
2751:
2742:
2317:, who is appointed by the
2174:Sovereign Prince of Monaco
1479:Index of politics articles
863:Siamese revolution of 1932
18:
6289:
6198:
5912:
5675:
5609:
5421:
5412:
5308:
5290:
5222:
5137:
5095:
5027:
4941:
4885:
4852:
4706:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3759:was a monarchy since the
3545:Haitham bin Tariq Al Said
3269:period. During the early
3257:
3130:monarchies were abolished
2875:, the 26th Sultan of the
2769:1279â1213 BC), the third
2533:Nicholas II of the Russia
837:5 October 1910 Revolution
733:Birth of the Roman Empire
5014:Self-proclaimed monarchy
4435:BROWNE, J., ed. (1838).
3797:Monarchs in the Americas
3672:(today meaning "king"),
2938:, Warsangali Sultanate,
2553:Frederik VIII of Denmark
2485:Frederik VIII of Denmark
2473:Albert I of the Belgians
2469:George I of the Hellenes
2447:for the funeral of King
2258:have been used, such as
2214:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
580:Considerations on France
21:Monarch (disambiguation)
5282:Vatican City (Holy See)
4198:Commonwealth of Nations
3916:, who declared himself
3914:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
3424:list of Kings of Persia
2521:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
2443:The Nine Sovereigns at
2127:constitutional monarchy
1888:Political organisations
1651:International relations
1489:Politics by subdivision
1196:Emperor system of Japan
6443:Positions of authority
5564:Islands of Refreshment
4994:Legitimacy (political)
4328:. 2014. Archived from
4150:ruled the short-lived
4099:
3849:
3837:
3819:
3654:
3641:King Devanampiya Tissa
3618:
3495:
3402:Korean Imperial family
3238:
3231:Crown Princess Michiko
3105:
3094:
2932:Sultanate of Mogadishu
2880:
2777:
2664:absolute primogeniture
2637:cognatic primogeniture
2576:
2488:
2436:
2406:Absolute primogeniture
1071:Enlightened absolutism
5375:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4964:Criticism of monarchy
4954:Abolition of monarchy
4164:military coup in 1987
4091:
4084:Monarchies in Oceania
4082:Further information:
4070:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3843:
3825:
3810:
3801:Further information:
3733:Sultan of Maguindanao
3638:
3612:
3580:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
3486:
3436:the ancient Near East
3420:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
3384:until 503. The title
3220:
3211:Further information:
3100:
3092:
3083:Further information:
2871:
2761:
2752:Further information:
2591:and sometimes (e.g.,
2573:Alfonso XIII of Spain
2569:Manuel II of Portugal
2541:Wilhelm II of Germany
2523:, Padishah (Emperor)
2494:
2477:Alfonso XIII of Spain
2465:Wilhelm II of Germany
2442:
2424:Agnatic primogeniture
2398:
2381:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
2369:co-princes of Andorra
2327:Roman Catholic Church
2311:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1968:Political campaigning
1708:Public administration
1541:Collective leadership
176:Divine right of kings
5207:United Arab Emirates
4518:. 11 December 2017.
4424:. London: Constable.
4200:that currently have
4148:Seru Epenisa Cakobau
4138:Kingdom of Rarotonga
3721:SpanishâAmerican War
3713:nobility called the
3592:Conference of Rulers
3474:United Arab Emirates
3227:Crown Prince Akihito
3085:Monarchies in Europe
2944:Majeerteen Sultanate
2879:Warsangali Sultanate
2754:Monarchies in Africa
2549:Haakon VII of Norway
2453:Haakon VII of Norway
2335:College of Cardinals
2319:Conference of Rulers
1818:Separation of powers
1689:Political psychology
1664:Comparative politics
1642:political scientists
1629:Academic disciplines
1509:Political philosophy
814:Unification of Italy
803:Second French Empire
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
6403:Trinidad and Tobago
6290:Commonwealth realms
6175:United Baltic Duchy
5318:Antigua and Barbuda
5310:Commonwealth realms
5004:Order of succession
4791:Regnal Chronologies
4573:"Elective monarchy"
4488:. 28 October 2011.
4326:Oxford Dictionaries
4078:Monarchs in Oceania
4062:Antigua and Barbuda
3946:, for example, the
3503:Abdul-Aziz bin Saud
3454:in the west to the
3008:Scramble for Africa
2660:equal primogeniture
2515:, Emperor and King
2463:, Kaiser (Emperor)
2373:president of France
2295:Holy Roman Emperors
2190:Emperor of Ethiopia
2138:Commonwealth realms
2102:) wielding genuine
1991:Politics portal
1840:Election commission
1811:Government branches
1694:Political sociology
1546:Confessional system
1484:Politics by country
1387:Politics portal
787:First French Empire
761:Glorious Revolution
4802:2015-11-13 at the
4784:2019-05-02 at the
4647:, October 27, 2003
4626:2007-02-19 at the
4469:Kvinnlig tronföljd
4396:The Indian Express
4100:
4034:Brazil (1815â1822)
4002:Mexico (1821â1823)
3998:Brazil (1822â1889)
3948:Afro-Bolivian king
3850:
3838:
3820:
3655:
3619:
3496:
3432:Achaemenid dynasty
3239:
3213:Monarchies in Asia
3195:), as well as one
3106:
3095:
3079:Monarchs in Europe
2971:formed a powerful
2948:Sultanate of Hobyo
2881:
2873:Mohamoud Ali Shire
2859:traditional states
2825:Sultanate of Egypt
2811:, Islamic Empire,
2778:
2748:Monarchs in Africa
2577:
2545:Gustav V of Sweden
2513:Carol I of Romania
2505:George I of Greece
2489:
2437:
2433:Elective/appointed
2379:). Similarly, the
2331:Vatican City State
2260:proximity of blood
1674:Political analysis
1606:Semi-parliamentary
1226:List of monarchies
1027:Related ideologies
894:Nepalese Civil War
881:Iranian Revolution
855:Russian Revolution
850:Chinese Revolution
832:German unification
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6105:Piedmont-Sardinia
5857:Sip Song Chau Tai
5667:Thirteen Colonies
5408:
5407:
4764:978-0-9638599-0-7
4745:978-0-8173-1732-4
4302:Lists of monarchs
4260:Wallis and Futuna
4131:Kingdom of Hawaii
4116:Kingdom of Tahiti
4075:
4074:
4030:Haiti (1811â1820)
3990:Haiti (1804â1806)
3831:Emperor of Brazil
3737:1987 Constitution
3549:Kingdom of Jordan
3543:is led by Sultan
3472:and parts of the
3448:Mediterranean Sea
3409:Japanese monarchy
3286:(great king), or
3110:Holy Roman Empire
3057:in south-western
3041:are ruled by the
2916:Somali Sultanates
2899:(1270â1974), and
2707:agnatic seniority
2593:Ernestine duchies
2509:Peter I of Serbia
2289:, the monarch is
2287:elective monarchy
2268:agnatic seniority
2100:absolute monarchy
2085:right of conquest
2025:
2024:
1973:Political parties
1913:Electoral systems
1637:Political science
1611:Semi-presidential
1523:Political systems
1499:Political history
1494:Political economy
1421:
1420:
819:Meiji Restoration
766:French Revolution
748:Tsarist autocracy
709:Popescu-TÄriceanu
208:Abdication system
186:Royal prerogative
181:Mandate of Heaven
126:
125:
118:
100:
6465:
6344:Irish Free State
6110:PolandâLithuania
5419:
5418:
5370:Papua New Guinea
5100:
5099:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4768:
4749:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4697:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4655:
4649:
4641:The Lost Kingdom
4639:Ferguson, Will;
4636:
4630:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4547:The Royal Family
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4478:
4472:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4393:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4356:
4350:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4332:on May 17, 2014.
4318:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4236:the position of
4211:are part of the
4209:Pitcairn Islands
4186:Papua New Guinea
4160:Dominion of Fiji
3957:
3956:
3918:Emperor of Haiti
3835:Delfim da CĂąmara
3816:Emperor of Haiti
3653:
3650:
3615:Norodom Sihanouk
3603:Sultan of Brunei
3588:Majlis Raja-Raja
3531:Masjid al-Nabawi
3399:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3324:. The legendary
3291:
3285:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3247:All under heaven
3243:emperor of China
3223:Emperor Hirohito
3207:Monarchs in Asia
2962:Kingdom of Kongo
2940:Geledi Sultanate
2936:Ajuran Sultanate
2924:Walashma dynasty
2897:Ethiopian Empire
2889:Kingdom of Aksum
2833:Kingdom of Egypt
2809:Byzantine Empire
2794:
2791:
2561:Guangxu of China
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2305:of kings of the
2198:Emperor of India
2194:Emperor of Japan
2186:Emperor of China
2142:the same monarch
2073:proclaim oneself
2017:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1988:
1779:
1724:
1679:Political theory
1669:Election science
1659:
1645:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1265:Philosopher king
595:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
535:
497:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
233:Crowned republic
218:Chinese Legalist
157:Central concepts
150:
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6412:
6337:princely states
6285:
6221:Kingdom of Fiji
6194:
5940:Austria-Hungary
5908:
5671:
5605:
5404:
5390:Solomon Islands
5304:
5286:
5218:
5133:
5091:
5023:
4969:Democratization
4937:
4881:
4848:
4843:
4804:Wayback Machine
4786:Wayback Machine
4775:
4765:
4746:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4682:
4673:
4671:
4656:
4652:
4637:
4633:
4628:Wayback Machine
4621:Canada: History
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4588:
4584:
4569:
4565:
4556:
4554:
4539:
4535:
4525:
4523:
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4509:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4463:
4459:
4448:
4444:
4433:
4429:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4386:
4382:
4373:
4371:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4341:
4337:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:Politics portal
4278:
4271:
4268:
4190:Solomon Islands
4176:(including the
4152:Kingdom of Fiji
4136:An independent
4086:
4080:
3805:
3799:
3707:Spanish monarch
3651:
3645:Prince Uththiya
3523:Masjid al-Haram
3493:Ottoman dynasty
3428:Cyrus the Great
3416:Pahlavi dynasty
3265:and during the
3215:
3209:
3087:
3081:
3006:As part of the
2977:Colony of Natal
2958:Southern Africa
2901:Aussa Sultanate
2792:
2756:
2750:
2745:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2365:
2299:prince-electors
2244:hereditary rule
2154:
2152:Characteristics
2125:or other body (
2021:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1908:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:Public interest
1783:Domestic policy
1773:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1660:
1653:
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2793: 3150 BC
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4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Non-sovereign
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4835:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4717:
4709:
4703:
4695:
4694:haitiwebs.com
4691:
4684:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4416:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4384:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4348:0-395-96214-5
4345:
4339:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4284:
4281:
4275:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4258:territory of
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4093:Kamehameha IV
4090:
4085:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:Female title
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3907:
3904:
3901:Morubixaba â
3900:
3898:(Inca Empire)
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3863:â Aboriginal
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3711:Christianised
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3652: 307 BC
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:House of Saud
3508:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3392:Korean Empire
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:Liechtenstein
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:king of Spain
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:in 1897. The
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2964:(1400â1914).
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:Zagwe dynasty
2890:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2787:
2786:Ancient Egypt
2783:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2690:in 2011. The
2689:
2686:in 2009, and
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:primogeniture
2642:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2599:, in which a
2598:
2597:primogeniture
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:republicanism
2343:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:free election
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2280:queen consort
2277:
2276:queen regnant
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:primogeniture
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Emir of Qatar
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:head of state
2030:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Civil society
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1771:Public policy
1769:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Parliamentary
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:Hybrid regime
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Regnal number
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1241:Non-sovereign
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1141:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:Authoritarian
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Crown Council
995:
994:
993:
992:Privy council
990:
986:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
941:
940:
933:
932:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
903:
902:
895:
892:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
775:
772:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
724:
723:
715:
714:Zourabichvili
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
604:
603:
592:
591:
587:
582:
581:
577:
572:
571:
567:
562:
561:
557:
552:
551:
547:
542:
541:
537:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
524:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Chateaubriand
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
367:
366:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
295:Non-sovereign
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
198:
197:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
154:
153:
149:
145:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: â
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
6458:Noble titles
6393:South Africa
6388:Sierra Leone
6335:
6165:Two Sicilies
6100:Papal States
5900:
5839:
5732:
5598:
5358:Cook Islands
5211:
5197:Saudi Arabia
5126:
4856:
4797:Archontology
4754:
4735:
4727:
4726:
4716:
4693:
4683:
4672:. Retrieved
4663:
4653:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4616:
4604:. Retrieved
4595:
4585:
4576:
4566:
4555:. Retrieved
4546:
4543:"Succession"
4536:
4524:. Retrieved
4515:
4506:
4494:. Retrieved
4485:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4451:
4445:
4436:
4430:
4421:
4415:
4404:. Retrieved
4395:
4383:
4372:. Retrieved
4363:
4354:
4338:
4330:the original
4325:
4316:
4242:
4231:
4221:
4206:
4178:Cook Islands
4168:
4146:
4135:
4128:
4113:
4106:
4101:
3951:
3941:
3934:
3911:
3855:
3851:
3789:
3777:Qing dynasty
3765:Yuan dynasty
3755:
3750:
3741:
3725:Commonwealth
3719:. After the
3714:
3699:were annexed
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3663:pre-Colonial
3656:
3620:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3539:
3499:Saudi Arabia
3497:
3460:
3444:Central Asia
3442:and much of
3413:
3406:
3343:Gyuwon Sahwa
3279:
3267:Ten Kingdoms
3240:
3181:Vatican City
3134:
3126:World War II
3119:
3107:
3102:Elizabeth II
3066:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2992:
2973:Zulu Kingdom
2966:
2952:
2922:(led by the
2882:
2851:Kanem Empire
2845:
2797:Roman Empire
2780:A series of
2779:
2738:
2715:
2706:
2703:Saudi Arabia
2700:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2630:
2627:patrilineage
2612:
2605:
2589:medieval era
2578:
2366:
2358:
2339:
2284:
2248:royal family
2238:
2155:
2131:
2121:vested in a
2089:
2062:
2055:
2028:
2026:
1721:street-level
1596:Presidential
1556:Dictatorship
1426:Part of the
1189:Illegitimate
1184:Family trees
1049:Conservatism
1014:Royal assent
798:Liberal Wars
588:
578:
568:
558:
548:
538:
528:
522:
521:
376:Philosophers
375:
374:
315:Principality
165:
131:Part of the
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
6332:British Raj
6304:(Sri Lanka)
6190:WĂŒrttemberg
5902:South Yemen
5790:Maguindanao
5683:Afghanistan
5444:Barotseland
5380:Saint Lucia
5353:New Zealand
5262:Netherlands
5035:Chhatrapati
5019:Sovereignty
4959:Aristocracy
4606:26 February
4526:16 December
4516:luxtimes.lu
4234:New Zealand
4217:Charles III
4202:Charles III
4174:New Zealand
4054:Saint Lucia
4046:the Bahamas
3960:Male title
3892:Qhapaq Inka
3751:Dragon King
3747:Druk Gyalpo
3716:PrincipalĂa
3659:Philippines
3639:Sri Lankan
3617:of Cambodia
3553:Middle East
3456:Indus River
3271:Han dynasty
3263:Qin dynasty
3183:), and two
3169:grand duchy
3149:Netherlands
3122:World War I
3108:Within the
2969:Zulu people
2849:hosted the
2847:West Africa
2835:and Sultan
2815:Sultanate,
2763:Ramesses II
2672:Netherlands
2632:jure uxoris
2581:patrilineal
2297:(chosen by
2104:sovereignty
2081:acclamation
2077:legitimated
1860:Sovereignty
1825:Legislature
1728:Technocracy
1716:Bureaucracy
1581:Meritocracy
1561:Directorial
1344:Interregnum
1309:Regnal list
1214:presumptive
1039:Bonapartism
985:Royal guard
948:Appointment
913:Aristocracy
738:Magna Carta
704:Zhirinovsky
607:Politicians
534:(1265-1266)
462:Kierkegaard
6427:Categories
6398:Tanganyika
6313:The Gambia
6241:NiuÄ-Fekai
6180:Yugoslavia
6080:Montenegro
5887:Upper Yafa
5882:Upper Asir
5519:Madagascar
5252:Luxembourg
4984:Government
4949:Abdication
4918:Hereditary
4846:Monarchies
4674:2007-01-30
4557:2021-04-23
4439:. Glasgow.
4406:2021-04-23
4374:2021-04-23
4308:References
4238:MÄori King
4103:Polynesian
4095:, King of
4006:1864â1867)
3994:1849â1859)
3865:Hispaniola
3781:Dalai Lama
3773:Dalai Lama
3515:a grandson
3489:Mehmed III
3476:, such as
3452:Hellespont
3280:In Korea,
3173:Luxembourg
3117:problems.
3115:diplomatic
3027:St. Helena
2914:. Various
2688:Luxembourg
2585:Rain Queen
2563:, Emperor
2559:, Emperor
2539:, Emperor
2531:, Emperor
2449:Edward VII
2391:Succession
2350:monarchism
2256:succession
2210:grand duke
2123:parliament
2108:ceremonial
2040:abdication
1950:Governance
1940:Government
1935:Federalism
1536:City-state
1329:Succession
1201:Figurehead
1152:Coronation
1101:Luxembourg
1081:Legitimism
1076:Jacobitism
639:Metternich
570:Patriarcha
467:Dostoevsky
397:Bellarmine
370:Philosophy
320:Real union
285:Hereditary
171:Monarchism
106:March 2021
76:newspapers
6368:Mauritius
6261:Rarotonga
6246:Nuku Hiva
6236:Mangareva
6211:Bora Bora
6090:NeuchĂątel
6060:Lithuania
5965:Catalonia
5852:Sri Lanka
5805:Manchukuo
5780:Kurdistan
5734:Indonesia
5657:Talamanca
5617:AraucanĂa
5600:and other
5579:Wassoulou
5323:Australia
4999:Oligarchy
4664:Angelfire
4454:. Oxford.
4364:Heraldica
4322:"monarch"
4170:Australia
4010:Sapa Inca
3971:Examples
3922:Faustin I
3869:Borinquen
3846:Atahualpa
3812:Jacques I
3787:in 1951.
3771:with the
3694:Maharlika
3630:1970 coup
3569:Sri Lanka
3369:Chachaung
3363:Geoseogan
2981:Zulu king
2909:communist
2682:in 1991,
2678:in 1990,
2674:in 1983,
2654:In 1980,
2641:proximity
2615:Salic law
2571:and King
2483:and King
2471:and King
2342:republics
2272:Salic law
2119:authority
2096:autocrats
2064:the crown
2038:or until
1930:Unitarism
1918:Elections
1906:Subseries
1835:Judiciary
1830:Executive
1733:Adhocracy
1616:Theocracy
1571:Feudalism
1551:Democracy
1349:Rebellion
1334:Anti-king
1319:Sovereign
1270:Pretender
1221:Kingmaker
1157:Criticism
1108:Orléanism
1086:Miguelism
1066:Despotism
1034:Alfonsism
978:Favourite
968:Camarilla
958:Household
923:Oligarchy
918:Autocracy
694:Churchill
560:Leviathan
540:Monarchia
482:Bainville
357:Universal
330:Coregency
300:Pentarchy
223:Composite
65:"Monarch"
6453:Politics
6438:Monarchs
6433:Monarchy
6383:Rhodesia
6378:Pakistan
6297:Barbados
6266:Rimatara
6256:Rapa Iti
6185:Valencia
6160:Tavolara
6150:Scotland
6115:Portugal
6075:Moldavia
5960:Bulgaria
5955:Brittany
5930:Asturias
5810:Mongolia
5800:Maldives
5662:Trinidad
5652:Suriname
5610:Americas
5594:Zimbabwe
5589:Zanzibar
5574:Wituland
5549:Ngazidja
5544:Ndzuwani
5479:Ethiopia
5202:Thailand
5182:Malaysia
5162:Cambodia
5112:Eswatini
4908:Elective
4893:Absolute
4800:Archived
4782:Archived
4702:cite web
4668:Archived
4645:Macleans
4624:Archived
4600:Archived
4551:Archived
4520:Archived
4490:Archived
4486:BBC News
4471:, p. 16.
4400:Archived
4368:Archived
4266:See also
3981:Empress
3930:Pedro II
3874:Tlatoani
3827:Pedro II
3666:Filipino
3622:Cambodia
3584:de facto
3576:Malaysia
3462:Thailand
3381:Maripgan
3337:Wanggeom
3302:Goguryeo
3294:Gojoseon
3275:province
3163:and the
3137:kingdoms
3037:and the
3023:Eswatini
2997:and the
2987:and the
2782:pharaohs
2734:Cambodia
2730:Holy See
2726:Malaysia
2718:elective
2608:tanistry
2555:, Queen
2503:), King
2501:Thailand
2499:(modern
2385:Malaysia
2315:Malaysia
2240:Monarchy
2202:archduke
2170:princess
2144:through
2079:through
2067:) or is
2052:inherits
2044:monarchy
2036:for life
1958:Ideology
1776:doctrine
1737:Service
1601:Republic
1586:Monarchy
1566:Federacy
1455:Category
1435:Politics
1304:Regicide
1248:Nobility
1209:apparent
1113:Royalism
1091:Orangism
973:Courtier
699:Renouvin
674:Bismarck
669:Castillo
659:Disraeli
649:Polignac
629:Consalvi
530:De Regno
502:Bogdanor
352:Triarchy
347:Tetrarch
342:Signoria
275:Ethnarch
265:Elective
213:Absolute
140:Monarchy
6373:Nigeria
6348:Ireland
6276:Tahuata
6251:Raiatea
6231:Huahine
6206:Abemama
6199:Oceania
6170:Tuscany
6125:Romania
6120:Prussia
6085:Navarre
6065:Majorca
6045:Ireland
6040:Imereti
6035:Iceland
6030:Hungary
6025:Hanover
6020:Granada
6010:Germany
6005:Georgia
6000:Galicia
5990:Finland
5980:Corsica
5975:Cilicia
5945:Bavaria
5935:Austria
5920:Albania
5892:Vietnam
5835:Sarawak
5825:Qu'aiti
5760:Kathiri
5723:Dapitan
5698:Bukhara
5647:Miskito
5569:Tunisia
5559:Shilluk
5469:Dahomey
5459:Burundi
5449:Bagirmi
5429:Adamawa
5348:Jamaica
5343:Grenada
5328:Bahamas
5292:Oceania
5242:Denmark
5237:Belgium
5232:Andorra
5147:Bahrain
5122:Morocco
5117:Lesotho
5096:Current
5087:Pharaoh
5040:Emperor
4979:Dynasty
4933:Regency
4913:Federal
4903:Diarchy
4857:Monarch
4728:Sources
4496:22 June
4467:1977:5
4254:in the
4050:Grenada
4042:Jamaica
4025:Kingdom
3977:Emperor
3944:Bolivia
3926:Pedro I
3861:Cacique
3769:diarchy
3701:to the
3657:In the
3519:Islamic
3491:of the
3487:Sultan
3397:Hwangje
3375:Isageum
3356:Taewang
3283:Daewang
3201:Andorra
3197:diarchy
3175:), one
3167:), one
3145:Denmark
3141:Belgium
3128:, many
3059:Nigeria
3045:or the
3035:Melilla
3019:Lesotho
3015:Morocco
2994:Inkosis
2954:Central
2926:of the
2883:In the
2863:Nigeria
2805:A-Group
2773:of the
2771:pharaoh
2743:History
2684:Denmark
2680:Belgium
2567:, King
2551:, King
2547:, King
2543:, King
2535:, King
2527:, King
2511:, King
2507:, King
2479:, King
2467:, King
2459:, King
2445:Windsor
2377:diarchy
2325:of the
2291:elected
2252:dynasty
2234:pharaoh
2228:(e.g.,
2220:(e.g.,
2212:(e.g.,
2184:(e.g.,
2182:empress
2178:emperor
2172:(e.g.,
2029:monarch
1963:Culture
1873:Country
1531:Anarchy
1445:Outline
1361:Usurper
1253:Peerage
1231:Current
1179:Descent
1162:Dynasty
1125:Toryism
1096:Belgium
1044:Carlism
1007:RiksrÄd
1002:Makhzen
963:Retinue
727:History
689:Metaxas
684:Maurras
654:Decazes
644:VillĂšle
634:Plessis
619:Pius VI
614:Mazarin
507:Scruton
477:Maurras
432:Novalis
417:Maistre
412:Bossuet
382:Aquinas
325:Regency
310:Popular
290:Khanate
280:Federal
270:Emirate
238:Diarchy
166:Monarch
90:scholar
6448:Titles
6408:Uganda
6358:Malawi
6323:Guyana
6302:Ceylon
6281:Tahiti
6271:Rurutu
6226:Hawaii
6155:Serbia
6140:Saxony
6130:Russia
6015:Greece
5995:France
5985:Cyprus
5970:Crimea
5950:Bosnia
5925:Aragon
5913:Europe
5877:Taiwan
5847:Sikkim
5830:Ryukyu
5815:Najran
5713:Chehab
5693:Bengal
5642:Mexico
5627:Brazil
5554:Rwanda
5534:Maravi
5434:Ankole
5422:Africa
5414:Former
5395:Tuvalu
5338:Canada
5333:Belize
5277:Sweden
5267:Norway
5257:Monaco
5224:Europe
5177:Kuwait
5172:Jordan
5157:Brunei
5152:Bhutan
5104:Africa
5077:Sultan
5028:Titles
4942:Topics
4761:
4742:
4346:
4256:French
4252:Sigave
4250:, and
4194:Tuvalu
4120:France
4097:Hawaii
4066:Belize
4038:Canada
4004:&
3992:&
3985:Empire
3905:tribes
3878:Nahuas
3848:, 1532
3818:, 1804
3743:Bhutan
3692:Uring
3661:, the
3599:Brunei
3597:Under
3547:. The
3535:Medina
3529:, and
3507:Riyadh
3466:Jordan
3349:Dangun
3331:Dangun
3326:Dangun
3322:Joseon
3320:, and
3318:Goryeo
3314:Balhae
3306:Baekje
3237:, 1959
3193:Monaco
3177:papacy
3161:Sweden
3153:Norway
3073:nobles
3065:, the
3051:Yoruba
3021:, and
3000:Kgosis
2989:Tswana
2887:, the
2877:Somali
2837:Fuad I
2813:Mamluk
2784:ruled
2711:Jordan
2676:Norway
2656:Sweden
2431:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2232:), or
2226:sultan
2166:prince
2092:regent
2058:throne
1923:voting
1865:Polity
1763:Policy
1742:Public
1656:theory
1339:Crisis
1292:Empire
1236:Former
1174:Family
906:Polity
664:Cortés
594:(2001)
584:(1796)
574:(1680)
564:(1651)
554:(1576)
544:(1313)
517:Yarvin
472:Youwei
457:Balmes
452:Cortés
437:Balzac
422:Bonald
407:Hobbes
402:Filmer
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
6363:Malta
6353:Kenya
6328:India
6318:Ghana
6145:Savoy
6135:Samos
6050:Italy
5897:Yemen
5872:Tibet
5867:Syria
5820:Nepal
5795:Mahra
5775:Kumul
5770:Korea
5765:Khiva
5744:Qajar
5728:Hejaz
5718:China
5703:Burma
5632:Haiti
5622:Aztec
5539:Mwali
5529:Maore
5509:Libya
5504:Kongo
5499:Kaffa
5494:Gumma
5489:Gomma
5484:Ghana
5474:Egypt
5454:Bornu
5439:Aussa
5300:Tonga
5272:Spain
5192:Qatar
5167:Japan
4223:Tonga
4215:with
4108:ariki
4020:Queen
4016:King
3967:Realm
3833:, by
3791:Nepal
3757:Tibet
3675:Lakan
3613:King
3565:Nepal
3561:Malik
3557:Malik
3527:Mecca
3478:Dubai
3470:Malik
3310:Silla
3298:Buyeo
3157:Spain
3055:Akure
3031:Ceuta
2985:Xhosa
2855:Bornu
2801:Nubia
2623:fiefs
2162:queen
2134:reign
2048:state
2031:is a
1946:forms
1869:State
1746:Civil
1450:Index
1324:Style
1297:Reich
1287:Realm
1258:Realm
1205:Heir
1167:Lists
1118:Ultra
943:Court
679:Mella
624:Ruffo
523:Works
512:Hoppe
492:Evola
447:Gogol
392:Bodin
387:Dante
253:Grand
248:Duchy
201:Types
97:JSTOR
83:books
6308:Fiji
5862:Sulu
5841:Shan
5785:Laos
5750:Iraq
5740:Iran
5708:Cebu
5688:Asir
5676:Asia
5637:Inca
5584:Yeke
5524:Mali
5514:Luba
5363:Niue
5213:list
5187:Oman
5139:Asia
5128:list
5082:Shah
5072:Tsar
5067:khan
5062:Raja
5045:King
4886:Type
4759:ISBN
4740:ISBN
4708:link
4608:2024
4528:2018
4498:2018
4344:ISBN
4244:Uvea
4207:The
4192:and
4182:Niue
4180:and
4129:The
4114:The
3928:and
3903:Tupi
3887:Maya
3883:Ajaw
3867:and
3731:and
3687:Datu
3684:and
3681:Raja
3670:harĂŹ
3541:Oman
3450:and
3407:The
3289:Wang
3252:wang
3233:and
3191:and
3124:and
3068:Deji
2967:The
2956:and
2946:and
2912:coup
2819:and
2732:and
2643:and
2613:The
2601:lord
2323:pope
2218:emir
2206:duke
2158:king
2056:the
1366:list
1282:Rank
1275:List
1130:High
487:Seca
243:Dual
69:news
6070:Man
4596:CNN
4465:SOU
4248:Alo
4232:In
4184:),
3594:).
3574:In
3533:in
3525:in
3387:Gun
3203:).
3063:Oba
2930:),
2861:of
2722:UAE
2666:or
2383:of
2224:),
2216:),
2208:or
2200:),
2180:or
2176:),
2168:or
2160:or
2129:).
2061:or
1354:War
52:by
6429::
6346:/
6334:,
4704:}}
4700:{{
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4246:,
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4068:,
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4032:,
4008:,
4000:,
3996:,
3932:.
3894:â
3885:â
3876:â
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3739:.
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3649:c.
3647:,
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3372:,
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2865:.
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2767:r.
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1867:/
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5905:)
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