2507:
2930:
1695:
2890:
2748:
6490:
2377:
5737:
5654:
2499:
2785:
5699:
5669:
5624:
2914:
5752:
1066:
several states, the number of South Asians surpasses that of the native population. The four smallest states (by area), with coastlines entirely bordering the
Persian Gulf, showcase the world's most extreme population growth, nearly tripling every two decades. In 2014, the estimated population of the Arabian Peninsula was 77,983,936 (including expatriates). The Arabian Peninsula is known for having one of the most uneven adult sex ratios in the world, with females in some regions (especially the east) constituting only a quarter of people aged between 20 and 40.
5782:
5767:
1292:
1232:
1192:
5609:
100:
5639:
2845:
7052:
7237:
316:
6264:
9076:
1544:
2801:
1897:
6969:
4602:
1734:
2950:
2732:
1272:
1212:
1132:
1112:
1673:
5684:
768:
7176:
2263:
6533:
1378:
2700:. The demonstration led to cracks in the ruling General People's Congress (GPC) and Saleh's Sanhani clan. Saleh used tactics of concession and violence to save his presidency. After numerous attempts, Saleh accepted the Gulf Cooperation Council's mediation. He eventually handed power to Vice President Hadi, who was sworn in as President of Yemen on 25 February 2012. Hadi launched a national dialogue to address new constitutional, political and social issues. The
1361:
6286:
2831:
4548:
2771:
90:
2813:
1152:
2875:
2357:
1720:
5231:
Birejek-Urga-Mardin-Kidiat-Jazirat (Ibn 'Unear)-Amadia to the
Persian frontier; East: The Persian frontier down to the Persian Gulf; South: The Indian Ocean (with the exclusion of Aden, whose status was to be maintained). West: The Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea back to Mersin. The abolition of all exceptional privileges granted to foreigners under the capitulations. The conclusion of a defensive alliance between Great Britain
1172:
7191:
1252:
2009:
1312:
6353:
1075:
1659:
2860:
2369:
5536:
1343:
2128:
2929:
1874:' population, which diverged from other Eurasians soon after the Out-of-Africa migration, and subsequently became isolated, until it started to mix with other populations in the Middle East since around 25,000 years ago. These different Middle Eastern populations would later spread Basal Eurasian ancestry via the
2442:, asked for a British guarantee of independence. Their proposal included all Arab lands south of a line roughly corresponding to the northern frontiers of present-day Syria and Iraq. They envisioned a new Arab state, or confederation of states, adjoining the southern Arabian Peninsula. It would have comprised
4642:
Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Shipton, Ceri; Clark-Balzan, Laine; Frouin, Marine; Schwenninger, Jean-Luc; Groucutt, Huw S.; Breeze, Paul S.; Parton, Ash; Blinkhorn, James; Drake, Nick A.; Jennings, Richard; Cuthbertson, Patrick; Al Omari, Abdulaziz; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; Petraglia, Michael D. (29 November
7339:
Mountains are sorted in alphabetical order, unless where it concerns ranges. The highest confirmed mountains in each country are indicated with 'HP', and those with the highest peak are indicated with 'HP', bearing in mind that in the UAE, the highest mountain and the mountain with the highest peak
1065:
Despite its historically sparse population, political Arabia stands out for its rapid population growth, driven by both significant inflows of migrant labor and persistently high birth rates. The population is characterized by its relative youth and a heavily skewed gender ratio favoring males. In
794:
The
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia covers the greater part of the Peninsula. The majority of the population of the Peninsula lives in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Peninsula contains the world's largest reserves of oil. Saudi Arabia and the UAE are economically the wealthiest in the region. Qatar, the only
2677:
that opposed Iraq. Displays of support for Iraq by Jordan and
Palestine resulted in strained relations between many of the Arab states. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC member states.
660:
The Arab inhabitants used a north–south division of Arabia: Al Sham-Al Yaman, or Arabia
Deserta-Arabia Felix. Arabia Felix had originally been used for the whole peninsula, and at other times only for the southern region. Because its use became limited to the south, the whole peninsula was simply
1803:
coral sea. The reefs are also unaffected by mass tourism and diving or other large scale human interference. The
Persian gulf has suffered significant loss and degradation of coral reefs with the biggest ongoing threat believed to be coastal construction activity altering the marine environment.
775:
The
Peninsula's constituent countries are (clockwise from north to south) Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the east, Oman on the southeast, Yemen on the south, and Saudi Arabia at the center. The island country of Bahrain lies just off the east coast of the Peninsula. Due to
3426:
1519:, although there are exceptions. Higher elevations are made temperate by their altitude, and the Arabian Sea coastline can receive cool, humid breezes in summer due to cold upwelling offshore. The peninsula has no thick forests. Desert-adapted wildlife is present throughout the region.
5230:
As cited by R, John and S. Hadawi's, Palestine Diary, pp. 30–31, the 'Damascus
Protocol' stated: "The recognition by Great Britain of the independence of the Arab countries lying within the following frontiers: North: The Line Mersin_Adana to parallel 37N. and thence along the line
2506:
1910:
There is evidence that human habitation in the
Arabian Peninsula dates back to about 106,000 to 130,000 years ago. The harsh climate historically prevented much settlement in the pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula, apart from a small number of urban trading settlements, such as
661:
called Arabia. Arabia
Deserta was the entire desert region extending north from Arabia Felix to Palmyra and the Euphrates, including all the area between Pelusium on the Nile and Babylon. This area was also called Arabia and not sharply distinguished from the peninsula.
3692:
1522:
A plateau more than 2,500 feet (760 m) high extends across much of the Arabian Peninsula. The plateau slopes eastwards from the massive, rifted escarpment along the coast of the Red Sea, to the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The interior is characterized by
1694:
1807:
The fertile soils of Yemen have encouraged settlement of almost all of the land from sea level up to the mountains at 10,000 feet (3,000 m). In the higher elevations, elaborate terraces have been constructed to facilitate grain, fruit, coffee, ginger and
3755:
1869:
dates to approximately 90,000 years ago and is the oldest human fossil discovered outside of Africa and the Levant. This indicates human migrations from Africa to Arabia occurred around this time. The Arabian Peninsula may have been the homeland of a
3420:
1831:, upon which more than 60 million people depend for water. Twenty-one of the thirty seven largest aquifers "have exceeded sustainability tipping points and are being depleted" and thirteen of them are "considered significantly distressed".
4790:
Vallini, Leonardo; Zampieri, Carlo; Shoaee, Mohamed Javad; Bortolini, Eugenio; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Pievani, Telmo; Benazzi, Stefano; Barausse, Alberto; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Petraglia, Michael D.; Pagani, Luca (25 March 2024).
2632:, supported the republicans with as many as 70,000 troops. Despite several military moves and peace conferences, the war sank into a stalemate. Egypt's commitment to the war is considered to have been detrimental to its performance in the
1746:
Most of the Arabian Peninsula is unsuited to agriculture, making irrigation and land reclamation projects essential. The narrow coastal plain and isolated oases, amounting to less than 1% of the land area, are used to cultivate grains,
4700:
Uerpmann, Hans-Peter; Usik, Vitaly I.; Parker, Adrian G.; Marks, Anthony E.; Jasim, Sabah A.; Armitage, Simon J. (28 January 2011). "The Southern Route "Out of Africa": Evidence for an Early Expansion of Modern Humans into Arabia".
3700:
2465:
In the modern era, the term bilad al-Yaman came to refer specifically to the southwestern parts of the peninsula. Arab geographers started to refer to the whole peninsula as 'jazirat al-Arab', or the peninsula of the Arabs.
3763:
2747:
3814:
Alrouh, Hekmat, Awatef Ismail, and Sohaila Cheema. "Demographic and health indicators in Gulf Cooperation Council nations with an emphasis on Qatar." Journal of Local and Global Health Perspectives (2013): p
3397:
1799:, have a unique hot weather adaptation to sudden rise (and fall) in sea water temperature. Hence, these coral reefs are not affected by coral bleaching caused by rise in temperature as elsewhere in the
2889:
5169:
744:
with no clear borderline, although the northern boundary of the peninsula is generally considered to be the northern borders of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, also southern regions of Iraq and Jordan.
2624:
The royalist side received support from Saudi Arabia, while the republicans were supported by Egypt and the Soviet Union. Both foreign irregular and conventional forces were also involved. The
5241:
710:
Al Tih, the Sinai peninsula, Hejaz, Asir, Yemen, Hadramaut, Mahra and Shilu, Oman, Hasa, Bahrain, Dahna, Nufud, the Hammad, which included the deserts of Syria, Mesopotamia and Babylonia.
5431:
1648:
in particular, on the border of the UAE and Oman, measuring between 1,100 and 1,300 m (3,600 and 4,300 ft), is not within the Hajar range, but may be considered an
2784:
4547:; Louys, Julien; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Al-Mufarreh, Yahya S. A.; Zech, Jana; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; al Omari, Abdulaziz; Boivin, Nicole; Petraglia, Michael (29 October 2018).
6328:
2913:
1633:
southwards, the mountains show a steady increase in altitude westward as they get nearer to Yemen, and the highest peaks and ranges are all located in Yemen. The highest,
5462:
2428:
2392:). It was put in charge of Syria, Cilicia, Iraq, and the remainder of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ottomans never had any control over central Arabia, also known as the
1859:
reveal that hominins lived in the Arabian Peninsula around 188,000 years ago. Human habitation in Arabia may have occurred as early as 130,000 years ago. A fossilized
3389:
4223:
5400:
4489:
4301:
2061:, rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula formed a vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of influence that stretched from the northwest
6489:
4380:
3670:
2800:
3327:
1847:
migrated through a "Green Arabia" between 300,000 and 500,000 years ago. 200,000-year-old stone tools were discovered at Shuaib Al-Adgham in the eastern
636:("Desert Arabia"): signified the desert lands of Arabia. As a name for the region, it remained popular into the 19th and 20th centuries, and was used in
4059:
4167:
2438:
of 1914 provides an illustration of the regional relationships. Arabs living in one of the existing districts of the Arabian peninsula, the Emirate of
3785:
1787:
with a very rich tropical sea life and some of the world's largest, undestroyed and most pristine coral reefs. In addition, the organisms living in
807:. Kuwait, on the border with Iraq, is an important country strategically, forming one of the main staging grounds for coalition forces mounting the
6321:
4404:"Reclamation potentials of saline degraded lands in Abu Dhabi eastern region using high salinity-tolerant woody plants and some salt marsh species"
4349:
4252:
2571:. Two Saudi states were formed and controlled much of Arabia before Ibn Saud was even born. Ibn Saud, however, established the third Saudi state.
5423:
4768:
2544:
in Yemen. During World War I, the Sharif Hussein entered into an alliance with the United Kingdom and France against the Ottomans in June 1916.
2163:, the Arabs rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim control outside of Arabia. In a matter of decades Muslim armies decisively defeated the
7566:
5133:
2636:
of June 1967, after which Nasser found it increasingly difficult to maintain his army's involvement and began to pull his forces out of Yemen.
3605:
Weinstein, Y. (1 January 2007). "A transition from strombolian to phreatomagmatic activity induced by a lava flow damming water in a valley".
7065:
6721:
5572:
5284:
5313:
see Richard Schofield, Kuwait and Iraq: Historical Claims and Territorial. Disputes, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs 1991,
4858:
5337:
Egypt's Bid for Arab Leadership: Implications for U.S. Policy, By Gregory L. Aftandilian, Published by Council on Foreign Relations, 1993,
4543:
Roberts, Patrick; Stewart, Mathew; Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.; Breeze, Paul; Candy, Ian; Drake, Nick; Groucutt, Huw S.; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.;
4376:
4094:
2643:
recognized the republic and a truce was signed. Egyptian military historians refer to Egypt's role in the war in Yemen as analogous to the
1938:
740:
strait on the southwest and the Red Sea, which is located on the southwest and west. The northern portion of the peninsula merges with the
664:
The Arabs and the Ottoman Empire considered the west of the Arabian Peninsula region where the Arabs lived 'the land of the Arabs' – Bilad
6314:
3583:
3483:
3366:
3219:
5523:
5321:
and The Kuwait Crisis: Basic Documents, By E. Lauterpacht, C. J. Greenwood, Marc Weller, Published by Cambridge University Press, 1991,
4425:
3528:
3297:
3258:
3109:
8840:
8699:
6754:
1562:
There are mountains at the eastern, southern and northwestern borders of the peninsula. Broadly, the ranges can be grouped as follows:
3565:
see Review of Reviews and World's Work: An International Magazine, Albert Shaw ed., The Review of Reviews Corporation, 1919, page 408]
3147:
2486:
advice and support. A public subscription was opened throughout the Islamic world to fund the construction. The railway was to be a
9026:
6968:
6726:
5176:, explains that Mount Lebanon was in the jurisdiction of the Arabistan Army, and that its headquarters was briefly moved to Beirut.
2580:
3056:, Bahrain is technically not a part of the Arabian Peninsula, but a part of the slightly larger geopolitical region called Arabia.
5495:
5363:
Cornell University Library. Arab Spring:A Research & Study Guide:Yemen guides. library.cornell.edu. Last Updated: May 9, 2019
3726:"Asia: Population Statistics in Maps and Charts for Cities, Agglomerations and Administrative Divisions of all Countries in Asia"
2709:
2423:
established in the area around Riyadh rapidly expanded and briefly controlled most of the present-day territory of Saudi Arabia,
1816:
4522:
3283:
The Everything Understanding Islam Book: A Complete and Easy to Read Guide to Muslim Beliefs, Practices, Traditions, and Culture
8833:
8719:
7175:
4408:
Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants: Vol 2: Agriculture and forestry under marginal soil water conditions
724:
The Arabian Peninsula is located in the continent of Asia and is bounded by (clockwise) the Persian Gulf on the northeast, the
5454:
2621:
and declared Yemen a republic under his presidency. The Imam escaped to the Saudi Arabian border and rallied popular support.
656:, which enjoys more rainfall, is much greener than the rest of the peninsula and has long enjoyed much more productive fields.
8828:
8762:
5195:
5119:
5103:
4892:
4464:
4419:
4343:
4295:
4217:
4161:
4053:
4023:
3958:
3906:
3522:
3456:
3964:
3912:
3833:
8823:
8787:
8726:
3019:
2844:
2696:
reached Yemen in January 2011. People of Yemen took to the street demonstrating against three decades of rule by President
2112:, his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated his successor. Abu Bakr's immediate task was to avenge a recent defeat by
223:
5149:
see History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Stanford J. Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw, Cambridge University Press, 1977,
3862:
1812:
cultivation. The Arabian peninsula is known for its rich oil, i.e. petroleum production due to its geographical location.
8816:
8811:
8757:
5505:
The Coast of Arabia the Red Sea, and Persian Sea of Bassora Past the Straits of Hormuz to India, Gujarat and Cape Comorin
5214:
2687:
1394:
near the Red Sea, overlain by earlier sediments that become younger towards the Persian Gulf. Perhaps the best-preserved
652:("Fortunate Arabia"): was used by geographers to describe the southern part of the Arabian peninsula, mostly what is now
4193:
8685:
7559:
4950:
4917:
4123:
3103:
2717:
2525:
1891:
5392:
5074:
See: Holt (1977a), p.57, Hourani (2003), p.22, Lapidus (2002), p.32, Madelung (1996), p.43, Tabatabaei (1979), p.30–50
4481:
4275:
1637:
or Jabal Hadhur of the Haraz subrange of the Sarawat range, is 3,666 metres (12,028 ft) high. By comparison, the
8767:
6549:
6544:
5565:
5342:
5326:
5318:
5270:
5253:
5154:
4975:
3495:
3360:
3291:
3252:
3213:
3186:
1851:, which would indicate that many prehistoric sites, located along a network of rivers, had once existed in the area.
1843:
age along with fossils of other animals discovered at Ti's al Ghadah, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, might imply that
575:
In antiquity, the term "Arabia" encompassed a larger area than the current term "Arabian Peninsula" and included the
5531:
2770:
8782:
8772:
8714:
8692:
8675:
8670:
8589:
6759:
6554:
4411:
4209:
2092:
With Muhammad's death in 632, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community.
1820:
2812:
2104:, who was Muhammad's intimate friend and collaborator. Others added their support and Abu Bakr was made the first
751:, but in the southwest, there are mountain ranges, which receive greater rainfall than the rest of the peninsula.
618:
in the southern Levant, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Arabian Peninsula. It was the only one that became a
9155:
9145:
8792:
8621:
8487:
8401:
8351:
3666:
3733:
8736:
7345:
2999:
2602:
2583:
in the 1930s. Its production brought great wealth to all countries of the region, with the exception of Yemen.
1905:
9101:
5381:
University Library. University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign. guides.library.edu. Arab Spring Workshop:Yemen
3639:
McLaughlin, Rob (2015). "The Continuing Conundrum of the Somali Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone".
9046:
9031:
7552:
6274:
3319:
1771:
areas of Oman and Yemen. These areas allow for large scale coconut plantations. Much of Yemen has a tropical
4151:
9079:
8731:
8361:
8088:
7793:
6180:
5558:
1453:
1977:. The earliest known events in Arabian history are migrations from the peninsula into neighbouring areas.
1672:
1432:
in the south, with sand estimated to extend 600 ft (180 m) below the surface; between them, the
9160:
9150:
8218:
6925:
6516:
6140:
5114:
Goldschmidt, Jr., Arthur; Lawrence Davidson (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (8th ed.), p.48
3793:
3789:
2568:
2455:
2389:
2376:
4549:"Fossil herbivore stable isotopes reveal middle Pleistocene hominin palaeoenvironment in 'Green Arabia'"
9140:
8396:
8381:
7679:
7664:
7204:
5540:
4327:
4246:
3550:
2776:
2412:
1759:
husbandry is widespread elsewhere throughout the rest of the Peninsula. Some areas have a summer humid
2498:
8777:
8709:
8680:
8665:
8406:
8331:
6085:
6075:
5828:
5130:
4760:
2674:
719:
642:
7496:
Due to the peak of Jebel Jais being in Oman, this mountain has the highest confirmed peak in the UAE
8366:
8283:
7866:
7579:
7312:
7006:
6294:
6060:
4201:
3554:
3004:
2974:
2791:
2705:
2556:
2548:
2273:
Despite its spiritual importance, in political terms Arabia soon became a peripheral region of the
2179:
to India. The political focus of the Muslim world then shifted to the newly conquered territories.
1824:
1760:
1634:
1552:
1052:
800:
788:
470:
between 56 and 23 million years ago, and is bordered by the Red Sea to the west and southwest, the
35:
7544:
5292:
4855:
2120:) forces, although he first had to put down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the
1487:
Arabia has few lakes or permanent rivers. Most areas are drained by ephemeral watercourses called
9013:
8704:
8611:
8288:
7998:
7993:
6902:
6427:
6404:
6376:
6117:
6112:
4015:
3898:
2762:
2564:
2424:
1476:
31:
17:
4447:
Riegl, Bernhard; Purkis, Samuel (2011). "Persian/Arabian Gulf Coral Reefs". In Hopley, D (ed.).
4084:
2708:
and stormed the Yemeni capital Sanaa on 21 September 2014. In response, Saudi Arabia launched a
1775:
rain influenced mountain climate. The plains usually have either a tropical or subtropical arid
8990:
8797:
8391:
8194:
7123:
6698:
6306:
6055:
5372:
Britannica.com. "Yemen Uprising of 2011–12". Written By:The editors of Encyclopedia Britannica.
4942:
2640:
2529:
2172:
1999:
1828:
6945:
5166:
4043:
3575:
3478:
3350:
3203:
9083:
8947:
8867:
8510:
8411:
8020:
6835:
5940:
5848:
5658:
5653:
4403:
4090:
3512:
3281:
3242:
3089:
2830:
2738:
2592:
2199:
1480:
1391:
812:
4934:
4761:"First human migration out of Africa more geographically widespread than previously thought"
4007:
4003:
8957:
7933:
7651:
7269:
7214:
7057:
6279:
6034:
5925:
5512:
4804:
4793:"The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal"
4710:
4656:
4560:
4189:
3614:
2117:
1875:
1578:
1291:
1231:
1191:
444:
202:
2949:
1390:
The rocks exposed vary systematically across Arabia, with the oldest rocks exposed in the
387:
375:
8:
8606:
8271:
8208:
8184:
8015:
7876:
7822:
7763:
7734:
7674:
7669:
6860:
6435:
6384:
6289:
6236:
6026:
5985:
4884:
3950:
3244:
Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing Around the World [2 Volumes]
3178:
3139:
3009:
2606:
2598:
2144:
2093:
2062:
2044:
1974:
1678:
777:
755:
is a large volcanic field that extends from northwestern Arabia into Jordan and southern
5945:
4833:
4808:
4792:
4714:
4660:
4564:
3618:
2859:
2563:
between 1913 and 1926 founded the modern state of Saudi Arabia. The Saudis absorbed the
2324:
of one of the major Islamic empires of the time. In the Middle Ages, these included the
513:
Before the modern era, the region was divided into primarily four distinct regions: the
9165:
8894:
8515:
8478:
8356:
7802:
7724:
7684:
7659:
6920:
6617:
6612:
6144:
5990:
5970:
4742:
4677:
4644:
4594:
4008:
3999:
3390:"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – Doing business in the Gulf region – netherlandsworldwide.nl"
3029:
2874:
2731:
2697:
2666:
2629:
2625:
2614:
2459:
2420:
2361:
2156:
2003:
1887:
1848:
1840:
1664:
804:
701:
637:
5517:
5492:
787:
The six countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE form the
696:). The Ottomans used the term Arabistan in a broad sense for the region starting from
8975:
8594:
8421:
8386:
8247:
8242:
8223:
7859:
7619:
7101:
7011:
6977:
6779:
6751:
6564:
6457:
6065:
6030:
5338:
5322:
5314:
5266:
5249:
5191:
5150:
5115:
5099:
4971:
4946:
4935:
4913:
4888:
4838:
4820:
4734:
4726:
4682:
4624:
4586:
4514:
4460:
4415:
4372:
4339:
4335:
4291:
4213:
4157:
4049:
4019:
3954:
3902:
3626:
3518:
3491:
3356:
3287:
3248:
3209:
3182:
3099:
2969:
2896:
2850:
2822:
2713:
2435:
2408:
2266:
2176:
2160:
2148:
2109:
2082:
2013:
1987:
1942:
1641:, Shammar and Dhofar generally do not exceed 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in height.
1611:
1588:
781:
733:
615:
570:
4746:
4598:
2610:
2020:
The seventh century saw the rise of Islam as the peninsula's dominant religion. The
1929:
has revealed the existence of many civilizations in pre-Islamic Arabia (such as the
9056:
9051:
9041:
8970:
8647:
8601:
8544:
8473:
8336:
8230:
8179:
8157:
8010:
7957:
7896:
7257:
7106:
7025:
6888:
6816:
6498:
6226:
6200:
5890:
4828:
4812:
4718:
4672:
4664:
4576:
4568:
4452:
4248:
Tertiary laterite of the As Sarat Mountains, Asir Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3622:
3014:
2979:
2618:
2560:
2297:
2231:
2211:
2164:
2036:
1970:
1946:
1638:
1604:
1574:
1425:
1399:
752:
725:
330:
4877:
4456:
3448:
1610:
Northwest: Aside from the Sarawat, the northern portion of Saudi Arabia hosts the
8942:
8443:
8431:
8416:
8371:
8321:
8261:
8203:
8164:
8152:
8145:
8054:
7871:
7854:
7829:
7357:
7273:
7111:
7096:
6985:
6940:
6824:
6796:
6713:
6703:
6677:
6672:
6637:
6367:
6216:
6186:
6127:
5950:
5499:
5245:
5236:
5218:
5173:
5167:
The Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830–1861, by Caesar E. Farah
5137:
5124:
4862:
4544:
3942:
3892:
3825:
3487:
3171:
3095:
2701:
2219:
2168:
2027:
was born in Mecca in about 570 and first began preaching in the city in 610, but
2021:
1954:
1615:
1567:
1515:
than any other region in the world. In general, the climate is extremely hot and
1349:
796:
460:
367:
315:
99:
76:
62:
7236:
6263:
2250:
became the pilgrimage destinations for large numbers of Muslims from across the
9087:
9036:
8935:
8899:
8879:
8862:
8802:
8566:
8458:
8436:
8426:
8278:
8256:
8140:
8135:
8120:
8115:
8042:
7988:
7940:
7911:
7817:
7807:
7365:
7263:
7251:
7132:
6950:
6915:
6896:
6878:
6804:
6746:
6662:
6642:
6632:
6622:
6607:
6596:
6590:
6582:
6572:
6466:
6148:
5868:
5822:
4816:
4668:
4153:
Gazetteer of Arabia: a geographical and tribal history of the Arabian Peninsula
3053:
2994:
2533:
2475:
2385:
2384:
The provincial Ottoman Army for Arabia (Arabistan Ordusu) was headquartered in
1966:
1871:
1780:
1776:
1752:
1596:
1457:
1449:
1429:
795:
peninsular country in the Persian Gulf on the larger peninsula, is home to the
633:
619:
611:
596:
576:
542:
5211:
4572:
4410:. Vol. 2: Agriculture and forestry under marginal soil water conditions.
3856:
2806:
Qasr al Farid, tomb in Archeological site Mada'in Saleh, Al-`Ula, Saudi Arabia
1658:
9134:
9116:
9103:
9061:
8930:
8922:
8889:
8626:
8576:
8468:
8463:
8453:
8303:
8266:
8174:
8169:
8071:
7976:
6990:
6910:
6840:
6771:
6165:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5683:
4824:
4730:
2644:
2483:
2400:
2316:. Although, the Sharifs exercised at most times independent authority in the
2274:
2251:
2215:
2028:
1856:
1796:
1600:
1495:
exist beneath much of the peninsula, however, and where this water surfaces,
1465:
1055:
states with their coastline in the Persian Gulf: UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait
808:
741:
737:
580:
546:
413:
42:
4722:
4119:
2447:
2293:. However, from the 10th century (and, in fact, until the 20th century) the
1733:
8965:
8904:
8884:
8874:
8584:
8556:
8311:
8049:
7983:
7952:
7901:
7773:
7702:
7639:
7629:
7160:
7148:
6929:
6845:
6829:
6810:
6738:
6693:
6667:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6627:
6538:
6440:
6268:
6221:
5955:
5930:
5741:
5736:
5265:
King Hussein and the Kingdom of Hejaz, Randall Baker, Oleander Press 1979,
5098:
Farah, Caesar (1994). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (5th ed.), pp.145–147
4842:
4738:
4686:
4590:
4323:
2836:
2758:
2514:
2388:, which included Palestine, the Transjordan region in addition to Lebanon (
2191:
2108:. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that
2074:
2066:
1962:
1934:
1896:
1866:
1861:
1827:
on 16 June 2015, the most over-stressed aquifer system in the world is the
1645:
1543:
1441:
Stretches of dry or marshy coastland with coral reefs on the Red Sea side (
1383:
AR-Arabian Plate, velocities with respect to Africa in millimeters per year
1271:
1211:
1131:
1111:
1082:
729:
685:
649:
604:
558:
526:
491:
475:
471:
440:
197:
2262:
1961:). From 106 AD to 630 AD northwestern Arabia was under the control of the
416:. At 3,237,500 km (1,250,000 sq mi), comparable in size to
9021:
8980:
8911:
8616:
8505:
8448:
8376:
8326:
8213:
8189:
8078:
7916:
7834:
7812:
7788:
7634:
7624:
7304:
7294:
7289:
7279:
6935:
6865:
6682:
6506:
6471:
6445:
6389:
6122:
6090:
6080:
4625:"Saudi Arabia's Qassim stone axe find points to prehistoric 'crossroads'"
4251:. Vol. 2. Directorate General of Mineral Resources. pp. iii–2.
3725:
2984:
2693:
2648:
2633:
2521:
2399:
The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the
2070:
1926:
1800:
1592:
1548:
1366:
1156:
584:
507:
495:
487:
483:
292:
4581:
2547:
These events were followed by the foundation of Saudi Arabia under King
1973:
in the 4th, 5th and early 6th centuries. Eastern Arabia was home to the
1377:
767:
728:
and the Gulf of Oman on the east, the Arabian Sea on the southeast, the
8551:
8520:
8346:
8341:
8005:
7966:
7928:
7846:
7719:
7604:
7599:
7361:
7284:
7154:
7090:
6870:
6850:
6511:
6160:
6070:
6050:
5900:
5628:
5623:
4156:. Vol. 2. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. pp. 117–288.
2989:
2880:
2321:
2121:
1508:
1360:
534:
499:
5550:
4990:
Philip Khuri Hitti (2002), History of the Arabs, Revised: 10th Edition
4645:"The expansion of later Acheulean hominins into the Arabian Peninsula"
2712:
in March 2015. The civil war and subsequent military intervention and
8998:
8657:
8631:
8561:
8539:
8532:
8316:
8093:
8027:
7923:
7746:
7729:
7614:
7609:
7583:
7349:
6687:
6231:
6095:
6045:
5965:
5960:
5905:
5838:
5581:
4283:
3576:"New International Encyclopedia – 2nd Edition, Dodd, Mead, Co., 1914"
2865:
2493:
2416:
2294:
2278:
2195:
2113:
2058:
1852:
1788:
1784:
1768:
1682:
1512:
1395:
1296:
522:
503:
405:
401:
297:
267:
5486:
5424:"UK, US and France may be complicit in Yemen war crimes – UN report"
5285:"The Egyptian-Yemen War: Egyptian perspectives on Guerrilla warfare"
2790:
The facade of a tomb with its details and architectural elements in
2474:
The railway was started in 1900 at the behest of the Ottoman Sultan
2356:
1551:
in the west of present-day Yemen include Arabia's highest mountain,
704:, and on through the remainder of the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas.
89:
8525:
8130:
8066:
8037:
7947:
7906:
7714:
7694:
7574:
6602:
6155:
6040:
5920:
5910:
5873:
5858:
5843:
5833:
5756:
5751:
5504:
2940:
2900:
2670:
2660:
2510:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2312:
but in the 13th century it was extended to include the rest of the
2282:
2239:
2198:
requires every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it, as one of the
2101:
2086:
2051:
2024:
1982:
1950:
1844:
1792:
1719:
1701:
302:
4332:
Mecca the Blessed, Medina the Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam
2411:, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader
2047:- a single Arab Muslim religious polity in the Arabian Peninsula.
2008:
1700:
A subrange of the Jabal Shammar mountains in the desert region of
1491:, which are dry except during the rainy season. Plentiful ancient
700:, where the Euphrates river makes its descent into Syria, through
459:. The largest of these is Saudi Arabia. In the classical era, the
8497:
8235:
8125:
8083:
7971:
7783:
7778:
7707:
7353:
7341:
6855:
6175:
6170:
5935:
5915:
5895:
5863:
5853:
5786:
5781:
5771:
5766:
3024:
2818:
2443:
2341:
2329:
2300:
maintained a state in the most developed part of the region, the
2286:
2132:
2055:
1772:
1649:
1584:
1492:
1472:
1442:
1236:
1074:
697:
554:
467:
424:
257:
167:
148:
6336:
5186:
Harris, Ian; Mews, Stuart; Morris, Paul; Shepherd, John (1992).
9003:
8107:
8061:
7768:
7755:
7034:
6206:
5975:
5673:
5668:
5613:
5608:
4641:
4205:
2955:
2936:
2920:
2673:. Egypt, Qatar, Syria, and Saudi Arabia joined a multinational
2552:
2537:
2479:
2451:
2309:
2247:
2235:
2187:
2105:
2097:
2032:
1930:
1916:
1764:
1748:
1622:
1532:
1516:
1369:
in southeastern Arabia (Oman), also known as the 'Turtle Beach'
1276:
1256:
1151:
1136:
1116:
1078:
748:
677:
669:
627:
479:
466:
The Arabian Peninsula formed as a result of the rifting of the
456:
428:
420:, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.
409:
277:
272:
262:
237:
232:
182:
177:
4789:
4042:زبارة, محمد بن محمد بن يحيى اليمني/الصنعاني (1 January 1998).
2368:
1644:
Not all mountains in the peninsula are visibly within ranges.
1402:, lies exposed in the mountains of the UAE and northern Oman.
1089:
The eleven most populous cities on the Arabian Peninsula are:
8854:
8749:
8293:
7591:
7575:
7196:
5980:
5585:
5516:
4287:
3514:
A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered
2904:
2754:
2439:
2345:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2301:
2290:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2207:
2183:
2078:
2040:
1980:
The Arabian Peninsula has long been accepted as the original
1958:
1920:
1912:
1756:
1686:
1630:
1556:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1461:
1433:
1421:
1414:
1316:
1216:
1196:
1176:
1171:
756:
653:
623:
550:
530:
448:
436:
417:
393:
282:
252:
247:
242:
207:
192:
153:
5455:"The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See"
4542:
2304:. Their domain originally comprised only the holy cities of
1413:, with fertile valleys and pastures used for the grazing of
1342:
7888:
6358:
5643:
5638:
2704:, dissatisfied with the outcomes of the national dialogue,
2541:
2487:
2404:
2393:
2390:
Mount Lebanon was, however, a semi-autonomous mutasarrifate
2203:
2140:
1809:
1488:
1410:
1311:
1251:
693:
538:
518:
514:
452:
432:
351:
348:
342:
333:
287:
187:
172:
5235:. The grant of economic preference to Great Britain." see
4048:(in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah (دار الكتب العلمية).
2520:
The major developments of the early 20th century were the
2490:, an inalienable religious endowment or charitable trust.
2469:
2127:
30:"Arabia" and "Arabian" redirect here. For other uses, see
4402:
Lieth, Helmut; Al Masoom, A. A., eds. (6 December 2012).
1783:. The sea surrounding the Arabian Peninsula is generally
5507:
from the World Digital Library, depicts a map from 1707.
5185:
4932:
4849:
4045:نيل الوطر من تراجم رجال اليمن في القرن الثالث عشر 1–2 ج1
954:
Political Definition: Gulf Cooperation Council and Yemen
5511:
Wahab, Robert Alexander; Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler;
5354:
BBC World News, Arab Uprising:Country by Country -Yemen
4699:
2943:
civilization, in the Neolithic period, (about 8000 BC).
2579:
The second major development has been the discovery of
2555:. Continuing his conquests, Abdulaziz subdued Al-Hasa,
2536:
and creating a single unified Arab state spanning from
2281:
were based at various times in such far away cities as
6455:
4379:
and Emirates Natural History Group. pp. 149–168.
4079:
4077:
2532:
with the aim of securing independence from the ruling
2190:
remained the spiritually most important places in the
4014:. Vol. 1. Cavendish Square Publishing. pp.
2151:. The period of these first four caliphs is known as
1577:
of southern Oman, contiguous with the eastern Yemeni
354:
7487:
Highest mountain in the UAE, but the peak is in Oman
4515:"Study: Third of Big Groundwater Basins in Distress"
3720:
3718:
2035:
in 622. From there he and his companions united the
1468:(in modern-day Saudi Arabia), according to an author
345:
339:
4182:
4074:
3652:A.S. Alsharhan, Z. A. Rizk, A. E. M. Nairn , 2001,
3641:
The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law
2919:Bull's head, made of copper in the early period of
2567:, with their expansion only ending in 1934 after a
2528:. The Arab Revolt (1916–1918) was initiated by the
2524:during World War I and the subsequent collapse and
2159:. Under the Rashidun Caliphs, and, from 661, their
336:
5510:
4907:
4876:
3890:
3517:. University of California Press. pp. 60–61.
3388:Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (14 May 2017).
3170:
2494:The Arab Revolt and the foundation of Saudi Arabia
5131:Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Arabia
4120:"Jabal an-Nabī Shu'ayb, Bani Matar, Sanaa, Yemen"
3715:
2502:Physical and political elements of Arabia in 1929
1819:(GRACE) satellite data (2003–2013) analysed in a
1085:, the most populous city in the Arabian Peninsula
780:, the Peninsula's geopolitical outline faces the
494:to the southeast. The peninsula plays a critical
9132:
4037:
4035:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
2753:Ain Zubaydah was built to water the pilgrims in
2419:, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. The
7532:Highest confirmed peak in the Arabian Peninsula
5001:Introduction to Semitic Comparative Linguistics
4395:
4364:
4188:
4145:
4143:
4141:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3480:Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt
1957:(usually considered to be the biblical land of
1452:, the most important of which are those of the
747:The most prominent feature of the peninsula is
423:Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula includes
5083:
5013:The Language of Palestine and Adjacent Regions
4401:
4238:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3861:. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 15.
3818:
3607:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
3553:, Published by Longmans, Green and co., 1939,
3441:
3418:
1511:, which allowed the peninsula to produce more
607:named three regions with the prefix "Arabia".
7560:
7066:List of mountains in the United Arab Emirates
6322:
5566:
5038:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
4509:
4507:
4280:Patterns of Regional Geography: World regions
4032:
3979:
3506:
3504:
2777:Omar Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia.
2242:'s grave; as a result, from the 7th century,
1725:Coconut palms line corniches of Al-Hafa, Oman
614:("Stony Arabia"): it consisted of the former
115:3,237,500 km (1,250,000 sq mi)
7074:
6375:
4138:
3927:
381:
68:
54:
7399:Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
7390:Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar
6887:
5282:
4970:. London: Aurum Press Ltd. pp. 25–31.
4482:"The Emergence of the Arabian Oil Industry"
4446:
4371:Gardner, Andrew Somerville (January 2004).
4290:: Concept Publishing Company. p. 354.
3877:
1595:to the east of Yemen, as well as those of
7567:
7553:
7303:
6329:
6315:
5573:
5559:
5248:, By Randall Baker, Oleander Press, 1979,
4504:
4267:
4244:
3940:
3848:
3501:
3087:
2218:at least once in his or her lifetime. The
672:), and its major divisions were the bilad
224:15 largest cities on the Arabian Peninsula
98:
88:
5539:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, The
5493:High resolution scan of old map of Arabia
5077:
5025:Historische semitische Sprachwissenschaft
4912:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 319.
4832:
4676:
4580:
4114:
4112:
3998:
3604:
3355:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 337.
3091:Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary
2139:On his death in 634, he was succeeded by
1969:. Central Arabia was the location of the
502:and globally due to its vast reserves of
6999:
5291:. No. Jan–Feb, 2004. Archived from
4479:
4316:
4149:
3854:
3549:See for example Palestine: The Reality,
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
2609:from 1962 to 1970. The war began with a
2597:The North Yemen Civil War was fought in
2586:
2513:, the founding father and first king of
2505:
2497:
2375:
2367:
2355:
2261:
2126:
2007:
1895:
1607:in what is now northwestern Saudi Arabia
1542:
1073:
766:
557:for the western coast), as described by
314:
93:
5580:
5452:
5421:
5390:
5283:Aboul-Enein, Youssef (1 January 2004).
5221:". Library of Congress Country Studies.
4937:On the Reliability of the Old Testament
4370:
2681:
2470:Late Ottoman rule and the Hejaz Railway
1817:Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
762:
319:Satellite view of the Arabian Peninsula
14:
9133:
4965:
4941:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p.
4874:
4273:
4109:
3510:
3280:Dodge, Christine Huda (1 April 2003).
3240:
3201:
3064:
3062:
3048:
3046:
2613:carried out by the republican leader,
2157:Rashidun or "rightly guided" Caliphate
2135:'s empire and its vassals shown in red
1821:University of California, Irvine (UCI)
978:
837:
463:was also considered a part of Arabia.
7548:
6310:
5554:
5422:Wintour, Patrick (3 September 2019).
5276:
5233:and the future independent Arab State
5188:Contemporary Religions: A World Guide
4245:Overstreet, William Courtney (1977).
4210:Springer Science & Business Media
4062:from the original on 25 February 2021
4041:
3915:from the original on 15 February 2017
3836:from the original on 20 February 2020
3459:from the original on 25 February 2021
3387:
3348:
3279:
3124:
1881:
1865:finger bone found at Al Wusta in the
1507:) and permit agriculture, especially
5453:Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017).
5434:from the original on 22 October 2019
5238:King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz
4771:from the original on 2 December 2018
4383:from the original on 14 January 2019
4352:from the original on 31 October 2021
4322:
4255:from the original on 8 December 2020
4226:from the original on 31 October 2021
4170:from the original on 31 October 2021
3865:from the original on 31 October 2021
3736:from the original on 6 November 2014
3320:"15 Largest Peninsulas in the World"
3300:from the original on 31 October 2021
3112:from the original on 6 February 2016
3036:
3020:List of Arabian cities by population
2617:, which dethroned the newly crowned
2173:conquering huge swathes of territory
1527:and valleys, drained by a system of
803:and its English-language subsidiary
5465:from the original on 31 August 2017
4198:Vegetation of the Arabian Peninsula
3778:
3568:
3447:
3369:from the original on 1 October 2022
3168:
3059:
3043:
2669:by Iraqi forces led to the 1990–91
2320:, they were usually subject to the
1591:, which can be seen to include the
1051:Population of 4 smallest (in area)
771:The constituent countries of Arabia
382:
371:
69:
55:
24:
6339:mountains on the Arabian Peninsula
5480:
5403:from the original on 30 March 2022
4449:Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
4428:from the original on 30 March 2019
4192:; Fisher, Martin (17 April 2013).
3667:"Arabian Peninsula Countries 2021"
3490:, David Frankfurter, BRILL, 1998,
3429:from the original on 20 April 2021
3330:from the original on 17 March 2021
3169:Niz, Ellen Sturm (10 April 2006).
2665:In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. The
2526:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
1892:Arabian Peninsula in the Roman era
1424:in the north, which is stony; the
973:
832:
25:
9177:
6550:List of volcanoes in Saudi Arabia
6545:List of mountains in Saudi Arabia
5546:
5532:Arabia: Cultural-Historical Zones
5212:The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam
4933:Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (2003).
4605:from the original on 14 June 2020
4525:from the original on 27 June 2015
4126:from the original on 12 June 2020
4097:from the original on 9 March 2021
3586:from the original on 24 June 2016
3531:from the original on 13 June 2020
3137:
2551:. In 1902, Ibn Saud had captured
2351:
784:and the Somali Sea to the south.
9075:
9074:
8407:West South Central United States
7526:
7235:
7189:
7174:
7142:Outliers, outcrops or anticlines
7050:
6967:
6531:
6488:
6351:
6285:
6284:
6262:
5780:
5765:
5750:
5735:
5697:
5682:
5667:
5652:
5637:
5622:
5607:
4492:from the original on 1 June 2021
4328:"1: The Holiest Cities of Islam"
4304:from the original on 3 June 2021
3967:from the original on 2 July 2020
3673:from the original on 9 July 2021
3627:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.015
3455:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
3400:from the original on 11 May 2021
3261:from the original on 19 May 2021
3222:from the original on 19 May 2021
3150:from the original on 22 May 2019
3088:Hopkins, Daniel J.; 편집부 (2001).
2948:
2928:
2912:
2888:
2873:
2858:
2843:
2829:
2811:
2799:
2783:
2769:
2746:
2730:
2407:in central Arabia in 1744, when
2230:, Islam's holiest site, and the
1993:
1732:
1718:
1693:
1671:
1657:
1376:
1359:
1341:
1310:
1290:
1270:
1250:
1230:
1210:
1190:
1170:
1150:
1130:
1110:
372:شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة
329:
8622:Latin America and the Caribbean
8488:Latin America and the Caribbean
7517:
7508:
7499:
7490:
7481:
7472:
7463:
7452:
7441:
7432:
7420:
7411:
7402:
7393:
7384:
7375:
6108:Possible future supercontinents
5446:
5415:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5331:
5307:
5259:
5224:
5204:
5179:
5160:
5143:
5108:
5092:
5084:L. Gardet; J. Jomier. "Islam".
5068:
5042:
5030:
5017:
5005:
4993:
4984:
4959:
4926:
4901:
4883:. Bloomsbury Academic. p.
4868:
4783:
4753:
4693:
4635:
4617:
4536:
4473:
4440:
4412:Springer Science+Business Media
3808:
3792:. 7 August 2007. Archived from
3748:
3685:
3659:
3646:
3633:
3598:
3559:
3543:
3511:Salibi, Kamal Suleiman (1988).
3471:
3412:
3381:
3352:Geopolitics of the World System
3342:
3205:Encyclopedia of World Geography
2688:Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
2574:
1709:
1448:Oases and marshy coast-land in
70:شِبْه ٱلْجَزِيرَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
6338:
4910:Historical Dictionary of Yemen
4553:Nature Ecology & Evolution
4480:Sorkhabi, Rasoul (June 2008).
4451:. Springer. pp. 790–798.
4373:"The reptiles of Jebel Hafeet"
3894:Historical Dictionary of Yemen
3312:
3273:
3234:
3195:
3162:
3081:
3000:European exploration of Arabia
2710:military intervention in Yemen
2603:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
2277:, in which the most important
2257:
1923:in the west of the peninsula.
1906:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
1436:
965:Historical population (Gulf 4)
776:Yemen's jurisdiction over the
587:period, the area was known as
13:
1:
7344:are indicated with 'OC', and
5086:Encyclopaedia of Islam Online
5036:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995)
5011:Courtenay, James John (2009)
4457:10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_123
3826:"World City Populations 2022"
3669:. worldpopulationreview.com.
3241:Condra, Jill (9 April 2013).
3202:McColl, R. W. (14 May 2014).
3075:
2478:and was built largely by the
2380:The Arabian Peninsula in 1923
2372:The Arabian Peninsula in 1914
1900:Pre-Islamic Arabia in 1000 BC
1503:, two of the world's largest
818:
708:The provinces of Arabia were:
8089:Middle East and North Africa
7794:Middle East and North Africa
5886:Other prehistoric continents
4274:Mandal, Ram Bahadur (1990).
4150:Scoville, Sheila A. (2006).
3654:Waterology of an Arid Region
3349:Cohen, Saul Bernard (2003).
1791:with the Red Sea coral, the
1621:Central: The Najd hosts the
1614:, which include the Aja and
1538:
1332:
1325:
713:
564:
7:
5023:Kienast, Burkhart. (2001).
4999:Gray, Louis Herbert (2006)
4908:Robert D. Burrowes (2010).
3941:McLaughlin, Daniel (2008).
3891:Robert D. Burrowes (2010).
3790:Central Intelligence Agency
3394:www.netherlandsworldwide.nl
2962:
2654:
2456:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
2454:, Iraq with Kuwait, Syria,
2202:, to make a pilgrimage, or
1939:South Arabian civilizations
1878:to all of Western Eurasia.
1405:The peninsula consists of:
1058:Sources:1950–2000 2000–2014
957:Sources:1950–2000 2000–2014
388:
377:shibhu l-jazīra l-ʿarabiyya
376:
123:95,000,000 (2023 estimate )
10:
9182:
8382:Northeastern United States
7205:List of volcanoes in Yemen
5541:National Library of Israel
5063:Tabatabaei (1979), p.30–50
4856:Saudi Embassy (US) Website
4817:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7
4669:10.1038/s41598-018-35242-5
4276:"VI: A Regional Geography"
4089:. Vol. II (81/688).
3551:Joseph Mary Nagle Jeffries
3140:"Arabia | peninsula, Asia"
2939:is made of stone from the
2723:
2685:
2658:
2590:
2413:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2234:(the Prophet's Mosque) in
2131:The Middle East, c. 1190.
1997:
1903:
1885:
1834:
1625:Escarpment or Tuwair range
1599:(once part of Yemen) and
1535:deserts lies to the east.
717:
568:
40:
29:
9070:
9012:
8989:
8956:
8920:
8853:
8747:
8655:
8646:
8575:
8496:
8302:
8106:
7887:
7845:
7754:
7745:
7693:
7650:
7590:
7334:
7244:
7233:
7213:
7187:
7172:
7141:
7121:
7081:
7048:
7024:
6976:
6965:
6795:
6770:
6737:
6712:
6581:
6563:
6529:
6497:
6486:
6426:
6403:
6366:
6349:
6345:
6254:
6012:
6008:
5807:
5803:
5724:
5720:
5596:
5592:
5140:retrieved 18 January 2011
4865:retrieved 20 January 2011
4573:10.1038/s41559-018-0698-9
4559:(12). Nature: 1871–1878.
3830:worldpopulationreview.com
3422:Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan
2853:King Dhamar'ali Yahbur II
2601:between royalists of the
2124:, or "Wars of Apostasy".
1855:tools found in Saffaqah,
1603:the latter including the
1531:. A crescent of sand and
1069:
1050:
991:—
953:
850:—
720:Geography of Saudi Arabia
643:Travels in Arabia Deserta
600:
380:, "Arabian Peninsula" or
216:
160:
147:
135:
127:
119:
111:
85:
56:ٱلْجَزِيرَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
8863:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
7867:Transantarctic Mountains
7523:Shared with Saudi Arabia
7356:are indicated with 'V',
6295:Chronology of continents
5393:"How the Houthis Did It"
5190:. Longman. p. 369.
4875:Gordon, Matthew (2005).
4202:Sultan Qaboos University
3899:Rowman & Littlefield
3756:"International Programs"
3693:"International Programs"
3005:Gulf Cooperation Council
2975:Ancient history of Yemen
1825:Water Resources Research
1823:-led study published in
1761:tropical monsoon climate
1420:A range of deserts: the
789:Gulf Cooperation Council
408:, situated northeast of
41:Not to be confused with
36:Arabian (disambiguation)
8612:Caribbean South America
5524:Encyclopædia Britannica
5391:Kasinof, Laura (2015).
4723:10.1126/science.1199113
4004:"Geography and climate"
3855:Prothero, G.W. (1920).
3419:Ibn al-Faqih (c. 903).
3208:. Infobase Publishing.
3144:Encyclopedia Britannica
2935:The head and body of a
2923:(ca. 2000 BC), Bahrain.
2279:medieval Islamic states
2226:is the location of the
2153:al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn
2143:as caliph, followed by
2100:of Muhammad, nominated
1587:of the Red Sea are the
1499:form (e.g. Al-Hasa and
1409:A central plateau, the
1352:in central Saudi Arabia
579:and large parts of the
32:Arabia (disambiguation)
9156:Landforms of West Asia
9146:Geography of West Asia
8392:Southern United States
8195:Scandinavian Peninsula
6951:Mountains of Adh-Dhahr
6056:Great Australian Bight
3286:. Simon and Schuster.
2641:Faisal of Saudi Arabia
2530:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali
2517:
2503:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2270:
2222:(the Grand Mosque) in
2136:
2017:
2000:Early Muslim conquests
1901:
1829:Arabian Aquifer System
1612:Jabal Shamar Mountains
1559:
1086:
772:
736:on the south, and the
478:to the northeast, the
451:, as well as southern
320:
27:Peninsula in West Asia
8868:Antarctic Convergence
8412:Western United States
7313:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
5513:Goeje, Michael Jan de
5244:22 March 2015 at the
5217:16 March 2017 at the
5060:Madelung (1996), p.43
4966:Taylor, Jane (2005).
4797:Nature Communications
4190:Ghazanfar, Shahina A.
4091:Qatar Digital Library
4010:World and Its Peoples
3786:"The World Fact book"
3582:. 1914. p. 795.
3486:1 August 2017 at the
3068:Southern region only.
2899:city in the historic
2706:launched an offensive
2593:North Yemen Civil War
2587:North Yemen Civil War
2509:
2501:
2379:
2371:
2359:
2265:
2200:five pillars of Islam
2130:
2050:Under the subsequent
2011:
1904:Further information:
1899:
1839:Stone tools from the
1635:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
1555:or Jabal Hadhur near
1553:Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb
1546:
1392:Arabian-Nubian Shield
1077:
824:Historical population
813:2003 invasion of Iraq
770:
581:Syrian-Arabian desert
486:to the north and the
318:
104:Hide national borders
94:Show national borders
7934:Greater Central Asia
7058:United Arab Emirates
6280:Continental fragment
6275:Regions of the world
5498:14 July 2014 at the
5057:Lapidus (2002), p.32
5054:Hourani (2003), p.22
4414:. pp. 271–274.
4324:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
3766:on 24 September 2015
3703:on 24 September 2015
3177:. Capstone. p.
2763:Zubaidah bint Ja'far
2682:2014 Yemen civil war
2605:and factions of the
2581:vast reserves of oil
2118:Eastern Roman Empire
2039:under the banner of
1876:Neolithic Revolution
1815:According to NASA's
1763:, in particular the
1583:West: Bordering the
763:Political boundaries
445:United Arab Emirates
203:United Arab Emirates
9113: /
9080:Continents of Earth
8607:Brazilian Highlands
8016:Indian subcontinent
7877:Antarctic Peninsula
7675:Southern Hemisphere
7670:Northern Hemisphere
7429:, shared with Yemen
7417:Shared with the UAE
7408:Shared with the UAE
7381:Shared with the UAE
6237:Indian Subcontinent
6027:Submerged continent
5172:14 May 2016 at the
4809:2024NatCo..15.1882V
4715:2011Sci...331..453A
4661:2018NatSR...817165S
4565:2018NatEE...2.1871R
4086:Gazetteer of Arabia
4000:Cavendish, Marshall
3951:Bradt Travel Guides
3619:2007JVGR..159..267W
3010:Iram of the Pillars
2821:the capital of the
2607:Yemen Arab Republic
2267:Portuguese colonies
2238:is the location of
2145:Uthman ibn al-Affan
2094:Umar ibn al-Khattab
2063:Indian subcontinent
2045:First Islamic State
1975:Dilmun civilization
1965:, which renamed it
1755:. Goat, sheep, and
1739:Red Sea coral reefs
1479:and Eastern Yemen (
1417:and other livestock
1348:A caravan crossing
966:
825:
799:television station
778:Socotra Archipelago
545:(Eastern Arabia or
82:
9161:Peninsulas of Asia
9151:Historical regions
8895:Great Barrier Reef
8516:Mainland Australia
8224:Apennine Peninsula
7685:Western Hemisphere
7660:Eastern Hemisphere
7124:Shumayliyyah range
6921:Jabal an Nukhaylah
6018:
5813:
5730:
5602:
5537:Old maps of Arabia
5459:The New York Times
5295:on 3 February 2007
5136:3 May 2015 at the
5051:Holt (1977a), p.57
4861:2016-03-04 at the
4649:Scientific Reports
4212:. pp. 27–55.
3901:. pp. 5–340.
3138:Nijim, Basheer K.
3094:(Third ed.).
3030:Musandam Peninsula
2698:Ali Abdullah Saleh
2667:invasion of Kuwait
2630:Gamal Abdel Nasser
2626:Egyptian President
2615:Abdullah as-Sallal
2549:Abdulaziz Ibn Saud
2518:
2511:Abdulaziz Ibn Saud
2504:
2421:Emirate of Diriyah
2382:
2374:
2366:
2271:
2167:and destroyed the
2161:Umayyad successors
2137:
2018:
2004:Islamic Golden Age
1990:by most scholars.
1902:
1888:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1882:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1849:Al-Qassim Province
1841:Middle Paleolithic
1560:
1087:
964:
823:
805:Al Jazeera English
773:
638:Charles M. Doughty
383:جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب
321:
128:Population density
50:
9141:Arabian Peninsula
9096:
9095:
8976:Mediterranean Rim
8849:
8848:
8788:Mediterranean Sea
8642:
8641:
8595:Amazon Rainforest
8422:Canadian Prairies
8387:Pacific Northwest
8248:Iberian Peninsula
8033:Arabian Peninsula
7860:Antarctic Plateau
7620:Three/Four Worlds
7542:
7541:
7438:Shared with Yemen
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7225:Jabal Husn Ghuraf
7183:
7182:
7170:
7169:
7044:
7043:
7020:
7019:
7012:Shammar Mountains
6963:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6791:
6790:
6525:
6524:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6422:
6421:
6399:
6398:
6304:
6303:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6244:
6066:Kerguelen Plateau
6004:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5487:Travels in Arabia
5289:Infantry Magazine
5197:978-0-582-08695-1
5120:978-0-8133-4275-7
5104:978-0-8120-1853-0
4894:978-0-313-32522-9
4879:The Rise of Islam
4709:(6016): 453–456.
4631:. 2 January 2021.
4466:978-90-481-2639-2
4421:978-9-4011-1860-6
4345:978-1-4629-1365-7
4336:Tuttle Publishing
4297:978-8-1702-2292-7
4219:978-9-4017-3637-4
4163:978-0-7614-7571-2
4055:978-2-7451-2623-8
4025:978-0-7614-7571-2
3960:978-1-8416-2212-5
3908:978-0-8108-5528-1
3796:on 12 August 2008
3730:citypopulation.de
3524:978-0-520-07196-4
3037:Explanatory notes
2970:Achaemenid Arabia
2823:first Saudi state
2739:old city of Sanaa
2436:Damascus Protocol
2415:, founder of the
2409:Muhammad bin Saud
2364:from 1744 to 1814
2362:first Saudi State
2360:Expansion of the
2177:Iberian peninsula
2149:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2110:Ali ibn Abi Talib
2083:Iberian Peninsula
2014:Umayyad Caliphate
1988:Semitic languages
1943:Himyarite Kingdom
1933:), especially in
1919:, located in the
1570:, of UAE and Oman
1330:
1329:
1063:
1062:
1059:
962:
961:
958:
782:Guardafui Channel
734:Guardafui Channel
630:) as its capital.
616:Nabataean Kingdom
571:Etymology of Arab
392:, "Island of the
325:Arabian Peninsula
313:
312:
51:Arabian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
9173:
9128:
9127:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9118:
9114:
9111:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9078:
9077:
9057:Global Southwest
9052:Global Southeast
9042:Global Northwest
9037:Global Northeast
9027:Global Heartland
8971:Indian Ocean Rim
8653:
8652:
8545:Island Melanesia
8236:Balkan Peninsula
8011:Himalayan states
7958:Russian Far East
7752:
7751:
7680:Water Hemisphere
7569:
7562:
7555:
7546:
7545:
7533:
7530:
7524:
7521:
7515:
7514:Shared with Oman
7512:
7506:
7505:Shared with Oman
7503:
7497:
7494:
7488:
7485:
7479:
7478:Shared with Oman
7476:
7470:
7469:Shared with Oman
7467:
7461:
7456:
7450:
7445:
7439:
7436:
7430:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7409:
7406:
7400:
7397:
7391:
7388:
7382:
7379:
7358:volcanic craters
7301:
7300:
7258:Harras of Dhamar
7239:
7215:Hadhramaut range
7211:
7210:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7178:
7079:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7056:
7054:
7053:
6997:
6996:
6971:
6946:Jabal Umm Hayfā'
6885:
6884:
6836:Jabal Abu Qubays
6817:Al Wahbah crater
6780:Jabal Abu Hamdan
6763:
6730:
6710:
6709:
6699:Sh'af A'l Nassir
6579:
6578:
6561:
6560:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6492:
6453:
6452:
6424:
6423:
6415:Jabal Bani Jabar
6401:
6400:
6373:
6372:
6364:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6347:
6346:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6308:
6307:
6288:
6287:
6269:World portal
6267:
6266:
6204:
6153:
6110:
6038:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6009:
5888:
5826:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5784:
5769:
5754:
5739:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5721:
5701:
5686:
5671:
5656:
5641:
5626:
5611:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5528:
5527:(11th ed.).
5520:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5346:
5335:
5329:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5280:
5274:
5263:
5257:
5228:
5222:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5183:
5177:
5164:
5158:
5147:
5141:
5128:
5122:
5112:
5106:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5066:
5046:
5040:
5034:
5028:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4940:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4905:
4899:
4898:
4882:
4872:
4866:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4836:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4767:. 9 April 2018.
4757:
4751:
4750:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4680:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4584:
4545:Lee-Thorp, Julia
4540:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4521:, 16 June 2015,
4511:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4147:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4013:
3996:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3888:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3762:. Archived from
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3699:. Archived from
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3657:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3613:(1–3): 267–284.
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3508:
3499:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:"Arabia Petraea"
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3176:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3085:
3069:
3066:
3057:
3050:
3015:Kingdom of Aksum
2980:Arabian Gulf Cup
2952:
2932:
2916:
2892:
2877:
2862:
2847:
2833:
2815:
2803:
2787:
2773:
2750:
2734:
2619:Muhammad al-Badr
2417:Wahhabi movement
2298:Sharifs of Mecca
2232:Masjid al-Nabawi
2043:and created the
2037:tribes of Arabia
1971:Kingdom of Kinda
1951:Kingdom of Ma'īn
1947:Kingdom of Awsan
1736:
1722:
1697:
1675:
1661:
1575:Dhofar Mountains
1400:Semail Ophiolite
1380:
1363:
1345:
1315:
1314:
1295:
1294:
1275:
1274:
1255:
1254:
1235:
1234:
1215:
1214:
1195:
1194:
1175:
1174:
1155:
1154:
1135:
1134:
1115:
1114:
1092:
1091:
1057:
980:
975:
967:
963:
956:
839:
834:
826:
822:
753:Harrat ash Shaam
726:Strait of Hormuz
602:
391:
389:jazīratu l-ʿarab
385:
384:
379:
373:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
143:
105:
102:
95:
92:
83:
81:
80:
72:
71:
66:
58:
57:
49:
21:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9172:
9171:
9170:
9131:
9130:
9121:
9119:
9115:
9112:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9092:
9066:
9008:
8985:
8952:
8916:
8845:
8834:South China Sea
8743:
8686:Central America
8638:
8571:
8492:
8444:Northern Mexico
8432:Northern Canada
8417:Atlantic Canada
8372:Mountain states
8298:
8153:European Russia
8146:Southern Russia
8102:
8055:Iranian Plateau
7883:
7872:West Antarctica
7855:East Antarctica
7841:
7741:
7689:
7665:Land Hemisphere
7646:
7586:
7573:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7527:
7522:
7518:
7513:
7509:
7504:
7500:
7495:
7491:
7486:
7482:
7477:
7473:
7468:
7464:
7457:
7453:
7446:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7425:
7421:
7416:
7412:
7407:
7403:
7398:
7394:
7389:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7366:volcanic fields
7364:with 'LF', and
7348:with 'OL', and
7340:are different.
7318:
7299:
7274:Ibb Governorate
7240:
7231:
7209:
7190:
7188:
7179:
7166:
7137:
7117:
7097:Jabal Ar-Rahrah
7070:
7051:
7049:
7040:
7016:
6995:
6972:
6955:
6883:
6825:Harrat Lunayyir
6787:
6766:
6757:
6733:
6724:
6708:
6618:Jabal As-Sahla'
6613:Jabal Al-Qo'mah
6577:
6559:
6532:
6530:
6521:
6493:
6476:
6451:
6418:
6395:
6352:
6350:
6341:
6335:
6305:
6300:
6299:
6261:
6246:
6241:
6227:Eastern Siberia
6217:Central America
6205:
6198:
6192:
6187:Terra Australis
6154:
6138:
6132:
6128:Pangaea Proxima
6111:
6106:
6100:
6039:
6035:microcontinents
6024:
6000:
5995:
5941:East Antarctica
5889:
5884:
5878:
5827:
5823:supercontinents
5819:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5760:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5662:
5657:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5612:
5588:
5579:
5549:
5500:Wayback Machine
5483:
5481:Further reading
5478:
5468:
5466:
5451:
5447:
5437:
5435:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5336:
5332:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5281:
5277:
5264:
5260:
5246:Wayback Machine
5229:
5225:
5219:Wayback Machine
5209:
5205:
5198:
5184:
5180:
5174:Wayback Machine
5165:
5161:
5148:
5144:
5138:Wayback Machine
5129:
5125:
5113:
5109:
5097:
5093:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5047:
5043:
5035:
5031:
5022:
5018:
5010:
5006:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4873:
4869:
4863:Wayback Machine
4854:
4850:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4698:
4694:
4640:
4636:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4541:
4537:
4528:
4526:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4422:
4400:
4396:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4346:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4305:
4298:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4220:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4164:
4148:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4056:
4040:
4033:
4026:
3997:
3980:
3970:
3968:
3961:
3943:"1: Background"
3939:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3909:
3889:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3706:
3704:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3651:
3647:
3638:
3634:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3525:
3509:
3502:
3488:Wayback Machine
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3363:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3294:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3216:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3136:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3106:
3096:Merriam-Webster
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3034:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2933:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2869:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2839:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2804:
2795:
2794:, Saudi Arabia.
2788:
2779:
2774:
2765:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2726:
2718:famine in Yemen
2702:Houthi movement
2690:
2684:
2663:
2657:
2595:
2589:
2577:
2565:Emirate of Asir
2496:
2472:
2429:capturing Mecca
2425:sacking Karbala
2354:
2260:
2220:Masjid al-Haram
2022:Islamic prophet
2006:
1998:Main articles:
1996:
1955:Sabaean Kingdom
1908:
1894:
1886:Main articles:
1884:
1837:
1753:tropical fruits
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1676:
1667:
1662:
1652:of that range.
1593:Haraz Mountains
1573:Southeast: The
1566:Northeast: The
1549:Haraz Mountains
1541:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:Ad-Dahna Desert
1346:
1335:
1309:
1289:
1269:
1249:
1229:
1209:
1189:
1169:
1149:
1129:
1109:
1072:
1056:
955:
821:
797:Arabic-language
765:
722:
716:
573:
567:
515:Central Plateau
461:Sinai Peninsula
359:
332:
328:
309:
227:
226:
212:
141:
140:
107:
106:
103:
96:
74:
67:
60:
53:
52:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9179:
9169:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9088:Physical Earth
9071:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9018:
9016:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9006:
9001:
8995:
8993:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8962:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8939:
8938:
8927:
8925:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8902:
8900:Mariana Trench
8897:
8887:
8882:
8880:Atlantic Ocean
8877:
8872:
8871:
8870:
8859:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8841:Southern Ocean
8838:
8837:
8836:
8831:
8829:East China Sea
8821:
8820:
8819:
8809:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8763:Atlantic Ocean
8760:
8754:
8752:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8717:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8683:
8668:
8662:
8660:
8650:
8644:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8592:
8581:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8569:
8567:Remote Oceania
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8537:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8502:
8500:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8437:Western Canada
8434:
8429:
8427:Eastern Canada
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8308:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8216:
8211:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8143:
8141:South Caucasus
8138:
8136:North Caucasus
8128:
8118:
8112:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8047:
8046:
8045:
8043:South Caucasus
8035:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7996:
7986:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7964:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7945:
7944:
7943:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7921:
7920:
7919:
7914:
7912:Aralkum Desert
7909:
7899:
7893:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7869:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7851:
7849:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7810:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7703:Africa-Eurasia
7699:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7656:
7654:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7596:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7572:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7549:
7540:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7525:
7516:
7507:
7498:
7489:
7480:
7471:
7462:
7451:
7440:
7431:
7419:
7410:
7401:
7392:
7383:
7373:
7372:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7316:
7309:
7307:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7267:
7264:Harra es-Sawad
7261:
7255:
7252:Harra of Arhab
7248:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7222:Jabal Ar-Rays?
7219:
7217:
7208:
7207:
7201:
7199:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7158:
7152:
7145:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7133:Jebel Al-Heben
7129:
7127:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7087:
7085:
7083:Ru'us al-Jibal
7076:
7069:
7068:
7062:
7060:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6941:Jabal `Umayyid
6938:
6933:
6923:
6918:
6916:Jabal Al-Qalom
6913:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6897:Harrat al-Sham
6893:
6891:
6882:
6881:
6879:Safa and Marwa
6876:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6827:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6808:
6805:Harrat Khaybar
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6776:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6749:
6747:Fifa Mountains
6743:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6718:
6716:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6663:Jabal Moushref
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6633:Jabal Khalaqah
6630:
6625:
6623:Jebal As-Seqaa
6620:
6615:
6610:
6608:Jabal Al-Majaz
6605:
6599:
6597:Jabal Ad-Dhoor
6594:
6591:Harrat al Birk
6587:
6585:
6576:
6575:
6573:Jabal Al-Oraif
6569:
6567:
6558:
6557:
6555:Jabal Al-Qarah
6552:
6543:
6541:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6467:Jabal Al Harim
6463:
6461:
6458:Ru'us al-Jibal
6450:
6449:
6443:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6370:
6361:
6343:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6311:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6222:Eastern Africa
6219:
6214:
6209:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6006:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5816:
5814:
5808:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5778:
5776:
5763:
5761:
5748:
5746:
5733:
5731:
5725:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5695:
5693:
5680:
5678:
5665:
5663:
5650:
5648:
5635:
5633:
5620:
5618:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5590:
5589:
5578:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5555:
5548:
5547:External links
5545:
5544:
5543:
5534:
5529:
5518:"Arabia"
5508:
5502:
5490:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5445:
5414:
5397:Foreign Policy
5383:
5374:
5365:
5356:
5347:
5330:
5306:
5275:
5258:
5223:
5203:
5196:
5178:
5159:
5142:
5123:
5107:
5091:
5076:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5041:
5029:
5016:
5004:
4992:
4983:
4976:
4958:
4952:978-0802849601
4951:
4925:
4919:978-0810855281
4918:
4900:
4893:
4867:
4848:
4782:
4752:
4692:
4634:
4616:
4535:
4503:
4472:
4465:
4439:
4420:
4394:
4363:
4344:
4315:
4296:
4266:
4237:
4218:
4181:
4162:
4137:
4122:. Mindat.org.
4108:
4073:
4054:
4031:
4024:
3978:
3959:
3926:
3907:
3876:
3847:
3817:
3807:
3777:
3747:
3714:
3684:
3658:
3645:
3643:30.2. 305–334.
3632:
3597:
3567:
3558:
3542:
3523:
3500:
3470:
3440:
3411:
3380:
3361:
3341:
3311:
3292:
3272:
3253:
3233:
3214:
3194:
3187:
3161:
3123:
3105:978-0877795469
3104:
3098:. p. 61.
3079:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3054:island country
3041:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2995:Eastern Arabia
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2686:Main article:
2683:
2680:
2659:Main article:
2656:
2653:
2647:' role in the
2639:By 1970, King
2591:Main article:
2588:
2585:
2576:
2573:
2569:war with Yemen
2534:Ottoman Empire
2495:
2492:
2476:Abdul Hamid II
2471:
2468:
2458:, Jordan, and
2353:
2352:Modern history
2350:
2259:
2256:
2182:Nevertheless,
2169:Persian Empire
2165:Byzantine army
2096:, a prominent
1995:
1992:
1967:Arabia Petraea
1883:
1880:
1872:Basal Eurasian
1836:
1833:
1781:steppe climate
1777:desert climate
1738:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1704:, Saudi Arabia
1699:
1692:
1690:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1608:
1581:
1571:
1540:
1537:
1485:
1484:
1475:coastline of
1471:The southwest
1469:
1454:Al Ain emirate
1450:Eastern Arabia
1446:
1439:
1430:Arabian Desert
1418:
1398:on Earth, the
1382:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
992:
989:
986:
982:
981:
976:
971:
960:
959:
951:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
889:
885:
884:
881:
878:
874:
873:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
856:
852:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
835:
830:
820:
817:
764:
761:
715:
712:
658:
657:
647:
634:Arabia Deserta
631:
612:Arabia Petraea
577:Arabian desert
569:Main article:
566:
563:
311:
310:
308:
307:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
222:
221:
220:
218:
217:Largest cities
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
164:
162:
158:
157:
151:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
97:
87:
86:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9178:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9136:
9129:
9126:
9089:
9085:
9081:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9019:
9017:
9015:
9011:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8992:
8988:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8959:
8955:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8924:
8919:
8913:
8910:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8891:
8890:Pacific Ocean
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8852:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8826:
8825:
8824:Pacific Ocean
8822:
8818:
8815:
8814:
8813:
8810:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8778:Caribbean Sea
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8746:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8721:
8720:by population
8718:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8693:South America
8691:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8676:North America
8674:
8673:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8645:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8628:
8627:Southern Cone
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8602:Andean States
8600:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8578:
8577:South America
8574:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8538:
8534:
8531:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8499:
8495:
8489:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8305:
8304:North America
8301:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8267:Low Countries
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8243:South-western
8241:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8231:South-eastern
8229:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8219:South-central
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8209:Mediterranean
8207:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8175:British Isles
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8105:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8072:Levantine Sea
8070:
8068:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8004:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7968:
7965:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7942:
7939:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7764:Mediterranean
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7577:
7570:
7565:
7563:
7558:
7556:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7529:
7520:
7511:
7502:
7493:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7460:
7455:
7449:
7444:
7435:
7428:
7423:
7414:
7405:
7396:
7387:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7370:Other notes:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7271:
7270:Jabal Hubaysh
7268:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7238:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7186:
7177:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7107:Jabal Qada'ah
7105:
7103:
7102:Jabal Rahabah
7100:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7075:Western Hajar
7073:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7047:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6991:Jabal Shammar
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6978:Shammar range
6975:
6970:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6927:
6926:Jabal Hubaysh
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6911:Jabal Al-Lawz
6909:
6904:
6903:Jabal Al-Amud
6901:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6886:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6846:Jabal 'Arafat
6844:
6842:
6841:Jabal al-Nour
6839:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6761:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6736:
6728:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6540:
6528:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6491:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6454:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6428:Western Hajar
6425:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6405:Eastern Hajar
6402:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6377:Central Hajar
6374:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6320:
6318:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
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6270:
6265:
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6253:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6201:Subcontinents
6197:
6196:
6194:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6166:Kumari Kandam
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6152:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6137:
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6129:
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5758:
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5747:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5706:
5705:
5704:South America
5700:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5689:North America
5685:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5661:
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5497:
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5484:
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5456:
5449:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5418:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5378:
5369:
5360:
5351:
5344:
5343:0-87609-146-X
5340:
5334:
5328:
5327:0-521-46308-4
5324:
5320:
5319:0-905031-35-0
5316:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5271:0-900891-48-3
5268:
5262:
5256:, pages 64–65
5255:
5254:0-900891-48-3
5251:
5247:
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5240:
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5234:
5227:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5207:
5199:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5155:0-521-29166-6
5152:
5146:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5087:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5026:
5020:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4987:
4979:
4977:9957-451-04-9
4973:
4969:
4962:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4938:
4929:
4921:
4915:
4911:
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4756:
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4708:
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4409:
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4382:
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4351:
4347:
4341:
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4325:
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4299:
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4096:
4092:
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4078:
4061:
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4038:
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4021:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:. p. 3.
3952:
3948:
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3933:
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3914:
3910:
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3900:
3896:
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3556:
3552:
3546:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3505:
3497:
3496:90-04-11127-1
3493:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3428:
3425:(in Arabic).
3424:
3423:
3415:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3368:
3364:
3362:9780847699070
3358:
3354:
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3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3293:9781605505459
3289:
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3276:
3260:
3256:
3254:9780313376375
3250:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3215:9780816072293
3211:
3207:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3188:9780736861427
3184:
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3141:
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2898:
2895:The ruins of
2891:
2886:
2882:
2876:
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2867:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2837:Dam of Ma'rib
2832:
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2809:
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2797:
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2645:United States
2642:
2637:
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2627:
2622:
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2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2584:
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2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2557:Jabal Shammar
2554:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2427:in 1802, and
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2370:
2363:
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2343:
2339:
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2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:Islamic world
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2252:Islamic world
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:Dhu al-Hijjah
2213:
2212:Islamic month
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
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2150:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1994:Rise of Islam
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:Riyadh Region
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:zooxanthellae
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1735:
1721:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1655:
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1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:eastern coast
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1554:
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1545:
1536:
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1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:Rub' al Khali
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1351:
1344:
1326:Source: 2022
1324:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1285:
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1225:
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1220:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
990:
987:
984:
983:
977:
972:
969:
968:
952:
948:
945:
942:
941:
937:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:
898:
897:
893:
890:
887:
886:
882:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
865:
864:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
846:
843:
842:
836:
831:
828:
827:
816:
814:
810:
809:United States
806:
802:
798:
792:
790:
785:
783:
779:
769:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
742:Syrian Desert
739:
738:Bab-el-Mandeb
735:
731:
727:
721:
711:
709:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:), and Bilad
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
655:
651:
648:
645:
644:
639:
635:
632:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
610:
609:
608:
606:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:. During the
582:
578:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
414:Arabian Plate
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
378:
369:
363:
326:
317:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
225:
219:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
159:
155:
152:
150:
146:
139:0.788 (2018)
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
91:
84:
78:
64:
48:
44:
43:Arabian Plate
37:
33:
19:
9098:
9086: /
9084:List of seas
9082: /
9047:Global South
9032:Global North
8966:Atlantic Rim
8905:Ring of Fire
8885:Indian Ocean
8875:Arctic Ocean
8817:Persian Gulf
8812:Indian Ocean
8793:Adriatic Sea
8758:Arctic Ocean
8590:Amazon Basin
8585:Amazon Plain
8557:Near Oceania
8362:Mid-Atlantic
8312:Aridoamerica
8272:Northwestern
8185:Northwestern
8158:Southeastern
8050:Greater Iran
8032:
7989:Southeastern
7984:Pacific Asia
7953:Pacific Asia
7941:Northeastern
7897:Asia–Pacific
7640:Fourth World
7630:Second World
7528:
7519:
7510:
7501:
7492:
7483:
7474:
7465:
7458:
7454:
7447:
7443:
7434:
7426:
7422:
7413:
7404:
7395:
7386:
7377:
7369:
7336:
7228:Jebel Shaqb?
7161:Jebel Hafeet
7149:Jebel Buhais
7122:
7082:
7026:Tuwayr range
6930:Tabuk Region
6889:Midian range
6875:Jabal Werqan
6830:Harrat Rahat
6811:Harrat Kishb
6704:Sh'af Bayhan
6694:Jabal Warrab
6683:Jabal Sawdah
6678:Jabal 'Okran
6673:Jabal Natfa'
6668:Jabal Nahran
6658:Jabal Masher
6653:Jabal Mareer
6648:Jabal Maomah
6638:Jabal Lawa's
6628:Jabal Atherb
6539:Saudi Arabia
6517:Jabal Samhan
6499:Dhofar range
6456:
6441:Jebel Ghawil
6436:Jebel Akhdar
6385:Jebel Akhdar
6260:
6211:
6199:
6185:
6149:hypothesised
6139:
6107:
6025:
5956:Kazakhstania
5931:Congo Craton
5885:
5821:Prehistoric
5820:
5779:
5764:
5749:
5742:Afro-Eurasia
5734:
5696:
5681:
5666:
5651:
5636:
5621:
5606:
5522:
5467:. Retrieved
5458:
5448:
5436:. Retrieved
5428:The Guardian
5427:
5417:
5405:. Retrieved
5396:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5333:
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5293:the original
5288:
5278:
5261:
5237:
5232:
5226:
5206:
5187:
5181:
5162:
5145:
5126:
5110:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5070:
5044:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4995:
4986:
4967:
4961:
4936:
4928:
4909:
4903:
4878:
4870:
4851:
4800:
4796:
4785:
4773:. Retrieved
4764:
4755:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4655:(1): 17165.
4652:
4648:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4582:10072/382068
4556:
4552:
4538:
4527:, retrieved
4518:
4494:. Retrieved
4485:
4475:
4448:
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4407:
4397:
4385:. Retrieved
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4331:
4318:
4306:. Retrieved
4279:
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4247:
4240:
4228:. Retrieved
4197:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4152:
4128:. Retrieved
4099:. Retrieved
4085:
4064:. Retrieved
4044:
4009:
3969:. Retrieved
3946:
3917:. Retrieved
3893:
3867:. Retrieved
3857:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3829:
3820:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:the original
3759:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3729:
3705:. Retrieved
3701:the original
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3579:
3570:
3561:
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3513:
3479:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3452:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3421:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3393:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3351:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3323:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3282:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3247:. ABC-CLIO.
3243:
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3204:
3197:
3172:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3143:
3114:. Retrieved
3090:
3083:
2903:district of
2761:by order of
2759:Saudi Arabia
2691:
2664:
2638:
2623:
2596:
2578:
2575:Oil reserves
2546:
2540:in Syria to
2519:
2515:Saudi Arabia
2473:
2464:
2433:
2398:
2383:
2272:
2192:Muslim world
2181:
2152:
2138:
2091:
2075:North Africa
2067:Central Asia
2049:
2019:
1981:
1979:
1963:Roman Empire
1941:include the
1935:South Arabia
1925:
1909:
1867:Nefud Desert
1862:Homo sapiens
1860:
1838:
1814:
1806:
1785:tropical sea
1745:
1710:Land and sea
1646:Jebel Hafeet
1643:
1628:
1561:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1486:
1460:region) and
1404:
1389:
1088:
1083:Saudi Arabia
1064:
793:
786:
774:
746:
730:Gulf of Aden
723:
707:
706:
689:
681:
673:
665:
663:
659:
650:Arabia Felix
641:
592:
588:
574:
559:Ibn al-Faqih
527:South Arabia
512:
498:role in the
496:geopolitical
492:Indian Ocean
476:Gulf of Oman
472:Persian Gulf
465:
441:Saudi Arabia
422:
397:
324:
322:
198:Saudi Arabia
47:
9120: /
9062:Global West
9022:Global East
8981:Pacific Rim
8923:waterbodies
8912:World Ocean
8737:New Zealand
8617:The Guianas
8506:Australasia
8449:West Indies
8377:New England
8357:Great Lakes
8327:Mesoamerica
8214:Middle East
8190:Scandinavia
8079:Middle East
7917:Caspian Sea
7823:Great Lakes
7803:Sub-Saharan
7789:Middle East
7652:Hemispheres
7635:Third World
7625:First World
7578:'s primary
7368:with 'VF'.
7362:lava fields
7360:with 'VC',
7352:with 'AC'.
7305:Haraz range
7295:Jabal Tiyal
7290:Jabal Sabir
7280:Jabal Kanin
7245:Sarat range
7112:Jebel Yibir
6986:Salma range
6936:Jabal Maqla
6866:Jabal Thawr
6797:Hijaz range
6758: [
6725: [
6722:Jabal Shada
6643:Jabal Mana'
6583:'Asir range
6565:Sarat range
6512:Jebel Qarah
6507:Jebel Qamar
6472:Jebel Qihwi
6446:Jebel Shams
6412:Jabal Aswad
6390:Jebel Shams
6368:Hajar range
6123:Novopangaea
5991:South China
5971:North China
5407:15 February
5345:, pages 6–8
4803:(1): 1882.
4765:Eurek Alert
3971:29 December
3869:8 September
3770:14 December
3707:14 December
3656:, Elsevier.
3463:18 February
3404:19 February
3373:5 September
2985:Arab League
2694:Arab Spring
2649:Vietnam War
2634:Six-Day War
2611:coup d'état
2599:North Yemen
2522:Arab Revolt
2403:, began in
2258:Middle Ages
2210:during the
2077:, southern
2071:Middle East
1927:Archaeology
1801:indopacific
1568:Hajar range
1367:Ras al-Jinz
1157:Kuwait City
1101:Population
585:Hellenistic
549:), and the
508:natural gas
488:Arabian Sea
484:Mesopotamia
293:Kuwait City
9135:Categories
8803:Ionian Sea
8798:Aegean Sea
8768:Baltic Sea
8700:Antarctica
8552:Micronesia
8521:New Guinea
8479:Portuguese
8402:West Coast
8352:East Coast
8347:Bible Belt
8342:Appalachia
8021:Subregions
7929:Inner Asia
7847:Antarctica
7747:Continents
7720:Antarctica
7695:Landmasses
7605:Down Under
7600:Arab World
7584:subregions
7459:Sensu lato
7448:Sensu lato
7427:Sensu lato
7350:anticlines
7285:Jabal Nuqm
7155:Jebel Faya
7091:Jebel Jais
6871:Jabal Uhud
6861:Jabal Sela
6856:Jabal Hada
6851:Jabal Daka
6784:Jabal Raum
6337:Hills and
6259:See also:
6161:Hyperborea
6151:continents
6086:Seychelles
6071:Madagascar
6051:Doggerland
5946:Euramerica
5901:Asiamerica
5629:Antarctica
5582:Continents
4775:1 November
4609:1 November
4432:13 January
4387:14 January
4356:24 October
4308:24 October
4230:24 October
3760:census.gov
3740:26 October
3697:census.gov
3590:24 October
3580:google.com
3535:19 October
3498:, page 163
3453:Britannica
3334:21 October
3324:WorldAtlas
3173:Peninsulas
3116:19 October
3076:References
2990:Arab world
2881:Nizwa Fort
2868:in Bahrain
2448:İskenderun
2332:, and the
2322:suzerainty
2269:in Arabia.
2122:Ridda wars
2081:, and the
2059:Caliphates
1953:, and the
1679:At-Tawilah
1579:Hadhramaut
1509:palm trees
1321:1,485,000
1301:1,539,830
1281:1,545,420
1261:1,622,620
1241:1,785,684
1221:2,114,675
1201:2,964,382
1181:3,181,655
1161:3,238,523
1141:4,780,740
1121:7,538,200
1043:18,675,440
1032:17,086,000
1021:11,457,000
946:93,900,000
935:86,221,765
924:77,584,000
913:63,364,000
902:47,466,523
891:35,167,708
880:23,286,256
869:15,319,678
858:11,788,232
819:Population
801:Al Jazeera
732:, and the
718:See also:
543:Al-Bahrain
535:Hadhramaut
500:Arab world
447:(UAE) and
358: ...
120:Population
9166:West Asia
9117:23°N 46°E
8999:Antarctic
8783:Irish Sea
8773:Black Sea
8732:Australia
8681:Caribbean
8658:continent
8632:Patagonia
8562:Polynesia
8540:Melanesia
8533:Zealandia
8511:Australia
8397:Southwest
8317:Caribbean
8094:Near East
7735:submerged
7730:Zealandia
7725:Australia
7615:Old World
7610:New World
7354:Volcanoes
7007:Jabal Aja
7000:Aja range
6688:Jabal Yar
6232:Greenland
6096:Zealandia
6061:Jan Mayen
6046:Cathaysia
5966:Laurentia
5961:Laramidia
5951:Kalaharia
5906:Atlantica
5839:Kenorland
5659:Australia
5299:3 October
5273:, page 18
5157:, page 85
4825:2041-1723
4731:0036-8075
4629:Arab News
4284:New Delhi
3800:12 August
2866:Arad Fort
2851:Himyarite
2716:caused a
2675:coalition
2460:Palestine
2431:in 1803.
2295:Hashemite
2175:from the
2114:Byzantine
2098:companion
2085:, to the
2065:, across
2016:(661–750)
1853:Acheulean
1789:symbiosis
1769:Al Mahrah
1683:Al Mahwit
1629:From the
1618:subranges
1539:Mountains
1437:Mountains
1428:or Great
1396:ophiolite
1333:Landscape
1297:Abu Dhabi
1010:4,896,491
999:1,329,168
847:9,481,713
714:Geography
702:Palestine
680:), bilad
565:Etymology
523:Al-Yamama
406:West Asia
402:peninsula
268:Abu Dhabi
161:Countries
156:, Arabian
8526:Tasmania
8474:Hispanic
8337:Northern
8284:Germanic
8262:Atlantic
8204:Southern
8165:Northern
8131:Caucasus
8067:Dead Sea
8038:Caucasus
8006:Southern
7999:Maritime
7994:Mainland
7967:Northern
7948:Far East
7907:Aral Sea
7830:Southern
7774:Northern
7346:outliers
7342:Outcrops
7157:(AC, OC)
7151:(AC, OC)
6755:Al-Qeher
6714:Al-Bahah
6603:Al-Hadab
6290:Category
6156:Atlantis
6141:Mythical
6076:Mauritia
6041:Beringia
5926:Cimmeria
5921:Chilenia
5911:Avalonia
5891:Amazonia
5874:Vaalbara
5859:Pannotia
5844:Laurasia
5834:Gondwana
5829:Columbia
5757:Americas
5515:(1911).
5496:Archived
5463:Archived
5432:Archived
5401:Archived
5242:Archived
5215:Archived
5170:Archived
5134:Archived
4859:Archived
4843:38528002
4834:10963722
4769:Archived
4747:20296624
4739:21273486
4687:30498259
4603:Archived
4599:53099270
4591:30374171
4523:archived
4496:16 April
4490:Archived
4486:Geoexpro
4426:Archived
4381:Archived
4350:Archived
4326:(2013).
4302:Archived
4253:Archived
4224:Archived
4168:Archived
4130:17 April
4124:Archived
4101:17 April
4095:Archived
4093:. 1917.
4066:18 April
4060:Archived
4002:(2007).
3965:Archived
3913:Archived
3863:Archived
3834:Archived
3734:Archived
3671:Archived
3584:Archived
3529:Archived
3484:Archived
3457:Archived
3433:20 April
3427:Archived
3398:Archived
3367:Archived
3328:Archived
3298:Archived
3259:Archived
3220:Archived
3148:Archived
3110:Archived
2963:See also
2941:Al-Magar
2901:Jumeirah
2714:blockade
2671:Gulf War
2661:Gulf War
2655:Gulf War
2396:region.
2338:Ayyubids
2334:Fatimids
2326:Abbasids
2283:Damascus
2240:Muhammad
2102:Abu Bakr
2087:Pyrenees
2052:Rashidun
2029:migrated
2025:Muhammad
1983:Urheimat
1845:hominins
1793:protozoa
1779:or arid
1493:aquifers
690:al-'Iraq
682:al-Yaman
666:al-'Arab
620:province
547:Al-Hassa
490:and the
474:and the
8727:Oceania
8715:by area
8671:America
8648:Islands
8498:Oceania
8367:Midwest
8322:Central
8289:Romance
8257:Western
8126:Balkans
8121:Eastern
8116:Central
8084:Mashriq
8028:Western
7972:Siberia
7924:Eastern
7902:Central
7835:Western
7808:Central
7784:Mashriq
7779:Maghreb
7769:Saharan
7715:America
7708:Eurasia
7580:regions
7315:(H, HP)
6448:(H, HP)
6176:Meropis
6171:Lemuria
5986:Siberia
5936:Cuyania
5916:Baltica
5896:Arctica
5864:Rodinia
5854:Pangaea
5787:Oceania
5772:Eurasia
4805:Bibcode
4711:Bibcode
4703:Science
4678:6265249
4657:Bibcode
4643:2018).
4561:Bibcode
4529:26 June
3840:10 June
3615:Bibcode
3555:Page 11
3025:Mashriq
2897:Umayyad
2883:in Oman
2819:Diriyah
2724:Gallery
2482:, with
2444:Cilicia
2401:Al Saud
2342:Mamluks
2330:Baghdad
2287:Baghdad
2133:Saladin
2056:Umayyad
1986:of the
1835:History
1773:monsoon
1650:outlier
1589:Sarawat
1525:cuestas
1473:monsoon
1466:Al-Ahsa
1443:Tihamah
1237:Sharjah
1024:+134.0%
1013:+268.4%
1002:+273.1%
988:356,235
791:(GCC).
698:Cilicia
674:al-Sham
646:(1888).
622:, with
603:). The
555:Tihamah
468:Red Sea
425:Bahrain
412:on the
400:, is a
396:"), or
360:
258:Sharjah
168:Bahrain
149:Demonym
131:29.0/km
18:Arabian
9122:23; 46
9014:Global
9004:Arctic
8943:Rivers
8921:Other
8855:Oceans
8710:Europe
8666:Africa
8459:French
8332:Middle
8294:Slavic
8279:Celtic
8180:Nordic
8170:Baltic
8108:Europe
8062:Levant
7756:Africa
7592:Worlds
7194:
7055:
7035:Tuwaiq
7033:Jabal
6905:? (VF)
6772:Najran
6601:Jabal
6536:
6356:
6212:Arabia
6207:Alaska
6147:, and
6118:Aurica
6113:Amasia
5976:Pampia
5674:Europe
5614:Africa
5489:, 1892
5469:17 May
5438:17 May
5341:
5325:
5317:
5269:
5252:
5194:
5153:
5118:
5102:
4974:
4949:
4916:
4891:
4841:
4831:
4823:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4685:
4675:
4597:
4589:
4463:
4418:
4342:
4294:
4259:19 May
4216:
4206:Muscat
4174:19 May
4160:
4052:
4022:
3957:
3919:19 May
3905:
3858:Arabia
3677:8 July
3521:
3494:
3359:
3304:19 May
3290:
3265:19 May
3251:
3226:19 May
3212:
3185:
3154:7 June
3102:
3052:As an
2956:Midian
2937:Saluki
2921:Dilmun
2553:Riyadh
2538:Aleppo
2484:German
2452:Mersin
2340:, and
2310:Medina
2289:, and
2248:Medina
2236:Medina
2196:Qur'an
2194:. The
2188:Medina
2155:: the
2106:caliph
2069:, the
2033:Medina
1949:, the
1945:, the
1931:Thamud
1917:Medina
1765:Dhofar
1749:coffee
1665:Dhofar
1639:Tuwayr
1623:Tuwaiq
1605:Midian
1533:gravel
1477:Dhofar
1277:Medina
1257:Muscat
1137:Jeddah
1117:Riyadh
1079:Riyadh
1070:Cities
1035:+49.1%
938:+11.1%
927:+22.4%
916:+33.5%
905:+35.0%
894:+51.0%
883:+52.0%
872:+30.0%
861:+24.3%
749:desert
678:Levant
670:Arabia
628:Jordan
605:Romans
601:Αραβία
593:Aravia
589:Arabia
480:Levant
457:Jordan
443:, the
429:Kuwait
410:Africa
398:Arabia
368:Arabic
298:Ta'izz
278:Medina
273:Dammam
263:Muscat
238:Jeddah
233:Riyadh
183:Kuwait
178:Jordan
77:Arabic
73:
63:Arabic
59:
8991:Polar
8936:lists
8931:Lakes
8750:ocean
8469:Ibero
8464:Latin
8454:Anglo
7576:Earth
7337:Note:
7197:Yemen
6899:(VF)
6813:(LF)
6762:]
6752:Jebel
6739:Jizan
6729:]
6091:Sunda
6081:Sahul
6031:lands
5981:Sahul
5586:Earth
5048:See:
4968:Petra
4743:S2CID
4595:S2CID
4288:India
4194:"1–2"
4018:–19.
3947:Yemen
2905:Dubai
2792:Hegra
2755:Mecca
2561:Hejaz
2480:Turks
2440:Hejaz
2386:Syria
2346:Egypt
2318:Hejaz
2314:Hejaz
2306:Mecca
2302:Hejaz
2291:Cairo
2244:Mecca
2228:Kaaba
2224:Mecca
2208:Mecca
2206:, to
2184:Mecca
2079:Italy
2041:Islam
1959:Sheba
1921:Hejaz
1913:Mecca
1757:camel
1702:Ha'il
1687:Yemen
1631:Hejaz
1616:Salma
1601:Hejaz
1597:'Asir
1557:Sanaa
1529:wadis
1513:dates
1505:oases
1501:Qatif
1497:oases
1489:wadis
1481:Mahra
1462:Hofuf
1458:Tawam
1434:Dahna
1422:Nefud
1415:sheep
1317:Basra
1217:Mecca
1197:Dubai
1177:Sanaa
1098:City
1095:Rank
1046:+9.3%
1040:2018
1029:2014
1018:2010
1007:1990
996:1970
985:1950
949:+8.9%
932:2018
921:2014
910:2010
899:2000
888:1990
877:1980
866:1970
855:1960
844:1950
811:–led
757:Syria
686:Yemen
654:Yemen
624:Petra
597:Greek
551:Hejaz
531:Yemen
449:Yemen
437:Qatar
418:India
394:Arabs
303:Ta'if
283:Basra
253:Mecca
248:Sanaa
243:Dubai
208:Yemen
193:Qatar
9108:46°E
9105:23°N
8948:Seas
8705:Asia
7977:Ural
7889:Asia
7818:Horn
7813:East
7582:and
7266:(VF)
7260:(VF)
7254:(VF)
7163:(OL)
7114:(HP)
6832:(LF)
6819:(VC)
6807:(VF)
6690:(VF)
6593:(LF)
6359:Oman
6145:lost
6033:and
5849:Nena
5644:Asia
5471:2020
5440:2020
5409:2015
5339:ISBN
5323:ISBN
5315:ISBN
5301:2008
5267:ISBN
5250:ISBN
5192:ISBN
5151:ISBN
5116:ISBN
5100:ISBN
4972:ISBN
4947:ISBN
4914:ISBN
4889:ISBN
4839:PMID
4821:ISSN
4777:2018
4735:PMID
4727:ISSN
4683:PMID
4611:2018
4587:PMID
4531:2015
4519:NASA
4498:2021
4461:ISBN
4434:2019
4416:ISBN
4389:2019
4377:ADCO
4358:2020
4340:ISBN
4310:2020
4292:ISBN
4261:2020
4232:2020
4214:ISBN
4176:2020
4158:ISBN
4132:2020
4103:2020
4068:2020
4050:ISBN
4020:ISBN
3973:2018
3955:ISBN
3921:2020
3903:ISBN
3871:2013
3842:2020
3802:2008
3772:2017
3742:2014
3709:2017
3679:2021
3592:2020
3537:2015
3519:ISBN
3492:ISBN
3477:See
3465:2021
3435:2021
3406:2021
3375:2022
3357:ISBN
3336:2017
3306:2020
3288:ISBN
3267:2020
3249:ISBN
3228:2020
3210:ISBN
3183:ISBN
3156:2018
3118:2015
3100:ISBN
2737:The
2692:The
2542:Aden
2488:waqf
2450:and
2434:The
2405:Najd
2394:Najd
2308:and
2246:and
2204:Hajj
2186:and
2147:and
2141:Umar
2116:(or
2054:and
2012:The
2002:and
1915:and
1890:and
1810:khat
1795:and
1767:and
1751:and
1547:The
1517:arid
1411:Najd
974:Pop.
970:Year
943:2023
833:Pop.
829:Year
694:Iraq
626:(in
539:Oman
537:and
521:and
519:Najd
506:and
482:and
455:and
453:Iraq
433:Oman
323:The
288:Aden
188:Oman
173:Iraq
154:Arab
142:High
112:Area
34:and
8958:Rim
8748:By
8656:By
7093:(H)
6392:(H)
5584:of
4943:116
4829:PMC
4813:doi
4719:doi
4707:331
4673:PMC
4665:doi
4577:hdl
4569:doi
4453:doi
3623:doi
3611:159
2344:of
2328:of
2214:of
2031:to
1053:GCC
640:'s
591:or
541:),
525:),
504:oil
404:in
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