Mecca - Knowledge

109: 1894: 2629:, Sultan of Egypt and Syria at the Ka'bah. Battuta says the Ka'bah was large, but was destroyed and rebuilt smaller than the original. According to Ibn Battuta, the original Kaaba, prior to the conquest of Makkah by the Prophet, contained images of angels and prophets including Jesus (Isa in Islamic tradition), his mother Mary (Maryam in Islamic tradition), and many others - Ibn Battuta however states these were all destroyed by the Prophet in the year of victory. Battuta describes the Ka'bah in his time as an important part of Mecca due to the fact that many people make the pilgrimage to it. Battuta describes the people of the city as being humble and kind, and also willing to give a part of everything they had to someone who had nothing. The inhabitants of Mecca and the village itself, he says, were very clean. There was also a sense of elegance to the village. 143: 4165: 3306: 2364: 129: 4496: 3463:: 10, 11 and 12. Like most Saudi Arabian cities, Mecca retains warm to hot temperatures even in winter, which can range from 19 °C (66 °F) at night to 30 °C (86 °F) in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are extremely hot and consistently break the 40 °C (104 °F) mark in the afternoon, dropping to 30 °C (86 °F) in the evening, but humidity remains relatively low, at 30–40%. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts scattered between November and January, with heavy thunderstorms also common during the winter. Occasional summer rainfall is associated with the northward movement of the 193: 3237: 159: 2638: 211: 4197: 15699: 2625:(account), he provides a vast description of the city. Around the year 1327 CE or 729 AH, Ibn Battuta arrived at the holy city. Immediately, he says, it felt like a holy sanctuary, and thus he started the rites of the pilgrimage. He remained in Mecca for three years and left in 1330 CE. During his second year in the holy city, he says his caravan arrived "with a great quantity of alms for the support of those who were staying in Mecca and Medina". While in Mecca, prayers were made for (not to) the King of Iraq and also for 173: 3146: 14745: 14480: 12667: 3090: 4897: 12744: 277: 14432: 12945: 4741: 2972: 2892: 12985: 12975: 12965: 14421: 4911: 1121: 2325:. Historical accounts also provide some indication that goods from other continents may also have flowed through Mecca. Goods from Africa and the Far East passed through en route to Syria including spices, leather, medicine, cloth, and slaves; in return Mecca received money, weapons, cereals and wine, which in turn were distributed throughout Arabia. The Meccans signed treaties with both the Byzantines and the 12955: 2708: 4189:, generates 12% of its income from the pilgrimage. Fares paid by pilgrims to reach Mecca by land also generate income; as do the hotels and lodging companies that house them. The city takes in more than $ 100 million, while the Saudi government spends about $ 50 million on services for the Hajj. There are some industries and factories in the city, but Mecca no longer plays a major role in 3201: 218: 3176:. In 2019, the Hajj attracted 2,489,406 pilgrims to the holy city. The 'Umrah, or the lesser pilgrimage, can be done at anytime during the year. Every adult, healthy Muslim who has the financial and physical capacity to travel to Mecca must perform the Hajj at least once in a lifetime. Umrah, the lesser pilgrimage, is not obligatory, but is recommended in the Quran. In addition to the 530: 3406:' using a separate conduit to connect it to Mecca and the Masjid al-Haram. Over time however the system deteriorated and failed to fulfil its function. Thus in 1245 CE, 1361 CE, 1400 CE, 1474 CE, and 1510 CE different rulers invested into extensive repairs of the system. In 1525 CE due to the system's troubles persisting however the 2783:). The city has been expanded to include several towns previously considered to be separate from the holy city and now is just a few kilometers outside the main sites of the Hajj, Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat. Mecca is not served by any airport, due to concerns about the city's safety. It is instead served by the 2470:

in 627 CE, the combined armies of Arabia were unable to defeat Muhammad's forces (as the trench surrounding Muhammad's forces protected them from harm and a storm was sent to breach the Quraysh tribe). In 628 CE, Muhammad and his followers wanted to enter Mecca for pilgrimage, but were blocked by the

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The early history of Mecca is still largely shrouded by a lack of clear sources. The city lies in the hinterland of the middle part of western Arabia of which there are sparse textual or archaeological sources available. This lack of knowledge is in contrast to both the northern and southern areas of

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Under Saudi rule, it has been estimated that since 1985, about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished. It has been reported that there are now fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad. Some important buildings

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told the Meccans to seek refuge in the hills while he and some members of the Quraysh remained within the precincts of the Kaaba. Abraha sent a dispatch inviting Abdul-Muttalib to meet with Abraha and discuss matters. When Abdul-Muttalib left the meeting he was heard saying: "The Owner of this House

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Formal education started to be developed in the late Ottoman period continuing slowly into Hashemite times. The first major attempt to improve the situation was made by a Jeddah merchant, Muhammad ʿAlī Zaynal Riḍā, who founded the Madrasat al-Falāḥ in Mecca in 1911–12 that cost £400,000. The school

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This is the stone that Ibrahim (Abraham) stood on to build the higher parts of the Ka'bah. It contains two footprints that are comparatively larger than average modern-day human feet. The stone is raised and housed in a golden hexagonal chamber beside the Ka'bah on the Mataf plate. The stone inside

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and beyond, as Muslims came to perform the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Mecca also attracted a year-round population of scholars, pious Muslims who wished to live close to the Kaaba, and local inhabitants who served the pilgrims. Due to the difficulty and expense of the Hajj, pilgrims arrived by boat at

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that surrounds Mecca was characterized by its remote, rocky, and inhospitable nature, supporting only meagre settled populations in scattered oases and occasional stretches of fertile land. The Red Sea coast offered no easily accessible ports and the oasis dwellers and bedouins in the region were

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Mecca has been the site of several incidents and failures of crowd control because of the large numbers of people who come to make the Hajj. For example, on 2 July 1990, a pilgrimage to Mecca ended in tragedy when the ventilation system failed in a crowded pedestrian tunnel and 1,426 people were

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Camel caravans, said to have first been used by Muhammad's great-grandfather, were a major part of Mecca's bustling economy. Alliances were struck between the merchants in Mecca and the local nomadic tribes, who would bring goods – leather, livestock, and metals mined in the local mountains – to

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called ʿUrwa bin Hayyad al-Milasi, who shot him with an arrow, killing him. His brother Qays who was with him, fled to Abraha and told him the news, which increased his rage and fury and he swore to raid the Kinana tribe and destroy the Ka'bah. Ibn Ishaq further states that one of the men of the

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Muslims believe that in the divine revelation to Muhammad, the Quran, Allah describes the mountains of Safa and Marwah as symbols of His divinity. Walking between the two mountains seven times, 4 times from Safa to Marwah and 3 times from Marwah interchangeably, is considered a mandatory pillar

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to touch and kiss the stone. The area around the stone is generally always crowded and guarded by policemen to ensure the pilgrims' safety. In Islamic tradition, the stone was sent down from Jannah (Paradise) and used to build the Ka'bah. It used to be a white stone (and was whiter than milk).

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as governor of the city. His other activities in Arabia led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the banner of Islam. Muhammad died in 632 CE. Within the next few hundred years, the area under the banner of Islam stretched from North Africa into Asia and parts of Europe. As the

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has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. However, other scholars such as Glen W. Bowersock disagree and assert that Mecca was a major trading outpost. Crone later on disregarded some of her theories. She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides,

2777:, the Sharif of Mecca was overthrown by the Saud family, and Mecca was incorporated into Saudi Arabia. Under Saudi rule, much of the historic city has been demolished as a result of the Saudi government fearing these sites might become sites of association in worship besides Allah ( 1721:

While one individual has suggested that Mecca’s population at the time of Muhammad was around 550, research published by Binimad Al-Ateeqi in 2020 shows that the population was closer to 10,000 individuals, a figure extrapolated from data taken from historical records about the

2479:, allies of the Quraish, violated the truce by slaughtering a group of the Banu Khuza'ah, allies of the Muslims. Muhammad and his companions, now 10,000 strong, marched into Mecca and conquered the city. The pagan imagery was destroyed by Muhammad's followers and the location 2169:, all along the south-western coast that borders the Red Sea, in a habitable region between the sea and the Hejaz mountains to the east. Although the area around Mecca was completely barren, it was the wealthiest of the three settlements with abundant water from the renowned 4227:. Thousands of Saudis are employed year-round to oversee the Hajj and staff the hotels and shops that cater to pilgrims; these workers in turn have increased the demand for housing and services. The city is now ringed by freeways and contains shopping malls and skyscrapers. 2871:

and the Ka'bah, must be held by those of true faith. The rebels seized tens of thousands of pilgrims as hostages and barricaded themselves in the mosque. The siege lasted two weeks, and resulted in several hundred deaths and significant damage to the shrine, especially the

2475:, whereby the Quraysh and their allies promised to cease fighting Muslims and their allies and promised that Muslims would be allowed into the city to perform the pilgrimage the following year. It was meant to be a ceasefire for 10 years; however, just two years later, the 3211:

This is a mountain believed by Muslims to have been the place where Muhammad spent his time away from the bustling city of Mecca in seclusion. The mountain is located on the eastern entrance of the city and is the highest point in the city at 642 meters (2,106 feet).

3114:: an ornamental, embroidered curtain that was replaced annually. Currently, it is placed inside a golden-metal enclosure. The outer casing has changed a number of times over the years; historic photographs show that the arch of the Banu Shaybah Gate stood next to it. 4703:(9 Dhu al-Hijjah), and increased until 1957, at which time Radio Makkah became the most powerful station in the Middle East at 50 kW. Later, power was increased 9-fold to 450 kW. Music was not immediately broadcast, but gradually folk music was introduced. 3296:

The city center lies in a corridor between mountains, which is often called the "Hollow of Mecca". The area contains the valley of al-Taneem, the valley of Bakkah and the valley of Abqar. This mountainous location has defined the contemporary expansion of the city.

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western Arabia, specifically the Syro-Palestinian frontier and Yemen, where historians have various sources available such as physical remains of shrines, inscriptions, observations by Greco-Roman authors, and information collected by church historians. The area of

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and is capable of transporting 60 million passengers annually. Each train can achieve speeds of up to 300 kmh (190 mph), traveling a total distance of 450 km (280 mi), reducing the travel time between the two cities to less than two hours.

2188:. However, it was also the time each year that disputes would be arbitrated, debts would be resolved, and trading would occur at Meccan fairs. These annual events gave the tribes a sense of common identity and made Mecca an important focus for the peninsula. 3276:. Traditional, historical homes built of local rock, two to three stories long are still present within the city's central area, within view of modern hotels and shopping complexes. The total area of modern Mecca is over 1,200 km (460 sq mi). 7180:"Miscellaneous works: comprising An inquiry into the antiquity of the small-pox, measles, and scarlet fever, now first published; Reports on the diseases in London, a new ed.; and detached papers on medical subjects, collected from various periodical publi" 4255:, but some private schools founded by foreign entities such as International schools use the English language as the medium of instruction. Some of these are coeducational while other schools are not. For higher education, the city has only one university, 1783:

Ptolemy lists the names of 50 cities in Arabia, one going by the name of Macoraba. There has been speculation since 1646 that this could be a reference to Mecca. Historically, there has been a general consensus in scholarship that Macoraba mentioned by

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origin had come to constitute 20% of the population. The Burmese are an older, more established community who number roughly 250,000. Adding to this, the discovery of oil in the past 50 years has brought hundreds of thousands of working immigrants.

4699:, the existing network was greatly expanded and improved. Since then, radio communication has been used extensively in directing the pilgrimage and addressing the pilgrims. This practice started in 1950, with the initiation of broadcasts on the 3414:

began a construction project to rebuild the aqueduct in its entirety, the project took until 1571 CE to be completed. Its water quality was greatly lacking during the 19th century until a restoration and cleaning project by Osman Pasha began.

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settled with them, and Isma'il reportedly married two women, one after divorcing the first, on Ibrahim's advice. At least one man of the Jurhum helped Ismāʿīl and his father to construct or according to Islamic narratives, reconstruct, the

4662:, there were about 20 public telephones in the entire city; in 1936, the number jumped to 450, totaling about half the telephones in the country. During that time, telephone lines were extended to Jeddah and Ta'if, but not to the capital, 1855:

manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. She suggests that most of these goods were destined for the Roman army, which is known to have required colossal quantities of leather and hides for its equipment.

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also enumerated many cities of Western Arabia, most of which can be identified. According to Bowersock, he did mention Mecca as "Geapolis" or "Hierapolis", the latter one meaning "holy city" potentially referring to the sanctuary of the

1704:. The fossil habitat, near what is now the Red Sea in western Saudi Arabia, was a damp forest area between 28 million and 29 million years ago. Paleontologists involved in the research hope to find further fossils in the area. 5636: 4172:

The Meccan economy has been heavily dependent on pilgrimages coming for Umrah and Hajj. Income generated through pilgrims not only powers the Meccan economy but has historically had far-reaching effects on the economy of the entire

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Limited radio communication was established within the Kingdom under the Hashemites. In 1929, wireless stations were set up in various towns in the region, creating a network that would become fully functional by 1932. Soon after

4562:; towering over the Great Mosque, it is a seven-building complex with the central clock tower having a length of 601 m (1,972 feet), making it the world's fourth-tallest building. All seven buildings in the complex also form the 2184:, but once a year they would declare a truce and converge upon Mecca in an annual pilgrimage. Up to the 7th century, this journey was intended for religious reasons by the pagan Arabs to pay homage to their shrine, and to drink 4577:

where non-Muslims are prohibited from entering. The gate was designed in 1979 by an Egyptian architect, Samir Elabd, for the architectural firm IDEA Center. The structure is that of a book, representing the Quran, sitting on a

3324:, that produced generally brackish water. Finding a sustainable water source to supply Mecca's permanent population and the large number of annual pilgrims was an undertaking that began in the Abbasid era under the auspices of 3264:. Mecca is one of the lowest cities in elevation in the Hejaz region, located at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level at 21º23' north latitude and 39º51' east longitude. Mecca is divided into 34 districts. 1750:

The first clear reference to Mecca in non-Islamic literature appears in 741 CE, long after the death of Muhammad, in the Byzantine-Arab Chronicle, though here the author places the region in Mesopotamia rather than the Hejaz.

4446:, as they are considered non-Muslims. Nevertheless, many non-Muslims and Ahmadis have visited the city as these restrictions are loosely enforced. The first such recorded example of a non-Muslim entering the city is that of 1742:

who has written extensively about the early history of Mecca, also makes deductions about the numbers of women, children, servants, and slaves living in Mecca at the time, pointing out that some wealthy individuals, such as

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in English has come to be used to refer to any place that draws large numbers of people, and because of this some English-speaking Muslims have come to regard the use of this spelling for the city as offensive. Nonetheless,

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gallery. A multinational force was finally able to retake the mosque from the dissidents. Since then, the Grand Mosque has been expanded several times, with many other expansions being undertaken in the present day.

2534:(r. 644–656 CE) when concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area around the Kaaba. 15899: 2764:

pilgrims, stated that with the Ottoman Turkish authorities gone, the Hajj of 1916 was free of the previous massive extortion and monetary demands made by the Turks who were agents of the Ottoman government.

1449:, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the 5539: 2308:, the next day, a dark cloud of small birds sent by Allah appeared. The birds carried small rocks in their beaks, and bombarded the Ethiopian forces, and smashed them to a state like that of eaten straw. 2291:

Abraha eventually attacked Mecca. However, the lead elephant, known as Mahmud, is said to have stopped at the boundary around Mecca and refused to enter. It has been theorized that an epidemic such as by

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The Hajj pilgrimage, also called the greater pilgrimage, attracts millions of Muslims from all over the world and almost triples Mecca's population for one week in the twelfth and final Islamic month of

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The city centers on the al-Haram area, which contains the Masjid al-Haram. The area around the mosque is the old city and contains the most famous district of Mecca, Ajyad. The main street that runs to

2373: 5486: 2656:, which held Mecca until 1813, destroying some of the historic tombs and domes in and around the city. The Ottomans assigned the task of bringing Mecca back under Ottoman control to their powerful 2466:). The conflict between the Quraysh and the Muslims is accepted to have begun at this point. Overall, Meccan efforts to annihilate Islam failed and proved to be costly and unsuccessful. During the 4251:

and private schools for males and another 681 public and private schools for female students. The medium of instruction in both public and private schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a

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with a message that al-Qullays was both much better than other houses of worship and purer, having not been defiled by the housing of idols. When Muhammad ibn Khuza'i got as far as the land of

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The city today is at the junction of the two most important highways in all of the Saudi Arabian highway system, Highway 40, which connects the city to Jeddah in the west and the capital,

7476: 3145: 2236:. Abraha attempted to divert the pilgrimage of the Arabs from the Ka'bah to al-Qullays, effectively converting them to Christianity. According to Islamic tradition, this was the year of 7949: 8962:, by John Bagot Glubb, Assʿad Sulaiman Abdo, Swati Chopra, Darshana Das, Michael Levy, Gloria Lotha, Michael Ray, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch, Amy Tikkanen, Grace Young and Adam Zeidan 8760: 8703: 3422:. According to al-Kurdī, there had been 89 floods by 1965. In the last century, the most severe flood was that of 1942. Since then, dams have been built to ameliorate this problem. 1764:, describing a holy shrine: "And a temple has been set up there, which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". Claims have been made this could be a reference to the 1788:

in the 2nd century CE is indeed Mecca, but more recently, this has been questioned. Bowersock favors the identity of the former, with his theory being that "Macoraba" is the word "

7618: 2329:, and negotiated safe passages for caravans, giving them water and pasture rights. Mecca became the center of a loose confederation of client tribes, which included those of the 8610: 5222: 7457: 3104:

the casing is square shaped and measures 40 cm (16 in) in length and width, and 20 cm (7.9 in) in height. It used to be enclosed by a structure called the

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on the other hand, writes that "the plain truth is that the name Macoraba has nothing to do with that of Mecca if Ptolemy mentions Mecca at all, he calls it Moka, a town in

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CE, and for some time thereafter, the city figured little in politics, remaining a city of devotion and scholarship governed by various other factions. In 930 CE, Mecca was

4666:. By 1985, Mecca, like other Saudi cities, possessed modern telephone, telex, radio and television communications. Many television stations serve the city area, including 4193:, which is mainly based on oil exports. The few industries operating in Mecca include textiles, furniture, and utensils. The majority of the economy is service-oriented. 2990:

Mecca holds an important place in Islam and is considered the holiest city in all branches of the religion. The city derives its importance from the role it plays in the

2920:. The reason for much of the destruction of historic buildings has been for the construction of hotels, apartments, parking lots, and other infrastructure facilities for 9009: 5910: 2886: 1374: 14446: 6430: 3284:

Mecca is at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level, and approximately 70 km (44 mi) inland from the Red Sea. It is one of the lowest in the

16017: 5549: 4235: 1590:, was also claimed to be Mecca. Some studies have questioned this association. Many etymologies have been proposed: the traditional one is that it is derived from the 6813:

G. Lankester Harding & Enno Littman, Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan (Leiden, Netherlands – 1952), p. 19, Inscription No. 112A

1744: 8634: 5663: 14181: 4573:, known popularly as the Quran Gate, sits on the western entrance of the city, which is the route from Jeddah. Located on Highway 40, it marks the boundary of the 6201: 14063: 4764:, in the east. The other, Highway 15, connects Mecca to the other holy Islamic city of Medina approximately 400 km (250 mi) in the north and onward to 4389:

There are also many walk-in clinics available for both residents and pilgrims. Several temporary clinics are set up during the Hajj to tend to wounded pilgrims.

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Under the Saudi government, Mecca is governed by the Mecca Regional Municipality, a municipal council of 14 locally elected members headed by the mayor (called

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in the south. The Ottomans had planned to extend their railway network to the holy city, but were forced to abandon this plan due to their entry into the

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undertook the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina disguised as a Muslim. Although Burton was certainly not the first non-Muslim European to make the

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Photius, Diodorus and Strabo (English): Stanley M. Burnstein (tr.), Agatharchides of Cnidus: On the Eritraean Sea (1989), 132–173, esp. 152–3 (§92).)

5516: 1893: 4181:, and many of these taxes existed to as late as 1972. Another way the Hajj generates income is through services to pilgrims. For example, the Saudi 3320:

has been an issue throughout its history. In pre-modern Mecca, the city used a few chief sources of water. Among them were local wells, such as the

16144: 14147: 8532: 6743: 353: 2561:, in modern-day Iraq, which remained the center of the Islamic Empire for nearly 500 years. Mecca re-entered Islamic political history during the 2154:. The Sassanids however did not always pose a threat to Mecca, as in 575 CE they protected it from a Yemeni invasion, led by its Christian leader 9002: 2098:. In the 5th century, the Quraish took control of Mecca, and became skilled merchants and traders. In the 6th century, they joined the lucrative 1420:, which constitutes Mecca and the surrounding region, is the capital of the Mecca Province, which includes the neighbouring cities of Jeddah and 108: 10459: 8138: 4510:. As a result of the vast numbers of pilgrims coming to the city each year, Mecca has become by far the most diverse city in the Muslim world. 1361:

and his allies in 1925. Since then, Mecca has seen a tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, with newer, modern buildings such as the

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chronology of the Patriarchs, of unknown date but probably composed in the 10th century CE, it is claimed that Mecca was built by the sons of

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is a metro line in Mecca opened on 13 November 2010. The 18.1-kilometer (11.2-mile) elevated metro transports pilgrims to the holy sites of '

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for regional connections. To cater to the large number of Hajj pilgrims, Jeddah Airport has a Hajj Terminal, specifically for use during the

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and Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa. Many of these pilgrims have remained and become residents of the city. By the 19th century, people of

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Situated atop Jabal an-Nur, this is the cave where Muslims believe Muhammad received the first revelation from Allah through the archangel

1230: 4780:. Mecca is served by four ring roads, and these are very crowded compared to the three ring roads of Medina. Mecca also has many tunnels. 4219:, bakeries, farming and banking. The city has grown substantially in the 20th and 21st centuries, as the convenience and affordability of 1389:

in Medina and their auxiliary service facilities in order to accommodate the ever-increasing number of Muslims performing the pilgrimage (

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Nevertheless, many industries have been set up in Mecca. Various types of enterprises that have existed since 1970 in the city include

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Muslim rulers from in and around the region long tried to take the city and keep it in their control, and thus, much like most of the

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is its Defender, and I am sure he will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonor the servants of His House."

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system which runs at 300 km/h (190 mph) and connects the two cities via Jeddah, King Abdulaziz International Airport and

2830:. This plan was later carried out by the Saudi government, which connected the two holy cities of Medina and Mecca with the modern 2337:, Ghassanids, and Lakhmids were in decline leaving Meccan trade to be the primary binding force in Arabia in the late 6th century. 1269: 8669: 5064: 4536:

is now the most popular sport in Mecca and the kingdom, and the city hosts some of the oldest sport clubs in Saudi Arabia such as

1412:. In 2015, the mayor of the city was Osama bin Fadhel Al-Barr; as of January 2022, the mayor is Saleh Al-Turki. The City of Mecca 16012: 14132: 14053: 8575: 7373: 5713: 904: 8972: 8451: 2257:

tribe was angered by this, and going to Sana'a, entering the church at night and defiling it; widely assumed to have done so by

14734: 14468: 14073: 13021: 8720: 7238: 7019: 4563: 4177:. The income was generated in a number of ways. One method was taxing the pilgrims. Taxes were especially increased during the 3052:. Regardless, it was built several times before reaching its current state. The Ka'bah is also the common direction of prayer ( 1527:

is the official transliteration used by the Saudi government and is closer to the Arabic pronunciation. The government adopted

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season; the terminal can accommodate 47 planes simultaneously while receiving 3,800 pilgrims per hour during the Hajj season.

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was sent by Abraha to advise them that Abraha only wished to demolish the Ka'bah and if they resisted, they would be crushed.

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or of similar origin and believed by Muslims to be of divine origin. It is set in the eastern corner of the Ka'bah and it is

1814: 791: 9783: 4422:, on average 2–4 million Muslims arrive in the city to take part in the rites known as Hajj. Pilgrims are from varying 3433:

have been constructed and are being constructed to provide suitable amounts of water fit for human consumption to the city.

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did this in 1503), his pilgrimage remains one of the most famous and documented of modern times. Mecca was regularly hit by

15794: 15739: 10793: 8000: 4869: 4717: 3332:. She donated funds for the deepening of Zamzam Well and funded a massive construction project likely costing 1.75 million 3026:. According to Islamic tradition, a prayer in the masjid is equal to 100,000 prayers in any other masjid around the world. 2784: 301: 8644: 8193: 7702: 5167: 3010:

is the site of two of the most important rites of both the Hajj and of the Umrah, the circumambulation around the Ka'bah (

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Nassar, Nahla (2013). "Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.).

4516:, a local fast-food chain, is very popular among pilgrims and locals alike. Until 2018, it was available only in Mecca, 4411:

industry. 'Iyad Madani, the Saudi Arabian Minister for Hajj, was quoted saying, "We never stop preparing for the Hajj."

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Because of the worldly sins of man, it slowly changed color to black over the years after it was brought down to Earth.

16074: 15857: 8923:. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 2008 7765: 6993: 6348: 6191: 5380: 12663: 7490: 5423: 4262:

Healthcare is provided by the Saudi government free of charge to all pilgrims. There are ten main hospitals in Mecca:

2363: 16171: 16007: 15887: 15809: 15804: 15744: 15607: 13935: 13889: 13549: 13543: 11008: 10707: 8927: 8513: 7001: 6723: 6666: 5363: 4683: 4611:. The Saudi regime expanded this press into a larger operation, introducing the new Saudi official gazette of Mecca, 4495: 4140: 3152: 969: 210: 3418:

Another source which sporadically provided water was rainfall which was stored by the people in small reservoirs or

2423:

in Mecca in 570 CE, and thus Islam has been inextricably linked with it ever since. He was born into the faction of

1533:

as the official spelling in the 1980s, but it is not universally known or used worldwide. The full official name is

16307: 16196: 16105: 15719: 13806: 13662: 13197: 13093: 12901: 12891: 9787: 9545: 4853: 4836: 4794: 4659: 2748:, the Sharif of Mecca to revolt against the Ottoman Empire and it was the first city captured by his forces in the 2745: 1280: 569: 10075: 8473: 5419: 5104: 3452: 16406: 16315: 16263: 16039: 15971: 15829: 14290: 14106: 12655: 8556: 4398: 2960: 2696: 2358: 1768:

in Mecca. However, the geographic location Diodorus describes is located in northwest Arabia, around the area of

1727: 1151: 3058:) for all Muslims. The surface surrounding the Ka'bah on which Muslims circumambulate it is known as the Mataf. 2756:, declaring himself the Sharif of the state and Mecca his capital. News reports in November 1916 via contact in 2450:

against Meccan paganism, and after enduring persecution from the pagan tribes for 13 years, Muhammad emigrated (

16089: 15834: 15688: 15271: 14355: 13913: 13811: 5668: 5090: 4506:

Mecca's culture has been affected by the large number of pilgrims that arrive annually, and thus boasts a rich

3464: 2599: 1096: 7264: 3260:. The city is situated in a valley with the same name around 70 km (44 mi) east of the port city of 2180:

The harsh conditions and terrain of the Arabian peninsula meant a near-constant state of conflict between the

128: 15961: 15754: 13723: 13482: 13217: 11470: 11014: 8755: 8698: 8674: 8639: 8615: 8297: 7877: 1979:('Cube'), which would have social, religious, political and historical implications for the site and region. 1490:, established for mankind was that at Bakkah". This is said to have been the name of the city at the time of 840: 11322: 10202: 5192: 4716:

The only airport near the city is the Mecca East airport, which is not active. Mecca is primarily served by

2752:. Sharif's revolt proved a turning point of the war on the eastern front. Hussein declared a new state, the 2275:, intending to demolish it. When news of the advance of his army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinanah, 16426: 16186: 16132: 16027: 15976: 15956: 15872: 15844: 15600: 15101: 14275: 14252: 13872: 13728: 13718: 13624: 13335: 9825: 7894: 5513: 4930: 4442:, and using fraudulent documents to do so may result in arrest and prosecution. The prohibition extends to 4247:

system in Mecca has many public and private schools for both males and females. As of 2005, there were 532

2673: 2595: 2367: 1617:, meaning "Mother of all Settlements"). The city has been called several other names in both the Quran and 1415: 872: 7429: 2162:

for aid, in response to which he came south to Arabia with foot-soldiers and a fleet of ships near Mecca.

1225:, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4 16226: 16166: 16002: 15909: 15877: 15683: 14377: 14242: 14058: 13826: 13619: 13054: 12177: 10428: 10419: 9113: 5499:

A Saudi tower: Mecca versus Las Vegas: Taller, holier and even more popular than (almost) anywhere else,

4873: 4857: 4602: 4480: 3241: 2835: 2831: 2664: 919: 746: 3371:' and smaller water sources in the area to Mecca in addition to the construction of a waterworks on 3207:, the mountain atop which is the Hira cave, where it is believed Muhammad received his first revelation. 16251: 16122: 16044: 15251: 15166: 14727: 14461: 14137: 14020: 13537: 13014: 10644: 8801: 4641: 4200: 959: 10662: 8932: 8256: 7975:"Sun, Sand And Water: Solar-Powered Desalination Plant Will Help Supply Saudi Arabia With Fresh Water" 6601:

Bowersock, G. W. (2017). The crucible of Islam. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 50 ff

5410: 4748:

Mecca, similar to Medina, lies at the junction of two of the most important highways in Saudi Arabia,

16191: 16154: 16149: 16084: 15894: 15862: 15852: 15749: 15707: 15541: 14217: 13918: 13747: 13443: 13223: 13186: 10599: 9427: 8395: 5445: 4749: 4725: 4458:, the founder of Sikhism, is said to have visited Mecca in December 1518. One of the most famous was 4439: 2933: 2792: 2487:

alone. Mecca was declared the holiest site in Islam ordaining it as the center of Muslim pilgrimage (

1428: 1054: 766: 363: 14744: 14712: 12626:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

12200: 10449: 8142: 4403:

Mecca is very densely populated. Most long-term residents live in the Old City, the area around the

16297: 16285: 16268: 16181: 16117: 15966: 15923: 15773: 15759: 15151: 14372: 14101: 13925: 13698: 13236: 12497: 11599: 11287: 11187: 8837:"Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change" 4655: 3411: 2617:

One of the most famous travelers to Mecca in the 14th century was a Moroccan scholar and traveler,

1933: 1409: 986: 786: 482: 306: 8825: 8228: 2979:

involves pilgrims visiting Al-Haram Mosque, but mainly camping and spending time in the plains of

16354: 16292: 16213: 16176: 16079: 15990: 15946: 15729: 15635: 15156: 14235: 13109: 10286: 10029: 9689: 8433:

Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer says that Mecca was not banned to non-Muslim till nineteenth century;

6832:

Hawting, G.R. (1980). "The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba'".

5609: 5043:

Possibly following their pilgrimage in 805 CE and seeing the city's issues with its water supply.

4658:

pressed them forward as he saw them as a means of convenience and better governance. While under

4541: 4190: 3403: 3337: 3325: 2566: 1953: 1354: 581: 289: 13263: 11362: 11145: 10224: 9663: 6614:

Crone, Patricia (2007). "Quraysh and the Roman Army: Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade".

5575: 2537:

Muhammad's return to Medina shifted the focus away from Mecca and later even further away when '

16411: 16325: 16231: 16022: 15698: 14387: 14316: 14285: 14225: 13207: 13202: 13120: 12859: 12193: 11443: 10698: 10639: 10529: 10009: 9400: 8912: 5882: 5441: 5440:

prohibits the veneration of shrines, tombs, and sacred objects, many sites associated with the

5030: 5001: 4979: 4459: 4256: 4149: 3385: 3350: 2909: 2774: 2749: 2681: 2143: 1731: 1381:. However, many of the demolitions have officially been part of the continued expansion of the 1331: 1214: 1035: 801: 20: 8836: 8354: 7825: 7119: 6921: 6166:

Title Journeys in holy lands: the evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael legends in Islamic exegesis

6164: 5839: 5808: 5141: 3236: 2845:

of Mecca, in which the entry of non-Muslims is forbidden, is much larger than that of Medina.

16370: 16280: 16273: 16258: 16246: 16236: 16137: 16127: 15941: 15191: 14720: 14454: 14333: 14311: 13130: 13007: 12760: 11698: 11567: 11464: 10259: 10126: 9915: 9819: 9674: 9587: 9299: 9064: 8208: 8164: 7950:"FCC Aqualia wins contract to operate two wastewater treatment plants in Mecca, Saudi Arabia" 7850: 6799: 6784: 6769: 6376:, William Heinemann Ltd., London & Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1935, p. 217. 6147: 6029: 6001: 5962: 5781: 5603: 5325: 5305: 4671: 4553: 4404: 2873: 2725: 2669: 2494: 2472: 2060: 1760: 1651::21. Arab and Islamic tradition holds that the wilderness of Paran, broadly speaking, is the 1309: 1030: 855: 639: 594: 474: 5292:

Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.

3288:

region, although some mountain peaks in Mecca reach 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in height.

1245:

from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the

16421: 16330: 15882: 15814: 15476: 15346: 15221: 14000: 13907: 13852: 12838: 12794: 11720: 11315: 11199: 11181: 10330: 10156: 8074: 7541: 7515: 4667: 4533: 4447: 3368: 2864: 2854: 2689: 2648:

In 1517, the then Sharif of Mecca, Barakat bin Muhammad, acknowledged the supremacy of the

2574: 2570: 2467: 2197: 1801: 12984: 10249: 8331: 8052: 7594: 6923:

The history of the medieval world: from the conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade

5264:

Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.

8: 16375: 15216: 15196: 15136: 14595: 14230: 14111: 14005: 13821: 13318: 13115: 12958: 12875: 12648: 11749: 11693: 11488: 11156: 10798: 10021: 9716: 9386: 9168: 9145: 8356:

Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia

5814: 4991: 4902: 4881: 4765: 3397: 3362: 2811: 2637: 2447: 1549: 1386: 1144: 1040: 674: 574: 10654: 10580: 7644: 7360: 16059: 15931: 15789: 15668: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15416: 15141: 14661: 14631: 14392: 14306: 14157: 14093: 13901: 13877: 13554: 13532: 13492: 13382: 13295: 13246: 13212: 13103: 12816: 12106: 12075: 11548: 11194: 10946: 10768: 10090: 9218: 6986: 6857: 6849: 6715: 6639: 6631: 6321: 5871: 5568: 5544: 5525: 4946: 4806: 3448: 3181: 3156: 2980: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2860: 2733: 2680:

that lasted until 1891 and led on to the present country of Saudi Arabia. In 1853, Sir

2677: 2506: 1863: 1844: 1828: 1064: 1021: 991: 974: 949: 894: 850: 562: 178: 158: 12964: 8572: 5709: 2212:, Abraha descended upon Mecca, riding an elephant, with a large army after building a 16221: 15663: 15658: 15421: 15331: 15206: 14826: 14811: 14367: 14362: 14267: 14257: 14247: 13930: 13816: 13768: 13611: 13522: 13283: 13273: 13268: 13258: 13253: 13086: 12728: 12713: 12688: 12562: 11754: 11739: 11675: 11134: 10860: 10445: 10344: 10122: 10102: 10095: 9161: 8897: 8867: 8848: 8805: 8782: 8447: 8360: 8277: 7747: 7737: 7684: 7674: 7575: 7306: 6997: 6927: 6861: 6749: 6719: 6662: 6643: 6579: 6513: 6475: 6409: 6344: 6325: 6270: 6260: 6230: 6170: 6104: 6035: 6005: 5994: 5972: 5934: 5886: 5849: 5818: 5787: 5745: 5695: 5613: 5579: 5359: 5331: 5311: 5281: 5253: 5147: 5084: 4951: 4579: 4532:

In pre-modern Mecca, the most common sports were impromptu wrestling and foot races.

4507: 4259:, which was established in 1949 as a college and became a public university in 1981. 4212: 4174: 4093: 4046: 3995: 2653: 2649: 2554: 2546: 2354: 2350: 2280: 2213: 2166: 2091: 2072: 1836: 1773: 1591: 1579:

is the familiar form of the English transliteration for the Arabic name of the city.

1105: 1069: 1016: 929: 889: 751: 429: 8728: 7234: 7016: 2652:

but retained a great degree of local autonomy. In 1803 the city was captured by the

2240:'s birth. Abraha allegedly sent a messenger named Muhammad ibn Khuza'i to Mecca and 16441: 15936: 15678: 15246: 15201: 14971: 14931: 14806: 14397: 14382: 14142: 13847: 13569: 13507: 13497: 13487: 13472: 13278: 13181: 13153: 13041: 12968: 12534: 12134: 12127: 12047: 11806: 11734: 11681: 11589: 11409: 10996: 10735: 10678: 10536: 10464: 10325: 9870: 9720: 9695: 9653: 9327: 9186: 7164: 6841: 6623: 6311: 6301: 6222: 6217: 6096: 5918: 4598: 4537: 4419: 4178: 3442: 3273: 3109: 3040:

There is a difference of opinion between Islamic scholars upon who first built the

2753: 2531: 2410:) is believed to stand on the spot where Muhammad was born, so it is also known as 2233: 2181: 2107: 1983: 1957: 1755: 1697: 1583: 1491: 1487: 1370: 1327: 1323: 1257: 1170: 914: 909: 860: 845: 830: 739: 618: 333: 329: 134: 8493: 7089: 7039: 2071:

Sometime in the 5th century, the Ka'bah was a place of worship for the deities of

1665:

was "an arabized Hebrew word, one of the names of Mecca mentioned in the Torah."

1268:. With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten 15673: 15516: 15391: 14901: 14323: 14030: 13975: 13775: 13461: 13421: 13372: 13324: 13098: 12693: 12324: 12085: 12041: 11171: 10855: 10557: 10469: 9950: 9773: 9621: 9304: 9268: 8987: 8579: 8560: 8500: 8215: 8197: 7881: 7601: 7464: 7399: 7393: 7380: 7334: 7179: 7046: 7023: 6707: 5930: 5845: 5739: 5520: 5481: 5456:

have estimated that as many as 95 percent of the historic sites around Mecca and

5453: 5013: 4970: 4941: 4815:

season. It consists of nine stations, three in each of the aforementioned towns.

4675: 4654:

Telecommunications in the city were emphasized early under the Saudi reign. King

4605:. During the Hashemite period, it was used to print the city's official gazette, 4291: 4252: 3426: 3376: 3341: 3329: 3225: 3045: 2868: 2827: 2296:

could have caused such a failed invasion of Mecca. The reference to the story in

2276: 2165:

By the middle of the 6th century, there were three major settlements in northern

2131: 2087: 1922: 1656: 1640: 1540: 1382: 1049: 865: 825: 814: 796: 699: 644: 557: 172: 114: 10070: 5381:"Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower" 4809:

in the city to reduce congestion on the road and is only operational during the

2867:, claiming the Saudi royal family no longer represented pure Islam and that the 16396: 15904: 15116: 15091: 15071: 15026: 14748: 14621: 14570: 14519: 14435: 14162: 14015: 13857: 13559: 12948: 12821: 12782: 12723: 12641: 12187: 12155: 12115: 11982: 11973: 11744: 11729: 11668: 11385: 11305: 11246: 10915: 10763: 10541: 10280: 10253: 10229: 10064: 10048: 9901: 9860: 9832: 9799: 9726: 9643: 9631: 9609: 9593: 9434: 8983:

Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Makkahh, by Richard Burton

8832: 8418: 8189: 7710: 7567: 6578:. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University. pp. 3 ff. 6084: 5960: 5906: 4936: 4925: 4524:, and traveling to Jeddah just to get a taste of the fried chicken was common. 4476: 4196: 3460: 3407: 3317: 3310: 3123: 2917: 2586: 2501: 2412: 2334: 2318: 2284: 2049:

There were also some other inscriptions which contained personal names such as

1961: 1918: 1851: 1818: 1810: 1777: 1723: 1378: 1202: 1137: 1009: 996: 954: 899: 513: 294: 11559: 7688: 7673:. Al-Nawawi, Imam., Muslim, Imam Abul-Husain. La Vergne: Kube Publishing Ltd. 7479:, The Independent, 19 April 2006 | archived from the original on 10 March 2009 7458:'The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage' 7327: 6845: 6627: 1869:

Codex Ṣanʿāʾ DAM 01–29.1, folio 29a, radiocarbon dated between 633 and 665 CE.

16416: 16390: 15581: 15551: 15281: 15046: 15021: 14338: 14175: 14025: 13564: 13527: 13502: 13387: 12765: 12182: 11894: 11817: 11794: 11239: 10649: 10605: 10546: 10512: 10436: 10335: 10269: 9911: 9880: 9615: 9563: 7751: 7301: 6274: 6234: 6108: 5968: 5922: 5914: 5599: 5500: 4832: 4623: 4559: 3874: 3204: 3172: 3093: 2900: 2896: 2779: 2741: 2699:. Between 1830 and 1930, cholera broke out among pilgrims at Mecca 27 times. 2578: 2514:

Jeddah, and came overland, or joined the annual caravans from Syria or Iraq.

2451: 2432: 2389: 2375: 2279:

and Hudhayl united in the defense of the Ka'bah and the city. A man from the

1987: 1644: 1425: 1362: 1350: 1293: 1263: 1253: 1074: 979: 939: 254: 241: 164: 10967: 10573: 9741: 7777: 7169: 7152: 6834:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6822:

Jawwad Ali, The Detailed History of Arabs before Islam (1993), Vol. 4, p. 11

6616:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6306: 6289: 2526:. Muslim rulers did contribute to its upkeep, such as during the reigns of ' 1696:

is considered to be a primate closely related to the common ancestor of the

15623: 15511: 15411: 15291: 15276: 15241: 15121: 15111: 15096: 15036: 15031: 15001: 14926: 14891: 14781: 14626: 14479: 14425: 14350: 14010: 13862: 13740: 13456: 13360: 13348: 13062: 12833: 12804: 12799: 12733: 12666: 12278: 12035: 11621: 11554: 11220: 11177: 10869: 10850: 10845: 10634: 10590: 10085: 9670: 9583: 9337: 9252: 9235: 9127: 9054: 8506: 7148: 6739: 6196: 6149:

A series of essays on the life of Muhammad: and subjects subsidiary thereto

5540:"'Cultural genocide of Islamic heritage' in Saudi Arabia riles Sunni Sufis" 5405: 5351: 4916: 4798: 4700: 4696: 4679: 4574: 4423: 4248: 4220: 4182: 3430: 3372: 3189: 3049: 2842: 2737: 2562: 2510: 2272: 2249: 2245: 2119: 1679: 1587: 1298:("Mountain of Light"), just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the 1242: 1210: 1125: 1081: 818: 550: 539: 282: 148: 15286: 10773: 10291: 9637: 8910:

Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods."

8779:

What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570–1405

8517: 8298:"After the hajj: Mecca residents grow hostile to changes in the holy city" 7090:"Significance Behind Prophet Mohammad's Birth in the Year of the Elephant" 6226: 6056:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Maacah, Maacah, Macoraba" 5020: 16054: 15501: 15261: 15236: 15181: 15171: 15011: 14996: 14991: 14956: 14911: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14786: 13987: 13477: 13416: 13343: 13230: 12896: 12811: 12787: 12775: 12468: 12261: 12016: 11958: 11947: 11581: 11541: 11482: 11348: 11337: 11333: 10875: 10788: 10783: 9371: 8955: 8889: 6290:"The Population Size of Muḥammad's Mecca and the Creation of the Quraysh" 4824: 4621:. However, other Saudi newspapers are also provided in Mecca such as the 4470: 4208: 3321: 3067: 3023: 2721: 2618: 2603: 2424: 2248:, the people of the lowland, knowing what he had come for, sent a man of 2185: 2174: 2170: 2103: 2099: 1439:

Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its

1396: 877: 835: 759: 15592: 10164: 9966: 9393: 7316:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 952. 7193: 6694: 6682: 6635: 5129: 3089: 15546: 15371: 15316: 15311: 15266: 15256: 15226: 15211: 15076: 15061: 15056: 15016: 15006: 14946: 14941: 14906: 14896: 14886: 14881: 14866: 14836: 14776: 14771: 14681: 14280: 13377: 13352: 12843: 12828: 11997: 11877: 11781: 11772: 11356: 11003: 10956: 10840: 10521: 10274: 9347: 8844: 8536: 6343:. Independently Published (published 17 March 2020). pp. 146–149. 6316: 6215:

Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor".

6122: 6100: 5768: 4802: 4740: 4686:

and various cable, satellite and other specialty television providers.

4629: 4570: 4463: 4455: 4431: 4427: 4216: 3333: 3185: 2971: 2589: 2582: 2436: 2330: 2258: 2205: 2139: 2003: 1995: 1832: 1769: 1602:

Another name used for Mecca in the Quran is at 6:92 where it is called

882: 12293: 10053: 10014: 9354: 9177: 8977: 8874: 6853: 6192:"Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate" 2146:. Mecca's prominence as a trading center also surpassed the cities of 1872:

Codex Arabe 331, folio 40 v, radiocarbon dated between 652 and 765 CE.

1424:, even though Jeddah is considerably larger in population than Mecca. 15386: 15321: 15301: 15231: 15126: 15086: 15066: 15051: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14966: 14961: 14936: 14871: 14856: 14791: 14742: 13995: 13426: 13241: 12988: 12556: 12546: 12234: 11686: 11497: 11423: 11269: 11057: 10926: 10627: 10611: 9956: 9603: 9291: 9240: 9104: 6363:

Holland, Tom; In the Shadow of the Sword; Little, Brown; 2012; p. 471

5437: 5415: 4443: 3252:, a 200 km (124 mi) wide strip of mountains separating the 3159:, also known as the Grand Mosque of Mecca, during the Hajj pilgrimage 3073: 3041: 2963:

on Monday, 2 August 2027, for a duration of 5 minutes and 8 seconds.

2891: 2676:. In 1818, the Saud were defeated again but survived and founded the 2592: 2523: 2480: 2476: 2458: 2440: 2209: 2159: 2127: 2063:

suggested that there's also a probability of a tribe named "Makkah".

1824: 1765: 1688: 1678:

In 2010, Mecca and the surrounding area became an important site for

1440: 1375:

destruction of several historical structures and archaeological sites

1287: 781: 465: 12251: 5873:

Muhammad and Jesus: a comparison of the prophets and their teachings

5356:

Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam

2672:. Muhammad Ali Pasha successfully returned Mecca to Ottoman control 1431:

has been the provincial governor of the province since 16 May 2007.

15819: 15561: 15526: 15471: 15456: 15436: 15361: 15356: 15306: 15296: 15146: 14951: 14921: 14916: 14831: 14611: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14539: 14328: 13834: 13692: 13644: 13438: 13392: 13356: 13081: 12703: 12698: 12458: 12298: 12283: 11572: 11254: 11094: 11083: 11076: 10865: 10713: 10692: 10320: 10214: 10139: 9814: 9479: 9441: 9247: 8880: 8082:

Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

7261:"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)" 5639:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. 28 May 2015. Archived from 5449: 4617: 4607: 4414:

Year-round, pilgrims stream into the city to perform the rites of '

3253: 3244:. Haram is visible in the center while Mina is visible in the east. 3018: 2913: 2729: 2606: 2550: 2346: 2293: 2237: 2135: 2095: 2076: 2026: 2010: 1991: 1932:

In the Islamic view, the beginnings of Mecca are attributed to the

1877: 1839:

of the south supports the Arabic sources tradition that associates

1754:

Possible earlier mentions are not unambiguous. The Greek historian

1483: 1421: 1358: 1283: 1091: 1059: 773: 707: 14703: 12978: 8553: 8352: 6034:(Illustrated ed.). University of Minnesota Press. p. 6. 2569:

and the Zubayrids. The city was twice besieged by the Umayyads in

2446:

in 610 CE, according to Islamic tradition. Advocating his form of

16335: 16069: 15576: 15571: 15536: 15531: 15506: 15491: 15486: 15466: 15446: 15441: 15406: 15341: 15186: 15131: 15106: 15081: 15041: 14876: 14861: 14816: 14801: 14796: 14686: 14666: 14656: 14651: 14616: 14343: 13949: 13637: 13517: 13409: 13402: 13397: 13139: 12928: 12743: 12708: 12524: 12319: 11823: 11636: 11593: 11522: 11517: 11454: 11389: 11375: 11277: 10932: 10921: 10720: 10683: 10413: 10357: 10263: 9874: 9846: 9699: 9657: 9573: 9510: 9461: 9382: 8875:

Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2008). "Makkah".

8027:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 7874: 7799: 7416: 7113: 5961:

Ham, Anthony; Brekhus Shams, Martha & Madden, Andrew (2004).

5738:

Versteegh, Kees (2008). C.H.M. Versteegh; Kees Versteegh (eds.).

4513: 4451: 4223:

travel has increased the number of pilgrims participating in the

3419: 3257: 3221: 2716:

Hashemite Revolt and subsequent control by the Sharifate of Mecca

2693: 2658: 2626: 2558: 2443: 2428: 2326: 2254: 2241: 2151: 2118:

had been increasing. Another previous route that ran through the

2111: 2014: 2006: 1949: 1941: 1843:

as a branch of the Ma'add and Muhammad as a direct descendant of

1840: 1793: 1785: 1683: 1652: 1648: 1628: 1564: 1506:, among others. It was a name for the city in the ancient world. 1222: 924: 601: 439: 8188:

Statistical information department of the ministry of education:

7898: 7132:

This elephant was called Mahmud and it was sent to Abrahah from

5710:"Prince Khalid Al Faisal appointed as governor of Makkah region" 5065:"The History of Kaaba Construction and Its Renovation Over Time" 4860:

line entered operation, connecting the holy cities of Mecca and

1911: 16241: 15566: 15556: 15481: 15461: 15451: 15431: 15426: 15396: 15366: 15336: 15326: 15176: 14821: 14676: 14636: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14534: 14529: 14514: 14504: 13867: 13841: 13800: 13761: 13678: 13591: 13512: 13367: 13313: 13308: 13075: 12999: 12718: 12567: 12442: 12314: 12229: 12148: 12090: 11906: 11900: 11606: 11432: 11417: 11214: 11166: 11103: 11071: 10984: 10894: 10829: 10725: 10473: 10454: 10349: 10315: 9960: 9929: 9906: 9777: 9685: 9577: 9449: 9285: 9228: 9208: 9150: 9137: 9122: 8165:"MODON begins handover of 45 mln sqm industrial city in Makkah" 7671:

Sahih Muslim (Volume 2) With the Full Commentary by Imam Nawawi

6474:. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 53–55. 5477:"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'" 5457: 4877: 4865: 4861: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4721: 4663: 4521: 4517: 4484: 4466: 4186: 3261: 3097: 3077: 2984: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2788: 2463: 2420: 2305: 2264: 2155: 2123: 2115: 2030: 1969: 1900: 1858:

Mecca is mentioned in the following early Quranic manuscripts:

1739: 1735: 1620: 1472: 1466: 1238: 1234: 1218: 944: 934: 723: 691: 683: 668: 662: 546: 470: 11314:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 8104:"How important is the Umrah pilgrimage for the Saudi economy?" 7619:"Over 700 Dead, 800 Injured in Stampede Near Mecca During Haj" 7433: 6510:

Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, volume 1, part 1

2707: 2509:

grew, Mecca continued to attract pilgrims from all across the

2106:

from dangerous sea routes to more secure overland routes. The

1956:. The civilization of Mecca is believed to have started after 1633:. According to an Islamic suggestion, another name for Mecca, 1275:

Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of

16320: 15401: 15381: 15351: 14691: 14671: 14646: 14641: 14590: 14509: 14116: 13941: 13895: 13883: 13685: 13671: 13630: 13303: 13160: 13146: 13067: 13030: 12923: 12770: 12488: 12143: 12120: 12098: 11888: 11882: 11852: 11534: 11436: 11259: 11232: 11118: 10989: 10901: 10673: 10585: 10491: 10209: 10192: 9921: 9864: 9836: 9759: 9745: 9730: 9706: 9680: 9647: 9625: 9597: 9521: 9491: 9484: 9475: 9466: 9315: 9273: 9068: 9019: 7133: 7118:. Translated by Abū Rumaysah. Islamic Network. Archived from 5905: 5223:"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…" 4777: 4500: 4415: 3336:. The project encompassed the construction of an underground 3285: 3249: 3136: 3072:

The Black Stone is a stone, considered by scientists to be a

3054: 3035: 3012: 2995: 2823: 2757: 2484: 2297: 2268: 2232:. It gained widespread fame, even gaining attention from the 2225: 2217: 2201: 2147: 2083: 2079: 1975: 1965: 1945: 1806: 1738:, and Muhammad’s own household. Al-Ateeqi, a researcher from 1714: 1561: 1480: 1450: 1346: 1337: 1319: 1299: 1276: 1206: 1086: 964: 655: 613: 606: 529: 521: 337: 118: 8721:"Saudi Arabia's Haramain High-Speed Railway opens to public" 8573:"The Roads and Ports Sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" 7305: 5570:

The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places

4238:. It covers an area of 45 square kilometres (11,000 acres). 3200: 3016:) and the walking between the two mounts of Safa and Marwa ( 2471:

Quraysh. Subsequently, Muslims and Meccans entered into the

2317:

Mecca to be loaded on the caravans and carried to cities in

1994::3–6 as a reference to Mecca, similar to the Quran at Surah 16049: 15521: 15376: 14499: 13782: 13754: 13704: 13651: 13596: 13167: 12917: 12288: 12212: 11843: 11626: 11299: 11088: 10978: 10962: 10507: 10219: 9925: 9884: 9755: 9710: 9567: 9416: 9320: 8887: 8328:"Saudi embassy warns against entry of non-Muslims in Mecca" 7645:"Total Solar Eclipse on August 2, 2027: Path Map and Times" 7467:, The Independent, 6 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2011 6259:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. 4811: 4773: 4635: 4558:

Adorning the southern facade of the Masjid al-Haram is the

4544:

is the largest stadium in Mecca with a capacity of 38,000.

4224: 3131: 2991: 2976: 2921: 2887:

Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia

2819: 2761: 2542: 2527: 2489: 2322: 2301: 2229: 2130:

rivers was also being threatened by exploitations from the

1937: 1701: 1391: 1248: 1185: 1179: 715: 623: 7136:, the king of Abyssinia, particularly for this expedition. 5837: 4236:

Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones

12478: 11872: 11654: 9058: 8448:"Sir Richard Francis Burton: A Pilgrimage to Mecca, 1853" 8437:, Sikh University Press, (2010–2012), vol. 1, pp. 181–182 8229:"A new National Geographic Special on PBS 'Inside Mecca'" 7051:

Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and Civilisation in Arabia Felix

6573: 5741:

Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4

2859:

On 20 November 1979, two hundred armed dissidents led by

2538: 1509: 7491:"How Saudi Arabia obliterated its rich cultural history" 5514:

Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City

4407:

and many work to support pilgrims, known locally as the

1831:

tribe possessed the coast of western Arabia between the

8127:

World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 edition. Volume M. p. 353

4852:

In 2018, a high speed intercity rail line, part of the

4418:, and during the last weeks of eleventh Islamic month, 2204:

history for the year approximately equating to 570–572

2158:. The tribes of southern Arabia asked the Persian king 1899:

Mecca mentioned in Quranic manuscript Codex Arabe 331 (

1758:

writes about Arabia in the 1st century BCE in his work

1707: 1302:

was first revealed to Muhammad. Visiting Mecca for the

16:

Holiest city in Islam, Saudi Arabian provincial capital

11149:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 7114:ʿAbdu r-Rahmān ibn Nāsir as-Saʿdī (23 December 2009). 6801:

Intertwined Worlds: Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism

4297:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلْعَزِيْز بِحَي ٱلـزَّاهِر 1279:". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthplace of the 496: 6895:"Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods", 4835:

system for the city. This will be in addition to the

2643:

Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

2612: 2340: 1182: 11847:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 8533:"Saudi terminal can receive 3,800 pilgrims per hour" 7453: 7451: 5696:"Who's Who: Saleh Al-Turki, the new mayor of Makkah" 4984: 4892: 3390: 3355: 1925:, and related religious sites, such as Jabal al-Nour 1876:

The earliest Muslim inscriptions are from the Mecca-

1660: 1634: 1626: 1618: 1603: 1555: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1510: 1501: 1495: 1473: 1457: 1444: 1413: 1403: 1335: 1313: 1303: 1291: 1261: 1246: 444: 84: 8861: 7116:"Tafsir of Surah al Fil – The Elephant (Surah 105)" 7040:"Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia" 6576:

Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law

5806: 5779: 5637:"Mayor of Makkah Receives Malaysian Consul General" 4438:Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter Mecca under 2500:

Muhammad then returned to Medina, after assigning '

1176: 1173: 9017: 8593:"Makkah building eight tunnels to ease congestion" 8075:"Klimatafel von Mekka (al-Makkah) / Saudi-Arabien" 6985: 6027: 5993: 5870: 5868: 5567: 4615:. Mecca also has its own paper owned by the city, 4168:Pilgrims are the driving force of Mecca's economy. 2998:and for its status as the birthplace of Muhammad. 2791:(approx. 70 km away) internationally and the 1960:(Abraham) left his son Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) and wife 8190:Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia 8005:Permaculture Design: Tools for Climate Resilience 7448: 7147: 6385:Jan Retsö, The Arabs in Antiquity (2003), 295–300 6257:Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land 6162: 6145: 5927:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 5763: 5761: 3061: 2806:in the east and Highway 15, which connects it to 2795:(approx. 120 km away) for domestic flights. 1968:'s command. Some people from the Yemeni tribe of 1659:, the 12th-century Syrian geographer, wrote that 1582:Macoraba, another ancient city name mentioned by 16388: 11457:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 10045:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 8936:. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007 8751:"Al Rajhi wins Makkah – Madinah civils contract" 8416: 8139:"Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca" 8051:. Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Archived from 7736:. London: The British Museum. pp. 176–178. 7477:'Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca' 6745:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources 6408:. Princeton University Press. pp. 134–135. 5733: 5731: 5323: 4597:The first press was brought to Mecca in 1885 by 2951:during the stoning-the-Devil ritual at Jamarat. 2517: 2431:. It was in the nearby mountain cave of Hira on 2059:, "Makkan, of Makkah"), but Jawwad Ali from the 2029:inscriptions which were discovered in the south 1443:is obscure. Widely believed to be a synonym for 8831: 8271: 7432:. Doubleday(US). 28 August 2007. Archived from 6403: 5737: 4724:for international and regional connections and 4646:in addition to other international newspapers. 3192:for various rituals that are part of the Hajj. 3180:, pilgrims also must visit the nearby towns of 1982:Muslims see the mention of a pilgrimage at the 1237:and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are 8694:"High speed stations for a high speed railway" 8141:. London: The Independent (UK). Archived from 6919: 6428: 5786:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 22–25. 5758: 5470: 5468: 4752:, connecting it to the important port city of 2908:that have been destroyed include the house of 2271:with a large army, which included one or more 1655:and the site where Ishmael settled was Mecca. 1625:. Another name used historically for Mecca is 1353:. The city was most recently conquered in the 15608: 14728: 14462: 13015: 12649: 9003: 8353:Robert W. Hefner; Patricia Horvatich (1997). 8330:. ABS-CBN News. 14 March 2006. Archived from 7847:"In the Shade of the Message and Prophethood" 7758: 7668: 7217: 7215: 6962: 6960: 6831: 6341:Makkah at the Time of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) 5728: 5561: 5559: 5310:. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. 5307:Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith 3272:is the Ibrahim al-Khalil Street, named after 2401:Bayt al-Mawlid / Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 2208:, when, according to Islamic sources such as 1560:is used to refer to the city in the Quran in 1145: 9117:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 8715: 8713: 8686: 8664: 8662: 8627: 8359:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 198. 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7695: 6156: 5744:(Illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 513. 5624:Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims 5250:The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950 4933:where Muhammad is believed to have been born 4377: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4317: 4305: 4279: 4267: 4230:A new industrial city is being developed in 2939:either suffocated or trampled to death in a 2916:, Muhammad's birthplace and the Ottoman-era 2728:. It had successfully repulsed an attack on 2086:, which had been placed there by the ruling 2054: 2038: 2033:contained names of some individuals such as 1609: 1322:, believed by Muslims to have been built by 1308:is an obligation upon all able Muslims. The 1217:. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from 451: 91: 62: 50: 16018:Council of Economic and Development Affairs 7725: 7027:Dictionary of African Christian Biographies 6983: 6945: 6943: 6287: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6152:. London: Trübner & co. pp. 74–76. 5773: 5465: 4772:. While in the south, it connects Mecca to 4380:مُسْتَشْفَى ابْن سِيْنَا بِحَدَاء / بَحْرَه 15615: 15601: 14735: 14721: 14469: 14455: 13022: 13008: 12656: 12642: 11475:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 10789:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 10591:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 9969:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 9010: 8996: 8894:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 8877:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 8862:Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. (2007). "Mecca". 7212: 6957: 6926:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 243. 6901: 6786:Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, 6699: 6541: 6357: 6141: 6139: 6023: 6021: 5909:; Warmind, Morten; Hawley, John Stratton; 5838:Glassé, Cyril & Smith, Huston (2003). 5831: 5800: 5556: 5398: 5327:What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an 4547: 2541:, the fourth caliph, took power and chose 2522:Mecca was never the capital of any of the 2173:and a position at the crossroads of major 1365:, the world's fourth-tallest building and 1152: 1138: 15622: 9336: 8710: 8659: 8603: 8525: 8483:. General Authority for Statistics. 2016. 7913: 7350: 7177: 7168: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6732: 6598: 6469: 6338: 6315: 6305: 6078: 6076: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5862: 5303: 5275: 5252:. Harvard University Press. p. 173. 5143:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 4344:مَدِيْنَة ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلله ٱلطِّبِيَّة 4282:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك فَيْصَل بِحَي ٱلشّشه 2769:Saudi Arabian conquest and modern history 2724:, the Ottoman Empire was at war with the 2102:, since battles elsewhere were diverting 1231:third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia 8978:Saudi Information Resource – Holy Makkah 8919:Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." 8743: 8670:"Jeddah and Makkah metro plans approved" 7998: 7397:Saturday 25 November 1916, reprinted in 7300: 6940: 6241: 5879:Continuum International Publishing Group 5655: 5598: 4744:3rd Ring Road passing through Kudai Area 4739: 4494: 4195: 4163: 3304: 3235: 3228:in Islamic tradition) at the age of 40. 3199: 3088: 2970: 2966: 2890: 2706: 2636: 2362: 2300:is rather short. According to the 105th 8682:from the original on 24 September 2015. 8611:"Hajj pilgrims take the metro to Mecca" 8261:. Vol. 23. 2007. pp. 698–699. 7566: 7406: 7285: 6656: 6214: 6204:from the original on 27 September 2016. 6136: 6018: 5664:"The Growing Pains of the Ancient Hajj" 5605:What everyone needs to know about Islam 4592: 16389: 12974: 10299:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 10185:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 9989: 8516:. Elabdar Architecture. Archived from 8136: 7870: 7868: 7841: 7839: 7731: 7625:from the original on 25 September 2015 7516:"What is the Hajj? ("Hajj disasters")" 7488: 7032: 6972: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6804:. Princeton University Press. pp.61–62 6783:Crone, Patricia and Cook, M.A. (1977) 6705: 6507: 6254: 6189: 6082: 6073: 5947: 5810:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology 5574:. Princeton University Press. p. 5565: 5474: 5146:. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. 5029: 5000: 3022:). The masjid is also the site of the 1369:, towering over the Great Mosque. The 15596: 14716: 14450: 14202: 13970: 13586: 13003: 12637: 12067: 11655:Events, incidents, occasions or times 11653: 11042: 10378: 10034:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 9988: 9762:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 9543: 9043: 9030: 8991: 8826:Timeline of Mecca § Bibliography 8543:from the original on 8 November 2014. 8247: 8041: 7403:Friday 25 November 2016 issue (p. 36) 7198: 7029:. 2007. (last accessed 11 April 2007) 6738: 6613: 6532: 6133:AlSahib, AlMuheet fi Allughah, p. 303 5716:from the original on 30 December 2007 5661: 5378: 4332:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْوِلَادَة وَٱلْأَطْفَال 3048:while others believe it was built by 2943:. On 24 September 2015, 700 pilgrims 2912:, the wife of Muhammad, the house of 2881:Destruction of Islamic heritage sites 2744:conspired with the Ottoman governor, 2456:) in 622 CE with his companions, the 2435:that Muhammad began receiving divine 1815:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 13971: 13587: 12954: 11986:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 10465:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 8864:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 8582:. saudia-online.com. 5 November 2001 8308:from the original on 24 October 2016 8067: 7828:. islamonline.com. 5 December 2007. 7703:"Maqam Ibrahim (Station of Abraham)" 7522:from the original on 24 January 2009 7010: 5991: 5921:; Campo, Juan; Penner, Hans (1999). 5475:Taylor, Jerome (24 September 2011). 5452:, were demolished under Saudi rule. 5350: 5247: 4870:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4718:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4564:third-largest building by floor area 2785:King Abdulaziz International Airport 2602:and centered in eastern Arabia. The 2333:. Other regional powers such as the 2066: 1708:Early history (up to 6th century CE) 28:City in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia 16437:Provincial capitals of Saudi Arabia 8254:"Makkah al-Mukarramah and Medina". 8084:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst 8029:. World Meteorological Organization 7897:. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Archived from 7865: 7836: 7339:Library of Congress Country Studies 7241:from the original on 17 August 2010 6882: 5996:Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia 5712:. Saudi Press Agency. 16 May 2007. 5506: 5017: 4974: 4328:Maternity and Children's Hospital ( 4295: 3474:Climate data for Mecca (1991-2020) 3380: 3345: 3316:Due to Mecca's climatic conditions 3300: 3044:, some believe it was built by the 2055: 1686:evolution, with the discovery of a 1594:root M-K-R-B which means "temple". 1544: 378:1,200 km (500 sq mi) 92: 63: 51: 13: 16432:Populated places in Mecca Province 8819: 8763:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8706:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8619:. 15 November 2010. Archived from 8454:from the original on 12 April 2010 8235:from the original on 15 April 2010 7832:from the original on 22 July 2011. 7489:Bsheer, Rosie (20 December 2020). 6789:Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 6574:Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan (1994). 6549:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6496:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6406:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 5899: 5489:from the original on 16 June 2017. 5444:, such as the homes and graves of 4308:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلنُّوْر ٱلتَّخَصُّصِي 4241: 3164: 3001: 2641:Panorama of Mecca, 1845, from the 2613:Ibn Battuta's description of Mecca 2483:and rededicated to the worship of 2341:Muhammad and the conquest of Mecca 1349:region, the city has seen several 14: 16453: 16402:Burial sites of the House of Saud 15805:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 12011:('Before the rising of the Sun') 8966: 8727:. 11 October 2018. Archived from 7548:from the original on 10 June 2009 7383:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 7328:The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam 6771:Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts 6712:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 5844:(Revised, illustrated ed.). 5426:from the original on 26 June 2020 4706: 4684:Arab Radio and Television Network 4587: 4143:, Jeddah Regional Climate Center 4141:World Meteorological Organization 3117: 2740:. The British intelligence agent 2702: 2192:The Year of the Elephant (570 CE) 2134:, and was being disrupted by the 1827:' 6th century statement that the 1494:and it is also transliterated as 1486:(3), verse 96: "Indeed the first 1397:prohibited from entering the city 386:760 km (290 sq mi) 197:Mecca governorate (green) within 15697: 14743: 14478: 14431: 14430: 14419: 13950:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 13198:Timeline of the history of Islam 13029: 12983: 12973: 12963: 12953: 12944: 12943: 12902:Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro 12892:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 12742: 12665: 12178:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 10614:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 8585: 8566: 8547: 8487: 8466: 8440: 8427: 8410: 8380: 8346: 8320: 8290: 8265: 8221: 8202: 8182: 8157: 8137:Howden, Daniel (19 April 2006). 8130: 8118: 8096: 8019: 7999:Millison, Andrew (August 2019). 7992: 7967: 7942: 7887: 7818: 7804:General Authority for Statistics 7792: 7662: 7637: 7611: 7588: 7560: 7534: 7508: 7482: 7470: 6169:. SUNY Press. pp. 65, 205. 5379:Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). 5203:from the original on 31 May 2022 5037: 4909: 4895: 4854:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 4837:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4795:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4789:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4783: 3144: 3084: 1910: 1892: 1471:The Quran refers to the city as 1169: 1119: 528: 360: • Provincial Governor 275: 216: 209: 191: 171: 157: 141: 127: 107: 15972:General Intelligence Presidency 14291:List of ex-Muslim organisations 11820:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 11225:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 10581:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 9255:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 8771: 8209:"المستشفيات – قائمة المستشفيات" 8049:"Climate Data for Saudi Arabia" 7542:"History of deaths on the Hajj" 7422: 7386: 7367: 7344: 7320: 7294: 7279: 7253: 7227: 7186: 7151:, Hubbard E, Cathey JT (2015). 7141: 7107: 7082: 7056: 6913: 6868: 6825: 6816: 6807: 6792: 6777: 6762: 6687: 6675: 6650: 6607: 6592: 6567: 6554: 6526: 6512:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 163. 6501: 6488: 6463: 6422: 6397: 6388: 6379: 6366: 6332: 6281: 6208: 6183: 6127: 6115: 6048: 5985: 5702: 5688: 5629: 5592: 5548:. 11 April 2013. Archived from 5532: 5493: 5372: 5344: 5297: 5269: 5241: 4760:and the other major port city, 4756:in the west and the capital of 4399:List of neighbourhoods in Mecca 4392: 3195: 2359:List of expeditions of Muhammad 2013:, the eldest son of Ismāʿīl or 1554:'Makkah the Honored'). 1497:Baca, Baka, Bakah, Bakka, Becca 1215:holiest city according to Islam 11124:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 11017:at the time of Abraham and Lot 10481:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 10148:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 9640:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 9044: 9031: 8960:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 8896:. Princeton University Press. 8798:A History of Islamic Societies 8643:. 24 June 2009. Archived from 8635:"Mecca metro contracts signed" 7875:http://www.witness-pioneer.org 6372:Translated by C.H. Oldfather, 5276:Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). 5215: 5185: 5160: 5134: 5122: 5097: 5057: 5007: 4964: 3465:Intertropical Convergence Zone 3215: 3062:Hajr-e-Aswad (The Black Stone) 2838:near Rabigh within two hours. 2493:), one of the Islamic faith's 2110:had previously controlled the 2090:tribe. and remained until the 1597: 1: 15962:Chairman of the General Staff 11043: 8756:Railway Gazette International 8699:Railway Gazette International 8675:Railway Gazette International 8640:Railway Gazette International 8616:Railway Gazette International 8106:. TRT World. 27 February 2020 7806:(in Arabic). 17 December 2015 7419:. (Archived) 1 November 2009. 7263:. Ucalgary.ca. Archived from 6661:. Darwin Press. p. 565. 6659:Seeing Islam as others saw it 6374:Diodorus Of Sicily, Volume II 5841:The new encyclopedia of Islam 5662:Stone, Dan (3 October 2014). 5420:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5278:Literary History Of The Arabs 5050: 4880:. The railway consists of 35 4649: 4368:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْكَامِل ٱلْعَام 4304:Al Noor Specialist Hospital ( 4209:corrugated iron manufacturing 3291: 2518:Medieval and pre-modern times 1862:Codex Is. 1615 I, folio 47v, 1800:(great). The Roman historian 1792:followed by the aggrandizing 1747:, had as many as 100 slaves. 1673: 1342:) for all Muslims worldwide. 1334:and the direction of prayer ( 434:2,427,924 (Mecca Governorate) 316: 217: 14276:Apostasy in Islam by country 14153:Liberalism and progressivism 12680: 11916:(The Afternoon or the Night) 11814:12 months: Four holy months 11366:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 10959:(s) or People of the Injil) 10297:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 9826:names and titles of Muhammad 9544: 9071:found in the Quran, such as 8841:Urban Form in the Arab World 8795: 7884:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7608:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7574:. Granta Books. p. 10. 7221: 6966: 6907: 6798:Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava (1992). 6599:Bowersock, Glen. W. (2017). 6190:Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). 6031:Capital cities of Arab Islam 5807:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). 5780:Peterson, Daniel C. (2007). 5406:"Wahhābī (Islamic movement)" 5027:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 4998:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 4996:'Makkah the Noble', 4847: 4340:King Abdullah Medical City ( 4152:(sunshine hours, 1986–2000) 3279: 3231: 2462:, to Yathrib (later renamed 2368:Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 1512:Makkah, Makkah al-Mukarramah 1434: 1408:in Arabic) appointed by the 1395:). Non-Muslims are strictly 117:(Great Mosque of Mecca) and 7: 16204:Water supply and sanitation 16033:History of the oil industry 15900:Mutaween (religious police) 15272:Ash Shuhada' ash Shamaliyah 11685:(Flood of the Great Dam of 10006:Adam's immediate relatives 8276:. Bloomsbury. p. 257. 8001:"Climate Analogue Examples" 7936:"Makka – The Modern City", 6984:Hajjah Adil, Amina (2002). 6339:Al-Ateeqi, Binimad (2020). 6028:Philip Khûri Hitti (1973). 6000:. Greenwood Press. p. 5869:Phipps, William E. (1999). 5566:Peters, Francis E. (1994). 5021: 4985: 4888: 4874:King Abdullah Economic City 4858:Haramain high-speed railway 4479:is the only province where 4364:Al Kamel General Hospital ( 4356:مُسْتَشْفَى خُلَيْص ٱلْعَام 4201:Hilton Hotels & Resorts 3947:Average precipitation days 3733:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3593:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3391: 3356: 3242:International Space Station 2928:Incidents during pilgrimage 2836:King Abdullah Economic City 2832:Haramain high-speed railway 1661: 1635: 1627: 1619: 1604: 1556: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1511: 1502: 1496: 1474: 1458: 1445: 1414: 1404: 1367:third-largest by floor area 1336: 1314: 1304: 1292: 1262: 1247: 703:("Stories of the Prophets") 445: 423:2,000/km (5,100/sq mi) 85: 10: 16458: 14203: 11892:('Remembrance', including 11538:(literally 'The Barrier') 10566:('Companions of the Wood') 10455:Companions of the Elephant 10404:People of the Burnt Garden 10379: 9768:('Companion of the Whale') 9364:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 8823: 8802:Cambridge University Press 8474:"Demographics Survey 2016" 8435:Sikh History in 10 volumes 7734:The Hajj: collected essays 7288:The Travels of Ibn Battuta 7153:"The Year of the Elephant" 7064:"The Year of the Elephant" 6562:In the Shadow of the Sword 6163:Firestone, Reuven (1990). 6146:Sayyid Aḥmad Khān (1870). 5193:"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage" 5089:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 5002:[makːaalmʊkarːama] 4551: 4490: 4396: 4352:Khulais General Hospital ( 4234:district of Makkah by the 4159: 4147: 4138: 3473: 3440: 3436: 3121: 3065: 3033: 2931: 2903:is visible in the skyline. 2884: 2852: 2344: 1776:and the Roman province of 1668: 1464: 1256:, observed in the twelfth 59:Mother of all Settlements 18: 16348: 16306: 16212: 16113: 16104: 15998: 15989: 15922: 15843: 15825:National Security Council 15785: 15781: 15772: 15715: 15706: 15695: 15634: 14767: 14755: 14700: 14604: 14548: 14492: 14485:Main Saudi Arabian cities 14414: 14299: 14266: 14216: 14212: 14198: 14125: 14092: 14064:Geography and cartography 14039: 13986: 13982: 13966: 13792: 13714: 13661: 13610: 13606: 13582: 13452: 13334: 13294: 13177: 13129: 13053: 13049: 13038: 12939: 12910: 12884: 12868: 12852: 12751: 12740: 12699:Muhammad and Muslim state 12679: 12621: 12580: 12508: 12431: 12392: 12341: 12307: 12271: 12244: 12166: 12159:('Mother of the Book(s)') 12074: 12068: 12063: 12029: 11863: 11834: 11803: 11785:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 11763: 11711: 11707: 11660: 11649: 11510: 11399: 11346: 11286: 11131: 11079:, literally 'The Garden') 11049: 11038: 10968:Qissis (Christian priest) 10884: 10820: 10747: 10671: 10502: 10389: 10385: 10374: 10306: 10242: 10173: 10112: 9999: 9995: 9984: 9943: 9894: 9797: 9556: 9552: 9539: 9502: 9459: 9414: 9266: 9197: 9095: 9088: 9084: 9050: 9039: 9026: 9018:People and things in the 8949: 8781:. Time-Life Books. 1999. 8503:– Stadium King Abdul Aziz 8007:. Oregon State University 7544:. BBC. 17 December 2007. 7518:. BBC. 27 December 2006. 7038:Müller, Walter W. (1987) 6846:10.1017/S0041977X00110523 6768:Crown, Alan David (2001) 6748:. Islamic Texts Society. 6628:10.1017/S0041977X0700002X 6470:Bowersock, G. W. (2017). 5519:24 September 2014 at the 5324:Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). 5280:. Routledge. p. 62. 4831:, is a planned four-line 4527: 4379: 4378: 4367: 4366: 4355: 4354: 4343: 4342: 4331: 4330: 4319: 4318: 4307: 4306: 4296: 4290:King Abdulaziz Hospital ( 4281: 4280: 4269: 4268: 4091: 4044: 3993: 3946: 3872: 3802: 3732: 3662: 3592: 3522: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3328:, the wife of the caliph 2934:Incidents during the Hajj 2849:1979 Grand Mosque seizure 2075:. Mecca's most important 2040: 2039: 1964:(Hagar) in the valley at 1639:, is synonymous with the 1611: 1610: 1456: 1429:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 1373:has also carried out the 491: 481: 464: 453: 452: 438: 427: 419: 411: 403: 398: 390: 382: 374: 369: 364:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 359: 349: 344: 325: 312: 300: 288: 270: 235: 204: 190: 101: 83: 76: 38: 33: 16070:Tadawul (stock exchange) 16065:Supreme Economic Council 16013:Capital Market Authority 15967:General Staff Presidency 15820:Mabahith (secret police) 15152:Ar Rawdah ash Shamaliyah 14373:Islamic view of miracles 11015:Mesopotamian polytheists 10963:Ruhban (Christian monks) 10837:(People of the Verandah) 10714:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 10517:(literally 'The Romans') 10437:Companions of Noah's Ark 10354:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 10283:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 10203:Magicians of the Pharaoh 10105:(Muhammad's adopted son) 9397:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 9181:(fish or whale) of Jonah 8973:Holy Makkah Municipality 8796:Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). 8481:Demographics Survey 2016 8272:Ziauddin Sardar (2014). 8196:22 December 2015 at the 7880:11 November 2010 at the 7049:, in Werner Daum (ed.), 6657:Hoyland, Robert (1997). 6404:Crone, Patricia (1987). 5967:(illustrated ed.). 5877:(Illustrated ed.). 5813:(Illustrated ed.). 5783:Muhammad, prophet of God 5330:. Garant. pp. 61–. 4957: 4839:which carries pilgrims. 4829:Makkah Mass Rail Transit 4735: 4689: 4499:Al-Haram Mosque and the 4426:and backgrounds, mainly 3412:Suleiman the Magnificent 3248:Mecca is located in the 3029: 2959:Mecca will experience a 2955:2027 total solar eclipse 1197:, commonly shortened to 792:Medieval Islamic science 394:277 m (909 ft) 307:Holy Capital Governorate 37: 15952:Strategic Missile Force 15167:Ar Ru'ays, Saudi Arabia 15157:Ar Rayyan, Saudi Arabia 14138:Creationism (evolution) 12498:Forbidden fruit of Adam 11968:('Decline of the Sun') 11856:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 11586:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 11011:at the time of Muhammad 10985:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 10442:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 10338:the companion of Joshua 9172:(female ant) of Solomon 8933:Encyclopædia Britannica 8777: 8559:4 February 2015 at the 8494:Asian Football Stadiums 8257:Encyclopædia Britannica 8214:9 February 2015 at the 7463:19 January 2011 at the 7313:Encyclopædia Britannica 7204: 7157:WikiJournal of Medicine 7045:10 October 2014 at the 7022:13 January 2016 at the 6949: 6920:Bauer, S. Wise (2010). 6874: 6564:; Little, Brown; p. 303 6429:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 6307:10.1515/islam-2022-0002 6083:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 5992:Long, David E. (2005). 5610:Oxford University Press 5411:Encyclopædia Britannica 4842: 4548:Architectural landmarks 4540:(established in 1945). 3431:desalination facilities 3240:Mecca as seen from the 3108:which was covered by a 2865:seized the Grand Mosque 2427:in the ruling tribe of 2046:, "Servant of Mecca"). 1355:Saudi conquest of Hejaz 1229:million, making it the 320: 18th century BCE 16407:Capitals of caliphates 14388:Persecution of Muslims 14286:List of former Muslims 13203:Succession to Muhammad 12860:Umm al-Qura University 12110:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 12102:(The Book of Muhammad) 11612:Cave of Seven Sleepers 11435:, literally 'Place of 11323:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 10699:Companions of the Rass 10600:Companions of Muhammad 10446:Companions of the Cave 9381:Angel of the Trumpet ( 8921:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8913:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8578:8 January 2015 at the 8514:"IDEA Center Projects" 8417:Inderjit Singh Jhajj. 8274:Mecca: The Sacred City 7938:Encyclopaedia of Islam 7669:Adil, Salahi. (2019). 7353:"Ludovico di Varthema" 7182:. Cadell. p. 488. 6897:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6706:Glassé, Cyril (1991). 6508:Shahid, Irfan (1995). 6444:: 1–60. Archived from 6255:Peters, F. E. (1994). 5503:(24 June 2010), Cairo. 5442:early history of Islam 5248:Ogle, Vanessa (2015). 4827:, officially known as 4745: 4726:Ta'if Regional Airport 4711: 4542:King Abdulaziz Stadium 4503: 4460:Richard Francis Burton 4278:King Faisal Hospital ( 4257:Umm Al-Qura University 4204: 4191:Saudi Arabia's economy 4169: 4150:Deutscher Wetterdienst 3459:), in three different 3427:water treatment plants 3313: 3309:The mouthpiece of the 3245: 3208: 3100: 2987: 2904: 2793:Ta'if Regional Airport 2736:and on Baghdad in the 2712: 2682:Richard Francis Burton 2645: 2609:hit Mecca in 1349 CE. 2567:Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr 2565:, when it was held by 2416: 2002:, a commentary on the 802:Succession to Muhammad 21:Mecca (disambiguation) 15800:Consultative Assembly 15542:Shara'i` al Mujahidin 15252:Ash Shara'i` al `Ulya 15192:As Safa, Saudi Arabia 14182:Conversion to mosques 14049:Alchemy and chemistry 12351:(literally 'lamps'): 12264:statue) of Israelites 12197:(Casket of Shekhinah) 11699:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 11546:(Black Stone) & 11326:('The Blessed Place') 10794:Daughters of Muhammad 10784:Household of Muhammad 10760:Household of Abraham 10608:(literally 'Helpers') 10063:Disciples (including 9723:the son of Zechariah) 9312:(Honourable Scribes) 9300:Bearers of the Throne 8879:. Santa Barbara, CA: 8304:. 14 September 2016. 7800:"الحصر الفعلي للحجاج" 7286:Battuta, Ibn (2009). 7170:10.15347/wjm/2015.003 6774:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 27 6560:Holland, Tom (2012). 6472:The crucible of Islam 6227:10.1038/news.2010.354 5913:; Giarardot, Norman; 4743: 4560:Abraj al-Bait Complex 4554:Sacred sites in Mecca 4498: 4199: 4167: 3461:plant hardiness zones 3308: 3239: 3203: 3092: 2974: 2967:Significance in Islam 2894: 2710: 2640: 2549:moved the capital to 2530:(r. 634–644 CE) and ' 2473:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 2439:from God through the 2390:21.42500°N 39.83000°E 2366: 2073:Arabia's pagan tribes 2061:University of Baghdad 2021:Thamudic inscriptions 1761:Bibliotheca historica 1653:Tihamah coastal plain 1310:Great Mosque of Mecca 1241:and around 55.5% are 255:21.42250°N 39.82333°E 15477:Masihat Mahd al Hayl 15222:As Sur, Saudi Arabia 13908:Ma malakat aymanukum 13483:Association football 12795:Abraj Al Bait Towers 12131:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 12009:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 11726:('the Confederates') 11714:military expeditions 11489:The Prophet's Mosque 11447:('The Sacred Grove') 11243:(Station of Abraham) 11058:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 10734:('Companions of the 10533:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 10525:(Children of Israel) 10220:Moses' sister-in-law 10199:, who adopted Moses) 10142:, Qatafir or Qittin) 10121:Brothers (including 9867:He who spoke to God) 9190:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 9162:sleepers of the cave 9130:) of the Abyssinians 8499:29 June 2009 at the 7954:water-technology.net 7895:"Mecca Municipality" 7600:3 March 2016 at the 7430:"The Siege of Mecca" 7379:27 June 2009 at the 7333:21 July 2011 at the 6537:. pp. I.xix.14. 6431:"Mecca and Macoraba" 6288:M. Robinson (2022). 6085:"Mecca and Macoraba" 4986:Makkah al-Mukarramah 4975:مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة 4593:Press and newspapers 4462:, who traveled as a 4448:Ludovico di Varthema 4270:مُسْتَشْفَى أَجْيَاد 3523:Record high °C (°F) 2895:Mecca, as seen from 2855:Grand Mosque seizure 2775:1924 Battle of Mecca 2750:1916 Battle of Mecca 2690:Ludovico di Varthema 2627:Salaheddin al-Ayyubi 2600:Abū-Tāhir Al-Jannābī 2545:as his capital. The 2468:Battle of the Trench 2448:Abrahamic monotheism 2198:Year of the Elephant 1802:Ammianus Marcellinus 1772:, within the former 1730:, emigrants to both 1728:military expeditions 1536:Makkah al-Mukarramah 1332:Islam's holiest site 1201:) is the capital of 1195:Makkah al-Mukarramah 841:Association football 420: • Density 86:Makkah al-Mukarramah 19:For other uses, see 16427:Islamic holy places 16060:Saudi Central Bank 15868:Freedom of religion 15649:Early Islamic State 15217:As Sudayrah, Makkah 15197:As Samd ash Shamali 11750:Expedition of Tabuk 11694:Farewell Pilgrimage 11444:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11363:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 11182:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11157:Iram of the Pillars 10460:People of al-Ukhdūd 10412:(Companions of the 9871:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 9138:Domesticated donkey 9108:(cow) of Israelites 8759:. 9 February 2009. 8647:on 28 February 2010 8623:on 3 December 2010. 8597:Construction Weekly 8520:on 8 February 2015. 8420:Guru Nanak At Mecca 8388:"The Lure Of Mecca" 8259:: Fifteenth edition 7853:on 15 February 2008 7780:on 9 September 2020 7713:on 9 September 2020 7649:www.timeanddate.com 7374:Cholera (pathology) 7122:on 20 December 2010 6451:on 17 November 2018 5669:National Geographic 5643:on 4 September 2015 5105:"Mecca Governorate" 4903:Saudi Arabia portal 4376:Ibn Sina Hospital ( 3803:Record low °C (°F) 3663:Daily mean °C (°F) 2961:total solar eclipse 2579:attacked and sacked 2385: / 1984:Valley of the Bakha 1745:Abdullah ibn Jud’an 1270:most visited cities 602:Profession of Faith 575:Day of Resurrection 415:3rd in Saudi Arabia 251: / 16075:Telecommunications 15858:Capital punishment 15790:Allegiance Council 15669:Emirate of Diriyah 15654:Rashidun Caliphate 15644:Pre-Islamic Arabia 15417:Hayy al Hamdaniyah 15142:Ar Rabwah as Sufla 15137:Ar Rabwah al `Ulya 14493:1,000,000 and more 14393:Quran and miracles 14307:Criticism of Islam 14021:Geometric patterns 13873:Gender segregation 13444:Non-denominational 12761:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 12704:Rashidun Caliphate 12205:Trumpet of Israfil 11951:('The Late-Night') 11818:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 11564:(Cave of the Bull) 11549:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 11461:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 11153:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 11138:(excluding Madyan) 11061:('The Holy Land') 11009:Meccan polytheists 10947:People of the Book 10805:Household of Salih 10780:Household of Moses 10728:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 10429:Disciples of Jesus 10401:People of Paradise 10193:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 10082:People of Solomon 10042:People of Abraham 10022:Believer of Ya-Sin 9990:People of Prophets 9688:(Jethro, Reuel or 9495:('Rebellious one') 9219:Beast of the Earth 8956:Mecca Saudi Arabia 8888:Rosenthal, Franz; 8678:. 17 August 2012. 8539:. 28 August 2014. 8398:on 13 January 2010 8392:Saudi Aramco World 8231:. Anisamehdi.com. 7606:Express & Star 7595:Express & Star 7572:Islam in the World 7436:on 18 October 2014 7237:. Infoplease.com. 7178:Willan R. (1821). 6716:HarperSanFrancisco 6101:10.17613/zcdp-c225 5698:. 29 January 2022. 5545:The Times of India 5529:(20 January 2005). 5526:The New York Times 5304:Khan, A M (2003). 5229:. 13 December 2023 5199:. 3 January 2021. 4947:Sharifate of Mecca 4746: 4504: 4320:مُسْتَشْفَى حِرَاء 4205: 4170: 3449:hot desert climate 3425:In the modern day 3314: 3246: 3209: 3157:al-Masjid al-Haram 3101: 2988: 2905: 2861:Juhayman al-Otaibi 2734:Gallipoli campaign 2713: 2678:Second Saudi State 2670:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2646: 2633:Under the Ottomans 2417: 2395:21.42500; 39.83000 2144:Roman–Persian Wars 1209:region of western 350: • Mayor 260:21.42250; 39.82333 16384: 16383: 16344: 16343: 16172:Human trafficking 16100: 16099: 15985: 15984: 15918: 15917: 15810:Foreign relations 15768: 15767: 15664:Abbasid Caliphate 15659:Umayyad Caliphate 15590: 15589: 15422:Hayy as Salihiyah 15332:Bahrat al Qadimah 15207:As Sayl as Saghir 14812:Ad Dawh as Saghir 14710: 14709: 14444: 14443: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14378:Domestic violence 14368:Islamic terrorism 14363:Islamic extremism 14194: 14193: 14190: 14189: 13962: 13961: 13958: 13957: 13748:Marriage contract 13578: 13577: 13538:Political aspects 13325:Story of Prophets 13094:Prophets of Islam 12997: 12996: 12839:Jannat al-Mu'alla 12729:First Saudi State 12631: 12630: 12617: 12616: 12590:(Water or fluid) 12576: 12575: 12563:Sidrat al-Muntahā 12407:(Garlic or wheat) 12337: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12059: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12001:('The Afternoon') 11992:('The Afternoon') 11922:('The Mornings') 11755:Conquest of Mecca 11740:Battle of Khaybar 11676:Event of Mubahala 11672:(Night of Decree) 11645: 11644: 11600:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 11543:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 11506: 11505: 11498:Salat (Synagogue) 11451:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 11302:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 11135:Arabian Peninsula 11110:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 11034: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11025: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10764:Brothers of Yūsuf 10635:Children of Ayyub 10628:Wife of Abu Lahab 10586:People of Fir'aun 10577:(People of Jonah) 10551:People of Shuaib 10537:People of Ibrahim 10470:People of Yathrib 10370: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10345:Nebuchadnezzar II 10238: 10237: 9980: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9939: 9938: 9808:and Strong Will') 9535: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9410: 9409: 9350:(Gabriel, chief) 9262: 9261: 8903:978-0-691-09797-8 8868:Koninklijke Brill 8854:978-3-7281-1972-8 8811:978-0-521-22552-6 8788:978-0-7835-5465-5 8702:. 23 April 2009. 8366:978-0-8248-1957-6 8283:978-1-62040-268-9 7743:978-0-86159-193-0 7680:978-0-86037-767-2 7581:978-1-86207-906-9 7070:. 18 October 2012 6933:978-0-393-05975-5 6840:(1): 44–54 (44). 6755:978-0-946621-33-0 6585:978-969-408-136-6 6547:Crone, Patricia; 6519:978-0-88402-284-8 6481:978-0-674-05776-0 6438:Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā 6415:978-1-59333-102-3 6266:978-1-4008-8736-1 6176:978-0-7914-0331-0 6089:Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā 6060:perseus.tufts.edu 6041:978-0-8166-0663-4 6011:978-0-313-32021-7 5978:978-1-74059-667-1 5940:978-0-87779-044-0 5919:Pelikan, Jaroslav 5892:978-0-8264-1207-2 5855:978-0-7591-0190-6 5824:978-0-306-46158-3 5793:978-0-8028-0754-0 5751:978-90-04-14476-7 5619:978-0-19-979413-3 5600:Esposito, John L. 5585:978-0-691-02619-0 5552:on 11 April 2013. 5512:Fattah, Hassan M. 5337:978-90-441-1774-5 5317:978-81-87746-47-8 5287:978-1-136-17016-4 5259:978-0-674-28614-6 5153:978-0-87779-546-9 4995: 4983: 4952:Masar Destination 4508:cultural heritage 4316:Hira'a Hospital ( 4213:copper extraction 4175:Arabian Peninsula 4156: 4155: 3996:relative humidity 3447:Mecca features a 3401: 3389: 3366: 3354: 2947:in a stampede at 2901:Mecca Clock Tower 2818:in the north and 2654:First Saudi State 2555:Abbasid Caliphate 2553:in Syria and the 2547:Umayyad Caliphate 2355:Muhammad in Mecca 2351:Conquest of Mecca 2281:Himyarite Kingdom 2267:marched upon the 2200:" is the name in 2092:Conquest of Mecca 2067:Under the Quraish 1884:Islamic narrative 1864:radiocarbon dated 1774:Nabataean Kingdom 1698:Old World monkeys 1643:mentioned in the 1592:Old South Arabian 1553: 1385:at Mecca and the 1318:, is home to the 1243:Muslim foreigners 1162: 1161: 507: 506: 412: • Rank 404: • City 383: • Land 375: • City 47:The Holy Capital 16449: 16364: 16357: 16197:response to ISIL 16111: 16110: 16055:Riyal (currency) 15996: 15995: 15783: 15782: 15779: 15778: 15725:Cities and towns 15713: 15712: 15701: 15679:Kingdom of Hejaz 15617: 15610: 15603: 15594: 15593: 15202:As Sayl al Kabir 14972:Al Madiq, Makkah 14932:Al Khadra, Mecca 14807:Ad Dawh al Kabir 14747: 14737: 14730: 14723: 14714: 14713: 14483: 14482: 14471: 14464: 14457: 14448: 14447: 14434: 14433: 14426:Islam portal 14424: 14423: 14422: 14214: 14213: 14206: 14200: 14199: 14041:Medieval science 13984: 13983: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13625:Economic history 13608: 13607: 13584: 13583: 13570:Islam by country 13403:Bektashi Alevism 13051: 13050: 13042:Outline of Islam 13024: 13017: 13010: 13001: 13000: 12987: 12977: 12976: 12967: 12957: 12956: 12947: 12946: 12746: 12719:Mamluk Sultanate 12670: 12669: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12635: 12634: 12517:Plants of Sheba 12429: 12428: 12272:Of Noah's people 12242: 12241: 12210: 12209: 12201:Throne of Bilqis 12194:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 12135:Tablets of Stone 12065: 12064: 12048:First Pilgrimage 11864:Times for prayer 11807:Islamic calendar 11735:Battle of Hunayn 11709: 11708: 11651: 11650: 11590:Bayt al-Muqaddas 11129: 11128: 11040: 11039: 10799:Muhammad's wives 10774:Progeny of Imran 10656:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 10558:People of Madyan 10500: 10499: 10489: 10488: 10387: 10386: 10376: 10375: 10110: 10109: 10076:Zechariah's wife 10060:People of Jesus 10049:Ishmael's mother 9997: 9996: 9986: 9985: 9795: 9794: 9736:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 9721:John the Baptist 9554: 9553: 9541: 9540: 9334: 9333: 9328:Munkar and Nakir 9093: 9092: 9086: 9085: 9041: 9040: 9028: 9027: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8907: 8884: 8871: 8858: 8815: 8792: 8765: 8764: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8731:on 14 April 2019 8717: 8708: 8707: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8607: 8601: 8600: 8589: 8583: 8570: 8564: 8551: 8545: 8544: 8529: 8523: 8521: 8510: 8504: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8478: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8444: 8438: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8394:. Archived from 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8334:on 26 April 2006 8324: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8251: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8225: 8219: 8206: 8200: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8079: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7996: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7891: 7885: 7872: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7849:. Archived from 7843: 7834: 7833: 7826:"What is Umrah?" 7822: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7811: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7776:. Archived from 7762: 7756: 7755: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7709:. Archived from 7699: 7693: 7692: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7615: 7609: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7512: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7455: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7426: 7420: 7410: 7404: 7390: 7384: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7363:on 17 June 2012. 7359:. Archived from 7348: 7342: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7309: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7283: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7210: 7202: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7176:In turn citing: 7174: 7172: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7129: 7127: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7086: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7060: 7054: 7036: 7030: 7014: 7008: 7007: 6991: 6988:Prophet Muhammad 6981: 6970: 6964: 6955: 6947: 6938: 6937: 6917: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6880: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6805: 6796: 6790: 6781: 6775: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6571: 6565: 6558: 6552: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6505: 6499: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6435: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6377: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6319: 6309: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6252: 6239: 6238: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6187: 6181: 6180: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6143: 6134: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6080: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6025: 6016: 6015: 5999: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5958: 5945: 5944: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5876: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5672:. Archived from 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5573: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5536: 5530: 5510: 5504: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5472: 5463: 5462: 5460:have been razed. 5454:Preservationists 5433: 5431: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5321: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5245: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5088: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5061: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5033: 5031:[ˈmakːa] 5028: 5024: 5019: 5011: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4990: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4919: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4599:Osman Nuri Pasha 4384: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4266:Ajyad Hospital ( 4179:Great Depression 4001: 3950: 3471: 3470: 3443:Climate of Mecca 3396: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3361: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3301:Sources of water 3155:Panorama of the 3148: 3106:Maqsurat Ibrahim 2754:Kingdom of Hejaz 2532:Uthman ibn Affan 2409: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2234:Byzantine Empire 2224:in honor of the 2108:Byzantine Empire 2058: 2057: 2045: 2044: 2042: 1934:Biblical figures 1914: 1896: 1756:Diodorus Siculus 1682:with respect to 1664: 1638: 1632: 1624: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1607: 1584:Claudius Ptolemy 1567:(48), verse 24. 1559: 1548: 1546: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1514: 1505: 1499: 1477: 1461: 1448: 1419: 1410:Saudi government 1407: 1387:Prophet's Mosque 1371:Saudi government 1341: 1317: 1307: 1297: 1267: 1252: 1228: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1154: 1147: 1140: 1126:Islam portal 1124: 1123: 1122: 532: 509: 508: 503: 500: 498: 460: 458: 457: 455: 448: 321: 318: 281: 279: 278: 266: 265: 263: 262: 261: 256: 252: 249: 248: 247: 244: 220: 219: 213: 195: 175: 161: 145: 135:The Clock Towers 131: 111: 97: 95: 94: 88: 68: 66: 65: 56: 54: 53: 40: 31: 30: 16457: 16456: 16452: 16451: 16450: 16448: 16447: 16446: 16387: 16386: 16385: 16380: 16367: 16360: 16353: 16340: 16302: 16264:Public holidays 16208: 16096: 16040:Foreign workers 15981: 15914: 15839: 15830:Nuclear program 15764: 15702: 15693: 15674:Emirate of Nejd 15630: 15621: 15591: 15586: 15517:Nuzlat al Faqin 15392:Haddat ash Sham 14902:Al Hazm, Makkah 14763: 14751: 14741: 14711: 14706: 14696: 14600: 14549:300,000-999,999 14544: 14488: 14477: 14475: 14445: 14440: 14420: 14418: 14402: 14324:Cultural Muslim 14295: 14262: 14218:Other religions 14208: 14204: 14186: 14121: 14088: 14035: 13978: 13976:Islamic studies 13972: 13954: 13788: 13733: 13710: 13657: 13602: 13601: 13574: 13523:Moral teachings 13466: 13448: 13422:Nation of Islam 13383:Twelver Shi'ism 13330: 13296:Religious texts 13290: 13208:Early conquests 13191: 13173: 13125: 13045: 13034: 13028: 12998: 12993: 12935: 12906: 12880: 12864: 12848: 12783:Safa and Marwah 12753: 12747: 12738: 12675: 12671:Articles about 12664: 12662: 12632: 12627: 12613: 12572: 12510: 12504: 12427: 12388: 12343: 12329: 12303: 12267: 12240: 12214: 12213:Mentioned idols 12208: 12170: 12168: 12162: 12107:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 12070: 12051: 12042:Laylat al-Mabit 12025: 11977:('The Evening') 11966:Dulūk ash-Shams 11934:('The Morning') 11928:('The Morning') 11865: 11859: 11830: 11805: 11799: 11788:Days of battles 11759: 11713: 11703: 11664:Incident of Ifk 11656: 11641: 11632:Palestine River 11502: 11471:Masjid al-Dirar 11401: 11395: 11342: 11290: 11282: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11064:'Blessed' Land' 11045: 11022: 10886: 10880: 10861:Umayyad Dynasty 10822: 10808: 10769:Lot's daughters 10753: 10752:('People of the 10751: 10743: 10695:(people of Hud) 10681: 10667: 10659:(Gog and Magog) 10542:People of Ilyas 10495: 10493: 10487: 10420:Jesus' apostles 10397:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 10381: 10362: 10308: 10302: 10266:of Moses' time) 10234: 10210:Wise, pious man 10197:Wife of Pharaoh 10189:Imraʾat Firʿawn 10176:Aaron and Moses 10175: 10169: 10125:(Benjamin) and 10114: 10108: 10026:Family of Noah 9991: 9972: 9935: 9890: 9861:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 9807: 9805: 9803: 9793: 9719:ibn Zakariyyā ( 9548: 9527: 9498: 9455: 9406: 9368:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 9358:('The Spirit') 9332: 9310:Kirāman Kātibīn 9305:Harut and Marut 9282:Angels of Hell 9258: 9193: 9080: 9046: 9035: 9022: 9016: 8969: 8952: 8939: 8937: 8926: 8904: 8855: 8833:Bianca, Stefano 8828: 8822: 8820:Further reading 8812: 8789: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8734: 8732: 8719: 8718: 8711: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8668: 8667: 8660: 8650: 8648: 8633: 8632: 8628: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8580:Wayback Machine 8571: 8567: 8561:Wayback Machine 8552: 8548: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8512: 8511: 8507: 8501:Wayback Machine 8492: 8488: 8476: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8450:. Fordham.edu. 8446: 8445: 8441: 8432: 8428: 8415: 8411: 8401: 8399: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8326: 8325: 8321: 8311: 8309: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8284: 8270: 8266: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8238: 8236: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8216:Wayback Machine 8207: 8203: 8198:Wayback Machine 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8135: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8109: 8107: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8077: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8058: 8056: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8032: 8030: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7997: 7993: 7983: 7981: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7948: 7947: 7943: 7935: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7882:Wayback Machine 7873: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7845: 7844: 7837: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7809: 7807: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7768:Bab Bani Shaiba 7764: 7763: 7759: 7744: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7681: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7643: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7626: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7602:Wayback Machine 7593: 7589: 7582: 7568:Ruthven, Malise 7565: 7561: 7551: 7549: 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6502: 6493: 6489: 6482: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6433: 6427: 6423: 6416: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6351: 6337: 6333: 6286: 6282: 6267: 6253: 6242: 6213: 6209: 6188: 6184: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6144: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6120: 6116: 6081: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6042: 6026: 6019: 6012: 5990: 5986: 5979: 5959: 5948: 5941: 5933:. p. 703. 5931:Merriam-Webster 5911:Reynolds, Frank 5907:Carrasco, David 5904: 5900: 5893: 5867: 5863: 5856: 5848:. p. 302. 5846:Rowman Altamira 5836: 5832: 5825: 5817:. p. 342. 5805: 5801: 5794: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5736: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5676:on 17 July 2015 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5564: 5557: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5521:Wayback Machine 5511: 5507: 5498: 5494: 5482:The Independent 5473: 5466: 5429: 5427: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5385:Dr. Ehsan Bayat 5377: 5373: 5366: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5318: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5176: 5174: 5172:City Population 5166: 5165: 5161: 5154: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5109:City Population 5103: 5102: 5098: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5026: 5012: 5008: 4997: 4969: 4965: 4960: 4942:Masjid al-Haram 4915: 4910: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4882:electric trains 4850: 4845: 4786: 4738: 4714: 4709: 4692: 4676:Saudi TV Sports 4660:Hussein bin Ali 4652: 4595: 4590: 4584:, or bookrest. 4556: 4550: 4530: 4493: 4401: 4395: 4253:second language 4244: 4242:Human resources 4162: 4157: 4000:(daily average) 3999: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3445: 3439: 3402:'Spring of 3367:'Spring of 3330:Harun ar-Rashid 3303: 3294: 3282: 3234: 3218: 3198: 3178:Masjid al-Haram 3167: 3165:Hajj and 'Umrah 3162: 3161: 3160: 3154: 3149: 3126: 3120: 3087: 3070: 3064: 3038: 3032: 3008:Masjid al-Haram 3004: 3002:Masjid al-Haram 2969: 2936: 2889: 2869:Masjid al-Haram 2857: 2828:First World War 2760:with returning 2746:Hussain bin Ali 2705: 2615: 2520: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2361: 2345:Main articles: 2343: 2132:Sassanid Empire 2069: 2000:Sharḥ al-Asāṭīr 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1923:Al-Haram Mosque 1921:Turkish map of 1915: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1897: 1845:Ma'ad ibn Adnan 1710: 1676: 1671: 1657:Yaqut al-Hamawi 1641:Desert of Paran 1600: 1520: 1469: 1463: 1437: 1383:Masjid al-Haram 1315:Masjid al-Haram 1312:, known as the 1281:Islamic prophet 1226: 1172: 1168: 1158: 1120: 1118: 1111: 1110: 1055:Other religions 1050:Arabic language 1012: 1002: 1001: 930:Moral teachings 821: 807: 806: 797:Spread of Islam 742: 732: 731: 719:(jurisprudence) 701:Qisas al-Anbiya 650: 649: 629: 628: 597: 587: 586: 542: 495: 449: 319: 276: 274: 259: 257: 253: 250: 245: 242: 240: 238: 237: 231: 230: 229: 228: 227: 226: 225: 221: 200: 198: 186: 185: 184: 183: 182: 176: 168: 167: 162: 153: 152: 151: 146: 138: 137: 132: 123: 122: 121: 115:Masjid al-Haram 112: 89: 79: 72: 71: 60: 52:العاصمة المقدسة 48: 42: 36: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16455: 16445: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16382: 16381: 16379: 16378: 16373: 16366: 16365: 16358: 16350: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16342: 16341: 16339: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16312: 16310: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16289: 16288: 16278: 16277: 16276: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16255: 16254: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16218: 16216: 16210: 16209: 16207: 16206: 16201: 16200: 16199: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16163: 16162: 16157: 16147: 16145:Discrimination 16142: 16141: 16140: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16114: 16108: 16102: 16101: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16093: 16092: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 15999: 15993: 15987: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15979: 15977:Military ranks 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15957:National Guard 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15928: 15926: 15920: 15919: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15891: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15849: 15847: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15835:Prime Minister 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15786: 15776: 15770: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15763: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15716: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15696: 15694: 15692: 15691: 15689:Modern history 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15640: 15638: 15632: 15631: 15620: 15619: 15612: 15605: 15597: 15588: 15587: 15585: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15092:Al Qushashiyah 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14768: 14765: 14764: 14756: 14753: 14752: 14749:Mecca Province 14740: 14739: 14732: 14725: 14717: 14708: 14707: 14701: 14698: 14697: 14695: 14694: 14692:Yanbu' al Bahr 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14608: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14571:Hafar al-Batin 14568: 14563: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14520:Khamis Mushait 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14496: 14494: 14490: 14489: 14474: 14473: 14466: 14459: 14451: 14442: 14441: 14439: 14438: 14428: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14401: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14359: 14358: 14348: 14347: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14326: 14321: 14320: 14319: 14314: 14303: 14301: 14300:Related topics 14297: 14296: 14294: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14272: 14270: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14239: 14238: 14233: 14222: 14220: 14210: 14209: 14196: 14195: 14192: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14184: 14179: 14172: 14167: 14166: 14165: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14129: 14127: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14098: 14096: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14045: 14043: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13992: 13990: 13980: 13979: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13956: 13955: 13953: 13952: 13947: 13946: 13945: 13933: 13931:Sources of law 13928: 13923: 13922: 13921: 13911: 13904: 13899: 13892: 13887: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13838: 13831: 13830: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13809: 13804: 13796: 13794: 13790: 13789: 13787: 13786: 13779: 13772: 13765: 13758: 13751: 13744: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13715: 13712: 13711: 13709: 13708: 13701: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13675: 13667: 13665: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13655: 13648: 13641: 13634: 13627: 13622: 13616: 13614: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13594: 13588: 13580: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13555:Social welfare 13552: 13547: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13464: 13459: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13435: 13434: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13413: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13340: 13338: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13328: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13239: 13234: 13227: 13220: 13218:Historiography 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13194: 13192: 13190: 13189: 13184: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13171: 13164: 13157: 13150: 13143: 13135: 13133: 13127: 13126: 13124: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13090: 13089: 13079: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13059: 13057: 13047: 13046: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13027: 13026: 13019: 13012: 13004: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991: 12981: 12971: 12961: 12951: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12931: 12920: 12914: 12912: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12888: 12886: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12878: 12872: 12870: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12862: 12856: 12854: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12844:Bawabat Makkah 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12822:Jamarat Bridge 12814: 12809: 12808: 12807: 12797: 12792: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12779: 12778: 12768: 12757: 12755: 12749: 12748: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12724:Ottoman Empire 12721: 12716: 12714:Abbasid Empire 12711: 12709:Umayyad Empire 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12685: 12683: 12677: 12676: 12661: 12660: 12653: 12646: 12638: 12629: 12628: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12605: 12604: 12603: 12602:(River or sea) 12597: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12550: 12540: 12539: 12538: 12528: 12514: 12512: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12492: 12482: 12472: 12462: 12452: 12446: 12435: 12433: 12426: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12402: 12396: 12394: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12386: 12385: 12384: 12372: 12371: 12370: 12358: 12347: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12275: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12265: 12254: 12248: 12246: 12239: 12238: 12222: 12218: 12216: 12207: 12206: 12203: 12198: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12174: 12172: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12152: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12111: 12103: 12094: 12080: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12045: 12038: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12023: 12022: 12021: 12006: 12005: 12004: 12003: 12002: 11993: 11978: 11963: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11942:('The Night') 11937: 11936: 11935: 11929: 11917: 11898:('Praising'), 11869: 11867: 11866:or remembrance 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11821: 11811: 11809: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11789: 11786: 11777: 11767: 11765: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11745:Battle of Uhud 11742: 11737: 11732: 11730:Battle of Badr 11727: 11717: 11715: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11690: 11678: 11673: 11669:Laylat al-Qadr 11665: 11661: 11658: 11657: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11633: 11630: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11596: 11587: 11584: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11561:Ghār ath-Thawr 11557: 11552: 11527: 11526: 11525: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11494: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11486: 11473: 11468: 11458: 11448: 11426: 11421: 11414: 11405: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11384:('Township of 11379: 11369: 11368: 11367: 11353: 11351: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11340: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11312:Al-Wādil-Ayman 11306:Valley of Tuwa 11294: 11292: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11247:Safa and Marwa 11244: 11236: 11226: 11217: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11184: 11175: 11162: 11161: 11160: 11141: 11139: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11112: 11107: 11097: 11095:Door of Hittah 11092: 11080: 11067: 11066: 11065: 11053: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11012: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10940: 10939: 10938: 10930: 10918: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10898: 10895:Ahl al-Dhimmah 10890: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10878: 10872: 10863: 10858: 10856:Iranian people 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10832: 10826: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10757: 10755: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10723: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10701: 10696: 10689: 10687: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10631: 10630: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10616: 10615: 10609: 10596:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 10588: 10583: 10578: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10564:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 10561: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10526: 10518: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10486: 10485: 10484:Nation of Noah 10482: 10476: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10439: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10417: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10393: 10391: 10383: 10382: 10372: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10339: 10336:Caleb or Kaleb 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10312: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10278: 10272: 10267: 10257: 10246: 10244: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10186: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10149: 10143: 10130: 10118: 10116: 10107: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10093: 10091:Queen of Sheba 10088: 10080: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10058: 10057: 10056: 10054:Isaac's mother 10051: 10046: 10040: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10032: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10003: 10001: 9993: 9992: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9970: 9967:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 9964: 9954: 9947: 9945: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9919: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9896: 9895:Debatable ones 9892: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9878: 9877:Friend of God) 9868: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9850: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9822: 9811: 9809: 9804:('Those of the 9792: 9791: 9781: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9763: 9739: 9738: 9737: 9724: 9714: 9703: 9693: 9683: 9678: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9651: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9619: 9613: 9607: 9601: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9560: 9558: 9550: 9549: 9537: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9518: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9496: 9488: 9472: 9470: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9446: 9438: 9431: 9423: 9421: 9412: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9398: 9390: 9379: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9365: 9362:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 9344: 9342: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9288: 9279: 9277: 9264: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9244: 9232: 9222: 9212: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9182: 9173: 9164: 9154: 9141: 9131: 9118: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9090: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9037: 9036: 9024: 9023: 9015: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8968: 8967:External links 8965: 8964: 8963: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8924: 8917: 8908: 8902: 8885: 8872: 8859: 8853: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8810: 8793: 8787: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8742: 8709: 8685: 8658: 8626: 8602: 8599:. 30 May 2013. 8584: 8565: 8563:. saudinf.com. 8546: 8524: 8505: 8486: 8465: 8439: 8426: 8409: 8379: 8365: 8345: 8319: 8289: 8282: 8264: 8246: 8220: 8201: 8181: 8156: 8145:on 20 May 2007 8129: 8117: 8095: 8066: 8055:on 12 May 2012 8040: 8018: 7991: 7966: 7941: 7912: 7901:on 29 May 2007 7886: 7864: 7835: 7817: 7791: 7774:Madain Project 7757: 7742: 7724: 7707:Madain Project 7694: 7679: 7661: 7636: 7610: 7587: 7580: 7559: 7533: 7507: 7481: 7469: 7447: 7421: 7405: 7385: 7366: 7343: 7319: 7304:, ed. (1911). 7302:Chisholm, Hugh 7293: 7278: 7252: 7226: 7211: 7197: 7185: 7140: 7106: 7081: 7055: 7031: 7009: 7002: 6971: 6956: 6939: 6932: 6912: 6900: 6881: 6867: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6791: 6776: 6761: 6754: 6731: 6724: 6698: 6686: 6674: 6667: 6649: 6606: 6591: 6584: 6566: 6553: 6540: 6525: 6518: 6500: 6487: 6480: 6462: 6421: 6414: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6365: 6356: 6350:978-1710858853 6349: 6331: 6280: 6265: 6240: 6207: 6182: 6175: 6155: 6135: 6126: 6114: 6072: 6047: 6040: 6017: 6010: 5984: 5977: 5946: 5939: 5915:Neusner, Jacob 5898: 5891: 5861: 5854: 5830: 5823: 5799: 5792: 5772: 5757: 5750: 5727: 5701: 5687: 5654: 5628: 5618: 5612:. p. 25. 5591: 5584: 5555: 5531: 5505: 5492: 5464: 5397: 5371: 5364: 5343: 5336: 5316: 5296: 5286: 5268: 5258: 5240: 5214: 5184: 5159: 5152: 5133: 5121: 5096: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5036: 5006: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4937:Mecca Province 4934: 4926:Bayt al-Mawlid 4921: 4920: 4906: 4890: 4887: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4785: 4782: 4737: 4734: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4707:Transportation 4705: 4701:Day of 'Arafah 4691: 4688: 4651: 4648: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588:Communications 4586: 4549: 4546: 4529: 4526: 4492: 4489: 4477:Mecca Province 4394: 4391: 4387: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4288: 4276: 4243: 4240: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4145: 4144: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4094:sunshine hours 4089: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4047:sunshine hours 4042: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3469: 3441:Main article: 3438: 3435: 3318:water scarcity 3311:well of Zamzam 3302: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3281: 3278: 3233: 3230: 3217: 3214: 3197: 3194: 3166: 3163: 3151: 3150: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3124:Safa and Marwa 3122:Main article: 3119: 3118:Safa and Marwa 3116: 3086: 3083: 3066:Main article: 3063: 3060: 3034:Main article: 3031: 3028: 3003: 3000: 2968: 2965: 2932:Main article: 2918:Ajyad Fortress 2885:Main article: 2814:and onward to 2773:Following the 2704: 2703:Modern history 2701: 2662:(viceroy) and 2650:Ottoman Caliph 2614: 2611: 2524:Islamic states 2519: 2516: 2502:Attab ibn Asid 2413:Bayt al-Mawlid 2342: 2339: 2304:of the Quran, 2285:Abdul Muttalib 2068: 2065: 1916: 1909: 1908: 1907: 1898: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1866:to 591–643 CE. 1852:Patricia Crone 1819:Arabia Petraea 1811:Patricia Crone 1778:Arabia Petraea 1724:Battle of Badr 1709: 1706: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1599: 1596: 1519: 1508: 1465:Main article: 1462: 1455: 1436: 1433: 1379:Ajyad Fortress 1377:, such as the 1351:regime changes 1272:in the world. 1239:Saudi citizens 1203:Mecca Province 1160: 1159: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1142: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1013: 1010:Related topics 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 994: 992:Social welfare 989: 984: 983: 982: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 886: 885: 880: 870: 869: 868: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 822: 813: 812: 809: 808: 805: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 778: 777: 770: 763: 755: 754: 749: 743: 738: 737: 734: 733: 730: 729: 721: 712: 711: 705: 697: 689: 680: 679: 659: 651: 648: 647: 642: 636: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 621: 616: 610: 609: 604: 598: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 582:Predestination 578: 577: 572: 566: 565: 563:Revealed Books 560: 554: 553: 543: 538: 537: 534: 533: 525: 524: 518: 517: 505: 504: 493: 489: 488: 485: 479: 478: 468: 462: 461: 442: 436: 435: 432: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 413: 409: 408: 405: 401: 400: 396: 395: 392: 388: 387: 384: 380: 379: 376: 372: 371: 367: 366: 361: 357: 356: 354:Saleh Al-Turki 351: 347: 346: 342: 341: 336:(building The 327: 323: 322: 314: 310: 309: 304: 298: 297: 295:Mecca Province 292: 286: 285: 272: 268: 267: 233: 232: 223: 222: 215: 214: 208: 207: 206: 205: 202: 201: 199:Mecca province 196: 188: 187: 177: 170: 169: 163: 156: 155: 154: 147: 140: 139: 133: 126: 125: 124: 113: 106: 105: 104: 103: 102: 99: 98: 81: 80: 77: 74: 73: 70: 69: 57: 44: 43: 34: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16454: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16412:Closed cities 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16363: 16359: 16356: 16352: 16351: 16347: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16313: 16311: 16309: 16305: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16287: 16284: 16283: 16282: 16279: 16275: 16272: 16271: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16253: 16250: 16249: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16219: 16217: 16215: 16211: 16205: 16202: 16198: 16195: 16194: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16152: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16139: 16136: 16135: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16115: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16103: 16091: 16088: 16087: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16025: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15988: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15925: 15921: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15846: 15842: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15787: 15784: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15771: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15717: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15705: 15700: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15637: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15618: 15613: 15611: 15606: 15604: 15599: 15598: 15595: 15583: 15582:Wadi al Jalil 15580: 15578: 15575: 15573: 15570: 15568: 15565: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15428: 15425: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15282:Ash Shuwaybit 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15117:Al `Utaybiyah 15115: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15072:Al Qawba`iyah 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15047:Al Muraysiyah 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15022:Al Mudawwarah 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14769: 14766: 14762: 14759: 14754: 14750: 14746: 14738: 14733: 14731: 14726: 14724: 14719: 14718: 14715: 14705: 14699: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14609: 14607: 14603: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14547: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14491: 14487:by population 14486: 14481: 14472: 14467: 14465: 14460: 14458: 14453: 14452: 14449: 14437: 14429: 14427: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14357: 14354: 14353: 14352: 14349: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14339:Post-Islamism 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14305: 14304: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14265: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14237: 14236:Protestantism 14234: 14232: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14224: 14223: 14221: 14219: 14215: 14211: 14201: 14197: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14177: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14164: 14161: 14160: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14095: 14091: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14079:Ophthalmology 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14046: 14044: 14042: 14038: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13989: 13985: 13981: 13977: 13969: 13965: 13951: 13948: 13944: 13943: 13939: 13938: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13909: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13897: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13885: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13843: 13839: 13837: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13827:Death penalty 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13802: 13798: 13797: 13795: 13793:Other aspects 13791: 13785: 13784: 13780: 13778: 13777: 13773: 13771: 13770: 13766: 13764: 13763: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13752: 13750: 13749: 13745: 13743: 13742: 13738: 13737: 13735: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13716: 13713: 13707: 13706: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13694: 13690: 13688: 13687: 13683: 13681: 13680: 13676: 13674: 13673: 13669: 13668: 13666: 13664: 13660: 13654: 13653: 13649: 13647: 13646: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13635: 13633: 13632: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13609: 13605: 13598: 13597:Jurisprudence 13595: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13545: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13451: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13433: 13430: 13429: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13337: 13336:Denominations 13333: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13293: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13249: 13245: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13232: 13228: 13226: 13225: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13163: 13162: 13158: 13156: 13155: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13144: 13142: 13141: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13121:Holiest sites 13119: 13117: 13116:Judgement Day 13114: 13112: 13111: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13088: 13085: 13084: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13044: 13043: 13037: 13032: 13025: 13020: 13018: 13013: 13011: 13006: 13005: 13002: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12980: 12972: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12960: 12952: 12950: 12942: 12941: 12938: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12925: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12883: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12766:Maqām Ibrāhīm 12764: 12763: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12750: 12745: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12659: 12654: 12652: 12647: 12645: 12640: 12639: 12636: 12625: 12620: 12609: 12606: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12558: 12554: 12551: 12548: 12544: 12541: 12536: 12532: 12529: 12526: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12509:Bushes, trees 12507: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12486: 12483: 12480: 12476: 12473: 12470: 12466: 12463: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12450: 12447: 12444: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12421: 12418: 12415: 12412: 12409: 12406: 12403: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12391: 12382: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12368: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12356: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12346: 12340: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12263: 12259: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12245:Of Israelites 12243: 12236: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12223: 12220: 12219: 12217: 12215:(cult images) 12211: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12191: 12189: 12188:Staff of Musa 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12165: 12158: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12145: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12118: 12117: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12066: 12062: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12043: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12028: 12019: 12018: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11984: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11949: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11933: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11896: 11891: 11890: 11885: 11884: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11868: 11862: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11833: 11825: 11822: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11804:Months of the 11802: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11682:Sayl al-ʿArim 11679: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11659: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11634: 11631: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603:(Mesopotamia) 11602: 11601: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11544: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11536: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11499: 11496: 11490: 11487: 11484: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11465:Sacred Mosque 11462: 11459: 11456: 11452: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11398: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11365: 11364: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11345: 11339: 11335: 11332: 11325: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11301: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11291:or Tīh Desert 11289: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11271: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11240:Maqām Ibrāhīm 11237: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11176: 11173: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11147: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11123: 11120: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11085: 11081: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11037: 11016: 11013: 11010: 11007: 11006: 11005: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10990:Rabbani/Rabbi 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10976: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10944: 10941: 10936: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10911: 10906: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10883: 10877: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10819: 10804: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10746: 10737: 10733: 10732:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 10730: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10680: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10562: 10559: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10547:People of Nuh 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10490: 10483: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10418: 10415: 10411: 10410:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 10408: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10377: 10373: 10359: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10340: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10326:Bal'am/Balaam 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309:not specified 10305: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10111: 10104: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10071:Mary's mother 10069: 10066: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10033: 10031: 10030:Father Lamech 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9987: 9983: 9968: 9965: 9962: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9893: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9862: 9859: 9855:(Son of Mary) 9854: 9851: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9827: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9789: 9785: 9782: 9780:son of Jacob) 9779: 9775: 9772: 9767: 9764: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9702:son of David) 9701: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9542: 9538: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9517: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9483:(the (chief) 9482: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9413: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9373: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9254: 9250: 9249: 9245: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9215:Dābbat al-Arḍ 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9163: 9160:(dog) of the 9159: 9155: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9001: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8860: 8857:. 0500282056. 8856: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8775: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8746: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8714: 8705: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8663: 8646: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8569: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8550: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8522:– Makkah Gate 8519: 8515: 8509: 8502: 8498: 8495: 8490: 8482: 8475: 8469: 8453: 8449: 8443: 8436: 8430: 8422: 8421: 8413: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8383: 8368: 8362: 8358: 8357: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8285: 8279: 8275: 8268: 8260: 8258: 8250: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8218:. moh.gov.sa. 8217: 8213: 8210: 8205: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8185: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8133: 8126: 8121: 8105: 8099: 8083: 8076: 8070: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8028: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7995: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7871: 7869: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7769: 7761: 7753: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7624: 7620: 7614: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7596: 7591: 7583: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7547: 7543: 7537: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7473: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7454: 7452: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7418: 7414: 7409: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7395: 7389: 7382: 7378: 7375: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7307:"Mecca" 7303: 7297: 7289: 7282: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7223: 7218: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7206:Islamic World 7201: 7195: 7189: 7181: 7171: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7137: 7135: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7041: 7035: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7013: 7005: 7003:1-930409-11-7 6999: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6968: 6963: 6961: 6953: 6952: 6951:Islamic World 6946: 6944: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6916: 6909: 6904: 6898: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6878: 6877: 6876:Islamic World 6871: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6787: 6780: 6773: 6772: 6765: 6757: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6740:Lings, Martin 6735: 6727: 6725:0-0606-3126-0 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6670: 6668:0-87850-125-8 6664: 6660: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6610: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6581: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6557: 6550: 6544: 6536: 6529: 6521: 6515: 6511: 6504: 6498:, 1987, p.136 6497: 6491: 6483: 6477: 6473: 6466: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6417: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6382: 6375: 6369: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6342: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6300:(99): 10–37. 6299: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6258: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6186: 6178: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6159: 6151: 6150: 6142: 6140: 6130: 6124: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6024: 6022: 6013: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5997: 5988: 5980: 5974: 5970: 5969:Lonely Planet 5966: 5965: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5942: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5923:Wendy Doniger 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5894: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5865: 5857: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5834: 5826: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5803: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5762: 5753: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5734: 5732: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5625: 5621: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5587: 5581: 5577: 5572: 5571: 5562: 5560: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5518: 5515: 5509: 5502: 5501:The Economist 5496: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5471: 5469: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5425: 5422:9 June 2020. 5421: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5386: 5382: 5375: 5367: 5365:0-89381-752-X 5361: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5339: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5319: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5300: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5092: 5086: 5071:. 15 May 2023 5070: 5069:Dompet Dhuafa 5066: 5060: 5056: 5040: 5032: 5023: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4907: 4904: 4893: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4864:together via 4863: 4859: 4855: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4784:Rapid transit 4781: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4742: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4625: 4624:Saudi Gazette 4620: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4601:, an Ottoman 4600: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4420:Dhu al-Qi'dah 4417: 4412: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4390: 4375: 4363: 4351: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4293: 4289: 4277: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4215:, carpentry, 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4166: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045:Mean monthly 4043: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3875:precipitation 3871: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3731: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3238: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3206: 3205:Jabal al-Nour 3202: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3173:Dhu al-Hijjah 3158: 3153: 3147: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3094:Maqam Ibrahim 3091: 3085:Maqam Ibrahim 3082: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2964: 2962: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2902: 2898: 2897:Jabal al-Nour 2893: 2888: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2742:T.E. Lawrence 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2711:Mecca in 1910 2709: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2507:Islamic realm 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2433:Jabal al-Nour 2430: 2426: 2422: 2419:Muhammad was 2415: 2414: 2407: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2273:war elephants 2270: 2266: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2047: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Old Testament 1985: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1902: 1895: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1879: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:Old Testament 1642: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1622: 1612:أُمّ ٱلْقُرَى 1606: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1551: 1542: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1468: 1460: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363:Abraj Al Bait 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1193:; officially 1190: 1166: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1006: 1005: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 981: 978: 977: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 965:Proselytizing 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 874: 873:Denominations 871: 867: 864: 863: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 823: 820: 816: 811: 810: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 776: 775: 771: 769: 768: 764: 762: 761: 757: 756: 753: 750: 748: 745: 744: 741: 736: 735: 728: 726: 722: 720: 718: 714: 713: 709: 706: 704: 702: 698: 696: 694: 690: 688: 686: 682: 681: 677: 676: 671: 670: 665: 664: 660: 658: 657: 653: 652: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 633: 632: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 608: 605: 603: 600: 599: 596: 591: 590: 583: 580: 579: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 552: 548: 545: 544: 541: 536: 535: 531: 527: 526: 523: 520: 519: 515: 511: 510: 502: 494: 490: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 469: 467: 463: 447: 443: 441: 437: 433: 431: 428: • 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 365: 362: 358: 355: 352: 348: 343: 339: 335: 331: 328: 324: 315: 311: 308: 305: 303: 299: 296: 293: 291: 287: 284: 273: 269: 264: 236:Coordinates: 234: 212: 203: 194: 189: 180: 174: 166: 165:Jabal al-Nour 160: 150: 144: 136: 130: 120: 116: 110: 100: 87: 82: 75: 58: 46: 45: 32: 26: 22: 16187:Prostitution 16160:universities 16133:Demographics 16028:Oil reserves 15873:Human rights 15740:Governorates 15624:Saudi Arabia 15512:Nughayshiyah 15496: 15412:Harat al Bab 15277:Ash Shumaysi 15247:Ash Shara'i` 15242:Ash Shamiyah 15112:Al Yamaniyah 15032:Al Mundassah 15002:Al Mashayikh 14760: 14757: 14627:Al Qunfudhah 14524: 14351:Islamophobia 14226:Christianity 14174: 14107:Contemporary 14001:Architecture 13940: 13906: 13894: 13882: 13840: 13833: 13799: 13781: 13776:Nikah mut'ah 13774: 13767: 13760: 13753: 13746: 13739: 13703: 13691: 13684: 13677: 13670: 13650: 13643: 13636: 13629: 13542: 13323: 13247: 13229: 13222: 13166: 13159: 13152: 13145: 13138: 13131:Five Pillars 13108: 13074: 13063:God in Islam 13040: 12834:Mount Arafat 12805:Cave of Hira 12800:Jabal al-Nur 12734:Saudi Arabia 12672: 12623: 12607: 12599: 12593: 12587: 12552: 12542: 12530: 12520: 12494:In Paradise 12484: 12474: 12464: 12454: 12448: 12438: 12422: 12419:(Plant stem) 12416: 12410: 12404: 12398: 12393:Plant matter 12380: 12374: 12366: 12360: 12354: 12348: 12257: 12228: 12224: 12192: 12156:Umm al-Kitāb 12154: 12141: 12128:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 12126: 12113: 12105: 12096: 12083: 12040: 12036:Ghadir Khumm 12020:('The Dawn') 12014: 12008: 11995: 11989: 11980: 11971: 11965: 11962:('The Noon') 11956: 11945: 11939: 11931: 11925: 11919: 11913: 11905: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11871: 11850: 11841: 11791:Days of Hajj 11779: 11776:(The Friday) 11770: 11722: 11680: 11667: 11635:Paradise of 11622:Jordan River 11617:Dār an-Nadwa 11616: 11598: 11560: 11555:Cave of Hira 11547: 11542: 11532: 11479:Masjid Qubāʾ 11478: 11460: 11450: 11442: 11428: 11416: 11408: 11382:Qaryat Yūnus 11381: 11371: 11361: 11321: 11311: 11297: 11288:Sinai Region 11270:Dam of Sheba 11265: 11253: 11238: 11228: 11219: 11208: 11204: 11186: 11164: 11152: 11144: 11114: 11109: 11099: 11082: 11069: 11056: 10974: 10952: 10943:Ahl al-Kitāb 10942: 10920: 10916:Zoroastrians 10912: 10907:disbelievers 10900: 10893: 10851:Banu Qurayza 10846:Banu Qaynuqa 10835:Ahl as-Suffa 10834: 10748: 10731: 10703: 10672: 10655: 10640:Sons of Adam 10622: 10595: 10571: 10563: 10554: 10528: 10522:Banī Isrāʾīl 10520: 10513: 10478: 10441: 10424: 10409: 10396: 10341:Luqman's son 10188: 10152: 10145: 10135: 10039:Luqman's son 10010:Martyred son 9902:Dhūl-Qarnain 9852: 9842: 9806:Perseverance 9798: 9776:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 9766:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 9765: 9754:('He of the 9751: 9664:Dhabih Ullah 9520: 9515: 9509: 9490: 9478: 9460: 9448: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9415: 9394:Malakul-Mawt 9392: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9338: 9309: 9290: 9267: 9246: 9234: 9224: 9214: 9204: 9185: 9176: 9167: 9157: 9153:) of Solomon 9144: 9133: 9121: 9112: 9103: 9072: 8959: 8938:. 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Retrieved 5068: 5059: 5039: 5009: 4966: 4924: 4917:Islam portal 4856:, named the 4851: 4828: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4747: 4729: 4715: 4697:World War II 4693: 4680:Al-Ekhbariya 4653: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4596: 4580: 4568: 4557: 4531: 4512: 4505: 4475: 4437: 4413: 4408: 4405:Great Mosque 4402: 4393:Demographics 4388: 4261: 4245: 4231: 4229: 4206: 4183:flag carrier 4171: 3877:mm (inches) 3456: 3446: 3424: 3417: 3392:ʿAyn Zubayda 3373:Mount Arafat 3315: 3295: 3283: 3269: 3266: 3254:Nafud desert 3250:Hejaz region 3247: 3219: 3210: 3196:Jabal an-Nur 3190:Mount Arafat 3177: 3171: 3168: 3130: 3127: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3071: 3053: 3039: 3017: 3011: 3007: 3005: 2989: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2937: 2927: 2926: 2906: 2880: 2879: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2840: 2797: 2778: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2738:Siege of Kut 2719: 2715: 2714: 2685: 2663: 2657: 2647: 2632: 2631: 2622: 2616: 2563:Second Fitna 2536: 2521: 2511:Muslim world 2499: 2495:Five Pillars 2488: 2457: 2452: 2418: 2411: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2290: 2263: 2221: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2182:local tribes 2179: 2164: 2120:Persian Gulf 2104:trade routes 2070: 2050: 2048: 2041:عَبْد مَكَّة 2034: 2024: 2020: 2019: 1999: 1981: 1974: 1954:Noahic Flood 1931: 1883: 1882: 1875: 1857: 1849: 1823: 1797: 1789: 1782: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1720: 1718:illiterate. 1711: 1693: 1687: 1680:paleontology 1677: 1601: 1588:Arabia Felix 1581: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1521: 1516: 1470: 1438: 1401: 1390: 1344: 1294:Jabal al-Nur 1274: 1211:Saudi Arabia 1198: 1194: 1164: 1163: 1082:Islamophobia 861:Demographics 856:Circumcision 772: 765: 758: 724: 716: 700: 692: 684: 673: 667: 661: 654: 283:Saudi Arabia 149:Mount Arafat 25: 16422:Holy cities 16227:Visual arts 16167:Health care 16003:Agriculture 15947:Air Defense 15910:Visa policy 15735:Earthquakes 15684:Unification 15552:Shi`b `amir 15502:Murshidiyah 15262:Ash Shishah 15237:Ash Shajwah 15182:As Sabahani 15172:Ar Rudaymah 15102:Al Ukhaydir 15097:Al Qu`tubah 15037:Al Muqayti` 15027:Al Mulayha' 14997:Al Masfalah 14992:Al Masarrah 14957:Al Khulasah 14927:Al Ju`ranah 14852:Al Fawwarah 14847:Al Buraykah 14782:Abu Shu`ayb 14704:cdsi.gov.sa 14622:Al Majma'ah 14605:<300,000 14126:Other areas 14117:Theological 14112:Eschatology 14069:Mathematics 14006:Calligraphy 13936:Theological 13890:Inheritance 13807:Cleanliness 13237:Shi'a Imams 13231:Ahl al-Bayt 12897:Mecca Metro 12876:Al-Wehda FC 12812:Jabal Thawr 12788:Zamzam Well 12776:Black Stone 12469:Pomegranate 12369:(The Earth) 12262:golden calf 11835:Pilgrimages 11568:Hudaybiyyah 11483:Quba Mosque 11437:Prostration 11388:,' that is 11349:Mesopotamia 11338:Mount Tabor 11334:Mount Sinai 11316:Mount Sinai 11266:ʿArim Sabaʾ 11004:Polytheists 10754:Household') 10749:Ahl al-Bayt 10706:(People of 10704:Qawm Tubbaʿ 10650:Wife of Lut 10645:Wife of Nuh 10496:or families 10494:ethnicities 10215:Moses' wife 9698:ibn Dāwūd ( 9480:ash-Shayṭān 9372:Holy Spirit 9198:Non-related 8940:19 February 8890:Ibn Khaldun 8174:26 December 7857:15 February 7784:9 September 7717:9 September 7209:, pp. 17–18 6969:, pp. 16–17 6551:; 1987; p.7 6533:Procopius. 6455:16 November 6317:10023/25835 5430:8 September 5233:29 February 5227:Euromonitor 4825:Mecca Metro 4819:Mecca Metro 4613:Umm al-Qurā 4538:Al Wahda FC 4481:expatriates 4471:Afghanistan 4432:South Asian 4424:ethnicities 4232:Al Akashiya 4092:Mean daily 3357:ʿAyn Ḥunayn 3334:gold dinars 3322:Zamzam Well 3216:Hira'a Cave 3068:Black Stone 3024:Zamzam Well 2945:were killed 2874:Safa-Marwah 2722:World War I 2619:Ibn Battuta 2604:Black Death 2596:Muslim sect 2587:millenarian 2437:revelations 2425:Banu Hashim 2393: / 2335:Abyssinians 2171:Zamzam Well 2100:spice trade 2035:ʿAbd Mekkat 1813:, from the 1605:Umm al-Qurā 1598:Other names 1545:مكة المكرمة 1264:Dhūl-Ḥijjah 1097:Laws of war 760:Ahl al-Bayt 645:Foundations 313:Established 302:Governorate 258: / 93:مكة المكرمة 16391:Categories 16252:television 16123:Censorship 16045:Irrigation 15372:Dughaybjah 15312:Az Zughbah 15257:Ash Shaybi 15227:As Suwadah 15212:As Sifyani 15077:Al Qirshan 15062:Al Qararah 15057:Al Qadimah 15017:Al Mubarak 15012:Al Ma`rash 15007:Al Mathnah 14947:Al Khaydar 14942:Al Khamrah 14912:Al Jami`ah 14907:Al Jadidah 14897:Al Hawiyah 14887:Al Hamimah 14882:Al Halaqah 14867:Al Gharith 14837:Al Barabir 14787:Abu `Urwah 14777:Abu Qirfah 14772:Abu Hisani 14682:Ras Tanura 14281:Ex-Muslims 14176:Shu'ubiyya 14170:Psychology 14158:Literature 14148:Inventions 14094:Philosophy 13902:Leadership 13878:Honorifics 13533:Philosophy 13388:Isma'ilism 13353:Maturidism 13242:Caliphates 13213:Golden Age 13104:Revelation 12911:Pilgrimage 12829:Muzdalifah 12754:and places 12363:(Planets) 12357:(The Moon) 12308:Of Quraysh 12183:Noah's Ark 12076:Holy books 11920:Al-Ghuduww 11914:Al-ʿAshiyy 11878:Invocation 11870:Times for 11721:Battle of 11712:Battles or 11304:(The Holy 11170:(formerly 11117:(Mainland 10927:Hypocrites 10874:People of 10841:Banu Nadir 10821:Implicitly 10663:Son of Nuh 10621:People of 10555:Ahl Madyan 10530:Muʾtafikāt 10450:Al-Raqaim? 10425:Ḥawāriyyūn 10307:Implied or 10252:(possibly 10182:Egyptians 10174:People of 10132:Egyptians 9953:(Jeremiah) 9853:Ibn Maryam 9606:(Ezekiel?) 9445:(Asmodeus) 9339:Muqarrabun 9075:(Generous) 9045:Non-humans 9033:Characters 8866:. Leiden: 8845:ETH Zurich 8843:. Zurich: 8824:See also: 8537:Al Arabiya 8312:23 October 8169:ArgaamPlus 8110:1 November 8088:25 January 8059:29 October 7984:11 October 7959:11 October 7689:1152068721 7552:18 January 7526:18 January 7500:17 January 7094:aliftaa.jo 6494:Crane, P. 6200:. London. 5881:. p. 5485:. London. 5446:companions 5197:Salamislam 5177:3 February 5114:3 February 5051:References 4803:Muzdalifah 4750:Highway 40 4650:Television 4630:Al Madinah 4575:Haram area 4571:Mecca Gate 4552:See also: 4483:outnumber 4456:Guru Nanak 4397:See also: 4217:upholstery 4148:Source 2: 4139:Source 1: 3949:(≥ 1.0 mm) 3292:Topography 3186:Muzdalifah 2924:pilgrims. 2853:See also: 2843:haram area 2668:of Egypt, 2583:Qarmatians 2399: ( 2380:39°49′48″E 2377:21°25′30″N 2331:Banu Tamim 2259:defecating 2222:al-Qullays 2142:, and the 2140:Ghassanids 1850:Historian 1837:Himyarites 1833:Ghassanids 1796:adjective 1770:Leuke Kome 1726:and other 1674:Prehistory 1649:Genesis 21 1254:pilgrimage 950:Philosophy 687:(exegesis) 624:Pilgrimage 614:Almsgiving 399:Population 345:Government 326:Founded by 246:39°49′24″E 243:21°25′21″N 16192:Terrorism 16155:libraries 16150:Education 16085:Transport 16008:Companies 15942:Air Force 15895:Judiciary 15863:Elections 15853:Basic Law 15750:Provinces 15745:Mountains 15708:Geography 15547:Shira`ayn 15322:Az Zuwayb 15317:Az Zurra` 15302:Az Zaymah 15292:At Tarfa' 15287:At Tan`im 15267:Ash Shi`b 15232:Ash Shafa 15087:Al Qufayf 15067:Al Qaryat 15052:Al Muwayh 14987:Al Maqrah 14982:Al Mahjar 14977:Al Maghal 14962:Al Kidwah 14937:Al Khalas 14892:Al Harra' 14872:Al Ghulah 14857:Al Faydah 14827:Al Ashraf 14792:Ad Dabbah 14398:Symbolism 14356:Incidents 14334:Criticism 14231:Mormonism 14133:Astrology 14059:Cosmology 14054:Astronomy 13996:Arabesque 13863:Etiquette 13822:Blasphemy 13612:Economics 13427:Ahmadiyya 13361:Mu'tazili 13349:Ash'arism 12885:Transport 12853:Education 12752:Landmarks 12557:Date palm 12547:Palm tree 12535:Lote-tree 12511:or plants 12455:Qith-thāʾ 12383:(The Sun) 12381:Ash-Shams 12342:Celestial 12235:False god 12171:or beings 12169:of people 12151:of David) 12093:of Jesus) 11926:Al-Bukrah 11689:in Sheba) 11467:of Mecca) 11424:Monastery 11402:locations 11400:Religious 11357:Al-Jūdiyy 11050:Mentioned 11044:Locations 10957:Christian 10937:Believers 10922:Munāfiqūn 10885:Religious 10823:mentioned 10736:Stoneland 10612:Muhajirun 10390:Mentioned 10292:Abū Lahab 10287:As-Sāmirī 10277:(Goliath) 10243:Evil ones 10157:Zulaykhah 10113:People of 10000:Good ones 9800:Ulul-ʿAzm 9788:Zechariah 9784:Zakariyyā 9604:Dhūl-Kifl 9557:Mentioned 9403:(Michael) 9292:Zabāniyah 9269:Malāʾikah 9241:Honey bee 8928:"Quraysh" 8725:Arab News 7752:857109543 7290:. 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It is 1284:Muhammad 1213:and the 1106:Glossary 1092:Jihadism 1065:Violence 1060:Islamism 1031:Muhammad 1017:Apostasy 960:Politics 910:Feminism 905:Exorcism 866:Diaspora 851:Children 846:Calendar 774:Rashidun 752:Muhammad 747:Timeline 708:Mathnawi 570:Prophets 514:a series 512:Part of 290:Province 64:أم القرى 16442:Red Sea 16355:Outline 16308:Symbols 16293:Theatre 16237:Cuisine 16214:Culture 16177:Obesity 16106:Society 16080:Tourism 15991:Economy 15795:Cabinet 15730:Climate 15720:Borders 15636:History 15577:Turubah 15572:Tharwah 15537:Sabuhah 15532:Raqiyah 15507:Mushrif 15487:Matiyah 15467:Malakan 15447:Khumrah 15442:Khulays 15407:Halamah 15342:Baranah 15187:As Sadr 15132:An Naqa 15122:Al Ābār 15107:Al Waht 15082:Al Qirw 15042:Al Muqr 14917:Al Jid` 14877:Al Hada 14862:Al Fazz 14817:Ad Dirs 14802:Ad Dawh 14797:Ad Daff 14687:Unaizah 14667:Sakakah 14657:Diriyah 14652:Dhahran 14617:Al Lith 14383:Nursing 14344:Qutbism 14258:Sikhism 14253:Judaism 14248:Jainism 14084:Physics 14031:Pottery 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9658:Ishmael 9654:Ismāʿīl 9618:(Eber?) 9612:(Aaron) 9574:Al-Yasa 9511:Ghilmān 9387:Raphael 9383:Isrāfīl 9146:hud-hud 9096:Related 9089:Animals 8651:25 June 8554:"Roads" 8458:6 April 8402:6 April 8239:6 April 7979:GE News 7905:6 April 7810:29 June 7417:Encarta 7413:"Mecca" 7271:6 April 7245:6 April 7235:"Mecca" 7224:, p. 32 7222:Lapidus 7194:105:1-5 7149:Marr JS 7134:Najashi 6967:Lapidus 6954:, p. 13 6910:, p. 14 6908:Lapidus 6879:, p. 20 6708:"Kaaba" 6535:History 5925:(ed.). 5647:28 July 5390:19 June 5075:30 July 4994: 4982:: 4514:Al Baik 4491:Culture 4452:Bologna 4444:Ahmadis 4382:‎ 4370:‎ 4358:‎ 4346:‎ 4334:‎ 4322:‎ 4310:‎ 4299:‎ 4284:‎ 4272:‎ 4160:Economy 3942:(4.12) 3937:(0.97) 3932:(0.91) 3927:(0.56) 3922:(0.25) 3917:(0.23) 3912:(0.06) 3902:(0.10) 3897:(0.33) 3892:(0.20) 3887:(0.10) 3882:(0.81) 3868:(50.0) 3863:(54.3) 3858:(61.5) 3853:(64.4) 3848:(71.6) 3843:(74.1) 3838:(74.1) 3833:(71.6) 3828:(68.5) 3823:(60.1) 3818:(55.4) 3813:(50.0) 3808:(51.8) 3798:(77.5) 3793:(69.3) 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12989:Voyage 12979:Quotes 12869:Sports 12608:Sharāb 12568:Zaqqūm 12485:Zaytūn 12465:Rummān 12451:(Herb) 12443:Lentil 12432:Fruits 12425:(Seed) 12367:Al-Arḍ 12344:bodies 12315:Al-Lāt 12230:Ṭāghūt 12221:'Ansāb 12149:Psalms 12116:Tawrāt 12099:Qurʾān 12091:Gospel 11983:Ghurūb 11948:ʿIshāʾ 11907:Tasbīḥ 11901:Takbīr 11895:Taḥmīd 11687:Ma'rib 11607:Canaan 11594:'Ariha 11592:& 11433:Mosque 11429:Masjid 11418:Miḥrāb 11229:Kaʿbah 11223:Āminan 11215:Bakkah 11205:Makkah 11200:Ḥunayn 11132:In the 11104:Midian 11100:Madyan 11072:Jannah 10953:Naṣārā 10887:groups 10830:Amalek 10726:Thamūd 10514:Ar-Rūm 10474:Medina 10380:Groups 10350:Nimrod 10316:Abraha 10230:Sister 10225:Mother 10165:Mother 10127:Simeon 10115:Joseph 10096:Vizier 10086:Mother 9961:Samuel 9951:Irmiyā 9930:Gideon 9912:Maryam 9907:Luqmān 9824:Other 9778:Joseph 9727:Yaʿqūb 9638:ʿImrān 9578:Elisha 9516:Wildān 9503:Others 9467:Demons 9435:ʿIfrīt 9401:Mīkāil 9370:('The 9355:Ar-Rūḥ 9348:Jibrīl 9274:Angels 9209:spider 9169:namlah 9151:hoopoe 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The 1235:Riyadh 1233:after 1227: 1219:Jeddah 1199:Makkah 1041:Hadith 955:Poetry 935:Mosque 900:Ethics 725:Sharia 693:Aqidah 685:Tafsir 669:Hadith 663:Sunnah 607:Prayer 558:Angels 280: 16397:Mecca 16362:Index 16336:Motto 16321:Dance 16281:Sport 16274:Islam 16259:Music 16247:Media 16138:youth 16128:Crime 15888:Women 15755:Wadis 15497:Mecca 15402:Hajur 15382:Ghran 15352:Bashm 15177:Arya` 14761:Mecca 14672:Jizan 14647:Bisha 14642:Bareq 14596:Tabuk 14591:Qatif 14566:Ha'il 14540:Ta'if 14525:Mecca 14510:Hofuf 14317:Quran 14207:Other 14102:Early 14026:Music 13942:Kalam 13896:Jizya 13884:Hudud 13769:Nikah 13686:Najis 13672:Ghusl 13631:Sukuk 13560:Women 13528:Music 13503:Flags 13417:Ibadi 13344:Sunni 13304:Quran 13161:Zakat 13147:Salah 13110:Qadar 13068:Allah 13031:Islam 12924:Umrah 12771:Kaaba 12673:Mecca 12624:Note: 12553:Nakhl 12543:Līnah 12489:Olive 12439:ʿAdas 12411:Shaṭʾ 12399:Baṣal 12375:Nujūm 12325:Manāt 12299:Yaʿūq 12284:Suwāʿ 12252:Baʿal 12147:(The 12144:Zabūr 12121:Torah 12119:(The 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