Kaaba - Knowledge

2300: 566: 63: 1277: 1531: 1026: 944: 189: 2489: 2204: 161: 2224: 1573: 9712: 1561: 2188: 2765: 2240: 1548: 2328:“In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. Our Lord, accept from us that you are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. Draw nearer to God Almighty by renewing the marble of this noble and honorable house. The poor servant of God Almighty, the honorable Sultan King Abu al-Nasr Barsbay, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. May God reach his hopes and adorn his deeds with good deeds. The year eight hundred and twenty-six AH" 1773: 739: 9966: 1379: 2751: 9971: 2333: 1765: 2373:“In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. Our Lord, accept from us that You are the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. He commanded the perfection of melodious chanting inside the house. Our Lord, the honorable and victorious Sultan Qaytbay, may God immortalize his kingdom, Lord of the worlds, on the first of the month of Rajab in the year eight hundred and eighty-four AH.” 196: 168: 1331:

that place for the worship of God and for the offering of sacrifices. It took its present name from what it had been, since the memory of the place was preserved with the generations of their race. Indeed, it was no new thing for the Arabs to worship there, but goes back to antiquity, to their early days, in that they show honor to the father of the head of their people.

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chronicle of Mecca, describe Muhammad settling a quarrel between the Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone in its place. According to Ishaq's biography, Muhammad's solution was to have all the clan elders raise the cornerstone on a cloak, after which Muhammad set the stone into its

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Regarding the K'bta (Kaaba) of Ibrahim, we have been unable to discover what it is except that, because the blessed Abraham grew rich in property and wanted to get away from the envy of the Canaanites, he chose to live in the distant and spacious parts of the desert. Since he lived in tents, he built

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well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. A king named Tubba' is considered the first one

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Imoti contends that there were numerous such Kaaba sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. There was a "Red Stone", in the Kaaba of the South Arabian city of Ghaiman; and the "White Stone" in the Kaaba

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The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. Along the top corners of the walls runs a black cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same

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narrated: I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Which mosque was first built on the surface of the earth?" He said, "Al-Masjid-ul-Haram (in Mecca)." I said, "Which was built next?" He replied "The mosque of Al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem)." I said, "What was the period of construction between the two?" He said, "Forty

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of stones, mountains, special rock formations, or "trees of strange growth." Armstrong further says that the Kaaba was thought to be at the center of the world, with the Gate of Heaven directly above it. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded

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disagree and assert that it was. Crone later on disregarded some of her theories. She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides, manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. She suggests that most of these goods were destined for the Roman army, which is known to

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coast at Shu'aybah. The work was undertaken by a Greek carpenter from the same ship, called Baqum (باقوم Pachomius). Financial constraints during this rebuilding caused Quraysh to exclude six cubits from the northern part of the Kaaba. This portion is what is currently known as Al-Hateem الحطيم or

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deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. However, by the time of Muhammad's era, it seems that the Kaaba was venerated as the temple of Allah, the High God. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj

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Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels (mala'ika), among others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination

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Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla, or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at

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and Ottoman forces, the Ottoman troops bombarded the city and hit the Kaaba, setting fire to the protective veil. This incident was later exploited by the propaganda of the Great Arab Revolt to attempt to demonstrate the impiety of the Ottomans and the legitimacy of the revolt as a holy war.

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to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. In 693 CE, 'Abd al-Malik had the remnants of al-Zubayr's Kaaba razed, and rebuilt it on the foundations set by the Quraysh. The Kaaba returned to the cube shape it had taken during Muhammad's time. Its basic shape and

1339:, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Ibrahim in the seventh century. This is the second dateable text mentioning the Kaaba, first being some verses from the 915:

pilgrimage, which was a mark of the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshipped by monotheists. At this time, the Muslims would perform the Salat prayer facing Jerusalem, as instructed by Muhammad, and turning their backs on the pagan associations of the Kabah.

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The Tawaf has its origins in the religion of the Najranite pagans, who walked around the Kaaba in an act of devotion to their creator god, Allah (not to be confused with the monotheistic god of Islam by the same name). This practice was adopted by Mohammad after some reform.

1326:(Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. The section covering the geography starts with a speculation about the origin of the Muslim sanctuary in Arabia: 992:. To maintain peace among the perpetually warring tribes, Mecca was declared a sanctuary where no violence was allowed within 30 km (20 mi) of the Kaaba. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center. 2319:بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ربنا تقبل منا انك انت السميع العليم تقرب الى الله تعالى بتجديد رخام هذا البيت المعظم المشرف العبد الفقير الى الله تعالى السلطان الملك الاشرف ابو النصر برسباي خادم الحرمين الشريفين بلغه الله اماله و زين بالصالحات اعماله بتاريخ سنة ست و عشرين و ثمان مئه 1390:

During Muhammad's lifetime (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. Muhammad took part in the reconstruction of the Kaaba around 600 C.E., after its structure was weakened by a fire, and then damaged by a subsequent flood. Sources including

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Narrated Abdullah: When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the conquest, there were 360 idols around the Kaaba. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood has vanished..." (Qur'an 17:81)

787:. Once every lunar year, Bedouin people would make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. A statue of 823:), which Muhammad spared. Undefined decorations, money and a pair of ram's horns were recorded to be inside the Kaaba. The pair of ram's horns were said to have belonged to the ram sacrificed by Ibrahim in place of his son Ismail as held by Islamic tradition. 1715:. It is approximately 15 m (49 ft 3 in) high with sides measuring 12 m (39 ft 4 in) × 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in) wide (Hawting states 10 m (32 ft 10 in). Inside the Kaaba, the floor is made of 791:(the principal idol of Mecca) and statues of other pagan deities are known to have been placed in or around the Kaaba. Apart from the paintings of pagan idols decorating the walls, which were destroyed at the behest of Muhammad after his 1977:

is a glass and metal enclosure with what is said to be an imprint of Ibrahim's feet. Ibrahim is said to have stood on this stone during the construction of the upper parts of the Kaaba, raising Ismail on his shoulders for the uppermost

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and the Kaaba was first dedicated to Allah, a supreme god of individuals belonging to different tribes, while the pantheon of the gods of Quraysh was installed in the Kaaba after they conquered Mecca a century before Muhammad's time.

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And (remember) when We prepared for Abraham the place of the (holy) House, saying: Ascribe thou no thing as partner unto Me, and purify My House for those who make the round (thereof) and those who stand and those who bow and make

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Behold! We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in

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Muhammad raised his hand to protect an icon of the Virgin and Child and a painting of Abraham, but otherwise his companions cleared the interior of its clutter of votive treasures, cult implements, statuettes and hanging

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is the direction faced during prayer. The direction faced during prayer is the direction of the Kaaba, relative to the person praying. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the

4662:, p. 552: Quraysh had put pictures in the Ka'ba including two of Jesus son of Mary and Mary (on both of whom be peace!). ... The apostle ordered that the pictures should be erased except those of Jesus and Mary. 2364:بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ربنا تقبل منا انك انت السميع العليم أمر بتجيد ترخيم داخل البيت مولانا السلطان الأشرف أبو النصر قايتباي خلد الله ملكه يارب العالمين بتاريخ مستهل رجب الفرد عام أربع و ثمانين و ثمانمائة من الهجرة 1723:. The interior walls are clad with tiled, white marble halfway to the roof, with darker trimmings along the floor. The floor of the interior stands about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) above the ground area where 1351:

Saudi archeologist Mohammed Almaghthawi discovered some rock inscriptions mentioning the Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba, dating back to the first and second centuries of Islam. One of them reads as follows:

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And when We assigned to Ibrahim the place of the House, saying: Do not associate with Me aught, and purify My House for those who make the circuit and stand to pray and bow and prostrate themselves.

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are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for its maintenance.

1746:—on the right wall (right of the entrance) opens to an enclosed staircase that leads to a hatch, which itself opens to the roof. Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of 988:

and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. When the idol was moved inside the Kaaba, it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for

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scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two.

1500:(shaykhan yastaqsim bil-azlam)." Then he saw the picture of Maryam, so he put his hands on it and he said: "Erase what is in it in the way of pictures except the picture of Maryam." 5025:"God made the stone under Ibrahim's feet into something like clay so that his feet sunk into it. That was a miracle. It was transmitted on the authority of Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (may 4998: 1962: ft) space along the wall between the Black Stone and the entry door. It is sometimes considered pious or desirable for a pilgrim to touch this area of the Kaaba, or perform 1758: 1083:

And remember Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House (With this prayer): "Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing."

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And when Ibrahim and Ismail were raising the foundations of the House, (Abraham prayed): Our Lord! Accept from us (this duty). Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Hearer, the Knower.

1916:, is a low wall that was part of the original Kaaba. It is a semi-circular wall opposite, but not connected to, the north-west wall of the Kaaba. It is 1.31 m (4 ft 1857:, replaced the old silver doors made by his father, Ibrahim Badr, in 1942. There is a wooden staircase on wheels, usually stored in the mosque between the arch-shaped gate of 4775:(1967) . "IV. Countries and cities, and all other forms of sedentary civilization. The conditions occurring there. Primary and secondary considerations in this connection.". 1513:

After the conquest, Muhammad restated the sanctity and holiness of Mecca, including its Great Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), in Islam. He performed the Hajj in 632 CE called the

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years." He added, "Wherever (you may be, and) the prayer time becomes due, perform the prayer there, for the best thing is to do so (i.e. to offer the prayers in time)."

1132:)'s time and was finally rebuilt by Ibrahim and Ismail as mentioned later in the Quran. Ibn Kathir regarded this tradition as weak and preferred instead the narration by 5975: 4383: 4308: 2571:

each time they complete one revolution. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make ṭawāf" at least twice – once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca.

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believed that this was the Kaaba. However, Ian D. Morris argues that Gibbon had misread the source: Diodorus puts the temple too far north for it to have been Mecca.

4785:]. Bollingen series. Vol. 2. Translated by Rosenthal, Franz (2 ed.). Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press (published 1980). pp. 253–255. 2731:. Preparations for the washing start a day before the agreed date, with the mixing of Zamzam water with several luxurious perfumes including Tayef rose, 'oud and 931:

was often performed naked by men and almost naked by women. It is disputed whether Allah and Hubal were the same deity or different. According to a hypothesis by

1815:'The Black Stone'), is located on the Kaaba's eastern corner. It is the location where Muslims start their circumambulation of the Kaaba, known as the 9875: 3795: 1434:

in 622 CE. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of

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and the latter four times closer to the Kaaba at a leisurely pace. The circling is believed to demonstrate the unity of the believers in the worship of the

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While Abraham was building the Kaaba, an angel brought to him the Black Stone which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure. Another stone was the

2716:) tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. 5282: 2125:, the embroidered covering. Kiswa is a black silk and gold curtain which is replaced annually during the Hajj pilgrimage. Two-thirds of the way up is the 5998: 4164: 4147: 3654:, p. 85 footnote 2: The text reads 'O God, do not be afraid', the second footnote reads 'The feminine form indicates the Ka'ba itself is addressed' 2269:

script. In the eastern wall between the door and the Gate of Repentance another document was added by the custodian of the Two Holy Mosques at the time

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After heavy rains and flooding in 1626, the walls of the Kaaba collapsed and the Mosque was damaged. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor

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Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam:

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states: "Mecca is mentioned by Ptolemy. The name he gives it allows us to identify it as a South Arabian foundation created around a sanctuary." In

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CE), with the Kaaba receiving significant attention. Of the ten marble slabs chronicling the architectural contributions of various rulers to

188: 1112:) of the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the Kaaba. One is that the temple was a place of worship for 3856: 4496: 1449:

At the culmination of his mission, in 630 CE, after the allies of the Quraysh, the Banu Bakr, violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Muhammad

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is a rain spout made of gold. Added when the Kaaba was rebuilt in 1627, after a flood in 1626 caused three of the four walls to collapse.

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argues that the identification of Macoraba with Mecca is false and that Macoraba was a town in southern Arabia in what was then known as

4197: 5961: 4102: 4076: 4061: 4034: 4007: 3992: 2563:. If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. They are also to chant the 1142:('House of God'), dedicated solely to him, built by his instruction, and sanctified and blessed by him, as stated in Quran 22:26–29. A 78: 5948: 5716: 5037:, and the Black Stone, which God entrusted Ibrahim with as a white stone. It was whiter than paper, but became black from the sins of 3965: 3939: 3924: 9868: 5769: 1045:

Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for mankind.

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And when Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House: Our Lord! accept from us; surely Thou art the Hearing, the Knowing:

7162: 2273:, regarding his expansion of the mosque, thus bringing the number of documents to ten, all of which are inscribed on white marble. 1649:, defiled the Zamzam Well with the bodies of pilgrims and stole the Black Stone, taking it to the oasis in Eastern Arabia known as 4810: 4746: 1822:

The entrance is a door set 2.13 m (7 ft 0 in) above the ground on the north-eastern wall of the Kaaba, called the

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was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic Kaaba, and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild it so as to include it.

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According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ismail's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the

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After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ismail to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the

9621: 5755: 5544: 5351: 5266: 5237: 5191: 5132: 4902: 4874: 4398: 4323: 3863: 3583: 3243: 3071: 2983: 9711: 6749: 4531: 160: 9861: 7759: 5857: 5478: 2311:. The document, dated to 1423 (CE), attests to a wide reconstruction and restoration process in the mosque by the Sultan. 2187: 2170:

toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east–west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of

1930: in) in height and 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in width, and is composed of white marble. The space between the 399:) for Muslims around the world. The current structure was built after the original building was damaged by fire during the 1276: 8577: 4721: 4604: 4588: 1853:'Door of Mercy'), that also acts as the façade. In 1979, the 300 kg (660 lb) gold doors made by artist 565: 5897: 5182:

Nassar, Nahla (2013). "Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.).

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as the qibla in their prayers before changing the direction to face the Kaaba, believed by Muslims to be a result of a

62: 7974: 7673: 5832: 5814: 5729: 5702: 5678: 5507: 5449: 5425: 4790: 4684: 4636: 4558: 4260: 3692: 3613: 3532: 3498: 3415: 3125: 1530: 1200: 1025: 2133:, the Islamic declaration of faith. The curtain over the door of the Kaaba is especially ornate and is known as the 1203:, sacrifice of cattle. The vicinity of the temple was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden. 10133: 6753: 6511: 5774: 1124:) before the creation of man. Later, a house of worship was built on the location and was lost during the flood in 972:

According to Sarwar, about 400 years before the birth of Muhammad, a man named 'Amr bin Luhayy, who descended from

7041: 5876: 5258: 5229: 1191:, the Station of Abraham, where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. The Black Stone and the 2800: 2348:. Dated to 1479 (CE), the document attests to a wide reconstruction and restoration process undertaken by Sultan 1600:, an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of power by the 5590: 4929: 10095: 4940: 4349: 3831: 3039: 1668: 586: 5323:"أعمال الأشرف برسباي بالمسجد الحرام في ضوء نقش مؤرخ بسنة 826هـ/1423م محفوظ بالكعبة المشرفة دراسة أثرية حضارية" 4965: 3221: 3163: 10115: 10105: 8436: 7980: 4176: 3192: 1742:) hang from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is of a darker colour, similar in hue to the lower trimming. The 1537: 1037:

The Qur'an contains several verses regarding the origin of the Kaaba. It states that the Kaaba was the first

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Lo! the first Sanctuary appointed for mankind was that at Becca, a blessed place, a guidance to the peoples;

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of the statues and pictures displayed there, he spared the paintings of the Virgin and Child and of Abraham.

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The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times. The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3

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for the reconstruction of the Kaaba was purchased by Quraysh from a Greek ship that had been wrecked on the

6791: 2789: 1438:, verse 144. In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the 224: 3977:

Most surely the first house appointed for men is the one at Bekka, blessed and a guidance for the nations.

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pilgrimage site was the precursor to the Kaaba. Prior to Islam, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various

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mentions a temple along the Red Sea coast, "which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians".

980:, placed an idol of Hubal on the roof of the Kaaba. This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling 3822:

Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (1986). Goss, V. P.; Bornstein, C. V. (eds.).

1628: 7610: 5934: 5608: 943: 879:'Depiction') of Maryam and 'Isa. said: "Yes, there was set in it a picture of Maryam adorned ( 532: 7628: 5524: 3342:

Bowersock, G. W. (2017). The crucible of Islam. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 50 ff

2119:'The Iraqi Corner'), is the corner that faces slightly northeast from the center of the Kaaba. 763:

has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. Other scholars such as

10090: 9614: 7565: 6393: 5943: 5880: 5839: 5525:"The Historical Development of Paganism in Najran during the Pre- and Early Islamic Era (524–641 CE)" 5026: 4469: 3857:"The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source" 2518:'going about') is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage and is compulsory during both the 1038: 9592:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

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The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades

1314:, in around 300 CE, referred to "an unshapen stone" worshiped in an unspecified location in Arabia. 10110: 9463: 8565: 8253: 8153: 5739: 4452:"Hijazi Rock Inscriptions, Love of the Prophet, and Very Early Islam: Essays from Informed Comment" 1870: 1256: 5072: 10138: 10100: 10085: 7252: 6995: 6655: 4456:

Hijazi Rock Inscriptions, Love of the Prophet, and Very Early Islam: Essays from Informed Comment

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Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star

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Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to

1401:, one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), as well as 523:'Cloth'), is changed. However, the most significant increase in their numbers is during 279: 10080: 10075: 9159: 8409: 7664: 7605: 7495: 6975: 6366: 5693: 5594: 5098: 4731: 4614: 4598: 2854: 2667: 2435: 2404: 2387: 2102: 2056: 2010: 1854: 1836: 1798: 1676: 1466: 1446:, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year. 1397: 898: 862: 353: 117: 3771: 3684: 10148: 10060: 9930: 9807: 9690: 9676: 8664: 8533: 8430: 7225: 7092: 6881: 6785: 6640: 6553: 6265: 6030: 3407: 3200: 3171: 1780:

Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image.

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According to Islam, the Kaaba was rebuilt several times throughout history, most famously by

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The Kaaba with the signature minarets. A similar view is printed on the obverse side of 500-

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suggested in 1927 that it was written no later than the second half of the 3rd century BCE.

10022: 9759: 9607: 8686: 8281: 8165: 8147: 7296: 7122: 3826:. Vol. 21. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. p. 208. 2270: 2214: 1646: 1627:. The fall of the city and the death of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under 1620: 1585: 1442:, but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. He secured a peace treaty with them, the 400: 7215: 2657:

The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (

960:, points out that the experience of divinity of that period was often associated with the 8: 10037: 9920: 9900: 9802: 8715: 8659: 8454: 8122: 7764: 6987: 6682: 6352: 6134: 6111: 5782: 4806: 4712: 3821: 2866: 2778: 2770: 2679: 2523: 2513: 2447: 2416: 2114: 2068: 2022: 1848: 1810: 1688: 1624: 1514: 1483: 1273:. A recent study has revisited the arguments for Macoraba and found them unsatisfactory. 1222: 1165: 924: 874: 633: 7620: 7546: 2581:(arrival ṭawāf) is performed by those not residing in Mecca once reaching the Holy City. 10176: 10007: 9997: 9950: 9743: 9072: 9041: 8514: 8160: 7912: 7734: 7056: 6184: 5744: 4708: 4366: 3524:

The sacred trusts : Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul

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The corner of the Black Stone. It faces very slightly southeast from the center of the

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Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from the Babylonians to the Maya

4816: 4747:"On this day in 683 AD: The Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam, is burned to the ground" 4130: 1664:, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. 10027: 9925: 9528: 8720: 8705: 8641: 8100: 7826: 7411: 7310: 7088: 7068: 7061: 6127: 5907: 5828: 5810: 5751: 5725: 5698: 5674: 5540: 5503: 5496: 5474: 5445: 5421: 5372: 5347: 5262: 5233: 5197: 5187: 5138: 5128: 4908: 4898: 4870: 4786: 4680: 4642: 4632: 4554: 4256: 4249:

The Qur'an in context historical and literary investigations into the Qur'anic milieu

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The Book of History, a History of All Nations From the Earliest Times to the Present

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The Book of History: A History of All Nations From the Earliest Times to the Present

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and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in

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that although several other temples might have preceded the Kaaba, it was the first

10143: 10055: 10017: 9992: 9905: 9694: 9681: 9500: 9100: 9093: 9013: 8772: 8700: 8647: 8555: 8375: 7962: 7701: 7644: 7502: 7430: 7291: 6836: 6686: 6661: 6619: 6293: 6152: 5806: 5532: 5034: 4862: 4838: 4672: 4159: 4142: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3368: 2689: 2531: 2135: 1487: 1295: 1174: 1147: 1030: 928: 916: 800: 540: 488: 438: 434: 5123:

Porter, Venetia (2012). "Textiles of Mecca and Medina". In Porter, Venetia (ed.).

4856: 2735:. Zamzam water mixed with rose perfume is splashed on the floor and is wiped with 2307:

One of these two records the achievements of one of the most notable circassians,

1356:

God suffices and wrote Maysara bin Ibrahim Servant of the Kaaba (Khadim al-Kaaba).

1041:

for mankind, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ismail on Allah's instructions:

10065: 10012: 9987: 9844: 9797: 9290: 9051: 9007: 8137: 7821: 7523: 7435: 6916: 6739: 6587: 6270: 6234: 5953: 5938: 5688: 5668: 5664: 5341: 4944: 4933: 4704: 4470:"Early Arabic Inscriptions and the Life of the Prophet: A new Source for History" 2951: 2876: 2845: 2720: 2709: 2658: 2504: 2493: 2426: 2395: 2353: 2289: 2175: 2171: 2151:

have inscriptions embroidered in gold and silver wire, including verses from the

2093: 2047: 2001: 1890: 1827: 1789: 1747: 1572: 903: 853: 796: 624: 601: 484:

pilgrimages. The area around the Kaaba where pilgrims walk is called the Mataaf.

357: 7036: 4866: 10205: 10166: 10002: 9940: 9833: 9738: 9153: 9121: 9081: 8948: 8939: 8710: 8695: 8634: 8351: 8271: 8212: 7881: 7729: 7507: 7246: 7219: 7195: 7030: 7014: 6867: 6826: 6798: 6765: 6692: 6609: 6597: 6575: 6559: 6400: 5892: 5888: 5712: 5536: 3889: 3319:. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University. pp. 3 ff. 2784: 2684:'Cleaning of the Sacred Cube'). The ceremony takes place on the 1st of 2262: 1560: 1363:

is of the opinion that the inscription is likely from the second century A.H. (

1280: 1266: 947:

Miniature from 1307 CE depicting Muhammad fixing the black stone into the Kaaba

808: 764: 760: 727: 570: 442: 441:, when he returned to the valley of Mecca several years after leaving his wife 93: 9853: 8525: 4126: 3557: 3372: 10199: 10032: 9945: 9642: 9148: 8860: 8783: 8760: 8205: 7615: 7571: 7512: 7478: 7402: 7301: 7235: 6877: 6846: 6581: 6529: 5911: 5884: 5765: 5470: 5376: 5201: 5142: 4912: 4646: 4051: 3982: 3907: 3567: 3520: 2293: 2277: 2261:

Inside the Kaaba, there were nine engraved marble stones, all written in the

1972: 1650: 1642: 1299: 1186: 1125: 816: 711: 496: 492: 246: 233: 7933: 7539: 6707: 3914: 3886:

Senses of Devotion: Interfaith Aesthetics in Buddhist and Muslim Communities

3841: 3623: 3542: 3361:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

219:

The Agency of the General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques

16:

Building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram

10070: 9955: 9892: 9748: 9244: 9001: 8587: 8520: 8186: 8143: 7835: 7816: 7811: 7600: 7556: 7051: 6636: 6549: 6303: 6218: 6201: 6093: 6020: 3608:. Mazal Holocaust Collection. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 3003: 2756: 2724: 2543: 2542:, as they move in harmony together around the Kaaba, while supplicating to 2345: 1696: 1589: 1423: 1270: 1115: 1014: 744: 450: 365: 147: 9685: 7739: 7257: 6603: 5296: 768:

have required colossal quantities of leather and hides for its equipment.

19:

This article is about the Islamic holy site in Mecca. For other uses, see

9915: 9766: 9733: 9434: 9227: 8982: 8924: 8913: 8547: 8507: 8448: 8314: 8303: 8299: 7841: 7754: 7749: 6337: 5044: 4772: 3603: 3522: 2736: 2705: 2560: 2210: 1885:

This slant structure, covering three sides of the Kaaba, is known as the

1862: 1692: 1672: 1383: 1207: 827: 7130: 6932: 6359: 3380: 3356: 927:, says that the Kaaba itself might be referred to in the feminine form. 9910: 9753: 8963: 8843: 8747: 8738: 8322: 7969: 7922: 7806: 7487: 7240: 6313: 5038: 4776: 3470: 2685: 1639: 1636: 1435: 1211:

to have a door be built for the Kaaba according to sayings recorded in

1097: 1089: 1001: 989: 835: 560: 544: 536: 408: 9259: 7019: 6980: 6320: 6143: 3711:, XV (1979), The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan, pp. 65–69. 3357:"Quraysh and the Roman Army: Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade" 2999:"Explosives detectors to be installed at gates of Mecca's Holy Mosque" 2534:

direction; the first three at a hurried pace on the outer part of the

1568:) with Islamic inscriptions calligraphed in Arabic with golden threads 844:

provides the following narrative on the authority of his grandfather:

9522: 9512: 9200: 8652: 8463: 8389: 8235: 8023: 7892: 7593: 7577: 6922: 6569: 6257: 6206: 6070: 5792: 4826: 2162:

Marble stripe marking the beginning and end of each circumambulation.

1720: 1505: 1462: 1458: 1402: 1392: 1360: 1212: 996: 966: 961: 932: 920: 841: 804: 531:, when millions of pilgrims gather for Tawaf. According to the Saudi 487:

The Kaaba and the Mataaf are surrounded by pilgrims every day of the

419: 328: 9217: 5561: 5322: 4925: 4451: 3433:

The Long Divergence : How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East

2340:

The other of the two circassian slabs is dedicated to Barsbays son,

1772: 1547: 738: 9699: 9424: 9264: 9249: 8538: 8220: 8060: 8049: 8042: 7831: 7679: 7658: 7286: 7180: 7105: 6780: 6445: 6407: 6213: 4937: 3527:. Hilmi Aydın, Talha Uğurluel, Ahmet Doğru. Somerset, N.J.: Light. 3102: 2728: 2697: 2601:(Umrah ṭawāf) refers to the ṭawāf performed specifically for Umrah. 2592: 1736: 1732: 1661: 1311: 1101: 1054: 1006: 911: 831: 719: 613: 427: 5612: 3164:"Surah Al-Baqarah 2:122 - 2:126 - Towards Understanding the Quran" 10184: 10158: 9965: 9490: 9285: 8789: 8602: 8559: 8488: 8483: 8420: 8355: 8341: 8243: 7898: 7887: 7686: 7649: 7379: 7323: 7229: 6840: 6812: 6665: 6623: 6539: 6476: 6427: 6348: 5788:, translated with introduction and notes by Nabih Amin Faris 1952 4703: 3457:

King, G. R. D. (2004). "The Paintings of the Pre-Islamic Kaʿba".

2693: 2564: 2349: 2344:, known for his great architectural achievements throughout the 2341: 2308: 2167: 2130: 1990: 1411: 1378: 1252: 1230: 1226: 1157: 1074: 981: 936: 834:, it has been smeared with excrement, stolen and ransomed by the 830:

at the Kaaba has been struck and smashed by a stone fired from a

780: 715: 524: 3233: 3231: 2280:

during the period in which they ruled the Islamic world (784–924

1768:

A technical drawing of the Kaaba showing dimensions and elements

1225:

is supported by some literary evidence, being the prevalence of

9970: 9828: 9812: 9671: 9533: 9408: 9280: 9195: 9114: 9056: 8872: 8866: 8572: 8398: 8383: 8180: 8132: 8069: 8037: 7950: 7860: 7795: 7691: 7439: 7420: 7315: 7281: 6926: 6895: 6872: 6743: 6651: 6543: 6415: 6251: 6194: 6174: 6116: 6103: 6088: 5158:"Woven with devotion: the sacred Islamic textiles of the Kaaba" 5030: 5020: 4697: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 2973: 2971: 2568: 2552: 2539: 2122: 1739: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1565: 1431: 1407: 1143: 1107: 973: 500: 369: 349: 324: 8280:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 5932:

Ka'bah info: Everything you want to know about the Holy Ka'bah

1865:. The oldest surviving door dates back to 1045 AH (1635–6 CE). 10125: 9780: 9773: 9727: 9665: 9658: 9454: 9109: 9086: 9064: 8854: 8848: 8818: 8500: 8402: 8225: 8174: 8084: 7955: 7867: 7639: 7588: 7551: 7457: 7175: 7158: 6887: 6830: 6802: 6725: 6711: 6696: 6672: 6646: 6613: 6591: 6563: 6487: 6457: 6450: 6441: 6432: 6281: 6239: 6034: 5985: 5529:

Proceedings of the Eighth Saudi Students Conference in the UK

5257:(Reprint, illustrated ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 4822: 4494: 4236:

The Collection of the Speeches of Arabs, volume 1, section 75

4057: 3988: 3920: 3681:

Arabia and Ethiopia. In The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity

3228: 2646: 2635: 2465: 2266: 2156: 2152: 1764: 1724: 1680: 1470: 1453:. His first action was to remove statues and images from the 1340: 1121: 1051: 985: 977: 907: 812: 788: 776: 481: 446: 423: 396: 388: 361: 345: 320: 143: 139: 103: 83: 4570: 3662: 3660: 3048: 2968: 2256: 2085:

facing very slightly northwest from the center of the Kaaba.

1985:

The four corners of the Kaaba roughly point toward the four

10047: 9979: 9631: 9254: 9178: 8809: 8592: 8265: 8054: 7944: 7928: 7473: 7185: 6891: 6850: 6721: 6676: 6533: 6382: 6286: 3751: 3559:

Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah

3484: 3482: 3480: 2732: 2547: 2519: 2481: 2461: 1751: 1283: 1221:. The interpretation that pre-Islamic Arabs once practiced 1129: 1058: 528: 477: 472: 5226:

Ancient astronomy: an encyclopedia of cosmologies and myth

5214:

Key to numbered parts translated from, accessed 2 December

5127:. Cambridge, Mass.: The British Museum. pp. 257–258. 4540:, "Muhammad's Birth and Forty Years prior to Prophethood". 3635: 3633: 3431:

Timur Kuran (2011). "Commercial Life under Islamic Rule".

2332: 1608:. He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several 969:

that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth.

499:, on which the cloth covering the structure, known as the 10211:

Religious buildings and structures converted into mosques

9444: 8838: 8620: 6024: 4995:"Saudi Arabia's Top Artist Ahmad bin Ibrahim Passes Away" 3657: 3314: 3193:"Surah Al-Haj 22:26-30 - Towards Understanding the Quran" 2739:. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours. 2129:, a band of gold-embroidered Quranic text, including the 1963: 714:, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern 5591:"الرسول شرّف بني شيبة بحمل مفتاح الكعبة حتى قيام الساعة" 5055: 5053: 4977: 4975: 4288: 3810:

The Asatir: The Samaritan Book of the "Secrets of Moses"

3726: 3477: 1757: 1013:

book was likely compiled in the 10th century CE, though

999:

literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (

9599: 5931: 4368:

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

4276: 3776:. London: The Royal Asiatic Society. pp. 262, 71. 3714: 3630: 3605:

Mecca : a literary history of the Muslim Holy Land

2039:

facing slightly southwest from the center of the Kaaba.

8115:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 5856:(in Arabic). Translated by Diab, Issam. Archived from 3678: 3521:

Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi. Hırka-i Saadet Dairesi (2004).

3078: 2692:, around thirty days before the start of the month of 457:

seven times counterclockwise, known as Tawaf (Arabic:

5921:, Viscount Bryce (Introduction), The Grolier Society. 5327:كتاب المؤتمر الرابع عشر للاتحاد العام للاثاريين العرب 5050: 4972: 4245: 3153:

Hans Wehr, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 1994.

2607:("farewell ṭawāf") is performed before leaving Mecca. 2276:

Islamic sanctities received great attention from the

8813:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 5400:

Al-Muwatta Of Iman Malik Ibn Ana, p. 186, Anas, 2013

4895:

The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence sets Arabia ablaze

3489:

Ellenbogen, Josh; Tugendhaft, Aaron (18 July 2011).

3488: 2934: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2859: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2746: 2672: 2621:(Hajj ṭawāf) is performed after completing the Hajj. 2440: 2409: 2107: 2061: 2015: 1841: 1803: 1216: 1192: 1184: 1151: 1137: 1113: 1105: 867: 672:'Your Inviolable House') in 14:37 by Ibrahim 535:, 6,791,100 external pilgrims arrived for the Umrah 511: 465: 50: 5223: 4246:Neuwirth, Angelika; Nicolai Sinai, Michael (2010). 4198:"IN PICTURES: Six doors of Ka'aba over 5,000 years" 3317:

Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law

2559:Tawaf begins from the corner of the Kaaba with the 1009:built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca." The 906:asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to 9641:Every year, from the eighth to the twelfth day of 5983: 5743: 5495: 5367:Wright, Lyn; Kramer, John; Fusco, Angela. (2012), 4745: 3283: 1584:64 AH (Sunday 31 October 683 CE), during the 5409: 5366: 5029:) that he said: Three stones were sent down from 3250: 3242:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWensinckJomier1978 ( 3070:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWensinckJomier1978 ( 2982:sfn error: no target: CITEREFWensinckJomier1978 ( 935:and Christian Robin, Hubal was only venerated by 616:, the Kaaba is mentioned by the following names: 10197: 8423:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 7011:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 5746:Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D. to 1258 A.D. 5186:. London: The British Museum. pp. 176–178. 4997:. Khaleej Times. 9 November 2009. Archived from 4850: 4848: 3023: 3021: 1422:is said to have taken him from the Kaaba to the 1247:, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called 114:President of the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques 9883: 4805: 3815: 2480:Pilgrims perform Tawaf around the Kaaba during 2303:Sultan Barsbay inscription on the slab in Kaaba 2265:, except for one which is written in prominent 1236: 1020: 575:Verhandeling van de godsdienst der Mahometaanen 5874: 5343:تاريخ الكعبة المعظمة: عمارتها وكسوتها وسدانتها 4888: 4886: 4815:, translated by Shehzad Saleem, archived from 4767: 4765: 4381: 4306: 3883: 3597: 3595: 3237: 3065: 2977: 965:Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a 706:'The Ancient House') in 22:29 by Allah 9869: 9615: 5969: 5118: 5116: 4845: 4192: 4190: 3848: 3505:When Muhammad ordered his men to cleanse the 3435:. Princeton University Press. pp. 45–62. 3401: 3018: 2587:(greeting ṭawāf) is performed after entering 612:. In the Qur'an, from the era of the life of 6083:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 4665: 4255:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 63, 123, 83, 295. 3854: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 2792:where Muhammad is believed to have been born 2027:'The Yemeni Corner'), also known as 1702: 1029:The Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram depicted on a 689:'The Sacred House') in 5:97 by Allah 476:(obligatory) rite for the completion of the 418:, Muslims faced in the general direction of 44: 5838: 5252: 5175: 4955: 4953: 4883: 4771: 4762: 4727: 4610: 4594: 4537: 4227:The Beginning of History, Volume 3, Sect.10 3877: 3592: 3430: 3084: 2941: 2390:, and is often called by names such as the 1619:The Kaaba was bombarded with stones in the 1576:The Kaaba during an expansion phase in 2013 701: 684: 667: 650: 518: 382: 26:"Kaab" redirects here. For other uses, see 9876: 9862: 9622: 9608: 8441:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 7755:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 7557:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 6935:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 5976: 5962: 5898:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 5228:(Illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 5113: 4187: 3395: 3222:"Kaaba: Meaning, History and Significance" 61: 6302: 5906:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 317–322. 5875:Wensinck, A. J. & Jomier, J. (1978). 5791: 5738: 5687: 5663: 5339: 5125:Hajj : journey to the heart of Islam 4659: 4521: 4434: 4397:: 1–60, pp. 42–43, n. 200. Archived from 4282: 3757: 3732: 3720: 3666: 3651: 3639: 3562:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3493:. Stanford University Press. p. 47. 3439: 3339: 3027: 2257:Written marble documents inside the Kaaba 1934:and the Kaaba was originally part of the 1901:to protect the foundation from rainwater. 5522: 5439: 5320: 5097:. Al-Islaah Publications. Archived from 4964:. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 4959: 4950: 4854: 4671: 2487: 2469: 2377: 2331: 2298: 1771: 1763: 1571: 1559: 1377: 1275: 1024: 1005:) states that Ismail and his eldest son 942: 883:); in her lap, her son Isa sat adorned." 737: 564: 5764: 5493: 5321:Alsheerf, Prof Adnan (1 January 2011). 5059: 4981: 4743: 4626: 3773:The Asatir: the Samaritan book of Moses 3683:. Oxford University Press USA. p. 1897:) and was added in 1627 along with the 1632:structure have not changed since then. 1623:, in which the Umayyad army was led by 344:, is a stone building at the center of 10198: 7265:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 7151:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 6955: 5944:SA's Official Live Webcam of the Kaaba 5487: 5444:. Islamic Publications International. 5389:The Basis for the Building Work of God 5181: 5155: 5122: 4892: 4497:"The Prophet of Islam – His Biography" 4488: 4364: 3769: 3707:Imoti, Eiichi. "The Ka'ba-i Zardušt", 3601: 3555: 2452:'The Sacred House of Allah'). 1604:. 'Abdullah rebuilt it to include the 1386:is seen through a portal in the Kaaba. 1317: 1177:: Volume 4, Book 55, Hadith Number 585 848:I have heard that there was set up in 748:. Muhammad is shown with veiled face, 638:'the house') in 2:125 by Allah 9857: 9603: 9033: 8621:Events, incidents, occasions or times 8619: 8008: 7344: 7000:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 6954: 6728:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 6509: 6009: 5996: 5957: 5711: 5464: 5346:(in Arabic). مكتبة الثقافة الدينية،. 5340:Bāsalāmah, Ḥusayn ʻAbd Allāh (2000). 5073:"'House of God' Kaaba gets new cloth" 4758:from the original on 11 January 2022. 4294: 4218:The Treasury of literature, Sect. 437 4074: 4005: 3937: 3864:Central Conference of American Rabbis 3789: 3354: 3289: 3256: 2950: 2875: 1938:, and is thus not entered during the 655:'My House') in 22:26 by Allah 175:Location of the Kaaba in Saudi Arabia 8952:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 7431:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 5413:World Faiths, teach yourself – Islam 5149: 4744:Selwood, Dominic (31 October 2017). 4449: 3778:Ishmaelites built Mecca (Baka, Bakh) 3456: 3270:"Ottomans : religious painting" 2996: 2952:[al.ˈkaʕ.ba‿l.mu.ˈʃar.ra.fa] 1735:-like objects (possible lanterns or 1457:. According to reports collected by 1406:final place with his own hands. The 1346: 1286:representing the Kaaba, 17th century 1150:states that the Kaaba was the first 852:(referring to the Kaaba) a picture ( 838:and smashed into several fragments. 5949:Former door of the Kaaba (ca. 1635) 5809:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5778:. Vol. 3: J-O. pp. 75–80. 5724:. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias. 5562:"Kaaba a house built under the Sun" 5465:Denny, Frederick Mathewson (2010). 4627:Lapidus, Ira M. (13 October 2014). 4495:University of Southern California. 4347: 2927: 2849: 2713: 2700:, the first month. The keys to the 2662: 2508: 2430: 2399: 2363: 2318: 2314:The inscription on the slab reads: 2097: 2051: 2005: 1894: 1831: 1793: 1564:Textile cover of the Kaaba (called 857: 696: 679: 662: 645: 628: 605: 504: 458: 392: 387:'House of God') and is the 377: 302:11.03 m (36 ft 2 in) 294:12.86 m (42 ft 2 in) 45: 13: 5869:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture 5718:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 5574: 5559: 5416:, Hodder & Stoughton, p. 5035:the rock of the children of Israel 4962:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture 4893:Murphy, David (18 November 2008). 4526:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4100: 4032: 3963: 3794:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 3792:Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts' 3315:Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan (1994). 1776:Rukn al-Yamani (The Yemeni Corner) 1756: 1262:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 310:13.1 m (43 ft 0 in) 14: 10222: 8977:('Before the rising of the Sun') 5925: 5670:Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths 5635:"This is how the Kaaba is washed" 5577:Muhammad and the Origins of Islam 5371:, National Film Board of Canada, 4677:The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography 4553:, p. 245. Rowman Altamira, 2001. 4177:"A history of the Al Asqa Mosque" 3746:Muhammad and the origins of Islam 1520: 1373: 1335:This is an early record from the 742:"Muhammad at the Ka'ba" from the 206:Show map of West and Central Asia 9969: 9964: 9710: 9144:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 7580:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 5627: 5601: 5583: 5568: 5553: 5523:Al-Nahee, Owed Abdullah (2016). 5516: 5458: 5433: 5403: 5394: 5382: 5360: 5333: 5314: 5289: 5275: 5246: 5217: 5208: 5184:The Hajj : collected essays 4439:. The Darwin Press. p. 187. 3556:Burton, Richard Francis (2009). 3133:General Authority for Statistics 3126:"Umrah Statistics Bulletin 2018" 2763: 2749: 2649:to be a part of good etiquette. 2238: 2222: 2202: 2186: 1546: 1529: 1508:, Akhbar Mecca: History of Mecca 1465:, Muhammad spared a painting of 984:tribe. The idol was made of red 596:The literal meaning of the word 194: 187: 166: 159: 8786:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 8191:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 7547:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 6221:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 5657: 5442:HAJJ: Reflection on Its Rituals 5087: 5065: 5013: 4987: 4919: 4831: 4799: 4737: 4653: 4620: 4563: 4543: 4515: 4462: 4443: 4428: 4416: 4375: 4358: 4341: 4300: 4239: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4169: 4152: 4135: 4119: 4093: 4067: 4025: 3998: 3956: 3930: 3802: 3783: 3763: 3738: 3701: 3679:Christian Julien Robin (2012). 3672: 3645: 3549: 3514: 3424: 3348: 3333: 3308: 3295: 3262: 3214: 3185: 3156: 3147: 3118: 3090: 2997:Butt, Riazat (15 August 2011). 2801:List of mosques in Saudi Arabia 2674:Tanzif al-Ka'bat al-Musharrafah 2629: 2421:'House of Allah'). and 2073:'The Levantine Corner') 1635:During the Hajj of 930 CE, the 1233:, in pre-Islamic Arab culture. 795:, there were also paintings of 726:", signifying a temple. Author 10096:Tomb of Ali ibn Hamzah, Shiraz 8090:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 7983:at the time of Abraham and Lot 7447:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 7114:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 6606:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 6010: 5997: 5297:"بدائع الزهور في وقائع الدهور" 5156:Ghazal, Rym (28 August 2014). 5095:"The Kiswa – (Kaaba Covering)" 4861:(in French). Éditions Perrin. 4812:The Rituals of Hajj and ‘Umrah 4679:. Paulist Press. p. 190. 4631:. Cambridge University Press. 4629:A history of Islamic societies 4200:. Al Arabiya. 26 December 2018 4075:Pickthall, Muhammad M. (ed.). 4006:Pickthall, Muhammad M. (ed.). 3938:Pickthall, Muhammad M. (ed.). 3884:Dyrness, W. A. (29 May 2013). 3098:"In pictures: Hajj pilgrimage" 3031:Akhbar Mecca: History of Mecca 2990: 2920: 2894: 2839: 2813: 2292:, two of the slabs pertain to 1653:, where it remained until the 1290:Based on an earlier report by 952:of al-Abalat (near modern-day 890:Akhbar Mecca: History of Mecca 587:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia 1: 10106:Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn 8009: 5750:. Aldine Publishing Company. 4437:Seeing Islam as others saw it 3936:An alternative version is in 2961: 2946:'the Honored Ka'ba', 2574:The five types of ṭawāf are: 2336:The Circassian Sultan Barsbay 1687:The Kaaba is depicted on the 1364: 1156:on Earth, and the second was 749: 733: 203:Kaaba (West and Central Asia) 195: 167: 8882:(The Afternoon or the Night) 8780:12 months: Four holy months 8332:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 7925:(s) or People of the Injil) 7263:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 6792:names and titles of Muhammad 6510: 6037:found in the Quran, such as 5823:Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996). 5494:Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996). 5224:Clive L. N. Ruggles (2005). 4855:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017). 3340:Bowersock, Glen. W. (2017). 1657:ransomed it in 952 CE. 1621:second siege of Mecca in 692 1426:and heavenwards from there. 1237:Ptolemy and Diodorus Siculus 1033:, 16th or early 17th century 1021:According to Islamic opinion 919:, in his translation of the 591: 7: 9885:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 8651:(Flood of the Great Dam of 6972:Adam's immediate relatives 5775:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān 5697:. Random House Publishing. 5075:. The Age Company Ltd. 2003 4867:10.3917/perri.lenao.2017.01 4435:Robert G., Hoyland (1997). 4371:. Book 5. pp. 223–224. 3748:, SUNY Press, 1994, p. 109. 2935: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2860: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2742: 2673: 2652: 2617:(ṭawāf of compensation) or 2530:in Islam) seven times in a 2441: 2410: 2108: 2062: 2016: 1842: 1804: 1586:first siege of Mecca in 683 1473:, and a fresco of Ibrahim. 1305: 1217: 1193: 1185: 1152: 1138: 1114: 1106: 868: 543: 1439 (2017/2018 512: 466: 340:, sometimes referred to as 51: 10: 10227: 10116:Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd 8858:('Remembrance', including 8504:(literally 'The Barrier') 7532:('Companions of the Wood') 7421:Companions of the Elephant 7370:People of the Burnt Garden 7345: 6734:('Companion of the Whale') 6330:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 5840:Mubarakpuri, Safiur Rahman 5825:Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z 5537:10.1142/9781783269150_0002 5498:Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z 5410:Ruqaiyyah Maqsood (1994), 5033:: the Station of Ibrahim, 4783:An Introduction to History 4773:Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman 3790:Crown, Alan David (2001). 3303:In the Shadow of the Sword 3238:Wensinck & Jomier 1978 3066:Wensinck & Jomier 1978 2978:Wensinck & Jomier 1978 2688:, the eighth month of the 2633: 2591:at any other times and is 2459: 1711:-shaped structure made of 584: 554: 550: 533:Ministry of Hajj and Umrah 25: 18: 10175: 10157: 10124: 10091:Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar 10046: 9978: 9962: 9891: 9842: 9821: 9790: 9719: 9708: 9650: 9639: 9587: 9546: 9474: 9397: 9358: 9307: 9273: 9237: 9210: 9132: 9125:('Mother of the Book(s)') 9040: 9034: 9029: 8995: 8829: 8800: 8769: 8751:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 8729: 8677: 8673: 8626: 8615: 8476: 8365: 8312: 8252: 8097: 8045:, literally 'The Garden') 8015: 8004: 7934:Qissis (Christian priest) 7850: 7786: 7713: 7637: 7468: 7355: 7351: 7340: 7272: 7208: 7139: 7078: 6965: 6961: 6950: 6909: 6860: 6763: 6522: 6518: 6505: 6468: 6425: 6380: 6232: 6163: 6061: 6054: 6050: 6016: 6005: 5992: 5984:People and things in the 5867:Peterson, Andrew (1997). 4960:Peterson, Andrew (1996). 4947:. Accessed 24 March 2009. 4936:. Banknotes & Coins: 4551:New Encyclopedia of Islam 4348:Siculus, Diodorus. "44". 3406:. Brill Archive. p. 3373:10.1017/S0041977X0700002X 3135:. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1703:Architecture and interior 1415:Hijr Ismail حجر اسماعيل. 730:disputes this etymology. 580: 569:View of the Kaaba, 1718. 453:'s command. Circling the 314: 306: 298: 290: 285: 275: 267: 262: 223: 215: 153: 128: 123: 109: 99: 89: 77: 72: 67:The Kaaba in October 2022 60: 42: 37: 10111:Imamzade Hossein, Qazvin 9629: 7981:Mesopotamian polytheists 7929:Ruhban (Christian monks) 7803:(People of the Verandah) 7680:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 7483:(literally 'The Romans') 7403:Companions of Noah's Ark 7320:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 7249:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 7169:Magicians of the Pharaoh 7071:(Muhammad's adopted son) 6363:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 6147:(fish or whale) of Jonah 5467:An Introduction to Islam 5391:p. 37, Witness Lee, 2003 5369:Dad's house, mom's house 3892:Publishers. p. 25. 3568:10.1017/cbo9781139162302 3355:Crone, Patricia (2007). 2928:ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة 2903:al-Kaʻbah al-Musharrafah 2806: 2455: 2229:The Station of Ibrahim ( 2217:) notes in Saudi Arabia. 1948:, the roughly 2 m ( 1912:) and also known as the 1874:, commonly shortened to 1629:'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 1536:Photographed in 1880 by 1310:Christian church father 1229:, whose God was that of 826:During its history, the 449:) and Ismail there upon 178:Show map of Saudi Arabia 43: 10139:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque 10101:Tomb of Hassan Modarres 10086:Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza 9464:Forbidden fruit of Adam 8934:('Decline of the Sun') 8822:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 8552:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 7977:at the time of Muhammad 7951:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 7408:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 7304:the companion of Joshua 6138:(female ant) of Solomon 4932:3 February 2021 at the 4571:"Surah Al-Isra - 1-111" 4382:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 4365:Gibbon, Edward (1862). 4307:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 3812:, London (1927), p. 160 3576:2027/coo.31924062544543 3305:; Little, Brown; p. 303 2796:List of largest mosques 2081:, is the corner of the 2035:, is the corner of the 1969:The Station of Ibrahim 1598:'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr 1292:Agatharchides of Cnidus 710:According to historian 247:21.422500°N 39.826167°E 10134:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque 10081:Bibi Shahr Banu Shrine 10076:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine 9076:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 9068:(The Book of Muhammad) 8578:Cave of Seven Sleepers 8401:, literally 'Place of 8289:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 7665:Companions of the Rass 7566:Companions of Muhammad 7412:Companions of the Cave 6347:Angel of the Trumpet ( 5827:. Amana Publications. 5694:Islam: A Short History 5440:Shariati, Ali (2005). 4926:"Central Bank of Iran" 4717:. The Grolier Society. 4711:; et al. (1915). 4705:Petrie, W. M. Flinders 4522:Guillaume, A. (1955). 4322:: 1–60. Archived from 4099:Another version is in 4073:Another version is in 4031:Another version is in 4004:Another version is in 3962:Another version is in 3770:Gaster, Moses (1927). 3602:Peters, F. E. (1994). 3402:Caʻfer Efendi (1987). 2546:. To be in a state of 2497: 2485: 2375: 2367: 2359:The inscription reads: 2337: 2330: 2322: 2304: 2197:, "Door of Repentance" 1855:Ahmad bin Ibrahim Badr 1777: 1769: 1761: 1577: 1569: 1511: 1493: 1387: 1358: 1333: 1287: 1171: 1095: 1080: 1064: 1034: 948: 899:Islam: A Short History 894: 783:tribes throughout the 756: 577: 368:. It is considered by 342:al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa 225:Geographic coordinates 118:Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais 10149:Uwais al-Qarni Mosque 10061:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 9931:Great Mosque of Mecca 9808:Miqat Dhu al-Hulayfah 9798:Great Mosque of Mecca 9317:(literally 'lamps'): 9230:statue) of Israelites 9163:(Casket of Shekhinah) 8665:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 8512:(Black Stone) & 8292:('The Blessed Place') 7760:Daughters of Muhammad 7750:Household of Muhammad 7726:Household of Abraham 7574:(literally 'Helpers') 7029:Disciples (including 6689:the son of Zechariah) 6278:(Honourable Scribes) 6266:Bearers of the Throne 5805:]. Translated by 4839:"History of the Kaba" 4351:Bibliotheca Historica 4101:Shakir, M. H. (ed.). 4033:Shakir, M. H. (ed.). 3964:Shakir, M. H. (ed.). 3301:Holland, Tom (2012). 3201:Islamic Foundation UK 3172:Islamic Foundation UK 2948:Arabic pronunciation: 2915:al-kaʿba al-mušarrafa 2909:al-Kaʿba al-Mušarrafa 2873:Arabic pronunciation: 2613:(ṭawāf of visiting), 2491: 2479: 2460:Further information: 2388:holiest site in Islam 2378:Significance in Islam 2371: 2369:Which translates to: 2361: 2335: 2326: 2316: 2302: 2155:and supplications to 1775: 1767: 1760: 1575: 1563: 1497: 1490:, Book 59, Hadith 583 1475: 1444:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 1381: 1354: 1328: 1279: 1244:Encyclopedia of Islam 1163: 1081: 1065: 1043: 1028: 946: 846: 741: 585:Further information: 568: 134:Great Mosque of Mecca 28:Kaab (disambiguation) 21:Kaba (disambiguation) 10023:Great Mosque of Kufa 9097:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 8975:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 8692:('the Confederates') 8680:military expeditions 8455:The Prophet's Mosque 8413:('The Sacred Grove') 8209:(Station of Abraham) 8024:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 7700:('Companions of the 7499:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 7491:(Children of Israel) 7186:Moses' sister-in-law 7165:, who adopted Moses) 7108:, Qatafir or Qittin) 7087:Brothers (including 6833:He who spoke to God) 6156:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 6128:sleepers of the cave 6096:) of the Abyssinians 5845:Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum 5803:The Life of Muhammad 5740:Grunebaum, G. E. von 5253:Dick Teresi (2003). 5039:the children of Adam 5001:on 30 September 2012 4943:9 March 2022 at the 4707:; Helmolt, Hans F.; 4524:The Life of Muhammad 4384:"Mecca and Macoraba" 4309:"Mecca and Macoraba" 2936:al-Kaʿba l-Mušarrafa 2877:[al.ˈkaʕ.ba] 2719:The Governor of the 2663:تنظيف الكعبة المشرفة 2522:and Umrah. Pilgrims 2271:Fahd of Saudi Arabia 1647:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi 976:and was the king of 663:بَيْتِكَ ٱلْمُحَرَّم 539:in the Islamic year 491:, except the 9th of 426:verse revelation to 252:21.422500; 39.826167 10038:Al-Kadhimiya Mosque 9921:Masjid al-Qiblatayn 9901:al-Masjid al-Nabawi 8716:Expedition of Tabuk 8660:Farewell Pilgrimage 8410:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 8329:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 8148:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 8123:Iram of the Pillars 7426:People of al-Ukhdūd 7378:(Companions of the 6837:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 6104:Domesticated donkey 6074:(cow) of Israelites 5793:Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad 5783:Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi 5575:Peters, Francis E. 5502:. Mamdouh Mohamed. 4807:Javed Ahmad Ghamidi 4709:Lee-Warner, William 4450:Juan, Cole (2020). 4404:on 17 November 2018 4329:on 17 November 2018 4297:, pp. 134–137. 3744:Francis E. Peters, 3404:Risāle-i Miʻmāriyye 2871:'the Cube' 2779:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 2771:Saudi Arabia portal 2696:and on the 15th of 2442:Bayt Allah il-Haram 2423:Bayt Allah al-Haram 2324:This translates to: 2213:(approximately 133 1987:cardinal directions 1908:(also romanized as 1625:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf 1484:Muhammad al-Bukhari 1318:Khuzistan Chronicle 1257:G. E. von Grunebaum 1223:Abrahamic religions 243: / 10008:Imam Husayn Shrine 9998:Al-Hannanah Mosque 9951:Mina, Saudi Arabia 9171:Trumpet of Israfil 8917:('The Late-Night') 8784:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 8530:(Cave of the Bull) 8515:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 8427:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 8119:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 8104:(excluding Madyan) 8027:('The Holy Land') 7975:Meccan polytheists 7913:People of the Book 7771:Household of Salih 7746:Household of Moses 7694:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 7395:Disciples of Jesus 7367:People of Paradise 7159:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 7048:People of Solomon 7008:People of Abraham 6988:Believer of Ya-Sin 6956:People of Prophets 6654:(Jethro, Reuel or 6461:('Rebellious one') 6185:Beast of the Earth 5937:1 May 2009 at the 5871:London: Routledge. 5639:Al Arabiya English 5531:. pp. 13–24. 4897:. Bloomsbury USA. 4272:on 2 October 2015. 3855:Mustafa Abu Sway. 3760:, pp. 221–22. 3028:Al-Azraqi (2003). 2589:al-Masjid al-Haram 2498: 2492:The Kaaba and the 2486: 2354:Al-Masjid Al-Haram 2338: 2305: 2294:Circassian sultans 2290:Al-Masjid al-Haram 2278:Circassian sultans 2174:and the sunset of 1778: 1770: 1762: 1610:hadith collections 1578: 1570: 1388: 1337:Rashidun caliphate 1288: 1035: 949: 757: 697:ٱلْبَيْت ٱلْعَتِيق 680:ٱلْبَيْت ٱلْحَرَام 659:Baytik al-Muḥarram 578: 557:Pre-Islamic Arabia 348:'s most important 10193: 10192: 10028:Maytham al-Tammar 9926:The Seven Mosques 9906:al-Baqi' Cemetery 9851: 9850: 9597: 9596: 9583: 9582: 9556:(Water or fluid) 9542: 9541: 9529:Sidrat al-Muntahā 9373:(Garlic or wheat) 9303: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9025: 9024: 9021: 9020: 8967:('The Afternoon') 8958:('The Afternoon') 8888:('The Mornings') 8721:Conquest of Mecca 8706:Battle of Khaybar 8642:Event of Mubahala 8638:(Night of Decree) 8611: 8610: 8566:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 8509:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 8472: 8471: 8464:Salat (Synagogue) 8417:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 8268:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 8101:Arabian Peninsula 8076:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 8000: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7730:Brothers of Yūsuf 7601:Children of Ayyub 7594:Wife of Abu Lahab 7552:People of Fir'aun 7543:(People of Jonah) 7517:People of Shuaib 7503:People of Ibrahim 7436:People of Yathrib 7336: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7311:Nebuchadnezzar II 7204: 7203: 6946: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6905: 6904: 6774:and Strong Will') 6501: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6376: 6375: 6316:(Gabriel, chief) 6228: 6227: 5863:on 24 March 2018. 5850:The Sealed Nectar 5807:Guillaume, Alfred 5798:Sirat Rasul Allah 5786:The book of Idols 5757:978-0-202-30767-1 5673:. HarperCollins. 5641:. 17 October 2016 5546:978-1-78326-914-3 5353:978-977-5250-63-6 5268:978-0-7432-4379-7 5239:978-1-85109-477-6 5193:978-0-86159-193-0 5134:978-0-674-06218-4 5027:peace be upon him 4904:978-1-84603-339-1 4876:978-2-262-07083-0 4673:Rogerson, Barnaby 4391:Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā 4316:Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā 4127:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 3585:978-1-139-16230-2 3106:. 7 December 2008 2945: 2933: 2870: 2858: 2683: 2671: 2517: 2496:during Hajj, 2008 2477: 2451: 2439: 2420: 2408: 2118: 2109:ar-Rukn al-'Iraqi 2106: 2072: 2063:ar-Rukn ash-Shami 2060: 2026: 2017:ar-Rukn al-Yamani 2014: 1852: 1840: 1814: 1805:al-Hajar al-Aswad 1802: 1673:Great Arab Revolt 1671:had launched the 1398:Sirat Rasūl Allāh 1347:Rock inscriptions 1134:Ali ibn Abi Talib 956:). Grunebaum, in 878: 866: 815:) and his mother 805:divination arrows 793:conquest of Mecca 785:Arabian Peninsula 773:Islamic cosmology 705: 688: 671: 654: 637: 522: 510: 464: 386: 334: 333: 10218: 10144:Al-Nuqtah Mosque 10056:Imam Reza shrine 10018:Al-Askari Shrine 9993:Al-Sahlah Mosque 9973: 9968: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9855: 9854: 9803:Prophet's Mosque 9714: 9624: 9617: 9610: 9601: 9600: 9483:Plants of Sheba 9395: 9394: 9238:Of Noah's people 9208: 9207: 9176: 9175: 9167:Throne of Bilqis 9160:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 9101:Tablets of Stone 9031: 9030: 9014:First Pilgrimage 8830:Times for prayer 8773:Islamic calendar 8701:Battle of Hunayn 8675: 8674: 8617: 8616: 8556:Bayt al-Muqaddas 8095: 8094: 8006: 8005: 7765:Muhammad's wives 7740:Progeny of Imran 7622:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 7524:People of Madyan 7466: 7465: 7455: 7454: 7353: 7352: 7342: 7341: 7076: 7075: 7042:Zechariah's wife 7026:People of Jesus 7015:Ishmael's mother 6963: 6962: 6952: 6951: 6761: 6760: 6702:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 6687:John the Baptist 6520: 6519: 6507: 6506: 6300: 6299: 6294:Munkar and Nakir 6059: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6007: 6006: 5994: 5993: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5955: 5954: 5915: 5864: 5862: 5855: 5820: 5779: 5761: 5749: 5735: 5723: 5708: 5689:Armstrong, Karen 5684: 5665:Armstrong, Karen 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5611:. Archived from 5605: 5599: 5598: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5501: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5480:978-0-13814477-7 5462: 5456: 5455: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5283:"The Holy Kaaba" 5279: 5273: 5272: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5120: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5048: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4957: 4948: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4858:Djihad 1914-1918 4852: 4843: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4820: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4749: 4741: 4735: 4728:Mubarakpuri 1976 4725: 4719: 4718: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4624: 4618: 4611:Mubarakpuri 1976 4608: 4602: 4595:Mubarakpuri 1976 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4567: 4561: 4547: 4541: 4538:Mubarakpuri 1976 4535: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4499:. Archived from 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4476:. 22 August 2018 4474:Informed Comment 4466: 4460: 4459: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4432: 4426: 4425:, book 6, ch. 11 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4403: 4388: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4313: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4265:. Archived from 4254: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4181:Arab World Books 4173: 4167: 4160:Sahih al-Bukhari 4156: 4150: 4143:Sahih al-Bukhari 4139: 4133: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4109: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4071: 4065: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4002: 3996: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3934: 3928: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3873:on 28 July 2011. 3872: 3866:. Archived from 3861: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3819: 3813: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3676: 3670: 3669:, pp. 88–9. 3664: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3486: 3475: 3474: 3454: 3437: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3130: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3094: 3088: 3085:Mubarakpuri 1976 3082: 3076: 3075: 3063: 3046: 3045: 3025: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2975: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2932:romanized: 2931: 2929: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2898: 2892: 2879: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2817: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2715: 2704:are held by the 2690:Islamic calendar 2678: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2615:Ṭawāf al-'Ifāḍah 2611:Ṭawāf az-Zīyārah 2585:Ṭawāf aṭ-Ṭaḥīyah 2532:counterclockwise 2528:most sacred site 2512: 2510: 2478: 2446: 2444: 2434: 2432: 2415: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2365: 2320: 2287: 2283: 2242: 2226: 2206: 2190: 2113: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2067: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1896: 1847: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1809: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1550: 1533: 1509: 1491: 1488:Sahih al-Bukhari 1369: 1366: 1296:Diodorus Siculus 1220: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1178: 1175:Sahih al-Bukhari 1155: 1148:Sahih al-Bukhari 1141: 1119: 1111: 1100:, in his famous 1093: 1078: 1062: 1039:House of Worship 1031:talismanic shirt 929:Circumambulation 917:Alfred Guillaume 892: 873: 871: 861: 859: 754: 751: 703: 700: 698: 693:al-Bayt al-ʿAtīq 686: 683: 681: 676:al-Bayt al-Ḥarām 669: 666: 664: 652: 649: 647: 632: 630: 607: 520: 517: 515: 509:romanized: 508: 506: 469: 463:romanized: 462: 460: 394: 384: 381: 379: 276:Date established 258: 257: 255: 254: 253: 248: 244: 241: 240: 239: 236: 207: 198: 197: 191: 179: 170: 169: 163: 137: 65: 54: 48: 47: 35: 34: 10226: 10225: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10189: 10171: 10153: 10120: 10066:Jamkaran Mosque 10042: 10013:Al Abbas Mosque 9988:Imam Ali Shrine 9974: 9960: 9887: 9882: 9852: 9847: 9838: 9817: 9786: 9774:Tawaf al-Ifadah 9760:Rami al-Jamarat 9715: 9706: 9682:Masjid 'A'ishah 9646: 9635: 9628: 9598: 9593: 9579: 9538: 9476: 9470: 9393: 9354: 9309: 9295: 9269: 9233: 9206: 9180: 9179:Mentioned idols 9174: 9136: 9134: 9128: 9073:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 9036: 9017: 9008:Laylat al-Mabit 8991: 8943:('The Evening') 8932:Dulūk ash-Shams 8900:('The Morning') 8894:('The Morning') 8831: 8825: 8796: 8771: 8765: 8754:Days of battles 8725: 8679: 8669: 8630:Incident of Ifk 8622: 8607: 8598:Palestine River 8468: 8437:Masjid al-Dirar 8367: 8361: 8308: 8256: 8248: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8030:'Blessed' Land' 8011: 7988: 7852: 7846: 7827:Umayyad Dynasty 7788: 7774: 7735:Lot's daughters 7719: 7718:('People of the 7717: 7709: 7661:(people of Hud) 7647: 7633: 7625:(Gog and Magog) 7508:People of Ilyas 7461: 7459: 7453: 7386:Jesus' apostles 7363:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 7347: 7328: 7274: 7268: 7232:of Moses' time) 7200: 7176:Wise, pious man 7163:Wife of Pharaoh 7155:Imraʾat Firʿawn 7142:Aaron and Moses 7141: 7135: 7091:(Benjamin) and 7080: 7074: 6992:Family of Noah 6957: 6938: 6901: 6856: 6827:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 6773: 6771: 6769: 6759: 6685:ibn Zakariyyā ( 6514: 6493: 6464: 6421: 6372: 6334:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 6324:('The Spirit') 6298: 6276:Kirāman Kātibīn 6271:Harut and Marut 6248:Angels of Hell 6224: 6159: 6046: 6012: 6001: 5988: 5982: 5939:Wayback Machine 5928: 5893:Bosworth, C. E. 5860: 5853: 5817: 5758: 5732: 5721: 5713:Crone, Patricia 5705: 5681: 5660: 5655: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5573: 5569: 5558: 5554: 5547: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5251: 5247: 5240: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5194: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5154: 5150: 5135: 5121: 5114: 5104: 5102: 5101:on 22 July 2003 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5051: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4980: 4973: 4958: 4951: 4945:Wayback Machine 4934:Wayback Machine 4924: 4920: 4905: 4891: 4884: 4877: 4853: 4846: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4819:on 7 March 2010 4804: 4800: 4793: 4770: 4763: 4742: 4738: 4726: 4722: 4702: 4698: 4687: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4639: 4625: 4621: 4609: 4605: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4503:on 21 July 2006 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4448: 4444: 4433: 4429: 4423:Adversus Gentes 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4363: 4359: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4263: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4157: 4153: 4140: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4107: 4105: 4098: 4094: 4081: 4079: 4072: 4068: 4056: 4052: 4039: 4037: 4030: 4026: 4012: 4010: 4003: 3999: 3987: 3983: 3970: 3968: 3961: 3957: 3944: 3942: 3935: 3931: 3919: 3915: 3900: 3888:. Vol. 7. 3882: 3878: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3834: 3820: 3816: 3807: 3803: 3788: 3784: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3631: 3616: 3600: 3593: 3586: 3554: 3550: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3501: 3487: 3478: 3455: 3440: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3400: 3396: 3353: 3349: 3338: 3334: 3327: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3236: 3229: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3191: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3064: 3049: 3042: 3034:. p. 262. 3026: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2947: 2925: 2921: 2899: 2895: 2880:, also spelled 2872: 2844: 2840: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2721:Makkah Province 2655: 2638: 2632: 2599:Ṭawāf al-'Umrah 2526:the Kaaba (the 2494:Masjid Al-Haram 2470: 2468: 2458: 2431:بيت الله الحرام 2380: 2285: 2281: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2247:Mīzāb al-Raḥmah 2243: 2234: 2227: 2218: 2207: 2198: 2191: 2176:winter solstice 2172:summer solstice 1958: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1899:Mīzāb ar-Raḥmah 1871:Mīzāb ar-Raḥmah 1748:stainless steel 1707:The Kaaba is a 1705: 1677:Battle of Mecca 1669:Hussein bin Ali 1667:In 1916, after 1558: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1534: 1523: 1515:Hujjat ul-Wada' 1510: 1504: 1492: 1482: 1451:conquered Mecca 1376: 1367: 1349: 1320: 1308: 1241:Writing in the 1239: 1182: 1180: 1173: 1094: 1087: 1079: 1072: 1063: 1049: 1023: 958:Classical Islam 904:Karen Armstrong 893: 887: 752: 736: 594: 589: 583: 563: 553: 495:, known as the 395:, direction of 358:Masjid al-Haram 280:Pre-Islamic era 251: 249: 245: 242: 237: 234: 232: 230: 229: 211: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 199: 182: 181: 180: 177: 176: 173: 172: 171: 138: 132: 68: 56: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10224: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10187: 10181: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10169: 10167:Al-Nabi Shayth 10163: 10161: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10130: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10052: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10003:Wadi-us-Salaam 10000: 9995: 9990: 9984: 9982: 9976: 9975: 9963: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9941:Safa and Marwa 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9897: 9895: 9889: 9888: 9881: 9880: 9873: 9866: 9858: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9834:Road to Makkah 9831: 9825: 9823: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9794: 9792: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9784: 9777: 9770: 9763: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9739:Safa and Marwa 9736: 9731: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9716: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9691:Qarnul-Manazil 9688: 9679: 9677:Dhu'l-Hulayfah 9674: 9662: 9654: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9627: 9626: 9619: 9612: 9604: 9595: 9594: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9568:(River or sea) 9563: 9550: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9516: 9506: 9505: 9504: 9494: 9480: 9478: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9467: 9466: 9458: 9448: 9438: 9428: 9418: 9412: 9401: 9399: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9350: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9324: 9313: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9241: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9220: 9214: 9212: 9205: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9182: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9164: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9140: 9138: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9118: 9105: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9077: 9069: 9060: 9046: 9044: 9038: 9037: 9027: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9011: 9004: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8987: 8972: 8971: 8970: 8969: 8968: 8959: 8944: 8929: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8908:('The Night') 8903: 8902: 8901: 8895: 8883: 8864:('Praising'), 8835: 8833: 8832:or remembrance 8827: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8743: 8733: 8731: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8711:Battle of Uhud 8708: 8703: 8698: 8696:Battle of Badr 8693: 8683: 8681: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8656: 8644: 8639: 8635:Laylat al-Qadr 8631: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8613: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8599: 8596: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8562: 8553: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8527:Ghār ath-Thawr 8523: 8518: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8480: 8478: 8474: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8466: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8457: 8452: 8439: 8434: 8424: 8414: 8392: 8387: 8380: 8371: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8350:('Township of 8345: 8335: 8334: 8333: 8319: 8317: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8294: 8293: 8278:Al-Wādil-Ayman 8272:Valley of Tuwa 8260: 8258: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8246: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8213:Safa and Marwa 8210: 8202: 8192: 8183: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8150: 8141: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8107: 8105: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8078: 8073: 8063: 8061:Door of Hittah 8058: 8046: 8033: 8032: 8031: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8012: 8002: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7984: 7978: 7967: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7896: 7884: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7864: 7861:Ahl al-Dhimmah 7856: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7838: 7829: 7824: 7822:Iranian people 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7723: 7721: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7689: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7667: 7662: 7655: 7653: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7626: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7581: 7575: 7562:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 7554: 7549: 7544: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7530:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 7527: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7476: 7469: 7463: 7452: 7451: 7450:Nation of Noah 7448: 7442: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7405: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7383: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7368: 7359: 7357: 7349: 7348: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7305: 7302:Caleb or Kaleb 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7212: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7152: 7145: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7115: 7109: 7096: 7084: 7082: 7073: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7057:Queen of Sheba 7054: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7020:Isaac's mother 7017: 7012: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6990: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6969: 6967: 6959: 6958: 6948: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6933:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 6930: 6920: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6885: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6861:Debatable ones 6858: 6857: 6855: 6854: 6844: 6843:Friend of God) 6834: 6824: 6823: 6822: 6816: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6788: 6777: 6775: 6770:('Those of the 6758: 6757: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6729: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6690: 6680: 6669: 6659: 6649: 6644: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6617: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6557: 6547: 6537: 6526: 6524: 6516: 6515: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6484: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6454: 6438: 6436: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6412: 6404: 6397: 6389: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6364: 6356: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6331: 6328:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 6310: 6308: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6254: 6245: 6243: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6210: 6198: 6188: 6178: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6148: 6139: 6130: 6120: 6107: 6097: 6084: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6003: 6002: 5990: 5989: 5981: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5927: 5926:External links 5924: 5923: 5922: 5916: 5881:van Donzel, E. 5872: 5865: 5836: 5821: 5815: 5789: 5780: 5766:Hawting, G. R. 5762: 5756: 5736: 5730: 5709: 5703: 5685: 5679: 5659: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5626: 5615:on 7 July 2012 5600: 5582: 5567: 5560:Assasi, Reza. 5552: 5545: 5515: 5508: 5486: 5479: 5457: 5450: 5432: 5426: 5402: 5393: 5381: 5359: 5352: 5332: 5313: 5288: 5274: 5267: 5245: 5238: 5216: 5207: 5192: 5174: 5148: 5133: 5112: 5086: 5064: 5049: 5012: 4986: 4971: 4949: 4918: 4903: 4882: 4875: 4844: 4830: 4798: 4791: 4761: 4736: 4720: 4696: 4685: 4664: 4660:Ibn Ishaq 1955 4652: 4637: 4619: 4603: 4587: 4562: 4549:Cyril Glasse, 4542: 4530: 4514: 4487: 4461: 4442: 4427: 4415: 4374: 4357: 4340: 4299: 4287: 4283:Grunebaum 1970 4275: 4261: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4186: 4168: 4151: 4134: 4118: 4092: 4066: 4050: 4024: 3997: 3981: 3955: 3929: 3913: 3899:978-1620321362 3898: 3890:Wipf and Stock 3876: 3847: 3832: 3814: 3801: 3782: 3762: 3758:Armstrong 1997 3750: 3737: 3735:, p. 221. 3733:Armstrong 1997 3725: 3721:Grunebaum 1970 3713: 3700: 3693: 3671: 3667:Ibn Ishaq 1955 3656: 3652:Ibn Ishaq 1955 3644: 3640:Armstrong 2000 3629: 3614: 3591: 3584: 3548: 3533: 3513: 3499: 3476: 3438: 3423: 3416: 3394: 3347: 3332: 3326:978-9694081366 3325: 3307: 3294: 3282: 3261: 3249: 3240:, p. 318. 3227: 3213: 3184: 3155: 3146: 3117: 3089: 3077: 3068:, p. 317. 3047: 3040: 3017: 2989: 2980:, p. 319. 2966: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2919: 2893: 2838: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2785:Bayt al-Mawlid 2781: 2775: 2774: 2760: 2744: 2741: 2654: 2651: 2634:Main article: 2631: 2628: 2623: 2622: 2608: 2605:Ṭawāf al-Wadā' 2602: 2596: 2582: 2579:Ṭawāf al-Qudūm 2457: 2454: 2379: 2376: 2350:Sultan Qaitbay 2342:Sultan Qaitbay 2309:Sultan Barsbay 2263:Thuluth script 2258: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2219: 2208: 2201: 2199: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2120: 2090:Rukn al-'Iraqi 2086: 2077:also known as 2044:Rukn ush-Shami 2040: 1998:Rukn al-Yamani 1994: 1979: 1967: 1943: 1902: 1883: 1866: 1820: 1786:Ḥajar al-Aswad 1727:is performed. 1704: 1701: 1643:attacked Mecca 1552: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1538:Muhammad Sadiq 1535: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1521:After Muhammad 1519: 1502: 1480: 1424:Masjid al-Aqsa 1375: 1374:Muhammad's era 1372: 1348: 1345: 1319: 1316: 1307: 1304: 1267:Patricia Crone 1238: 1235: 1162: 1160:in Jerusalem. 1085: 1070: 1047: 1022: 1019: 885: 765:Glen Bowersock 761:Patricia Crone 735: 732: 728:Patricia Crone 708: 707: 690: 673: 656: 639: 593: 590: 582: 579: 571:Adriaan Reland 552: 549: 401:siege of Mecca 332: 331: 318: 312: 311: 308: 304: 303: 300: 296: 295: 292: 288: 287: 286:Specifications 283: 282: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 260: 259: 227: 221: 220: 217: 216:Administration 213: 212: 202: 193: 192: 186: 185: 184: 183: 174: 165: 164: 158: 157: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150: 130: 126: 125: 121: 120: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 94:Mecca Province 91: 87: 86: 81: 75: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10223: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10160: 10156: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10123: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10045: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9946:Jabal al-Nour 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9890: 9886: 9879: 9874: 9872: 9867: 9865: 9860: 9859: 9856: 9846: 9841: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9820: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9789: 9783: 9782: 9781:Tawaf al-Wida 9778: 9776: 9775: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9764: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9718: 9713: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9644: 9643:Dhu al-Hijjah 9638: 9634: 9633: 9625: 9620: 9618: 9613: 9611: 9606: 9605: 9602: 9591: 9586: 9575: 9572: 9567: 9564: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9507: 9502: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9475:Bushes, trees 9473: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9413: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9396: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9357: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9240: 9236: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9211:Of Israelites 9209: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9183: 9181:(cult images) 9177: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9155: 9154:Staff of Musa 9152: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9131: 9124: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9111: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9091: 9090: 9088: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9061: 9058: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8915: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8856: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8841: 8840: 8834: 8828: 8821: 8820: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8770:Months of the 8768: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8728: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8648:Sayl al-ʿArim 8645: 8643: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8625: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569:(Mesopotamia) 8568: 8567: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8502: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8486: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8475: 8465: 8462: 8456: 8453: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8432: 8431:Sacred Mosque 8428: 8425: 8422: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8364: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8346: 8343: 8339: 8336: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8311: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8267: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257:or Tīh Desert 8255: 8251: 8245: 8242: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8206:Maqām Ibrāhīm 8203: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8151: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8096: 8089: 8086: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8007: 8003: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7956:Rabbani/Rabbi 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7907: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7839: 7837: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7785: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7716: 7712: 7703: 7699: 7698:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 7696: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7636: 7630: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7528: 7525: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7513:People of Nuh 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7456: 7449: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7396: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7376:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 7374: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7339: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292:Bal'am/Balaam 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275:not specified 7271: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7070: 7067: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7037:Mary's mother 7035: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7004: 6999: 6997: 6996:Father Lamech 6994: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6953: 6949: 6934: 6931: 6928: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6821:(Son of Mary) 6820: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6746:son of Jacob) 6745: 6741: 6738: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6668:son of David) 6667: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6504: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6449:(the (chief) 6448: 6447: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6368: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6181:Dābbat al-Arḍ 6179: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6129: 6126:(dog) of the 6125: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5967: 5965: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5873: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5833:0-915957-54-X 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5816:9780196360331 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5731:1-59333-102-9 5727: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5704:0-8129-6618-X 5700: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5680:9780345391681 5676: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5556: 5548: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5511: 5509:0-915957-54-X 5505: 5500: 5499: 5490: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5471:Prentice Hall 5468: 5461: 5453: 5451:1-889999-38-5 5447: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5427:0-340-60901-X 5423: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5406: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5284: 5278: 5270: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5163: 5159: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5117: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5074: 5068: 5062:, p. 76. 5061: 5056: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5019:According to 5016: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4984:, p. 75. 4983: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4954: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4900: 4896: 4889: 4887: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4824: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4792:0-691-09797-6 4788: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4778:Al-Muqaddimah 4774: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4753: 4752:The Telegraph 4748: 4740: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4693: 4688: 4686:9781587680298 4682: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4638:9780521514309 4634: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4559:0-7591-0190-6 4556: 4552: 4546: 4539: 4534: 4525: 4518: 4502: 4498: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4446: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4419: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4370: 4369: 4361: 4353: 4352: 4344: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4285:, p. 19. 4284: 4279: 4268: 4264: 4262:9789047430322 4258: 4251: 4250: 4242: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4104: 4096: 4089: 4078: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4036: 4028: 4021: 4009: 4001: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3978: 3967: 3959: 3952: 3941: 3933: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3723:, p. 24. 3722: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3696: 3694:9780195336931 3690: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3642:, p. 11. 3641: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3615:0-691-03267-X 3611: 3607: 3606: 3598: 3596: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3534:1-932099-72-7 3530: 3526: 3525: 3517: 3510: 3508: 3502: 3500:9780804781817 3496: 3492: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3427: 3419: 3417:90-04-07846-0 3413: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3343: 3336: 3328: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3245: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3223: 3217: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3150: 3134: 3127: 3121: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3086: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3024: 3022: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2953: 2937: 2923: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2761: 2758: 2747: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2727:scented with 2726: 2722: 2717: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2627: 2620: 2619:Ṭawāf al-Ḥajj 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2490: 2483: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346:Islamic world 2343: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2284:AH, 1382–1517 2279: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2248: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2231:Maqam Ibrahim 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2195:Bāb at-Tawbah 2189: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098:الركن العراقي 2095: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2033:Rukn-e-Yemeni 2030: 2029:Rukn-e-Yamani 2024: 2018: 2012: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1973:Maqam Ibrahim 1968: 1965: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1843:Bāb ar-Raḥmah 1838: 1829: 1825: 1824:Bāb ar-Raḥmah 1821: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1774: 1766: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744:Bāb ut-Tawbah 1741: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675:, during the 1674: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1549: 1539: 1532: 1518: 1516: 1507: 1501: 1496: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1385: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1303: 1301: 1300:Edward Gibbon 1297: 1293: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1251:mentioned by 1250: 1246: 1245: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1195: 1194:Maqam Ibrahim 1189: 1188: 1187:Maqam Ibrahim 1179: 1176: 1170: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1117: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1099: 1092:(2), Ayah 127 1091: 1084: 1077:(22), Ayah 26 1076: 1073:Quran, Surah 1069: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1032: 1027: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1003: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 963: 959: 955: 945: 941: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 909: 905: 901: 900: 891: 884: 882: 876: 870: 864: 855: 851: 845: 843: 839: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 771:According to 769: 766: 762: 747: 746: 740: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 712:Eduard Glaser 694: 691: 677: 674: 660: 657: 643: 640: 635: 626: 622: 619: 618: 617: 615: 611: 603: 599: 588: 576: 572: 567: 562: 558: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 514: 502: 498: 497:Day of Arafah 494: 493:Dhu al-Hijjah 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 474: 468: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 390: 378:بَيْت ٱللَّٰه 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 330: 326: 322: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 281: 278: 274: 270: 266: 261: 256: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 190: 162: 152: 149: 145: 141: 135: 131: 127: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 85: 82: 80: 76: 71: 64: 59: 53: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 10071:Shah Cheragh 9956:Mount Arafat 9935: 9893:Saudi Arabia 9779: 9772: 9765: 9758: 9749:Mount Arafat 9726: 9664: 9657: 9630: 9589: 9573: 9565: 9559: 9553: 9518: 9508: 9496: 9486: 9460:In Paradise 9450: 9440: 9430: 9420: 9414: 9404: 9388: 9385:(Plant stem) 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9359:Plant matter 9346: 9340: 9332: 9326: 9320: 9314: 9223: 9194: 9190: 9158: 9122:Umm al-Kitāb 9120: 9107: 9094:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 9092: 9079: 9071: 9062: 9049: 9006: 9002:Ghadir Khumm 8986:('The Dawn') 8980: 8974: 8961: 8955: 8946: 8937: 8931: 8928:('The Noon') 8922: 8911: 8905: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8837: 8816: 8807: 8757:Days of Hajj 8745: 8742:(The Friday) 8736: 8688: 8646: 8633: 8601:Paradise of 8588:Jordan River 8583:Dār an-Nadwa 8582: 8564: 8526: 8521:Cave of Hira 8513: 8508: 8498: 8445:Masjid Qubāʾ 8444: 8426: 8416: 8408: 8394: 8382: 8374: 8348:Qaryat Yūnus 8347: 8337: 8327: 8287: 8277: 8263: 8254:Sinai Region 8236:Dam of Sheba 8231: 8219: 8204: 8198: 8194: 8185: 8170: 8152: 8130: 8118: 8110: 8080: 8075: 8065: 8048: 8035: 8022: 7940: 7918: 7909:Ahl al-Kitāb 7908: 7886: 7882:Zoroastrians 7878: 7873:disbelievers 7866: 7859: 7817:Banu Qurayza 7812:Banu Qaynuqa 7801:Ahl as-Suffa 7800: 7714: 7697: 7669: 7638: 7621: 7606:Sons of Adam 7561: 7537: 7529: 7520: 7494: 7488:Banī Isrāʾīl 7486: 7479: 7444: 7407: 7390: 7375: 7362: 7307:Luqman's son 7154: 7118: 7111: 7101: 7005:Luqman's son 6976:Martyred son 6868:Dhūl-Qarnain 6818: 6808: 6772:Perseverance 6764: 6742:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 6732:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 6731: 6720:('He of the 6717: 6630:Dhabih Ullah 6486: 6481: 6475: 6456: 6444: 6426: 6414: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6381: 6360:Malakul-Mawt 6358: 6333: 6327: 6319: 6304: 6275: 6256: 6233: 6212: 6200: 6190: 6180: 6170: 6151: 6142: 6133: 6123: 6119:) of Solomon 6110: 6099: 6087: 6078: 6069: 6038: 5918: 5903: 5896: 5868: 5858:the original 5849: 5844: 5824: 5802: 5797: 5785: 5773: 5745: 5717: 5692: 5669: 5658:Bibliography 5643:. 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Retrieved 3004:The Guardian 3002: 2992: 2922: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2841: 2815: 2783: 2757:Islam portal 2725:Zamzam water 2718: 2706:Banī Shaybah 2701: 2656: 2641: 2639: 2630:As the Qibla 2624: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2573: 2558: 2551: 2535: 2500: 2499: 2422: 2391: 2383: 2381: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2358: 2339: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2306: 2275: 2260: 2246: 2230: 2194: 2165: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2134: 2126: 2089: 2082: 2079:Rukn-e-Shami 2078: 2074: 2052:الركن الشامي 2043: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2006:الركن اليمني 1997: 1982: 1970: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1886: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1859:Banū Shaybah 1858: 1823: 1816: 1794:الحجر الأسود 1785: 1779: 1743: 1729: 1706: 1697:Iranian rial 1686: 1666: 1659: 1634: 1618: 1613: 1605: 1592:between the 1579: 1512: 1498: 1494: 1476: 1454: 1448: 1439: 1428: 1417: 1396: 1389: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1334: 1329: 1321: 1309: 1289: 1271:Arabia Felix 1260: 1248: 1242: 1240: 1218:Akhbar Makka 1205: 1181: 1172: 1164: 1096: 1082: 1066: 1044: 1036: 1015:Moses Gaster 1010: 1000: 994: 971: 957: 950: 897: 896:In her book 895: 889: 880: 849: 847: 840: 825: 770: 758: 745:Siyer-i Nebi 743: 723: 709: 692: 675: 658: 641: 620: 609: 597: 595: 574: 489:Islamic year 486: 471: 454: 437:and his son 432: 413: 373: 366:Saudi Arabia 354:holiest site 341: 337: 335: 307:Height (max) 263:Architecture 238:39°49′34.2″E 235:21°25′21.0″N 148:Saudi Arabia 113: 32: 9916:Quba Mosque 9767:Eid al-Adha 9734:Zamzam Well 9651:Preparation 9435:Pomegranate 9335:(The Earth) 9228:golden calf 8801:Pilgrimages 8534:Hudaybiyyah 8449:Quba Mosque 8403:Prostration 8354:,' that is 8315:Mesopotamia 8304:Mount Tabor 8300:Mount Sinai 8282:Mount Sinai 8232:ʿArim Sabaʾ 7970:Polytheists 7720:Household') 7715:Ahl al-Bayt 7672:(People of 7670:Qawm Tubbaʿ 7616:Wife of Lut 7611:Wife of Nuh 7462:or families 7460:ethnicities 7181:Moses' wife 6664:ibn Dāwūd ( 6446:ash-Shayṭān 6338:Holy Spirit 6164:Non-related 5889:Pellat, Ch. 5045:F.E. Peters 5043:(The Hajj, 5023:tradition: 4580:28 February 4408:16 November 4333:16 November 4103:"The Quran" 4077:"The Quran" 4035:"The Quran" 4008:"The Quran" 3966:"The Quran" 3940:"The Quran" 3808:M. Gaster, 3465:: 219–229. 2737:palm leaves 2729:Oud perfume 2561:Black Stone 1946:al-Multazam 1914:Hijr Ismail 1887:Shadherwaan 1863:Zamzam Well 1699:banknotes. 1693:Saudi riyal 1612:) that the 1418:Muhammad's 1403:Al-Azraqi's 1384:Black Stone 1322:This short 888:al-Azraqi, 828:Black Stone 753: 1595 416:early Islam 250: / 79:Affiliation 10200:Categories 10033:Al-Mada'in 9911:Mount Uhud 9754:Muzdalifah 9329:(Planets) 9323:(The Moon) 9274:Of Quraysh 9149:Noah's Ark 9042:Holy books 8886:Al-Ghuduww 8880:Al-ʿAshiyy 8844:Invocation 8836:Times for 8687:Battle of 8678:Battles or 8270:(The Holy 8136:(formerly 8083:(Mainland 7893:Hypocrites 7840:People of 7807:Banu Nadir 7787:Implicitly 7629:Son of Nuh 7587:People of 7521:Ahl Madyan 7496:Muʾtafikāt 7416:Al-Raqaim? 7391:Ḥawāriyyūn 7273:Implied or 7218:(possibly 7148:Egyptians 7140:People of 7098:Egyptians 6919:(Jeremiah) 6819:Ibn Maryam 6572:(Ezekiel?) 6411:(Asmodeus) 6305:Muqarrabun 6041:(Generous) 6011:Non-humans 5999:Characters 5902:Volume IV: 5619:15 October 5595:Al Khaleej 5031:the Garden 5005:15 October 4938:2000 Rials 4730:, p. 4613:, p. 4597:, p. 4295:Crone 2004 4204:22 October 4108:10 January 4082:10 January 4040:10 January 4013:10 January 3971:10 January 3945:10 January 3833:0918720583 3290:Crone 2004 3257:Crone 2004 3110:8 December 3041:9773411273 2962:References 2850:ٱلْكَعْبَة 2411:Bayt Allah 2392:Bayt Allah 1832:باب الرحمة 1640:Qarmatians 1370:–815 CE). 1368: 718 1139:Bayt Allah 1098:Ibn Kathir 1090:Al-Baqarah 990:divination 881:muzawwaqan 836:Qarmatians 759:Historian 734:Background 561:Jahiliyyah 555:See also: 537:pilgrimage 374:Bayt Allah 372:to be the 110:Leadership 46:ٱلْكَعْبَة 10177:Palestine 9686:At-Tan'im 9672:Al-Juhfah 9523:Date palm 9513:Palm tree 9501:Lote-tree 9477:or plants 9421:Qith-thāʾ 9349:(The Sun) 9347:Ash-Shams 9308:Celestial 9201:False god 9137:or beings 9135:of people 9117:of David) 9059:of Jesus) 8892:Al-Bukrah 8655:in Sheba) 8433:of Mecca) 8390:Monastery 8368:locations 8366:Religious 8323:Al-Jūdiyy 8016:Mentioned 8010:Locations 7923:Christian 7903:Believers 7888:Munāfiqūn 7851:Religious 7789:mentioned 7702:Stoneland 7578:Muhajirun 7356:Mentioned 7258:Abū Lahab 7253:As-Sāmirī 7243:(Goliath) 7209:Evil ones 7123:Zulaykhah 7079:People of 6966:Good ones 6766:Ulul-ʿAzm 6754:Zechariah 6750:Zakariyyā 6570:Dhūl-Kifl 6523:Mentioned 6369:(Michael) 6258:Zabāniyah 6235:Malāʾikah 6207:Honey bee 5912:758278456 5885:Lewis, B. 5715:(2004) . 5377:812009749 5301:Goodreads 5202:857109543 5167:7 January 5143:709670348 5105:17 August 5079:17 August 4913:212855786 4827:Al-Mawrid 4647:853114008 4575:Quran.com 4528:pp. 84–87 4507:12 August 4354:. Book 3. 3908:855764827 3389:154910558 2855:romanized 2822:al-Kaʻbah 2668:romanized 2524:go around 2436:romanized 2405:romanized 2103:romanized 2057:romanized 2011:romanized 1837:romanized 1799:romanized 1752:teak wood 1721:limestone 1695:and 2000 1506:al-Azraqi 1463:al-Azraqi 1459:Ibn Ishaq 1393:Ibn Ishaq 1361:Juan Cole 1324:Nestorian 1213:Al-Azraqi 1116:mala'ikah 1068:prayer)." 997:Samaritan 967:meteorite 962:fetishism 933:Uri Rubin 921:Ibn Ishaq 863:romanized 842:al-Azraqi 807:, and of 720:Ethiopian 695:(Arabic: 678:(Arabic: 661:(Arabic: 644:(Arabic: 592:Etymology 503:(Arabic: 420:Jerusalem 391:(Arabic: 376:(Arabic: 329:Limestone 316:Materials 38:The Kaaba 9720:Sequence 9700:Yalamlam 9511:(Tender 9491:Tamarisk 9425:Cucumber 9343:(Stars) 9321:Al-Qamar 9286:Al-ʿUzzā 9133:Objects 8947:Qabl al- 8898:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 8761:Doomsday 8689:al-Aḥzāb 8379:(Church) 8112:Al-Aḥqāf 8050:Jahannam 8043:Paradise 7650:Bedouins 7445:Qawm Lūṭ 7287:Abu Bakr 7117:Wife of 7106:Potiphar 7089:Binyāmin 6809:Al-Masīḥ 6781:Muḥammad 6718:Dhūn-Nūn 6662:Sulaymān 6600:(Elijah) 6512:Prophets 6428:Shayāṭīn 6386:(Genies) 6214:Qaswarah 6195:Wild ass 6173:(Female 6171:ʿAnkabūt 6094:elephant 5935:Archived 5904:Iran–Kha 5895:(eds.). 5842:(1976). 5795:(1955). 5768:(2003). 5742:(1970). 5691:(2000). 5667:(1997). 5306:14 April 4941:Archived 4930:Archived 4756:Archived 4675:(2003). 4165:5:58:226 4148:4:55:585 3842:13159056 3624:30671443 3543:56942620 3459:Muqarnas 3381:40378894 3103:BBC News 2926:Arabic: 2912:; Wehr: 2900:ALA-LC: 2861:al-Kaʿba 2834:al-kaʿba 2831:; Wehr: 2828:al-Kaʿba 2819:ALA-LC: 2743:See also 2714:بني شيبة 2698:Muharram 2686:Sha'baan 2653:Cleaning 2593:mustahab 2400:بيت الله 1861:and the 1750:-capped 1737:crucible 1679:between 1662:Murad IV 1655:Abbasids 1651:al-Aḥsāʾ 1602:Umayyads 1594:Umayyads 1503:— 1481:— 1312:Arnobius 1306:Arnobius 1249:Macoraba 1166:Abu Dhar 1102:exegesis 1086:— 1071:— 1055:Al Imran 1048:— 1007:Nebaioth 912:Nabatean 886:— 832:catapult 803:holding 629:ٱلْبَيْت 614:Muhammad 527:and the 470:), is a 428:Muhammad 405:Umayyads 129:Location 124:Location 73:Religion 52:al-Kaʿba 10185:Al-Aqsa 10159:Lebanon 9845:History 9822:Related 9791:Mosques 9695:As-Sayl 9576:(Drink) 9562:(River) 9547:Liquids 9379:(Shoot) 9367:(Onion) 9327:Kawākib 9315:Maṣābīḥ 9260:Yaghūth 8996:Implied 8956:Al-Aṣīl 8906:Al-Layl 8790:Ramaḍān 8739:Jumuʿah 8603:Shaddad 8495:Arabia 8489:Antakya 8484:Antioch 8477:Implied 8421:Al-Aqsa 8356:Nineveh 8342:Babylon 8187:Ḥaraman 8157:(Hegra) 8154:Al-Ḥijr 8144:ʿArafāt 8138:Yathrib 8133:Madīnah 7963:Sabians 7899:Muslims 7868:Kāfirūn 7836:Khazraj 7687:Quraysh 7458:Tribes, 7380:Sabbath 7324:Shaddad 7297:Barṣīṣā 7230:Pharaoh 7226:Firʿawn 6923:Ṣamūʾīl 6910:Implied 6841:Abraham 6813:Messiah 6666:Solomon 6652:Shuʿayb 6624:Ishmael 6620:Ismāʿīl 6584:(Eber?) 6578:(Aaron) 6540:Al-Yasa 6477:Ghilmān 6353:Raphael 6349:Isrāfīl 6112:hud-hud 6062:Related 6055:Animals 5877:"Ka'ba" 5770:"Kaʿba" 5609:"Kaaba" 4692:charms. 4480:15 July 3685:304–305 3471:1523357 3197:Tafheem 3168:Tafheem 2944: 2906:; 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