Holiest sites in Islam

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By 670, the Arabs had taken Tunisia, and by 675, they had completed construction of Kairouan, the city that would become the premier Arab base in North Africa. Kairouan was later to become the third holiest city in Islam in the medieval period, after Mecca and Medina, because of its importance as the

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Besides Arbaeen, other significant occasions that draw large crowds to the shrine include Ashura, the day of Husayn's martyrdom, and the birthdays and martyrdom anniversaries of other Shia Imams. The shrine also plays a central role in the commemoration of various religious events and serves as a hub

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The Imam Ali Mosque is a focal point for Shia pilgrimage. Every year, millions of devotees travel to Najaf to pay their respects, particularly during significant religious occasions such as the anniversaries of Ali's birth and martyrdom, as well as the Arbaeen pilgrimage. The Arbaeen pilgrimage marks

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The shrine's significance in Shia Islam is profound. Imam Ali is revered by all Muslims but by Shia in particular as a paragon of justice, knowledge, and piety. His burial site has thus become a symbol of Shia identity and faith. Every year, the shrine is visited by millions of pilgrims, with numbers

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The shrine is a major destination for millions of pilgrims, especially during the Arbaeen pilgrimage. This event is one of the largest annual religious gatherings in the world, where devotees often walk from Najaf to Karbala as a sign of their devotion and solidarity with Abbas ibn Ali and the other

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The construction of the shrine began in the early Islamic period, with significant contributions from various Islamic rulers. The earliest recorded construction was during the Abbasid Caliphate, with later renovations and expansions by the Safavid and Qajar dynasties. The shrine has been rebuilt and

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The Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine holds immense religious significance for Shia Muslims. Abbas ibn Ali is revered not only for his familial connection to Husayn but also for his virtues of loyalty, courage, and self-sacrifice. His shrine is a focal point of pilgrimage, particularly during the annual Arbaeen

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The main courtyard, known as the Sahan, is surrounded by arched porticos and is a place where pilgrims gather to offer prayers and recite elegies. The shrine also includes a museum that houses artifacts related to Husayn ibn Ali and the Battle of Karbala, as well as a library with a vast collection

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The Battle of Karbala was a defining moment in Islamic history. Husayn ibn Ali, along with his family and companions, was martyred by the forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I. The battle took place on the plains of Karbala, and Husayn’s stand against Yazid’s oppressive regime has since been revered

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Over the centuries, the shrine has undergone numerous renovations and expansions. The Buyid dynasty, in the 10th century, made significant contributions by building a large dome over the grave and adding other structures. The Safavid dynasty in the 16th century also played a crucial role in further

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The Imam Ali Mosque has a rich history that dates back to the 7th century. Ali was buried in Najaf following his assassination in 661 AD. However, the location of his grave remained a closely guarded secret for many years due to political tensions. It wasn't until the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid

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quote: From earliest Islam, the sanctuaries of Hebron and Jerusalem were holy places outranked only by Mecca and Medina; the Ibrahimi Mosque was originally regarded by some Muslims as Islam's fourth holiest site. Muslims believe that the Hebron sanctuary was visited by the Prophet Muhammad on his

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In recent years, the shrine has seen extensive renovations and expansions. These efforts aim to preserve the historical and architectural integrity of the site while accommodating the increasing number of pilgrims. Modern amenities, improved infrastructure, and enhanced security measures have been

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Pilgrims from around the world visit the shrine to pay their respects and seek intercession. The rituals performed at the shrine include recitations of elegies, lamentations, and the reenactment of the events of Karbala. These practices are deeply ingrained in Shia cultural and religious identity,

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The shrine is surrounded by spacious courtyards that can accommodate the influx of pilgrims during major religious events. The main entrance, known as Bab al-Qibla, is an ornate gateway that leads to the inner sanctum. Inside, the walls are adorned with elaborate stucco and mirror work, reflecting

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In recent years, the shrine has undergone extensive renovations and expansions to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims. These developments include the construction of new facilities for pilgrims, improved infrastructure, and enhanced security measures. Efforts have also been made to preserve

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Following the martyrdom, the site of Husayn's grave became a place of pilgrimage. The first structure over his grave was constructed by the order of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi in the late 7th century. Throughout the centuries, the shrine has been destroyed and rebuilt several times. Major renovations were

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The Imam Ali Mosque is an architectural masterpiece. The shrine is distinguished by its golden dome and minarets, which are covered with approximately 7,777 tiles of gold. The complex also includes courtyards, prayer halls, and a museum. The central hall, where the tomb is located, is adorned with

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In recent years, the Iraqi government and various Shia organizations have undertaken numerous projects to renovate and expand the shrine complex. These efforts aim to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims and to preserve the historical and religious heritage of the site. Enhancements include

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The mosque features a large courtyard, known as the Sahan, which is surrounded by arched colonnades. The main entrance, Bab al-Qibla, is an impressive gateway that leads directly to the inner sanctum. The interior is lavishly decorated with Persian carpets, chandeliers, and intricate stucco work,

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Arabic usage. It was only in the nineteenth century that the use of the name was revived in its modern Arabic form, frequently as Suriyya rather than the older Suriyah, to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham: first of all in the Christian Arabic literature of the period, and under the influence of

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The Imam Husayn Shrine is a site of immense religious significance for Shia Muslims. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, who was killed in the Battle of Karbala on the 10th of Muharram in the year 680 AD. This event is one of the most tragic and

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in Najaf, Iraq, is the holiest site for Shia Muslims after the Holy Sites in Mecca and Medina. It holds the tomb of the first Shia Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to Shia belief, the tomb also contains the remains of the

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Beyond its religious significance, the shrine has a considerable cultural impact. It serves as a center for religious education, charitable activities, and social services. The surrounding area of Karbala has developed significantly to support the influx of pilgrims, with numerous facilities,

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The Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine is an architectural marvel, featuring a grand golden dome and two towering minarets, which are visible from miles away. The shrine complex includes several courtyards, prayer halls, and a museum. The central hall, where the tomb is located, is lavishly decorated with

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The Imam Husayn Shrine is renowned for its stunning architecture and intricate decorations. The shrine complex includes a golden dome, several minarets, and expansive courtyards. The central dome is adorned with gold-plated tiles, and the interior features elaborate mirror work, mosaics, and

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Abbas ibn Ali, also known as Abu al-Fadl, was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and a respected warrior known for his unwavering support of his brother Husayn. He played a crucial role in the Battle of Karbala, where he met his martyrdom while attempting to fetch water for the thirsty children and

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The Imam Husayn Shrine continues to be a beacon of faith, drawing millions of devotees who seek solace, inspiration, and a deeper connection to their religious heritage. It stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Husayn ibn Ali and his unwavering stand for justice and righteousness.

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The Imam Husayn Shrine is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the world for Shia Muslims. The annual Arbaeen pilgrimage, which marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Husayn ibn Ali, draws millions of visitors from around the world. During Arbaeen, pilgrims often walk long

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The Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine continues to be a beacon of faith and a testament to the enduring legacy of Abbas ibn Ali. It stands as a symbol of loyalty, bravery, and the eternal struggle for justice, drawing millions of devotees who seek solace and inspiration from his exemplary life.

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The Imam Ali Mosque stands not only as a place of worship but also as a symbol of Shia resilience and devotion. Its history, architecture, and the immense reverence it commands make it a central pillar of Shia Islam and a testament to the enduring legacy of Imam Ali.

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The mosque is a significant pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims, especially during the anniversary of Imam Ali's death and other important Islamic events. Pilgrims visit the mosque to pay their respects, pray, and reflect on its historical and spiritual significance.

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The shrine is also surrounded by a vast cemetery known as Wadi al-Salam, which is the largest cemetery in the world. It is believed that being buried near Imam Ali brings spiritual benefits, and many Shia Muslims request to be interred in this sacred ground.

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During Arbaeen, the number of visitors can exceed 20 million, making it one of the largest peaceful gatherings in the world. Pilgrims often travel on foot from various parts of Iraq and even from neighboring countries to participate in the commemorations.

822:, the traditional burial site of the biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs, and the Ibrahimi Mosque, built on top of the tomb to honor Abraham, is also often considered to be the fourth holiest in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad visited Hebron on his 776:(Jesus) will return at the end of times, atop the "Minaret of Isa" of the mosque, during the time of a Fajr prayer. It is believed that prayers in the Umayyad mosque are considered to be equal to those offered in Jerusalem. 1508:, the first Shia Imam, and the fourth caliph in Sunni Islam, used to lead prayers and deliver sermons. The mosque is also the site where he was struck with a fatal blow by Ibn Muljam during the month of Ramadan in 661 CE. 2129:|quote=according to a famous hadith (saying)... ‘our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places that we respect very much. The third belongs to our first imam of Shia, Ali, which is in Najaf.'} 1100:

In addition to Imam Ali, the shrine complex is the final resting place for several notable figures. Among them are many revered Shia scholars, jurists, and theologians. Some of the prominent figures buried here include:

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Mazar Ghous in Baghdad, Iraq is the one of the holiest site in Sufi Islam. It is dedicated to the founder of Qadiryya Sufi order, Abdul Qadir Gilani. The complex was built near the Bab al-Sheikh (ash-Sheikh Gate) in

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With eighty nine mosques it is the fourth holiest city in Sunni Islam, after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. A tradition holds that seven pilgrimages to Kairouan exempt the faithful from having to journey to

7170: 2754:, p. 97: 'Suleyman considered himself the ruler of the four holy cities of Islam, and, along with Mecca and Medina, included Hebron and Jerusalem in his rather lengthy list of official titles.' 772:, is believed to be in a shrine inside the mosque, which also houses one of only four authorized original copies of the Quran. The Umayyad Mosque is also the place where Muslims believe the prophet 2442:. They also noted that it was an old name for the whole of Bilad al-Sham which had gone out of use. As a geographic expression, however, the name Syria survived in its original classical sense in 2414:, which actually form one stretch of arid tableland, the classical concept of what actually constituted Syria had more to its credit geographically than the vaguer Arab concept of Syria as 1262:. Abbas is revered for his loyalty and bravery, and his shrine is one of the holiest sites for Shia Muslims, attracting millions of pilgrims, especially during the annual commemoration of 1217:

distances, sometimes covering hundreds of miles, to reach Karbala. This pilgrimage is considered an act of devotion and solidarity with the sacrifices made by Husayn and his companions.

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Qanoon-e-Islam: Or, The Customs of the Moosulmans of India; Comprising a Full and Exact Account of Their Various Rites and Ceremonies, from the Moment of Birth Till the Hour of Death

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Al 'Aqsa is the second oldest mosque in Islam after the Kaaba in Mecca and is third in holiness after the mosques in Mecca and Medina. It holds up to 400,000 worshippers at one time.

1792: 638:) in Jerusalem is the third holiest site in Islam. The compound is held in esteem by the entire Muslim community, due to its history as a place of worship by many prophets such as 2281: 1683: 713:'), as "the Farthest Mosque". Islamic scholars generally agree that this description refers to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, although Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Qur'an by name. 5883: 1468:

Masjid al-Kufa is believed to have been built in the 7th century. It is one of the four major mosques that Shia Muslims consider to be significant, the others being the

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in 680. Up to 20 million pilgrims visit the city for the anniversary of Hussein ibn Ali's death. There are many Shia traditions which narrate the status of Karbala.

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Maqam of Muslim ibn Aqil: This spot commemorates Muslim ibn Aqil, the cousin of Imam Husayn, who was sent to Kufa by Husayn as his emissary and was martyred here.

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as well as multiple notable scholars from Shia History. It is an important pilgrimage site, and the surrounding area, Kadhimayn, is named after these Imams.

62:, there is a consensus across all mainstream branches of the religion that affirms two cities as having the highest degree of holiness, in descending order: 1460:, Iraq, is one of the oldest and holiest mosques in the world. It holds great significance for Shia Muslims due to its historical and religious importance. 1854:. It is one of the most impressive shrines in the world. The shrine attracts over 100,000 pilgrims to the annual Urs festival that commemorates his death. 5906: 5463: 1633: 1629: 1489: 678:). The mosque has the capacity to accommodate in the region of 400,000 worshippers. According to Islamic tradition, the Temple Mount served as the first 1493: 1364: 365:

who is capable must perform the Hajj at least once in their lifetime. Hajj is one of the largest annual Muslim gatherings in the world, second only to

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in Karbala, Iraq, contains the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali. The mosque stands on the site of the grave of Husayn ibn Ali, where he was martyred during the

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The Masjid Al-Aqsa (also known as the Haram Al-Sharif or Temple Mount) includes the Dome of the Rock (left) and Al-Aqsa Mosque/Jami'a Al-Aqsa (right).

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intricate tile work, mirror mosaics, and Arabic calligraphy depicting verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams.

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to Jerusalem to stop by the tomb and pay his respects. In the mosque in a small niche there is a left footprint, believed to be from Muhammad.

1445:. It is the largest mosque in the world by area. The complex is a tourism center in Iran with 25 million Shias visiting the shrine each year. 2310: 3165: 3135: 3045: 1485: 5493: 1275:

companions of Husayn. His sacrifice is deeply commemorated in Shia tradition, and his shrine stands as a symbol of devotion and courage.

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Hamid Algar, Religion and State in Iran, 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period, University of California Press, 1969.

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is located in Medina, making the city the second-holiest site in Islam, after Mecca. Medina is the final place-of-residence of

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pivotal moments in Islamic history, especially for Shia Muslims, as it symbolizes the struggle against tyranny and injustice.

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Various other cites and mosques across the Islamic world are claimed to be fourth holiest site in Islam or among the holiest.

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the historical and architectural heritage of the shrine while ensuring that it can meet the needs of contemporary visitors.

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in Mauritania, whose libraries contain many ancient manuscripts, is claimed by some to be the seventh holiest city in Islam.

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in Mecca, to visit Masjid al-Aqsa, where he led the prayer among the prophets, and was then taken to the heavens from the

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Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, Yale University Press, 1985.

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Similar to Sunni Islam and other sects, the Holiest sites in Shia Islam are Mecca, followed by Medina and then Al Aqsa.

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The mosque also holds special importance to Shia Muslims since it contains shrines commemorating Husayn ibn Ali and the

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reportedly discovered the grave during a hunting expedition in the 8th century that a shrine was built at the site.

198:, thus meaning "The Two Sanctuaries". They should not be confused with Jerusalem and Hebron, which were also called 6661: 6419: 5221: 5077: 4612: 4508: 6949: 3550:

Kamil al Ziarat, Abul Qasim Jafar Bin Muhammad Bin Jafar Bin Musa Bin Quluya Al Qummi. Chapter 1, Hadith Number 1.

1709:, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and revered figure in Shia Islam. The site attracts many pilgrims annually. 5705: 5521: 1147:

improved infrastructure, expanded facilities for pilgrims, and increased security measures to protect visitors.

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Sultanova, Razia. From Shamanism to Sufism: Women, Islam and Culture in Central Asia. Vol. 3. IB Tauris, 2011.

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the end of the 40-day mourning period for Imam Hussein, Ali's son, who was martyred at the Battle of Karbala.

522:), al-Aqsa Mosque compound, and other sites mentioned in the Hadith, as well Umayyad Mosque, Ibrahimi Mosque. 8344: 7888: 5138: 4897: 4632: 3618:

George Michell, Architecture of the Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning, Thames & Hudson, 2000.

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was no more than a geographic expression. In Islamic times, the Arab geographers used the name arabicized as

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Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War: The Politics, Culture and History of Shi'ite Islam, I.B. Tauris, 2002.

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Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (1986). Goss, V. P.; Bornstein, C. V. (eds.).

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Maqam of Hani ibn Urwa: Hani ibn Urwa was a supporter of Muslim ibn Aqil and was martyred alongside him.

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have held interchangeable significance as the third and fourth-holiest Islamic sites for Sunni Muslims.

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House of Imam Ali: Adjacent to the mosque is the house of Imam Ali, which is now a site of pilgrimage.

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Lesley Hazleton, After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Shia-Sunni Split in Islam, Doubleday, 2009.

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Mediterranean Winter: The Pleasures of History and Landscape in Tunisia, Sicily, Dalmatia, and Greece

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Vitullo, Anita (2003). "People Tied to Place: Strengthening Cultural Identity in Hebron's Old City".

2311:"The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source" 2123:

https://web.archive.org/web/20020603155002/http://atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html%7Carchive-date=June

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martyrs of Karbala. The pilgrimage is marked by a profound sense of community and spiritual renewal.

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Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

9074: 7323: 3236: 1394:, Saudi Arabia, is a cemetery that holds the graves of several family members and companions of the 9371: 8473: 8161: 8061: 5787: 5516: 5340: 5113: 4651: 4367: 2474: 2430:, to denote one special region of Bilad al-Sham, which was the middle section of the valley of the 1824: 976: 942: 137: 4399: 2853: 2034:

The Meeting of Two Dads: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades

7160: 6903: 6563: 5650: 4524: 4404: 4162:), parts one and two in Arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1987). 2321: 1912: 1204:

calligraphy that depict verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams.

8236: 8019: 7098: 6537: 4678: 2634: 2422:, which carried the name of the territory. Otherwise, down the centuries, Syria like Arabia and 2118: 9067: 8317: 7572: 7513: 7403: 6883: 6274: 5802: 5731: 5700: 5640: 4622: 4617: 2358: 1756: 1572: 1111: 819: 548: 228: 125: 98: 4363: 4345:

The encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli conflict : a political, social, and military history

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Mihrab of Imam Ali: The mihrab marks the spot where Imam Ali was fatally struck while praying.

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Hebron is often presented as the fourth holy city of Islam after Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem

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Masjid al-Kufa holds immense religious significance for Shia Muslims. It was the place where

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Janet L. Abu-Lughod (2007). "Damascus". In Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.).

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National Geographic Society (U.S.); de Blij, H.J.; Downs, R.; John Wiley & Sons (2007).

2398:, this same territory, which the Romans considered Arabian, formed part of what they called 2262: 998:) is considered as a holy city, also claimed by some to be the fourth holiest city in Islam. 304:(Adam and Hawa). According to the Islamic tradition it was first built by the first prophet 8594: 8189: 8073: 8055: 7204: 7030: 5415: 5322: 5267: 2037:. Vol. 21. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. p. 208. 1066:

peaking during the annual Arbaeen event, where estimates suggest over 20 million visitors.

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After these two sites, most importance is put upon the following sites according to Shia:

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The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity

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carried out by various Islamic dynasties, including the Abbasids, Buyids, and Safavids.

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After the consensus on the first two sites as well as further sites associated with the

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Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North

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Maqam of Ibrahim: It is believed that this is the place where Prophet Ibrahim prayed.

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commemoration, which marks the end of the 40-day mourning period for Husayn ibn Ali.

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The Qur'an mentions the Al-Aqsa Mosque only once in verse 1 of chapter no. 17 (Surah

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of the Muslims before the Kaaba. According to tradition, Muhammad on the occasion of

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Mecca is considered the holiest city in Islam, as it is home to Islam's holiest site

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Heinz Halm, Shia Islam: From Religion to Revolution, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997.

3411:. In Jayyusi, Salma K.; Holod, Renata; Petruccioli, Attilio; Raymond, André (eds.). 9408: 9008: 9001: 8921: 8680: 8608: 8555: 8463: 8283: 7870: 7609: 7552: 7410: 7338: 7199: 6744: 6594: 6569: 6527: 6201: 6060: 5812: 5797: 5557: 5262: 4984: 4922: 4912: 4902: 4887: 4693: 4596: 4568: 4456: 4375: 4313: 2732: 2520: 1907: 1885: 1776: 1556: 1422: 1395: 1340: 811: 765: 745: 699: 695: 655: 639: 552: 514:, all sites which have been mentioned in the Hadith are holy to Sunni Muslims. The 477: 120:

on the designation of additional holy sites. For Sunnis, sites associated with the

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developing the site, adding ornate decorations, and expanding the mosque complex.

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Moses in the Holy Scriptures of Judaism, Christianity and Islam: A Call for Peace

3018: 2989: 2983: 2476: 2447: 2377: 2269: 2032: 1917: 1809: 1712: 1609:. The shrine has attracted to itself dozens of seminaries and religious schools. 1352: 1058: 957: 872: 839: 691: 663: 374: 313: 309: 269: 248: 232: 179: 71: 29: 6944: 2418:. Under the Romans, there was actually a province of Syria, with its capital at 9061: 9029: 8989: 8856: 8847: 8618: 8603: 8542: 8259: 8179: 8120: 7789: 7637: 7415: 7154: 7127: 7103: 6938: 6922: 6775: 6734: 6706: 6673: 6600: 6517: 6505: 6483: 6467: 6308: 5850: 5577: 5430: 5272: 4974: 3359:

Jones, Kevin. "Slavs and Tatars: Language arts." ArtAsiaPacific 91 (2014): 141.

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The two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are traditionally known as the

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The National, 2020. "Major renovation projects underway at Iraq's holy sites".

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Hamid Dabashi, Shi'ism: A Religion of Protest, Harvard University Press, 2011.

2957: 1595: 480:

cemetery located to the southeast of the Prophet's Mosque, while the grave of

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accommodations, and services dedicated to catering to the needs of visitors.

1251: 551:

led all the prophets and angels at the site, the site of the mosque built by

489: 354: 317: 285: 7841: 7447: 6615: 4207:

The Sacred and the Secular: Aesthetics in Domestic Spaces of Pakistan/Punjab

2878: 2578: 9152: 8909: 8495: 8428: 8094: 8051: 7743: 7724: 7719: 7508: 7464: 6959: 6544: 6457: 6211: 6126: 6109: 6001: 5928: 5840: 5765: 5425: 5277: 5155: 4871: 4775: 4763: 4477: 2373: 2125:

3, 2002 |access-date=2006-11-12 |location=Central Asia / Russia |publisher=

1900: 1871: 1742: 1726: 587:

is a historical region that includes the cities of Jerusalem and Damascus.

534: 336: 301: 203: 153: 44: 7647: 7165: 6511: 1279:

restored multiple times due to natural disasters and political upheavals.

690:, before the Kaaba in Mecca. Muslims believe that Muhammad was taken from 58:. While the significance of most places typically varies depending on the 9342: 9135: 8890: 8832: 8821: 8455: 8415: 8356: 8222: 8211: 8207: 7749: 7662: 7657: 6245: 5402: 4892: 4831: 4758: 4645: 3228: 2423: 1924: 1851: 1796: 1690:. It is an important pilgrimage site, especially for those who visit the 1687: 1675: 1606: 1568: 1434: 1348: 1263: 1027: 1005:

in Ethiopia is considered by some to be the fourth holiest city in Islam.

892: 857: 780: 511: 428: 293: 289: 113: 109: 7038: 6840: 6267: 3763:

Najam Haider, The Origins of the Shia, Cambridge University Press, 2011.

3595:

Roger Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

3050:

The Archaeology of Jordan and Beyond: Essays in Memory of James A. Sauer

3048:. In Stager, Lawrence E.; Greene, Joseph A.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.). 2833: 2263:

Description of the new mosque and architectural documents at archnet.org

399: 18: 8871: 8751: 8655: 8646: 8230: 7877: 7830: 7714: 7395: 7148: 6221: 5695: 4792: 4767: 3784:

Al-Jazeera, 2020. "Iraq's holy city of Karbala sees major renovations".

3568:

Al-Monitor, 2019. "Why the Arbaeen pilgrimage is bigger than the Hajj".

3218: 2979: 2532: 2455: 2282:"CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts" 1702: 1442: 1009: 995: 991: 556: 344: 157: 117: 9167: 6927: 6888: 6228: 6051: 3577:

Al-Serat, The Imams: Biographies of the Twelve, Ansarian Publications.

1994: 9430: 9420: 9108: 8560: 8371: 8297: 8143: 7931: 7800: 7501: 7485: 6830: 6477: 6165: 6114: 5978: 5410: 4841: 4656: 3694:

Al-Jazeera, 2020. "Iraq's holy city of Najaf sees major renovations".

3671:

Yitzhak Nakash, The Shi'is of Iraq, Princeton University Press, 2003.

2779:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

2664:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

2511:

Nasser Rabbat (1989). "The meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock".

2443: 2187: 2094:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

1929: 1894: 1843: 1760: 972: 848: 530: 9125: 3657:

Robert Fisk, "The Largest Cemetery on Earth", The Independent, 2008.

2549:. Vol. 7 (New ed. 2006 ed.). Brill. 2006. pp. 97–105. 2524: 960:, is also considered by some to be the fourth holiest site in Islam. 9332: 9172: 9157: 8446: 8128: 7968: 7957: 7950: 7739: 7587: 7566: 7194: 7088: 7013: 6688: 6353: 6315: 6121: 5743: 5249: 5107: 5059: 4853: 4807: 4771: 4496: 3685:

BBC News, 2017. "Arbaeen: Millions of Shia Muslims gather in Iraq".

3232: 3194:

Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places

2783: 2667: 1842:

is considered the third most holiest site in Sufi Islam. It is the

1832: 1750: 1691: 1344: 1305:

symbolizing the eternal struggle against oppression and injustice.

964: 761: 722: 465: 461: 416: 121: 94: 4176:

Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion

4160:

Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion

3427:

Harar, which is known as being the fourth Holy city of Islam (...)

764:

is often considered the fourth holiest site in Islam. The head of

9398: 9193: 8697: 8510: 8467: 8396: 8391: 8328: 8263: 8249: 8151: 7806: 7795: 7594: 7557: 7287: 7231: 7137: 6748: 6720: 6573: 6531: 6447: 6384: 6335: 6256: 5758: 5364: 5052: 4932: 4824: 4817: 4812: 4554: 4410:

Charting the holy cities of Islam – the world’s most evasive list

3108:

Contested Holy Cities: The Urban Dimension of Religious Conflicts

2427: 2419: 1800: 1560: 1426: 1368: 1347:, Iraq, contains the tombs of the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams, 1247: 1164: 987: 815: 710: 659: 643: 631: 378: 366: 329: 325: 83: 9441: 9316: 9188: 9103: 9022: 8964: 8780: 8774: 8480: 8306: 8291: 8088: 8040: 7977: 7945: 7858: 7768: 7703: 7599: 7347: 7328: 7223: 7189: 6834: 6803: 6780: 6651: 6559: 6451: 6323: 6159: 6102: 6082: 6024: 6011: 5996: 5282: 5256: 5215: 5176: 5093: 5006: 4927: 4782: 4728: 4723: 4490: 4414: 1958:

The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine

1839: 1828: 1730: 1705:, Iraq, is known for its historic significance and the tomb of 1391: 968: 949: 927: 919: 853: 807: 800: 667: 584: 473: 457: 394: 362: 297: 253: 102: 67: 8188:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 1636:, prayed. It is also associated with the future return of the 1575:

in Shia Islam. 25 Million Shias visiting the shrine each year.

1552: 1371:, Iraq, houses the tombs of the seventh and ninth Shia Imams, 1120:, one of the most influential Shia marjas of the 20th century. 9362: 9017: 8994: 8972: 8762: 8756: 8726: 8408: 8310: 8133: 8106: 8082: 7992: 7863: 7775: 7547: 7496: 7459: 7365: 7083: 7066: 6795: 6738: 6710: 6633: 6619: 6604: 6580: 6554: 6521: 6499: 6471: 6395: 6365: 6358: 6349: 6340: 6189: 6147: 5942: 5893: 5531: 5356: 5310: 5298: 5100: 5086: 5045: 4718: 4575: 4561: 4482: 4445: 4135: 4051: 2963: 2948: 2933: 2918: 2900: 2884: 2868: 2584: 2395: 2379:

A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered

2211: 2119:

http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/DE24Ag04.html%7Curl-status=unfit

2072: 2057: 2010: 1667:. It is a site of reverence and pilgrimage for Shia Muslims. 1652: 1637: 1480:. According to Shia tradition, the mosque was constructed by 1469: 1032: 1002: 980: 945:

is considered by some to be the fourth holiest site in Islam.

888: 880: 865: 827: 686: 680: 675: 651: 543: 515: 485: 438: 424: 277: 273: 265: 243: 236: 223: 219: 194: 169: 129: 75: 63: 40: 23: 4270:

The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places

3224:

Towards a Strategic Geopolitic Vision of Afro-Arab Relations

2914: 2912: 2193: 9162: 9086: 8717: 8500: 8173: 7962: 7852: 7836: 7381: 7093: 6799: 6758: 6629: 6584: 6441: 6290: 6194: 5197: 5169: 5119: 5066: 5011: 4582: 4114: 4093: 4072: 4009: 3893: 3872: 3794: 2742:

mystical nocturnal journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.🗿🗿🗿🗿

2439: 2435: 1847: 1764: 1734: 1720: 1660: 1621: 1584: 1564: 1481: 1457: 1438: 1430: 1036: 913: 861: 784: 469: 382: 349: 321: 305: 145: 35: 3297: 2651: 1211: 518:

is the holiest site, followed by the al-Masjid an-Nabawi (

9352: 8746: 8528: 5932: 3723:"Interactive Maps: Sunni & Shia: The Worlds of Islam" 2831: 2560: 2140:

Atlas of MAKKAH, Dr. Osama bin Fadl Al-Bahar: Makkah City

1716: 1580: 1327:

introduced to ensure the safety and comfort of visitors.

481: 2769: 2454:

churches, from which it occasionally found its way into

2220: 1128: 3191:

Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2014).

2985:

Stories of the Prophets: [قصص الأنبياء [انكليزي

1191:

as a symbol of resistance and martyrdom in Shia Islam.

8023:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 4030: 3754:

Heinz Halm, Shi'ism, Edinburgh University Press, 2004.

3667: 3665: 3663: 3614: 3612: 3610: 2662:. In Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E. (eds.). 975:. Local tradition holds that seven pilgrimages to the 206:. Another appellation of the Two Noble Sanctuaries is 4274:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 3190: 1092:

reflecting the rich artistic heritage of the region.

8721:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 4031:"Kufa Mosque: A Symbol of Shia History and Identity" 2478:

Wiley/National Geographic College Atlas of the World

2232: 1861: 1042: 754:

Umayyad Mosque (left) and its Minaret of Isa (right)

178:

where Mecca and Medina are located. It is where the

4372:

E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936

3660: 3607: 2775: 2657: 2244: 1655:, Iraq, is believed to be a site where the head of 1414:. The cemetery is a revered site for Shia Muslims. 5891: 4267: 3780: 3778: 3750: 3748: 2972: 2825: 1511: 385:, with attendance reaching three million in 2012. 256:). Only Muslims are allowed to enter this place. 148:, the majority of Muslims also visit the sites of 3823:UNESCO, "Heritage of Iraq: Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine". 3644: 3642: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1723:, is a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. 1308: 1088:intricate mirror work, mosaics, and calligraphy. 9509: 8331:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 6919:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 3681: 3679: 3677: 3328: 2982:(2013-01-01). Dr Mohammad Hilmi Al-Ahmad (ed.). 911:(both meaning "the Mount"). As for the adjacent 132:prophets hold a high level of significance (see 4237:The early modern Ottomans: remapping the Empire 3775: 3772:UNESCO, "Heritage of Iraq: Imam Husayn Shrine". 3745: 3291: 1567:, is a complex which contains the mausoleum of 1282: 1198: 1114:, a renowned Iraqi Shia cleric and philosopher. 276:, is the most sacred holy place of Islam and a 3639: 2855:The World is My Village: A Novel with an Index 2718: 2716: 2019: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 332:(Ismāʿīl), it has been rebuilt several times. 5877: 4430: 4342: 3674: 3466:Shinn, David H.; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013). 3465: 2510: 2372: 2199: 1082: 5991:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 4343:Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). 4234:Aksan, Virginia H.; Goffman, Daniel (2007). 4233: 3604:UNESCO, "Heritage of Iraq: Imam Ali Mosque". 3559:Kamil al-Ziarat, Chapter 10, Hadith number 2 3521: 3104:"Hebron: A nested division of sacred spaces" 3010: 2851: 2751: 2446:and Western European usage, and also in the 2346: 2308: 2190:at MadainProject.com. Accessed 19 Nov. 2022. 2138:Geomatika Advanced Solutions (6 June 2016). 1108:, a leading Shia jurist of the 19th century. 472:are also buried with Muhammad, the grave of 4172:Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din 4156:Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din 3966: 3964: 3301:Continuity and change in the Tunisian sahel 3261: 3242:centre of the Islamic faith in the Maghrib. 3170:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 104. 3101: 2713: 2695:. Qum: Ansariyan Publications. p. 362. 2304: 2302: 2256: 1942: 1815: 1737:, houses the mausoleums of the two sons of 684:(direction of prayer) for Muhammad and his 8349:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 7663:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 7465:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 6843:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 5884: 5870: 4437: 4423: 3322: 3253:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2978: 2808:"Hebron: The city of Abraham, the Beloved" 2366: 2151: 1979:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1463: 1292:the rich artistic heritage of the region. 1269: 1185: 284:spiritually above the Kaaba, contains the 6210: 4361: 4288: 3907: 3530:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 119. 2845: 2763: 2226: 2155:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 2142:. Bukupedia. pp. 104–. GGKEY:YLPLD6B31C2. 1295: 891:). In particular, numerous references to 3961: 3406: 3386:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 180–182. 3384:Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures 3167:The Art of Medieval Spain, A.D. 500-1200 3133: 3081:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 180–182. 3079:Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures 3017:Elhadary, Osman (2016-02-08). "11, 15". 3016: 2352: 2299: 2145: 1955: 1819: 1791: 1551: 1547: 1321: 1224: 1221:for religious learning and scholarship. 1158: 1095: 1069: 1026: 847: 794: 398: 227: 136:). For Shias, sites associated with the 17: 4347:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. 4310:Health, Science, and Place: A New Model 4293:. Leicestershire, UK: Kube Publishing. 3970: 3492: 2722: 1499: 1237: 895:exist in the Quran, where it is called 140:hold a high level of significance (see 9510: 7173:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 7059:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 6863: 4405:Al Quds fil Quran (in Arabic Language) 4265: 4204: 3445:. Yale University Press. p. 453. 3409:"Harar: The Fourth Holy City of Islam" 3377: 3072: 3043: 2238: 2111: 2090: 1398:. Among them are the four Shia Imams: 1141: 8941: 8529:Events, incidents, occasions or times 8527: 7916: 7252: 6908:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 6862: 6636:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 6417: 5917: 5904: 5865: 5617: 5385: 5001: 4418: 4307: 3501:. Taylor & Francis. p. 284. 3298:Dr. Ray Harris; Khalid Koser (2004). 3160: 2690: 2635:"Damascus: What's Left | Sarah Birke" 2609:Central Conference of American Rabbis 2318:Central Conference of American Rabbis 2250: 2183: 2181: 1212:Pilgrimage and Religious Significance 1154: 1129:Pilgrimage and Religious Significance 8860:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 7339:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 5386: 5002: 3493:Lea, David; Rowe, Annamarie (2001). 3438: 3217: 2832:Sharīf, J.; Herklots, G. A. (1832). 2086: 2084: 922:of Tuwa), it is considered as being 818:) settled. Within the city lies the 4181: 3940:"Religious Tourism Potentials Rich" 3703:Shimoni & Levine, 1974, p. 160. 3066: 2994:دَار الْـكُـتُـب الْـعِـلْـمِـيَّـة 2993: 1417: 1358: 1334: 444: 13: 3973:"Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine" 2814: 2539: 2468: 2434:, in the vicinity of the towns of 2178: 1686:, the son of the tenth Shia Imam, 1208:of Islamic manuscripts and texts. 1053: 833: 768:, revered in Islam as the prophet 335:The area of Mecca, which includes 14: 9529: 8885:('Before the rising of the Sun') 4393: 3917:. sacredsites.com. Archived from 3469:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia 2632: 2599: 2081: 1484:, with subsequent renovations by 1448: 1382: 1043:Overlap with other sects in Islam 525: 9052:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 7488:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 5846: 5845: 5834: 5365:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 4613:Timeline of the history of Islam 4444: 4198: 4165: 4149: 4128: 4107: 4086: 4065: 4044: 4023: 4002: 3499:A Political Chronology of Africa 3472:. Scarecrow Press. p. 207. 3270:The Middle East and North Africa 2382:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 61–62. 2158:. Merriam-Webster. p. 479. 2152:Hopkins, Daniel J.; 편집부 (2001). 1878: 1864: 1838:The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam in 1643: 875:is associated with the prophets 744: 735: 614: 605: 112:, there is a divergence between 8694:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 8099:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 7455:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 6129:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 5706:List of ex-Muslim organisations 4312:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 4227: 3991:from the original on 2016-04-24 3932: 3886: 3865: 3844: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3787: 3766: 3757: 3715: 3706: 3697: 3688: 3651: 3630: 3621: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3515: 3486: 3459: 3432: 3400: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3211: 3184: 3154: 3127: 3095: 3037: 2838:. Parbury, Allen, and Company. 2800: 2757: 2745: 2699: 2684: 2626: 2593: 2553: 2504: 2402:, which was their own name for 2331: 2274: 1612: 1512:Key Locations Within the Mosque 994:(which is associated with Imam 555:, son of Dāwūd and king of the 7998:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 7891:at the time of Abraham and Lot 7355:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 7022:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 6514:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 5918: 5905: 3971:Higgins, Andrew (2007-06-02). 3522:Wiafe-Amoako, Francis (2021). 2132: 1987: 1787: 1684:Sayid Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi 1309:Pilgrimage and Cultural Impact 1254:, who was the half-brother of 930:), and a part of it is called 499: 86:as sites of great importance. 1: 7917: 3915:"Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran" 3413:The City in the Islamic World 3137:Encyclopedia of Sacred Places 1935: 1852:Sheikh Rukn-ud-Din Abul Fateh 1782: 1533: 1016: 82:in Medina are all revered by 8790:(The Afternoon or the Night) 8688:12 months: Four holy months 8240:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 7833:(s) or People of the Injil) 7171:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 6700:names and titles of Muhammad 6418: 5945:found in the Quran, such as 5691:Apostasy in Islam by country 5568:Liberalism and progressivism 3335:. Random House. p. 66. 3277:Limited. 2003. p. 150. 3106:. In Dumper, Michael (ed.). 3102:Lecoquierre, Marion (2019). 2725:Journal of Palestine Studies 2691:Qummi, Shaykh Abbas (2005). 2658:Janet L. Abu-Lughod (2007). 2639:The New York Review of Books 1250:, Iraq, is the mausoleum of 590: 506:Holiest sites in Sunni Islam 192:, which is the dual form of 160:, in addition to the Kaaba. 134:holiest sites in Sunni Islam 89:Within the Levant, both the 7: 8559:(Flood of the Great Dam of 6880:Adam's immediate relatives 4289:Musharraf, Hussain (2012). 3378:Darrow, William R. (2011). 3073:Darrow, William R. (2011). 2988:. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah ( 2362:. Vol. 9. p. 261. 1956:Trofimov, Yaroslav (2008), 1857: 1757:S̲h̲āh ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Shrine 1542: 1023:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 716: 492:is also in al-Baqi', while 174:Hejaz is the region in the 142:holiest sites in Shia Islam 10: 9534: 8766:('Remembrance', including 8412:(literally 'The Barrier') 7440:('Companions of the Wood') 7329:Companions of the Elephant 7278:People of the Burnt Garden 7253: 6642:('Companion of the Whale') 6238:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 5618: 4362:Honigmann, Ernst (1993) . 4242:Cambridge University Press 4052:"The Great Mosque of Kufa" 3439:Polk, William Roe (2018). 3197:. Routledge. p. 388. 3134:Brockman, Norbert (2011). 2600:Sway, Mustafa Abu (2011). 2547:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 2450:literature of some of the 1995:"اهمية المقدسات الاسلامية" 1697: 1640:according to Shia belief. 1283:Architecture and Structure 1199:Architecture and Structure 1083:Architecture and Structure 1020: 837: 783:, made to walk there from 720: 594: 571: 503: 392: 324:), it was then rebuilt by 217: 167: 33:(the holiest site) during 9495: 9454: 9382: 9305: 9266: 9215: 9181: 9145: 9118: 9040: 9033:('Mother of the Book(s)') 8948: 8942: 8937: 8903: 8737: 8708: 8677: 8659:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 8637: 8585: 8581: 8534: 8523: 8384: 8273: 8220: 8160: 8005: 7953:, literally 'The Garden') 7923: 7912: 7842:Qissis (Christian priest) 7758: 7694: 7621: 7545: 7376: 7263: 7259: 7248: 7180: 7116: 7047: 6986: 6873: 6869: 6858: 6817: 6768: 6671: 6430: 6426: 6413: 6376: 6333: 6288: 6140: 6071: 5969: 5962: 5958: 5924: 5913: 5900: 5892:People and things in the 5829: 5714: 5681: 5631: 5627: 5613: 5540: 5507: 5479:Geography and cartography 5454: 5401: 5397: 5381: 5207: 5129: 5076: 5025: 5021: 4997: 4867: 4749: 4709: 4592: 4544: 4468: 4464: 4453: 4318:10.1007/978-3-319-12003-4 4205:Asghar, Muhammad (2016). 3329:Robert D. Kaplan (2004). 3140:. ABC-CLIO. p. 267. 2284:. Usc.edu. Archived from 2200:Tucker & Roberts 2008 979:equals one pilgrimage to 790: 597:Islamization of Jerusalem 567: 562: 388: 280:of the Muslims, contains 22:Pilgrims circulating the 7889:Mesopotamian polytheists 7837:Ruhban (Christian monks) 7711:(People of the Verandah) 7588:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 7391:(literally 'The Romans') 7311:Companions of Noah's Ark 7228:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 7157:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 7077:Magicians of the Pharaoh 6979:(Muhammad's adopted son) 6271:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 6055:(fish or whale) of Jonah 5788:Islamic view of miracles 4266:Peters, Francis (1994). 3712:Aghaie, 2004, pp. 10-11. 3407:Santelli, Serge (2008). 2752:Aksan & Goffman 2007 2737:10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.68 2268:January 8, 2009, at the 2091:Dumper, Michael (2007). 1960:, New York, p. 79, 1825:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam 1816:Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam 1670: 1258:and a key figure in the 1062:prophets Adam and Noah. 977:Great Mosque of Kairouan 943:Great Mosque of Damascus 460:, contains the grave of 259: 213: 163: 9372:Forbidden fruit of Adam 8842:('Decline of the Sun') 8730:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 8460:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 7885:at the time of Muhammad 7859:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 7316:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 7212:the companion of Joshua 6046:(female ant) of Solomon 5553:Creationism (evolution) 4400:Jerusalem in the Qur'an 4189:"The Qadirya Mausoleum" 3044:Toueir, Kassem (2018). 1913:List of largest mosques 1769:ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī 1767:, contains the tomb of 1678:, Iraq, is home to the 1601:, sister of the eighth 1464:Historical Significance 1433:, contains the tomb of 934:("The Blessed Place"). 799:The Ibrahimi Mosque in 632:Al-Aqsa Mosque compound 347:, is important for the 328:(ʾIbrāhīm) and his son 8984:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 8976:(The Book of Muhammad) 8486:Cave of Seven Sleepers 8309:, literally 'Place of 8197:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 7573:Companions of the Rass 7474:Companions of Muhammad 7320:Companions of the Cave 6255:Angel of the Trumpet ( 5803:Persecution of Muslims 5701:List of former Muslims 4618:Succession to Muhammad 4209:. LIT Verlag Münster. 3795:"Abbas ibn Ali Shrine" 3415:. Brill. p. 631. 3052:. Brill. p. 501. 2858:. Ajanta Publications. 2359:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1835: 1804: 1576: 1557:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 1296:Religious Significance 1168: 1163:Imam Husayn Shrine in 1112:Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr 1039: 932:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 868: 803: 760:The Umayyad Mosque in 496:is buried in Karbala. 407: 375:his half-brother Abbas 239: 126:Companions of Muhammad 52:holiest sites in Islam 47: 9225:(literally 'lamps'): 9138:statue) of Israelites 9071:(Casket of Shekhinah) 8573:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 8420:(Black Stone) & 8200:('The Blessed Place') 7668:Daughters of Muhammad 7658:Household of Muhammad 7634:Household of Abraham 7482:(literally 'Helpers') 6937:Disciples (including 6597:the son of Zechariah) 6186:(Honourable Scribes) 6174:Bearers of the Throne 5597:Conversion to mosques 5464:Alchemy and chemistry 3733:on September 30, 2007 2852:Abbas, K. A. (1984). 2481:. Wiley. p. 49. 1823: 1795: 1680:Sayid Muhammad Shrine 1659:rested on its way to 1555: 1548:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 1270:Historical Background 1186:Historical Background 1162: 1118:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei 1106:Sheikh Murtada Ansari 1096:Burials at the Shrine 1070:Historical Background 1030: 956:, which contains the 851: 798: 464:. The two companions 402: 359:Five Pillars of Islam 231: 185:was born and raised. 21: 9005:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 8883:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 8600:('the Confederates') 8588:military expeditions 8363:The Prophet's Mosque 8321:('The Sacred Grove') 8117:(Station of Abraham) 7932:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 7608:('Companions of the 7407:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 7399:(Children of Israel) 7094:Moses' sister-in-law 7073:, who adopted Moses) 7016:, Qatafir or Qittin) 6995:Brothers (including 6741:He who spoke to God) 6064:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 6036:sleepers of the cave 6004:) of the Abyssinians 5323:Ma malakat aymanukum 4898:Association football 4378:. pp. 886–888. 2786:. pp. 166–167. 2670:. pp. 119–126. 1749:and a descendant of 1603:Twelver Shi'ite Imam 1500:Religious Importance 1478:Great Mosque of Quba 1244:Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine 1238:Abbas Ibn Ali Shrine 864:part of present-day 820:Sanctuary of Abraham 520:The Prophet's Mosque 454:The Prophet's Mosque 404:The Prophet's Mosque 39:in the holy city of 9518:Islamic holy places 8624:Expedition of Tabuk 8568:Farewell Pilgrimage 8318:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 8237:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 8056:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 8031:Iram of the Pillars 7334:People of al-Ukhdūd 7286:(Companions of the 6745:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 6012:Domesticated donkey 5982:(cow) of Israelites 4308:Blatt, Amy (2015). 3977:Wall Street Journal 3275:Europa Publications 3227:, AU Headquarters, 3162:Dodds, Jerrilynn D. 2821:Jewish Encyclopedia 2561:"Surah Al-Isra - 1" 2356:(1997). "AL-SHĀM". 1775:and a companion of 1322:Modern Developments 1225:Modern Developments 1142:Modern Developments 1031:Imam Ali Mosque in 844:Mount Sinai (Bible) 806:In Islamic belief, 698:(today part of the 412:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 80:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 54:are located in the 9079:Trumpet of Israfil 8825:('The Late-Night') 8692:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 8438:(Cave of the Bull) 8423:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 8335:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 8027:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 8012:(excluding Madyan) 7935:('The Holy Land') 7883:Meccan polytheists 7821:People of the Book 7679:Household of Salih 7654:Household of Moses 7602:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 7303:Disciples of Jesus 7275:People of Paradise 7067:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 6956:People of Solomon 6916:People of Abraham 6896:Believer of Ya-Sin 6864:People of Prophets 6562:(Jethro, Reuel or 6369:('Rebellious one') 6093:Beast of the Earth 5808:Quran and miracles 5722:Criticism of Islam 5436:Geometric patterns 5288:Gender segregation 4859:Non-denominational 3873:"Kadhimayn Shrine" 3852:"Al-Askari Shrine" 3221:(11–12 May 2004), 2309:Mustafa Abu Sway. 1836: 1805: 1771:, a descendant of 1747:Twelver Shia Islam 1707:Salman the Persian 1577: 1172:Imam Husayn Shrine 1169: 1155:Imam Husayn Shrine 1040: 869: 804: 408: 369:to the mosques of 357:'). As one of the 296:which belonged in 249:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥaram 240: 208:Ḥaramayn Ṭayyibayn 144:). As part of the 110:family of Muhammad 72:Al-Masjid al-Haram 48: 9505: 9504: 9491: 9490: 9464:(Water or fluid) 9450: 9449: 9437:Sidrat al-Muntahā 9281:(Garlic or wheat) 9211: 9210: 9207: 9206: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8875:('The Afternoon') 8866:('The Afternoon') 8796:('The Mornings') 8629:Conquest of Mecca 8614:Battle of Khaybar 8550:Event of Mubahala 8546:(Night of Decree) 8519: 8518: 8474:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 8417:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 8380: 8379: 8372:Salat (Synagogue) 8325:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 8176:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 8009:Arabian Peninsula 7984:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 7908: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7638:Brothers of Yūsuf 7509:Children of Ayyub 7502:Wife of Abu Lahab 7460:People of Fir'aun 7451:(People of Jonah) 7425:People of Shuaib 7411:People of Ibrahim 7344:People of Yathrib 7244: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7219:Nebuchadnezzar II 7112: 7111: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6813: 6812: 6682:and Strong Will') 6409: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6284: 6283: 6224:(Gabriel, chief) 6136: 6135: 5859: 5858: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5793:Domestic violence 5783:Islamic terrorism 5778:Islamic extremism 5609: 5608: 5605: 5604: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5163:Marriage contract 4993: 4992: 4953:Political aspects 4740:Story of Prophets 4509:Prophets of Islam 4385:978-90-04-09790-2 4251:978-0-521-81764-6 3537:978-1-4758-5650-7 3508:978-1-85743-116-2 3479:978-0-8108-7457-2 3452:978-0-300-22290-6 3422:978-90-04-16240-2 3393:978-0-7614-9964-0 3342:978-0-375-50804-2 3315:978-0-7546-3373-0 3284:978-1-85743-184-1 3204:978-1-134-25993-9 3177:978-0-8109-6433-4 3147:978-1-59884-654-6 3117:978-0-429-67384-9 3088:978-0-7614-9964-0 3059:978-90-04-36980-1 2793:978-1-5760-7919-5 2677:978-1-5760-7919-5 2488:978-0-471-74117-6 2452:Eastern Christian 2389:978-1-86064-912-7 2127:Asia Times Online 2104:978-1-57607-919-5 1967:978-0-307-47290-8 1665:Battle of Karbala 1634:Khadir (al-Khidr) 1630:Ibrahim (Abraham) 1506:Ali ibn Abi Talib 1490:Ibrahim (Abraham) 1408:Muhammad al-Baqir 1377:Muhammad al-Jawad 1260:Battle of Karbala 1176:Battle of Karbala 824:nocturnal journey 706:in the year 620. 636:Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa 294:Al-Hajar-ul-Aswad 282:al-Bayt ul-Ma'mur 233:The Sacred Mosque 176:Arabian Peninsula 56:Arabian Peninsula 9525: 9391:Plants of Sheba 9303: 9302: 9146:Of Noah's people 9116: 9115: 9084: 9083: 9075:Throne of Bilqis 9068:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 9009:Tablets of Stone 8939: 8938: 8922:First Pilgrimage 8738:Times for prayer 8681:Islamic calendar 8609:Battle of Hunayn 8583: 8582: 8525: 8524: 8464:Bayt al-Muqaddas 8003: 8002: 7914: 7913: 7673:Muhammad's wives 7648:Progeny of Imran 7530:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 7432:People of Madyan 7374: 7373: 7363: 7362: 7261: 7260: 7250: 7249: 6984: 6983: 6950:Zechariah's wife 6934:People of Jesus 6923:Ishmael's mother 6871: 6870: 6860: 6859: 6669: 6668: 6610:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 6595:John the Baptist 6428: 6427: 6415: 6414: 6208: 6207: 6202:Munkar and Nakir 5967: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5915: 5914: 5902: 5901: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5863: 5862: 5849: 5848: 5841:Islam portal 5839: 5838: 5837: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5456:Medieval science 5399: 5398: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5040:Economic history 5023: 5022: 4999: 4998: 4985:Islam by country 4818:Bektashi Alevism 4466: 4465: 4457:Outline of Islam 4439: 4432: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4389: 4374:. Vol. IV. 4358: 4339: 4304: 4285: 4273: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4221: 4220: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4185: 4179: 4169: 4163: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4010:"Masjid al-Kufa" 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3950:on June 12, 2008 3946:. Archived from 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3894:"Jannat al-Baqi" 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3729:. Archived from 3719: 3713: 3710: 3704: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3672: 3669: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3605: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3528:Africa 2020-2022 3519: 3513: 3512: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3375: 3369: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3252: 3244: 3235:, archived from 3215: 3209: 3208: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3014: 3008: 3007: 2995: 2976: 2970: 2961: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2931: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2892: 2882: 2876: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2829: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2720: 2711: 2710: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2606: 2597: 2591: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2370: 2364: 2363: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2320:. Archived from 2315: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2278: 2272: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2149: 2143: 2136: 2130: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2064: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2028: 2017: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1970: 1953: 1908:Lists of mosques 1888: 1886:Geography portal 1883: 1882: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1777:Muhammad al-Taqī 1494:Ismail (Ishmael) 1423:Imam Reza shrine 1418:Imam Reza Shrine 1396:Prophet Muhammad 1365:Kadhimayn Shrine 1359:Kadhimayn Shrine 1341:Al-Askari Shrine 1335:Al-Askari Shrine 766:John the Baptist 748: 739: 700:Dome of the Rock 696:Foundation Stone 618: 609: 549:Isra' and Mi'raj 541:, was the first 450:Masjid an-Nabawi 445:Masjid an-Nabawi 419:, and where his 9533: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9526: 9524: 9523: 9522: 9508: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9487: 9446: 9384: 9378: 9301: 9262: 9217: 9203: 9177: 9141: 9114: 9088: 9087:Mentioned idols 9082: 9044: 9042: 9036: 8981:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 8944: 8925: 8916:Laylat al-Mabit 8899: 8851:('The Evening') 8840:Dulūk ash-Shams 8808:('The Morning') 8802:('The Morning') 8739: 8733: 8704: 8679: 8673: 8662:Days of battles 8633: 8587: 8577: 8538:Incident of Ifk 8530: 8515: 8506:Palestine River 8376: 8345:Masjid al-Dirar 8275: 8269: 8216: 8164: 8156: 8011: 8007: 8001: 7938:'Blessed' Land' 7919: 7896: 7760: 7754: 7735:Umayyad Dynasty 7696: 7682: 7643:Lot's daughters 7627: 7626:('People of the 7625: 7617: 7569:(people of Hud) 7555: 7541: 7533:(Gog and Magog) 7416:People of Ilyas 7369: 7367: 7361: 7294:Jesus' apostles 7271:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 7255: 7236: 7182: 7176: 7140:of Moses' time) 7108: 7084:Wise, pious man 7071:Wife of Pharaoh 7063:Imraʾat Firʿawn 7050:Aaron and Moses 7049: 7043: 6999:(Benjamin) and 6988: 6982: 6900:Family of Noah 6865: 6846: 6809: 6764: 6735:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 6681: 6679: 6677: 6667: 6593:ibn Zakariyyā ( 6422: 6401: 6372: 6329: 6280: 6242:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 6232:('The Spirit') 6206: 6184:Kirāman Kātibīn 6179:Harut and Marut 6156:Angels of Hell 6132: 6067: 5954: 5920: 5909: 5896: 5890: 5860: 5855: 5835: 5833: 5817: 5739:Cultural Muslim 5710: 5677: 5633:Other religions 5623: 5619: 5601: 5536: 5503: 5450: 5393: 5391:Islamic studies 5387: 5369: 5203: 5148: 5125: 5072: 5017: 5016: 4989: 4938:Moral teachings 4881: 4863: 4837:Nation of Islam 4798:Twelver Shi'ism 4745: 4711:Religious texts 4705: 4623:Early conquests 4606: 4588: 4540: 4460: 4449: 4443: 4396: 4386: 4355: 4328: 4301: 4282: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4217: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4170: 4166: 4154: 4150: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4120: 4118: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4094:"Masjid Hanana" 4092: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4057: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4036: 4034: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3992: 3969: 3962: 3953: 3951: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3878: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3857: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3675: 3670: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3464: 3460: 3453: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3405: 3401: 3394: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3343: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3308:. p. 108. 3296: 3292: 3285: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3246: 3245: 3239:on 2007-09-28, 3216: 3212: 3205: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3159: 3155: 3148: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3015: 3011: 3004: 2977: 2973: 2962: 2958: 2947: 2943: 2932: 2928: 2917: 2910: 2899: 2895: 2883: 2879: 2867: 2863: 2850: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2815: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2721: 2714: 2707:Nafasul Mahmoom 2705: 2704: 2700: 2693:Nafasul Mahmoom 2689: 2685: 2678: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2525:10.2307/1602276 2509: 2505: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2473: 2469: 2412:Arabian deserts 2390: 2371: 2367: 2354:Bosworth, C. E. 2351: 2347: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2313: 2307: 2300: 2291: 2289: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2270:Wayback Machine 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2179: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2089: 2082: 2071: 2067: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2029: 2020: 2009: 2005: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1972: 1971: 1968: 1954: 1943: 1938: 1918:List of mosques 1884: 1879: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1818: 1790: 1785: 1713:Jamkaran Mosque 1700: 1682:, dedicated to 1673: 1646: 1615: 1550: 1545: 1536: 1514: 1502: 1466: 1451: 1420: 1385: 1361: 1353:Hasan al-Askari 1337: 1324: 1311: 1298: 1285: 1272: 1240: 1227: 1214: 1201: 1188: 1157: 1144: 1131: 1098: 1085: 1072: 1059:Imam Ali Mosque 1056: 1054:Imam Ali Mosque 1045: 1025: 1019: 958:Ibrahimi Mosque 873:Sinai Peninsula 846: 840:Sinai Peninsula 836: 834:Sinai Peninsula 793: 758: 757: 756: 755: 751: 750: 749: 741: 740: 729: 721:Main articles: 719: 692:Masjid al-Haram 628: 627: 626: 625: 621: 620: 619: 611: 610: 599: 593: 576: 570: 565: 528: 508: 502: 488:. The grave of 447: 397: 391: 316:of the prophet 270:Masjid al-Haram 262: 226: 218:Main articles: 216: 180:Islamic prophet 172: 166: 101:in the city of 99:Ibrahimi Mosque 93:in the city of 74:(including the 30:Masjid al-Haram 12: 11: 5: 9531: 9521: 9520: 9503: 9502: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9477: 9476:(River or sea) 9471: 9458: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9424: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9402: 9388: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9374: 9366: 9356: 9346: 9336: 9326: 9320: 9309: 9307: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9246: 9245: 9244: 9232: 9221: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9209: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9149: 9147: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9128: 9122: 9120: 9113: 9112: 9096: 9092: 9090: 9081: 9080: 9077: 9072: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9026: 9013: 9012: 9011: 9006: 8985: 8977: 8968: 8954: 8952: 8946: 8945: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8919: 8912: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8896: 8895: 8880: 8879: 8878: 8877: 8876: 8867: 8852: 8837: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8816:('The Night') 8811: 8810: 8809: 8803: 8791: 8772:('Praising'), 8743: 8741: 8740:or remembrance 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8722: 8712: 8710: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8685: 8683: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8619:Battle of Uhud 8616: 8611: 8606: 8604:Battle of Badr 8601: 8591: 8589: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8552: 8547: 8543:Laylat al-Qadr 8539: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8507: 8504: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8470: 8461: 8458: 8453: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8435:Ghār ath-Thawr 8431: 8426: 8401: 8400: 8399: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8366: 8365: 8360: 8347: 8342: 8332: 8322: 8300: 8295: 8288: 8279: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8258:('Township of 8253: 8243: 8242: 8241: 8227: 8225: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8186:Al-Wādil-Ayman 8180:Valley of Tuwa 8168: 8166: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8121:Safa and Marwa 8118: 8110: 8100: 8091: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8058: 8049: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8015: 8013: 8000: 7999: 7996: 7986: 7981: 7971: 7969:Door of Hittah 7966: 7954: 7941: 7940: 7939: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7920: 7910: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7886: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7861: 7846: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7804: 7792: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7772: 7769:Ahl al-Dhimmah 7764: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7752: 7746: 7737: 7732: 7730:Iranian people 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7631: 7629: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7613: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7575: 7570: 7563: 7561: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7534: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7483: 7470:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 7462: 7457: 7452: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7438:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 7435: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7400: 7392: 7384: 7377: 7371: 7360: 7359: 7358:Nation of Noah 7356: 7350: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7313: 7308: 7307: 7306: 7291: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7256: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7213: 7210:Caleb or Kaleb 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7186: 7184: 7178: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7141: 7131: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7060: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7035: 7034: 7023: 7017: 7004: 6992: 6990: 6981: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6965:Queen of Sheba 6962: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6928:Isaac's mother 6925: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6898: 6893: 6892: 6891: 6886: 6877: 6875: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6841:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 6838: 6828: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6793: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6769:Debatable ones 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6752: 6751:Friend of God) 6742: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6724: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6696: 6685: 6683: 6678:('Those of the 6666: 6665: 6655: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6637: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6598: 6588: 6577: 6567: 6557: 6552: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6525: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6465: 6455: 6445: 6434: 6432: 6424: 6423: 6411: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6392: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6362: 6346: 6344: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6320: 6312: 6305: 6297: 6295: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6272: 6264: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6239: 6236:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 6218: 6216: 6205: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6162: 6153: 6151: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6118: 6106: 6096: 6086: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6056: 6047: 6038: 6028: 6015: 6005: 5992: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5911: 5910: 5898: 5897: 5889: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5866: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5843: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5718: 5716: 5715:Related topics 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5637: 5635: 5625: 5624: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5513: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5395: 5394: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5348: 5346:Sources of law 5343: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5326: 5319: 5314: 5307: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5224: 5219: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5082: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5042: 5037: 5031: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4970:Social welfare 4967: 4962: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4755: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4633:Historiography 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4550: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4494: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4474: 4472: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4395: 4394:External links 4392: 4391: 4390: 4384: 4368:Houtsma, M. T. 4359: 4354:978-1851098415 4353: 4340: 4327:978-3319120027 4326: 4305: 4299: 4286: 4280: 4263: 4250: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4215: 4197: 4180: 4164: 4148: 4127: 4117:. Al-Islam.org 4106: 4096:. Al-Islam.org 4085: 4075:. Al-Islam.org 4073:"Masjid Sahla" 4064: 4043: 4022: 4012:. Al-Islam.org 4001: 3960: 3931: 3906: 3896:. Al-Islam.org 3885: 3875:. Al-Islam.org 3864: 3843: 3834: 3825: 3816: 3807: 3797:. Al-Islam.org 3786: 3774: 3765: 3756: 3744: 3714: 3705: 3696: 3687: 3673: 3659: 3650: 3638: 3629: 3620: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3536: 3514: 3507: 3485: 3478: 3458: 3451: 3431: 3421: 3399: 3392: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3341: 3321: 3314: 3290: 3283: 3260: 3210: 3203: 3183: 3176: 3153: 3146: 3126: 3116: 3094: 3087: 3065: 3058: 3036: 3030:978-1483563039 3029: 3009: 3003:978-2745151360 3002: 2971: 2956: 2941: 2926: 2908: 2893: 2877: 2861: 2844: 2824: 2813: 2799: 2792: 2768: 2764:Honigmann 1993 2756: 2744: 2712: 2709:. p. 368. 2698: 2683: 2676: 2650: 2633:Birke, Sarah. 2625: 2592: 2577: 2552: 2538: 2503: 2487: 2467: 2461:Western Europe 2388: 2365: 2345: 2330: 2327:on 2011-07-28. 2298: 2273: 2255: 2243: 2231: 2229:, p. 195. 2227:Musharraf 2012 2219: 2204: 2202:, p. 673. 2192: 2177: 2164: 2144: 2131: 2110: 2103: 2080: 2065: 2050: 2043: 2018: 2003: 1986: 1966: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1890: 1889: 1875: 1859: 1856: 1817: 1814: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1773:Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī 1741:, the seventh 1699: 1696: 1672: 1669: 1657:Husayn ibn Ali 1645: 1642: 1614: 1611: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1501: 1498: 1474:Al-Aqsa Mosque 1465: 1462: 1454:Masjid al-Kufa 1450: 1449:Masjid al-Kufa 1447: 1419: 1416: 1412:Jafar al-Sadiq 1404:Ali ibn Husayn 1388:Jannat al-Baqi 1384: 1383:Jannat al-Baqi 1381: 1373:Musa al-Kadhim 1360: 1357: 1336: 1333: 1323: 1320: 1310: 1307: 1297: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1271: 1268: 1256:Husayn ibn Ali 1239: 1236: 1226: 1223: 1213: 1210: 1200: 1197: 1187: 1184: 1156: 1153: 1143: 1140: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1109: 1097: 1094: 1084: 1081: 1071: 1068: 1055: 1052: 1044: 1041: 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1006: 999: 984: 961: 946: 835: 832: 792: 789: 753: 752: 743: 742: 734: 733: 732: 731: 730: 727:Umayyad Mosque 718: 715: 623: 622: 613: 612: 604: 603: 602: 601: 600: 592: 589: 574:Syria (region) 572:Main article: 569: 566: 564: 561: 539:Masjid al-Aqṣā 527: 526:Masjid al-Aqsa 524: 504:Main article: 501: 498: 476:in located in 446: 443: 393:Main article: 390: 387: 371:Husayn ibn Ali 361:, every adult 261: 258: 215: 212: 168:Main article: 165: 162: 91:Umayyad Mosque 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9530: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9499: 9494: 9483: 9480: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9428: 9425: 9422: 9418: 9415: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9387: 9383:Bushes, trees 9381: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9360: 9357: 9354: 9350: 9347: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9295: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9220: 9214: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119:Of Israelites 9117: 9110: 9106: 9105: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9089:(cult images) 9085: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9065: 9063: 9062:Staff of Musa 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9039: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9024: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9010: 9007: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8992: 8991: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8940: 8936: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8874: 8873: 8868: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8807: 8804: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8758: 8753: 8749: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8729: 8728: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8678:Months of the 8676: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8556:Sayl al-ʿArim 8553: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477:(Mesopotamia) 8476: 8475: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8383: 8373: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8340: 8339:Sacred Mosque 8336: 8333: 8330: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8272: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8247: 8244: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8233: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8175: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8165:or Tīh Desert 8163: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8114:Maqām Ibrāhīm 8111: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8010: 8004: 7997: 7994: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7915: 7911: 7890: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7864:Rabbani/Rabbi 7862: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7780: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7773: 7771: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7757: 7751: 7747: 7745: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7693: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7624: 7620: 7611: 7607: 7606:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 7604: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7487: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7421:People of Nuh 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7364: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7284:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 7282: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7251: 7247: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7200:Bal'am/Balaam 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183:not specified 7179: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7037: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6985: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6945:Mary's mother 6943: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6907: 6905: 6904:Father Lamech 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6861: 6857: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6729:(Son of Mary) 6728: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654:son of Jacob) 6653: 6649: 6646: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6576:son of David) 6575: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6375: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6357:(the (chief) 6356: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6287: 6276: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6089:Dābbat al-Arḍ 6087: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6037: 6034:(dog) of the 6033: 6029: 6026: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5887: 5882: 5880: 5875: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5852: 5844: 5842: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5754:Post-Islamism 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5651:Protestantism 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5612: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5494:Ophthalmology 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242:Death penalty 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208:Other aspects 5206: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5012:Jurisprudence 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4751:Denominations 4748: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4536:Holiest sites 4534: 4532: 4531:Judgement Day 4529: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4458: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4428: 4426: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4300:9781847740236 4296: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4281:9780691026190 4277: 4272: 4271: 4264: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4218: 4216:9783643908360 4212: 4208: 4201: 4190: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4137: 4131: 4116: 4110: 4095: 4089: 4074: 4068: 4053: 4047: 4032: 4026: 4011: 4005: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3965: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3921:on 2010-11-27 3920: 3916: 3910: 3895: 3889: 3874: 3868: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3811: 3796: 3790: 3781: 3779: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3749: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3654: 3645: 3643: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3462: 3454: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3395: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3380:"Holy Places" 3374: 3365: 3356: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3264: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3214: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3187: 3179: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3149: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3130: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3110:. Routledge. 3109: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075:"Holy Places" 3069: 3061: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3013: 3005: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2857: 2856: 2848: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2817: 2810:. 2005-04-26. 2809: 2803: 2795: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2766:, p. 886 2765: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2708: 2702: 2694: 2687: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2654: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2566: 2562: 2556: 2548: 2542: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2500: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432:Orontes river 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2416:Bilad al-Sham 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2400:Bilad al-Sham 2397: 2391: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2374:Salibi, K. S. 2369: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2342: 2341: 2334: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2288:on 2011-01-07 2287: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2259: 2253:, p. 27. 2252: 2247: 2241:, p. 22. 2240: 2235: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2167: 2165:0-87779-546-0 2161: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2124: 2121:|archive-url= 2120: 2114: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2087: 2085: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1982: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1876: 1873: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1813: 1811: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739:Musa al-Kazim 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649:Masjid Hanana 1644:Masjid Hanana 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1626:Idris (Enoch) 1623: 1619: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587:contains the 1586: 1582: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1540: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1507: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1456:, located in 1455: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1437:, the eighth 1436: 1432: 1428: 1425:, located in 1424: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400:Hasan ibn Ali 1397: 1393: 1389: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1315: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1289: 1280: 1276: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:Abbas ibn Ali 1249: 1245: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1205: 1196: 1192: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1166: 1161: 1152: 1148: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1051: 1048: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1000: 997: 993: 989: 985: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 959: 955: 951: 947: 944: 940: 939: 938: 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 845: 841: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 802: 797: 788: 786: 782: 777: 775: 771: 767: 763: 747: 738: 728: 724: 714: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688: 683: 682: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 617: 608: 598: 588: 586: 582: 581: 575: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 545: 540: 536: 532: 523: 521: 517: 513: 507: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 442: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 413: 405: 401: 396: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 351: 346: 342: 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 286:Maqam Ibrahim 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 257: 255: 251: 250: 245: 238: 234: 230: 225: 221: 211: 209: 205: 204:Mamluk period 201: 197: 196: 191: 186: 184: 181: 177: 171: 161: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 114:Sunni Muslims 111: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 87: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 46: 42: 38: 37: 32: 31: 25: 20: 16: 9497: 9481: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9426: 9416: 9404: 9394: 9368:In Paradise 9358: 9348: 9338: 9328: 9322: 9312: 9296: 9293:(Plant stem) 9290: 9284: 9278: 9272: 9267:Plant matter 9254: 9248: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9131: 9102: 9098: 9066: 9030:Umm al-Kitāb 9028: 9015: 9002:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 9000: 8987: 8979: 8970: 8957: 8914: 8910:Ghadir Khumm 8894:('The Dawn') 8888: 8882: 8869: 8863: 8854: 8845: 8839: 8836:('The Noon') 8830: 8819: 8813: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8745: 8724: 8715: 8665:Days of Hajj 8653: 8650:(The Friday) 8644: 8596: 8554: 8541: 8509:Paradise of 8496:Jordan River 8491:Dār an-Nadwa 8490: 8472: 8434: 8429:Cave of Hira 8421: 8416: 8406: 8353:Masjid Qubāʾ 8352: 8334: 8324: 8316: 8302: 8290: 8282: 8256:Qaryat Yūnus 8255: 8245: 8235: 8195: 8185: 8171: 8162:Sinai Region 8144:Dam of Sheba 8139: 8127: 8112: 8102: 8093: 8078: 8060: 8038: 8026: 8018: 7988: 7983: 7973: 7956: 7943: 7930: 7848: 7826: 7817:Ahl al-Kitāb 7816: 7794: 7790:Zoroastrians 7786: 7781:disbelievers 7774: 7767: 7725:Banu Qurayza 7720:Banu Qaynuqa 7709:Ahl as-Suffa 7708: 7622: 7605: 7577: 7546: 7529: 7514:Sons of Adam 7469: 7445: 7437: 7428: 7402: 7396:Banī Isrāʾīl 7394: 7387: 7352: 7315: 7298: 7283: 7270: 7215:Luqman's son 7062: 7026: 7019: 7009: 6913:Luqman's son 6884:Martyred son 6776:Dhūl-Qarnain 6726: 6716: 6680:Perseverance 6672: 6650:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 6640:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 6639: 6628:('He of the 6625: 6538:Dhabih Ullah 6394: 6389: 6383: 6364: 6352: 6334: 6322: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6289: 6268:Malakul-Mawt 6266: 6241: 6235: 6227: 6212: 6183: 6164: 6141: 6120: 6108: 6098: 6088: 6078: 6059: 6050: 6041: 6031: 6027:) of Solomon 6018: 6007: 5995: 5986: 5977: 5946: 5766:Islamophobia 5641:Christianity 5589: 5522:Contemporary 5416:Architecture 5355: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5255: 5248: 5214: 5196: 5191:Nikah mut'ah 5189: 5182: 5175: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5118: 5106: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 4957: 4738: 4662: 4644: 4637: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4546:Five Pillars 4535: 4523: 4489: 4478:God in Islam 4455: 4371: 4344: 4309: 4290: 4269: 4255:. Retrieved 4236: 4228:Bibliography 4206: 4200: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4140:. Retrieved 4138:. Britannica 4130: 4119:. Retrieved 4109: 4098:. Retrieved 4088: 4077:. Retrieved 4067: 4056:. Retrieved 4054:. Britannica 4046: 4035:. Retrieved 4025: 4014:. Retrieved 4004: 3993:. Retrieved 3976: 3952:. Retrieved 3948:the original 3943: 3934: 3923:. Retrieved 3919:the original 3909: 3898:. Retrieved 3888: 3877:. Retrieved 3867: 3856:. Retrieved 3854:. Britannica 3846: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3810: 3799:. Retrieved 3789: 3768: 3759: 3735:. Retrieved 3731:the original 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3653: 3632: 3623: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3527: 3524:"Mauritania" 3517: 3498: 3495:"Mauritania" 3488: 3468: 3461: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3412: 3402: 3383: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3331: 3324: 3300: 3293: 3269: 3263: 3240: 3237:the original 3223: 3213: 3193: 3186: 3166: 3156: 3136: 3129: 3121: 3107: 3097: 3078: 3068: 3049: 3039: 3023:. BookBaby. 3019: 3012: 2984: 2974: 2959: 2944: 2929: 2896: 2880: 2864: 2854: 2847: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2816: 2802: 2778: 2771: 2759: 2747: 2728: 2724: 2706: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2663: 2653: 2642:. Retrieved 2638: 2628: 2616:. Retrieved 2612: 2608: 2595: 2580: 2568:. Retrieved 2564: 2555: 2546: 2541: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2498: 2492:. Retrieved 2477: 2470: 2393: 2378: 2368: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2333: 2322:the original 2290:. Retrieved 2286:the original 2276: 2258: 2246: 2234: 2222: 2207: 2195: 2169:. Retrieved 2154: 2147: 2139: 2134: 2113: 2097:. 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