Hajj - Knowledge

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should sanctify My House for those who compass it round or use it as a retreat, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).... And remember Abraham and Ishmael raised the foundations of the House (2:124–127)" and "And proclaim the Pilgrimage among men: they will come to thee on foot and (mounted) on every kind of camel, through deep and distant mountain highways, that they may witness the benefits (provided) for them, and celebrate the name of Allah, through the Days appointed, over the cattle which He has provided for them (for sacrifice): then eat ye thereof and feed the distressed one, the needy. Then let them complete the rites prescribed for them, perform their vows, and (again) circumambulate the Ancient House." (22:27–29)

2260:, which has, since the 1950s, spent more than $ 100 billion to increase pilgrimage facilities. Major issues like housing, transportation, sanitation, and health care have been addressed and improved greatly by the government by introducing various development programs, with the result that pilgrims now enjoy modern facilities and perform various rites at ease. The Saudi government often sets quotas for various countries to keep the pilgrims' number at a manageable level, and arranges huge security forces and CCTV cameras to maintain overall safety during Hajj. Various institutions and government programs, such as the 3495: 2014: 1796: 3435: 2634: 259: 9766: 3459: 1808: 1570: 11340: 3514: 1784: 3471: 1968: 3447: 2536:. Instead, pilgrims simply point at it on each circuit around the Kaaba. Also, the large pillars used for pebble throwing were changed into long walls in 2004 with basins below to catch the stones. Another example is that animal sacrifice is now done at slaughterhouses appointed by the Saudi authorities, without the pilgrims being present there. In the 70s and 80s, a number of deaths occurred, this was because of a stampede or a siege. 1267: 3483: 5753: 1860: 1767:, running or walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, located near the Kaaba. Previously in the open air, the place is now entirely enclosed by the Sacred Mosque, and can be accessed via air-conditioned tunnels. Pilgrims are advised to walk the circuit, though two green pillars mark a short section of the path where they run. There is also an internal "express lane" for elderly or disabled people. After 11329: 886: 1868: 5745: 295: 2071: 1647: 1059:) is fulfilled. The word Hajj means "pilgrimage made to the Kaaba", a long pious journey taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and the inward act of good intentions. The rites of pilgrimage are performed over five to six days, extending from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of 1702:. If kissing or touching the stone is not possible because of crowds, pilgrims may simply point towards the stone with their right hand on each circuit. Eating is not permitted but the drinking of water is permitted and encouraged, because of the risk of dehydration. Men are encouraged to perform the first three circuits at a hurried pace, known as 2187:, the study noted that the Hajj "increases belief in equality and harmony among ethnic groups and Islamic sects and leads to more favourable attitudes toward women, including greater acceptance of female education and employment" and that "Hajjis show increased belief in peace, equality and harmony among adherents of different religions." 2202:

exist between the white and the non-white. America needs to understand Islam because this is the one religion that erases from its society the race problem. You may be shocked by these words coming from me. But on this pilgrimage, what I have seen, and experienced, has forced me to rearrange much of my thought-patterns previously held.

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10th, without the pilgrim being physically present. Modern abattoirs complete the processing of the meat, which is then sent as a charity to poor people around the world. At the same time as the sacrifices occur at Mecca, Muslims worldwide perform similar sacrifices, in a three-day global festival called

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There were tens of thousands of pilgrims, from all over the world. They were of all colors, from blue-eyed blondes to black-skinned Africans. But we were all participating in the same ritual, displaying a spirit of unity and brotherhood that my experiences in America had led me to believe never could

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literature (sayings of Muhammad) lists various merits a pilgrim achieves upon successful completion of their Hajj. After successful pilgrimage, pilgrims can prefix their names with the title 'Al-Hajji', and are held with respect in Muslim society. However, Islamic scholars suggest Hajj should signify

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The verses read: "And remember that Abraham was tried by his Lord with certain commands, which he fulfilled.... Remember We made the House a place of assembly for men and a place of safety, and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of prayer; and We covenanted with Abraham and Ishmael, that they

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and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date for Hajj changes from year to year. Thus, each year in the Gregorian calendar, the pilgrimage starts eleven days (sometimes ten days) earlier. This makes it possible for the Hajj season to fall twice in one

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There has been a substantial increase in the number of pilgrims during the last 92 years, and the number of foreign pilgrims has increased by approximately 2,824 percent, from 58,584 in 1920 to 1,712,962 in 2012. Because of development and expansion work at Masjid al-Haram, the authority restricted

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published research which suggested climate actions which included adapting the Great Mosque for solar power. In the Summer of 2024, Saudi officials reported treating more than 2,000 people for heat stress. As of June 21 550 people had died from heat stroke. At least 320 of the dead were from Egypt.

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When pilgrims enter into the state of Ihram, they are required to abstain from certain actions. While in ihram, males are required to wear two white seamless cloths, with one wrapped around the waist reaching below the knee and the other draped over the left shoulder and tied at the right side. For

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firm intends to build hotels, shopping malls and apartments which is claimed to be an estimated value of three billion dollars. According to The Embassy of Saudi Arabia, the Saudi government are working towards establishing programs which promote sanitation, housing, transportation, and welfare as

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During official Hajj days, pilgrims travel between the different locations by metro, bus or on foot. The Saudi government strictly controls vehicles access into these heavily congested areas. However, the journey can take many hours due to heavy vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In 2010, the Saudi

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within minutes through campaigns and companies. For the upcoming Umrah season, visas can be electronically issued within 24 hours via a special platform established by the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah. For passengers traveling from the United States, they must purchase a package from a licensed Hajj

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The Saudi government employs technology to protect the safety, and enhance the experience, of the pilgrim's journey. Recently, the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah has introduced the Hajj pilgrims' e-bracelet program that stores pilgrims' essential data and which helps to provide them with the necessary

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as an exclusive shuttle train for pilgrims between Arafat, Muzdalifa and Mina. The service, which operates only during the days of Hajj, shortens the travel time during the critical "Nafrah" from Arafat to Muzdalifah to minutes. Due to its limited capacity, the use of the metro is not open to all

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to commemorate the story of Ibrahim and Ismael. Traditionally the pilgrims slaughtered the animal themselves or oversaw the slaughtering. Today many pilgrims buy a sacrifice voucher in Mecca before the greater Hajj begins, which allows an animal to be slaughtered in the name of God (Allah) on the

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is meant to show equality of all pilgrims in front of God, with no difference between the rich and the poor. Donning such unsewn white garments entirely is believed to distance man from material ostentation, and engross him in a world of purity and spirituality, since clothes are believed to show

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on the 8th day of Dhu al-Hijjah. If pilgrims wanted to stay at Arafat, they would have prepared water from Mecca and carried it by themselves there. So they told each other to drink enough. Finally, this day called Tarwiyah that means to quench thirst in the Arabic language. Tarwiyah Day is the

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to Mecca, cleansed the Kaaba by destroying all the pagan idols, and then consecrated the building to God. In AD 632, Muhammad performed his only and last pilgrimage with a large number of followers, and instructed them on the rites of Hajj. It was from this point that Hajj became one of the five

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literature describes in detail the manners of carrying out the rites of Hajj, and pilgrims generally follow handbooks and expert guides to successfully fulfill the requirements of Hajj. In performing the rites of Hajj, the pilgrims not only follow the model of Muhammad, but also commemorate the

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According to the official published statistics between 2000 and 2019, the average number of attendees is 2,269,145 per year, of which 1,564,710 come from outside Saudi Arabia and 671,983 are local. The year 2012 marks the highest number of participants with 3,161,573. In June 2020, while not

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and other religious advice. Two interactive apps were launched by Hajj authorities to provide pilgrims with a range of services through their smartphones. The services, which are available in nine languages, help pilgrims in finding emergency service centres, holy sites, currency exchanges,

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noted the skeletons of the faithful who had died of thirst en route. In the 17th century, a group of Egyptian pilgrims lost over 1,500 people and 900 camels. In 1924 around one-fifth of a group of Syrian pilgrims died and two years later, 12,000 are thought to have died during the journey.

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As of June 23 2024, more than 1000 people had died, more than half of them were from Egypt. The government revoked the licenses of 16 travel agencies that helped unauthorized pilgrims travel to Saudi Arabia. As of July 2 the Saudi government said that 1301 people had died doing the Hajj.

1723:(Muqam Ibrahim), a site near the Kaaba inside the mosque. However, again because of large crowds during the days of Hajj, they may instead pray anywhere in the mosque. After prayer, pilgrims also drink water from the Zamzam well, which is made available in coolers throughout the Mosque. 2025:(Ramy al-Jamarat) by throwing seven stones from sunrise to sunset at only the largest of the three pillars, known as Jamrat al-Aqabah. The remaining two pillars (jamarah) are not stoned on this day. These pillars are said to represent Satan. Pilgrims climb ramps to the multi-levelled 1141:

by throwing stones at three pillars. After the sacrifice of cattle (which can be accomplished by using a voucher), the pilgrims then are required to either shave or trim their heads (if male) or trim the ends of their hair (if female). A celebration of the four-day global festival of

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decide to purchase packages from licensed Hajj agencies in their countries. This helps direct the flow of traffic into the Kingdom and allows for pilgrims to work directly with a business responsible for their services instead of dealing directly with Saudi Arabia's government.

1983:(sunset) prayer at Arafat. Muzdalifah is an area between Arafat and Mina. Upon reaching there, pilgrims perform Maghrib and Isha prayer jointly, spend the night praying and sleeping on the ground with open sky, and gather pebbles for the next day's ritual of the stoning of the 2465:

Rising global temperatures mean that in the future, people undertaking Hajj could face "extreme danger" due to heat and humidity. Projected temperature rises of 1.5° to 2° could have significant impacts on the health of participants, many of whom are elderly. In 2021

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For example, one such Hadith says Abu Huraira quoted Muhammad as saying: "Whoever performs Hajj for God's pleasure and does not have sexual relations with his wife, and does not do evil or sins then he will return (after Hajj free from all sins) as if he were born

1101:. During Hajj, pilgrims join processions of millions of Muslim people, who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of pre-Islamic rituals (reformed by Muhammad): each person wears a single piece of unstitched white clothing ( 2585:

In 2014, Saudi Arabia was expected to have earned up to $ 8.5 billion from Hajj. Saudi Arabia's highest source of revenue after oil and gas is Hajj and the country is expected to depend more on Hajj as the amounts of available oil and gas for sale decline.

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because of mass gatherings during the Hajj. Saudi Health Minister Abdullah Al-Rabia said authorities have detected no cases of MERS among the pilgrims so far. He also said that, despite few cases of MERS, Saudi Arabia was ready for the 2014 pilgrimage.

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a Muslim's religious commitment, and should not be a measurement of their social status. Hajj brings together and unites the Muslims from different parts of the world irrespective of their race, colour, and culture, which acts as a symbol of equality.

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During medieval times, pilgrims would gather in the big cities of Syria, Egypt, and Iraq to go to Mecca in groups and caravans comprising tens of thousands of pilgrims, often under state patronage. Hajj caravans, particularly with the advent of the

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Finally, before leaving Mecca, pilgrims perform a farewell tawaf called the Tawaf al-Wadaa. 'Wadaa' means 'to bid farewell'. The pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times counter-clockwise, and if they can, attempt to touch or kiss the Kaaba.

1158:), or "lesser pilgrimage" to Mecca at other times of the year. However, the Umrah is not a substitute for the Hajj and Muslims are still obliged to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so. 2531:

led to the death of 1,462 people. Afterwards, various crowd-control techniques were adopted to improve safety. Because of large crowds, some of the rituals have become more symbolic. For example, it is no longer necessary to kiss the

1698:, pilgrims also include Hateem – an area at the north side of the Kaaba – inside their path. Each circuit starts and ends with the kissing or touching of the Black Stone. Pilgrims also point to the stone and recite a prayer known as 1283: 1280: 2160:. If in a given year, an adult Muslim is in good health and their life and wealth are safe, they must perform the Hajj in the same year. Delaying it is considered sinful unless the delay is caused by reasons beyond their control. 2457:

per day. Transport, lodging, food, and waste generated an estimated 3.0 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent during the 2011 Hajj season. Most pilgrims travel to Mecca by air and long-haul air travel accounts for 60% of

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To enter Saudi Arabia to participate in the Hajj as a Muslim, visa requirements have to be satisfied. Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Hajj and Umrah is planning to ease visas issuance by enabling Hajj and Umrah pilgrims to obtain

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Makkah Route Initiative is an initiative made by the Saudi government to facilitate the pilgrims entries to Saudi Arabia by completing it in the airports of their countries. The initiative has been implemented since 2018 by

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for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home.

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Furthermore, the increase of religious tourism from about 12 million Muslims annually to almost 17 million by 2025 has given rise to increasing luxury hotel businesses in the area to accommodate pilgrims. The

2301:, with 2,950 participants from over 100 countries. The event aims at exploring the use of technology to provide solutions for Hajj pilgrims. In 2019, the "Fatwa Robot" service was launched to provide pilgrims with 8302: 1741:, the Oneness of God. The heart and soul of the pilgrim should move around Kaaba, the symbol of the House of God, in a way that no worldly attraction distracts him from this path. Only Tawhid should attract him. 2495:

The project is implemented in 30 camps in Mina where pilgrims are encouraged to sort out their wastes. Moreover, the proceeds are used for charitable purposes. The project has a number of objectives as follows:

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To Muslims, Hajj is associated with religious as well as social significance. The obligation for performing this pilgrimage is only fulfilled if it is done on the eighth to twelfth day of the last month of the

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also have dedicated terminals or temporary facilities to service pilgrims as they depart for the Hajj and return home. During Hajj, many airlines run extra flights to accommodate the large number of pilgrims.

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Making sure that the pilgrims' health conditions comply with the requirements and to make certain that the potential pilgrims have taken preventive measures related to the epidemiological situation in the

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Pilgrim numbers have greatly increased in recent years, which has led to numerous accidents and deaths due to overcrowding. The first major accident during Hajj in modern times occurred in 1990, when a

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but found none. Returning in despair to Ishmael, she saw the baby scratching the ground with his leg and a water fountain sprang forth underneath his foot. Later, Abraham was commanded to build the

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Starting from noon to sunset on the 11 Dhu al-Hijjah (and again the following day), the pilgrims again throw seven pebbles at each of the three pillars in Mina. This is commonly known as the "

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On the 8th Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims are reminded of their duties. They again don the Ihram garments and confirm their intention to make the pilgrimage. The prohibitions of Ihram start now.

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introduced the first airline service for Hajj pilgrims in 1937. Today, many airlines and travel agents offer Hajj packages, and arrange for transportation and accommodation for the pilgrims.

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After sacrificing an animal, another important rite of Hajj is the shaving or trimming of head hair (known as Halak). All male pilgrims shave their head or trim their hair on the day of

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began to be used in the pilgrimage journey to Mecca, and the number of pilgrims traveling on sea routes increased. This continued for some time, until air travel came to predominate;

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In 2017, the Hajj and Umrah revenues were expected to exceed US$ 150 billion by 2022. Hajj revenues are expected to cross US$ 350 billion by 2032, according to a report published by

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Apart from being an obligatory religious duty, the Hajj is seen to have a spiritual merit that provides Muslims with an opportunity of self-renewal. Hajj serves as a reminder of the

2029:, from which they can throw their pebbles at the jamarat. Because of safety reasons, in 2004 the pillars were replaced by long walls, with catch basins below to collect the pebbles. 80: 7297: 6517:

Gannon, Martin Joseph; Baxter, Ian W. F.; Collinson, Elaine; Curran, Ross; Farrington, Thomas; Glasgow, Steven; Godsman, Elliot M.; Gori, Keith; Jack, Gordon R. A. (11 June 2017).

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During their journey for Hajj, pilgrims traditionally also travel to the city of Medina (approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the northeast), in particular to pray at the

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Kremer, Michael; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz; Clingingsmith, David (April 2008). "Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering". Papers.ssrn.com.

5088: 3434: 6980: 6228: 4583: 2086:, an essential part of Hajj. It symbolizes being in a hurry to respond to God and show love for Him, an obligatory part of Hajj. The night of the 10th is spent back at Mina. 1602:

is the name given to the special spiritual state, state of holiness, which marks the start of the ritual of Hajj for each person. Ihram is initiated upon the arrival to the

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On 12 Dhu al-Hijjah, the same process of the stoning of the pillars as of 11 Dhu al-Hijjah takes place. Pilgrims may leave Mina for Mecca before sunset on the 12th.

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The table below shows the Gregorian dates of Hajj in recent years (the dates correspond to 9 Dhul-Hijjah of the Hijri calendar). Prospective dates are approximate:

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created the first green guide to Hajj. In 2019, Saudi Arabia launched an environment-friendly Hajj initiative under the auspices of the environmental technologist

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already residing in the country. It also noted that the hospitality and housing industries that rely entirely on Hajj revenue would face severe loss of revenue.

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individuality and distinction and create superficial barriers that separate individuals. The garments of Ihram are seen as the antithesis of that individualism.

11580: 7002: 6689: 1051:(fasting during Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people and submission to 10339: 9641: 6197: 9249: 8513: 8075:

Barasheed, Osamah; Rashid, Harunor; Heron, Leon; Ridda, Iman; Haworth, Elizabeth; Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan; Dwyer, Dominic E.; Booy, Robert (November 2014).

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A 2008 study on the impact of participating in the Islamic pilgrimage found that Muslim communities become more positive and tolerant after Hajj. Titled

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with hands and face uncovered;. Other prohibitions include refraining from clipping nails, shaving any part of the body, having sexual relations; using

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If unable to leave on the 12th before sunset or opt to stay longer, they must perform the stoning ritual again on the 13th before returning to Mecca.

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countries do not need a visa to enter Saudi Arabia and vice versa. People with Saudi visas are not allowed to enter the site unless they are Muslim.

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Despite safety measures, incidents may happen during the Hajj as pilgrims are trampled or ramps collapse under the weight of the many visitors.

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in Medina have dedicated pilgrim terminals to assist with the large numbers of pilgrims. Other international airports around the world, such as

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Although they share common rites, Umrah can be performed in less than a few hours while Hajj is more time-consuming, and involves more rituals.

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based in Malaysia assist pilgrims in covering the costs of the journey. For the 2014 Hajj, special Hajj information desks were set up at

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have recorded detailed accounts of Hajj journeys in medieval times. The caravans followed well-established routes called in Arabic

1945:. Lasting from noon through sunset, this is known as 'standing before God' (wuquf), one of the most significant rites of Hajj. At 11645: 11040: 10961: 8180: 7746: 3546: 2650: 2615: 1163: 669: 233: 8116: 7928: 6799: 5170: 10981: 9929: 9548: 9313: 7898: 7069: 7039: 6863: 6833: 1385:

robbers or natural hazards, and to ensure that the pilgrims were supplied with the necessary provisions. Muslim travelers like

6601: 3458: 2256:. Making necessary arrangements each year for the growing number of pilgrims poses a logistic challenge for the government of 10991: 10948: 9675: 9582: 9520: 9496: 8725: 8663: 8296: 7266: 7141: 7102: 6489: 6410: 6373: 6303: 6261: 6191: 6072: 6030: 5930: 5822: 5620: 5578: 5487: 5321: 5279: 5020: 4992: 4923: 4884: 4842: 4792: 4754: 4713: 4666: 4616: 4577: 4532: 4383: 4311: 4094: 3925: 3886: 3731: 3686: 2441: 2400: 556: 12519: 9765: 8543: 6585: 5390: 13529: 11655: 11511: 11483: 7690: 6495: 5958: 2396: 2184: 2374:

Codifying and sorting luggage at the pilgrims' airports and delivering them to the pilgrims' hotels directly upon arrival.

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from the 7th century AD, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Mecca stated in Muslim sources stretches back to the time of

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alone in the desert of ancient Mecca. In search of water, Hajar desperately ran seven times between the two hills of

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prayers together at noontime. A pilgrim's Hajj is considered invalid if they do not spend the afternoon on Arafat.

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In February 2020, Saudi Arabia temporarily banned foreign pilgrims from entering Mecca and Medina to prevent the

916: 155: 9335: 7628: 7519: 7357: 3953: 11630: 11625: 11263: 10821: 10719: 5447: 1773:, male pilgrims shave or trim their hair and women generally clip a portion of their hair, which completes the 861: 8509: 4744: 14206: 13750: 11617: 10631: 10390: 10125: 8204:"Saudi Arabia's drastic measures to curb the COVID-19 outbreak: temporary suspension of the Umrah pilgrimage" 4255: 605: 14058: 12938: 9629: 9283: 5200: 4113: 3980: 2218:

Both are Islamic pilgrimages, the main difference is their level of importance and the method of observance.

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who deliver it from near Jabal al-Rahmah (The Mount of Mercy) from where Muhammad is said to have delivered

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Central section reserved for the elderly and the disabled. It is also divided into two directions of travel.

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in Islam refers to act of traveling to Mecca to perform the various rituals associated with the pilgrimage.

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Hajj has a considerable environmental impact, with the average pilgrim contributing about 60.5 kg CO

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Between 1940 and 1945, foreign pilgrims were restricted from arriving in Saudi Arabia as a result of

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Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

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The largest Jamarah (pillar) these pillars depict the evils in Islam and are stoned by the devotees.

2343:. In 2019, the initiative is planned to provide service to around 225,000 pilgrims from airports in 1672: 1170:. Similar restrictions applied in 2021, but women were permitted to attend without a male guardian ( 15233: 14335: 14023: 13923: 11640: 11280: 11009: 10833: 10606: 10144: 9071: 8567:"Hajj and the chaos of the Great War: Pilgrims of the Dutch East Indies in World War I (1914-1918)" 7258: 5110: 4834: 3847: 2459: 2327: 1432:

Gregorian year, and it does so every 33 years. The last time this phenomenon occurred was in 2006.

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On the same or the following day, the pilgrims re-visit the Sacred Mosque in Mecca for another

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From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement

9027: 8941: 8915: 8889: 8863: 8834: 8808: 8782: 8753: 8711: 8653: 8566: 7252: 7131: 7092: 6443: 6365: 5920: 5812: 5610: 5263: 4982: 4828: 4650: 4606: 4561: 4518: 4140: 3915: 3876: 1323:(which he did with the help of Ishmael) and to invite people to perform pilgrimage there. The 14434: 14303: 14200: 12995: 12862: 12651: 12555: 12410: 12323: 12035: 11800: 11496: 11241: 11219: 10038: 9915: 9861: 9744: 9730: 9196: 9170: 9097: 9045: 8993: 7170: 7133:

Differentiating Islam: Colonialism, Sayyid Qutb, and Religious Transformation in Modern Egypt

6519:"Travelling for Umrah: destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions" 6451: 6400: 6293: 6133: 6062: 6020: 5856: 5564: 5516: 5477: 4913: 4874: 4782: 4472: 4202: 3721: 2387:

as a means of transport. During the second half of the nineteenth century (after the 1850s),

2222: 2194: 1732:

is now also performed on the first floor and roof of the mosque because of the large crowds.

1316: 1271: 1016: 795: 620: 404: 359: 86: 55: 8967: 7839: 4412: 2197:, describes the sociological atmosphere he experienced at his Hajj in the 1960s as follows: 14456: 14051: 13935: 13917: 13066: 12892: 11668: 11539: 11491: 10908: 10815: 10760: 9813: 9661: 7557: 7403: 4476: 4373: 2614:

In July 2020, the WSJ reported that following the COVID-19 pandemic, the Saudi authorities

2095: 2022: 2013: 2008: 1138: 106: 59: 12985: 9530:

Khan, Qaisra (2014). "Hajj & 'Umra". In Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (eds.).

6722:"Pakistani pilgrims praise Saudi authorities for introducing Urdu signage at Holy Mosques" 6518: 5352: 5140: 2017:

Pilgrims performing "Ramy Al-Jamarat" (Stoning of the Devil) ceremony during the 2006 Hajj

1162:

cancelling the Hajj outright, the Saudi Government announced that they would only welcome

8: 14485: 14429: 14224: 13892: 13534: 12757: 12452: 12122: 11904: 11881: 11516: 11138: 11019: 10913: 10729: 10226: 10023: 9856: 6581:

Edgar, Scott. "The Five Pillars of Islam in the Hadith." Studia Antiqua 2, no. 1 (2002).

5050: 4339: 3692: 2144: 2132: 1942: 1226: 909: 805: 439: 339: 13390: 13316: 7561: 7407: 6333:

The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity

4014:. Modern Library Chronicles (Revised Updated ed.). Modern Library. pp. 10–12. 14842: 14811: 14284: 13930: 13682: 13504: 12826: 11954: 11686: 11594: 11473: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11300: 11214: 11065: 11001: 10809: 10785: 10462: 10440: 10400: 10290: 10203: 10154: 10120: 10011: 9797: 9644: 8594: 8236: 8077:"Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers" 7583: 7427: 7233: 6549: 5986: 4249: 4232: 4075: 3836: 3761: 3482: 2666: 2540: 2528: 2180: 1880: 1827: 1072: 829: 786: 756: 739: 714: 659: 615: 327: 263: 8172: 7920: 7750: 7446: 1375:, were escorted by a military force accompanied by physicians under the command of an 1015:, the "House of Allah," in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the 15298: 14490: 14475: 14411: 13870: 13596: 13181: 13080: 12858: 12838: 12831: 11897: 11554: 11275: 11270: 11175: 11165: 11155: 10838: 10724: 10676: 10519: 10430: 10191: 10181: 10176: 10166: 10161: 9994: 9578: 9535: 9516: 9510: 9506: 9492: 8721: 8659: 8598: 8586: 8415: 8292: 8241: 8223: 8098: 7698: 7662: 7587: 7575: 7464: 7431: 7419: 7262: 7237: 7225: 7180: 7137: 7098: 6541: 6485: 6439: 6406: 6369: 6358: 6336: 6299: 6257: 6187: 6139: 6068: 6026: 5997: 5926: 5862: 5818: 5616: 5574: 5526: 5483: 5424: 5418: 5317: 5275: 4988: 4919: 4880: 4838: 4788: 4750: 4709: 4662: 4612: 4573: 4528: 4482: 4426: 4379: 4307: 4090: 4015: 3921: 3882: 3855: 3772: 3727: 3682: 3536: 2564: 2177:

Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering

1355: 1296: 1167: 1094: 1091: 870: 834: 781: 694: 654: 516: 9305: 7061: 7031: 6855: 6825: 6553: 2660:

The following number of pilgrims arrived in Saudi Arabia each year to perform Hajj:

15270: 14870: 14863: 14783: 14542: 14470: 14417: 14325: 14145: 13732: 13471: 13414: 13272: 13200: 13061: 12606: 12456: 12431: 12389: 12063: 11922: 11305: 11290: 11050: 10755: 10477: 10415: 10405: 10395: 10380: 10186: 10089: 10061: 9949: 9748: 9735: 8618:"Saudi Arabia: Hajj draws 1.8 million pilgrims, falls short of pre-pandemic record" 8578: 8231: 8215: 8088: 7565: 7411: 7328:"Pilgrims Start Arriving From India, Pakistan as Haj Terminal Is Officially Opened" 7217: 6533: 3617: 2633: 2229: 2157: 1726:

Although the circuits around the Kaaba are traditionally done on the ground level,

1412: 1312: 1304: 1098: 1064: 935: 679: 674: 625: 610: 595: 504: 383: 200: 7415: 6774:"With 2,950 participants from 100 countries, Hajj Hackathon makes Guinness Record" 6537: 1343:

from Heaven to be attached to the Kaaba when it was built by the Prophet Abraham.

15060: 14821: 14777: 13907: 13591: 13293: 13205: 12686: 12509: 12357: 12040: 12004: 11723: 11231: 10938: 10883: 10683: 10369: 10329: 10280: 10232: 10006: 9898: 9851: 9636: 9610: 8717: 8512:(Press release). Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 8 July 2013. 7986: 7982:"As the Hajj Unfolds in Saudi Arabia, A Deep Look Inside the Battle Against MERS" 7544:

Saeed, Fahad; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Almazroui, Mansour (1 February 2021).

6589: 6582: 6479: 3798: 3650: 2164: 2026: 1903:

prayers. The next morning after morning prayer, they leave Mina to go to Arafat.

1670:

involves walking seven times counterclockwise around the Kaaba. Upon arriving at

1253: 1230: 1200: 1185: 1151: 1122: 953: 814: 630: 590: 579: 561: 464: 409: 322: 258: 12806: 11354: 9532:

Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God

7747:"حج / تطبيق مبادرة "حج بلا بلاستيك" في موسم حج هذا العام وكالة الأنباء السعودية" 7546:"From Paris to Makkah: heat stress risks for Muslim pilgrims at 1.5 °C and 2 °C" 7032:"Nearly 37,000 Hajj pilgrims arrive in Saudi Arabia via Makkah Route initiative" 5962: 14923: 14891: 14851: 14718: 14709: 14480: 14465: 14404: 14121: 14041: 13982: 13651: 13499: 13277: 13016: 12989: 12965: 12800: 12784: 12637: 12596: 12568: 12535: 12462: 12379: 12367: 12345: 12329: 12170: 11343: 11070: 10923: 10765: 10467: 9887: 9792: 9570: 9554: 8994:"More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj" 7603:"More warming a threat to the Hajj - and human habitation - in the Middle East" 7570: 7545: 2607: 1947: 1930: 1836: 1428: 1372: 1308: 1307:. According to Islamic tradition, Abraham was ordered by God to leave his wife 1068: 902: 774: 761: 719: 664: 278: 14295: 7869: 6886: 3643: 15379: 15373: 14918: 14630: 14553: 14530: 13975: 13385: 13341: 13282: 13248: 13172: 13071: 13005: 12647: 12616: 12351: 12299: 11501: 11246: 11083: 10933: 10472: 10435: 10410: 10295: 9696: 9539: 8590: 8227: 8046:"Spain reports its first MERS case; woman travelled to Saudi Arabia for Hajj" 7702: 7666: 7579: 7423: 7229: 6545: 5271: 4658: 4569: 2599: 2591: 2488: 1988: 1924: 1912: 1720: 1424: 1420: 1075:

year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year. In 2024 AD (1445

1060: 839: 744: 704: 170: 157: 13703: 13309: 12477: 9282:. General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 22 August 2018. 5689: 2637:

Pictographic world map comparing the largest periodic human migration events

2383:

Traditionally, the pilgrimage to Mecca was mainly an overland journey using

1399:, lit. "pilgrimage road", which usually followed ancient routes such as the 15014: 14771: 14357: 14290: 13956: 13913: 13605: 13586: 13581: 13370: 13326: 12821: 12406: 12319: 12073: 11988: 11971: 11863: 11790: 11406: 11333: 11258: 10918: 10770: 10648: 10364: 10268: 10256: 9970: 9802: 8622: 8245: 8173:"Coronavirus: Saudi Arabia suspends entry for pilgrims visiting holy sites" 8102: 7221: 7062:"Makkah Route: Health services presented to Hajjis in their home countries" 6800:"Saudi Arabia looks to technology to make hajj pilgrims safer – Huff Point" 3500: 2646: 2257: 1831: 1569: 1441: 1377: 1215: 1130: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1052: 890: 846: 583: 315: 304: 267: 190: 117: 13509: 13027: 12373: 9739: 8582: 8219: 1427:, and this day is called the day of Hajj. Because the Islamic calendar is 1083:), Dhu al-Hijjah will extend from 28 May to 25 June; and in 2026 AD (1447 15204: 14997: 14752: 14694: 14683: 14317: 14277: 14218: 14084: 14073: 14069: 13611: 13524: 13519: 12107: 11712: 10895: 10385: 10324: 10251: 10138: 9820: 9787: 8453:"Chinese New Year: The World's Largest Human Migration Is About To Begin" 7392:"Quantifying the carbon footprint of religious tourism: the case of Hajj" 6748:"Hajj safety: Saudi Arabia introduces hi-tech bracelets for all pilgrims" 2533: 2484: 2322: 2265: 2261: 2140: 2059: 2042: 1390: 1340: 1143: 1126: 1114: 642: 600: 524: 12900: 12702: 12129: 6663: 4952:"Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar" 4876:

The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective

14733: 14613: 14517: 14508: 14092: 13739: 13692: 13576: 13257: 13010: 12083: 11635: 11603: 11188: 10285: 10260: 9807: 9598: 9459: 9336:"Saudi Arabia to restrict domestic haj pilgrims amid coronavirus fears" 8326:"Mecca makeover: how the hajj has become big business for Saudi Arabia" 7494:"With hajj under threat, it's time Muslims joined the climate movement" 7176: 5570: 5522: 4984:

The Power of Stars: How Celestial Observations Have Shaped Civilization

4705:

Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem

4418: 3601: 2671: 2471: 2356: 1976: 1888: 1716: 1416: 1386: 1347: 1335:. According to the tafsir of Zamakhshari (d. 1144 C.E.), the archangel 988: 647: 15029: 12789: 12750: 12090: 11913: 8386:"Saudi Arabia's Latest Challenge: Containing Covid-19 During the Hajj" 8203: 8093: 8076: 7327: 7212:

Miller, M. B. (2006). "Pilgrims' Progress: The Business of the Hajj".

5648: 2491:. One aspect discouraged the consumption of plastics and was entitled 1818: 1218: 15292: 15282: 14970: 14422: 14233: 14159: 14005: 13793: 13662: 13363: 13347: 12692: 12339: 12027: 11976: 11840: 10903: 10334: 10149: 9460:"GASTAT: Total number of pilgrims in 1445 H Hajj season is 1,833,164" 7655:"More than 550 hajj pilgrims die in Mecca as temperatures exceed 50C" 7003:"Mecca Road Initiative launches for second year to ease Hajj journey" 6180:

Sheikho, Mohammad Amin; Al-Dayrani, A. K. John Alias (19 July 2017).

2603: 2416: 2408: 2388: 2348: 2190: 1999:

After the morning prayer, the Pilgrims move from Muzdalifah to Mina.

1967: 1134: 546: 14987: 8434:"Saudi Arabia Hajj tourism to become US$ 350 billion market by 2032" 5081:"Islamic State militants are enemies of humanity: Saudi Grand Mufti" 1266: 15194: 15034: 15019: 14308: 13990: 13830: 13819: 13812: 13601: 13449: 13428: 13056: 12950: 12875: 12550: 12215: 12177: 11983: 11236: 10742: 10600: 10552: 10346: 10300: 10264: 9989: 9753: 4524: 4303:

Late Samaritan Hebrew: A Linguistic Analysis of Its Different Types

2352: 2344: 2277: 2136: 1900: 1848: 1699: 1613: 1022: 856: 824: 538: 472: 207: 1859: 1071:

and the Islamic year is about eleven-twelve days shorter than the

15260: 15055: 14559: 14372: 14329: 14258: 14253: 14190: 14125: 14111: 14013: 13668: 13657: 13456: 13419: 13149: 13093: 12999: 12610: 12582: 12435: 12393: 12309: 12246: 12197: 12118: 11251: 10857: 10545: 10425: 10317: 10310: 10305: 10047: 9279: 9070:. Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. 18 November 2010. Archived from 9044:. Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. 29 November 2009. Archived from 8536:"Saudi Arabia cuts Hajj Quota for foreign pilgrims by 20 percent" 7358:"New Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) Information" 7172: