Judgement Day in Islam

1342:) "affirmed that such things as" connected with Judgement day as "the individual records of deeds (including the paper, pen, and ink with which they are inscribed), the bridge, the balance, and the pond" are "realities", and "to be understood in a concrete and literal sense." Regarding heaven and hell, today, "the vast majority of believers", (according to Smith and Haddad), understand verses of the Quran on Jannah (and hellfire) "to be real and specific, anticipating them" with joy or terror, although this view "has generally not insisted that the realities of the next world will be identical with those of this world". On the other hand, since "the time and chronology are less important than the ultimate significance of resurrection and judgement "as a whole", the point of stories of Judgement day in the eschatological manuals is to be "didactic" not accurate, i.e. to raise awareness of "the threat and promise" of the message of Islam even if most of the story is based not on the verses of the Quran but on the author's imagination. The eschatological manual 3016:أَرْبَعَةٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: رَجُلٌ أَصَمُّ لَا يَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا، وَرَجُلٌ أَحْمَقُ، وَرَجُلٌ هَرَمٌ، وَرَجُلٌ مَاتَ فِي فَتْرَةٍ، فَأَمَّا الْأَصَمُّ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَمَا أَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا، وَأَمَّا الْأَحْمَقُ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ يَحْذِفُونِي بِالْبَعْرِ، وَأَمَّا الْهَرَمُ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، لَقَدْ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَمَا أَعْقِلُ شَيْئًا، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي مَاتَ فِي الْفَتْرَةِ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّ، مَا أَتَانِي لَكَ رَسُولٌ، فَيَأْخُذُ مَوَاثِيقَهُمْ لَيُطِيعُنَّهُ، فَيُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ ادْخُلُوا النَّارَ، قَالَ: فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ دَخَلُوهَا لَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بَرْدًا وَسَلَامًا 9677: 840:"The book" is thought to refer to an account each person has, chronicling the deeds of their life, good and bad. Commentators reports "affirm" that each day in a person's life, "one or two angels" begin a new page, inscribing deeds, and that upon completion, the pages are assembled "in some fashion ... into a full scroll or record". On Judgement Day the book is presented to the right hand of the resurrected person if they are going to Jannah, and left if they are to be sent to "the burning fire". 2999: 9689: 10745: 1051:

period, whether before Islam or after. The message has to have reached them in its pristine purity, without any distortions. In cases where the dawah reaches people in a mutilated form in which its essential components; its fundamental principles of belief, have been substituted, I am the first to say that the dawah has not reached them.”

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shapes, structures, etc.) are elaborated on by hadith and other Islamic literature. Much of Islamic cosmology comes from "earlier world views" (the circles of damnation, seven layers of heaven above the earth, fires of purgation below of Mesopotamian and/or Jewish belief) with Quranic verses interpreted to harmonize with these.

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scholar, stated on this matter: “The term Ahl al-Fatrah refers to everyone whom the dawah (message of Islam) has not reached in a correct manner as it came in the Shariah… Such people will not be punished on the Day of Judgement . It is quite possible for People of the Interval to exist in every time

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Christianity, but that the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam resemble each other because God's word has been sent by prophets throughout history to all three groups/religions, but that the first two garbled and corrupted his teachings and that only Teachings of Islam has not been

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The "events" of "the judgement process" are concluded with the arrival of resurrected at their final "abode of recompense": either paradise for the saved or hell for the damned. The Quran describes habitation within the abodes in "exquisite detail", while "a wealth of picturesque specifics" (their

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He also wrote about non-Muslims who have heard a distorted message: "The name of Muhammad has indeed reached their ears, but they do not know his true description and his character. Instead, they heard from the time they were young that a deceitful liar named Muhammad claimed to be a prophet. As far

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Know that Isrāfīl is the master of the horn . God created the preserved tablet of white pearl. Its length is seven times the distance between the heaven and the earth and it is connected to the Throne. All that exists until the day of resurrection is written on it. Isrāfīl has four wings—one in the

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The events prophesied for the day of resurrection and judgement "are numerous and presented in varying ways", but "a sequence of the events" for the day can be made based on both the many details "suggested by the Qur'an" and also on "the elaborations and additions provided as usual by the hadiths,

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himself – save God. God will then ask three times, "'To whom belongs the Kingdom this day?' No one answers Him so He answers Himself, saying, 'To God who is one alone, victorious!'" Numerous Qur'ānic mentions that every soul will taste death during "the hour" are thought to underscore the absolute

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Some of the similarities between Christian and Islamic eschatology include: when exactly Judgement day will occur will be known only to God; it will be announced by a trumpet blast; it will be preceded by strange and terrible events serving as portents; Jesus will return to earth (but in different

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Muhammad leading the Muslim Ummah will be first across the bridge. For sinners, the bridge will be thinner than hair and sharper than the sharpest sword, impossible to walk on without falling below to arrive at their fiery destination, while the righteous will proceed across the bridge to paradise

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This will wake the dead from their graves. Bodies will be resurrected and reunited with their spirits to form "whole, cognizant, and responsible persons". The first to arise will be the members of the Muslim community, according to "an often-quoted saying" of Muhammad, but will be "subdivided into

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The sounding of the trumpet is mentioned at least two times in the Qur'ān, but "the Qur'an itself does not make explicit the chronology involved with the blowing(s) of the horn" and "it has been for the followers of the Prophet to determine for themselves the exact sequence of events after that."

569:"), crush evildoers and restore order and justice before the end of the world, including (according to some Islamic hadiths) correcting the erring ways of the world's Christians by converting them to Islam. Muslims do not believe these matching prophecies about Judgement Day are a result of Islam 1213:

will come with the prophets and will bring out from the Fire all who used to say "There is no God but God and Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. ... " He will then bring them out all together, charred from the Fire having eaten at them. Then he will hurry with them to a river near the gate of the

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categories" based on their sins while on earth. The classification of the resurrected into groups comes from "certain narratives" about Judgement Day that "suggest" the grouping, and are based on "a number of scattered verses in the Qur'an indicating the woeful condition" of resurrected sinners.

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concept in Christianity—where at some time near the end of the world all Christian believers disappear and are carried off to heaven—in Islam one of the very last signs of the imminent arrival of the end of the world will be a "pleasant" or "cold" wind, that brings a peaceful death to all Muslim

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the Qur'an itself "does not make explicit the chronology" involved with the blowing(s) of the horn" and "the traditions do not present a consistent picture"; but "The general understanding seems to be" that Isrāfīl will be the first of creation to be resurrected and he will give the blast that

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In the time between resurrection and judgement will be an agonizing wait (Q.21:103, Q.37:20) at the place of assembly , or the time of standing before God , giving sinners "ample opportunity to contemplate the imminent recompense for his past faults" (just as sinners suffer in the grave before

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Hell is described physically in different ways by different sources of Islamic literature. It is enormous in size, and located below heaven. Different sources give different descriptions of its structure. There are seven levels but it is also said to be a huge pit over which the bridge of

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East, one in the West, one covering his legs and one shielding his head and face in fear of God. His head is inclined toward the Throne .... No angel is nearer to the throne than Isrāfīl. Seven veils are between him and the Throne, each veil five hundred years distance from the next ...

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was invested with the function of intervening on behalf of the Muslims on the day of judgement". Verse Q.43:86 authorizes "true witnesses" to grant intercession, and in this category "has been found for the inclusion" of Muhammad "as an intercessor for the Muslim community.

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believed that those who did not receive the message would be forgiven, even idolaters. Their premise was that good and evil is based upon revelation; in other words, good and evil are defined by God. Therefore, in the absence of revelation, they cannot be held accountable.

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as I am concerned, such people are like those who the call of Islam has not reached, for while they have heard of the Prophet’s name, they heard the opposite of his true qualities. And hearing such things would never arouse one’s desire to find out who he was."

350:) is reportedly mentioned 39 times in the Qur’an (54:46, 25:11, 33:63, 30:55, 45:32, 69:2, 79:42, 30:12, 54:1, 43:66, 21:49, 30:14, 22:1, 22:7, 20:15, 40:59, 43:61, 42:17, 12:107, 15:85, 18:36, 45:27, 22:55, 43:85, 47:18, 6:40, 40:46, 42:18, 6:31, 16:77, etc.) 3000:"Whoever the call did not reach, due to a disability such as deafness, will be examined on the Day of Resurrection, and those of them whom it reached were not examined./من لم تبلغه الدعوة ، بسبب عاهة كالصمم فإنه يمتحن يوم القيامة ، ومن بلغته منهم لم يمتحن" 2105:(2) Does the New Testament support the notion of an individual Antichrist in whom all the anti-Christian strife of all ages will be concentrated? 2 Thess 2 answers the second question in the affirmative: an individual Antichrist will bring evil to its ... 1608:"One should note there was a near consensus among Muslim theologians of the later periods that punishment for Muslim grave sinners would only be temporary; eventually after a purgatory sojourn in hell's top layer they would be admitted into paradise." 1231:

is "very materialistic", the afterlife punishment of hell and pleasure of heaven are all not only physical, but psychic and spiritual. Their characteristics having matching features or direct parallels with each other. The pleasure and delights of

801:, devils and animals will sweat, unshaded from the sun, awaiting their fate. Sinners and nonbelievers will suffer and sweat longer on this day, which some say will last for "50,000 years" (based on Q.70:4) and others only 1000 (based on Q.32:5). 765:

of God while the resurrection of life demonstrates "His justice and mercy". The time between annihilation of all life and its resurrection is both "beyond all human time constructs" and generally estimated by many commentators to be forty years.

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Another version of how the resurrected are judged ("particular elements that make up the occasion of the reckoning" in the Quran are not ordered or grouped and are called "modalities of judgement") involves several references in the Quran to

815:) where God judges each soul for their lives lived on earth, will be "carried out with absolute justice" accepting no excuses, and examine every act and intention—no matter how small, but "through the prerogative of God's merciful will". 1194:"One of the most popular and often-cited" stories about Muḥammad as intercessor ("validating" his ability to intercede) revolves around sinners turning to him after being turned down for intercession by all the other prophets. In 873:, how much to piety and how much to obedience to Islamic law (the two being intertwined, of course), in the tabulation of good deeds and earning salvation, varies according to the interpretation of scholars. In one manual ( 885:; see below) to heaven, but during. As they walk the bridge, said to have seven arches, "each 3,000 years in length"; they are interrogated at each arch about a specific religious duty prescribed by the shari'a -- their 472:) where all human beings who have ever lived will be held accountable for their deeds by being judged by God. Depending on the verdict of the judgement, they will be sent for eternity to either the reward of paradise ( 3031: 774:

The Afterlife will commence with a trumpet blast (different sources give different numbers of trumpet blasts), signaling the "Day of the Arising", according to the classical Islamic scholar and theologian

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Those with mental illness and severe insanity (in another Hadith with similar narration also those with mental deficiency or low intelligence disabilities which prevent them to understand Islam properly)

2990: 2988: 143:), theological writing, eschatological manuals to provide more details and a sequence of events on the Day. Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities who have explained the subject in detail include 2985: 1348:, for example, describes the Fire/Hell terrifyingly but implausibly as having "four legs (between each leg 1000 years), thirty heads with 30,000 mouths each, lips like 1000 mountains, and so on". 1565:

Full of pride and self-conceit, he forgets that his position and all things afforded to him are by the grace of God and in rebelling against God thinks of himself as self-sufficient (Q.96:6–7).

655:, especially the earlier ones, are dominated by the idea of the nearing of the Day of Resurrection. In Islam the signs of the coming of Judgement Day are described as "major" and "minor". The 1330:

crosses; to have mountains, rivers, valleys and "even oceans" filled with disgusting fluids; and also to be able to walk (controlled by reins), and ask questions, much like a sentient being.

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What the common order is of Judgement Day at this point is unclear based on hadith as they disagree on the way God reveals to "the various categories of individuals what their fate is to be".

850:(balance), which some commentators believe refers to a way of balancing the weight of an individual's good deeds and bad on Judgement day, to see which is heavier, as the occurrence stated in 1140:, sinful Muslim will stay in hell until purified of their sins. According to the scholar Al-Subki (and others), "God will take out of the Fire everyone who has said the testimony" (i.e. the 991:

said in his commentary Sharh Sahih Muslim that those who are born into idolatrous families and die without a message reaching them are granted paradise based upon the Qur'anic verse

1040:, where these four type of person will be tested in the state where their senses and their minds in perfect condition, so they can understand they are being tested examined by God. 1171:) on Judgement Day to save them from hellfire, is a "major theme" in the eschatological expectations of the Muslim community and in stories told about the events of Judgement Day. 100:'Day of Judgement'), is when "all bodies will be resurrected" from the dead, and "all people" are "called to account" for their deeds and their faith during their life on 659:

will appear, deceiving the foolish and killing Muslims until killed by either the Mahdi or Jesus. Following him, two dangerous, evil tribes of subhumans with vast numbers called

1180:) on the last day" to save them from hellfire, (the idea being every individual must take responsibility for their own deeds and acts of faith). In the 20+ occurrences of 1790: 366:) Literally means the "rising up at the resurrection" although it "has come to signify the entire series of events to take place" on Judgement day, "although technically " 1036:

According to Ibn Qayyim, Ibn Taymiyya, and other Islamic scholars who agreed on this Hadiths, this means those four type of peoples would be further examined by Allah in

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that no man has touched before, wine that does not make drunk, and "divine pleasure". Their reward of pleasure will vary according to the righteousness of the person.

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bin Maryam (Jesus) will descend from heaven to assist him. The sun will rise from the west. A breeze will blow causing all believers to inhale it and die peacefully.

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in the Quran none mention Muhammad or the office of prophethood. However this principle was "modified in the ensuing understanding of the community, and the Prophet

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There are special conditions to those who did not receive teachings of Islam during their life accordingly, the people of the period are judged differently on the

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will be released from where they have been imprisoned inside a mountain since Roman times. And according to some narratives, a murderous tyrant called the

8394: 1069:. This story is based on verses in the Quran (Q.36:66, Q.37:23–24), both of which "are rather indefinite". Only Q.37:23–24 mentioning hell in the form of 8259: 556:, will be released, after being imprisoned for thousands of years in a mountain, to wage war against the righteous. In an event somewhat similar to the 7573: 1338:

While early Muslims debated whether scripture on Judgement day should be interpreted literally or figuratively, the school of thought that prevailed (

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of paradise. The common belief among Muslims holds that both abodes coexists with the temporal world, rather than being created after Judgement Day.

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Even though humankind has been given authority in the earth and provided with every means for life's fulfillment, thanks are not rendered (Q.7:10);

2940: 1300:, or 'the garden'), is the final abode of the righteous. Jannah is described with physical pleasures such as gardens, rivers, fountains; lovely 956:) must reject polytheism and idolatry and believe in an All-Powerful God. Failure to meet these requirements would result in eternal punishment. 10719: 1597:"Warn those who fear that they will be gathered to their Lord; there will be for them no friend and no intercessor aside from Him ... (Q.6:51). 545:

it says "Jesus will destroy with the breath of his mouth, annihilating him by the manifestation of his coming", some unnamed "lawless" figure.

9420: 2810: 1594:"Protect yourselves against a day when no soul will be able to recompense another in any way and no intercession will be accepted ... (Q.2:48); 977:

2. People who were exposed to a distorted understanding of Islam and have no recourse to correct that information. These too will be forgiven.

8339: 6229: 4651: 424:—"the return", "the general term used by theologians for the entire process" of resurrection, judgement and consignment to heaven or hell. 8473: 8015: 4107:

Fishman, Jason Eric; Soage, Ana Belén (2013). "The Nation of Islam and the Muslim World: Theologically Divorced and Politically United".

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in Islam, the Quran does mention the many inherent flaws in the personalities of human beings – weakness, greed, stinginess, pride, etc.

565:) will make a second coming in Islam, but not to preside over Last Judgement. Instead he will help another Islamic saviour figure ("The 8576: 4680: 2473: 992: 3650:

Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ, k. al-riqāq 52; Muslim, Ṣaḥīḥ, k. al-īmān 299; quoted in |Lange, "Introducing Hell in Islamic Studies", 2016]]: p.12

3546:"200252: Is there any mention in the Islamic texts of a minimum period that sinners among the people of Tawheed will spend in Hell?" 2374: 673:

will spread corruption and mischief, killing women, children and descendants of Muhammad. To save believers from these horrors, the

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of the condemned person. It is commonly believed by Muslims that confinement to hell is temporary for Muslims but not for others.

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1. People who never heard of the message, who live in far away lands, such as the Byzantines ("Romans"). These will be forgiven.

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Resurrection Day). The resurrected will gather for "The Perspiration" — a time when all created beings, including men, angels,

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Garden, called life. There they will bathe and emerge from it as beardless youths, with kohled eyes and faces like the moon.

999:. According to ibn Taymiyyah, these people who did not receive the message in this world will be tested in the afterlife, or 10152: 10127: 8596: 7284: 5923: 4423: 1362: 646: 588: 980:

3. People who heard of Islam because they live in neighboring lands and mix with Muslims. These have no hope of salvation.

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While Quran "is both generally and clearly negative" in regard to the possibility of intercession on behalf of sinners (

10403: 9750: 9551: 8245: 4643: 1087:˹Allah will say to the angels,˺ "Gather ˹all˺ the wrongdoers along with their peers, and whatever they used to worship 10315: 8571: 4628: 4489: 4433: 4412: 4358: 4210: 4189: 4163: 4142: 4037: 3963: 3896: 3851: 3826: 3483: 3157: 2901: 2234: 2193: 2161: 2130: 2072: 2043: 7644: 1937: 1576:"The idea of a bridge crossing to the underworld has found expression in a number of different religious traditions" 10643: 9136: 8832: 7624: 6377: 6122: 1065:

The saved and the damned now being clearly distinguished, the souls will traverse over hellfire via the bridge of

630:) that the damned fall off of to hell below, and the saved reach the other side, the possibility of intercession ( 10373: 9183: 8680: 8653: 8284: 7950: 7898: 7512: 6560: 6224: 5112: 4992: 4328: 3473: 9967: 828:

But as for him who is given his book in his left hand, he will say: Would that my book had not been given to me

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On the Day of Resurrection (Nay! I do swear by the Day of Resurrection) it is mentioned 70 times in the Qur’an.

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Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll,

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the manuals, and the interpretations of theologians". Four segments of end times in Islam can be presented:

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and many of his followers are prophesied to be killed by Jesus's breath, just as in the second chapter of

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Klemm, Verena (1984). "Die vier sufarā' des Zwölften Imām: Zur formativen Periode der Zwölferšīʽa".

10724: 10673: 10518: 10157: 9700: 9589: 9484: 9410: 9237: 8866: 8566: 8268: 8218: 8208: 8198: 6968: 6488: 6102: 5721: 5292: 5222: 4205:. Translated by Watson, Janet; Hill, Marian (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 3949: 3812: 3702: 10658: 10603: 10462: 10359: 9878: 9695: 9264: 9119: 8415: 8106: 8070: 6095: 6053: 5908: 5523: 5312: 5217: 5047: 5002: 4868: 1008: 936:. There is a difference of opinion between scholars of Islam on their afterlife. The rationalist 561:

believers, leaving only unbelievers alive to face the end of the world. Jesus (known in Islam as

535:, like the Antichrist, performs miracles, or at least what appear to be miracles. (In Islam, the 3908:"Ḥadīth, Authority and the End of the World: Traditions in Modern Muslim Apocalyptic Literature" 1093:˹Then they will be asked,˺ "What is the matter with you that you can no longer help each other?" 879:), hopeful humans are questioned about their behaviour not before they head on the path/bridge ( 10772: 10408: 9743: 9710: 9544: 9491: 9385: 9208: 9053: 8411: 7788: 7742: 7136: 6817: 6312: 5973: 5903: 5863: 5848: 5528: 5282: 5187: 5172: 5163: 5042: 5007: 4932: 3882: 2406: 2118: 1971: 1290: 1004: 504: 83: 56: 1015:, as they all based this ruling according to Hadith about the fates of four kinds of peoples: 10548: 10452: 10222: 10185: 10137: 10025: 9114: 8926: 8388: 8349: 8011: 7670: 6842: 6759: 6505: 6475: 6032: 5928: 5475: 5302: 5052: 4962: 4613: 4087: 1960: 1917:"People will ask you about the Hour. Say, Knowledge of it is only with God ... " . quoted in 1228: 818:

Quran verses in Al-Haqqah (surah 69) are thought to refer to the reckoning on Judgement Day:

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As for the one who is given his book in his right hand, he will say: Take and read my book.

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Lange, Christian (2016). "Introducing Hell in Islamic Studies". In Christian Lange (ed.).

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Messianic Hopes and Mystical Visions: The Nūrbakhshīya Between Medieval and Modern Islam

1136:

Not everyone consigned to hell will remain there. Somewhat like the Catholic concept of

10648: 10611: 10578: 10573: 10538: 10495: 10383: 10354: 10274: 10237: 9772: 9323: 9318: 9296: 9281: 9173: 8961: 8941: 8891: 8854: 8844: 8695: 8532: 8055: 6938: 6894: 6639: 6452: 6339: 6113: 6074: 5988: 5823: 5786: 5748: 5670: 5545: 5317: 5102: 4977: 4952: 4774: 4761: 4554: 4512: 4466: 4345: 4290: 4261: 4178: 4014: 3937: 3696: 3438: 2919: 2833: 2800: 2790: 2223: 1650: 656: 549: 275: 116:." Judgement Day is considered a fundamental tenet of faith by all Muslims, and one of 8031: 4294: 4274: 3442: 3422: 3026: 3024: 2427: 2008: 10744: 10701: 10334: 10279: 10269: 10261: 10227: 10112: 10061: 9883: 9736: 9556: 9457: 9252: 9060: 9025: 8986: 8936: 8827: 8811: 8554: 8517: 8495: 8480: 8463: 8381: 8081: 8047: 7991: 7234: 7173: 7080: 6788: 6652: 6501: 6447: 6343: 5978: 5945: 5873: 5868: 5828: 5816: 5801: 5781: 5682: 5658: 5484: 5307: 5147: 5082: 4639: 4624: 4580: 4519: 4485: 4429: 4408: 4389: 4349: 4309: 4280: 4227: 4206: 4185: 4159: 4138: 4128: 4093: 4063: 4047: 4033: 3983: 3959: 3892: 3868: 3847: 3822: 3780:"Origins and Development of Apocalypticism and Messianism in Early Islam: 610–750 CE" 3527: 3506: 3479: 3428: 3373: 3153: 2907: 2897: 2431: 2230: 2189: 2157: 2126: 2092: 2068: 2039: 2012: 1654: 1259: 755: 624:

the preparation for final consignment to heaven or hell, the crossing of the bridge (

267: 7239: 4134:

Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background

1936:

Amini, Ibrahim (13 January 2015). "Signs of Judgement Day, Blowing of the Trumpet".

1556:

As well as being ungrateful, he is also impatient, fretful, and stingy (Q.70:19–21);

10553: 10413: 10365: 10284: 10102: 9705: 9640: 9469: 9447: 9291: 9259: 9247: 9223: 8849: 8796: 8786: 8745: 8675: 8670: 8399: 8307: 7049: 7023: 6726: 6399: 6302: 6143: 6025: 5878: 5858: 5843: 5408: 5067: 4835: 4608: 4546: 4458: 4337: 4323: 4116: 4006: 3927: 3919: 3021: 2423: 2419: 2352: 2100: 2004: 2000: 1642: 1415: 255: 249: 4200: 1987:

Farhang, Mehrvash (2017). "Dajjāl". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).

1085:˹They will be told,˺ "This is the Day of ˹Final˺ Decision which you used to deny." 10748: 10653: 10583: 10339: 10289: 10107: 9994: 9534: 9375: 8946: 8806: 8722: 8710: 8690: 8586: 8376: 8356: 8279: 8119: 8006: 7593: 6943: 6928: 6890: 6857: 6832: 6746: 6693: 6594: 6589: 6565: 6479: 6382: 6329: 6324: 5811: 5714: 5709: 5692: 5653: 5593: 5550: 5357: 5287: 5092: 4840: 4574: 4479: 4303: 4221: 4153: 4132: 4027: 3977: 3953: 3886: 3862: 3841: 3816: 2941:"Is there really such thing as a "kuffar", or "non-believer" in our world today?" 2696: 1377: 1281: 941: 542: 516: 359: 343: 239: 215: 181: 112:, and resurrection and judgement the two themes "central to the understanding of 74: 47: 9676: 7733: 3843:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism: A Sourcebook

2248:

Jesus in Islam and Christianity: Discussing the Similarities and the Differences

10513: 10180: 10004: 9999: 9972: 9841: 9512: 9452: 9437: 9390: 9286: 9232: 9092: 8750: 8727: 8700: 8618: 8608: 8510: 8505: 8371: 8322: 8141: 8060: 7926: 7903: 7886: 7737: 7662: 7586: 7107: 7013: 6622: 6577: 6572: 6423: 6392: 6297: 6180: 6018: 5771: 5704: 5697: 5687: 5535: 5272: 5133: 5062: 5037: 4897: 4830: 4746: 4374: 4362: 3973: 3779: 3583: 3032:"Those who will be tested on the Day of Resurrection/الذين يمتحنون يوم القيامة" 2896:. Khalil, Mohammad Hassan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013. p. 111. 1550:

Truly man is ungrateful to his Lord, and he bears witness to that; (Q.100:6–7);

1427: 678: 562: 325: 8101: 7908: 7100: 3923: 1646: 10761: 10423: 10324: 9916: 9821: 9655: 9539: 9496: 9442: 9430: 9415: 9405: 9328: 9242: 9218: 9213: 9087: 9082: 9077: 8993: 8581: 8522: 8485: 8437: 8065: 7995: 7975: 7937: 7561: 7546: 7310:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

7117: 7042: 6852: 6813: 6800: 6775: 6681: 6470: 6442: 6319: 6273: 6191: 5890: 5791: 5776: 5766: 5601: 5563: 5540: 5502: 5413: 5143: 5137: 5127: 5115: 4550: 4370: 4067: 3952:(2016). "Eschatology and the Dating of Traditions". In Motzki, Harald (ed.). 2911: 2435: 2016: 1318:

Punishment and suffering in hell in mainstream Islam varies according to the

859:

It is believed those whose good deeds outweigh their bad will be assigned to

706:

and the earth and the mountains are lifted up and crushed with a single blow,

553: 508: 493: 383:

Related terms include (according to scholars Jane Smith and Yvonne Haddad),

373: 331: 194: 171:

Among the names of the Day of Resurrection/Judgement used in the Qur'an are:

123:

The trials, tribulations, and details associated with it are detailed in the

42: 8237: 8027: 4405:

An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: the history and doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

4010: 1158: 761: 10638: 10543: 10533: 10433: 10398: 10378: 10319: 10247: 10132: 10035: 9982: 9681: 9615: 9347: 9333: 9188: 8998: 8966: 8956: 8859: 8705: 8603: 8549: 8458: 8317: 8093: 8022: 7810:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

7750: 7728: 7719: 7619: 7096: 6912: 6847: 6540: 6437: 6428: 6334: 6088: 5756: 5675: 5606: 5470: 4967: 4907: 4882: 4863: 4602: 1319: 1187: 1147: 923: 886: 710:

and heaven shall be split, for upon that day it shall be very frail. ... "

690: 305: 160: 117: 7760: 7258: 6878: 4092:. Translated by DeBevoise, M. B. Berkely: University of California Press. 1426:

grade it as Saheeh. Meanwhile, another Hadith with similar narration from

937: 891: 10616: 10528: 10457: 10393: 10349: 10167: 10122: 10075: 10009: 9853: 9816: 9660: 9203: 9198: 9035: 9020: 8896: 8871: 8500: 8420: 8327: 8312: 8075: 7797: 7765: 7715: 7581: 7279: 7244: 7226: 7018: 6755: 6685: 6365: 6264: 5833: 5806: 5796: 5733: 5638: 5628: 5623: 5455: 5438: 5262: 5177: 5017: 4892: 4652:

Duality, Opposition and Typology in the Qur'an: The Apocalyptic Substrate

1423: 1407: 1382: 408:"means the specific gathering together" of resurrected for their judging; 295: 9342: 4558: 4534: 4265: 3941: 3784:

Oslo: Congress of the International Committee of the Historical Sciences

1327: 1200:

by al-Ghazali, this happens "between the two soundings of the trumpet".

1066: 1060: 1019:

Those who never received the call or teaching to Islam during their life

496:; righteous believers will not be among the living when the world ends. 10681: 10588: 10563: 10523: 10117: 9888: 9873: 9868: 9836: 9811: 9610: 9425: 9395: 9380: 9168: 9156: 8916: 8778: 8404: 7724: 7521: 7302: 7248: 7146: 7084: 7035: 7001: 6954: 6875: 6808: 6795: 6713: 6689: 6618: 6523: 6465: 6387: 6290: 5663: 5427: 5423: 5257: 5182: 5158: 5123: 5077: 5012: 4972: 4947: 4902: 4887: 4877: 4470: 4173: 4120: 4018: 2894:

Between heaven and hell : Islam, salvation, and the fate of others

1762: 1630: 1587: 1339: 1176: 1167: 1131: 1012: 967: 960: 776: 632: 552:(where they are to fight a "final battle with Christ and his saints"), 512: 489: 148: 144: 5508:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

5367:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

3932: 1410:

and Al-Aswad bin Sari and graded as hasan (sound) hadith according to

867:(hell). How much weight is given to internal and how much to external 10344: 10175: 10066: 9863: 9848: 9831: 9826: 9806: 9352: 9141: 9070: 9015: 9010: 8876: 8717: 8623: 8366: 7979: 7967: 7945: 7876: 7789:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

7780: 7686: 7631: 7556: 7210: 7205: 7131: 7075: 6821: 6676: 6669: 6545: 6456: 6370: 6350: 6195: 6136: 5648: 5616: 5571:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

5459: 5337: 5252: 5247: 5057: 5022: 4917: 4912: 4453:(1978). "A Treatise on the Occultation of the Twelfth Imāmite Imam". 4184:. Translated by Brown, Allison. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. 3864:

Early Mahdism: Politics and Religion in the Formative Period of Islam

1419: 1137: 1022:

Those who suffered deafness before the teaching of Islam reached them

988: 718: 285: 203: 152: 7970: 4462: 4220:

Halverson, Jeffry R.; Goodall, H. L. Jr.; Corman, Steven R. (2011).

3907: 3091: 1406:

This Hadiths were narrated with the chains of narration ended in by

1081:

at least sometimes being translated as 'path' rather than 'bridge'.

444: 10696: 10329: 9911: 9858: 9759: 9645: 9630: 9161: 9146: 9048: 8886: 8334: 8164: 8131: 7986: 7871: 7863: 7657: 7062: 6993: 6916: 6899: 6730: 6717: 6550: 6496: 6278: 5726: 5517: 5350: 4942: 4658: 4341: 2449: 2153: 1893: 1372: 1313: 1242: 1108: 1029: 903: 697: 480: 132: 4308:(2nd ed.). London: Continuum International Publishing Group. 3640:. Elmhurst, New York: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, Inc. pp. 353–4. 897: 10686: 10388: 10299: 10147: 10094: 10030: 9924: 9625: 9474: 9311: 9301: 9109: 8921: 8633: 8628: 8169: 8149: 8110: 7955: 7802:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

7746: 7703: 7550: 7540: 7265: 7214: 7168: 7006: 6903: 6804: 6783: 6662: 6657: 6532: 6483: 6411: 6360: 6081: 5960: 5633: 5447: 5379: 4769: 3545: 1894:"Similarities and Dissimilarities between Islam and Christianity" 1037: 1000: 696:

Following these portents, the Earth will be destroyed. (In surah

670: 557: 3421:

Lange, Christian (2016). "Introducing Hell in Islamic Studies".

606:) of the dead, and the gathering together of all living beings ( 104:. It has been called "the dominant message" of the holy book of 10634: 10197: 9784: 9635: 9561: 8174: 8154: 8035: 7999: 7188: 7091: 7028: 6907: 6750: 6704: 6184: 5493:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

5451: 5398: 4822: 4733: 2415: 2411: 1996: 1992: 1367: 1271: 1255: 1118: 1047: 474: 140: 136: 128: 5358:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

10190: 10040: 9931: 9906: 9801: 9306: 9065: 8159: 7200: 6825: 6626: 6614: 5416: 5391: 5362: 4751: 3835: 1301: 1237: 1152: 1106:"was adopted into Islamic tradition to signify the span over 915: 674: 652: 566: 372:

means the actual hour", according to scholars Jane Smith and

124: 109: 105: 101: 31: 4137:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 2285: 1089:

instead of Allah, then lead them ˹all˺ to the path of Hell .

997:"We do not punish a people until a messenger comes to them." 440:—the time of standing before God before being judged by God. 10418: 10201: 10071: 9728: 9650: 7853:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

5402: 5397:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

5327: 4425:

The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture

3543: 2186:

The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State

2065:

The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State

2036:

The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State

1254:

the less the suffering. Both feature prominent trees – the

909: 869: 798: 597:) and other events heralding the imminent end of the world; 199: 7813:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

4576:

Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice

1156:, those who have committed the worst sin of impugning the 689:"Day of Resurrection" redirects here. For other uses, see 10558: 10045: 9945: 5761: 3310: 3308: 3258:. Ed. M. Gautier. Leipzig, 1877. MS pp. 59–65. quoted in 2227:

Some Religious Aspects of Islam: A Collection of Articles

919:, and responsibility to their relatives", respectively. 5503:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

4481:

Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism

3799:. Vol. 14, Fasc. 2. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation 3671: 3414: 3372:. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 2211:

Clarity Amidst Confusion: Imam Mahdi and the End of Time

1463:

from translation of the corresponding article in Arabic

1454:

from translation of the corresponding article in Arabic

826:

And he will be in a blissful condition (Q.69:19–21) ....

748:

A second trumpet blast will signal a "final cataclysm" (

4155:

Holiest Wars: Islamic Mahdis, Jihad and Osama Bin Laden

3691:. Vol. 2. Cairo Egypt: Dar al-Kitab. p. 1415. 2121:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). 1333: 863:(heaven), and those whose bad deeds outweigh the good, 830:

and that I did not know my reckoning! (Q.69:25-26) ...

4219: 3836:

Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin;

3305: 2543:. Ed. M. Gautier. Leipzig, 1877. MS pp. 39. quoted in 2503:[Rising of the sun from the west] (in Arabic). 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1165:

The possibility of intercession on behalf of sinners (

8469:

Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal

5555:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

5518:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

4032:(4th ed.). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 1240:, are matched by the excruciating pain and horror of 754:), the extinction of all living creatures – even the 8395:

Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments

7785:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

5388:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

3821:. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 2994: 2466: 2240: 1295: 1146:

testimony made by all Muslims, "There is no God but

88: 61: 4502: