Hadith - Knowledge

3508: 3600:). Because a chain of transmission can be a forgery, the status of authenticity given by Muslim scholars are not generally accepted by Orientalists or historians, who largely consider hadith to be unverifiable. Ignaz Goldziherr demonstrated that several hadiths do not fit the time of Muhammad chronologically and content-wise. As a result, Orientalists generally regard hadiths as having little value in understanding the life and times of the historical Muhammad but are instead valuable for understanding later theological developments in the Muslim community. According to 3491:, the great grandson of Muhammad, has said that "Holding back in a doubtful issue is better than entering destruction. Your not narrating a Hadith is better than you narrating a Hadith in which you have not studied thoroughly. On every truth, there is a reality. Above every right thing, there is a light. Whatever agrees with the book of Allah you must take it and whatever disagrees you must leave it alone." Al-Baqir also emphasized the selfless devotion of Ahl al-Bayt to preserving the traditions of Muhammad through his conversation with 6929:, editor A.F.L. Beeston et al. (Cambridge, 1983) " was confined to a careful examination of the chain of transmitters who narrated the report and not report itself. 'Provided the chain was uninterrupted and its individual links deemed trustworthy persons, the Hadith was accepted as binding law. There could, by the terms of the religious faith itself, be no questioning of the content of the report; for this was the substance of divine revelation and therefore not susceptible to any form of legal or historical criticism" 3893:. Quranists argue that the Quran itself does not contain an invitation to accept hadith as a second theological source alongside the Quran. The expression "to obey God and the Messenger", which occurs among others in 3:132 or 4:69, is understood to mean that one follows the Messenger whose task it was to convey the Quran by following the Quran alone. Muhammad is, so to speak, a mediator from God to people through the Quran alone and not through hadith, according to Quranists. Both 3578:

likely true author of the hadith, which could allow dating of when particular hadith began circulating. This method is widely influential in Western hadith scholarship, though has received criticism from some scholars. Some modern scholars have contested Schacht's assertion that the "common links" were likely forgers of the hadith, instead suggesting that they were avid collectors of hadiths, though their arguments for this have been criticised by other scholars.

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and legal positions. In addition to fabrication, it is possible for the meaning of a hadith to have greatly drifted from its original telling through the different interpretations and biases of its varying transmitters, even if the chain of transmission is authentic. While some hadith may genuinely originate from firsthand observation of Muhammad (particularly personal traits that were not of theological interest, like his fondness for

2382: 3535:, a hadith specialist, described the relationship between hadith and other aspects of the religion by saying: "It is the science most pervasive in respect to the other sciences in their various branches, in particular to jurisprudence being the most important of them." "The intended meaning of 'other sciences' here are those pertaining to religion," explains Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, "Quranic exegesis, hadith, and jurisprudence. The 3484:, a descendant of Muhammad, gave support to this narration, stating "Whoever he had taken out in the worldly life from the darkness of ignorance can hold to his light to be taken out of the darkness of the plain of resurrection to the garden (paradise). Then all those whomever he had taught in the worldly life anything of goodness, or had opened from his heart a lock of ignorance or had removed his doubts will come out." 3495:, an old companion of Muhammad. He (Al-Baqir) said, "Oh Jabir, had we spoken to you from our opinions and desires, we would be counted among those who are destroyed. We speak to you of the hadith which we treasure from the Messenger of Allah, Oh Allah grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to your cause, just as they treasure their gold and silver." Further, it has been narrated that 10801: 9048: 3297: 1280: 908: 2626: 2578: 2569: 2560:, so that even the Quran was "to be interpreted in the light of traditions (i.e. hadith), and not vice versa." While traditionally the Qur'an has traditionally been considered superior in authority to the sunna, Al-Shafi'i "forcefully argued" that the sunna was "on equal footing with the Quran", (according to scholar Daniel Brown) for (as Al-Shafi'i put it) “the command of the Prophet is the command of God.” 3377:

repeated in order to record slight variations within the text or within the chains of narrations. Identifying the narrators of the various texts, comparing their narrations of the same texts to identify both the soundest reporting of a text and the reporters who are most sound in their reporting occupied experts of hadith throughout the 2nd century. In the 3rd century of Islam (from 225/840 to about 275/889),

10790: 2635: 56: 3543:, then the preferred manner of explaining the speech of God is by means of what has been accepted as a statement of Muhammad. The one looking to this is in need of distinguishing the acceptable from the unacceptable. Regarding jurisprudence, then the jurist is in need of citing as an evidence the acceptable to the exception of the later, something only possible utilizing the science of hadith." 3382:

literature has contributed to making their study the place of departure for any serious study of hadith. In addition, Bukhari and Muslim in particular, claimed that they were collecting only the soundest of sound hadiths. These later scholars tested their claims and agreed to them, so that today, they are considered the most reliable collections of hadith. Toward the end of the 5th century,

1501: 2706: 2604:. The Mu`tazila, for whom the "judge of truth ... was human reason," had clashed with traditionists who looked to the literal meaning of the Quran and hadith for truth. While the Quran had been officially compiled and approved, hadiths had not. One result was the number of hadiths began "multiplying in suspiciously direct correlation to their utility" to the quoter of the hadith ( 1829:, in contrast to hadith as defined as traditions about Muhammad himself. Another definition (by Ibn Warraq) describes them as "discrete anecdotes or reports" from early Islam which "include simple statements, utterances of authoritative scholars, saints, or statesmen, reports of events, and stories about historical events all varying in length from one line to several pages." 1292: 2183:), which documents the route by which the report has been transmitted. The isnad was an effort to document that a hadith actually came from Muhammad, and Muslim scholars from the eighth century to the present have never ceased to repeat the mantra "The isnad is part of the religion—if not for the isnad, whoever wanted could say whatever they wanted." The 3682:("science of discrediting and accrediting"), in which details about the transmitter are scrutinized. This includes analyzing their date and place of birth; familial connections; teachers and students; religiosity; moral behaviour; literary output; their travels; as well as their date of death. Based upon these criteria, the reliability ( 3573:), is considered seminal in the field of Western hadith studies. Goldziher took the same critical approach as Sprenger and Muir, suggesting that many hadith showed anachronistic elements indicating that they were not authentic, and that the many contradictory hadith made the value of the entire corpus questionable. The work of 1859:"Many thousands of times" more numerous than the verses of the Quran, hadith have been described as resembling layers surrounding the "core" of Islamic beliefs (the Quran). Well-known, widely accepted hadith make up the narrow inner layer, with a hadith becoming less reliable and accepted with each layer stretching outward. 1723:

community from generation to generation en masse, whereas the hadith are reports collected by later compilers often centuries removed from the source. ... A practice which is contained within the Hadith may well be regarded as Sunna, but it is not necessary that a Sunna would have a supporting hadith sanctioning it.

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in the 1950s sought to obtain a critical understanding of the chains of transmission of particular hadith, focusing on the convergence of transmission chains of particular hadith back to a single "common link" from who all later sources ultimately obtained the hadith, who Schacht considered to be the

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Some important elements, which are today taken to be a long-held part of Islamic practice and belief are not mentioned in the Quran, but are reported in hadiths. Therefore, Muslims usually maintain that hadiths are a necessary requirement for the true and proper practice of Islam, as it gives Muslims

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Whereas the 'Hadith' is an oral communication that is allegedly derived from the Prophet or his teachings, the 'Sunna' (quite literally: mode of life, behaviour or example) signifies the prevailing customs of a particular community or people. ... A 'Sunna' is a practice which has been passed on by a

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cannot determine the authenticity of a hadith. Many Western scholars suspect that there was widespread fabrication of hadith (either entirely or by the misattribution of the views of early Muslim religious and legal thinkers to Muhammad) in the early centuries of Islam to support certain theological

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quoted a hadith stating that "In my community there will rise a man called Abu Hanifa who will be its guiding light". In fact one agreed upon hadith warned that, "There will be forgers, liars who will bring you hadiths which neither you nor your forefathers have heard, Beware of them." In addition

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In contrast, according to the Shia Islam Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project, "... when there is no clear Qur'anic statement, nor is there a Hadith upon which Muslim schools have agreed. ... Shi'a ... refer to Ahlul-Bayt to derive the Sunnah of the Prophet"—implying that while hadith is limited to

3559:. These works were generally critical of the reliability of hadith, suggesting that traditional Muslim scholarship was incapable of determining the authenticity of hadith, and that the hadith tradition had been corrupted by widespread fabrication of fraudulent hadith. The late 19th century work of 2206:

The first people to hear hadith were the companions who preserved it and then conveyed it to those after them. Then the generation following them received it, thus conveying it to those after them and so on. So a companion would say, "I heard the Prophet say such and such." The Follower would then

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by Muslim scholars, due to their first recording centuries after Muhammad's life, the unverifiability of the claimed chains of transmission, and the widespread creation of fraudulent hadiths. Western scholars instead see hadith as more valuable for recording later developments in Islamic theology.

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Faced with a huge corpus of miscellaneous traditions supporting different views on a wide variety of controversial matters—some of them flatly contradicting each other—Islamic scholars of the Abbasid period sought to authenticate hadith. Scholars had to decide which hadith were to be trusted as

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Unlike Sunnis, the majority of Shia do not consider any of their hadith collections to be sahih (authentic) in their entirety. Therefore, each individual hadith in a specific collection must be investigated separately to determine its authenticity. The Akhbari school, however, considers all the

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sharing the same text are each counted as individual hadith. If, say, ten companions record a text reporting a single incident in the life of Muhammad, hadith scholars can count this as ten hadiths. Thus, Musnad Ahmad, for example, has over 30,000 hadiths—but this count includes texts that are

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Unlike the Quran, not all Muslims believe that hadith accounts (or at least not all hadith accounts) are divine revelation. Different collections of hadīth would come to differentiate the different branches of the Islamic faith. Some Muslims believe that Islamic guidance should be based on the

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Different branches of Islam refer to different collections of hadith, although the same incident may be found in hadith from different collections. In general, the difference between Shi'a and Sunni collections is that Shia give preference to hadiths attributed to Muhammad's family and close

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is performed differently by different hadithist Islamic sects. Quranists, on the other hand, believe that if the Quran is silent on some matter, it is because God did not hold its detail to be of consequence; and that some hadith contradict the Quran, proving that some hadith are a source of

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composed brief works recording a selection of about two- to five-thousand such texts which they felt to have been most soundly documented or most widely referred to in the Muslim scholarly community. The 4th and 5th century saw these six works being commented on quite widely. This auxiliary

3872:. For Mu'tazilites, the basic argument for rejecting the hadiths was that "since its essence is transmission by individuals, cannot be a sure avenue of our knowledge about the Prophetic teaching unlike the Qur'an about whose transmission there is a universal unanimity among Muslims". 3479:

and takes out the weak of our followers from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge (Hadith) which we (Ahl al-Bayt) have gifted to them, he on the day of judgement will come with a crown on his head. It will shine among the people gathered on the plain of resurrection."

3686:) of the transmitter is assessed. It is also determined whether the individual was actually able to transmit the report, which is deduced from their contemporaneity and geographical proximity with the other transmitters in the chain. Examples of biographical dictionaries include: 1870:(obligatory Islamic prayers) that are not found in the Quran, as well as everyday behavior such as table manners, dress, and posture. Hadith are also regarded by Muslims as important tools for understanding things mentioned in the Quran but not explained, a source for 4285:"The full systems of Islamic theology and law are not derived primarily from the Quran. Muhammad's sunna was a second but far more detailed living scripture, and later Muslim scholars would thus often refer to Muhammad as 'The Possessor of Two Revelations'". 1412:. Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators (a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith, from which the source of the hadith can apparently be traced). Compilations of hadith were collected by Islamic scholars (known as 3852:

The major points of intra-Muslim criticism of the hadith literature is based in questions regarding its authenticity. However, Muslim criticism of hadith is also based on theological and philosophical Islamic grounds of argument and critique.

2493:, or third successor of Muhammad, who had formerly been Muhammad's secretary), is generally credited with urging Muslims to record the hadith just as Muhammad had suggested that some of his followers to write down his words and actions. 1973:

is usually described as "the earliest written collection of hadith" but sayings of Muhammad are "blended with the sayings of the companions", (822 hadith from Muhammad and 898 from others, according to the count of one edition). In

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Move not your tongue with it, to hasten with recitation of it. Indeed, upon Us is its collection and its recitation. So when We have recited it, then follow its recitation. Then upon Us is Interpretation. Surah Al Qiyamah, verse

3604:, "In the early Islamic centuries there could be no better way of promoting a cause, an opinion, or a faction than to cite an appropriate action or utterance of the Prophet." To fight these forgeries, the elaborate tradition of 4323:, 1981/1401) and also that he showed it to Yahya ibn Ma'in who died in 233. Nasa'i, the last to die of the authors of the six books, died in 303/915. He probably completed this work a few decades before his death: by 275 or so. 1962:"... from other persons are of no account in the face of a tradition from the Prophet, whether they confirm or contradict it; if the other persons had been aware of the tradition from the Prophet, they would have followed it". 2079:

Much of the early Islamic history available today is also based on the hadith, although it has been challenged for its lack of basis in primary source material and the internal contradictions of available secondary material.

3726:. These reports are considered the most authoritative as they pass through so many different routes that collusion between all of the transmitters becomes an impossibility. Reports not meeting this standard are known as 2496:

Uthman's labours were cut short by his assassination, at the hands of aggrieved soldiers, in 656. No direct sources survive directly from this period so we are dependent on what later writers tell us about this period.

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Tottoli, Roberto, "Hadith", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol I, pp. 231–236.

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The hadith literature in use today is based on spoken reports in circulation after the death of Muhammad. Hadith were not promptly written down during Muhammad's lifetime or immediately after his death. Hadith were

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revealed to Muhammad). While the number of verses pertaining to law in the Quran is relatively small, hadith are considered by many to give direction on everything from details of religious obligations (such as

5117: 5437: 1570:("weak"). However, different groups and different scholars may classify a hadith differently. Historically, some hadiths deemed to be unreliable were still used by Sunni jurists for non-core areas of law. 3474:

The importance of hadith in the Shia school of thought is well documented. This can be captured by Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of Muhammad, when he narrated that "Whoever of our Shia (followers) knows our

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According to the scholars Harald Motzki and Daniel W. Brown the earliest Islamic legal reasonings that have come down to us were "virtually hadith-free", but gradually, over the course of second century

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being a report about the importance of an individual (or individuals) which is transmitted only through their supporters or family, and which is not supported by reports from other independent channels.

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has narrated that "In our Hadith there are Mutashabih (unclear ones) like those in al-Quran as well as Muhkam (clear ones) like those of al-Quran. You must refer the unclear ones to the clear ones."

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Hadith on matters of importance needed to come through a number of independent chains, this was known as the scale of transmission. Reports that passed through many reliable transmitters in many

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The mainstream sects consider hadith to be essential supplements to, and clarifications of, the Quran, Islam's holy book, as well as for clarifying issues pertaining to Islamic jurisprudence.

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or Muhammad himself, said or did on a particular occasion, preceded by a chain of transmitters". However, she adds that "nowadays, hadith almost always means hadith from Muhammad himself."

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Traditions of the life of Muhammad and the early history of Islam were passed down mostly orally for more than a hundred years after Muhammad's death in AD 632. Muslim historians say that

10256: 3360:, whom Shia reject. Differences in hadith collections have contributed to differences in worship practices and shari'a law and have hardened the dividing line between the two traditions. 5987:(Cambridge, 1983; Juynboll, G.H.A., “Some New Ideas on the Development of Sunna as a Technical Term in Early Islam”, ‘’Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam’’ 10 (1987): p.108, cited in 2673:, survives in a manuscript dated 844. A collection of hadiths dedicated to invocations to God, attributed to a certain Khālid ibn Yazīd, is dated 880-881. A consistent fragment of the 1882:

the nuanced details of Islamic practice and belief in areas where the Quran is silent. An example is the obligatory prayers, which are commanded in the Quran, but explained in hadith.

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followed by the Sunnis because they do not trust many of the Sunni narrators and transmitters. They have their own extensive hadith literature. The best-known hadith collections are

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and sweets), Western scholars suggest that it is extraordinarily difficult if not impossible to determine which hadith accurately reflect the historical Muhammad. Hadith scholar

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prayer. In the 18th century, a man was "almost beaten to death" in the great mosque of Delhi for raising his hands during salat in the manner that revivalist preacher/scholar

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literature, focusing on military actions of Muhammad, but also included non-military aspects of his life. Therefore, there is overlap in the meaning of the terms, although

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Hadith science use a number of methods of evaluation developed by early Muslim scholars in determining the veracity of reports attributed to Muhammad. This is achieved by:

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Sunni and Shia hadith collections differ because scholars from the two traditions differ as to the reliability of the narrators and transmitters. Narrators who sided with

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The earliest surviving hadith manuscripts were copied on papyrus. A long scroll collects traditions transmitted by the scholar and qadi 'Abd Allāh ibn Lahīʻa (d. 790). A

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According to as-Sayyid ash-Sharif al-Jurjani, the hadith qudsi differ from the Quran in that the former are "expressed in Muhammad's words", whereas the latter are the "

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Muslim scholars have a long history of questioning the hadith literature throughout Islamic history. Western academics also became active in the field later (in

1958:)—with establishing the principle of the using the hadith of Muhammad for Islamic law, and emphasizing the inferiority of hadith of anyone else, saying hadiths: 1428:

is the Arabic word for things like a report or an account (of an event). For many, the authority of hadith is a source for religious and moral guidance known as

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In Islamic law, the use of hadith as it is understood today (hadith of Muhammad with documentation, isnads, etc.) came gradually. According to scholars such as

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of Muslim's book) 2200, Tirmidhi 4000, Abu Dawud 4000, Nasa'i 4800, Ibn Majah 4300. There is considerable overlap amongst the six books so that Ibn al-Athir's

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had attributed just 1720 statements or deeds to the Muhammad, it was no longer unusual to find people who had collected a hundred times that number of hadith.

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The reports of Muhammad's (and sometimes his companions') behavior collected by hadith compilers include details of ritual religious practice such as the five

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includes reports by others than Muhammad in her definition of hadith: "short reports (sometimes just a line or two) recording what an early figure, such as a

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According to British historian of Arab world Alfred Guillaume, it is "certain" that "several small collections" of hadith were "assembled in Umayyad times."

5923:^ Collected in the Musnad of Ahmad (10\15-6\ 6510 and also nos. 6930, 7017 and 1720), Sunan Abu Dawud (Mukhtasar Sunan Abi Dawud (5\246\3499) and elsewhere. 4332:

Counting multiple narrations of the same texts as a single text, the number of hadiths each author has recorded roughly as follows: Bukhari (as in Zabidi's

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orally to written and gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th centuries, generations after Muhammad's death, after the end of the era of the

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authentic and which had been fabricated for political or theological purposes. To do this, they used a number of techniques which Muslims now call the

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became the most pervasive due to the need displayed by each of these three sciences. The need hadith has of its science is apparent. As for Quranic

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consists of a chronological list of the narrators, each mentioning the one from whom they heard the hadith, until mentioning the originator of the

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Some Muslim critics of hadith even go so far as to completely reject them as the basic texts of Islam and instead adhere to the movement called

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rejected the Hadith. There were some who opposed even the writing down of the Hadith itself for fear that it would compete, or even replace the

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is considered the standard classical reference on hadith science. Some schools of Hadith methodology apply as many as sixteen separate tests.

10219: 3820:(denounced) which is a report that is rejected due to the presence of an unreliable transmitter contradicting another more reliable narrator. 5758:

Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam: A Reconsideration of the Sources, with Special Reference to the Divine Saying or Hadith Qudsi

5214: 9644: 7077: 5990: 2226:), while Sunnis do not consider family lineage in evaluating hadith and sunnah narrated by any of twelve thousand companions of Muhammad. 1934:("successors" of the companions) "was the rule", while use of hadith of Muhammad himself by Muslims was "the exception". Schacht credits 1784:(literally "way of going" or "conduct"), biographies of Muhammad, written since the middle of the eighth century. Similar writings called 1465:

prayer), to the correct forms of salutations and the importance of benevolence to slaves. Thus for many, the "great bulk" of the rules of

9651: 8705: 5311: 3499:, the son of al-Baqir, has said the following regarding hadith: "You must write it down; you will not memorize until you write it down." 1642:

refers to reports of statements or actions of Muhammad, or of his tacit approval or criticism of something said or done in his presence.

5463: 3352:, in the disputes over leadership that followed the death of Muhammad, are considered unreliable by the Shia; narrations attributed to 1992:(family of Muhammad) to be written on the authority of the Prophet". However, the acts, statements or approvals of Muhammad are called 1838:(trace, remnant) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad. 4826: 3633:

Based on these criteria, various classifications of hadith have been developed. The earliest comprehensive work in hadith science was

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Western scholars are generally skeptical of the value of hadith for understanding the true historical Muhammad, even those considered

10838: 9669: 8779: 8695: 5438:"Shaikh Shah Waliullahs Dehlawi's (1176H) Inclination in Fiqh and his Hanafiyyah – al-Allamah Shaikh Muhammad Ismaeel Salafi (1378H)" 2151:

When God decreed the Creation He pledged Himself by writing in His book which is laid down with Him: My mercy prevails over My wrath.

112: 4500: 10783: 10261: 10182: 8796: 7388: 6272:

N. Abbott, Studies In Arabic Literary Papyri: Historical Texts, 1957, Volume I, University of Chicago Press: Chicago (USA), p. 61.

10793: 10460: 8759: 8680: 4794: 3992: 3080: 2211:" The one after him would then say, "I heard someone say, 'I heard a Companion say, 'I heard the Prophet ...''" and so on. 8700: 7648: 3507: 998: 9553: 6023:

Motzki, Harald (1991). "The Musannaf of Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani as a Source of Authentic Ahadith of the First Century A.H.".

4989: 1893:) and how many times they are to be performed, are found in hadith. However, hadiths differ on these details and consequently 10621: 9658: 9088: 8710: 8667: 7569: 7454: 7017: 6737: 6585: 6356: 6329: 6302: 5172: 5095: 4804: 4459: 3649: 2967: 2647:. This manuscript is believed to be transmitted by students of Ibn Hishām (d. 218 AH /834 CE), perhaps soon after his death. 10493: 10405: 10200: 10091: 9733: 7297: 1142: 9422: 1918:

According to Schacht, (and other scholars) in the very first generations after the death of Muhammad, use of hadith from

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in Islam. In its classic form a hadith consists of two parts—the chain of narrators who have transmitted the report (the

1521:) created in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad. Historically, some sects of the 7196: 6666: 1536:

Because some hadith contain questionable and even contradictory statements, the authentication of hadith became a major

10607: 7483: 7210: 7182: 6000: 4777: 4513: 1416:) in the centuries after Muhammad's death. Hadith are widely respected in mainstream Muslim thought and are central to 1322: 2406: in this assertion re Muslim historians citing Uthman on hadith. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 10521: 10361: 10002: 8562: 8516: 8176: 8170: 7534: 7433: 7398: 7374: 7328: 7286: 7146: 7066: 6676: 6549: 6453: 5850: 5705: 5634: 5473: 5321: 5001: 4869: 4836: 4723: 4696: 4311:

The earliest book, Bukhari's Sahih was composed by 225/840 since he states that he spent sixteen years composing it (

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In the Sunni tradition, the number of such texts is somewhere between seven and thirteen thousand, but the number of

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had ignored authentic hadith which made clear hands should be raised over ears multiple times during the praying of

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Supplier Dieu dans l'Égypte toulounide : Le florilège de l'invocation d'après Ḫālid b. Yazīd (IIIe/IXe siècle)

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report suffering from minor deficiency, or a weak report strengthened due to numerous other corroborating reports;

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and the family of Muhammad, and to their supporters, are preferred. Sunni scholars put trust in narrators such as

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Over the centuries, several different categories of collections have emerged. Some are more general, such as the

3327: 6899: 5890: 2519:, and practices that “had gained general acceptance among the jurists of that school”. On his deathbed, Caliph 10192: 8982: 8540: 8438: 7602: 7087: 6955: 6236: 5952: 5770: 4449: 3272: 2403: 1135: 1069: 6105: 4618: 2605: 2425: 10831: 10572: 10562: 10507: 10446: 10057: 9706: 9206: 8350: 8109: 7844: 4482: 3692: 3511: 3016: 1045: 4344:, which gathers together the hadiths texts of all six books deleting repeated texts, has about 9500 hadiths. 11212: 10757: 10296: 10291: 9479: 8902: 8879: 8499: 8355: 8345: 8251: 7962: 7059:

The development of exegesis in early Islam: the authenticity of Muslim literature from the formative period

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which held that one's hands should be raised only once during the ritual prayer, while Waliullah held that

3428: 3048: 1775:. They differ from hadith in that they are organized "relatively chronologically" rather than by subject. 1473:

the term hadith may include not only the words, advice, practices, etc. of Muhammad, but also those of his

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Lutz Berger "Islamische Theologie", Facultas Verlags- und Buchhandels AG 2010 isbn 978-3-8252-3303-7 p. 29

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Encyclopedia of Sahih Al-Bukhari by Arabic Virtual Translation Center (New York 2019, Barnes & Noble

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has disputed the claims made by Western scholars about the reliability of traditional hadith criticism.

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also rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and

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Western scholarly criticism of hadith began in colonial India in the mid 19th century with the works of

2432: 1821:) may be used as a synonym for hadith, but some scholars use it to refer to traditions about Muhammad's 10650: 10628: 10579: 10286: 10140: 9921: 9914: 8764: 8647: 8164: 7641: 4496: 3997: 3923:

Western scholars, notably Ignaz Goldziher and Joseph Schacht among others, have criticised traditional

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Moral Teachings of Islam: Prophetic Traditions from Al-Adab Al-mufrad By Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl Bukhārī

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literally means "support", and it is so named because hadith specialists rely on it to determine the

1661: 1184: 633: 552: 9988: 9900: 9618: 5137:

by Abu al-Baqa’ al-Kafawi, p. 370; Mu'assasah l-Risalah. This last phrase is quoted by al-Qasimi in

4896:"Surah Al-Jumu'a, Word by word translation of verse number 2-3 (Tafsir included) | الجمعة - Quran O" 10824: 10542: 10370: 10348: 9685: 9373: 9352: 9334: 9277: 8999: 8728: 8552: 8325: 7863: 7339: 6501: 5695: 5624: 5259: 4713: 3435:, which were compiled by three authors who are known as the 'Three Muhammads'. The Four Books are: 3162: 2962: 2590:

Muwaṭṭaʾ, dated to his own time. Recto (left) has the contents of Bāb al-Targib fī-Sadaqah, 795 AD.

2414: 1529:

rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and

444: 345: 4953: 3487:

Regarding the importance of maintaining accuracy in recording hadith, it has been documented that

10880: 10851: 10664: 10586: 10048: 9837: 9816: 9380: 8862: 7736: 6847:

re: Ignatz Goldziher, Josef Schacht, Patricia Crone, John Esposito, and Reza Aslan in particular.

5285: 4376: 3722: 3687: 3670: 3663: 3565: 2757: 2549:"the infiltration and incorporation of Prophetic hadiths into Islamic jurisprudence" took place. 2399: 2392: 1517:, thus rejecting the authority of hadith; some further claim that most hadiths are fabrications ( 1481:, hadith are the embodiment of the sunnah, the words and actions of Muhammad and his family, the 1247: 1149: 770: 743: 381: 102: 20: 7890: 7566:, by Albert Kenneth Cragg, Gloria Lotha, Marco Sampaolo, Matt Stefon, Noah Tesch and Adam Zeidan 6997: 5075: 10930: 10593: 10281: 10107: 10016: 9851: 9436: 9014: 8943: 8912: 8852: 7834: 7829: 7747: 7618: 7344: 4243: 4149: 3211: 2977: 2323: 2163:

view. The Usuli scholars emphasize the importance of scientific examination of hadiths through

1653:

in religious tradition is something attributed to Muhammad but that is not found in the Quran.

1348: 1315: 1167: 1130: 806: 779: 336: 327: 318: 3816: 3808: 11091: 10064: 9907: 9844: 9514: 9507: 9429: 8960: 8938: 7757: 7634: 7202: 7174: 6249:"PERF No. 665: The Earliest Extant Manuscript Of The Sirah Of Prophet Muhammad By Ibn Hisham" 4445: 4384: 3945: 3796: 3783: 3740:

According to Muhammad Shafi, Hadith whose isnad has been scrutinized then have their text or

3728: 3378: 3206: 3031: 2815: 2770: 2529:) who emigrated to Medina with Muhammad, the Medina residents who welcomed and supported the 1646: 1154: 1084: 788: 579: 309: 7596: 3901:

come partly from the traditional elements of the hadith and seek to reject those teachings.

11084: 10924: 10749: 10714: 10657: 10600: 10251: 10009: 9886: 9408: 9366: 8627: 8534: 8479: 5820: 4246:

had advocated. The victim's assailants supported the doctrine of traditionalists of Hanafi

3957: 2254: 2088: 1750: 1058: 933: 797: 399: 94: 6927:

Cambridge History of Arabic Literature: Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period

3467:. Shi'a clerics also make use of extensive collections and commentaries by later authors. 1610: 1589: 1552:). Individual hadith are classified by Muslim clerics and jurists into categories such as 8: 11143: 11078: 11015: 10960: 10707: 10678: 10528: 10377: 10341: 9830: 9486: 9192: 8857: 8738: 8632: 8448: 7945: 7742: 7192: 7163: 7104: 6844: 5816: 4519: 4007: 3962: 3841: 3492: 3320: 3216: 2850: 2750: 1770: 1728: 1240: 1005: 974: 889: 761: 480: 372: 300: 4861: 4296:

Thalathatu rasa'il fi ulum al-hadith; risalat abi dawud ila ahl makkata fi wasf sunanihi

2167:

while the Akhbari scholars consider all hadiths from the four Shia books as authentic .

1966:

This led to "the almost complete neglect" of traditions from the Companions and others.

11150: 10700: 10440: 10130: 9630: 9472: 9359: 9245: 9213: 9185: 9153: 9019: 8933: 8784: 8720: 8528: 8504: 8181: 8159: 8119: 8009: 7922: 7873: 7839: 7730: 7404: 7256: 7248: 6826: 6497: 6374: 6040: 5674: 4760:

Aisha Y. Musa, The Qur’anists, Florida International University, accessed May 22, 2013.

3977: 3972: 3767: 3641: 3496: 3452: 3387: 3240: 3197: 3167: 3150: 3125: 3070: 3026: 2738: 2511:, and Daniel W. Brown, early schools of Islamic jurisprudence used the rulings of the 2490: 2276: 2258: 2188: 1970: 1853: 1252: 1077: 991: 698: 525: 462: 426: 221: 77: 6437: 1911:

quotes a hadith of Muhammad that is used "to justify reference" in Islamic law to the

11222: 11172: 11066: 10433: 10125: 9949: 9678: 9465: 9458: 9320: 9270: 9146: 8994: 8989: 8894: 8884: 8874: 8557: 8443: 8395: 8238: 8149: 7910: 7900: 7895: 7885: 7880: 7713: 7612: 7530: 7514: 7489: 7479: 7450: 7429: 7394: 7370: 7350: 7324: 7282: 7260: 7240: 7206: 7178: 7142: 7083: 7062: 7013: 6975: 6971: 6672: 6581: 6545: 6449: 6362: 6352: 6325: 6298: 6232: 6044: 5996: 5948: 5846: 5766: 5762: 5701: 5630: 5469: 5317: 5168: 5091: 5047: 4997: 4949: 4865: 4832: 4800: 4773: 4719: 4692: 4509: 4455: 3894: 3488: 3281: 3245: 3192: 3105: 3065: 2927: 2670: 2601: 1308: 1125: 981: 957: 561: 543: 516: 417: 363: 354: 264: 207: 5722: 3405:, and some more specific, characterized either by the subjects covered, such as the 2677:

of the Egyptian Maliki jurist 'Abd Allāh ibn Wahb (d. 813) is finally dated to 889.

2439: 11047: 10728: 10721: 10671: 10557: 10030: 9893: 9823: 9784: 9528: 9401: 9394: 9199: 9160: 9132: 9024: 9009: 8769: 8474: 8196: 8134: 8124: 8114: 8099: 7905: 7808: 7780: 7668: 7501: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7232: 7198:

Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy

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Muslim Traditions: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith

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Among the most prominent Muslim critics of hadith in modern times are the Egyptian

3481: 3383: 3090: 3085: 3036: 3021: 3006: 2915: 2794: 2482: 2341: 2308: 2250: 2242: 2155:

In the Shia school of thought, there are two fundamental viewpoints of hadith: The

2054: 1731:) limit hadith to verbal reports, with the deeds of Muhammad and reports about his 1505: 1490: 1296: 1264: 1257: 894: 844: 752: 648: 570: 507: 471: 390: 273: 165: 11136: 7527:

Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on The Authority Of Prophetic Traditions in Islam

7361:

Schacht, Joseph (1950). The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford: Clarendon

7227:

Hallaq, Wael B. (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem".

6813:

B. Hallaq, Wael (1999). "The Authenticity of Prophetic Ḥadîth: A Pseudo-Problem".

6517:, Cambridge, Islamic Texts Society, 1993, edited and revised by Abdal Hakim Murad. 4365: 1969:

Collections of hadith sometimes mix those of Muhammad with the reports of others.

11207: 11157: 11104: 11035: 10899: 10860: 10471: 10425: 10302: 10037: 9935: 9809: 9692: 9493: 9415: 9231: 9167: 9123: 8950: 8657: 8602: 8402: 8088: 8048: 7999: 7951: 7725: 7576: 6876: 6319: 6292: 6177:"PERF No. 731: The Earliest Manuscript Of Malik's Muwatta' Dated To His Own Time" 5757: 4955:

Mabadi Tadabbur-i-Hadith (translated as: "Fundamentals of Hadith Interpretation")

4686: 4198: 4164: 4140: 3982: 3865: 3605: 3591: 3560: 3536: 3225: 3041: 3001: 2990: 2972: 2875: 2820: 2733: 2655: 2643:

PERF No. 665: The earliest extant manuscript of The Sirah Of Prophet Muḥammad by

2508: 2262: 2237: 1622: 1605: 1526: 1408:

containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet

1363: 1339: 1009: 926: 916: 725: 534: 408: 235: 193: 151: 72: 39: 7367:

Narrative Social Structure: Anatomy of the Hadith Transmission Network, 610-1505

6628:

by Ibn al-Salah, p. 5, Dar al-Fikr, with the verification of Nur al-Din al-‘Itr.

4854: 1668:

the "Traditions" of Muhammad, the Shi'a Sunna draws on the sayings, etc. of the

117: 11123: 10990: 10847: 10486: 9974: 9942: 9761: 9699: 9634: 9597: 9387: 9238: 9062: 8789: 8642: 8484: 8186: 7107:(2004). "Criticism of the Proto-Hadith Canon: Al-daraqutni's Adjustment of the 4403: 3987: 3967: 3924: 3905: 3883: 3587: 3574: 3552: 3432: 3313: 3185: 3172: 3130: 3075: 2689: 2614: 2587: 2504: 2295: 1908: 1849: 1706: 1657: 1537: 1518: 1405: 716: 604: 435: 291: 65: 7009: 6366: 5087: 5027: 3917: 2072:(Islamic jurisprudence). The hadith are at the root of why there is no single 11201: 10953: 10946: 10938: 10906: 10868: 10764: 10500: 10479: 10355: 10272: 9879: 9770: 9590: 9500: 9284: 8965: 8802: 8652: 8191: 8154: 8129: 8014: 7493: 7354: 7244: 6979: 6485: 6445: 6291:

Khoury, Raif Georges; Lahiah, Abd Allah Ibn; Lahīʻah, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn (1986).

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Muslims have come to blows over differences in the proper ritual movement in

3898: 3601: 3596:

Authenticity of a hadith is primarily verified by its chain of transmission (

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Constructive Critics, Hadith Literature, and the Articulation of Sunni Islam

6466:

Constructive Critics, Ḥadīth Literature, and the Articulation of Sunnī Islam

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as being almost entirely focused on scrutinizing the chain of transmittors (

2608:

quoted hadith warning against listening to human opinion instead of Sharia;

11098: 11058: 10918: 10893: 10805: 10391: 10384: 9583: 9546: 9139: 9052: 8977: 8637: 8489: 8367: 8083: 7987: 7975: 7689: 6346: 5824: 5528: 4398: 3913: 3876: 3556: 3532: 3414: 3301: 3257: 2994: 2726: 2715: 2275:), traditionally reject Sunan ibn Majah and assert the canonical status of 2246: 2144: 2106: 2101: 2053:(commentaries of the Quran). The earliest commentary of the Quran known as 1437: 1284: 1179: 912: 179: 82: 9073: 7559: 5028:"Even If It's Not True It's True: Using Unreliable Hadīths in Sunni Islam" 4544: 4186: 4059: 2552:

It was Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (150-204 AH), known as

1371: 11001: 10984: 10816: 10076: 9791: 9718: 9104: 8614: 8104: 8043: 7970: 7857: 7539: 7439:

English Translation of over 60,000 Basic Ahadith Books from Ahl Al-Bayt,

7124: 5167:(in Arabic). Vol. 1. Egypt: al-Matba'ah al-Salafiyyah. p. 193. 3634: 3464: 3053: 3011: 2935: 2312: 2222: 1987: 1953: 1699:

is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early

1484: 1470: 1417: 1194: 832: 662: 141: 7268:

Ibn Warraq, ed. (2000). "1. Studies on Muhammad and the Rise of Islam".

6601: 3832:

reports are considered acceptable for usage in Islamic legal discourse.

2179:), which contains the actual narrative, and the chain of narrators (the 1718:

Another source (Joseph A. Islam) distinguishes between the two saying:

11179: 10978: 10690: 10614: 10152: 9995: 9749: 8907: 8004: 7979: 7384: 7306:]. Mauhammad Zafulla Khan, translator. New York: Olive Branch Press 7252: 6956:"Writing the Biography of the Prophet Muhammad: Problems and Solutions" 6830: 4002: 3909: 3857: 3772:

Having been evaluated, hadith may be categorized. Two categories are:

3701: 3444: 3058: 2644: 2597: 2546: 2523:

instructed Muslims to seek guidance from the Quran, the early Muslims (

2345: 2214: 2117: 2015: 1939: 1929: 1826: 1522: 1478: 839: 594: 6166:, 1967, Volume II, University of Chicago Press: Chicago (USA), p. 114. 4895: 2066:(the religious law system forming part of the Islamic tradition), and 1885:

Details of the prescribed movements and words of the prayer (known as

11129: 11115: 10157: 10147: 10023: 9928: 8622: 8053: 7868: 6077:(Oxford, 1950, repre. 1964) esp. 6-20 and 133-137): Ignaz Goldziher, 5828: 3861: 3847: 2957: 2531: 2525: 2486: 2359: 1413: 860: 815: 7236: 6822: 6164:

Studies In Arabic Literary Papyri: Qur'anic Commentary And Tradition

6137:

al-Shafii ‘’Kitab al-Risala’’, ed. Muhammad Shakir (Cairo, 1940), 84

5016:

The Future of Muslim Civilisation by Ziauddin Sardar, 1979, page 26.

2381: 10972: 10111: 9565: 8955: 8461: 8319: 8271: 8065: 8019: 7983: 7708: 7595: 6036: 5465:

Muslim Women's Quest for Justice: Gender, Law and Activism in India

3890: 3761: 3540: 3341: 3267: 3235: 2949: 2883: 2609: 2557: 2235:

In the Sunni branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are

1888: 1514: 1409: 965: 107: 6496:: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by 2175:

The two major aspects of a hadith are the text of the report (the

2076:

system, but rather a collection of parallel systems within Islam.

1609:) means "report", "account", or "narrative". Its Arabic plural is 1469:

are derived from hadith, rather than the Quran. Among scholars of

11009: 10466: 10323: 9967: 8970: 8576: 8264: 8144: 8036: 8029: 8024: 7766: 7611: 6602:"Surah Al-Qiyamah | 2 of 4 | al-Q̈iyamah | Chapter: 75 - Quran O" 3476: 3100: 2777: 2512: 2319: 2290: 2271: 2249:

generally have the highest status. The other books of hadith are

2164: 2160: 1921: 1912: 1732: 1494: 1474: 1212: 1174: 689: 4772:

Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge,

1802:

suggests military aspects rather than general biographical ones.

11029: 10966: 10886: 8494: 8468: 8427: 8388: 8305: 8218: 8139: 7994: 7940: 7702: 7626: 6469: 4768: 4766: 4022: 4017: 3941: 3120: 3110: 2899: 2867: 2859: 2838: 2722: 2625: 2577: 2568: 2516: 2479: 2266: 2062: 2049: 1873: 1822: 1694: 1466: 1429: 1222: 986: 55: 7296:

Muhyi ad-Din Abu Zakariyya Yahya bin Sharaf an-Nawawi (1975).

5845:(Volume 6 ed.). New York: Islamic Seminary Incorporated. 5435: 4626:

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

4294:

See the references and discussion by Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah

4128: 2634: 1856:, over 1,000 km (600 mi) from where Muhammad lived. 11023: 10912: 10874: 10515:

The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History

10162: 9559: 8743: 8568: 8522: 8510: 8312: 8298: 8257: 7930: 7787: 7773: 7694: 7657: 6493: 5344:

Ibn Warraq, "Studies on Muhammad and the Rise of Islam", 2000

4119: 3357: 3262: 3140: 2831: 2789: 2782: 2705: 2697: 2337: 2156: 2084: 1915:

as religious authorities—"My companions are like lodestars."

1865: 1700: 1460: 1444: 1433: 1065: 87: 27: 7459: 7441:

Online Shia Islamic Articles, Books, Khutbat, Calendar, Duas

6576:

ibn Ya’qub al-Kulayni, Abu Ja’far Muhammad (February 2013).

4763: 4131: 4102: 2389:

This assertion re Muslim historians citing Uthman on hadith

2362:, reject the authority of the hadith collections altogether. 2348:

collection, which retains canonical status in its own right.

2293:

Shi'a branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are

1755:

Islamic literary classifications similar to hadith (but not

1500: 8409: 8381: 8331: 8278: 8223: 7794: 7440: 7168:

Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World

6932: 6925:

N.J. Coulson, "European Criticism of Hadith Literature, in

6858:"DeRudKR - Kap. 27: Was bedeutet 'Gehorcht dem Gesandten'?" 6202: 6113:

Loyola Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

5593:

Shafi'i. "Introduction. Kitab Ikhtilaf Malid wal-Shafi'i".

5074:

Brown, Daniel W. (2 January 2020), Brown, Daniel W. (ed.),

4788: 4786: 3869: 3363: 3345: 2891: 2799: 2520: 2068: 1945: 1530: 1452: 1217: 6520: 3422: 2105:(sacred hadith)—which some Muslims regard as the words of 1638:

In Islamic terminology, according to Juan Campo, the term

6996:

Görke, Andreas (2 January 2020), Brown, Daniel W. (ed.),

5153:, by Ibn Manthour, vol. 2, p. 350; Dar al-Hadith edition. 4099: 4093: 3720:

up until their collection and transcription are known as

3353: 3349: 2047:

The hadith had a profound and controversial influence on

1709:

describes hadith as providing "the documentation" of the

7588: 7032: 6081:, trans and ed. Wolfgang Behn (Leiden, 1971), 20 ff...)] 4796:

Major Issues in Islam: The Challenges within and Without

4783: 1806:

Other "traditions" of Islam related to hadith include:

7449:; New York: Arabic Virtual Translation Center; (2012) 6919: 6580:(eBook ed.). New York: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 5511:

Shafi'i. "Kitab Ikhtilaf Malid wal-Shafi'i, 57, 148".

5238: 5236: 5215:"The Major Difference Between the Shi'a and the Sunni" 3620:

the individual narrators involved in its transmission,

2340:

branch of Islam, the main canonical collection is the

7447:

1000 Qudsi Hadiths: An Encyclopedia of Divine Sayings

6575: 5932:

Roman, provincial and Islamic law, Patricia Crone, p2

4920: 4918: 4916: 4756: 4754: 3886:), starting in 1890, but much more often since 1950. 2113:(noble hadith), which are Muhammad's own utterances. 1508:

Islamic legal writings (Sharia), produced October 879

7338:

Robson, J. "Hadith". In P.J. Bearman; Th. Bianquis;

5643: 5489: 4930: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4237: 4173: 4154: 4125: 4096: 4047: 3629:

the routes through which the report was transmitted.

2680: 2556:, who emphasized the final authority of a hadith of 2215:

Hadith literature by branch or denomination of Islam

2207:

say, "I heard a companion say, 'I heard the Prophet.

2057:

is sometimes attributed to the companion Ibn Abbas.

2029: 2019: 2009: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1979: 1951: 1943: 1927: 1919: 1894: 1886: 1871: 1863: 1833: 1816: 1810: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1744: 1736: 1710: 1692: 1683: 1669: 1574: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1482: 1458: 1450: 1442: 1423: 1353: 7002:

The Wiley Blackwell Concise Companion to the Hadith

6539: 6398:. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. 6290: 5601: 5549:, trans and ed. Wolfgang Behn (Leiden, 1971), 20 ff 5381: 5233: 5080:

The Wiley Blackwell Concise Companion to the Hadith

4122: 4116: 4090: 4087: 7500:from the original on 22 November 2018 – via 6219: 5181: 4913: 4853: 4751: 4364: 4336:of Bukhari's book) 2134, Muslim (as in Mundhiri's 3409:(restricted to legal-liturgical traditions), or by 2037: 6874: 6318:Munabbih, Wahb ibn; Khoury, Raif Georges (1972). 5935: 5571: 5557: 5555: 5455: 5337: 4718:(2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. vii. 4419: 3931:) rather than the actual contents of the hadith ( 11199: 10420:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources 7041:On Schacht's Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 6727:"The HADITH - How it was Collected and Compiled" 6393: 5700:(2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. 62. 5629:(2nd ed.). London: ICAS Press. p. 59. 5529:"The Hadith: "My Companions Are Like The Stars"" 5436:Abu Hibban; Abu Khuzaimah Ansari (28 May 2015). 4705: 4649: 4647: 4363: 3897:and Qur'anists believe that the problems in the 3762:Terminology: admissible and inadmissible hadiths 1984:is referred to as "the first hadith book of the 16:Collections of sayings and teachings of Muhammad 7591:– Search by keyword and find hadith by narrator 6051: 5957: 5687: 5664: 5616: 5365: 5277: 4737: 4735: 4594: 4578: 4562: 3522:Hadith as an Interpretation of the Holy Quran: 2366: 7079:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 6317: 6149:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 6140: 6060:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 5992:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 5966:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 5946:(2nd (Revised) ed.). Penguin. p. 89. 5564:Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought 5552: 4828:Science Under Islam: Rise, Decline and Revival 3908:, who became known as the "discoverer" of the 2269:, one of the four Sunni "schools of thought" ( 1900:corruption and not a complement to the Quran. 10832: 10092: 9734: 9089: 7642: 6281:Islam – the Straight Path, John Eposito, p.81 6204:Mu'tazila - use of reason in Islamic theology 6097: 6079:The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and their History 5547:The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and their History 5526: 5504: 5413: 5397: 5349: 4845: 4663: 4644: 3674:, lit. "science of people", also "science of 3581: 3321: 1316: 934: 10257:Protest outside the Danish embassy in London 7511:The Arts of Hadith Compilation and Criticism 6671:. Hoover Institution Press. pp. 79–80. 6668:The End of Modern History in the Middle East 6660: 6658: 6656: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6544:(reprint ed.). ICAS Press. p. 35. 5733: 5586: 5316:. Harvard University Press. pp. 17–18. 5303: 5283: 4732: 4610: 4451:Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature 4180: 4053: 3608:was devised to authenticate hadith known as 3471:hadith from the four books to be authentic. 2613:the number of hadith grew enormously. While 2024: 2004: 1616: 1595: 667: 653: 639: 623: 240: 226: 212: 198: 184: 170: 9103: 7369:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 6106:"Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" 5679:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5207: 5162: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4619:"Islamic Law; the impact of Joseph Schacht" 4203: 3390:, a delineation which remains to this day. 3386:formally standardized the Sunni canon into 2600:school of thought fell out of favor in the 2091:as "the backbone" of Islamic civilization. 2060:The hadith were used the form the basis of 1379: 10846: 10839: 10825: 10106: 10099: 10085: 9748: 9741: 9727: 9659:Muqaddimah ibn al-Salah fi 'Ulum al-Hadith 9619:Mirqat al Mafatih Sharh Mishkat al-masabih 9096: 9082: 7649: 7635: 6799:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world 6488:'s Biographical Dictionary, translated by 6379:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5995:. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. 5840: 5776: 5468:. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. 5190:"What do we actually know about Muhammad?" 4684: 4454:. American Trust Publications. p. 3. 3657: 3328: 3314: 1681: 1323: 1309: 941: 927: 10933:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 7135:The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim 6812: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6653: 6558: 6542:Shi'i Islam: Origins, Faith and Practices 6225: 5941: 5461: 5260:"THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HADITH AND SUNNA" 4483:"Hans Wehr English&Arabic Dictionary" 2586:PERF No. 731, the earliest manuscript of 2466:Learn how and when to remove this message 2358:Some minor groups, collectively known as 1432:, which ranks second only to that of the 7342:; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). 7318: 6692: 6507: 5841:al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub (2015). 5693: 5622: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4813: 4711: 4672:Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World.1 4489: 3711: 3506: 3364:Extent and nature in the Sunni tradition 2083:The hadith have been called by American- 1546:), and the main text of the report (the 1499: 7364: 6953: 6941:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 6938: 6900:"10 Forgotten Sects of Major Religions" 6344: 6324:(in German). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 6297:(in French). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 6075:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5652:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5649: 5610:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5607: 5592: 5580:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5577: 5510: 5498:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5495: 5245:The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence 5242: 4792: 4046:The plural form of hadith in Arabic is 3993:List of hadith authors and commentators 3623:the scale of the report's transmission, 3423:Extent and nature in the Shia tradition 1998:, while those of companions are called 1903: 1630:also refers to the speech of a person. 11200: 10262:Bombing of Danish embassy in Islamabad 7383: 7337: 7226: 6991: 6989: 6705: 6631: 6294:'Abd Allah ibn Lahi'a (97-174/715-790) 6200: 6194: 6022: 5799:"Qu'est-ce que le hadith Qudsi ?" 5782: 5720: 5667:Commentary on Malik's Muwatta', 4 vols 5654:. Oxford University Press. p. 22. 5582:. Oxford University Press. p. 12. 5500:. Oxford University Press. p. 19. 5309: 5284:Abou El Fadl, Khaled (22 March 2011). 4948: 4793:Sindima, Harvey J. (2 November 2017). 4669: 3732:, and are of several different types. 3546: 2344:. This is an expansion of the earlier 1436:(which Muslims hold to be the word of 10820: 10536:The Quest for the Historical Muhammad 10080: 9722: 9077: 8829: 8597: 8213: 7630: 7508: 7460:Gauthier H.A. Joynboll (PhD) (2013). 7276: 7270:The Quest for the Historical Muhammad 7162: 7131: 7103: 7043:. Islamic Texts Society. p. 154. 7004:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 75–90, 6995: 6881:(in German), Dr. Rashad Khalifa Ph.D. 6806: 6664: 6530:, Yale University Press, 1985, p.174. 6103: 5988: 5868:, vol. 1, pp. 39–41 with abridgement. 5612:. Oxford University Press. p. 4. 5247:. Oxford University Press. p. 3. 5187: 5082:(1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 39–56, 5073: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5025: 4987: 4970: 4936: 4924: 4851: 4616: 4444: 4432: 4197: 4163: 4073:will be used instead in this article. 3800:(good), which refers to an otherwise 3640:, while another significant work was 3626:analyzing the text of the report, and 3427:Shi'a Muslims seldom if ever use the 1878:(commentaries written on the Quran). 1842: 1621: 1604: 10789: 10461:Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven 10406:Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet 10201:Trial of Ghazi Beji and Jabeur Mejri 8598: 8214: 7056: 7038: 6641:, vol. 1, p. 90. Maktabah al-Furqan. 5163:al-Asqalani, Ahmad ibn 'Ali (2000). 5156: 4824: 4385:participating institution membership 2404:adding citations to reliable sources 2375: 2189:authenticity or weakness of a hadith 7570:Hadith by Topics and advice of PBUH 7267: 6986: 6843:See Western scholarship section in 5883: 5343: 5251: 4860:. Oxford University Press. p. 4181: 4144: 4054: 2025: 2005: 1617: 1596: 1367: 1343: 668: 654: 640: 624: 241: 227: 213: 199: 185: 171: 13: 10608:Islam: What the West Needs to Know 7420: 5983:, III/1, 243. Cf G.H.A. Juynboll, 5880:, by Mualami, p. 16, Dar al-Rayah. 5219:Ahlul Bayt Digital Library Project 5058: 4438: 1815:(literally news, information, pl. 1649:says that the intended meaning of 14: 11234: 10522:The Cartoons that Shook the World 7582: 7390:Understanding Islam through Hadis 7075: 6943:. Oxford: Clarendon. p. 163. 6724: 6146: 6057: 5963: 5727:Encyclopedia of Britannica Online 5561: 5257: 4537: 4357: 3751:contradiction of reliable hadith; 3735: 2681:Shia and Sunni textual traditions 1745:Distinction from other literature 1525:also rejected the hadiths, while 10799: 10788: 10779: 10778: 10413:Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time 9802:Other primary hadith collections 9058: 9057: 9046: 8577:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 7825:Timeline of the history of Islam 7656: 7463:Encyclopedia of Canonical Hadith 7295: 6972:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00395.x 6947: 6906: 6892: 6868: 6850: 6837: 6781: 6764: 6755: 6644: 6619: 6594: 6533: 6479: 6458: 6431: 6428:, p. 160 Dar al-Ma’aarif edition 6419: 5721:Sayeed, Asma (20 October 2023). 5669:. Vol. i. Cairo. p. 8. 5403: 5387: 5371: 5188:Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). 4600: 4584: 4568: 4326: 4305: 4300:Maktaba al-Matbu'at al-Islamiyah 4112: 4083: 3856:Historically, some sects of the 3791:Other classifications include: 3516:Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan 3419:(collections of forty hadiths). 3295: 2704: 2633: 2624: 2576: 2567: 2541:) and the people of the desert. 2380: 1790:(literally "raid") preceded the 1290: 1278: 906: 54: 9605:Al Minhaj bi Sharh Sahih Muslim 8918:List of ex-Muslim organisations 7191: 7050: 7039:Azmi, Muhammad Mustafa (1996). 6639:al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah 6402: 6394:David-Weill, Jean (1939–1948). 6387: 6338: 6311: 6284: 6275: 6266: 6241: 6169: 6156: 6131: 6084: 6067: 6025:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 6016: 5973: 5926: 5917: 5908: 5871: 5859: 5834: 5809: 5791: 5749: 5739: 5714: 5658: 5539: 5519: 5462:Tschalaer, Mengia Hong (2017). 5429: 5419: 5355: 5144: 5128: 5110: 5019: 5010: 4942: 4888: 4741: 4678: 4653: 4288: 4279: 4230: 3502: 3372:is far greater because several 2391:needs additional citations for 2038:Impact, typology and components 1926:("companions" of Muhammad) and 10622:Muhammad: The Messenger of God 7603:New International Encyclopedia 7564:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 7476:10.1163/ej.9789004156746.i-804 7323:. Cambridge University Press. 7141:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 7082:. Cambridge University Press. 6954:Hoyland, Robert (March 2007). 6092:An Introduction to Islamic Law 5694:al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). 5623:al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). 4712:al-Fadli, Abd al-Hadi (2011). 4495: 4475: 4391: 4321:Dar Nashr al-Kutub al-Islamiya 4169: 4076: 4040: 3441:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 1825:and their successors from the 1: 10573:Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet 10508:Seeing Islam as Others Saw It 10494:Muhammad: The "Banned" Images 10447:Latin biographies of Muhammad 9207:Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain 7544:Narratives of Islamic Origins 7443:( including Bihar ul Anwaar}) 7393:. New Delhi: Voice of India. 7349:. Brill Academic Publishers. 7281:. Brill Academic Publishers. 7272:. Prometheus. pp. 15–88. 7132:Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2007). 6700:Ideals and Realities of Islam 5785:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 4028: 3875:With regard to clarity, Imam 3635:Abu Muhammad al-Ramahurmuzi's 2170: 2147:who said that Muhammad said: 1633: 10158:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 9239:Sunan al-Kubra lil an-Nasa'i 8903:Apostasy in Islam by country 8780:Liberalism and progressivism 7529:, New York: Palgrave, 2008. 6792:Encyclopedia of Islam Online 6540:Mohammad A. Shomali (2003). 6351:. Naïm Vanthieghem. Leiden. 6094:(1964), supra note 5, at 47 5891:"Religions. Sunni and Shi'a" 4988:Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). 4958:(in Urdu). Lahore: Al-Mawrid 4799:. Rowman & Littlefield. 4674:. Thmpson Gale. p. 285. 4351: 3835: 3754:making sense, being logical; 3429:six major hadith collections 2367:History, tradition and usage 1645:Classical hadith specialist 1583: 7: 10188:Everybody Draw Mohammed Day 9859:The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays 9303:Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih 6528:Introduction to Shi'i Islam 5755:Graham, William A. (1977). 4298:, pg 36, footnote. Beirut: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4238: 4187: 4174: 4155: 4060: 4048: 3951: 3748:contradiction of the Quran; 3413:s composition, such as the 2879:("Stories of the Prophets") 2326:as their hadith collection. 2128:(sound hadith), but may be 2030: 2020: 2010: 2000: 1994: 1986: 1980: 1952: 1944: 1928: 1920: 1895: 1887: 1872: 1864: 1834: 1817: 1811: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1737: 1711: 1693: 1684: 1670: 1611: 1590: 1575: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1483: 1459: 1451: 1443: 1424: 1372: 1354: 1190:Hadith of the pen and paper 735:The Book of Sulaym ibn Qays 490:Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih 10: 11239: 10651:Muhammad: The Final Legacy 10580:Muhammad: The Last Prophet 10058:Ekhtiyar Ma'refat Al-Rijal 9922:Al-Amali (of Shaykh Mufid) 9915:Al-Amali (of Shaykh Saduq) 9707:Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal 9253:Sunan al-Kubra lil Bayhaqi 8830: 7113:Journal of Islamic Studies 6875:Dr Rashad Khalifa (2001), 6864:(in German). 6 March 2006. 6773:Robinson (2003) pp. 69–70; 6230:. SUNY Press. p. 127. 5942:Guillaume, Alfred (1954). 5878:Ilm al-Rijal wa Ahimiyatih 4497:Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi 3998:List of hadith collections 3845: 3839: 3765: 3696:, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's 3693:Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal 3661: 3585: 3582:Studies and authentication 3512:Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith 2371: 1748: 25: 18: 11114: 11057: 11000: 10859: 10774: 10742: 10688: 10645: 10638: 10556: 10455: 10316: 10270: 10218: 10178: 10171: 10118: 10047: 9960:Secondary books of Hadith 9959: 9801: 9778:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih 9760: 9686:Kitab at-Tabaqat al-Kabir 9668: 9645:Tawil Mukhtalif al-Hadith 9628: 9575: 9538: 9450: 9344: 9312: 9294: 9262: 9223: 9177: 9154:Sunan an-Nasa'i al-Sughra 9122: 9115: 9041: 8926: 8893: 8843: 8839: 8825: 8752: 8719: 8691:Geography and cartography 8666: 8613: 8609: 8593: 8419: 8341: 8288: 8237: 8233: 8209: 8079: 7961: 7921: 7804: 7756: 7680: 7676: 7665: 7553: 7513:. University of Chicago. 7076:Brown, Daniel W. (1996). 7010:10.1002/9781118638477.ch4 6817:. 89 (1999) (89): 75–90. 6513:Muhammad Zubayr Siddiqi, 6490:William McGuckin de Slane 6345:Tillier, Mathieu (2022). 6253:www.islamic-awareness.org 6226:Goldziher, Ignác (1967). 6181:www.islamic-awareness.org 5989:Brown, Daniel W. (1996). 5650:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 5608:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 5578:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 5527:Haddad, GF; Hajj Gibril. 5496:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 5264:The Quran and Its Message 5243:Schacht, Joseph (1959) . 5088:10.1002/9781118638477.ch2 4685:Al-Bukhari, Imam (2003). 4404:Dictionary.com Unabridged 4372:Oxford English Dictionary 3916:and the American-Turkish 3912:(Code 19), the Malaysian 3680:‘ilm al-jarḥ wa al-taʻdīl 3449:Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih 2352: 2305:Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih 2042: 1978:by Abd al-Hadi al-Fadli, 1493:and Muhammad's daughter, 684: 679: 634:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih 602: 454:Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn 257: 252: 149: 11073:Luther's Large Catechism 10915:(Judaism, Christianity) 10543:The Truth About Muhammad 9374:Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh 9335:Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 9000:Islamic view of miracles 7575:22 December 2022 at the 7319:Robinson, C. F. (2003). 7304:Gardens of the Righteous 6939:Schacht, Joseph (1950). 6502:Royal Library of Belgium 6201:Martin, Matthew (2013). 6104:Forte, David F. (1978). 5787:. Altamira. p. 159. 5665:Zurqani (d.1122 (1310). 5310:Pierce, Matthew (2016). 5076:"Western Hadith Studies" 5044:10.1163/156851910x517056 5026:Brown, Jonathan (2011). 4825:Deen, Sayyed M. (2007). 4617:Forte, David F. (1978). 4549:Encyclopaedia Britannica 4033: 3935:), and that scrutiny of 3646:Ma‘rifat ‘ulum al-hadith 2968:Medieval Islamic science 2330: 2229: 2094: 1662:companion of the prophet 859:- Books also revered by 499:Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya 445:Musnad Ishaq ibn Rahwayh 346:Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 26:Not to be confused with 10665:Islam: The Untold Story 10049:Biographical evaluation 9838:Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah 9817:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya 9670:Biographical evaluation 9381:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 8765:Creationism (evolution) 7365:Senturk, Recep (2005). 6878:Quran, Hadith and Islam 6665:Lewis, Bernard (2011). 6426:Muqaddimah Ibn al-Salah 5914:^ Tirmidhi, "‘Ilm," 12. 5783:Glasse, Cyril (2001) . 5290:ABC Religion and Ethics 5141:, p. 61; Dar al-Nafais. 5032:Islamic Law and Society 4852:Lewis, Bernard (1993). 4670:Motzki, Harald (2004). 4446:Azami, Muhammad Mustafa 4377:Oxford University Press 3688:Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi 3668:Biographical analysis ( 3664:Biographical evaluation 3658:Biographical evaluation 3566:Muhammedanische Studien 2596:In 851 the rationalist 2283: 1404:) is a form of Islamic 999:After Conquest of Mecca 771:Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah 744:Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya 382:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 103:Biographical evaluation 21:Hadith (disambiguation) 10993:(Eastern Christianity) 10594:Islam: Empire of Faith 9901:Al Saqib Fi al-Manâqib 9866:al-Ghayba (al-Nu'mani) 9328:Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq 9015:Persecution of Muslims 8913:List of former Muslims 7830:Succession to Muhammad 7619:Encyclopedia Americana 7345:Encyclopaedia of Islam 7321:Islamic Historiography 7170:(Foundations of Islam) 6228:Muslim Studies, Vol. 1 5697:Introduction to Hadith 5626:Introduction to Hadith 5410:: chapters 127,128,310 4780:, Chapter 7, pp. 85-89 4715:Introduction to Hadith 4244:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 3529: 3519: 2978:Succession to Muhammad 2153: 1976:Introduction to Hadith 1964: 1913:companions of Muhammad 1725: 1509: 1185:Companions of Muhammad 1023:Milestones and records 553:Sunan Sa'id ibn Mansur 517:Sunan al-Wusta Bayhaqi 508:Sunan al-Kubra Bayhaqi 337:Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq 11092:Book of Common Prayer 10371:Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya 10349:Shama'il Muhammadiyah 9845:Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha 9508:At-Targhib wat-Tarhib 9451:Secondary collections 9278:Shama'il Muhammadiyah 8809:Conversion to mosques 8676:Alchemy and chemistry 7466:. London and Boston: 7203:Oneworld Publications 7175:Oneworld Publications 7105:Brown, Jonathan A. C. 5595:Kitab al-Umm vol. vii 5513:Kitab al-Umm vol. vii 5313:Twelve Infallible Men 4994:Encyclopedia of Islam 4195:Arabic pronunciation: 4161:Arabic pronunciation: 3946:Muhammad Mustafa Azmi 3712:Scale of transmission 3642:al-Hakim al-Naysaburi 3638:al-Muhaddith al-Fasil 3586:Further information: 3524: 3510: 2515:, the rulings of the 2149: 1960: 1720: 1647:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 1503: 1085:Splitting of the Moon 789:Uyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha 544:Sunan Nasa'i al-Kubra 11085:Heidelberg Catechism 10715:Cartoon Wars Part II 10658:The Life of Muhammad 10601:Innocence of Muslims 10399:Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum 10363:Al-Sira Al-Nabawiyya 10287:2020 stabbing attack 10252:Akkari-Laban dossier 9887:Khasais of Al Aemmah 9353:Musnad Imam ul A’zam 8535:Ma malakat aymanukum 8110:Association football 7193:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 7164:Brown, Jonathan A.C. 6396:Le Djâmiʻ dʹIbn Wahb 3958:Categories of Hadith 3465:Shaykh Muhammad Tusi 3017:Association football 2513:Prophet's Companions 2400:improve this article 2089:Jonathan A. C. Brown 1904:Non-prophetic hadith 1827:following generation 1751:Categories of Hadith 1623:[ʔæħæːˈdiːθ] 1588:In Arabic, the noun 1297:Biography portal 708:Mustadrak al-wasa'il 19:For other uses, see 11213:Islamic terminology 11188:(Roman Catholicism) 11144:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 11107:(Roman Catholicism) 11101:(Roman Catholicism) 11079:Augsburg Confession 11050:(Roman Catholicism) 11038:(Roman Catholicism) 10961:Nag Hammadi library 10871:(Egyptian religion) 10708:Cartoon Wars Part I 10529:The Jewel of Medina 10378:Al-Khasais-ul-Kubra 10183:Lars Vilks drawings 9873:al-Ghayba (al-Tusi) 9831:Sahifah of al-Ridha 9560:Maudhu (fabricated) 9437:Al-Mu'jam as-Saghir 9193:Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 9116:Primary collections 6914:Ḥadīth as scripture 6845:Criticism of hadith 5742:Misquoting Muhammad 5422:Misquoting Muhammad 5358:Misquoting Muhammad 4744:Misquoting Muhammad 4691:. Rowman Altamira. 4656:Misquoting Muhammad 4375:(Online ed.). 4302:: 2nd ed 1426/2005. 4199:[ʔaħaːdiːθ] 4008:Prophetic biography 3963:Criticism of hadith 3842:Criticism of Hadith 3779:(sound, authentic), 3706:Tadhkirat al-huffaz 3547:Western scholarship 3493:Jabir ibn Abd Allah 3453:Muhammad ibn Babuya 2778:Profession of Faith 2751:Day of Resurrection 2322:shia sects use the 2118:direct words of God 1729:Khaled Abou El Fadl 1241:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 1006:Farewell Pilgrimage 762:Sahifah of al-Ridha 481:Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 11151:Liber AL vel Legis 10975:(Greek polytheism) 10957:(Roman polytheism) 10701:Super Best Friends 10441:Muhammad at Medina 10194:The Satanic Verses 10131:Aniconism in Islam 9908:Basa'ir ad-Darajat 9679:al-Tarikh al-Kabir 9515:Al-Jami' as-Saghir 9473:Mishkat al-Masabih 9430:Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat 9423:Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir 9360:Musnad al-Tayalisi 9246:Sunan al-Daraqutni 9020:Quran and miracles 8934:Criticism of Islam 8648:Geometric patterns 8500:Gender segregation 8071:Non-denominational 7509:Lucas, S. (2002). 7407:on 10 October 2017 7277:Lucas, S. (2004). 7125:10.1093/jis/15.1.1 6776:Lucas (2004) p. 15 6743:on 1 November 2019 6637:Ibn Hajar, Ahmad. 6498:Institut de France 6444:, vol. 2, p. 240. 6412:, introduction to 5394:: chapters 117-122 5286:"What is Shari'a?" 5221:. 12 November 2013 4950:Islahi, Amin Ahsan 4856:Islam and the West 4319:, p. 489, Lahore: 4315:, introduction to 3978:Islamic honorifics 3973:Hadith terminology 3768:Hadith terminology 3698:Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb 3520: 2491:Rashidun Caliphate 2277:Muwatta Imam Malik 2259:Al-Sunan al-Sughra 1971:Muwatta Imam Malik 1854:Rashidun Caliphate 1843:Hadith compilation 1741:, but not hadith. 1735:being part of the 1510: 1143:Medieval Christian 641:من لا يحضره الفقيه 610:("The Four Books") 605:Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah 580:Targhib wal Tarhib 526:Sunan al-Daraqutni 463:Muwatta Imam Malik 427:Musnad al-Tayalisi 11195: 11194: 11173:The Satanic Bible 11067:Guru Granth Sahib 10814: 10813: 10738: 10737: 10552: 10551: 10434:Muhammad at Mecca 10342:Sirah Rasul Allah 10312: 10311: 10126:Muhammad in Islam 10074: 10073: 9950:Tafsir Furat Kufi 9716: 9715: 9652:Mawdu'at al-Kubra 9522:Al-Jami' al-Kabir 9466:Musnad al-Firdous 9459:Masabih al-Sunnah 9446: 9445: 9367:Musnad al-Shafi'i 9321:Kitaab-ul-Aathaar 9271:Al-Adab al-Mufrad 9214:Sahih Abi Awaanah 9200:Sahih Ibn Hibbaan 9147:Sahih al-Tirmidhi 9071: 9070: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9005:Domestic violence 8995:Islamic terrorism 8990:Islamic extremism 8821: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8589: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8375:Marriage contract 8205: 8204: 8165:Political aspects 7952:Story of Prophets 7721:Prophets of Islam 7455:978-1-4700-2994-4 7299:Riyadh as-Salihin 7057:Berg, H. (2000). 7019:978-1-118-63851-4 6725:Shafi, Mohammad. 6587:978-0-9890016-2-5 6515:Hadith Literature 6358:978-90-04-52180-3 6331:978-3-447-01469-4 6304:978-3-447-02578-2 5763:Walter de Gruyter 5545:Ignaz Goldziher, 5406:Riyadh As-Salihin 5390:Riyadh As-Salihin 5374:Riyadh As-Salihin 5258:Islam, Joseph A. 5174:978-1-902350-04-2 5139:Qawaid al-Tahdith 5097:978-1-118-63851-4 4806:978-0-7618-7017-3 4603:Riyadh As-Salihin 4587:Riyadh As-Salihin 4571:Riyadh As-Salihin 4508:. Enlight Press. 4502:The Laws of Islam 4499:(26 March 2016). 4461:978-0-89259-011-7 4383:(Subscription or 4153: 3895:modernist Muslims 3648:. Ibn al-Salah's 3537:science of hadith 3489:Muhammad al-Baqir 3388:six pivotal works 3338: 3337: 2671:Wahb ibn Munabbih 2669:), attributed to 2656:science of hadith 2602:Abbasid Caliphate 2476: 2475: 2468: 2450: 2255:Jami' al-Tirmidhi 2143:is the hadith of 1682:Distinction from 1606:[ħæˈdiːθ] 1352: 1333: 1332: 951: 950: 870: 869: 864: 863: 823: 822: 675: 674: 585: 584: 418:Musnad al-Firdous 400:Musnad al-Shafi'i 364:Musnad Abu Hanifa 355:Musnad Abu Awanah 265:Al-Adab al-Mufrad 248: 247: 208:Sunan al-Tirmidhi 157:("The Six Books") 11230: 11218:Islamic theology 11048:Summa Theologica 11036:Ambrosian Hymnal 10841: 10834: 10827: 10818: 10817: 10806:Islam portal 10804: 10803: 10802: 10792: 10791: 10782: 10781: 10643: 10642: 10321: 10320: 10176: 10175: 10101: 10094: 10087: 10078: 10077: 10031:Mafatih al-Janan 9982:Wasā'il al-Shīʿa 9894:Kamil al-Ziyarat 9852:Da'a'im al-Islam 9824:Risalah al-Huquq 9785:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 9743: 9736: 9729: 9720: 9719: 9529:Al-Jami al-Kamil 9487:Majma al-Zawa'id 9480:Riyad as-Salihin 9409:Musnad Abu Ya'la 9402:Musnad al-Bazzar 9395:Tahdhib al-Athar 9161:Sunan Abu Dawood 9133:Sahih al-Bukhari 9120: 9119: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9075: 9074: 9061: 9060: 9053:Islam portal 9051: 9050: 9049: 8841: 8840: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8668:Medieval science 8611: 8610: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8252:Economic history 8235: 8234: 8211: 8210: 8197:Islam by country 8030:Bektashi Alevism 7678: 7677: 7669:Outline of Islam 7651: 7644: 7637: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7615: 7607: 7599: 7522: 7505: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7403:. Archived from 7380: 7358: 7334: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7292: 7273: 7264: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7188: 7159: 7157: 7155: 7140: 7128: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7072: 7045: 7044: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7026: 6993: 6984: 6983: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6936: 6930: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6854: 6848: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6810: 6804: 6785: 6779: 6768: 6762: 6761:Berg (2000) p. 8 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6742: 6736:. Archived from 6731: 6722: 6703: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6662: 6651: 6648: 6642: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6573: 6556: 6555: 6537: 6531: 6524: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6483: 6477: 6474:Brill Publishers 6464:Scott C. Lucas, 6462: 6456: 6435: 6429: 6423: 6417: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6378: 6370: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6321:Wahb b. Munabbih 6315: 6309: 6308: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6245: 6239: 6231: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6173: 6167: 6160: 6154: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6110: 6101: 6095: 6088: 6082: 6073:Joseph Schacht, 6071: 6065: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5977: 5971: 5961: 5955: 5947: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5915: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5838: 5832: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5780: 5774: 5753: 5747: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5678: 5670: 5662: 5656: 5655: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5559: 5550: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5433: 5427: 5417: 5411: 5401: 5395: 5385: 5379: 5369: 5363: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5071: 5056: 5055: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5007: 4985: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4878: 4859: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4822: 4811: 4810: 4790: 4781: 4770: 4761: 4758: 4749: 4739: 4730: 4729: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4667: 4661: 4651: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4623: 4614: 4608: 4598: 4592: 4582: 4576: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4525:on 2 August 2019 4524: 4518:. Archived from 4507: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4380: 4368: 4361: 4345: 4330: 4324: 4309: 4303: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4271: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4241: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4167: 4165:[ħadiːθ] 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4013:Sacred tradition 3482:Hassan al-Askari 3384:Ibn al-Qaisarani 3330: 3323: 3316: 3302:Islam portal 3300: 3299: 3298: 2708: 2685: 2684: 2667:History of David 2637: 2628: 2580: 2571: 2487:khalifa (caliph) 2483:Uthman ibn Affan 2471: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2449: 2408: 2384: 2376: 2342:Tartib al-Musnad 2324:Da'a'im al-Islam 2309:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 2251:Sunan Abu Dawood 2243:Sahih al-Bukhari 2210: 2139:An example of a 2055:Tafsir Ibn Abbas 2033: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1983: 1957: 1949: 1938:—founder of the 1933: 1925: 1898: 1892: 1877: 1869: 1837: 1820: 1814: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1774: 1766: 1760: 1740: 1714: 1701:Muslim community 1698: 1687: 1678:of Shi'a Islam. 1673: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1578: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1504:A manuscript of 1491:The Twelve Imams 1488: 1464: 1457:, ablutions for 1456: 1448: 1427: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1285:Islam portal 1283: 1282: 1281: 1265:History of Islam 1070:First revelation 953: 952: 943: 936: 929: 913:Islam portal 911: 910: 909: 895:Sheikh al-Hadith 858: 857: 845:Tartib al-Musnad 780:Da'a'im al-Islam 753:Risalah al-Huquq 677: 676: 671: 670: 657: 656: 649:Tahdhib al-Ahkam 643: 642: 627: 626: 612: 611: 600: 599: 571:Tahdhib al-Athar 472:Sahih Ibn Hibban 391:Musnad_al-Bazzar 373:Musnad Abu Ya'la 328:Mu'jam al-Saghir 319:Mu'jam al-Kabeer 301:Majma al-Zawa'id 274:Al-Jami al-Kamil 250: 249: 244: 243: 230: 229: 216: 215: 202: 201: 188: 187: 174: 173: 166:Sahih al-Bukhari 159: 158: 147: 146: 136: 135: 98: 58: 35: 34: 11238: 11237: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11229: 11228: 11227: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11168:(Scientologist) 11158:Book of Shadows 11110: 11105:Roman Catechism 11087:(Protestantism) 11081:(Protestantism) 11053: 10996: 10925:Samaritan Torah 10855: 10848:Religious texts 10845: 10815: 10810: 10800: 10798: 10770: 10758:Muslim Massacre 10734: 10684: 10634: 10560: 10548: 10451: 10329: 10326: 10308: 10303:Je suis Charlie 10266: 10223: 10221:Jyllands-Posten 10214: 10167: 10114: 10105: 10075: 10070: 10043: 10038:Muntahi al-Amal 10003:Ghurar al-Hikam 9955: 9936:Tafsir Al-Qummi 9810:Nahj al-Balagha 9797: 9762:Kutub Al-Arb'ah 9756: 9747: 9717: 9712: 9693:Mizan al-Itidal 9664: 9637: 9624: 9571: 9534: 9494:Bulugh al-Maram 9442: 9416:Musnad al-Siraj 9340: 9308: 9290: 9258: 9232:Sunan al-Darimi 9219: 9173: 9168:Sunan ibn Majah 9124:Kutub al-Sittah 9111: 9102: 9072: 9067: 9047: 9045: 9029: 8951:Cultural Muslim 8922: 8889: 8845:Other religions 8835: 8831: 8813: 8748: 8715: 8662: 8605: 8603:Islamic studies 8599: 8581: 8415: 8360: 8337: 8284: 8229: 8228: 8201: 8150:Moral teachings 8093: 8075: 8049:Nation of Islam 8010:Twelver Shi'ism 7957: 7923:Religious texts 7917: 7835:Early conquests 7818: 7800: 7752: 7672: 7661: 7655: 7610: 7594: 7585: 7577:Wayback Machine 7556: 7486: 7470:. p. 839. 7423: 7421:Further reading 7410: 7408: 7401: 7377: 7331: 7309: 7307: 7289: 7237:10.2307/1596086 7229:Studia Islamica 7217: 7215: 7213: 7185: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7138: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7069: 7053: 7048: 7037: 7033: 7024: 7022: 7020: 6994: 6987: 6960:History Compass 6952: 6948: 6937: 6933: 6924: 6920: 6911: 6907: 6902:. 8 April 2016. 6898: 6897: 6893: 6884: 6882: 6873: 6869: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6842: 6838: 6823:10.2307/1596086 6815:Studia Islamica 6811: 6807: 6786: 6782: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6729: 6723: 6706: 6697: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6663: 6654: 6649: 6645: 6636: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6574: 6559: 6552: 6538: 6534: 6526:Momen, Moojan, 6525: 6521: 6512: 6508: 6504:. Vol. 3, p. 5. 6484: 6480: 6463: 6459: 6438:Ignác Goldziher 6436: 6432: 6424: 6420: 6407: 6403: 6392: 6388: 6372: 6371: 6359: 6343: 6339: 6332: 6316: 6312: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6271: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6157: 6145: 6141: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6089: 6085: 6072: 6068: 6056: 6052: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5978: 5974: 5962: 5958: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5839: 5835: 5814: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5781: 5777: 5754: 5750: 5738: 5734: 5719: 5715: 5708: 5692: 5688: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5659: 5648: 5644: 5637: 5621: 5617: 5606: 5602: 5591: 5587: 5576: 5572: 5560: 5553: 5544: 5540: 5524: 5520: 5509: 5505: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5446: 5444: 5434: 5430: 5418: 5414: 5402: 5398: 5386: 5382: 5370: 5366: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5256: 5252: 5241: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5213: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5145: 5133: 5129: 5118:"Mawrid Reader" 5116: 5115: 5111: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5072: 5059: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5011: 5004: 4986: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4850: 4846: 4839: 4823: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4784: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4683: 4679: 4668: 4664: 4652: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4621: 4615: 4611: 4599: 4595: 4583: 4579: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4505: 4494: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4331: 4327: 4310: 4306: 4293: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4194: 4160: 4115: 4111: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4062: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4031: 3983:Kutub al-Sittah 3954: 3925:hadith sciences 3850: 3844: 3838: 3770: 3764: 3738: 3714: 3666: 3660: 3651:ʻUlum al-hadith 3606:hadith sciences 3594: 3592:Hadith sciences 3584: 3561:Ignaz Goldziher 3549: 3518:in Cairo, Egypt 3505: 3497:Ja'far al-Sadiq 3425: 3366: 3334: 3296: 3294: 3287: 3286: 3231:Other religions 3226:Arabic language 3188: 3178: 3177: 3106:Moral teachings 2997: 2983: 2982: 2973:Spread of Islam 2918: 2908: 2907: 2895:(jurisprudence) 2877:Qisas al-Anbiya 2826: 2825: 2805: 2804: 2773: 2763: 2762: 2718: 2683: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2573: 2572: 2509:Ignaz Goldziher 2472: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2385: 2374: 2369: 2355: 2333: 2286: 2263:Sunan ibn Majah 2232: 2217: 2208: 2199:along with the 2173: 2097: 2045: 2040: 2014:, and those of 1906: 1845: 1753: 1747: 1689: 1636: 1601: 1586: 1558:("authentic"), 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1329: 1291: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1270: 1269: 1236: 1228: 1227: 1208: 1200: 1199: 1170: 1160: 1159: 1121: 1113: 1112: 1098: 1090: 1089: 1078:Isra and Mi'raj 1061: 1051: 1050: 1036: 1028: 1027: 1010:Farewell Sermon 977: 947: 907: 905: 900: 899: 880: 872: 871: 850: 849: 835: 825: 824: 726:Nahj al-Balagha 699:Wasa'il al-Shia 682: 636: 613: 609: 608: 607: 597: 587: 586: 535:Sunan al-Darimi 409:Musnad al-Siraj 310:Mu'jam al-Awsat 255: 236:Sunan ibn Majah 222:Sunan al-Nasa'i 194:Sunan Abi Dawud 160: 156: 155: 154: 152:Kutub Al-Sittah 144: 133: 123: 122: 96: 73:Hadith sciences 68: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11236: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11193: 11192: 11190: 11189: 11183: 11177: 11169: 11161: 11155: 11147: 11141: 11133: 11127: 11124:Book of Mormon 11120: 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11108: 11102: 11096: 11088: 11082: 11076: 11070: 11063: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11033: 11027: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11006: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10994: 10991:Divine Liturgy 10988: 10987:(Neoplatonism) 10982: 10976: 10970: 10964: 10958: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10942: 10941:(Christianity) 10936: 10935: 10934: 10928: 10927:(Samaritanism) 10910: 10904: 10890: 10884: 10878: 10872: 10865: 10863: 10857: 10856: 10844: 10843: 10836: 10829: 10821: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10796: 10786: 10775: 10772: 10771: 10769: 10768: 10761: 10754: 10746: 10744: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10732: 10725: 10718: 10711: 10704: 10696: 10694: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10682: 10675: 10668: 10661: 10654: 10646: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10632: 10625: 10618: 10611: 10604: 10597: 10590: 10583: 10576: 10568: 10566: 10554: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10539: 10532: 10525: 10518: 10511: 10504: 10497: 10490: 10483: 10476: 10469: 10464: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10437: 10430: 10423: 10416: 10409: 10402: 10395: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10367: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10337: 10335: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10299: 10297:Issue No. 1178 10294: 10292:Issue No. 1011 10289: 10284: 10278: 10276: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10228: 10226: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10212: 10203: 10198: 10190: 10185: 10179: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10133: 10128: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10104: 10103: 10096: 10089: 10081: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10068: 10065:Qamus al-Rijal 10061: 10053: 10051: 10045: 10044: 10042: 10041: 10034: 10027: 10020: 10013: 10010:Haqq al-Yaqeen 10006: 9999: 9992: 9989:Nahj-al feṣāḥa 9985: 9978: 9975:Bihar al-Anwar 9971: 9963: 9961: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9953: 9946: 9943:Tafsir Ayyashi 9939: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9813: 9805: 9803: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9774: 9766: 9764: 9758: 9757: 9746: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9723: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9703: 9700:Lisan al-Mizan 9696: 9689: 9682: 9674: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9662: 9655: 9648: 9640: 9638: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9615: 9612:Sharah Arbaeen 9608: 9601: 9598:Irshad al-Sari 9594: 9587: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9562: 9557: 9550: 9542: 9540: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9532: 9525: 9518: 9511: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9462: 9454: 9452: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9419: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9388:Musnad Humaidi 9384: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9356: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9331: 9324: 9316: 9314: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9306: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9281: 9274: 9266: 9264: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9217: 9210: 9203: 9196: 9189: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9157: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9128: 9126: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9101: 9100: 9093: 9086: 9078: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9065: 9055: 9042: 9039: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8953: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8930: 8928: 8927:Related topics 8924: 8923: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8899: 8897: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8849: 8847: 8837: 8836: 8823: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8725: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8672: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8607: 8606: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8560: 8558:Sources of law 8555: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8538: 8531: 8526: 8519: 8514: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8465: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8436: 8431: 8423: 8421: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8406: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8371: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8335: 8328: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8294: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8275: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8249: 8243: 8241: 8231: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8215: 8207: 8206: 8203: 8202: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8182:Social welfare 8179: 8174: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7967: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7927: 7925: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7866: 7861: 7854: 7847: 7845:Historiography 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7791: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7762: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7706: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7686: 7684: 7674: 7673: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7654: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7608: 7597:"Hadith" 7592: 7584: 7583:External links 7581: 7580: 7579: 7567: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7540:Fred M. Donner 7537: 7523: 7506: 7485:978-9004156746 7484: 7457: 7444: 7437: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7399: 7381: 7375: 7362: 7359: 7335: 7329: 7316: 7293: 7287: 7274: 7265: 7224: 7212:978-1780744209 7211: 7189: 7184:978-1851686636 7183: 7160: 7147: 7129: 7101: 7088: 7073: 7067: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7031: 7018: 6985: 6966:(2): 581–602. 6946: 6931: 6918: 6916:. 2008, S. 85. 6905: 6891: 6867: 6849: 6836: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6763: 6754: 6704: 6691: 6677: 6652: 6643: 6630: 6626:Ulum al-Hadith 6618: 6593: 6586: 6557: 6550: 6532: 6519: 6506: 6478: 6457: 6442:Muslim Studies 6430: 6418: 6401: 6386: 6357: 6337: 6330: 6310: 6303: 6283: 6274: 6265: 6240: 6218: 6193: 6168: 6155: 6139: 6130: 6096: 6083: 6066: 6050: 6037:10.1086/373461 6015: 6002:978-0521570770 6001: 5972: 5956: 5934: 5925: 5916: 5907: 5882: 5870: 5866:Tadrib al-Rawi 5858: 5851: 5833: 5808: 5790: 5775: 5748: 5740:J.A.C. Brown, 5732: 5713: 5706: 5686: 5657: 5642: 5635: 5615: 5600: 5585: 5570: 5551: 5538: 5518: 5515:. p. 248. 5503: 5488: 5474: 5454: 5442:ahl ul hadeeth 5428: 5420:J.A.C. Brown, 5412: 5396: 5380: 5364: 5356:J.A.C. Brown, 5348: 5336: 5322: 5302: 5276: 5250: 5232: 5206: 5194:Open Democracy 5180: 5173: 5155: 5143: 5127: 5109: 5096: 5057: 5018: 5009: 5002: 4969: 4941: 4939:, p. 6-7. 4929: 4912: 4887: 4870: 4844: 4837: 4812: 4805: 4782: 4778:978-0878402243 4762: 4750: 4742:J.A.C. Brown, 4731: 4724: 4704: 4697: 4677: 4662: 4654:J.A.C. Brown, 4643: 4609: 4593: 4577: 4561: 4536: 4515:978-0994240989 4514: 4488: 4474: 4460: 4437: 4418: 4390: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4325: 4304: 4287: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4229: 4075: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3988:List of fatwas 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3968:Hadith studies 3965: 3960: 3953: 3950: 3906:Rashad Khalifa 3884:Hadith studies 3840:Main article: 3837: 3834: 3822: 3821: 3813: 3805: 3789: 3788: 3780: 3766:Main article: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3744:examined for: 3737: 3736:Analyzing text 3734: 3713: 3710: 3662:Main article: 3659: 3656: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3614:ilm al dirayah 3588:Hadith studies 3583: 3580: 3575:Joseph Schacht 3571:Muslim Studies 3553:Aloys Sprenger 3548: 3545: 3514:taught in the 3504: 3501: 3433:The Four Books 3424: 3421: 3379:hadith experts 3365: 3362: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3260: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3186:Related topics 3184: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3168:Social welfare 3165: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2897: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2873: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2835: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2758:Predestination 2754: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739:Revealed Books 2736: 2730: 2729: 2719: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2682: 2679: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2615:Malik ibn Anas 2585: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2566: 2565: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2505:Joseph Schacht 2474: 2473: 2388: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2316: 2296:the Four Books 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2265:. However the 2231: 2228: 2216: 2213: 2172: 2169: 2124:need not be a 2099:Hadith may be 2096: 2093: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 1995:"Marfu hadith" 1909:Joseph Schacht 1905: 1902: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1830: 1804: 1803: 1746: 1743: 1727:Some sources ( 1707:Joseph Schacht 1688: 1680: 1658:Patricia Crone 1635: 1632: 1585: 1582: 1538:field of study 1519:pseudepigrapha 1406:oral tradition 1331: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1287: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1002: 1001: 995: 994: 989: 984: 978: 973: 972: 969: 968: 962: 961: 949: 948: 946: 945: 938: 931: 923: 920: 919: 902: 901: 898: 897: 892: 887: 881: 879:Related topics 878: 877: 874: 873: 868: 867: 866: 865: 852: 851: 848: 847: 842: 836: 831: 830: 827: 826: 821: 820: 818: 812: 811: 809: 803: 802: 800: 798:Haqq al-Yaqeen 794: 793: 791: 785: 784: 782: 776: 775: 773: 767: 766: 764: 758: 757: 755: 749: 748: 746: 740: 739: 737: 731: 730: 728: 722: 721: 719: 717:Bihar al-Anwar 713: 712: 710: 704: 703: 701: 695: 694: 692: 686: 685: 683: 680: 673: 672: 665: 659: 658: 651: 645: 644: 637: 632: 629: 628: 621: 615: 614: 603: 598: 593: 592: 589: 588: 583: 582: 577: 574: 573: 568: 565: 564: 562:Shu'ab al-Iman 559: 556: 555: 550: 547: 546: 541: 538: 537: 532: 529: 528: 523: 520: 519: 514: 511: 510: 505: 502: 501: 496: 493: 492: 487: 484: 483: 478: 475: 474: 469: 466: 465: 460: 457: 456: 451: 448: 447: 442: 439: 438: 436:Musnad Humaidi 433: 430: 429: 424: 421: 420: 415: 412: 411: 406: 403: 402: 397: 394: 393: 388: 385: 384: 379: 376: 375: 370: 367: 366: 361: 358: 357: 352: 349: 348: 343: 340: 339: 334: 331: 330: 325: 322: 321: 316: 313: 312: 307: 304: 303: 298: 295: 294: 292:Kitab al-Athar 289: 286: 285: 280: 277: 276: 271: 268: 267: 262: 259: 258: 256: 253: 246: 245: 238: 232: 231: 224: 218: 217: 210: 204: 203: 196: 190: 189: 182: 176: 175: 168: 162: 161: 150: 145: 140: 139: 134: 129: 128: 125: 124: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 92: 91: 90: 85: 75: 69: 66:Hadith studies 64: 63: 60: 59: 51: 50: 44: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11235: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11187: 11184: 11181: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11162: 11159: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11142: 11139: 11138: 11137:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 11134: 11131: 11128: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11106: 11103: 11100: 11097: 11095:(Anglicanism) 11094: 11093: 11089: 11086: 11083: 11080: 11077: 11075:(Lutheranism) 11074: 11071: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11056: 11049: 11046: 11043: 11040: 11037: 11034: 11031: 11028: 11025: 11022: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10999: 10992: 10989: 10986: 10983: 10980: 10977: 10974: 10971: 10968: 10965: 10962: 10959: 10956: 10955: 10954:Metamorphoses 10951: 10948: 10947:Bhagavad Gita 10945: 10940: 10939:New Testament 10937: 10932: 10929: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10908: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10896: 10895: 10891: 10889:(Zoroastrian) 10888: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10876: 10873: 10870: 10869:Pyramid Texts 10867: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10853: 10849: 10842: 10837: 10835: 10830: 10828: 10823: 10822: 10819: 10807: 10797: 10795: 10787: 10785: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10765:Faith Fighter 10762: 10760: 10759: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10741: 10730: 10726: 10723: 10719: 10716: 10712: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10687: 10681: 10680: 10676: 10674: 10673: 10669: 10667: 10666: 10662: 10660: 10659: 10655: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10647: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10626: 10624: 10623: 10619: 10617: 10616: 10612: 10610: 10609: 10605: 10603: 10602: 10598: 10596: 10595: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10577: 10575: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10559: 10555: 10545: 10544: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10526: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10510: 10509: 10505: 10503: 10502: 10501:Rangila Rasul 10498: 10496: 10495: 10491: 10489: 10488: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10480:Izhar ul-Haqq 10477: 10475: 10474: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10462: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10431: 10429: 10428: 10424: 10422: 10421: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10403: 10401: 10400: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10375: 10373: 10372: 10368: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10358: 10357: 10356:Sirat-un-Nabi 10353: 10351: 10350: 10346: 10344: 10343: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10328: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10304: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10282:2015 shooting 10280: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10274: 10273:Charlie Hebdo 10269: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10209: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10195: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10172:Controversies 10170: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10142: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10102: 10097: 10095: 10090: 10088: 10083: 10082: 10079: 10067: 10066: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10021: 10019: 10018: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10007: 10005: 10004: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9993: 9991: 9990: 9986: 9984: 9983: 9979: 9977: 9976: 9972: 9970: 9969: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9952: 9951: 9947: 9945: 9944: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9933: 9931: 9930: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9896: 9895: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9880:Tuhaf al-Uqul 9877: 9875: 9874: 9870: 9868: 9867: 9863: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9849: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9833: 9832: 9828: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9789: 9787: 9786: 9782: 9780: 9779: 9775: 9773: 9772: 9771:Kitab al-Kafi 9768: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9759: 9754: 9751: 9744: 9739: 9737: 9732: 9730: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9697: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9681: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9667: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9632: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9591:Umdat al-Qari 9588: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9537: 9531: 9530: 9526: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9510: 9509: 9505: 9503: 9502: 9501:Kanz al-Ummal 9498: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9489: 9488: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9463: 9461: 9460: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9406: 9404: 9403: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9371: 9369: 9368: 9364: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9355: 9354: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9325: 9323: 9322: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9285:Shuab ul Iman 9282: 9280: 9279: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9158: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9144: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9121: 9118: 9114: 9109: 9106: 9099: 9094: 9092: 9087: 9085: 9080: 9079: 9076: 9064: 9056: 9054: 9044: 9043: 9040: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8979: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8966:Post-Islamism 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8925: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8863:Protestantism 8861: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8828: 8824: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8706:Ophthalmology 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8665: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8596: 8592: 8578: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8536: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8524: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8512: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8454:Death penalty 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8420:Other aspects 8418: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8405: 8404: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8393: 8391: 8390: 8386: 8384: 8383: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8224:Jurisprudence 8222: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8078: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7963:Denominations 7960: 7954: 7953: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7755: 7749: 7748:Holiest sites 7746: 7744: 7743:Judgement Day 7741: 7739: 7738: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7670: 7664: 7659: 7652: 7647: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7621: 7620: 7614: 7613:"Hadis" 7609: 7605: 7604: 7598: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7565: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7548: 7545: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535:0-230-60535-4 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7434:9780359672653 7431: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7406: 7402: 7400:9788185990736 7396: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7376:9780804752077 7372: 7368: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7340:C.E. Bosworth 7336: 7332: 7330:0-521-62936-5 7326: 7322: 7317: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7294: 7290: 7288:90-04-13319-4 7284: 7280: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7231:(89): 75–90. 7230: 7225: 7214: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7199: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7150: 7148:9789004158399 7144: 7137: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7080: 7074: 7070: 7068:0-7007-1224-0 7064: 7061:. Routledge. 7060: 7055: 7054: 7042: 7035: 7021: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6992: 6990: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6922: 6915: 6909: 6901: 6895: 6880: 6879: 6871: 6863: 6859: 6853: 6846: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6758: 6739: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6701: 6695: 6680: 6678:9780817912963 6674: 6670: 6669: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6647: 6640: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6589: 6583: 6579: 6578:Kitab al-Kafi 6572: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6553: 6551:9781904063117 6547: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6486:Ibn Khallikan 6482: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6454:0-202-30778-6 6451: 6448:, 1889-1890. 6447: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6427: 6422: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6397: 6390: 6382: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6341: 6333: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6314: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6287: 6278: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6234: 6229: 6222: 6206: 6205: 6197: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6165: 6159: 6152: 6150: 6143: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6087: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6063: 6061: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5969: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5938: 5929: 5920: 5911: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5879: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5854: 5852:9780991430864 5848: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5743: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5709: 5707:9781904063476 5703: 5699: 5698: 5690: 5682: 5676: 5668: 5661: 5653: 5646: 5638: 5636:9781904063476 5632: 5628: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5604: 5596: 5589: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5565: 5558: 5556: 5548: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5522: 5514: 5507: 5499: 5492: 5477: 5475:9781108225724 5471: 5467: 5466: 5458: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5407: 5400: 5393: 5391: 5384: 5378:: chapter 100 5377: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5340: 5325: 5323:9780674737075 5319: 5315: 5314: 5306: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5239: 5237: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5151:Lisan al-Arab 5147: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5013: 5005: 5003:9781438126968 4999: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4873: 4871:9780198023937 4867: 4863: 4858: 4857: 4848: 4840: 4838:9781847999429 4834: 4830: 4829: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4789: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4745: 4738: 4736: 4727: 4725:9781904063476 4721: 4717: 4716: 4708: 4700: 4698:9780759104174 4694: 4690: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4657: 4650: 4648: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4565: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4492: 4484: 4478: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4407:(Online). n.d 4406: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4360: 4356: 4343: 4342:Jami' al-Usul 4339: 4335: 4329: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4291: 4282: 4278: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4233: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4178: 4176: 4166: 4157: 4151: 4142: 4136: 4107: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4050: 4043: 4039: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3899:Islamic world 3896: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3812:(fabricated), 3811: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3676:Asma Al-Rijal 3673: 3672: 3671:‘ilm al-rijāl 3665: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3602:Bernard Lewis 3599: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3443:al-Razi (329 3442: 3438: 3437:Kitab al-Kafi 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3141:Proselytizing 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3049:Denominations 3047: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2917: 2912: 2911: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2808: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2657: 2646: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2606:Traditionists 2603: 2599: 2589: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2470: 2467: 2459: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: – 2416: 2412: 2411:Find sources: 2405: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301:Kitab al-Kafi 2298: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2287: 2278: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2238:the six books 2234: 2233: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2212: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2159:view and the 2158: 2152: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2111:hadith sharif 2108: 2104: 2103: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2035: 2032: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1947: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1923: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1765: 1759: 1752: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1686: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1613: 1607: 1592: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1564:("good"), or 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1376: 1375: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1341: 1337: 1326: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 979: 976: 971: 970: 967: 964: 963: 959: 955: 954: 944: 939: 937: 932: 930: 925: 924: 922: 921: 918: 914: 904: 903: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 885:Ahl al-Hadith 883: 882: 876: 875: 862: 856: 855: 854: 853: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 834: 829: 828: 819: 817: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 792: 790: 787: 786: 783: 781: 778: 777: 774: 772: 769: 768: 765: 763: 760: 759: 756: 754: 751: 750: 747: 745: 742: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 720: 718: 715: 714: 711: 709: 706: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 693: 691: 688: 687: 678: 666: 664: 661: 660: 655:تهذیب الاحکام 652: 650: 647: 646: 638: 635: 631: 630: 625:الكتاب الكافي 622: 620: 619:Kitab al-Kafi 617: 616: 606: 601: 596: 591: 590: 581: 578: 576: 575: 572: 569: 567: 566: 563: 560: 558: 557: 554: 551: 549: 548: 545: 542: 540: 539: 536: 533: 531: 530: 527: 524: 522: 521: 518: 515: 513: 512: 509: 506: 504: 503: 500: 497: 495: 494: 491: 488: 486: 485: 482: 479: 477: 476: 473: 470: 468: 467: 464: 461: 459: 458: 455: 452: 450: 449: 446: 443: 441: 440: 437: 434: 432: 431: 428: 425: 423: 422: 419: 416: 414: 413: 410: 407: 405: 404: 401: 398: 396: 395: 392: 389: 387: 386: 383: 380: 378: 377: 374: 371: 369: 368: 365: 362: 360: 359: 356: 353: 351: 350: 347: 344: 342: 341: 338: 335: 333: 332: 329: 326: 324: 323: 320: 317: 315: 314: 311: 308: 306: 305: 302: 299: 297: 296: 293: 290: 288: 287: 284: 283:Kanz al-Ummal 281: 279: 278: 275: 272: 270: 269: 266: 263: 261: 260: 251: 239: 237: 234: 233: 225: 223: 220: 219: 211: 209: 206: 205: 197: 195: 192: 191: 183: 181: 178: 177: 169: 167: 164: 163: 153: 148: 143: 138: 137: 132: 127: 126: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 93: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 67: 62: 61: 57: 53: 52: 49: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 29: 22: 11171: 11163: 11149: 11135: 11099:Roman Missal 11090: 11059:Early modern 11041: 11018:(Sanamahism) 10963:(Gnosticism) 10952: 10931:Deuterocanon 10898: 10894:Tao Te Ching 10892: 10763: 10756: 10750: 10689: 10677: 10670: 10663: 10656: 10649: 10627: 10620: 10613: 10606: 10599: 10592: 10585: 10578: 10571: 10541: 10534: 10527: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10472: 10459: 10439: 10432: 10426: 10418: 10411: 10404: 10397: 10392:Marzban-nama 10390: 10385:Siyer-i Nebi 10383: 10376: 10369: 10365:(Ibn Kathir) 10362: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10325:Biographies 10301: 10271: 10232:Descriptions 10220: 10207: 10193: 10135: 10063: 10056: 10036: 10029: 10022: 10017:Ain Al-Hayat 10015: 10008: 10001: 9994: 9987: 9980: 9973: 9966: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9808: 9790: 9783: 9776: 9769: 9752: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9617: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9584:Fath al-Bari 9582: 9576:Commentaries 9564: 9552: 9545: 9527: 9520: 9513: 9506: 9499: 9492: 9485: 9478: 9471: 9464: 9457: 9435: 9428: 9421: 9414: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9365: 9358: 9351: 9333: 9326: 9319: 9301: 9283: 9276: 9269: 9251: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9191: 9184: 9166: 9159: 9152: 9145: 9140:Sahih Muslim 9138: 9131: 9107: 8978:Islamophobia 8853:Christianity 8801: 8734:Contemporary 8628:Architecture 8567: 8533: 8521: 8509: 8467: 8460: 8426: 8408: 8403:Nikah mut'ah 8401: 8394: 8387: 8380: 8373: 8366: 8330: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8277: 8270: 8263: 8256: 8169: 7950: 7935: 7874: 7856: 7849: 7793: 7786: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7758:Five Pillars 7735: 7701: 7690:God in Islam 7667: 7617: 7601: 7563: 7560:Hadith Islam 7543: 7526: 7525:Musa, A. Y. 7510: 7462: 7446: 7409:. Retrieved 7405:the original 7389: 7366: 7343: 7320: 7308:. Retrieved 7303: 7298: 7278: 7269: 7228: 7216:. Retrieved 7197: 7171: 7167: 7152:. Retrieved 7134: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7093:. Retrieved 7078: 7058: 7051:Bibliography 7040: 7034: 7023:, retrieved 7001: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6940: 6934: 6926: 6921: 6913: 6908: 6894: 6883:, retrieved 6877: 6870: 6861: 6852: 6839: 6814: 6808: 6798: 6791: 6783: 6766: 6757: 6745:. Retrieved 6738:the original 6734:Dar al-Islam 6733: 6702:, 1966, p.80 6699: 6694: 6682:. Retrieved 6667: 6646: 6638: 6633: 6625: 6621: 6611:16 September 6609:. Retrieved 6605: 6596: 6577: 6541: 6535: 6527: 6522: 6514: 6509: 6481: 6465: 6460: 6441: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6414:Fath al-Bari 6413: 6410:Hady al-Sari 6409: 6404: 6395: 6389: 6347: 6340: 6320: 6313: 6293: 6286: 6277: 6268: 6256:. Retrieved 6252: 6243: 6227: 6221: 6209:. Retrieved 6203: 6196: 6184:. Retrieved 6180: 6171: 6163: 6158: 6148: 6142: 6133: 6121:. Retrieved 6116: 6112: 6099: 6091: 6090:J. SCHACHT, 6086: 6078: 6074: 6069: 6059: 6053: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6006:. Retrieved 5991: 5984: 5980: 5975: 5965: 5959: 5943: 5937: 5928: 5919: 5910: 5898:. Retrieved 5894: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5861: 5842: 5836: 5811: 5803:aslamna.info 5802: 5793: 5784: 5778: 5756: 5751: 5741: 5735: 5726: 5716: 5696: 5689: 5666: 5660: 5651: 5645: 5625: 5618: 5609: 5603: 5594: 5588: 5579: 5573: 5563: 5546: 5541: 5533:living islam 5532: 5521: 5512: 5506: 5497: 5491: 5479:. Retrieved 5464: 5457: 5445:. Retrieved 5441: 5431: 5421: 5415: 5405: 5399: 5389: 5383: 5373: 5367: 5357: 5351: 5339: 5327:. Retrieved 5312: 5305: 5293:. Retrieved 5289: 5279: 5267:. Retrieved 5263: 5253: 5244: 5223:. Retrieved 5218: 5209: 5197:. Retrieved 5193: 5183: 5165:Fath al-Bari 5164: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5121: 5112: 5101:, retrieved 5079: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5012: 4996:. Infobase. 4993: 4960:. Retrieved 4954: 4944: 4932: 4927:, p. 4. 4903:. Retrieved 4899: 4890: 4882: 4875:. Retrieved 4855: 4847: 4831:. 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Retrieved 4402: 4393: 4370: 4359: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4320: 4317:Fath al-Bari 4316: 4313:Hady al-Sari 4312: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4281: 4232: 4188: 4172: 4078: 4070: 4061: 4042: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3922: 3920:(Quranism). 3914:Kassim Ahmad 3903: 3888: 3881: 3877:Ali al-Ridha 3874: 3866:Mu'tazilites 3855: 3851: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3790: 3782: 3776: 3771: 3741: 3739: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3715: 3705: 3697: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3667: 3650: 3645: 3637: 3632: 3613: 3609: 3597: 3595: 3570: 3564: 3557:William Muir 3550: 3533:Ibn al-Salah 3530: 3525: 3521: 3503:Modern usage 3486: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3436: 3426: 3416:arbaʿīniyyāt 3415: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3392: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3348:rather than 3339: 3258:Islamophobia 3037:Demographics 3032:Circumcision 2948: 2941: 2934: 2900: 2892: 2876: 2868: 2860: 2849: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2830: 2674: 2666: 2663:Ḥadīth Dāwūd 2662: 2660: 2652: 2595: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2477: 2462: 2453: 2443: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2410: 2398:Please help 2393:verification 2390: 2294: 2270: 2247:Sahih Muslim 2236: 2221: 2220:companions ( 2218: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2154: 2150: 2145:Abu Hurairah 2141:hadith qudsi 2140: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2122:hadith qudsi 2121: 2115: 2110: 2102:hadith qudsi 2100: 2098: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2059: 2048: 2046: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1917: 1907: 1884: 1880: 1861: 1858: 1846: 1832:Conversely, 1805: 1754: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1705: 1690: 1666: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1627: 1587: 1572: 1535: 1527:Mu'tazilites 1511: 1506:Ibn Hanbal's 1422: 1373: 1359: 1335: 1334: 1180:Ghadir Khumm 1120:Perspectives 1017: 807:Ain Al-Hayat 242:سنن ابن ماجه 200:سنن أبي داود 180:Sahih Muslim 172:صحيح البخاري 118:Israʼiliyyat 97:(categories) 83:Sahih hadith 47: 32: 11154:(Thelemite) 11146:(Ahmadiyya) 11126:(Mormonism) 11012:(Hinduism) 10743:Video games 10587:The Message 10327:of Muhammad 10210:controversy 10196:controversy 10141:collections 9792:Al-Istibsar 9631:Terminology 9224:Other Sunan 9178:Other Sahih 8753:Other areas 8744:Theological 8739:Eschatology 8696:Mathematics 8633:Calligraphy 8563:Theological 8517:Inheritance 8434:Cleanliness 7864:Shi'a Imams 7858:Ahl al-Bayt 7502:archive.org 7385:Swarup, Ram 7119:(1): 1–37. 6698:Nasr, S.H. 6211:8 September 6162:N. Abbott, 5815:Related by 5481:26 February 5404:An-Nawawi, 5388:An-Nawawi, 5372:An-Nawawi, 5038:(1): 1–52. 4601:An-Nawawi, 4585:An-Nawawi, 4569:An-Nawawi, 4529:22 December 4467:16 December 4258:schools of 3918:Edip Yüksel 3610:ilm al jarh 3461:Al-Istibsar 3273:Laws of war 2936:Ahl al-Bayt 2821:Foundations 2485:(the third 2313:Al-Istibsar 2241:, of which 2223:Ahl al-Bayt 2018:are called 1988:Ahl al-Bayt 1485:Ahl al-Bayt 1471:Sunni Islam 1418:Islamic law 1248:Possessions 1195:Ahl al-Bayt 1150:Historicity 663:Al-Istibsar 228:سنن النسائي 214:سنن الترمذي 131:Collections 78:Terminology 11202:Categories 11180:Geniocracy 11176:(Satanist) 11132:(Tenrikyo) 10981:(Hinduism) 10979:Upanishads 10949:(Hinduism) 10921:(Judaism) 10909:(Buddhist) 10877:(Hinduism) 10691:South Park 10639:Television 10615:Fetih 1453 10153:Ibn Hisham 10108:Depictions 9996:Al-Ihtijaj 9755:literature 9186:Al-Muwatta 9110:literature 8908:Ex-Muslims 8803:Shu'ubiyya 8797:Psychology 8785:Literature 8775:Inventions 8721:Philosophy 8529:Leadership 8505:Honorifics 8160:Philosophy 8015:Isma'ilism 7980:Maturidism 7869:Caliphates 7840:Golden Age 7731:Revelation 7089:0521570778 6998:"Muhammad" 6797:"Hadith," 6790:"Hadith," 6747:26 October 6606:qurano.com 6468:, p. 106. 6367:1343008841 6237:0873952340 5979:Ibn Sa’d, 5953:0140135553 5817:al-Bukhari 5771:3110803593 5329:26 October 5135:al-Kuliyat 5122:ejtaal.net 4937:Brown 2009 4925:Brown 2009 4905:31 January 4900:qurano.com 4433:Brown 2009 4387:required.) 4029:References 4003:Oral Torah 3910:Quran code 3858:Kharijites 3846:See also: 3702:al-Dhahabi 3457:Al-Tahdhib 3401:, and the 3126:Philosophy 2863:(exegesis) 2800:Pilgrimage 2790:Almsgiving 2645:Ibn Hisham 2554:al-Shafi'i 2456:April 2011 2426:newspapers 2346:Jami Sahih 2171:Components 1942:school of 1936:Al-Shafi'i 1823:companions 1749:See also: 1733:companions 1671:Ahlul-Bayt 1634:Definition 1523:Kharijites 1515:Quran only 1479:Shia Islam 1475:companions 1414:Muhaddiths 1168:Succession 1108:Christians 1046:Diplomatic 840:Jami Sahih 11186:Catechism 11182:(Raelian) 11165:Dianetics 11130:Ofudesaki 10969:(Judaism) 10907:Tripiṭaka 10883:(Jainism) 10861:Antiquity 10148:Ibn Ishaq 10024:Al-Ghadir 9929:Al-Khisal 9025:Symbolism 8983:Incidents 8961:Criticism 8858:Mormonism 8760:Astrology 8686:Cosmology 8681:Astronomy 8623:Arabesque 8490:Etiquette 8449:Blasphemy 8239:Economics 8054:Ahmadiyya 7988:Mu'tazili 7976:Ash'arism 7494:315870438 7411:3 October 7355:1573-3912 7261:170916710 7245:0585-5292 7154:3 October 6980:1478-0542 6375:cite book 6045:162187154 5829:Ibn Majah 5825:an-Nasa'i 5675:cite book 5525:see also 5052:0928-9380 4952:(1989) . 4411:13 August 4352:Citations 4338:Mukhtasar 4334:Mukhtasar 4223:discourse 4218: or 4150:romanized 3848:Goldziher 3836:Criticism 3723:mutawātir 3246:terrorism 3198:Criticism 3151:Sexuality 3121:Mysticism 3091:Festivals 3071:Education 3066:Economics 3002:Academics 2958:Caliphate 2771:Practices 2610:Hanafites 2598:Mu`tazila 2532:muhajirun 2526:muhajirun 2360:Quranists 1981:Kitab Ali 1850:evaluated 1691:The word 1674:i.e. the 1584:Etymology 1394: or 1349:romanized 1155:Criticism 890:Criticism 861:Ahmadiyya 816:Al-Ghadir 669:الاستبصار 186:صحيح مسلم 11223:Muhammad 11160:(Wiccan) 11140:(Baha'i) 11032:(Shinto) 11002:Medieval 10973:Theogony 10903:(Taoist) 10900:Zhuangzi 10784:Category 10563:Category 10427:Muhammad 10332:Category 10247:Timeline 10242:Opinions 10237:Reprints 10224:cartoons 10208:Idomeneo 10112:Muhammad 9566:Musannaf 9313:Musannaf 9063:Category 8956:Islamism 8939:Muhammad 8895:Apostasy 8870:Hinduism 8770:Feminism 8701:Medicine 8541:Military 8495:Gambling 8444:Apostasy 8439:Criminal 8351:Marriage 8320:Tayammum 8272:Murabaha 8145:Madrasas 8135:Holidays 8125:Clothing 8120:Children 8115:Calendar 8066:Quranism 8020:Alawites 7984:Atharism 7875:Rashidun 7714:In Islam 7709:Muhammad 7573:Archived 7519:62284281 7498:Archived 7387:(1983). 7195:(2014). 7166:(2009). 7109:Sahihayn 6862:Alrahman 6684:28 March 6207:. Amazon 6123:19 April 5900:28 March 5723:"Hadith" 5269:26 March 5225:28 March 5199:16 April 4990:"Hadith" 4877:28 March 4636:19 April 4545:"Hadith" 4448:(1978). 4399:"Hadith" 4366:"hadith" 3952:See also 3891:Quranism 3541:exegesis 3463:both by 3395:muṣannaf 3342:Abu Bakr 3282:Glossary 3268:Jihadism 3241:Violence 3236:Islamism 3207:Muhammad 3193:Apostasy 3136:Politics 3086:Feminism 3081:Exorcism 3042:Diaspora 3027:Children 3022:Calendar 2950:Rashidun 2928:Muhammad 2923:Timeline 2884:Mathnawi 2746:Prophets 2690:a series 2688:Part of 2558:Muhammad 2415:"Hadith" 2272:madhhabs 2203:itself. 2132:or even 2087:scholar 1954:madh'hab 1656:Scholar 1410:Muhammad 1059:Miracles 1041:Military 966:Muhammad 958:a series 956:Part of 917:Category 915:• 108:Musannaf 40:a series 38:Part of 11044:(Islam) 11026:(Islam) 11010:Puranas 10985:Enneads 10794:Commons 10751:Quraish 10679:Khaybar 10487:Mahomet 10473:Inferno 10467:Falnama 10119:History 9968:Al-Wafi 9295:Sahifah 9263:Topical 9010:Nursing 8971:Qutbism 8885:Sikhism 8880:Judaism 8875:Jainism 8711:Physics 8658:Pottery 8643:Gardens 8638:Carpets 8553:Slavery 8475:Divorce 8462:Dhabiĥa 8290:Hygiene 8265:Takaful 8247:Banking 8177:Science 8171:Qurbani 8140:Mosques 8100:Animals 8089:Culture 8037:Zaydism 8025:Alevism 7911:Ottoman 7901:Almohad 7896:Fatimid 7891:Córdoba 7886:Abbasid 7881:Umayyad 7814:Leaders 7809:History 7767:Shahada 7682:Beliefs 7622:. 1920. 7606:. 1905. 7253:1596086 7025:29 June 6885:12 June 6831:1596086 6476:, 2004. 6258:27 June 6186:27 June 6147:Brown, 6058:Brown, 5981:Tabaqat 5964:Brown, 5843:Al-Kafi 5562:Brown, 5447:14 June 5295:20 June 5103:26 June 4883:hadith. 4607:: p.229 4591:: p.168 4575:: p.203 4554:31 July 4255:madhhab 4207: 4189:ʾaḥādīṯ 4175:aḥādīth 4152:: 4065:aḥādīth 4049:aḥādīth 3477:Shariah 3370:hadiths 3163:Slavery 3146:Science 3101:Madrasa 3096:Finance 3007:Animals 2995:society 2991:Culture 2963:Imamate 2943:Sahabah 2916:History 2886:(Poems) 2871:(creed) 2795:Fasting 2723:Oneness 2716:Beliefs 2588:Mālik's 2517:Caliphs 2489:of the 2440:scholar 2372:History 2336:In the 2320:Ismaili 2291:Twelver 2289:In the 2267:Malikis 2165:ijtihad 2161:Akhbari 2031:hadith" 2026:(مقطوع) 2021:"maqtu' 2016:Tabi'un 2011:hadith" 2006:(موقوف) 2001:"mawquf 1940:Shafi'i 1930:Tabi'un 1922:Sahabah 1799:maghazi 1787:maghazi 1764:maghazi 1612:aḥādīth 1495:Fatimah 1389:remnant 1383: 1351:: 1235:Related 1213:Salawat 1175:Saqifah 1136:Judaism 690:Al-Wafi 11208:Hadith 11116:Modern 11069:(Sikh) 11042:Hadith 11030:Kojiki 10967:Talmud 10919:Tanakh 10887:Avesta 10881:Agamas 10136:Hadith 9753:hadith 9554:Musnad 9345:Musnad 9108:hadith 8832: 8790:poetry 8600: 8485:Ethics 8469:Dhimmi 8428:Baligh 8389:Mahram 8346:Family 8326:Toilet 8306:Miswak 8059:Lahori 8000:Salafi 7946:Seerah 7941:Tafsir 7936:Hadith 7906:Sokoto 7851:Sahaba 7726:Angels 7703:Tawhid 7660:topics 7589:Hadith 7554:Online 7546:(1998) 7533: 7517: 7492: 7482: 7453: 7432: 7397: 7373: 7353: 7347:Online 7327: 7310:18 May 7285: 7259: 7251: 7243: 7218:4 June 7209: 7181: 7145: 7095:10 May 7086: 7065: 7016: 6978: 6912:Musa: 6829: 6675: 6584: 6548: 6470:Leiden 6452: 6416:, p. 8 6365: 6355: 6328: 6301: 6235: 6151:, 1996 6064:: p.12 6062:, 1996 6043: 6031:: 21. 6008:10 May 5999: 5970:: p.11 5968:, 1996 5951: 5849: 5821:Muslim 5769: 5744:, 2014 5704: 5633: 5566:, 1996 5472: 5426:: p.65 5424:, 2014 5408:, 1975 5392:, 1975 5376:, 1975 5362:: p.94 5360:, 2014 5346:: p.66 5320: 5171: 5094: 5050: 5000: 4962:2 June 4868: 4835: 4803: 4776: 4746:, 2014 4722: 4695: 4660:: p.18 4658:, 2014 4605:, 1975 4589:, 1975 4573:, 1975 4512: 4458: 4182:أحاديث 4156:ḥadīth 4141:Arabic 4071:hadith 4055:أحاديث 4023:Tafsir 4018:Sharia 3942:tharid 3862:Qur'an 3817:munkar 3809:mawḍūʿ 3787:(weak) 3684:thiqāt 3527:16–19. 3399:muʿjam 3397:, the 3217:Hadith 3131:Poetry 3111:Mosque 3076:Ethics 2901:Sharia 2869:Aqidah 2861:Tafsir 2845:Hadith 2839:Sunnah 2783:Prayer 2734:Angels 2480:Caliph 2442: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2413: 2353:Others 2311:, and 2191:. 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