Quran - Knowledge

5337: 4986: 1790: 4774: 4786: 6376: 2631: 5601: 4806: 6069: 4724: 5685: 6088: 2408: 4748: 4705: 6103: 5336: 1713:, an early form of written Arabic. This possibly was one of the earliest extant exemplars of the Quran, but as the tests allow a range of possible dates, it cannot be said with certainty which of the existing versions is the oldest. Saudi scholar Saud al-Sarhan has expressed doubt over the age of the fragments as they contain dots and chapter separators that are believed to have originated later. The Birmingham manuscript caused excitement amongst believers because of its potential overlapping with the dominant tradition over the lifetime of 5653: 64: 7282:"The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one over-arching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order... This has given rise in the past to a great deal of criticism by European and American scholars of Islam, who find the Quran disorganized, repetitive and very difficult to read." 5834: 5192: 10464:," as the destroyer of the shari'a and leader of the dissemblers, who represent "the collective personality of the Sufyan.".. In the same context, he then employs the Hadith metaphorically to pinpoint the specific forms in which he sees these evil forces at work in Turkish society at the time: naturalist and materialist philosophies, individualism, self-aggrandizement, and hybris, including the hybris of a "tyrannical leader" figure who falsely but seductively claims to possess an almost god-like status. The figure of the 7328:"at imperial expense, a 'Tatar and Turkish Typography' was established in St. Petersburg; a domestic scholar, Mullah Osman Ismail, was responsible for the manufacture of the types. One of the first products of this printing house was the Qur'ān. Through the doctor and writer, Johann Georg v. Zimmermann (d. 1795), who was befriended by Catherine II, a copy of the publication arrived in the Göttingen University library. Its director, the philologist Christian Gottlob Heyne (d. 1812), presented the work immediately in the 1460:, had caused some confusion and differences in the pronunciation of the Qur'an, and conflict was arising between different Arab tribes due to some claiming to be more superior to other Arab tribes and non-Arabs based on dialect, Which Uthman noticed. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard text of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death in 632, the complete Quran was committed to written form as the 1435:, early Muslim narratives about the collection and compilation of the Quran sometimes contradict themselves: "Most ... make Uthman little more than an editor, but there are some in which he appears very much a collector, appealing to people to bring him any bit of the Quran they happen to possess." Some accounts also "suggest that in fact the material" Abu Bakr worked with "had already been assembled", which since he was the first caliph, would mean they were collected when Muhammad was still alive. 4252: 5613: 1596: 6142: 6669: 4841: 3419: 6655: 4826: 6121: 3327:, acknowledges Brown's observation that the seeming disorganization of Quranic literary expression—its scattered or fragmented mode of composition in Sells's phrase—is in fact a literary device capable of delivering profound effects as if the intensity of the prophetic message were shattering the vehicle of human language in which it was being communicated. Sells also addresses the much-discussed repetitiveness of the Quran, seeing this, too, as a literary device. 5665: 1410:) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones (collectively known as 20896: 4459: 3362:) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance'", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?'"). According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential. The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras. 7220:"God's Apostle replied, 'Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says.' ʻAisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the Sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." 1474: 206: 184: 7319:"the major Ottoman printing houses published a combined total of only 142 books in more than a century of printing between 1727 and 1838. When taken in conjunction with the fact that only a minuscule number of copies of each book were printed, this statistic demonstrates that the introduction of the printing press did not transform Ottoman cultural life until the emergence of vibrant print media in the middle of the nineteenth century" 2196: 2844: 5629: 7332:(28 July 1788); therein he pointed especially to the beauty of the Arabic types. To the Arabic text marginal glosses have been added that consist predominantly of reading variants. The imprint was reproduced unchanged in 1790 and 1793 in St. Petersburg (cf. Schnurrer, Bibliotheca arabica, no. 384); later, after the transfer of the printing house to Kazan, editions appeared in different formats and with varying presentation 2008: 20885: 6641: 4208: 10359:(Applications nos. 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 and 41344/98), Judgment, Strasbourg, 13 February 2003, No. 123 (siehe S. 39): "sharia is incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy, since principles such as pluralism in the political sphere and the constant evolution of public freedoms have no place in it and a regime based on sharia clearly diverges from Convention values"; see Alastair Mowbray, 3617: 3052: 8873: – 2008 Middle East report: Issues 218–222; Issues 224–225 Middle East Research & Information Project, JSTOR (Organization) – 2001 Shahine filed to divorce Abu Zayd from his wife, on the grounds that Abu Zayd's textual criticism of the Quran made him an apostate, and hence unfit to marry a Muslim. Abu Zayd and his wife eventually relocated to the Netherlands 3285: 1226: 11533:: "the verses of the Qur'an represent its uniqueness and beauty not to mention its novelty and originality. That is why it has succeeded in convincing so many people of its truth. it imitates nothing and no one nor can it be imitated. Its style does not pall even after long periods of study and the text does not lose its freshness over time" 4472: 1292:) maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood. For example, according to 4471: 4633:) before touching a copy of the Quran, although this view is not universal. Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water. While praying, the Quran is only recited in Arabic. 5316:, with less reference to the Islamic scholarly tradition that contextualizes and systematizes the reading (e.g., by identifying some verses as abrogated). This tradition of interpretation draws on the following practices: grammatical renegotiation, renegotiation of textual preference, retrieval, and concession. 2775:, there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomena and many verses of the Quran ask mankind to study nature, and this has been interpreted to mean an encouragement for scientific inquiry, and of the truth. Some include, "Travel throughout the earth and see how He brings life into being" ( 4476: 4475: 4474: 7476: 7379:, the verse instead commands women to "snap their belts around their waists." The belt was a sign of chastity in the Christian world. According to him, the meanings of the words in the relevant part of the verse are as follows:خِمار Khimar; cummerbund, جيب jyb; sinus, sac, وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ;"let them hit" 5227:

in the Quran such as coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sadness; "Allah has equipped them with words to bring them closer to our minds; in this respect, they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind and thus help the listener to clearly understand the idea he wants

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Moses, asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God in Qushayri's words. Moses cames like thousands of men who traveled great distances, gives up his self existence. In that state, Moses was

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Siddiqui, M 2020, Poetry, prophecy and the angelic voice: Reflections on the Divine Word. in MS Burrows, H Davies & J von Zitzewitz (eds), Prophetic Witness and the Reimagining of the World: Poetry, Theology and Philosophy in Dialogue. 1st edn, The Power of the Word, vol. 5, Routledge Studies in

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Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the

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translations (meanings) that include the translator's contributions to the relevant text instead of literal ones. Although the author's contributions are often bracketed and shown separately, the author's individual tendencies may also come to the fore in making sense of the main text. These studies

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When Moses came at the appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he asked, "My Lord! Reveal Yourself to me so I may see You." Allah answered, "You cannot see Me! But look at the mountain. If it remains firm in its place, only then will you see Me." When his Lord appeared to the mountain, He levelled

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in authentication of his prophetic status. The literary quality of the Qur'an has been praised by Muslim scholars and by many non-Muslim scholars. The doctrine of the miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected

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of Muhammad to the city of Medina on traditional account. However, a sūrah classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and vice versa. Sūrah names are derived from a name or a character in the text, or from the first letters or words of the sūrah. Chapters are not arranged in chronological

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After examining the verses of the Quran to find where the word mythology has been used and seeking the accordance between the meaning and context with Quran’s purpose of knowledge and guidance, including rules and educational issues, we found that the concept of myth is not acceptable in the Quran.

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The other copies, already in the hands of Muslims in other areas, were collected and sent to Medina where, on orders of the Caliph, they were burnt (or, according to some historians, were destroyed by boiling). Thus several copies were made, one being kept in Medina, one in Mecca, and one each sent

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scripts. Toward the end of the ninth century, new scripts began to appear in copies of the Quran and replace earlier scripts. The reason for discontinuation in the use of the earlier style was that it took too long to produce and the demand for copies was increasing. Copyists would therefore choose

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uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran. Occasionally, an early Quran shows compatibility with a

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The variant readings of the Quran are one type of textual variant. According to Melchert (2008), the majority of disagreements have to do with vowels to supply, most of them in turn not conceivably reflecting dialectal differences and about one in eight disagreements has to do with whether to place

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has been investigating these Quran fragments for years. His research team made 35,000 microfilm photographs of the manuscripts, which he dated to the early part of the 8th century. Puin has noted unconventional verse orderings, minor textual variations, and rare styles of orthography, and suggested

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It is said that beside these five, one copy was also sent to Yemen and one to Bahrein. These copies were called the Imam copies and served as original for all future copies. The only difference of order between these copies and the first volume was that the chapters "Spirits of War" and "Immunity"

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Samuel Pepys: "One feels it difficult to see how any mortal ever could consider this Quran as a Book written in Heaven, too good for the Earth; as a well-written book, or indeed as a book at all; and not a bewildered rhapsody; written, so far as writing goes, as badly as almost any book ever was!"

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that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic

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such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and warn people to be prepared for the "imminent" day referred to in various ways. It is 'the Day of Judgment,' 'the Last Day,' 'the Day of Resurrection,' or simply 'the Hour.' Less frequently it is 'the Day of Distinction',

2615:(the final fate of the universe) may be considered the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. The Quran does not assert a natural 1259:

that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of

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In the early history of Islam there was a lively debate over the true identity of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn. One prominent identification was with an ancient South Arabian Ḥimyarī king, generally referred to in the sources as al-Ṣaʿb b. Dhī Marāthid. Indeed the association of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn with the South

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from amongst the companions, (one of them being Zayd ibn Thābit who had compiled the first volume), produce other copies from the first volume which had been prepared on the orders of the first caliph and which had been kept with Ḥafṣah, the wife of the Prophet and daughter of the second caliph.

6344:, the Prophet-Founder of the Baháʼí Faith, testified to the validity of the Quran, writing, say: "Perused ye not the Qur'án? Read it, that haply ye may find the Truth, for this Book is verily the Straight Path. This is the Way of God unto all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth." 5724:, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc. It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of 1252:

reported, "I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in

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attempting to reconcile this respect with religious beliefs. This is because, according to Edis, true criticism of the Quran is almost non-existent in the Muslim world. While Christianity is less prone to see its Holy Book as the direct word of God, fewer Muslims will compromise on this idea –

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sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632 at age 61–62. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the

11517:: "to produce something which might be accepted as echoing however faintly the sublime rhetoric of the Arabic Koran, I have been at pains to study the intricate and richly varied rhythms which constitute the Koran's undeniable claim to rank amongst the greatest literary masterpieces of mankind 3310:

The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found

4686:. The Quran is never decorated with figurative images, but many Qurans have been highly decorated with decorative patterns in the margins of the page, or between the lines or at the start of suras. Islamic verses appear in many other media, on buildings and on objects of all sizes, such as 4259:

Quran says, "We have sent down the Quran in truth, and with the truth it has come down" and frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained. The Quran speaks of a written pre-text that records God's speech before it is sent down, the "preserved tablet" that is the basis of

3539:. He also added other features developed by himself; the free variation of themes (taṣrīf al-maʿānī), the implication content (taḍmīn) of the expressions and the rhyming closures (fawāṣil). The most famous works on the doctrine of inimitability are two medieval books by the grammarian 4805: 14626:

Christians are often surprised to discover that Jesus is mentioned by name in the Quran more than Muhammad and that Mary is mentioned more times in the Quran than in the New Testament. Both Jesus and Mary play important roles not only in the Quran but also in Muslim piety and

3315:, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository. 5222:

Tabatabaei points out that unacceptable esoteric interpretations of the Quran have been made and defines the acceptable ones as implicit meanings that are ultimately known only by God and cannot be directly understood through human thought alone. As an example, he gives

1543:," whence belief in the corruption of the Quran became untenable vis-a-vis the position of Sunni "orthodoxy". Alleged distortions have been carried out to remove any references to the rights of Ali, the Imams and their supporters and the disapproval of enemies, such as 3569:, proving that the Quran is a work worthy of the emphasized superior place of Muhammad in the history of the prophets, thus gaining polemical superiority over Jews and Christians; Preservation of Arab national pride in the face of confrontation with the Iranian 3318:

The Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness.

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In the same way that Abraham‘s interrupted sacrifice of Isaac can be read as an etiological myth explaining the abolition of human sacrifice, just so can the entirety of the Old Testament be understood as a critical rupture with a polytheistic pagan past.

5557:'s translation, among various others. As with translations of the Bible, the English translators have sometimes favored archaic English words and constructions over their more modern or conventional equivalents; for example, two widely read translators, 5389:, education, ideology and knowledge of the people who made them, and efforts to reach the real content are drowned in the details of volumes of commentaries. These distortions can manifest themselves in many areas of belief and practices. 3512: 5863:

It is generally stated that there are small differences between readings. However, these small changes may also include differences that may lead to serious differences in Islam, ranging from the definition of God to practices such as the

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Revered by pious Muslims as "the holy of holies", whose sound moves some to "tears and ecstasy", it is the physical symbol of the faith, the text often used as a charm on occasions of birth, death, marriage. Traditionally, before starting

11525: : "It is as though Muhammad had created an entirely new literary form that some people were not ready for but which thrilled others. Without this experience of the Koran, it is extremely unlikely that Islam would have taken root." 1631:

from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission.… After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their

2986:, contain fallacies and are unscientific. As of 2008, both Muslims and non-Muslims have disputed whether there actually are "scientific miracles" in the Quran. Muslim critics of the movement include Indian Islamic theologian Maulana 8855:

Religions of the world Lewis M. Hopfe – 1979 "Some Muslims have suggested and practiced textual criticism of the Quran in a manner similar to that practiced by Christians and Jews on their bibles. No one has yet suggested the

6051:. Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people. These copies frequently took the form of a series of 30 parts or 4985: 1679:, manuscript pages from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to the scarcity of writing material. However, the faint washed-off underlying text ( 6431:

He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel previously, as a guide for people, and ˹also˺ revealed the Standard ˹to distinguish between right and

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studying the textbook of Moore and al-Zindani found himself "confused" by "why Moore was so 'astonished by'" the Quranic references, which Rizvi found "vague", and insofar as they were specific, preceded by the observations of

2351:) Characters of the stories can be closed-mythical, (khidr) demi-mythologic or combined characters, and it can also be seen that they are Islamized. While some believe he was a prophet, some researchers equate Luqman with the 2314:

While belief in God and obedience to the prophets are the main emphasis in the prophetic stories, there are also non-prophetic stories in the Quran that emphasize the importance of humility and having profound-inner knowledge

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According to esoteric interpretors, the inner meaning of the Quran does not eradicate or invalidate its outward meaning. Rather, it is like the soul, which gives life to the body. Corbin considers the Quran to play a part in

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Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included the first four caliphs

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is originated and needs an originator, and whatever exists must have a sufficient cause for its existence. Besides, the design of the universe is frequently referred to as a point of contemplation: "It is He who has created

6629:, state that the Quran exerted a particular influence on Arabic literature's diction, themes, metaphors, motifs and symbols and added new expressions and new meanings to old, pre-Islamic words that would become ubiquitous. 2533:

and was widely practiced among Muslims during the lifetime of Muhammad, was abolished in Islam is also an area where Sunni and Shiite understandings conflict as well as the translation / interpretation of the related verse

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There are occasional misinterpretations, mistranslations, and even distortions. Translating the meanings of the Holy Quran has always been challenging for translators, as the Quran has an exoteric and an esoteric meaning.

3028:, which originally means a 'sign' or 'evidence' sent by God. The number of verses differs from sūrah to sūrah. An individual verse may be just a few letters or several lines. The total number of verses in the most popular 3584:; The claim attracted criticism because it included claims against the integrity of the text, which is mostly accepted by Muslims, and the Khalifa was killed by his own student in an assassination possibly organized by a 13566: 979:

itself. Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. An important meaning of the word is the 'act of reciting', as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it

2335:(Dhulqarnayn). Those who "spend their wealth" on people who are in need because they devoted their lives to the way of Allah and whose situation is unknown because they are ashamed to ask, will be rewarded by Allah. ( 1766:", with commentaries needed to explain what is being referred to—"events are referred to, but not narrated; disagreements are debated without being explained; people and places are mentioned, but rarely named." While 4342:

and the truth of the religion. For this reason, in traditional Islamic societies, great importance was given to children memorizing the Quran, and those who memorized the entire Quran were honored with the title of

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power," the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer." The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the

2404:" and "qubh". The word ma’ruf literally means "known" or what is approved because of its familiarity for a certain society and its antithesis munkar means what is disapproved because it is unknown and extraneous. 1709:, England. According to the tests carried out by the Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, "with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645". The manuscript is written in 5988:

style manuscripts nevertheless confirm that transmission of the Quran in writing began at an early stage. Probably in the ninth century, scripts began to feature thicker strokes, which are traditionally known as

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Muslims believe that Muhammad's many divine encounters during his years in Mecca and Medina inspired the remainder of the Qur'an, which, nearly fourteen centuries later, remains the Arabic language's preeminent

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9936:“Whosoever of you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart — and that is the weakest of faith.” 6221:, who printed his first book in 1729. Except for books in Hebrew and European languages, which were unrestricted, very few books, and no religious texts, were printed in the Ottoman Empire for another century. 5097:

The Quran possesses an external appearance and a hidden depth, an exoteric meaning and an esoteric meaning. This esoteric meaning in turn conceals an esoteric meaning. So it goes on for seven esoteric meanings.

3551:('the Secrets of Eloquence'). Al Jurjani believed that Qur'an's eloquence must be a certain special quality in the manner of its stylistic arrangement and composition or a certain special way of joining words. 4773: 3311:

throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in

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In the Quran belief in the afterlife is often referred in conjunction with belief in God: "Believe in God and the last day" emphasizing what is considered impossible is easy in the sight of God. A number of

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also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations regarding right and wrong and historical events are related to outline general moral lessons. The style of the Quran has been called

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view the Quran as holy. In the Baháʼí Faith, the Quran is accepted as authentic revelation from God along with the revelations of the other world religions, Islam being a stage within the divine process of

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is used for clear imperative provisions based on the Quran. However, it is not possible to say that the relevant verses are understood in the same way by all segments of Islamic commentators; For example,

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It must never rest beneath other books, but always on top of them, one must never drink or smoke when it is being read aloud, and it must be listened to in silence. It is a talisman against disease and

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became a matter of fierce debate among religious scholars; and with the involvement of the political authority in the discussions, some Muslim religious scholars who stood against the political stance

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Gontowska, Luiza Maria, "Human Rights Violations Under the Sharia'a : A Comparative Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran" (2005). Honors College Theses. Paper 13.

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Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran

2873:", and began to be distributed through Muslim bookstores and websites. The movement contends that the Quran abounds with "scientific facts" that appeared centuries before their discovery and promotes 3470:; (poet)" connotes the meaning of a man of inspirational knowledge, of unseen powers. `To the early Arabs poetry was ṣihr ḥalāl and the poet was a genius who had supernatural communications with the 8310: 5800:

refers to a slow recitation that deploys heightened technical artistry and melodic modulation, as in public performances by trained experts. It is directed to and dependent upon an audience for the

4374:) might access, as "heirs of the prophets". For this reason, direct reading of the Quran or applications based on its literal translations are considered problematic except for some groups such as 2718:

9) thrown at demons that illegally ascend to the sky; When the time of judgment comes, they spill onto the earth, but this does not mean that life on earth ends; People run left and right in fear.(

1464:. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. and the six other 5549:

in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. Popular modern English translations by Muslims include The Oxford World Classic's translation by

4473: 1592:. Until the early 1970s, non-Muslim scholars of Islam —while not accepting traditional explanations for divine intervention— accepted the above-mentioned traditional origin story in most details. 6593:

is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name—Muhammad is often alluded to as "The Prophet" or "The Apostle"), while

973:), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is 10182: 3478:, the muses who inspired him.’ Although pre-Islamic Arabs gave poets status associated with suprahuman beings, soothsayers and prophecies were seen as persons of lower status. Contrary to later 406:. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for humankind ( 5768:, were highly influential in the development of current styles of recitation. Southeast Asia is well known for world-class recitation, evidenced in the popularity of the woman reciters such as 2427:

by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (

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A challenge to Islam for reformation: the rediscovery and reliable reconstruction of a comprehensive pre-Islamic Christian hymnal hidden in the Koran under earliest Islamic reinterpretations

10476:) will unite with Islam, the former in the role of follower and the latter in the form of leader, and the great spiritual energy of these joint forces will defeat the powers of ungodliness. 4785: 4648:, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called 2482:, who do not doubt that the Quran existing today is a religious source, infer from the same verses that it is clearly ordered to pray 2 or 3 times, not 5 times. About six verses adress to 5628: 5495:

translated the Quran into Persian. The manuscripts of all three books have survived and have been published several times. In 1936, translations in 102 languages were known. In 2010, the

5879:, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of 4747: 5720:

which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to

1789: 6232:, with one Mullah Osman Ismail responsible for producing the Arabic types. A Quran was printed with this press in 1787, reprinted in 1790 and 1793 in Saint Petersburg, and in 1803 in 13438: 10679: 3338:

by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (

1648: 4347:. Even today, millions of Muslims frequently refer to the Quran to justify their actions and desires", and see it as the source of scientific knowledge, though some refer to it as 2885:

movement has created a "global craze in Muslim societies", and has developed into an industry that is "widespread and well-funded". Individuals connected with the movement include

12465: 8740:"Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi" 6055:. In terms of productivity, the Ottoman copyists provide the best example. This was in response to widespread demand, unpopularity of printing methods and for aesthetic reasons. 5254:('Truths of Exegesis') is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), 3307:

structures that assist the audience's efforts to recall the message of the text. Muslims assert (according to the Quran itself) that the Quranic content and style is inimitable.

4402:; will open the closed expressions and try to guide the believers. There is no standardization in Qur'an translations, and interpretations range from traditional scholastic, to 13574: 5412:

containing verses from the Quran. In early centuries, the permissibility of translations was not an issue, but whether one could use translations in prayer. The Quran has been

4362:. On the other hand it is believed in Muslim community that full understanding of it can only be possible with the depths obtained in the basic and religious sciences that the 13620: 9855: 9161:

Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the

2327:

and Dhulqarnayn. According to the later ascriptions to these stories, it is possible for those with this knowledge and divine support to teach the prophets (Khidr-Moses story

5368:

Translating the Quran has always been problematic and difficult. Many argue that the Quranic text cannot be reproduced in another language or form. An Arabic word may have a

13652: 11221: 6217:

between 1483 and 1726—initially, even on penalty of death. The Ottoman ban on printing in Arabic script was lifted in 1726 for non-religious texts only upon the request of

6068: 13589: 12673: 7264:

For both the claim that variant readings are still transmitted and the claim that no such critical edition has been produced, see Gilliot, C., "Creation of a fixed text"

2581:. However, today, this understanding is questioned in certain circles, it is claimed that the provisions and contents in sources such as the Quran and hadith, apart from 2365:(Ar. ٱلْأَمْرُ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَٱلنَّهْيُ عَنِ ٱلْمُنْكَرِ) is repeated or referred to in nearly 30 verses in different contexts in the Quran and is an important part of 1527:

which indicate the distortion of the Quran and according to Etan Kohlberg, this belief about Quran was common among Shiites in the early centuries of Islam. In his view,

15839: 2948:". Zafar Ishaq Ansari terms the modern trend of claiming the identification of "scientific truths" in the Quran as the "scientific exegesis" of the holy book. In 1983, 2811:

are of the view that any reawakening of the Muslim civilization must start with the Quran; however, the biggest obstacle on this route is the "centuries old heritage of

1986:). God's omnipotence appears above all in his power to create. He is the creator of everything, of the heavens and the earth and what is between them (see, e.g., Quran 13325: 7238:

There is some disagreement among early Muslim sources disagree over who was the first to collect the narrations. At least one source credits Salim, the freed slave of

6058:

Whilst the majority of Islamic scribes were men, some women also worked as scholars and copyists; one such woman who made a copy of this text was the Moroccan jurist,

5170:

Suffering in Sufism is a tool for spiritual maturation, a person must give up his own existence and find his existence in the being he love (God), as can be seen in

20645: 5372:

depending on the context, making an accurate translation difficult. Moreover, one of the biggest difficulties in understanding the Quran for those who do not know

4723: 3454:

experience; the aesthetic experience of reciting and hearing the Qur’ān is often regarded as one of the main reasons behind conversion to Islam in the early days.

6284:

Regarding the claim of divine origin, critics refer to preexisting sources, not only taken from the Bible, supposed to be older revelations of God, but also from

20527: 7724: 5871:

The first Quranic manuscripts lacked marks, enabling multiple possible recitations to be conveyed by the same written text. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from

2388:

should be the key words in understanding the Quran in moral terms as a duty that the Quran imposes on believers. Although a common translation of the phrase is "

1338:

and that they do not change the meaning of the Qur'an, the purpose of which was to make the Qur'an easy for recitation and memorization among the different Arab

5296:('the Spirit of Elucidation') is a voluminous exegesis written in Arabic, combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and 3210:

In addition of the division into chapters, there are various ways of dividing Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30

2004:, etc.). All human beings are equal in their utter dependence upon God, and their well-being depends upon their acknowledging that fact and living accordingly. 19895: 11650:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

7620:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

2890: 2766: 5739:

In order to avoid incorrect pronunciation, reciters follow a program of training with a qualified teacher. The two most popular texts used as references for

2679:

is "a sign of the hour." Despite the uncertainty of the time is emphasized with the statement that it is only in the presence of God,(43:61) there is a rich

2084:) "Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers before you, that your lord has at his Command forgiveness as well as a most Grievous Penalty." 11795: 5183:

it to dust and Moses collapsed unconscious. When he recovered, he cried, "Glory be to You! I turn to You in repentance and I am the first of the believers."

5922: 9331:: "It is generally agreed both by Muslim commentators and modéra occidental scholars that Dhu ’l-Ḳarnayn is to be identified with Alexander the Great." 20512: 15862: 10477: 10447: 5151:) and metaphysical dimensions of existence and consciousness. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, and are 2623:, since man's existence is dependent on the will of God: when he wills, he causes man to die; and when he wills, he raises him to life again in a bodily 1740: 1296:, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some scholars such as 999:

is recited, listen to it and keep silent." The word may also assume the meaning of a codified scripture when mentioned with other scriptures such as the

796: 14130: 4879:), aimed at explaining the "meanings of the Quranic verses, clarifying their import and finding out their significance." Because the Quran is spoken in 4338:, it is protected from corruption ("Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardians"). Muslims consider the Quran to be a 2835:

wrote many Muslims appreciate technology and respect the role that science plays in its creation. As a result, he says there is a great deal of Islamic

2080:"prophethood") is seen as a duty imposed by God on individuals who have some characteristics such as intelligence, honesty, fortitude and justice. (See: 4956:

and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (

3438:, depicted with his face hidden. Historians, such as A. J. Wensinck and Denis Gril, reject the historicity of it, arguing that the Quran itself denies 4354:

Muslims believe the Quran to be God's literal words, a complete code of life, the final revelation to humanity, a work of divine guidance revealed to

2779:), "Behold in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding ..." ( 190: 5266:(d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of 20611: 5903:, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven 8655:

The Codification of the Qur'an Text A Comprehensive Study of the Original Collection of the Qur'an Text and the Early Surviving Qur'an Manuscripts

5664: 1470:

of the Qur'an fell out of use. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

1272:. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood. 15832: 11745: 5652: 5612: 5587: 1671:, manuscripts "consisting of 12,000 pieces" were discovered that were later proven to be the oldest Quranic text known to exist at the time. The 13288: 12537: 11350: 7273:

Scholars disagree on the exact number but this is a disagreement over "the placing of the divisions between the verese, not on the text itself."

1698:

that some of the parchments were palimpsests which had been reused. Puin believed that this implied an evolving text as opposed to a fixed one.

21258: 17289: 15202: 11662: 2983: 13356: 1416:, any written work containing divine teachings) and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. In 644, Muhammad's widow 14517: 12772:"Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition, and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence" 12694:

Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

11775: 8058: 6304:. The Quran acknowledges that accusations of borrowing popular ancient fables were being made against Muhammad. Due to its rejection of the 1137:('written work') is often used to refer to particular Quranic manuscripts but is also used in the Quran to identify earlier revealed books. 15053: 13448: 13048: 7207:

Hadith are primarily from Muhammad but some are from those closest to him. Muslim scholars have worked carefully to authenticate them; see

3561:: The necessity of explaining some challenging verses in the Quran; In the context of the emergence of the theory of "proofs of prophecy" ( 643: 11127: 6240:(1828), a translation in Turkish was printed in Cairo in 1842, and the first officially sanctioned Ottoman edition was finally printed in 2730:) comes and shows his shin; looks are fearful, are invited to prostration; but those invited in the past but stayed away, cannot do this.( 1205:

regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became

20542: 12555: 6270:. This edition was the result of a long preparation, as it standardized Quranic orthography, and it remains the basis of later editions. 5409: 5141:('interpretation'). Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God. Esoteric or 11742:"Chronology of the Qur'an According to Theodor Nöldeke and Sir William Muir (Analysis of the History of the Qur'an and Life of Mahomet)" 10155: 9723: 9697: 4704: 3264:), for it to be recited in a week. A different structure is provided by semantic units resembling paragraphs and comprising roughly ten 21341: 15825: 14239:"Alcorani textus universus ex correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus summa fide, atque pulcherrimis characteribus descriptus, vol. 2, p. i" 14057: 6102: 5228:

to express." He also claims that the Shiite belief that Muhammad and the innocent imams could know the interpretation of these verses (

4332:

Muslims believe that the present Quranic text corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran

11825: 10494: 5497: 3063:

whose story is told without naming in the Quran, lying in a garden, facing a hoopoe, Solomon's messenger. Persian miniature (c. 1595).

2960:

with Islamic Additions, interspersed pages of "embryology-related Quranic verse and hadith" by al-Zindani into Moore's original work.

361:

served as scribes, recording the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled on the order of the first caliph

20932: 20616: 20532: 10532:

7439 In-book reference: Book 97, Hadith 65 USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 532 (deprecated numbering scheme)

7720: 6087: 1348:

out of the seven survived and is still in use, which is believed to be the Quraysh dialect. While Sunni Muslims believe in the seven

13638: 13471: 9862: 21336: 20633: 17026: 12669: 7301:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 7229:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 4982:

were added to explanations in later periods, and schools of exegesis were formed criticizing each other's sources and methodology.

3458:

was an element of challenge, propaganda and warfare, and those who incapacitated their opponents from doing the same in feṣāḥa and

790: 13660: 11906: 11230: 9137: 4883:, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch intense 3299:

The Quran's message is conveyed with various literary structures and devices. In the original Arabic, the suras and verses employ

3080:

order, rather the chapters appear to be arranged roughly in order of decreasing size. Each sūrah except the ninth starts with the

1179:

during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to

20596: 20517: 6617:

wrote one of the earliest books on Arabic grammar, referred to as "Al-Kitab", which relied heavily on the language in the Quran.

5842:

dots above or below the line. Nasser categorizes variant readings into various subtypes, including internal vowels, long vowels,

5777: 3991: 13597: 8671: 6375: 6337: 20537: 19485: 15711: 2821:

argues that Islam's lag behind the West in scientific advancement after (roughly) 1500 AD was due to opposition by traditional

1014:

that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of

5215:

of the Quran, concerns certain truths that transcend the comprehension of ordinary people beyond the signs of words. A law, a

2646:

2:10–14: also mentioned with the same name (jannāt ʿadn) in the Quran, with the difference is that it was not the place where

1213:(also usually transliterated as Surah) were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both 1129:('The Book'), though it is also used in the Arabic language for other scriptures, such as the Torah and the Gospels. The term 20547: 20504: 15681: 15660: 15638: 15583: 15573: 15559: 15512: 15483: 15464: 15445: 15402: 15367: 15348: 15326: 15307: 15285: 15266: 15247: 15212: 15122: 15096: 15015: 14962: 14917: 14873: 14836: 14705: 14686: 14619: 14589: 14531: 14481: 14387: 14362: 14277: 14077: 14005: 13978: 13948: 13790: 13734: 13683: 13632: 13509: 13391: 13211: 13079: 12928: 12903: 12834: 12732: 12718: 12362: 12335: 12312: 12162: 12130: 11994: 11721: 11685: 11498: 11454: 11295: 11061: 10431: 10392: 10257: 10014: 9986: 9921: 9814: 9735: 9466: 9417: 9392: 9360: 9217: 8808: 8374: 8131: 8042: 8017: 7989: 7902: 7863: 7704: 7674: 7641: 7376: 6461: 6186:

and Alessandro Paganini. But this Quran was not used as it contained a large number of errors. Two more editions include the

5312:

style of some ex-Muslims who have converted to Christianity. Their style or reinterpretation can sometimes be geared towards

3878: 1724: 1328:(meaning letters; however, it could mean dialects, forms, styles or modes). Most Islamic scholars agree that these different 1281:", which is traditionally interpreted as 'illiterate', but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as 16613: 13810: 13333: 12861: 10055: 9179: 314:, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important 17623: 13407: 12979: 5736:), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation. 5137: 5056: 4411: 4386:

are brought fore to correct understandings in it. With a classical approach, scholars will discuss verses of the Qur'an in

3139:

figuring at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters of the Quran just after the basmala. The letters are also known as

2680: 770: 419:

Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for

13263: 11728:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

8194: 7681:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

6059: 3406:

has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this, the Qur'an is a

1209:. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most 18441: 15740: 11047: 9022:

Bergmann, Uwe; Sadeghi, Behnam (September 2010). "The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurān of the Prophet".

6698: 4888:

career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "

4840: 4625:("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water ( 2630: 2389: 1640:

Although most variant readings of the text of the Quran have ceased to be transmitted, some still are. There has been no

736: 506: 13346:

C.E. Bosworth. Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid", Vol. 10, p. 14.

10839: 3511:

circles, which emphasized only its literary aspect, and were adopted by other religious groups. According to grammarian

2801:)." He associates some scientific contradictions that can be seen in the Quran with a superficial reading of the Quran. 2585:, are contents that reflect the general understanding and practices of that period, and it is brought up to replace the 14941: 14443: 13820: 11029: 10643: 10207: 9300: 6984: 5930:

particular reading. A Syrian manuscript from the 8th century is shown to have been written according to the reading of

1042:('scripture'); the latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a 14183: 10478:

http://risaleinur.com/studies/131-conferences/2000/3967-the-apocalypse-in-the-teachings-of-bediuzzaman-said-nursi.html

6348:

may also seek inspiration from the Quran. It has been suggested that the Quran has some narrative similarities to the

2164:; 100–107) which he accepted as the will of GOD. In Judaism the story is perceived as a narrative designed to replace 20399: 20353: 20013: 20007: 17838: 17537: 15536: 15505:

The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments

14753: 14730: 14655: 14337: 14040: 12641: 11643: 11312: 11263: 11179: 11151: 10138: 9843: 9627: 8964: 8613: 8235: 7048: 6688: 5331: 4825: 4527:

The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked anger or of those who are astray.

4056: 3483: 2279: 2177: 1919: 1367: 731: 726: 14741: 13018: 12424: 12120: 7137:

was most predominant from the second half of the 18th century till the 1980s, when it has been superseded by either

21279: 20270: 20126: 19661: 19557: 16617: 16375: 14865: 8159:

Günther, Sebastian (2002). "Muhammad, the Illiterate Prophet: An Islamic Creed in the Quran and Quranic Exegesis".

6586: 6574: 3656: 2829:." He claims that they believed such laws were blasphemous because they limit "God's freedom to act" as He wishes. 2737:

Some researchers have no hesitation that many doomsday concepts, some of which are also used in the Quran, such as

2550: 2225: 2043: 609: 319: 297: 133: 16905: 11575:

Vasalou, Sophia (2002). "The Miraculous Eloquence of the Qur'an: General Trajectories and Individual Approaches".

3036:

are counted separately. According to one estimate the Quran consists of 77,430 words, 18,994 unique words, 12,183

1123:; 'something sent down', signifying the descent of an object from a higher place to lower place). Another term is 20754: 20570: 14678:

The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions

13240:"Ideologic Presuppositions Behind Translation: A Case Study of the Orientalist English Translations of the Quran" 12179: 11788: 9085: 6992: 6425: 4238: 3334:

when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this

3135:, 'disjoined letters, disconnected letters'; also 'mysterious letters') are combinations of between one and five 1828: 902: 782: 626: 395: 13875:

Rabb, Intisar (2006). "Non-Canonical Readings of the Qur'an: Recognition and Authenticity (The Ḥimṣī Reading)".

13257:"The ideological factor in the translation of sensitive issues from the Quran into English, Spanish and Catalan" 11962:

Eric Anderson, "Slain Islamic leader was outspoken; Khalifa's teachings from Tucson angered Muslims worldwide",

10901: 4455:

and on other occasions. This sura, which consists of seven verses, is the most often recited sura of the Quran:

2710:

as perceived in the Quran: While the stars are lamps illuminating the sky in ordinary cases, turns into stones (

20819: 20377: 20275: 15698: 15628: 14503: 9273: 6120: 4929: 4183: 2683:

in the Islamic world and doomsday prophecies in the Islamic world are heavily associated with "round" numbers.

2486:

when walk in public; Muslim scholars have differed as how to understand these verses, with some stating that a

1851:, who emphasize the mythological content of the Quran, are met with rejectionist attitudes in Islamic circles. 1354:, some Shia reject the idea of seven Qur'anic variants. A common misconception is that The seven ahruf and the 1197:

to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the

1168: 848: 492: 322:, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet 15788: 9644: 9316:

The result of this study show that Quran is not a myth, rather the stories are factual and based on reality.

5926: 5211:

indicates the specific meaning to which a verse is addressed. In Tabatabaei's view, ta'wil, or what is called

2863:

Starting in the 1970s and 80s, the idea of presence of scientific evidence in the Quran became popularized as

20925: 20187: 19946: 19681: 18300: 17844: 14138: 11621: 9162: 8113: 7250: 7239: 6683: 5501:

reported that the Quran was presented in 112 languages at the 18th International Quran Exhibition in Tehran.

5461:

The first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in

5202: 3927: 3007: 2998:, president of Center for Islam and Science in Alberta, Canada, and Egyptian Muslim scholar Khaled Montaser. 1659:

to date. The double layer reveals additions to the original text and multiple differences with today's Quran.

1248:

narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell" and

1150: 558: 18152: 17032: 13938: 13500: 13202: 11279: 10382: 9456: 9367:

Many Mediaeval scholars argued against the identification, though. Cf., e.g., the discussion in al-Maqrizi,

2859:

on the surface of the Moon, has been claimed on Internet forums to be evidence of the splitting of the Moon.

21331: 21321: 20739: 20716: 20336: 20192: 20182: 20088: 19799: 16655: 13783:

The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Quran: The Problem of Tawatur and the Emergence of Shawdhdh

13540: 7436: 6976: 6755: 5761: 5684: 3959: 2424: 1519:

was gathered and compiled by Muhammad during his lifetime. It is claimed that the Shia had more than 1,000

349:

to be God's own divine speech providing a complete code of conduct across all facets of life. This has led

14931: 14213: 13590:"A Meeting with the Egyptian Giants, al-Minshāwī, al-Huṣrī, Muṣṭafā Ismāʿīl and ʿAbdul-Bāsit ʿAbdus-Ṣamad" 13239: 12631: 10720: 10183:"Opinion: As Muslim women, we actually ask you not to wear the hijab in the name of interfaith solidarity" 6966: 5286:

which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Simnani (d. 1336) tried reconciliation of

3151:), or 'openers', as they form the opening verse of their respective suras. Four suras are named for their 21166: 20841: 20706: 20522: 20290: 20083: 19518: 19007: 17258: 17249: 15943: 14716: 11776:

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/75126557/Siddiqui2018PoetryProphecyAndTheAngelicVoice.pdf

11607:. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C. E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. 10803:

Ansari, Zafar Ishaq (2001). "Scientific Exegesis of the Qur'an / ‮التفسير العلمي للقرآن‬".

9741: 9263: 8995:"'The Qur'an: Text, Interpretation and Translation' Third Biannual SOAS Conference, 16–17 October 2003". 6760: 6626: 5996:

simpler writing styles. Beginning in the 11th century, the styles of writing employed were primarily the

5974:

Before printing was widely adopted in the 19th century, the Quran was transmitted in manuscripts made by

5015:

There have been several commentaries of the Quran by scholars of all denominations, popular ones include

4006: 3833: 2707: 2023: 1702: 1604: 1380:

Following Muhammad's death in 632, a number of his companions who memorized the Quran were killed in the

533: 350: 69: 10982: 9962:

T. Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an, London, McGillQueen’s University Press, 2002, p. 213

7512: 2577:). The guidance of the Quran and Muhammad is considered absolute, universal and will continue until the 21306: 20601: 20484: 20001: 19478: 17474: 14521: 14497: 13292: 11486: 10208:"Conflict and Conflict Resolution in the pre-Islamic Arab Society | SADIK KIRAZLI | download" 7208: 7000: 5853: 5513: 5216: 4046: 2202:

and her servants, having finished bathing finds one of the prominent prophet figures in the Quran baby

2027: 1577: 17492: 11741: 6251: 4811:

The leaves from Quran written in gold and contoured with brown ink with a horizontal format suited to

1689:

indicate that the parchments are dated to the period before 671 CE with a 99 percent probability. The

21311: 20681: 20382: 20211: 19907: 19687: 19650: 17429: 16257: 15412: 15148: 15106: 14884: 14238: 13567:"Khalaf from Hamzah – A look at the features of recitation of al-Qur'an by Shahzada Husain Bhaisaheb" 13014: 12975: 12857: 12541: 12253: 11358: 11195: 10749: 8739: 8719:

HADDADIAN ABDORREZA; MOADDAB SEYYED REZA. "A STUDY ON TRADITIONS OF DISTORTION IN AYYASHI EXEGESIS".

7567: 7533: 7503: 7450: 7192:

should probably be interpreted in the light of IV, 105, where it is said that "Muhammad is to judge (

7008: 7006: 6998: 6990: 6982: 6974: 6171: 6048: 5952: 5857: 4141: 3853: 3455: 1571: 358: 73: 19456:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

19030: 17279: 5044: 412:). It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the 21326: 20918: 20836: 20565: 20389: 20162: 19700: 19327: 18429: 18117: 18017: 15144: 14820: 14024: 13443: 8105: 6542: 6361: 6357: 6245: 4073: 3873: 3439: 3375: 3199:, those letters are Quranic initials for a hypothetical mathematical code in the Quran, namely the 3095:), an Arabic phrase meaning 'In the name of God.' There are, however, still 114 occurrences of the 2904:

Enthusiasts of the movement argue that among the miracles found in the Quran are "everything, from

1945: 1831:, are included in the Quran with small allusions, references or sometimes small narratives such as 1706: 1432: 451:. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typically complete the recitation of the whole Quran during 315: 15812: 15575:

The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

14582:

The Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

12815:"The Anthropology of Islamic Law: Education, Ethics, and Legal Interpretation at Egypt's Al-Azhar" 10103:"10. How Can we Observe the Sala Prayers by Following the Quran Alone? - Edip-Layth - quranix.org" 9888: 2978:

Critics argue, verses that proponents say explain modern scientific facts, about subjects such as

2675:

will break through their ancient barrier wall and sweep down to scourge the earth (21:96-97); and

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in islamic literature, as well as language and linguistics; will pass it through filters such as

4261: 3668: 3540: 2957: 2905: 2886: 1551: 19727: 18192: 17975: 17054: 16493: 15761: 15707: 13056: 11937: 10557: 7346:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as

5876: 1961:

in harmony. You cannot see any fault in God's creation; then look again: Can you see any flaw?"

931: 21316: 21024: 20851: 20780: 20749: 20689: 19671: 19666: 19584: 19023: 18273: 17528: 17469: 17359: 16839: 16230: 15235: 14792: 14520:(2002). "On pre-Islamic Christian strophic poetical texts in the Koran". In Warraq, Ibn (ed.). 12578: 11603: 10302:"A Comparative Study of Islamic Feminist and Traditional Shiʿi Approaches to Qurʾanic Exegesis" 8895:

Donner, Fred M. (2014). "Review: Textual Criticism and Qurʾān Manuscripts, by Keith E. Small".

8823:

For searching the Arabic text on the internet and writing, see "Cyberspace and the Qur'an", by

7929: 7424: 6970: 6962: 6713: 6345: 6285: 6279: 5918: 5542: 5482: 5032: 4971: 4941: 4925: 4122: 3888: 3495: 2987: 2870: 1882:

are more detailed and longer stories. Apart from semi-historical events and characters such as

1524: 1516: 1506: 1255: 858: 843: 48: 20: 14885:"Pilgrimage in Pre-Islamic Arabia: Continuity and Rupture from Epigraphic Texts to the Qur'an" 14355:

The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History: From the mid-19th century to the present day

14028: 13968: 12563: 12352: 12325: 10364: 10128: 9290: 8925:

Melchert, Christopher (2000). "Ibn Mujahid and the Establishment of Seven Qur'anic Readings".

8496:

Since the word of God seemed threatened with alteration, the caliph ordered that five of the

7358:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read as

6341: 1491:

which is a way and method of reciting the Qur'an was developed sometime afterwards. There are

619: 431:, the Quran is recited only in Arabic. Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a 21185: 20797: 20775: 19594: 19471: 18528: 18397: 18294: 17089: 16956: 16745: 16649: 16504: 16417: 16129: 15894: 15624: 15433: 15048: 14643: 14469: 14325: 14267: 13995: 13930: 13706: 12023: 11490: 11251: 11131: 10869: 10421: 10159: 9911: 9691: 9292:

Historia and fabula: myths and legends in historical thought from antiquity to the modern age

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to Sham (a territory now divided into Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan), Kufa and Basra.

8397: 7580: 7546: 6718: 6622: 6538: 6518: 6510: 6365: 6297: 6036: 5550: 5458:) by the orders of Abdullah bin Umar bin Abdul Aziz on the request of the Hindu Raja Mehruk. 5229: 4868: 4395: 4387: 4319: 4117: 3942: 3726: 3681: 3435: 3192: 2267: 2142: 2100: 2031: 1941: 1616: 1318: 1265: 1260:

Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a

518: 440: 14609: 13970:

Islam: essays on scripture, thought and society: a festschrift in honour of Anthony H. Johns

9591:"Surah 60 Al-Mumtahanah (She that is to be examined). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 5606:

1091 Quranic text in bold script with Persian translation and commentary in a lighter script

5541:

produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by

2817:

and other disciplines which inhibit a "universal conception" of the Quran's message. Author

2553:

provided general guidance and that some books were sent down to them, their stories such as

2433:). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the 459:

prayers. In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse, Muslims rely on

387:, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, 21178: 21018: 20464: 20371: 20316: 18550: 18145: 18029: 18011: 17160: 16986: 15383: 14069: 11821: 10490: 8109: 7310:

professor emeritus of Islamic thought at the University of Paris, Algerian Mohammed Arkoun.

6384: 6305: 5931: 5060: 5036: 4952:. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, 4864: 4683: 4339: 3562: 2212: 1672: 1293: 1146: 765: 760: 479: 17079: 10943: 9049:

Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (March 2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān".

8230:(New Revised Edition 2 ed.). International Islamic Publishing House. pp. 50–54. 7728: 7242:

with collecting the Qur'an into a mushaf: "It is reported... from Ibn Buraidah who said:

6328: 2521:

inscriptions, and this continuity can be observed in many details, especially in hajj and

2262:) special with the expressions used for him, such as the "word" and "spirit" from God and 1124: 1069: 1015: 994: 981: 974: 943: 932: 921: 8: 21237: 21172: 21109: 21054: 20694: 20575: 20469: 20285: 19782: 19579: 18579: 18523: 18318: 17986: 17628: 16851: 16546: 16216: 15998: 15975: 15569: 15295: 15025: 15001: 13383: 12826: 12448: 11514: 11167: 9678: 7979: 7459: 6750: 6456: 6389: 6316: 6263: 6225: 6218: 6191: 6187: 5975: 5969: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5508: 5267: 4679: 4542: 4506:صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ 4359: 4312: 4277: 4264:

also, and Muslims believe that the Quran was sent down or started to be sent down on the

4231: 4127: 3761: 3661: 2945: 2874: 2808: 2606: 1750: 1656: 1399:), subsequently decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. 1381: 1317:, a date that roughly corresponds to February or March 632. The verse was revealed after 895: 648: 354: 17484: 17410: 14972:

Krek, Miroslav (1979). "The Enigma of the First Arabic Book Printed from Movable Type".

12733:"Resource: List of Famous Qur'anic Tafasir Works – Shi'a, Sunni and Zaydi – Iqra Online" 10542: 8738:

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (eds.).

5481:, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the students of 1076:('remembrance'), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning; and 427:—oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad. During 21244: 20856: 20770: 20621: 20557: 20365: 20341: 20018: 19996: 19956: 19846: 19759: 19710: 19676: 19567: 18936: 18905: 18378: 18024: 17776: 17598: 16920: 16048: 15189: 15152: 15132: 15111: 15086: 15070: 15005: 14989: 14780: 12795: 12279: 11914: 11656: 11415: 10820: 10329: 9657: 9619: 9410:

Mapping Frontiers Across Medieval Islam: Geography, Translation and the 'Abbasid Empire

9066: 8938: 8797: 8256: 7133:(and its variants) was usual before the 19th century when it became obsolete. The form 6723: 6703: 6693: 6674: 6404: 6267: 5558: 5429: 5325: 5103: 5069:

believe the meaning of the Quran is not restricted to the literal aspect. In contrast,

5066: 5020: 4832: 4637: 4403: 4151: 4108: 4078: 4061: 4036: 3981: 3937: 3649: 3304: 3045: 3041: 2668: 2635: 2558: 2506: 2393: 2352: 2328: 2012: 1820: 1816: 1745:

The Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of

1727:

that expresses findings and views different from the traditional approach to the early

1686: 1297: 1269: 718: 631: 614: 528: 327: 15457:

A Deadly Misunderstanding: a Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide

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Leaman, Oliver, ed. (2006). The Qur'an: an encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9780415326391

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granted by the unveiling of the realities, when he comes to the way of those in love.

4904:). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. 4556:

is second in frequency of Qur'an recitation, for according to many early authorities,

1774:

expresses the effort to understand the implied and implicit expressions of the Quran,

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during the seventh century. Another translation of the Quran was completed in 884 in

5348: 5167:). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of writers. 4945: 4419: 4355: 4192: 4156: 4103: 4016: 3976: 3838: 3552: 3447: 2909: 2594: 1754: 1589: 1540: 1439: 1164: 823: 300: 282: 15596:(1996). "Observations on Early Quran Manuscripts in Sana'a". In Wild, Stefan (ed.). 14825: 14812: 14763:

Clogg, Richard (1979). "An Attempt to Revive Turkish Printing in Istanbul in 1779".

13472:"Qur'ans from the Eastern Islamic World between the 4th/10th and 6th/12th Centuries" 6255: 5833: 4962:) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear. In addition the words of the 2787:

writes: "The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence (

1495:

and they are not to be confused with ahruf. Shias recite the Quran according to the

21141: 20861: 20846: 20606: 20311: 20033: 19971: 19961: 19951: 19936: 19742: 19645: 19617: 19505: 19364: 18964: 18957: 18877: 18636: 18564: 18511: 18419: 18239: 17826: 17565: 17508: 17366: 17294: 17155: 16700: 16550: 16525: 16483: 16157: 16016: 15792: 15522: 15181: 15160: 15140: 15062: 15029: 14981: 14933:

Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women

9831: 9385:

Al-Maqrīzī's al-Ḫabar ʻan al-bašar: vol. V, section 4: Persia and its kings, part I

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For eschatology, see "Discovering (final destination)", by Christopher Buck, p. 30.

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One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is

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with his wealth and becomes arrogant will be punished, arrogance befits only God. (

2189: 2169: 2157: 1949: 1911: 1836: 1824: 1812: 1808: 1728: 1652: 1555: 1243: 1186: 1043: 636: 523: 281:). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in 114: 21230: 14796: 14169: 13621:"Mediated Qur'anic Recitation and the Contestation of Islam in Contemporary Egypt" 13227: 9949: 5643: 4553: 3494:, with a few exceptions like the Byzantine victory over the Persians in wars that 1968:. God is depicted as living, eternal, omniscient and omnipotent (see, e.g., Quran 1268:

since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in

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The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named

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produced on which a scholarly reconstruction of the Quranic text could be based.

1567: 1544: 1492: 1417: 1400: 958: 939: 339: 290: 36: 16900: 15756: 14722:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism: A Sourcebook

12703:

Sociology of religions: perspectives of Ali Shariati (2008) Mir Mohammed Ibrahim

11357:. The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at BYU. Archived from 6452:) to their unique origin, saying all of them have been revealed by the one God. 6047:. These features were added to the text during the lifetimes of the last of the 4975: 2565:

and are met with suspicion. The provisions that might arise from them, (such as

2562: 2447:. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to 2407: 2149:, Abraham is among the most honorable, excellent role model father for Muslims. 1757:, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and 1723:

to 632 CE and used as evidence to support conventional wisdom and to refute the

21301: 21217: 21084: 20941: 20899: 20626: 20479: 20321: 20023: 19017: 18985: 18945: 18812: 18803: 18574: 18559: 18498: 18215: 18135: 18076: 17745: 17593: 17371: 17110: 17083: 17059: 16894: 16878: 16731: 16690: 16662: 16629: 16556: 16473: 16461: 16439: 16423: 16264: 15500: 14415: 13848:

Dutton, Yasin (2001). "An Early Mushaf According To The Reading Of Ibn ʻAmir".

13256: 11538: 11339:, Irene Blomm, William Theodore De Bary, Columbia University Press, 1990, p. 65 10926: 9387:. Bibliotheca Maqriziana Opera maiora. Leiden Boston: Brill. pp. 279–281. 9167:

The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,

8837:

For translation, see "Translation and the Qur'an," by Afnan Fatani, pp. 657–69.

7412: 7400: 6590: 6369: 6262:, which remained authoritative in Europe for close to a century, until Cairo's 6241: 6214: 6209:

Printed copies of the Quran during this period met with strong opposition from

6179: 6160: 5998: 5951:) were introduced into the text of the Qur'an during the lifetimes of the last 5765: 5689: 5466: 5373: 5191: 5024: 4953: 4763: 4399: 4391: 4265: 4224: 4096: 4083: 4041: 3986: 3600: 3581: 3335: 3331: 3196: 3110: 3056: 2995: 2949: 2937: 2852: 2639: 2572: 2373: 2263: 2243: 2220: 2104: 1891: 1844: 1840: 1832: 1461: 1202: 1176: 926:

appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a

888: 871: 775: 497: 413: 399: 384: 331: 311: 234: 19:

This article is about the central religious text of Islam. For other uses, see

18389: 15737: 15204:

Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales: The Medieval Latin Past of Wonderful Lies

15066: 14776: 13767: 12869: 11865:

Larkin, Margaret (1988). "The Inimitability of the Qur'an: Two Perspectives".

10845: 10407: 8657:, , Chapter 1. "The Initial Collection of the Qur'an Text", citing as-Suyuti, 4251: 1803:

state that, in the historical context, the content of the Quran is related to

1595: 1309:

The final verse of the Quran was revealed on the 18th of the Islamic month of

63: 21295: 21047: 21040: 21032: 21000: 20962: 20802: 20639: 20489: 20028: 19991: 19966: 19851: 19012: 18724: 18647: 18624: 18069: 17479: 17435: 17376: 17342: 17266: 17165: 17099: 16741: 16710: 16445: 16393: 15808:

Multilingual Quran (Arabic, English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian)

15648: 15547: 15336: 15082: 14605: 13964: 13934: 13495: 13197: 12791: 12231: 11530: 11283: 11247: 10613: 10378: 10325: 9786: 9554: 9452: 9114: 9035: 9008: 8831: 8824: 8792: 8755: 8570: 8442: 8180: 8007: 6728: 6598: 6594: 6506: 6400: 6228:

of Russia, sponsored a printing press for "Tatar and Turkish orthography" in

6199: 6141: 5980: 5942: 5900: 5824: 5746: 5591: 5534: 5386: 5309: 5263: 5147: 5131: 5119: 5081:, is the belief that the Quran should only be taken at its apparent meaning. 4462:

While standing in prayers, worshipers recite the first chapter of the Quran,

4348: 4344: 4285: 4161: 4066: 4026: 3570: 3463: 3320: 3204: 3076: 2952:, had a special edition published of his widely used textbook on Embryology ( 2836: 2672: 2397: 2348: 2291: 2283: 2188:

for Muslims who meet certain conditions, on a certain date determined by the

1958: 1907: 1875: 1867: 1710: 1641: 1636:—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established. 1482: 1310: 1190: 1172: 680: 667: 568: 434: 323: 77: 17797: 17403: 16571: 13888: 13861: 13415: 13164: 13055:. Islamic Ma'aref Foundation Institute. 1988. pp. 37–45. Archived from 12466:"Afghan Quran-burning protests: What's the right way to dispose of a Quran?" 11588: 10816: 10211: 9062: 3403: 3118: 588: 209: 21192: 21152: 21012: 20987: 20889: 20814: 20474: 20326: 20204: 19920: 19824: 19812: 19526: 19108: 18865: 18451: 18384: 18050: 18007: 17699: 17680: 17675: 17464: 17420: 16915: 16500: 16413: 16167: 16082: 16065: 15957: 15884: 15593: 15136: 14900: 14853: 14191: 12961: 11546: 10361:

Cases, Materials, and Commentary on the European Convention on Human Rights

9645:

https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/978528/1/Dudeck_MA_2014.pdf

9590: 8870: 8597: 8172: 6668: 6646: 6478: 6474: 6469:. The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in 6156: 5224: 5212: 5129:, (explanation) and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the 5082: 5040: 4552:

Other sections of the Quran of choice are also read in daily prayers. Sura

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as a hoax based on falsified data, misinterpretations of the Quran's text.

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to efforts to formulate systematic explanation of natural phenomenon with "

2818: 2650:

were sent down on earth, but the garden promised to believers after death.(

2647: 2624: 2590: 2554: 2229: 2091:

as a link in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in

1931: 1883: 1871: 1746: 1694: 1528: 1451: 876: 653: 563: 372:) by the companions, who had written down or memorized parts of it. Caliph 250: 17603: 17121: 16467: 13131:"Reappropriation: An Accommodationist Hermeneutic of Islamic Christianity" 13115: 13026: 11771: 10841:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Emryology with Islamic Additions

10448:"The Apocalypse in the Teachings of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi - Risale-i Nur" 10317: 9573:"Surah 22 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9572: 8417:"Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" 7013:. For example, the pronunciation in Egypt is and in Central East Arabia . 6145:

Quran divided into six books, published by Dar Ibn Kathir, Damascus-Beirut

5525:

offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of

5290:

with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Ismail Hakki Bursevi's (d. 1725) work

2457:, literally means purification implies that it is a self-purification. In 1705:, dating back to 1370 years earlier, was discovered in the library of the 989:

In other verses, the word refers to 'an individual passage recited '. Its

296:

Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic

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Latin script transliterated Qur'an. Hans Zirker. University of Frankfurt.

15172:

Watson, William J. (1968). "İbrāhīm Müteferriḳa and Turkish Incunabula".

14910:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

13520: 12771: 12417: 12008: 11964: 10705: 10636:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

8841: 8817:

For God in the Quran (Allah), see "Allah", by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 33–40.

8577: 8433: 8416: 8393: 7943: 6660: 6396: 6349: 6309: 5769: 5753: 5538: 5413: 5377: 5313: 5287: 5205:

says that according to the popular explanation among later commentators,

5171: 5070: 4754: 4730: 4710: 4687: 4675: 3964: 3922: 3846: 3528: 3068: 2917: 2898: 2840:

causing them to believe that scientific truths must appear in the Quran.

2696: 2616: 2612: 2578: 2153: 1903: 1855: 1620: 1588:, it seemed impossible to conduct studies on the Qur'an that went beyond 1261: 927: 420: 16994: 16796: 16223: 14676: 14568: 12783: 12603: 12041: 11884: 11433: 10824: 10516: 10030: 9757: 9542: 9482: 8147: 7841: 7816: 7800: 7788: 6372:, may have led to the conception that the Christian Gospel is one text. 5934:. Another study suggests that this manuscript bears the vocalization of 5175: 4621: 4602: 3101: 2258: 2252: 2062: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1237:, later placed 96th in the Quranic regulations, in current writing style 408: 21273: 21072: 20744: 19841: 19816: 18827: 18707: 18611: 18602: 18186: 17833: 17786: 17670: 17351: 17104: 16177: 14639: 14403: 13160: 12354:

Pendulum: How Past Generations Shape Our Present and Predict Our Future

12004: 11519:

Arberry, A.J (1955). The Koran: Interpreted. New York: Macmillan. pp. x

9555:"Surah 38 Sad (The letter Saad). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9438: 8942: 8092: 8080: 7828: 7696:

Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis

6740: 6708: 6654: 6618: 6393: 6289: 6237: 6075: 5843: 5816: 5757: 5340: 5297: 5259: 5255: 5111: 5107: 5016: 4967: 4796: 4458: 4429:

according to the personal scientific depth and tendencies of scholars.

4334: 4273: 3969: 3577: 3491: 3200: 3176: 3170: 3029: 2929: 2894: 2832: 2684: 2535: 2295: 2161: 2137:. The Quran consistently refers to Islam as "the Religion of Abraham" ( 2108: 2049: 1976: 1970: 1965: 1895: 1676: 1633: 1488: 1375: 1355: 1324:

According to Islamic tradition, the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad in

1314: 1132: 704: 675: 388: 307: 213: 197: 19123: 16883: 16844: 16184: 16007: 15717: 15193: 12814: 11419: 11006:

National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45.

10588:"The QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED) CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10460:

Here he identifies the antichrist, the "fearsome individual named the

10301: 7881: 6437: 6312:, a dualistic religion believing in two eternal forces, on the Quran. 6152:

of extracts from the Quran is on record as early as the 10th century.

5233: 5219:, and a Qur'anic story have a real meaning (beyond the obvious ones). 4535: 2497:

Research shows that the rituals in the Quran, along with laws such as

2236:

and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other

21223: 21209: 20459: 19890: 19705: 19386: 19376: 19064: 18516: 18327: 18253: 18099: 17887: 17756: 17457: 17441: 16786: 16433: 16121: 16070: 15934: 15390: 13305: 12206:"ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10102: 9856:"Myths from Mesopotamia – Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others" 6486: 6174:. The first complete Quran printed with movable type was produced in 5725: 5619: 5434: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5245: 5196: 4989: 4979: 4792: 4636:

In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology,

4463: 4444: 4375: 4323: 3868: 3532: 3516: 3300: 3060: 3037: 3024: 2966: 2848: 2754: 2719: 2530: 2475: 2416: 2381: 2344: 2336: 2118: 1879: 1779: 1664: 1385: 1282: 1249: 428: 403: 19081: 15757:

Several digitised Qurans in the Cambridge University Digital Library

15113:

The Qur'an in Islam: Its Impact and Influence on the Life of Muslims

14468:

Griffith, Signey (2008). "Christian Lore and the Arabic Qur'an". In

14269:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

13997:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

8934: 8456: 4515:

In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

3075:, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the 2319:) besides trusting in God. This is the main theme in the stories of 2195: 1473: 21066: 20792: 20298: 20156: 20108: 19902: 19856: 19820: 19545: 19288: 19128: 19113: 18402: 18084: 17924: 17913: 17906: 17695: 17543: 17522: 17150: 17044: 16969: 16644: 16309: 16271: 16077: 15185: 14985: 14558:

3:3 نزل عليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه وانزل التوراة والانجيل

14420: 14033:

The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112 : Masrah Mawlid

13130: 12390: 12205: 11411: 10895: 10587: 8908: 8820:

For eschatology, see "Eschatology," by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 194–99.

6614: 6127: 6004: 5896: 5796: 5693: 5583: 5470: 5455: 5381: 5369: 5152: 5090: 4909: 4884: 4557: 4481: 4448: 4426: 4407: 4178: 4146: 3860: 3794: 3524: 3479: 3459: 3431: 3411: 3402:(both eloquence and rhetoric) is the doctrine which holds that the 3399: 3371: 3188: 2971: 2925: 2843: 2746: 2731: 2692: 2518: 2401: 2370: 2366: 2232:

and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with

2207: 2173: 2092: 2068: 1953: 1863: 1804: 1763: 1714: 1647: 1581: 1389: 1306:—they take it to indicate unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts. 1230: 1206: 1193:

and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his

853: 818: 487: 460: 362: 304: 289:. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as 246: 81: 12866:

Tafseer Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11822:"THE QURANIC PROPHECY OF THE DEFEAT AND VICTORY OF THE BYZANTINES" 9836:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

9781: 9769: 9265:

Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia

8718: 7980:

Richard Bell (Revised and Enlarged by W. Montgomery Watt) (1970).

3398:), "inimitability challenge" of the Qur'an in sense of feṣāḥa and 3252:. The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, 3195:

or for the names or content of the respective suras. According to

3018: 3016:

The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, known as a

2794:) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ( 2514: 1539:" and the change was a result of the "rise to power of the Sunni ' 1160: 21103: 20807: 20413: 20101: 19981: 19873: 19866: 19861: 19603: 19354: 19149: 18653: 18466: 18423: 18352: 18347: 18284: 18219: 18205: 18107: 17762: 17751: 17550: 17513: 17243: 17187: 17093: 16704: 16676: 16529: 16487: 16403: 16340: 16291: 16212: 15807: 15438:

Qurʼānic Christians: an analysis of classical and modern exegesis

14380:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

13653:"Best Quran Recitation Competition for Students Planned in Egypt" 13023:

Tafsir Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11049:

Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition

10721:"Split Moon image goes viral on WhatsApp; Fact Check | Digit Eye" 10469: 10461: 9937: 9754: 8525:"Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510" 7057: 6550: 6522: 6514: 6490: 6470: 6259: 6195: 6149: 6016: 5872: 5848: 5773: 5733: 5721: 5354: 5344: 5282: 5074: 5009: 4997: 4695: 4423: 4293: 4011: 3688: 3536: 3487: 3425: 3407: 3312: 3293: 3212: 3141: 3082: 2979: 2933: 2921: 2813: 2742: 2738: 2715: 2711: 2688: 2651: 2582: 2539: 2479: 2467: 2444: 2440: 2412: 2271: 2247: 2237: 2126: 2096: 2088: 2048:

In Islam, God speaks to people called prophets through a kind of

2026:

that have changed and developed throughout history regarding his

2007: 1690: 1600: 1532: 1478: 1335: 1234: 1198: 1194: 1084:('wisdom'), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it. 1011: 990: 692: 582: 454: 346: 242: 153: 15278:

The heart of the Qurʼan: an introduction to Islamic spirituality

13289:"The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran" 12948:

as a Mirror: al-Qushayri the murshid in his Lataif al-isharat".

10258:"Sperm stealing: a moral crime by three of David's ancestresses" 9981:(Online-Ausg. ed.). Macmillan Reference. pp. 568–562. 9809:(Repr. ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 184. 9728:

Abraham's children: Jews, Christians and Muslims in conversation

8586:

For literary structure, see "Language," by Mustansir Mir, p. 93.

7030: 6883: 5145:

interpretation relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (

3011: 1827:

and many nations in their historical neighbourhoods, especially

1550:

Other personal copies of the Quran might have existed including

1431:), requested the standard copy from her. According to historian 577: 275: 167: 21135: 21123: 21060: 20980: 20331: 20305: 20264: 20225: 20142: 20055: 19976: 19831: 19777: 19772: 19539: 19463: 19397: 19272: 19144: 19059: 18978: 18920: 18736: 18730: 18436: 18262: 18247: 18044: 17996: 17933: 17901: 17814: 17724: 17659: 17555: 17303: 17284: 17179: 17145: 16790: 16759: 16736: 16607: 16515: 16407: 16279: 16115: 16058: 16038: 15980: 15967: 15952: 12923:(1. publ., transferred to digital print. ed.). Routledge. 11907:"The Origins of the Koran: Classic Essays on Islam's Holy Book" 10465: 10226: 6745: 6558: 6554: 6449: 6293: 6175: 5917:(d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, 5884: 5716: 5709: 5671: 5487: 5425: 5417: 5385:

contain reflections and even distortions caused by the region,

5163: 5142: 5086: 5078: 5001: 4963: 4958: 4917: 4860: 4656: 4641: 4415: 4379: 4031: 4021: 3810: 3778: 3770: 3755: 3749: 3633: 3555:

lists the factors that led to the emergence of the doctrine of

3520: 3451: 3254: 3183: 3164: 2798: 2791: 2780: 2776: 2750: 2586: 2429: 2385: 2377: 2324: 2316: 2303: 2185: 2122: 2019: 1935: 1915: 1767: 1585: 1520: 1447: 1421: 1181: 1079: 1063: 1000: 993:

context is seen in a number of passages, for example: "So when

752: 687: 446: 424: 373: 310:

incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the

286: 18144:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 13281: 12391:"Book 26, Hadith 1 Chapter: Regarding the virtue of knowledge" 12350: 10881:

Joseph Needham, revised with the assistance of Arthur Hughes,

5658:

Title page of the first German translation (1772) of the Quran

4447:, the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in full in every 1948:

in various verses without referring to the terms to prove the

962: 463:, or commentary rather than a direct translation of the text. 21006: 20968: 20580: 20405: 20359: 20347: 20149: 20135: 20094: 19624: 19610: 19531: 19494: 19318: 18973: 18950: 18718: 18712: 18682: 18364: 18266: 18089: 18062: 18038: 17948: 17819: 17731: 17503: 17452: 17415: 17321: 17039: 17022: 16751: 16694: 16666: 16589: 16575: 16560: 16536: 16510: 16477: 16455: 16427: 16351: 16321: 16314: 16305: 16296: 16145: 16103: 15898: 15783: 15773: 14714: 10473: 10263: 9792: 8737: 8035:

Ulum al-Qur'an: an introduction to the sciences of the Qur an

7713: 7246: 7036: 6941: 6889: 6846: 6803: 6582: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6546: 6530: 6526: 6498: 6482: 6445: 6444:

The Quran attributes its relationship with former books (the

6412: 6379: 6332: 6210: 6203: 5991: 5914: 5905: 5892: 5880: 5820: 5729: 5697: 5518: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5393: 5392:

Islamic tradition also holds that translations were made for

5288:

God's manifestation through and in the physical world notions

5280:(d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book 4812: 4738: 4734: 4630: 4452: 4438: 4367: 4363: 4316: 4289: 4281: 4173: 4051: 3700: 3693: 3616: 3608: 3566: 3475: 3381: 3346: 3289: 3222:) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. A 3158: 2941: 2856: 2822: 2789:

And follow not that of which you have not the knowledge of...

2723: 2703:

applied to some ayah/hadith fragments in his own prophecies.

2700: 2676: 2566: 2543: 2522: 2502: 2498: 2487: 2483: 2471: 2453: 2435: 2356: 2340: 2320: 2299: 2287: 2275: 2203: 2199: 2181: 2146: 2134: 2130: 2113: 2081: 2057: 1887: 1859: 1783: 1771: 1758: 1668: 1655:. Possibly the oldest, best preserved and most comprehensive 1536: 1371: 1339: 1325: 1214: 1210: 1071: 1004: 699: 553: 335: 266: 262: 255: 238: 140: 104: 15377: 12556:"Are the verses of the Qur'an Abrogated and/or Substituted?" 10844:. Abul Qasim Publishing House (Saudi Arabia). Archived from 10088:. 2002, Bd. 26, S. 429.; Yüksel; al-Shaiban; Schulte-Nafeh: 9726:. In Solomon, Norman; Harries, Richard; Winter, Tim (eds.). 9383:

Maqrīzī, Aḥmad Ibn-ʿAlī al-; Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (2018).

9138:"A Find in Britain: Quran Fragments Perhaps as Old as Islam" 8869:

Egypt's culture wars: politics and practice – Page 278

8672:"Noorullah Website - Is the Qur'an Corrupted? Shi'ites View" 8511:

were written in one place between "The Heights" and "Jonah."

6024:

was in very widespread use. In North Africa and Iberia, the

5909:. Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by 2708:

the nature, structure and dimensions of the celestial bodies

20246: 20218: 20168: 20115: 20060: 19631: 19118: 19042: 18673: 18456: 18129: 17918: 17808: 17792: 17337: 17049: 16755: 16714: 16585: 16540: 16397: 16246: 16150: 14214:"The Quran in East and West: Manuscripts and Printed Books" 12152: 11929: 11550:

An account of the Rise and Progress of Mohammadanism (1911)

10894:

Non-Muslim scientists have also found the case for Quranic

6863: 6794: 6621:, Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at 6502: 6494: 5935: 5910: 5888: 5865: 5634:

The first printed Quran in a European vernacular language:

5618:

Arabic Quran with interlinear Persian translation from the

5421: 5362: 5277: 4913: 4645: 4626: 4383: 4371: 4284:, and the reading begins by mentioning the names of Allah, 3802: 3710: 3471: 3467: 3230: 2865: 2660: 2620: 2510: 2491: 2462: 2458: 2448: 2332: 2053: 1775: 1628: 1609: 1502: 1443: 1218: 1055: 1037: 1029: 14160:

Nuovo, Angela (1990). "A Lost Arabic Koran Rediscovered".

12519: 6932: 6613:

developed rapidly into an art form. The Arabic grammarian

5586:

translation of the Quran Sharif has been found in village

4378:

thinking that the Quran is a complete and clear book; and

4280:

is performed, one seeks refuge in Allah from the accursed

3051: 2103:, more often than any other biblical personage apart from 1420:

was entrusted with the manuscript until the third caliph,

1319:

the Prophet finished delivering his sermon at Ghadir Khumm

19308: 18702: 18484: 15888: 15671: 14866:

Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies

14540: 14523:

What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary

13357:"More than 300 publishers visit Quran exhibition in Iran" 13074:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 363–373. 12898:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 350–362. 10472:; ... The true, a-historical Christianity (symbolized by 10289:

Translation of the Holy Quran: A Call for Standardization

9425:

Arabian ruler can be traced in many early Arabic sources.

9115:"'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University" 8589:

For writing and printing, see "Written Transmission", by

8285:"What Is Ahruf And Qirat? | A Full Guide - Ulum Al Azhar" 6912: 6826: 6043:

In the beginning, the Quran was not written with dots or

5925:(Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard 5575: 5358: 5232:) would not violate the following statement in the Quran 4996:; The high class scholars in Iran who have the authority 4993: 4921: 4255:

Talismanic tunic, North India-Deccan, Metropolitan Museum

3284: 2018:

Even though Muslims do not doubt about the existence and

15778: 14642:; Mir, Mustansir (2002). "Literature and the Quran". In 14060:. In Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). 12706: 12418:"Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)" 11535:

Leaman, Oliver (2006). The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia.p.404

9511: 8830:

For calligraphy, see by "Calligraphy and the Qur'an" by

8012:(Reprint. ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 32. 7926:

Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths

7245:

The first of those to collect the Qur'an into a mushaf (

2706:

In the apocalyptic scenes, clues are included regarding

2664:'the Day of the Gathering' or 'the Day of the Meeting'. 2302:, will pray behind him and then kill the False Messiah ( 1823:. Many places, subjects and mythological figures in the 15051:(August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". 14864:. London: Kegan Paul International in association with 13678:(New ed.). Cairo : American Univ. in Cairo Press. 13196:

Fatani, Afnan (2006), "Translation and the Qur'an", in

11904: 11351:"Editor's Introduction: By What Measure Shall We Mete?" 11196:"Appendix 1, One of the Great Miracles [74:35]" 9048: 9021: 8844:, pp. 71–81; and "Reading", by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 8620: 6368:. One scholar has suggested that the Diatessaron, as a 5978:

and copyists. The earliest manuscripts were written in

5945:

vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds (

4873:

The Quran has sparked much commentary and explication (

3507:

of the Quran began to appear in the 9th century in the

3181:. The original significance of the letters is unknown. 1874:("the man with two horns") who built a barrier against 1334:

are the same Qur'an revealed in seven different Arabic

1225: 17979:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 15528:

Literary Structures of Religious Meaning in the Qur'ān

14715:

Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin;

14019: 14017: 13439:"Gurmukhi translation of Quran traced to Moga village" 11740:

Syukron, Ahmad; Khairiyah, Nikmatul (31 August 2024).

10357:

Refah Partİsİ (The Welfare Party) And Others V. Turkey

9487: 8576:

For the history of compilation see "Introduction," by

8008:

P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis (1970).

6244:

between 1875 and 1877 as a two-volume set, during the

3578:

claim that the Quran was encrypted using the number 19

2891:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

2767:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

1847:

etc. However, some philosophers and scholars such as

968: 15797: 15738:

The British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts – Islam

15207:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 13102:

Reconsidered: Exploring the Development of a Genre".

11554:

A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic (2002)

10919: 10377:

Buck C (2006). "Discovering (final destination)". In

10284: 10282: 9382: 8497: 7198:) mankind on the basis of the Book sent down to him." 7049: 7039: 7027: 6944: 6929: 6915: 6892: 6880: 6860: 6843: 6829: 6806: 6791: 6625:, and Mustansir Mir, Professor of Islamic studies at 6322: 5236:;"none knows its interpretation (ta'wil) except God" 1627:

here was a very early attempt to establish a uniform

1535:

author "to adopt a position identical to that of the

439:. Ideally, verses are recited with a special kind of 18677:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 15802: 15397:. transl. J. Cooper (ed.). Oxford University Press. 14324:

Dorn (2002). "Chronologisches Verzeichnis, 371". In

12717:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewman_in_Meri2006 (

12344: 11082: 10962: 9499: 9336: 7193: 7187: 7083: 6935: 6909: 6823: 6800: 6636: 6609:

After the Quran, and the general rise of Islam, the

6213:: printing anything in Arabic was prohibited in the 6034:

script which was used solely in the north of India.

5801: 5787: 5740: 5343:

Muslim girls reciting the Quran placed atop folding

5291: 5271: 5249: 5206: 5156: 5124: 4899: 4893: 4874: 4661: 4649: 4306: 3556: 3502: 3450:. The emergence of the Qur’ān was an oral and aural 3423: 3385: 3357: 3351: 3339: 3265: 3259: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3223: 3217: 3152: 3130: 2954:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

2570: 1510: 1496: 1465: 1455: 1411: 1349: 1343: 1329: 1301: 1276: 1241: 1130: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1077: 1061: 1053: 1047: 1035: 1027: 1021: 452: 444: 432: 273: 260: 53: 14014: 13943:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. pp. 172–87. 13750:Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the 13541:"The Great Imām of Qirā'ah: Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari" 12514: 12512: 12488:

Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives

12171: 11913:. Summarised by Sharon Morad, Leeds. Archived from 10944:"Beyond Bucailleism: Science, Scriptures and Faith" 10885:(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1959), p.82 10865: 10863: 9318:

https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/194df3cf9e25bbef

8976:Gilliot, C. (2006). "Creation of a fixed text". In 8542: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8467: 8388: 8386: 8195:"The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an" 8065:. University of Southern California. Archived from 7725:

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion

7033: 6938: 6906: 6886: 6820: 6797: 6585:are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see 4588:

Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ "He is God—One ˹and Indivisible˺;

3446:The Quran is widely regarded as the finest work in 3191:) has interpreted them as abbreviations for either 2176:describing "sacrific animalistic nature", Orthodox 1741:

List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran

1680: 1607:, one of the oldest surviving copies of the Qur'an 383:) established a standard version, now known as the 15847: 15476:Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation 15110: 14824: 13963: 13490: 13488: 13375: 13373: 12921:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an in classical Islam 10579: 10279: 10126: 9523: 8796: 8037:(Repr. ed.). Islamic Foundation. p. 37. 7560: 7526: 7447: 4305:According to Islam, the Quran is the word of God ( 2419:, verse 185) from a Quran manuscript dated to 1510 1438:Around the 650s, The Islamic expansion beyond the 15767: 14650:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. pp. 213, 216. 13900: 13898: 11765: 11763: 11258:, vol. 3, Leiden: Brill, pp. 192, 204, 11108: 10238: 10181:Nomani, Asra Q.; Arafa, Hala (21 December 2015). 10043:Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857–1964 9889:"Dyed in Virtue: The Qur'ān and Plato's Republic" 7186:, the verses pertaining to the usage of the word 5792:is at a slower pace, used for study and practice. 5752:The recitations of a few Egyptian reciters, like 5428:languages. The first translator of the Quran was 2561:in the Bible conveyed from any source are called 2517:) and charity (zakāt) can be seen in pre-Islamic 1796:. Oil on canvas painting by Edward Poynter, 1890. 1087:The Quran describes itself as 'the discernment' ( 1060:('revelation'), that which has been "sent down" ( 357:." According to tradition, several of Muhammad's 21293: 18287:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 16875:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 15721:, published by King Fahd Qur'an Printing Complex 15393:(1987) . "Jāmiʻ al-bayān ʻan taʼwīl al-qurʼān". 15302:(Second ed.). University Of Chicago Press. 14243:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 14218:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 13925: 13923: 13805: 13532: 12980:"The Principles of Interpretation of the Qur'an" 12509: 12080: 11739: 10860: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10491:"Hurufilik Akımının Kur'an Ayetlerini İstismarı" 9913:The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works 9341:(usually identified with Alexander the Great) ". 8479: 8383: 7500: 6236:. The first edition printed in Iran appeared in 2474:as fard. However, some religious groups such as 15676:(First ed.). Center for Islamic Sciences. 14176: 14131:"Saudi Aramco World: East Meets West in Venice" 13485: 13228:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED613311.pdf 13191: 13189: 13187: 13009: 13007: 13005: 11398:(Winter 1983–1984). "The Apocalypse of Islam". 11223:The Qur'an's Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy 10633: 9975:Esack, Farid (2003). Martin, Richard C. (ed.). 9180:"New Light on the History of the Quranic Text?" 8311:"Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran" 7559: 7525: 6973:varies regionally. The first vowel varies from 6206:in 1698 with Latin translation and commentary. 6198:in 1694, and the edition by the Italian priest 4678:and specifically the so-called Quranic arts of 4564:is equivalent to one-third of the whole Quran. 4519:The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, 2982:, the origin and history of the Earth, and the 1794:The Visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon 1361: 15784:Quran Archive – Texts and Studies on the Quran 13967:; Street, Tony; Johns, Anthony Hearle (1997). 13895: 13049:"The Qur'an Possesses Revelation and Exegesis" 12937: 12889: 12887: 12862:"The Outward and Inward Aspects of the Qur'an" 12754: 12752: 12750: 12712: 12305:A student's approach to world religions: Islam 12197: 12051: 12049: 12030:. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 127–35. 11989:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 137, 138, 141, 147. 11760: 11675: 11373: 11310: 11290:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 93. 11174:. University of California Press. p. 81. 11121: 11119: 10387:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 30. 10056:"Ek 15 – Dini Görevler: Tanrı'dan Bir Armağan" 9350: 8957:Which Koran? Variants, Manuscript, Linguistics 8876: 8637: 8635: 8257:"Qira't and the 7 Ahruf: All You Need To Know" 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7631: 5491:of the Quran in Persian. In the 12th century, 3422:Anonymous painting, taken from a 16th-century 3410:and its inimitability is the proof granted to 1900:tales of the hebrew prophets accepted in Islam 20926: 19479: 15833: 15633:(First ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. 15499: 15478:(Reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. 15455:Siljander, Mark D.; Mann, John David (2008). 15454: 15343:(Book & CD ed.). White Cloud Press. 15341:Approaching the Qur'ān: The Early Revelations 14744:. In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). 13920: 13780: 13625:In Music and Play of Power in the Middle East 12076:. Chicago IL: Iqra' Book Center. p. vii. 12065: 11595: 10767: 10670: 10668: 9353:Khwadāynāmag The Middle Persian Book of Kings 9231: 9229: 8404:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–33. 7916: 7914: 7872: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7746: 6392:. A common folktale finds its place in the 6040:style was also rarely used in Persian world. 5225:human qualities which are attributed to Allah 5195:An early interpretation format of the Quran, 4232: 3490:statements about the Quran hadn't focused on 2687:interpreted the expressions in the Quran and 2494:) to be fulfilled and others say simply not. 1068:) at intervals. Other related words include: 896: 15947:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 15054:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14765:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14746:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 14352: 13382:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 13184: 13002: 12271: 12245: 12112: 12015: 11938:"Calgary police nab suspect in imam killing" 11789:"WAR AND PEACE IN PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIC POETRY" 11703: 11701: 11106: 11100: 10796: 10133:. Georgetown University Press. p. 118. 10041:Zum Beispiel Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Vgl. Ahmad: 9970: 9968: 9135: 8920: 8918: 8840:For recitation, see "Art and the Qur'an" by 7892: 7853: 7074: 7061: 5776:. Today, crowds fill auditoriums for public 5749:and Tuhfat al-Atfal by Sulayman al-Jamzuri. 5635: 5526: 5473:(961–976), ordered a group of scholars from 5239: 5008:, Ayatollah, Ayatollah Al-Uzma and gained 4592:He has never had offspring, nor was He born. 4523:It is You we worship and You we ask for help 3535:, concision, clarity of speech (bayān), and 3146: 3087: 3032:is 6,236; however, the number varies if the 2309: 1870:according to the Quran) and mysterious hero 949: 188: 14614:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 40. 14332:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 251. 13070:Mojaddedi, Jawid (2008). "No title given". 13063: 13041: 12968: 12884: 12747: 12538:"How can there be abrogation in the Quran?" 12096: 12046: 11911:The Christian response to the Muslim debate 11138:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 472. 11116: 11045: 10662:, Random House: 2005, pp. 20–21. 10180: 9077: 8883:Donner, "Quran in Recent Scholarship", 2008 8768:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, p.24-26-27 8693:. London,UK: Fountain Books. pp. 5, 7. 8632: 7686: 7096: 6597:is mentioned in the Quran more than in the 6308:, some scholars also suspect influences by 5899:. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose 5123:('outward aspects') of the text are called 5010:tutelage over people and the administration 3099:in the Quran, due to its presence in Quran 20940: 20933: 20919: 19486: 19472: 18305:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 17619:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 17421:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 16799:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 15840: 15826: 15604: 15200: 14546: 14311:A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire 13564: 13378:Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power 13093: 13091: 12974: 12856: 12670:"The Hadith Book (48. Witnesses): nr. 819" 12022:Jenssen, H. (2001). "Arabic Language". In 11661:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11570: 11568: 11527:Armstrong, K (1994). A History of God.p.78 11394: 11250:(2002), "Literary Structure of Quran", in 10902:"Islamic embryology: overblown balderdash" 10831: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10678:. CastRoller. 11 July 2014. Archived from 10665: 10423:Understanding the Qur'an: themes and style 10174: 9978:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world 9798: 9717: 9715: 9450: 9288: 9282: 9238:"What do we actually know about Mohammed?" 9226: 8777:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, pp.20, 24 8360: 8358: 8356: 7911: 7743: 7330:Göttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen 7161:. The adjectives vary as well and include 6465:) the Quran's language was similar to the 5050: 4779:Quran page decoration art, Ottoman period. 4239: 4225: 3022:. Each sūrah consists of verses, known as 2549:Although it is believed in Islam that the 2509:rituals. Arabic words meaning pilgrimage ( 2343:, the person who avoids searching for the 903: 889: 353:to fiercely debate whether the Quran was " 62: 21027:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 16166: 15673:The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 15623: 15568: 15474:Stowasser, Barbara Freyer (1 June 1996). 15473: 15432: 15389: 15378:Traditional Quranic commentaries (tafsir) 15131: 15105: 15007:Islam: Religion, History and Civilization 14795:(2013). "Gog and Magog". In Fleet, Kate; 14674: 14579: 14377: 13904: 13743: 13712:"Recitation," by Anna M. Gade, pp. 481–93 13618: 13408:"Al-i-Imran (The Family of Imran) Part 1" 13315:, (Cairo: Matba'at at-Tadamun n.d.), 380. 13069: 12623: 12351:Roy H. Williams; Michael R. Drew (2012). 12221: 12071: 11819: 11698: 11678:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 11507: 10983:"RE: Number of Unique Words in the Quran" 10603: 10545:. Oriental Institute Barods. 2 June 2024. 10232: 10086:Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi 10000: 9998: 9965: 9412:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 97–98. 9328: 9108: 9106: 8984:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 8915: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8697: 8682: 8614:"Zayd ibn Thabit and the Glorious Qur'an" 8559: 8557: 8516: 8490: 8432: 8408: 8315:Rizqan Kareem - Most Excellent Sustenance 8283:Academy, Ulum Al-Azhar (13 August 2024). 7954: 7634:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7613: 7587: 7553: 7519: 5837:Page of the Quran with vocalization marks 5517:, was the first into a Western language ( 4517:praise is to Allah, Lord of the worlds — 2975:, or easily explained by "common sense". 2796:Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 1685:) is still barely visible. Studies using 957:) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The 416:of an event over its narrative sequence. 15718:Journal of Qur'anic Research and Studies 15521: 15440:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 15316: 15234: 15174:Journal of the American Oriental Society 14926: 14907: 14604: 14467: 14308: 14023: 13749: 13727:Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts 13641:on 19 May 2020 – via pdfslide.net. 13587: 13206:, New York: Routledge, pp. 657–69, 12912: 12769: 12317: 12203: 12125:. Oxford University Press. p. 192. 11935: 11786: 11707: 11676:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 11348: 11246: 11015: 10585: 9517: 9493: 9351:Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (17 April 2018). 9203: 9201: 9015: 8924: 8708:. London,UK: Fountain Books. p. 29. 7886: 7660: 7632:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 7618:. Edinburgh: Penguin books. p. 74. 6493:), although it differs in many details. 6374: 6140: 6030:style was popular. More distinct is the 5832: 5683: 5674:in this Chinese translation of the Quran 5335: 5190: 4984: 4502:إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ 4469: 4457: 4250: 3591: 3417: 3283: 3050: 2842: 2760: 2753:have come from foreign cultures through 2714:1-5) or (shahap; meteor, burning fire) ( 2667:"Signs of the hour" in the Quran are a " 2629: 2569:) could only be "abrogated provisions" ( 2406: 2274:6, while he is a harbinger of Muhammad, 2194: 2160:by surrendering in line with his dream,( 2006: 1788: 1646: 1594: 1472: 1224: 1020:in certain contexts. Such terms include 915: 15762:2017-232-1 al-Qurʼān. / القرآن at OPenn 15256: 14638: 14516: 14262: 13993: 13929: 13841: 13799: 13774: 13667: 13619:Frishkopf, Michael (28 December 2009). 13539:Thānawi, Qāri Izhār (21 January 2019). 13538: 13469: 13374:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). 13361:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 13088: 12812: 12617:التهذيب والترتيب الاتقان في علوم القرآن 12500: 12407:, Oxford University Press, 2015, pg. 90 12405:Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction 12323: 12118: 12021: 11858: 11772:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367344092-6 11633: 11574: 11565: 10936: 10734: 10549: 10413: 10147: 9807:Ethico-religious concepts in the Qur'an 9712: 9601: 9461:. New York: Routledge. pp. 33–40. 9169:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. 9155: 9042: 8975: 8703: 8688: 8353: 8282: 8225: 8158: 8032: 8026: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7893:Sandıkcı, Özlem; Rice, Gillian (2011). 7692: 7471: 7469: 5958: 5806:reciter seeks to involve the listeners. 5498:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 5065:Shias and Sunnis as well as some other 3547:('the Arguments of Inimitability') and 3090:بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3001: 2363:Commanding ma’ruf and forbidding munkar 2233: 2011:A 12th-century Quran manuscript at the 285:, and has significantly influenced the 21294: 17129:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 17015:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 16819: 15712:School of Oriental and African Studies 15647: 15600:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 107–11. 15546: 15507:(First ed.). UK Islamic Academy. 15294: 15171: 15157:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 15081: 15047: 14852: 14739: 14292: 14153: 13847: 13698: 13673: 13645: 13612: 13581: 13558: 13526:"Reading," by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 13494: 13195: 13153: 13128: 12943: 12894:Godlas, Alan (2008). "No tile given". 12893: 12758: 12482: 12377: 12251: 12177: 12153:Mir Sajjad Ali; Zainab Rahman (2010). 11978: 11905:Warraq I, et al. Warraq I (ed.). 11864: 11478: 11342: 11330: 11125: 10899: 10898:explanation about embryology lacking. 10802: 10747: 10712: 10419: 10299: 10153: 10120: 9995: 9909: 9804: 9721: 9690:Ltd, Hymns Ancient Modern (May 1996). 9607: 9505: 9103: 9083: 8894: 8791: 8780: 8641: 8563: 8554: 8522: 8392: 8059:"Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Book 1" 8003: 8001: 7920: 7854:Jaffer, Abbas; Jaffer, Masuma (2009). 7847: 7209:Hadith studies#Evaluating authenticity 5703: 5553:, The Clear Quran by Mustafa Khattab, 5031:. More modern works of Tafsir include 4974:, many Judeo-Christian stories called 4815:, which became common under the early 4791:Quranic verses, Shahizinda mausoleum, 4594:And there is none comparable to Him." 4494:بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3462:socially honored, as could be seen on 3228:is sometimes further divided into two 2158:Abraham's attempt to sacrifice his son 1782:, especially in the verses related to 1185:(traditions ascribed to Muhammad) and 271:) which consist of individual verses ( 20914: 20666: 20434: 20050: 19467: 18897: 18485:Events, incidents, occasions or times 18483: 17872: 17208: 16864:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 16818: 16592:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 16373: 15873: 15860: 15821: 15731: 15669: 15493: 15411: 15335: 15275: 15228: 15088:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 14950: 14762: 14695: 14416:"Apple takes down Quran app in China" 14296: 14159: 14055: 13940:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 13868: 13729:. Lexington Books. pp. 109–111. 13724: 13159: 13129:Miller, Duane Alexander (June 2009). 13097: 13072:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 13013: 12918: 12896:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 12629: 11828:from the original on 21 February 2024 11379: 11288:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 11240: 11166: 11088: 10837: 10718: 10543:"The Foreign Vocabulary of the Quran" 10384:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 9974: 9838:, Oxford, revised edition 2000, p. 2 9529: 9451:Saritoprak, Zeki (2006). "Allah". In 9407: 9261: 9255: 9235: 9207: 9198: 8982:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8596:For recitation, see "Recitation," by 8402:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8396:(2006). "The historical context". In 8364: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8199:Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 7089: 6989:, while the second vowel varies from 6462:The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran 5594:of Punjab which was printed in 1911. 5507:'s 1143 translation of the Quran for 4496:ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ 2722:1-7) Then a square is set up and the 1558:'s codex, none of which exist today. 20435: 20051: 18816:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 17295:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 15798:Tanzil – Online Quran Navigator 15691: 15592: 15357: 15024: 15000: 14971: 14954:Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now 14882: 14827:The Koran; A Very Short Introduction 14819: 14791: 14698:An Introduction to Arabic literature 14474:The Qurʼān in its Historical Context 14323: 14117: 14070:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 14035:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 803. 13874: 11936:Massinon, Stephane (30 April 2009). 11820:EL-AWAISI, Khalid (31 August 2024). 11610: 11444: 11406:(8). Duke University Press: 155–71. 11311:Rosenthal, Herman; Waldstein, A. S. 10968: 10790: 10778: 10376: 10244: 10009:(Second ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 10004: 9886: 9332: 9112: 8988: 8626: 8548: 8473: 8415:Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). 8103: 7960: 7776: 7581:participating institution membership 7547:participating institution membership 7466: 5057:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran 4694:and single pages of calligraphy for 4566: 4487: 3519:contained in the Quran consisted of 1778:refers to the efforts to expand the 1703:a single folio of a very early Quran 1663:In 1972, in a mosque in the city of 1561: 969: 423:in most denominations of Islam, are 391:, with some differences in meaning. 259:). It is organized in 114 chapters ( 15670:Iqbal M, et al., eds. (2013). 15238:; Watt, William Montgomery (1970). 14860:. Translated by Sherrard, Liadain; 13933:(2006). "Written Transmission". In 13436: 13326:"English Translations of the Quran" 13269:from the original on 22 August 2024 12430:from the original on 30 August 2024 12277: 12252:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 12157:. Kalpaz Publications. p. 21. 11855:Vgl. Neuwirth 177 und Grotzfeld 65. 11801:from the original on 30 August 2024 11787:FARRUGIA, MARISA (31 August 2024). 11748:from the original on 30 August 2024 11277: 11219: 11107: 11105:is the plural of a participle from 11101: 10948:Evidence for God's Unchanging World 10748:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 10634:Nidhal Guessoum (30 October 2010). 10293: 9893:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 9689: 8369:. Facts On File. pp. 570–574. 8226:Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal (2006). 8112:; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). 8063:Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement 7998: 7721:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon" 6699:Historical reliability of the Quran 6327:Some non-Muslim groups such as the 5810: 5783:There are two types of recitation: 5308:Reappropriation is the name of the 4579:وَلَمۡ یَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ 4521:Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. 4340:sign of the prophethood of Muhammad 3498:with mutual victories and defeats. 3395: 3147: 3127: 2869:(miracle) literature, also called " 2250:figure with his fatherless birth,( 2077: 1925: 1896:exodus of the Israelites from Egypt 1189:, after Muhammad and his followers 40: 13: 15554:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 15426: 15222: 14101:"Muslim Printing Before Gutenberg" 14058:"Amina bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif" 13973:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 170–74. 12827:10.1093/oso/9780190932886.001.0001 12676:from the original on 14 April 2015 12650:from the original on 16 March 2015 12633:Sayyid Qutb: A Study of His Tafsir 12614: 12576: 10497:from the original on 25 March 2020 10488: 10260:. Bible Review 17:1, February 2001 10156:"Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandment?" 9950:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 9805:Izutsu, Toshihiko (6 June 2007) . 9622:, Suhail Academy. pp. 18–19. 9408:Zadeh, Travis (28 February 2017). 8691:The Qur'an - When was it compiled? 8611: 8298: 8271: 8244: 8212: 8104:Buhl, Fr. (2012) . "Muhammad". In 6785:The English pronunciation varies: 6323:Relationship with other literature 5303: 5276:('the unveiling of the secrets'). 4590:God—the Sustainer ˹needed by all˺. 4504:ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ 3466:poets. The etymology of the word " 3440:miracles, in the traditional sense 3059:, one of the legendary figures in 2699:symbolizations and benefited from 2671:" will arise (27:82); the nations 2390:Enjoining good and forbidding evil 2234:his name being mentioned 136 times 1964:The central theme of the Quran is 1922:occupy a wide place in the Quran. 1454:, as well as the use of the seven 1052:), the word is referred to as the 1010:The term also has closely related 14: 21353: 21342:7th-century Arabic-language books 18841:('Before the rising of the Sun') 15726: 15413:Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 15240:Bell's introduction to the Qurʼān 14476:. Psychology Press. p. 112. 14000:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–136. 13815:. Saqi Books (November 8, 2003). 11447:Self-referentiality in the Qur'an 10980: 10719:Soora, Gayathri (14 April 2020). 10702:"Moon Split Miracle Chain Letter" 10269: 10154:Hameed, Shahul (9 October 2003). 9730:. T&T Clark. pp. 55–66. 9724:"Moses from a Muslim Perspective" 9700:from the original on 17 June 2016 9655: 9616:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 9608:Glassé, Cyril (1991). "Abraham". 9212:. London: Routledge. p. 62. 8959:, p. 45. Prometheus Books, 2011. 8674:. 27 October 2009. Archived from 7982:Bell's introduction to the Qur'an 7145:. Other transliterations include 6689:List of translations of the Quran 6060:Amina, bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif 5732:(the articulation of the Quranic 5332:List of translations of the Quran 4854: 4669: 3576:In a different line; The miracle 3279: 3270:each. Such a section is called a 2611:The doctrine of the last day and 1368:Canonization of Islamic scripture 1275:The Quran describes Muhammad as " 443:reserved for this purpose called 396:familiarity with major narratives 20895: 20894: 20883: 20414:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 19662:Timeline of the history of Islam 19493: 19008:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 17444:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 15617: 15165:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3630 14799:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 14632: 14598: 14573: 14561: 14552: 14510: 14490: 14461: 14436: 14408: 14396: 14371: 14346: 14317: 14302: 14286: 14272:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–36. 14256: 14231: 14206: 14123: 14111: 14093: 14049: 13987: 13957: 13718: 13692: 13463: 13430: 13400: 13367: 13349: 13340: 13318: 13299: 13249: 13232: 13219: 13122: 12850: 12806: 12763: 12725: 12697: 12688: 12662: 12608: 12596: 12570: 12548: 12530: 12520:"An Exegesis of the Holy Qur'an" 12494: 12476: 12458: 12442: 12410: 12397: 12383: 12371: 12307:, Hodder & Stoughton, p. 1. 12297: 12223:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 12146: 12086: 12034: 11971: 11956: 11898: 11889: 11877: 11849: 11840: 11813: 11780: 11770:Religion, Routledge, pp. 61-74. 11733: 11669: 11627: 11472: 11463: 11438: 11426: 11388: 11337:Approaches to the Asian Classics 11304: 11271: 11213: 11188: 11160: 11144:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00128 11094: 11070: 11038: 11009: 11000: 10974: 10888: 10875: 10784: 10694: 10652: 10627: 10605:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 10535: 10523: 10509: 10482: 10454: 10440: 10401: 10370: 10349: 10340: 10306:Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 10250: 10200: 10095: 10078: 10048: 10035: 10023: 9956: 9942: 9930: 9903: 9880: 9848: 9823: 9774: 9762: 9748: 9683: 9672: 9649: 9636: 9583: 9565: 9547: 9535: 9475: 9236:Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). 8882: 8653:John Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an. 7377:Luxenberg's Syro-Aramaic reading 7369: 7352: 7340: 7322: 7313: 7304: 7295: 7285: 7276: 7267: 7249:) was Salim, the freed slave of 7023: 6961:The Arabic pronunciation can be 6925: 6923:; especially in British English 6902: 6876: 6856: 6839: 6816: 6787: 6667: 6653: 6639: 6119: 6101: 6086: 6067: 5745:rules are Matn al-Jazariyyah by 5663: 5651: 5627: 5611: 5599: 4954:the background of its revelation 4839: 4824: 4804: 4784: 4772: 4746: 4722: 4703: 4329:period and the following years. 4206: 3615: 3365: 3323:, citing the work of the critic 3203:but this has been criticized by 2897:, the Indian televangelist; and 2591:in terms of today's ethic values 2505:), developed as an evolution of 2180:considers animal sacrifice as a 2044:Prophets and messengers in Islam 2034:and relationship with creation. 1786:, as well as understanding it. 1201:who were taken prisoners at the 1155: 204: 182: 21337:Miracles attributed to Muhammad 20755:List of ex-Muslim organisations 18650:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 18055:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 17411:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 16085:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 15578:. Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler. 15321:. Georgetown University Press. 15135:(1960–2007). "al-Iskandar". In 14974:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14813:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27495 14502:. Vol. 7. Washington, DC: 14353:Iriye, A.; Saunier, P. (2009). 14062:Dictionary of African Biography 14056:James, David (1 January 2011). 13565:Taha Shoeb (2 February 2018) . 12636:. The Other Press. p. 28. 12357:. Vanguard Press. p. 143. 11172:Apocalypse And/or Metamorphosis 10638:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 117–18. 10555: 10420:Haleem, Muhammad Abdel (2005). 10084:Vgl. Birışık: "Kurʾâniyyûn" in 9660:. Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center 9444: 9430: 9401: 9376: 9344: 9322: 9309: 9172: 9129: 8969: 8949: 8897:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8888: 8863: 8849: 8771: 8762: 8744:Texts and Studies on the Qurʼān 8731: 8712: 8664: 8647: 8605: 8449: 8414: 8328: 8187: 8152: 8140: 8097: 8085: 8073: 8051: 7984:. Univ. Press. pp. 31–51. 7948: 7936: 7834: 7821: 7805: 7793: 7781: 7654: 7625: 7607: 7494: 7258: 7232: 7223: 7214: 7201: 7176: 7123: 6871:; especially with the spelling 6604: 6426:Biblical and Quranic narratives 6165: 6096:script, eighth or ninth century 5319: 5174:'s interpretation of the Quran 4466:, followed by any other section 3496:continued for hundreds of years 2451:. The term chosen for charity, 1657:Islamic archaeological document 1426: 1394: 394:The Quran assumes the reader's 378: 367: 16:Central religious text of Islam 17954:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 17847:at the time of Abraham and Lot 17311:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 16978:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 16470:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 15874: 15861: 15768:Quran browsers and translation 15750: 15242:. Edinburgh University Press. 15034:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 14936:. Princeton University Press. 14700:. Cambridge University Press. 14504:Catholic University of America 14382:. Springer. pp. 265–266. 13676:The art of reciting the Qur'an 13437:Pal, Amaninder (5 May 2016) . 12944:Keeler, Annabel (2006). "Sufi 12526:. Tawheed Institute Australia. 12330:. WestBow Press. p. 287. 12204:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 11018:Historical Dictionary of Yemen 10586:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 10272:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 10090:Quran: A Reformist Translation 9938:https://sunnah.com/nawawi40:34 9337: 8336:"معهد الفتح الإسلامي يرحب بكم" 8124:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4746 8010:The Cambridge history of Islam 7858:. ICAS press. pp. 11–15. 7600:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7507:. Vol. 5 (1st ed.). 7454:. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). 7441: 7429: 7417: 7405: 7393: 7016: 6969:. The actual pronunciation in 6955: 6779: 6319:has banned Quran mobile apps. 5565:, use the plural and singular 5493:Najm al-Din Abu Hafs al-Nasafi 5117:Commentaries dealing with the 5110:itself goes hand in hand with 5004:used assertive titles such as 4525:Guide us to the straight path— 2600: 1729:history of the Quran and Islam 1629:consonantal text of the Qurʾān 1: 17873: 15655:(First ed.). Routledge. 14858:History of Islamic Philosophy 14805:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three 14580:Luxenberg, Christoph (2007). 14313:. Princeton University Press. 13781:Hekmat Nasser, Shady (2012). 13623:. In Nooshin, Laundan (ed.). 13588:Ejaz Taj (6 September 2018). 12919:Sands, Kristin Zahra (2006). 12813:Nakissa, Aria (20 May 2019). 12630:Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (2009). 12178:LESTER, TOBY (January 1999). 11824:. Mardin Artuklu University. 11601:Wensinck, A.J. "Muʿd̲j̲iza". 11078:Encyclopaedia of Islam Online 10300:Ismail, Mohammed Ali (2016). 9289:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1994). 9136:Dan Bilefsky (22 July 2015). 9084:Lester, Toby (January 1999). 8463:(in Dutch). 18 February 2016. 7895:Handbook of Islamic Marketing 7360:King of the Day of Judgement. 7348:King of the Day of Judgement. 6767: 6684:List of chapters in the Quran 6485:) and devotional literature ( 6014:and, on rarer occasions, the 5866:formal conditions of ablution 5778:Quran recitation competitions 5688:Men reading the Quran at the 5679: 5483:Abu Mansur Abdullah al-Ansari 4432: 3008:List of chapters in the Quran 2589:practices that pose problems 2156:is celebrated to commemorate 1717: 1605:Birmingham mus'haf manuscript 1300:prefer the second meaning of 1229:Traditionally believed to be 1151:Historiography of early Islam 85: 20740:Apostasy in Islam by country 20617:Liberalism and progressivism 18746:(The Afternoon or the Night) 18644:12 months: Four holy months 18196:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 17789:(s) or People of the Injil) 17127:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 16656:names and titles of Muhammad 16374: 15901:found in the Quran, such as 15651:, et al., eds. (2005). 15627:, et al., eds. (2001). 15395:The Commentary on the Qurʼān 15085:; et al., eds. (2006). 14912:. I.B. Tauris. p. 174. 13659:. 4 May 2020. Archived from 12102: 12055: 11513:For example see comments by 11349:Peterson, Daniel C. (1990). 11046:Jamal Malik (6 April 2020). 11016:Burrowes, Robert D. (2010). 10489:ÖZ, Ahmet (31 August 2024). 9165:. See Stephen J. Shoemaker, 8498: 7897:. Edward Elgar. p. 38. 7813:Encyclopedia of Islam Online 7699:. A&C Black. p. 2. 7693:Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). 7386: 7129:(English spelling) The form 6756:Islamic schools and branches 6419: 6273: 6268:edition of the Quran in 1924 5545:in 1937, and yet another by 5410:received letters by Muhammad 5213:hermeneutical interpretation 5161:) rather than explanations ( 4767:or "Verse of Light" (24:35). 2531:pre-Islamic Arabic tradition 2484:the way a woman should dress 1405: 1362:Compilation and preservation 1287: 963: 7: 18515:(Flood of the Great Dam of 16836:Adam's immediate relatives 15699:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15653:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 15630:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an 15201:Ziolkowski, Jan M. (2007). 14831:. Oxford University Press. 14748:. Oxford University Press. 14170:10.1093/library/s6-12.4.273 14064:. Oxford University Press. 13877:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13850:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13705:"Written Transmission," by 13501:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13479:The University of Edinburgh 13332:. July 2009. Archived from 13203:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13104:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13098:Elias, Jamal (2010). "Sufi 12950:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11944:. The National Post Company 11577:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11449:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 10805:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 10676:"Reasonable Doubts Podcast" 10565:The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia 10426:. I.B. Tauris. p. 82. 10363:, OUP Oxford, 2012, p 744, 10127:Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011). 9458:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 9210:The Qurʼan: an introduction 8997:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 8799:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 8706:The Shi'a and their Beliefs 8659:Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an 8033:Denffer, Ahmad von (1985). 7477:"Google Books Ngram Viewer" 7194: 7188: 7084: 6761:Schools of Islamic theology 6632: 6627:Youngstown State University 6136: 6131:script, 14th–15th centuries 5802: 5788: 5741: 5573:instead of the more common 5292: 5272: 5250: 5207: 5157: 5125: 4900: 4894: 4875: 4849:script, 18th–19th centuries 4813:classical Kufic calligraphy 4662: 4650: 4480:Recitation of Al-Fatiha in 4307: 3790:("Stories of the Prophets") 3557: 3503: 3424: 3386: 3358: 3352: 3340: 3288:Boys studying the Quran in 3266: 3260: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3224: 3218: 3153: 3131: 3067:Chapters are classified as 2901:, the Turkish creationist. 2571: 2339:; 272-274) In the story of 2292:he will return to the earth 2270:in the Quran. According to 2107:. Muslims regard him as an 2037: 1878:that will remain until the 1734: 1681: 1576:Since Muslims could regard 1511: 1497: 1466: 1456: 1412: 1350: 1344: 1330: 1302: 1277: 1242: 1131: 1125: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1078: 1070: 1062: 1054: 1048: 1036: 1028: 1022: 1016: 995: 982: 975: 944: 933: 922: 453: 445: 433: 274: 261: 70:Birmingham Quran manuscript 54: 10: 21358: 20667: 18722:('Remembrance', including 18368:(literally 'The Barrier') 17396:('Companions of the Wood') 17285:Companions of the Elephant 17234:People of the Burnt Garden 17209: 16598:('Companion of the Whale') 16194:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 15789:Quran text and translation 15612:. Oxford University Press. 15381: 15300:Major Themes of the Qur'an 15107:Tabatabae, Mohammad Hosayn 14668: 14648:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 14330:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 13807:Al-Hurr al-Amili, Muhammad 13756:Journal of Quranic Studies 12579:"Abrogation in the Qur'ān" 12028:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11622:Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 11487:Princeton University Press 11445:Wild, Stefan, ed. (2006). 11313:"Körner, Moses B. Eliezer" 11256:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11136:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 10563:. In Oliver Leaman (ed.). 9910:Kassis, Riad Aziz (1999). 9830:Islamic sage Al-khidr..." 9003:(1): 143–145. April 2004. 8704:Shirazi, Muhammad (2008). 8689:Shirazi, Muhammad (2001). 8569:"Poetry and Language", by 8421:Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 8228:Tafseer Soorah Al -Hujurat 8161:Journal of Quranic Studies 7614:Guillaume, Alfred (1954). 7411:dictionary.reference.com: 7399:dictionary.reference.com: 7182:According to Welch in the 6423: 6382:and the giant fish in the 6277: 5967: 5963: 5814: 5707: 5670:Verses 33 and 34 of surat 5514:Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete 5329: 5323: 5203:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i 5054: 4858: 4577:لَمۡ یَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ یُولَدۡ 4436: 3501:The first works about the 3484:scientific prophecy claims 3369: 3005: 2764: 2604: 2041: 1929: 1753:. Narratives of the early 1738: 1612:: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم" 1584:punishable by death under 1565: 1365: 1144: 1140: 18: 21208: 21151: 21094: 20953: 20878: 20763: 20730: 20680: 20676: 20662: 20589: 20556: 20528:Geography and cartography 20503: 20450: 20446: 20430: 20256: 20178: 20125: 20074: 20070: 20046: 19916: 19798: 19758: 19641: 19593: 19517: 19513: 19502: 19451: 19410: 19338: 19261: 19222: 19171: 19137: 19101: 19074: 18996: 18989:('Mother of the Book(s)') 18904: 18898: 18893: 18859: 18693: 18664: 18633: 18615:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 18593: 18541: 18537: 18490: 18479: 18340: 18229: 18176: 18116: 17961: 17909:, literally 'The Garden') 17879: 17868: 17798:Qissis (Christian priest) 17714: 17650: 17577: 17501: 17332: 17219: 17215: 17204: 17136: 17072: 17003: 16942: 16829: 16825: 16814: 16773: 16724: 16627: 16386: 16382: 16369: 16332: 16289: 16244: 16096: 16027: 15925: 15918: 15914: 15880: 15869: 15856: 15848:People and things in the 15261:(1 ed.). Routledge. 15067:10.1017/S0020743800056312 15010:. San Francisco: Harper. 14908:Guessoum, Nidhal (2011). 14777:10.1017/s0020743800053320 14675:Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2022). 14499:New Catholic Encyclopedia 14357:. Springer. p. 627. 14025:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund 13994:Faroqhi, Suraiya (2005). 13768:10.3366/e1465359109000424 13674:Nelson, Kristina (2001). 12455:, HarperCollins, p. 1578. 11867:Religion & Literature 11482:The Words and Will of God 10933:. London: Granta. p. 126. 7928:(Rev. ed.). London: 7568:Oxford English Dictionary 7534:Oxford English Dictionary 7504:Oxford English Dictionary 7451:Oxford English Dictionary 7173:(sometimes in lowercase). 7076: 7075: 7063: 7062: 6172:Middle Eastern Christians 6170:) for distribution among 5376:in the face of shifts in 5240:Notable Sufi commentaries 4831:9th-century Quran in the 4572: 4493: 3456:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 3193:names or qualities of God 3089: 3088: 2681:eschatological literature 2411:Verse about the month of 2310:Ethico-religious concepts 2280:that He continues to live 1572:Early Quranic manuscripts 1515:in the Islamic world and 1509:, which is the prevalent 1493:ten canonical recitations 1483:said to be written by Ali 1117:), and 'the revelation' ( 951: 950: 345:The Quran is believed by 203: 189: 181: 174: 147: 128: 120: 110: 100: 95: 61: 41: 35: 30: 21167:Luther's Large Catechism 21009:(Judaism, Christianity) 20837:Islamic view of miracles 17845:Mesopotamian polytheists 17793:Ruhban (Christian monks) 17667:(People of the Verandah) 17544:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 17347:(literally 'The Romans') 17267:Companions of Noah's Ark 17184:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 17113:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 17033:Magicians of the Pharaoh 16935:(Muhammad's adopted son) 16227:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 16011:(fish or whale) of Jonah 15459:. New York: Harper One. 15259:Approaches to the Qur'ān 14742:"Cosmology and creation" 14448:Bahá'í Reference Library 14309:Hanioğlu, Şükrü (2010). 13909: 13725:Small, Keith E. (2011). 13519:"Art and the Qur'an" by 12770:Quraishi, Asifa (2007). 12280:"The Quran & Hadith" 12155:Islam and Indian Muslims 12119:Ruthven, Malise (1984). 12105:Ibn Ḥanbal and the Miḥna 12072:Pickthall, M.M. (1981). 11710:Islam: The Straight Path 11634:Arberry, Arthur (1956). 11022:Rowman & Littlefield 10838:Moore, Keith L. (1983). 10558:"Science and the Qur'an" 9722:Keeler, Annabel (2005). 9262:Vogel, Frank E. (2000). 9208:Saeed, Abdullah (2008). 9036:10.1163/157005810X504518 9009:10.3366/jqs.2004.6.1.143 7663:Islam: The Straight Path 6963:transcribed phonemically 6772: 6362:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 6358:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 6354:Protoevangelium of James 6246:First Constitutional Era 6190:published by the pastor 6159:printing was ordered by 5248:'s (d. 1021) book named 4674:The Quran also inspired 4573:قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ 4570: 4491: 3879:Medieval Islamic science 3415:of composing the Quran. 3376:Islamic view of miracles 2559:story with his daughters 2288:the stories of ascension 2266:dedicated to his mother 2022:, they may have adopted 1707:University of Birmingham 20602:Creationism (evolution) 19328:Forbidden fruit of Adam 18798:('Decline of the Sun') 18686:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 18416:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 17841:at the time of Muhammad 17815:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 17272:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 17168:the companion of Joshua 16002:(female ant) of Solomon 15317:Robinson, Neal (2002). 14883:Dost, Suleyman (2023). 14135:archive.aramcoworld.com 13889:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.2.84 13862:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.71 13504:, New York: Routledge, 13165:"How To Read the Quran" 12776:SSRN Electronic Journal 12327:The Leaders Are Coming! 12303:Watton, Victor (1993), 11968:, 21 October 1993, p21. 11714:Oxford University Press 11708:Esposito, John (2010). 11638:. London. p. 191. 11589:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.2.23 11380:Sells, Michael (1999), 10883:A History of Embryology 10817:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.91 10517:"Surah Al-Qalam - 1-52" 9268:. Brill. pp. 4–5. 9063:10.1515/islam-2011-0025 8803:. New York: Routledge. 8365:Campo, Juan E. (2009). 7930:I. B. Tauris Publishers 7667:Oxford University Press 7661:Esposito, John (2010). 7573:Oxford University Press 7539:Oxford University Press 7509:Oxford University Press 7456:Oxford University Press 6346:Unitarian Universalists 5432:, who translated surat 5051:Esoteric interpretation 4938:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 4924:along with a number of 4500:مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ 4498:ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 2984:evolution of human life 2958:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2887:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2724:king or lord of the day 2567:the consumption of wine 1829:Judeo-Christian stories 1819:literature, as well as 1578:criticism of the Qur'an 21087:(Eastern Christianity) 20852:Persecution of Muslims 20750:List of former Muslims 19667:Succession to Muhammad 18940:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 18932:(The Book of Muhammad) 18442:Cave of Seven Sleepers 18265:, literally 'Place of 18153:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 17529:Companions of the Rass 17430:Companions of Muhammad 17276:Companions of the Cave 16211:Angel of the Trumpet ( 15434:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 15319:Discovering the Qur'an 15257:Hawting, G.R. (1993). 14951:Lings, Martin (2004). 14901:10.1515/mill-2023-0003 14740:Berlin, Adele (2011). 14644:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14584:. Berlin: H. Schiler. 14378:Kamusella, T. (2012). 14326:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14164:. s6-12 (4): 273–292. 13937:; et al. (eds.). 13916:]. p. 12/576. 13905:Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmed. 13785:. Brill Academic Pub. 12962:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.1.1 12501:Sengers, Erik (2005). 12324:Lambert, Gray (2013). 12024:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11895:Vgl. Neuwirth 172-175. 11680:. Alpha. p. 126. 11604:Encyclopaedia of Islam 11382:Approaching the Qur'ān 11286:, et al. (eds.). 11252:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11132:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11126:Massey, Keith (2002). 10381:, et al. (eds.). 10276:: pp. 166–167, 180–182 10007:Islam: a brief history 8978:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8523:al-Bukhari, Muhammad. 8513: 8398:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8173:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.1.1 7636:. Alpha. p. 126. 7435:Cambridge dictionary: 7423:Cambridge dictionary: 7255: 6714:Criticism of the Quran 6442: 6416: 6338:progressive revelation 6280:Criticism of the Quran 6146: 5919:Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud 5838: 5700: 5636: 5527: 5380:over the centuries is 5365: 5199: 5185: 5099: 5045:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi 5012: 4998:to interpret the Quran 4972:followers of followers 4930:Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas 4729:Quranic inscriptions, 4586: 4513: 4485: 4467: 4349:weird or pseudoscience 4313:whether it was created 4303: 4256: 3889:Succession to Muhammad 3443: 3430:, a book of prophecy. 3296: 3064: 2889:, who established the 2877:. According to author 2860: 2655: 2420: 2216: 2015: 1797: 1780:meaning of expressions 1660: 1638: 1613: 1517:believe that the Quran 1485: 1256:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1238: 1111:), 'the remembrance' ( 1093:), 'the mother book' ( 21:Quran (disambiguation) 21186:Book of Common Prayer 20646:Conversion to mosques 20513:Alchemy and chemistry 19181:(literally 'lamps'): 19094:statue) of Israelites 19027:(Casket of Shekhinah) 18529:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 18376:(Black Stone) & 18156:('The Blessed Place') 17624:Daughters of Muhammad 17614:Household of Muhammad 17590:Household of Abraham 17438:(literally 'Helpers') 16893:Disciples (including 16553:the son of Zechariah) 16142:(Honourable Scribes) 16130:Bearers of the Throne 15743:17 March 2022 at the 15358:Wild, Stefan (1996). 15280:(2 ed.). Quest. 14928:Levenson, Jon Douglas 14696:Allen, Roger (2000). 13627:. London: Routledge. 13116:10.3366/jqs.2010.0104 13019:"Al-Mizan Discourses" 11985:Wild, Stefan (1996). 11636:The Koran Interpreted 11537:and similar views by 11479:Peters, F.E. (2003). 11355:FARMS Review of Books 11076:See:* "Kur`an, al-", 10870:Rizvi, Atheist Muslim 10660:The Victory of Reason 10318:10.1353/isl.2016.0014 10005:Sonn, Tamara (2010). 9916:. Brill. p. 51. 9656:Dubov, Nissan Dovid. 9163:invasion of Palestine 8494: 8367:Encyclopedia of Islam 8340:www.alfatihonline.com 8115:Encyclopedia of Islam 7243: 7184:Encyclopedia of Islam 6719:Violence in the Quran 6623:University of Chicago 6429: 6411:, and the Greek hero 6403:and can be traced in 6378: 6366:Arabic Infancy Gospel 6298:Syriac Infancy Gospel 6296:sources, such as the 6211:Muslim legal scholars 6178:in 1537–1538 for the 6144: 6114:, 13th–14th centuries 5836: 5687: 5551:Muhammad Abdel Haleem 5339: 5230:Muhkam and Mutashabih 5194: 5180: 5095: 4988: 4926:Muhammad's companions 4869:Muhkam and Mutashabih 4479: 4461: 4396:muhkam and mutashabih 4320:religious persecution 4298: 4254: 3592:Significance in Islam 3436:splitting of the Moon 3421: 3287: 3246:subdivided into four 3054: 2847:NASA photograph from 2846: 2783:) The astrophysicist 2761:Science and the Quran 2701:numerological methods 2633: 2410: 2392:", the words used by 2246:is another important 2226:prophet and messenger 2198: 2178:Islamic understanding 2101:chapters of the Quran 2010: 1946:contingency arguments 1792: 1650: 1625: 1617:University of Chicago 1598: 1476: 1326:seven different ahruf 1233:'s first revelation, 1228: 916:Etymology and meaning 534:Birmingham manuscript 519:Samarkand Kufic Quran 159:6,236 (excluding the 151:6,348 (including the 21179:Heidelberg Catechism 20372:Ma malakat aymanukum 19947:Association football 18961:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 18839:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 18556:('the Confederates') 18544:military expeditions 18319:The Prophet's Mosque 18277:('The Sacred Grove') 18073:(Station of Abraham) 17888:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 17564:('Companions of the 17363:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 17355:(Children of Israel) 17050:Moses' sister-in-law 17029:, who adopted Moses) 16972:, Qatafir or Qittin) 16951:Brothers (including 16697:He who spoke to God) 16020:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 15992:sleepers of the cave 15960:) of the Abyssinians 15710:), published by the 15570:Luxenberg, Christoph 15384:List of tafsir works 15339:(15 November 1999). 15026:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 15002:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 14526:. Prometheus Books. 14506:. 1967. p. 677. 14470:Reynolds, Gabriel S. 13812:Combat with the Self 13163:(20 November 2008). 13059:on 16 February 2012. 12577:Islahi, Amin Ahsan. 12503:Dutch and Their Gods 12180:"What Is the Koran?" 12089:Why I'm Not a Muslim 11128:"Mysterious Letters" 10468:likewise symbolizes 10365:Google-Books preview 10235:, p. 41–44, 68. 9793:Bentlage et al. 2016 9693:Third Way (magazine) 9086:"What Is the Koran?" 8434:10.7187/GJAT122017-2 7091:[alqurˈʔaːn] 6306:Crucifixion of Jesus 6256:edition of the Quran 5959:Writing and printing 5932:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi 5638:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5529:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5061:Quranic hermeneutics 5037:Mufti Muhammad Shafi 4934:Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud 4898:) the earlier text ( 4865:Quranic hermeneutics 4613:English translation 4546:English translation 4400:nasıkh and abrogated 3928:Association football 3002:Text and arrangement 2755:historical evolution 2551:pre-Islamic prophets 2129:and builder of the 2099:and mentioned in 35 1531:was the first major 1388:. The first caliph, 1294:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1191:immigrated to Medina 1169:his first revelation 1147:History of the Quran 355:created or uncreated 84:'s lifetime between 80:likely dated within 21332:Islamic terminology 21322:Medieval literature 21282:(Roman Catholicism) 21238:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 21201:(Roman Catholicism) 21195:(Roman Catholicism) 21173:Augsburg Confession 21144:(Roman Catholicism) 21132:(Roman Catholicism) 21055:Nag Hammadi library 20965:(Egyptian religion) 18580:Expedition of Tabuk 18524:Farewell Pilgrimage 18274:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 18193:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 18012:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 17987:Iram of the Pillars 17290:People of al-Ukhdūd 17242:(Companions of the 16701:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 15968:Domesticated donkey 15938:(cow) of Israelites 15276:Hixon, Lex (2003). 15133:Watt, W. Montgomery 14611:The Future of Islam 13418:on 18 November 2010 13135:St Francis Magazine 12976:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12858:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12784:10.2139/ssrn.963142 12713:Newman in Meri 2006 12583:Renaissance Journal 12472:. 22 February 2012. 12449:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12074:The Glorious Qur'an 11543:The legacy of Islam 11515:Arthur John Arberry 11384:, White Cloud Press 11317:Jewish Encyclopedia 9887:Cole, Juan (2021). 9868:on 5 September 2014 9658:"Jewish Meditation" 9595:en.quranacademy.org 9577:en.quranacademy.org 9559:en.quranacademy.org 9184:The Huffington Post 8678:on 27 October 2009. 8629:, pp. 117–124. 8612:Yusuff, Mohamad K. 8069:on 10 January 2012. 7811:See "Ķur'an, al-", 7571:(Online ed.). 7537:(Online ed.). 6751:Hadith al-Thaqalayn 6457:Christoph Luxenberg 6390:Metropolitan Museum 6264:Al-Azhar University 6226:Catherine the Great 6219:Ibrahim Muteferrika 6192:Abraham Hinckelmann 6188:Hinckelmann edition 6150:Wood-block printing 5970:Islamic calligraphy 5921:(Kufa, d. 745) and 5704:Rules of recitation 5563:Marmaduke Pickthall 5555:Sahih International 5547:Arthur John Arberry 5509:Peter the Venerable 5067:Muslim philosophers 4942:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 4543:Sahih International 3689:Profession of Faith 3662:Day of Resurrection 3586:Sunni radical group 3580:was put forward by 2990:, Muslim historian 2946:hydrogen fuel cells 2875:Islamic creationism 2809:Taha Jabir Alalwani 2607:Islamic eschatology 2595:new interpretations 2507:pre-Islamic Arabian 2400:in discourses are " 2276:Sunni understanding 2172:in general or as a 2028:nature (attributes) 2024:different attitudes 1912:struggle of Abraham 1725:revisionists' views 1382:Battle of al-Yamama 21245:Liber AL vel Legis 21069:(Greek polytheism) 21051:(Roman polytheism) 20857:Quran and miracles 20771:Criticism of Islam 20485:Geometric patterns 20337:Gender segregation 19908:Non-denominational 19035:Trumpet of Israfil 18781:('The Late-Night') 18648:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 18394:(Cave of the Bull) 18379:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 18291:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 17983:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 17968:(excluding Madyan) 17891:('The Holy Land') 17839:Meccan polytheists 17777:People of the Book 17635:Household of Salih 17610:Household of Moses 17558:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 17259:Disciples of Jesus 17231:People of Paradise 17023:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 16912:People of Solomon 16872:People of Abraham 16852:Believer of Ya-Sin 16820:People of Prophets 16518:(Jethro, Reuel or 16325:('Rebellious one') 16049:Beast of the Earth 15732:Reference material 15598:The Qurʾan as Text 15494:Literary criticism 15360:The Quʼran as Text 15229:Introductory texts 15049:Peters, Francis E. 14444:"The Kitáb-i-Íqán" 14141:on 2 November 2013 14105:muslimheritage.com 13571:The Dawoodi Bohras 13262:. 31 August 2024. 13053:Allamah Tabatabaee 13029:on 8 December 2008 13015:Tabatabai, Allamah 12990:on 1 December 2008 12423:. 31 August 2024. 12122:Islam in the World 11987:The Quʼran as Text 11113:, 'to cut, break'. 10848:on 29 January 2020 10214:on 29 January 2022 10066:on 5 November 2021 9620:HarperSanFrancisco 8457:"Wat is de Koran?" 8259:. 15 February 2023 7731:on 18 October 2017 7603:. Merriam-Webster. 6724:Women in the Quran 6704:Quran and miracles 6694:Quran translations 6675:Middle Ages portal 6417: 6401:other sacred texts 6317:Chinese government 6147: 5839: 5701: 5559:Abdullah Yusuf Ali 5430:Salman the Persian 5366: 5326:Quran translations 5200: 5104:Islamic philosophy 5089:that goes back to 5071:Quranic literalism 5021:Tafsir al-Jalalayn 5013: 4833:Reza Abbasi Museum 4731:Bara Gumbad mosque 4486: 4468: 4410:understandings to 4311:). Its nature and 4292:together known as 4262:the belief in fate 4257: 3444: 3297: 3105:as the opening of 3065: 2988:Ashraf ‘Ali Thanvi 2956:), co-authored by 2861: 2728:māliki yawmi-d-dīn 2669:Beast of the Earth 2656: 2636:Pierre Daniel Huet 2544:religious problems 2527:temporary marriage 2421: 2394:Islamic philosophy 2376:today, as well as 2353:Alcmaeon of Croton 2331:) and even employ 2217: 2016: 2013:Reza Abbasi Museum 1856:Yusuf and Zulaikha 1821:pre-Islamic Arabia 1798: 1687:radiocarbon dating 1673:Sana'a manuscripts 1661: 1614: 1603:as written on the 1486: 1298:W. Montgomery Watt 1239: 783:Biblical parallels 529:Topkapi manuscript 414:moral significance 351:Muslim theologians 328:Islamic holy books 214:English Wikisource 68:Two folios of the 21307:7th-century books 21289: 21288: 21267:The Satanic Bible 21161:Guru Granth Sahib 20908: 20907: 20874: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20842:Domestic violence 20832:Islamic terrorism 20827:Islamic extremism 20658: 20657: 20654: 20653: 20426: 20425: 20422: 20421: 20212:Marriage contract 20042: 20041: 20002:Political aspects 19789:Story of Prophets 19558:Prophets of Islam 19461: 19460: 19447: 19446: 19420:(Water or fluid) 19406: 19405: 19393:Sidrat al-Muntahā 19237:(Garlic or wheat) 19167: 19166: 19163: 19162: 18889: 18888: 18885: 18884: 18831:('The Afternoon') 18822:('The Afternoon') 18752:('The Mornings') 18585:Conquest of Mecca 18570:Battle of Khaybar 18506:Event of Mubahala 18502:(Night of Decree) 18475: 18474: 18430:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 18373:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 18336: 18335: 18328:Salat (Synagogue) 18281:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 18132:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 17965:Arabian Peninsula 17940:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 17864: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17856: 17855: 17646: 17645: 17642: 17641: 17594:Brothers of Yūsuf 17465:Children of Ayyub 17458:Wife of Abu Lahab 17416:People of Fir'aun 17407:(People of Jonah) 17381:People of Shuaib 17367:People of Ibrahim 17300:People of Yathrib 17200: 17199: 17196: 17195: 17175:Nebuchadnezzar II 17068: 17067: 16810: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16769: 16768: 16638:and Strong Will') 16365: 16364: 16361: 16360: 16240: 16239: 16180:(Gabriel, chief) 16092: 16091: 15692:Academic journals 15683:978-1-926620-00-8 15662:978-0-415-77529-8 15640:978-90-04-11465-4 15585:978-3-89930-088-8 15561:978-81-208-1952-8 15514:978-1-872531-65-6 15485:978-0-19-511148-4 15466:978-0-06-143828-8 15447:978-0-521-36470-6 15404:978-0-19-920142-6 15369:978-90-04-09300-3 15362:. Leiden: Brill. 15350:978-1-883991-26-5 15328:978-1-58901-024-6 15309:978-0-226-70286-5 15287:978-0-8356-0822-0 15268:978-0-415-05755-4 15249:978-0-7486-0597-2 15214:978-0-472-03379-9 15124:978-0-7103-0266-3 15098:978-1-4051-1752-4 15017:978-0-06-050714-5 14964:978-1-901383-07-2 14919:978-1-84885-517-5 14875:978-0-7103-0416-2 14838:978-0-19-285344-8 14717:Reichmuth, Stefan 14707:978-0-521-77657-8 14688:978-90-04-50427-1 14621:978-0-19-516521-0 14591:978-3-89930-088-8 14533:978-1-57392-945-5 14483:978-0-203-93960-4 14424:. 15 October 2021 14389:978-0-230-58347-4 14364:978-1-349-74030-7 14279:978-1-85043-760-4 14079:978-0-19-538207-5 14007:978-1-85043-760-4 13980:978-90-04-10692-5 13965:Riddell, Peter G. 13950:978-1-4051-1752-4 13931:Déroche, François 13829:on 9 October 2023 13792:978-90-04-24081-0 13754:to One Another". 13736:978-0-7391-4291-2 13685:978-977-424-594-7 13634:978-0-7546-3457-7 13511:978-0-415-32639-1 13412:Read Quran Online 13393:978-0-300-09422-0 13363:. 12 August 2010. 13336:on 29 April 2014. 13295:on 17 April 2009. 13245:. 31 August 2024. 13213:978-0-415-32639-1 13081:978-1-4051-8820-3 12930:978-0-415-36685-4 12905:978-1-4051-8820-3 12836:978-0-19-093288-6 12735:. 10 October 2020 12403:Jens Zimmermann, 12393:. 31 August 2024. 12364:978-1-59315-706-7 12337:978-1-4497-6013-7 12313:978-0-340-58795-9 12164:978-81-7835-805-5 12132:978-0-19-530503-6 11996:978-90-04-09300-3 11723:978-0-19-539600-3 11687:978-1-59257-222-9 11500:978-0-691-11461-3 11456:978-3-447-05383-9 11297:978-1-4051-1752-4 11200:ICS/Masjid Tucson 11063:978-90-04-42271-1 10433:978-1-86064-650-8 10394:978-1-4051-1752-4 10256:Yaron, Shlomith. 10016:978-1-4051-8093-1 9988:978-0-02-865603-8 9923:978-90-04-11305-3 9816:978-0-7735-2427-9 9780:Sahih al-Bukhari 9768:Sahih al-Bukhari 9744:on 29 April 2016. 9737:978-0-567-08171-1 9468:978-0-415-32639-1 9419:978-1-78673-131-9 9394:978-90-04-35599-6 9362:978-90-04-27764-9 9219:978-0-415-42124-9 8810:978-0-415-32639-1 8529:sahih-bukhari.com 8376:978-0-8160-5454-1 8133:978-90-04-08265-6 8044:978-0-86037-132-8 8019:978-0-521-29135-4 7991:978-0-85224-171-4 7904:978-1-84980-013-6 7865:978-1-904063-30-8 7706:978-0-8264-4957-3 7676:978-0-19-539600-3 7643:978-1-59257-222-9 7579:(Subscription or 7545:(Subscription or 6587:Prophets of Islam 6385:Jami' al-tawarikh 6184:Paganino Paganini 5984:-typescript. The 5485:wrote a complete 5477:to translate the 5370:range of meanings 5017:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 4847:Shikasta nastaliq 4617: 4616: 4601:—Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ 4575:ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ 4550: 4549: 4477: 4274:to read the Quran 4249: 4248: 3553:Angelika Neuwirth 3448:Arabic literature 3109:'s letter to the 2910:quantum mechanics 2638:(1700), locating 2380:teachings, hence 2213:Jami' al-tawarikh 1952:. Therefore, the 1682:scriptio inferior 1634:numerous variants 1590:textual criticism 1562:Academic research 1541:Abbasid caliphate 1440:Arabian Peninsula 1171:in 610 CE in the 1161:Islamic tradition 1105:), 'the wisdom' ( 913: 912: 797:Mentioned by name 398:recounted in the 318:, a proof of his 283:Arabic literature 233:, is the central 225:, also romanized 219: 218: 52: 21349: 21312:Islamic theology 21142:Summa Theologica 21130:Ambrosian Hymnal 20935: 20928: 20921: 20912: 20911: 20898: 20897: 20890:Islam portal 20888: 20887: 20886: 20678: 20677: 20670: 20664: 20663: 20505:Medieval science 20448: 20447: 20438: 20432: 20431: 20089:Economic history 20072: 20071: 20048: 20047: 20034:Islam by country 19867:Bektashi Alevism 19515: 19514: 19506:Outline of Islam 19488: 19481: 19474: 19465: 19464: 19347:Plants of Sheba 19259: 19258: 19102:Of Noah's people 19072: 19071: 19040: 19039: 19031:Throne of Bilqis 19024:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 18965:Tablets of Stone 18895: 18894: 18878:First Pilgrimage 18694:Times for prayer 18637:Islamic calendar 18565:Battle of Hunayn 18539: 18538: 18481: 18480: 18420:Bayt al-Muqaddas 17959: 17958: 17870: 17869: 17629:Muhammad's wives 17604:Progeny of Imran 17486:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 17388:People of Madyan 17330: 17329: 17319: 17318: 17217: 17216: 17206: 17205: 16940: 16939: 16906:Zechariah's wife 16890:People of Jesus 16879:Ishmael's mother 16827: 16826: 16816: 16815: 16625: 16624: 16566:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 16551:John the Baptist 16384: 16383: 16371: 16370: 16164: 16163: 16158:Munkar and Nakir 15923: 15922: 15916: 15915: 15871: 15870: 15858: 15857: 15842: 15835: 15828: 15819: 15818: 15793:Tufts University 15687: 15666: 15644: 15613: 15606:Wansbrough, John 15601: 15589: 15565: 15542: 15531:. Curzon Press. 15523:Boullata, Issa J 15518: 15489: 15470: 15451: 15422: 15408: 15373: 15354: 15332: 15313: 15291: 15272: 15253: 15218: 15197: 15168: 15128: 15116: 15102: 15078: 15044: 15042: 15040: 15021: 14997: 14968: 14947: 14923: 14904: 14879: 14862:Sherrard, Philip 14849: 14847: 14845: 14830: 14816: 14788: 14759: 14736: 14711: 14692: 14662: 14661: 14636: 14630: 14629: 14606:Esposito, John L 14602: 14596: 14595: 14577: 14571: 14565: 14559: 14556: 14550: 14544: 14538: 14537: 14514: 14508: 14507: 14494: 14488: 14487: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14454: 14440: 14434: 14433: 14431: 14429: 14412: 14406: 14400: 14394: 14393: 14375: 14369: 14368: 14350: 14344: 14343: 14321: 14315: 14314: 14306: 14300: 14290: 14284: 14283: 14264:Faroqhi, Suraiya 14260: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14249: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14226: 14224: 14210: 14204: 14203: 14201: 14199: 14190:. Archived from 14184:"Paganini Quran" 14180: 14174: 14173: 14157: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14146: 14137:. Archived from 14127: 14121: 14115: 14109: 14108: 14097: 14091: 14090: 14088: 14086: 14053: 14047: 14046: 14021: 14012: 14011: 13991: 13985: 13984: 13961: 13955: 13954: 13927: 13918: 13917: 13907:Majmue Alfatawaa 13902: 13893: 13892: 13872: 13866: 13865: 13845: 13839: 13838: 13836: 13834: 13825:. Archived from 13803: 13797: 13796: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13747: 13741: 13740: 13722: 13716: 13707:François Déroche 13696: 13690: 13689: 13671: 13665: 13664: 13649: 13643: 13642: 13637:. Archived from 13616: 13610: 13609: 13607: 13605: 13596:. Archived from 13585: 13579: 13578: 13573:. Archived from 13562: 13556: 13555: 13553: 13551: 13536: 13530: 13514: 13492: 13483: 13482: 13476: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13447:. Archived from 13434: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13414:. Archived from 13404: 13398: 13397: 13381: 13371: 13365: 13364: 13353: 13347: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13330:Monthly Crescent 13322: 13316: 13313: 13303: 13297: 13296: 13291:. Archived from 13285: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13274: 13268: 13261: 13253: 13247: 13246: 13244: 13236: 13230: 13223: 13217: 13216: 13193: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13177: 13157: 13151: 13150: 13148: 13146: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13095: 13086: 13085: 13067: 13061: 13060: 13045: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13034: 13025:. Archived from 13011: 13000: 12999: 12997: 12995: 12986:. Archived from 12984:Tafseer Al-Mizan 12972: 12966: 12965: 12941: 12935: 12934: 12916: 12910: 12909: 12891: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12868:. Archived from 12854: 12848: 12847: 12845: 12843: 12810: 12804: 12803: 12767: 12761: 12756: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12740: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12710: 12704: 12701: 12695: 12692: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12681: 12672:. Search Truth. 12666: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12655: 12627: 12621: 12620: 12612: 12606: 12600: 12594: 12593: 12591: 12589: 12574: 12568: 12567: 12562:. Archived from 12560:mostmerciful.com 12552: 12546: 12545: 12540:. Archived from 12534: 12528: 12527: 12516: 12507: 12506: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12484:Street, Brian V. 12480: 12474: 12473: 12462: 12456: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12429: 12422: 12414: 12408: 12401: 12395: 12394: 12387: 12381: 12375: 12369: 12368: 12348: 12342: 12341: 12321: 12315: 12301: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12264: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12225: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12175: 12169: 12168: 12150: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12139: 12116: 12110: 12100: 12094: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12069: 12063: 12053: 12044: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12019: 12013: 12000: 11975: 11969: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11902: 11896: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11875: 11874: 11862: 11856: 11853: 11847: 11844: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11817: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11800: 11793: 11784: 11778: 11767: 11758: 11757: 11755: 11753: 11737: 11731: 11730: 11712:(4th ed.). 11705: 11696: 11695: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11660: 11652: 11631: 11625: 11614: 11608: 11599: 11593: 11592: 11572: 11563: 11558:Alfred Guillaume 11552:, Martin Zammit 11511: 11505: 11504: 11476: 11470: 11467: 11461: 11460: 11442: 11436: 11430: 11424: 11423: 11392: 11386: 11385: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11346: 11340: 11334: 11328: 11327: 11325: 11323: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11275: 11269: 11268: 11248:Boullata, Issa J 11244: 11238: 11237: 11236:on 1 March 2024. 11235: 11229:. Archived from 11228: 11220:Philips, Bilal. 11217: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11168:Brown, Norman O. 11164: 11158: 11157: 11123: 11114: 11112: 11111: 11104: 11103: 11098: 11092: 11086: 11080: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11042: 11036: 11035: 11013: 11007: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10987:The Mail Archive 10978: 10972: 10966: 10960: 10959: 10957: 10955: 10940: 10934: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10892: 10886: 10879: 10873: 10867: 10858: 10857: 10855: 10853: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10800: 10794: 10788: 10782: 10776: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10745: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10672: 10663: 10656: 10650: 10649: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10620: 10607: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10572: 10562: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10539: 10533: 10530:Sahih al-Bukhari 10527: 10521: 10520: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10486: 10480: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10444: 10438: 10437: 10417: 10411: 10405: 10399: 10398: 10374: 10368: 10353: 10347: 10344: 10338: 10337: 10297: 10291: 10286: 10277: 10267: 10261: 10254: 10248: 10242: 10236: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10210:. Archived from 10204: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10158:. Archived from 10151: 10145: 10144: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10099: 10093: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10062:. Archived from 10052: 10046: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10002: 9993: 9992: 9972: 9963: 9960: 9954: 9953: 9946: 9940: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9867: 9861:. Archived from 9860: 9852: 9846: 9832:Stephanie Dalley 9827: 9821: 9820: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9778: 9772: 9766: 9760: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9740:. Archived from 9719: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9687: 9681: 9676: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9653: 9647: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9605: 9599: 9598: 9587: 9581: 9580: 9569: 9563: 9562: 9551: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9527: 9521: 9515: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9491: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9380: 9374: 9373: 9348: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9326: 9320: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9286: 9280: 9279: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9233: 9224: 9223: 9205: 9196: 9195: 9193: 9191: 9176: 9170: 9159: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9113:Coughlan, Sean. 9110: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9019: 9013: 9012: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8973: 8967: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8922: 8913: 8912: 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8867: 8861: 8858:higher criticism 8853: 8847: 8814: 8802: 8789: 8778: 8775: 8769: 8766: 8760: 8759: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8668: 8662: 8651: 8645: 8639: 8630: 8624: 8618: 8617: 8609: 8603: 8591:François Déroche 8561: 8552: 8546: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8535: 8520: 8514: 8501: 8488: 8477: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8436: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8390: 8381: 8380: 8362: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8307: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8280: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8253: 8242: 8241: 8223: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8191: 8185: 8184: 8156: 8150: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8055: 8049: 8048: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8005: 7996: 7995: 7977: 7958: 7952: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7922:Fisher, Mary Pat 7918: 7909: 7908: 7890: 7884: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7856:Quranic Sciences 7851: 7845: 7838: 7832: 7825: 7819: 7809: 7803: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7779: 7774: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7727:. Archived from 7717: 7711: 7710: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7665:(4th ed.). 7658: 7652: 7651: 7629: 7623: 7622: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7591: 7585: 7584: 7576: 7564: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7542: 7530: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7511:. 1901. p. 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7458:. 1888. p. 7445: 7439: 7433: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7403: 7397: 7380: 7373: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7333: 7326: 7320: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7302: 7299: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7265: 7262: 7256: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7221: 7218: 7212: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7191: 7180: 7174: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7058:vocalized Arabic 7053: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7020: 7014: 7012: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6980: 6968: 6959: 6953: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6931: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6899: 6898: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6862: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6813: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6793: 6783: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6649: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6579:John the Baptist 6440: 6394:Surah As-Saaffat 6230:Saint Petersburg 6200:Ludovico Maracci 6169: 6168: 1503–1512 6167: 6123: 6105: 6090: 6071: 5811:Variant readings 5805: 5791: 5744: 5667: 5655: 5641: 5631: 5615: 5603: 5532: 5505:Robert of Ketton 5479:Tafsir al-Tabari 5378:linguistic usage 5295: 5275: 5253: 5251:Haqaiq al-Tafsir 5217:divine attribute 5210: 5160: 5128: 5033:Ma'ariful Qur'an 5029:Tafsir al-Tabari 4990:Grand Ayatollahs 4903: 4897: 4881:classical Arabic 4878: 4843: 4828: 4808: 4788: 4776: 4750: 4726: 4713:, 18th century, 4707: 4665: 4653: 4624: 4580: 4567: 4507: 4488: 4478: 4337: 4310: 4296:. Consequently, 4241: 4234: 4227: 4213:Islam portal 4211: 4210: 4209: 3619: 3596: 3595: 3567:Islamic theology 3563:dâ'il an-nubuwwa 3560: 3545:Dala’il al-i'jaz 3506: 3429: 3397: 3389: 3361: 3355: 3344:), remembrance ( 3343: 3332:self-referential 3269: 3263: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3227: 3221: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3134: 3132:ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt 3129: 3104: 3094: 3093: 3091: 2992:Syed Nomanul Haq 2805:Ismail al-Faruqi 2642:as described in 2583:general purposes 2576: 2445:month of Ramadan 2423:It also affirms 2290:, preaches that 2261: 2255: 2170:animal sacrifice 2079: 2065: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1950:existence of God 1926:Creation and God 1825:culture of Arabs 1813:Syriac Christian 1809:Jewish-Christian 1772:Islamic sciences 1722: 1719: 1684: 1653:Sanaa manuscript 1651:A page from the 1523:ascribed to the 1514: 1505:on authority of 1500: 1469: 1459: 1430: 1428: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1398: 1396: 1353: 1347: 1333: 1305: 1291: 1289: 1280: 1247: 1244:Sahih al-Bukhari 1136: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1099:), 'the guide' ( 1098: 1092: 1083: 1075: 1067: 1059: 1051: 1044:definite article 1041: 1033: 1025: 1019: 998: 985: 978: 972: 971: 966: 956: 955: 953: 947: 936: 925: 905: 898: 891: 849:Quran and Sunnah 524:Sanaa manuscript 493:First revelation 466: 465: 458: 450: 438: 411: 404:apocryphal texts 389:variant readings 382: 380: 371: 369: 326:, including the 279: 270: 208: 207: 194: 193: 186: 185: 115:Classical Arabic 90: 87: 74:early manuscript 66: 57: 47: 45: 43: 28: 27: 21357: 21356: 21352: 21351: 21350: 21348: 21347: 21346: 21327:Religious texts 21292: 21291: 21290: 21285: 21262:(Scientologist) 21252:Book of Shadows 21204: 21199:Roman Catechism 21181:(Protestantism) 21175:(Protestantism) 21147: 21090: 21019:Samaritan Torah 20949: 20942:Religious texts 20939: 20909: 20904: 20884: 20882: 20866: 20788:Cultural Muslim 20759: 20726: 20682:Other religions 20672: 20668: 20650: 20585: 20552: 20499: 20442: 20440:Islamic studies 20436: 20418: 20252: 20197: 20174: 20121: 20066: 20065: 20038: 19987:Moral teachings 19930: 19912: 19886:Nation of Islam 19847:Twelver Shi'ism 19794: 19760:Religious texts 19754: 19672:Early conquests 19655: 19637: 19589: 19509: 19498: 19492: 19462: 19457: 19443: 19402: 19340: 19334: 19257: 19218: 19173: 19159: 19133: 19097: 19070: 19044: 19043:Mentioned idols 19038: 19000: 18998: 18992: 18937:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 18900: 18881: 18872:Laylat al-Mabit 18855: 18807:('The Evening') 18796:Dulūk ash-Shams 18764:('The Morning') 18758:('The Morning') 18695: 18689: 18660: 18635: 18629: 18618:Days of battles 18589: 18543: 18533: 18494:Incident of Ifk 18486: 18471: 18462:Palestine River 18332: 18301:Masjid al-Dirar 18231: 18225: 18172: 18120: 18112: 17967: 17963: 17957: 17894:'Blessed' Land' 17875: 17852: 17716: 17710: 17691:Umayyad Dynasty 17652: 17638: 17599:Lot's daughters 17583: 17582:('People of the 17581: 17573: 17525:(people of Hud) 17511: 17497: 17489:(Gog and Magog) 17372:People of Ilyas 17325: 17323: 17317: 17250:Jesus' apostles 17227:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 17211: 17192: 17138: 17132: 17096:of Moses' time) 17064: 17040:Wise, pious man 17027:Wife of Pharaoh 17019:Imraʾat Firʿawn 17006:Aaron and Moses 17005: 16999: 16955:(Benjamin) and 16944: 16938: 16856:Family of Noah 16821: 16802: 16765: 16720: 16691:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 16637: 16635: 16633: 16623: 16549:ibn Zakariyyā ( 16378: 16357: 16328: 16285: 16236: 16198:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 16188:('The Spirit') 16162: 16140:Kirāman Kātibīn 16135:Harut and Marut 16112:Angels of Hell 16088: 16023: 15910: 15876: 15865: 15852: 15846: 15770: 15753: 15745:Wayback Machine 15734: 15729: 15724: 15694: 15684: 15663: 15641: 15620: 15610:Quranic Studies 15586: 15562: 15539: 15515: 15496: 15486: 15467: 15448: 15429: 15427:Topical studies 15418:Tafsir al-Mizan 15405: 15386: 15380: 15370: 15351: 15329: 15310: 15288: 15269: 15250: 15231: 15225: 15223:Further reading 15215: 15153:Heinrichs, W.P. 15125: 15099: 15038: 15036: 15018: 14965: 14944: 14920: 14876: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14801:Rowson, Everett 14756: 14733: 14708: 14689: 14671: 14666: 14665: 14658: 14637: 14633: 14622: 14603: 14599: 14592: 14578: 14574: 14566: 14562: 14557: 14553: 14547:Ziolkowski 2007 14545: 14541: 14534: 14515: 14511: 14496: 14495: 14491: 14484: 14466: 14462: 14452: 14450: 14442: 14441: 14437: 14427: 14425: 14414: 14413: 14409: 14401: 14397: 14390: 14376: 14372: 14365: 14351: 14347: 14340: 14322: 14318: 14307: 14303: 14295:, p. 435; 14291: 14287: 14280: 14261: 14257: 14247: 14245: 14237: 14236: 14232: 14222: 14220: 14212: 14211: 14207: 14197: 14195: 14182: 14181: 14177: 14158: 14154: 14144: 14142: 14129: 14128: 14124: 14116: 14112: 14099: 14098: 14094: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14054: 14050: 14043: 14022: 14015: 14008: 13992: 13988: 13981: 13962: 13958: 13951: 13928: 13921: 13911: 13903: 13896: 13873: 13869: 13846: 13842: 13832: 13830: 13823: 13804: 13800: 13793: 13779: 13775: 13748: 13744: 13737: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13697: 13693: 13686: 13672: 13668: 13663:on 19 May 2020. 13651: 13650: 13646: 13635: 13617: 13613: 13603: 13601: 13586: 13582: 13577:on 19 May 2020. 13563: 13559: 13549: 13547: 13537: 13533: 13529: 13512: 13493: 13486: 13474: 13468: 13464: 13454: 13452: 13435: 13431: 13421: 13419: 13406: 13405: 13401: 13394: 13372: 13368: 13355: 13354: 13350: 13345: 13341: 13324: 13323: 13319: 13311: 13304: 13300: 13287: 13286: 13282: 13272: 13270: 13266: 13259: 13255: 13254: 13250: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13233: 13224: 13220: 13214: 13194: 13185: 13175: 13173: 13158: 13154: 13144: 13142: 13127: 13123: 13096: 13089: 13082: 13068: 13064: 13047: 13046: 13042: 13032: 13030: 13012: 13003: 12993: 12991: 12973: 12969: 12942: 12938: 12931: 12917: 12913: 12906: 12892: 12885: 12875: 12873: 12855: 12851: 12841: 12839: 12837: 12821:. p. 258. 12819:Oxford Academic 12811: 12807: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12748: 12738: 12736: 12731: 12730: 12726: 12716: 12711: 12707: 12702: 12698: 12693: 12689: 12679: 12677: 12668: 12667: 12663: 12653: 12651: 12644: 12628: 12624: 12613: 12609: 12601: 12597: 12587: 12585: 12575: 12571: 12554: 12553: 12549: 12544:on 8 June 2008. 12536: 12535: 12531: 12524:Tafsir Al-Mizan 12518: 12517: 12510: 12499: 12495: 12481: 12477: 12464: 12463: 12459: 12453:The Study Quran 12447: 12443: 12433: 12431: 12427: 12420: 12416: 12415: 12411: 12402: 12398: 12389: 12388: 12384: 12376: 12372: 12365: 12349: 12345: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12302: 12298: 12288: 12286: 12284:World Religions 12278:Carroll, Jill. 12276: 12272: 12262: 12260: 12254:"Weird science" 12250: 12246: 12236: 12234: 12202: 12198: 12188: 12186: 12176: 12172: 12165: 12151: 12147: 12137: 12135: 12133: 12117: 12113: 12101: 12097: 12085: 12081: 12070: 12066: 12054: 12047: 12039: 12035: 12020: 12016: 11997: 11984: 11976: 11972: 11961: 11957: 11947: 11945: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11903: 11899: 11894: 11890: 11882: 11878: 11863: 11859: 11854: 11850: 11846:Vgl. Martin 533 11845: 11841: 11831: 11829: 11818: 11814: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11791: 11785: 11781: 11768: 11761: 11751: 11749: 11738: 11734: 11724: 11706: 11699: 11688: 11674: 11670: 11654: 11653: 11646: 11632: 11628: 11615: 11611: 11600: 11596: 11573: 11566: 11523:Karen Armstrong 11512: 11508: 11501: 11477: 11473: 11468: 11464: 11457: 11443: 11439: 11431: 11427: 11396:Brown, Norman O 11393: 11389: 11378: 11374: 11364: 11362: 11361:on 4 March 2008 11347: 11343: 11335: 11331: 11321: 11319: 11309: 11305: 11298: 11278:Mir M (2006). " 11276: 11272: 11266: 11245: 11241: 11233: 11226: 11218: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11194: 11193: 11189: 11182: 11165: 11161: 11154: 11124: 11117: 11099: 11095: 11087: 11083: 11075: 11071: 11064: 11056:. p. 580. 11043: 11039: 11032: 11024:. p. 319. 11014: 11010: 11005: 11001: 10991: 10989: 10979: 10975: 10967: 10963: 10953: 10951: 10942: 10941: 10937: 10927:Ruthven, Malise 10924: 10920: 10910: 10908: 10893: 10889: 10880: 10876: 10872:, 2016: p.120-1 10868: 10861: 10851: 10849: 10836: 10832: 10801: 10797: 10789: 10785: 10777: 10768: 10758: 10756: 10750:"Weird science" 10746: 10735: 10725: 10723: 10717: 10713: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10674: 10673: 10666: 10658:Stark, Rodney, 10657: 10653: 10646: 10632: 10628: 10618: 10616: 10584: 10580: 10570: 10568: 10560: 10556:Ali, Shamsher. 10554: 10550: 10541: 10540: 10536: 10528: 10524: 10515: 10514: 10510: 10500: 10498: 10487: 10483: 10459: 10455: 10446: 10445: 10441: 10434: 10418: 10414: 10408:Genesis 2:10–14 10406: 10402: 10395: 10375: 10371: 10354: 10350: 10345: 10341: 10298: 10294: 10287: 10280: 10268: 10264: 10255: 10251: 10243: 10239: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10206: 10205: 10201: 10191: 10189: 10187:Washington Post 10179: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10162:on 4 April 2023 10152: 10148: 10141: 10125: 10121: 10111: 10109: 10101: 10100: 10096: 10092:. 2007, S. 507. 10083: 10079: 10069: 10067: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10040: 10036: 10028: 10024: 10017: 10003: 9996: 9989: 9973: 9966: 9961: 9957: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9935: 9931: 9924: 9908: 9904: 9885: 9881: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9858: 9854: 9853: 9849: 9828: 9824: 9817: 9803: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9749: 9738: 9720: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9688: 9684: 9677: 9673: 9663: 9661: 9654: 9650: 9641: 9637: 9630: 9606: 9602: 9589: 9588: 9584: 9571: 9570: 9566: 9553: 9552: 9548: 9540: 9536: 9528: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9504: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9480: 9476: 9469: 9449: 9445: 9436: 9435: 9431: 9420: 9406: 9402: 9395: 9381: 9377: 9363: 9349: 9345: 9327: 9323: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9287: 9283: 9276: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9244: 9234: 9227: 9220: 9206: 9199: 9189: 9187: 9178: 9177: 9173: 9160: 9156: 9146: 9144: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9094: 9092: 9082: 9078: 9047: 9043: 9020: 9016: 8994: 8993: 8989: 8974: 8970: 8954: 8950: 8935:10.2307/1596266 8927:Studia Islamica 8923: 8916: 8893: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8850: 8811: 8790: 8781: 8776: 8772: 8767: 8763: 8736: 8732: 8717: 8713: 8702: 8698: 8687: 8683: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8652: 8648: 8640: 8633: 8625: 8621: 8610: 8606: 8562: 8555: 8547: 8543: 8533: 8531: 8521: 8517: 8489: 8480: 8472: 8468: 8455: 8454: 8450: 8413: 8409: 8391: 8384: 8377: 8363: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8309: 8308: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8281: 8272: 8262: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8245: 8238: 8224: 8213: 8203: 8201: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8157: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8134: 8106:Houtsma, M. Th. 8102: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8006: 7999: 7992: 7978: 7961: 7953: 7949: 7941: 7937: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7891: 7887: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7852: 7848: 7839: 7835: 7826: 7822: 7810: 7806: 7798: 7794: 7786: 7782: 7775: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7659: 7655: 7644: 7630: 7626: 7612: 7608: 7593: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7524: 7520: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7475: 7474: 7467: 7446: 7442: 7434: 7430: 7422: 7418: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7383: 7374: 7370: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7259: 7237: 7233: 7228: 7224: 7219: 7215: 7206: 7202: 7181: 7177: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7088: 7051: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7017: 6971:Literary Arabic 6960: 6956: 6928: 6924: 6905: 6901: 6879: 6875: 6859: 6855: 6842: 6838: 6819: 6815: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6735:The True Furqan 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6611:Arabic alphabet 6607: 6467:Syriac language 6441: 6436: 6428: 6422: 6409:Matsyendranatha 6325: 6302:Gospel of James 6282: 6276: 6164: 6139: 6132: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6097: 6091: 6082: 6080:Brooklyn Museum 6074:Folio from the 6072: 5972: 5966: 5961: 5923:Nafi' al-Madani 5831: 5829:Ten recitations 5813: 5712: 5706: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5659: 5656: 5647: 5632: 5623: 5616: 5607: 5604: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5306: 5304:Reappropriation 5242: 5063: 5055:Main articles: 5053: 5025:Tafsir Al Kabir 5006:Hujjat al-Islam 4968:their followers 4950:Zayd ibn Thabit 4871: 4859:Main articles: 4857: 4850: 4844: 4835: 4829: 4820: 4817:Abbasid caliphs 4809: 4800: 4789: 4780: 4777: 4768: 4759:enamelled glass 4751: 4742: 4727: 4718: 4715:Brooklyn Museum 4708: 4672: 4620: 4610:The Clear Quran 4596: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4470: 4441: 4435: 4333: 4245: 4207: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4142:Other religions 4137:Arabic language 4099: 4089: 4088: 4017:Moral teachings 3908: 3894: 3893: 3884:Spread of Islam 3829: 3819: 3818: 3806:(jurisprudence) 3788:Qisas al-Anbiya 3737: 3736: 3716: 3715: 3684: 3674: 3673: 3629: 3594: 3573:movement, etc. 3549:Asraral-balagha 3434:points out the 3378: 3370:Main articles: 3368: 3325:Norman O. Brown 3282: 3100: 3014: 3006:Main articles: 3004: 2914:Big Bang theory 2879:Ziauddin Sardar 2785:Nidhal Guessoum 2773:M. Shamsher Ali 2769: 2763: 2609: 2603: 2519:Safaitic-Arabic 2472:5 daily prayers 2312: 2257: 2251: 2224:is a prominent 2166:child sacrifice 2121:of the perfect 2061: 2046: 2040: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1940:The Quran uses 1938: 1930:Main articles: 1928: 1918:, sacrifice of 1894:as well as the 1864:Family of Amram 1854:The stories of 1849:Mohammed Arkoun 1801:Quranic studies 1743: 1737: 1720: 1608: 1574: 1568:Quranic studies 1566:Main articles: 1564: 1425: 1418:Hafsa bint Umar 1404: 1401:Zayd ibn Thabit 1393: 1378: 1366:Main articles: 1364: 1313:in the year 10 1286: 1158: 1153: 1145:Main articles: 1143: 918: 909: 864: 863: 839: 838: 829: 828: 814: 813: 812:Characteristics 804: 803: 793: 791:Related persons 756: 755: 744: 743: 722: 721: 710: 709: 671: 670: 659: 658: 605: 604: 595: 594: 549: 548: 539: 538: 483: 482: 407: 377: 366: 291:Quranic studies 287:Arabic language 205: 183: 164: 158: 137: 91: 88: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21355: 21345: 21344: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21314: 21309: 21304: 21287: 21286: 21284: 21283: 21277: 21271: 21263: 21255: 21249: 21241: 21235: 21227: 21221: 21218:Book of Mormon 21214: 21212: 21206: 21205: 21203: 21202: 21196: 21190: 21182: 21176: 21170: 21164: 21157: 21155: 21149: 21148: 21146: 21145: 21139: 21133: 21127: 21121: 21115: 21114: 21113: 21100: 21098: 21092: 21091: 21089: 21088: 21085:Divine Liturgy 21082: 21081:(Neoplatonism) 21076: 21070: 21064: 21058: 21052: 21044: 21038: 21037: 21036: 21035:(Christianity) 21030: 21029: 21028: 21022: 21021:(Samaritanism) 21004: 20998: 20984: 20978: 20972: 20966: 20959: 20957: 20951: 20950: 20938: 20937: 20930: 20923: 20915: 20906: 20905: 20903: 20902: 20892: 20879: 20876: 20875: 20872: 20871: 20868: 20867: 20865: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20823: 20822: 20812: 20811: 20810: 20805: 20800: 20790: 20785: 20784: 20783: 20778: 20767: 20765: 20764:Related topics 20761: 20760: 20758: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20736: 20734: 20728: 20727: 20725: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20704: 20703: 20702: 20697: 20686: 20684: 20674: 20673: 20660: 20659: 20656: 20655: 20652: 20651: 20649: 20648: 20643: 20636: 20631: 20630: 20629: 20619: 20614: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20593: 20591: 20587: 20586: 20584: 20583: 20578: 20573: 20568: 20562: 20560: 20554: 20553: 20551: 20550: 20545: 20540: 20535: 20530: 20525: 20520: 20515: 20509: 20507: 20501: 20500: 20498: 20497: 20492: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20456: 20454: 20444: 20443: 20428: 20427: 20424: 20423: 20420: 20419: 20417: 20416: 20411: 20410: 20409: 20397: 20395:Sources of law 20392: 20387: 20386: 20385: 20375: 20368: 20363: 20356: 20351: 20344: 20339: 20334: 20329: 20324: 20319: 20314: 20309: 20302: 20295: 20294: 20293: 20288: 20283: 20273: 20268: 20260: 20258: 20254: 20253: 20251: 20250: 20243: 20236: 20229: 20222: 20215: 20208: 20200: 20198: 20196: 20195: 20190: 20185: 20179: 20176: 20175: 20173: 20172: 20165: 20160: 20153: 20146: 20139: 20131: 20129: 20123: 20122: 20120: 20119: 20112: 20105: 20098: 20091: 20086: 20080: 20078: 20068: 20067: 20064: 20063: 20058: 20052: 20044: 20043: 20040: 20039: 20037: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20019:Social welfare 20016: 20011: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19989: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19939: 19933: 19931: 19929: 19928: 19923: 19917: 19914: 19913: 19911: 19910: 19905: 19900: 19899: 19898: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19877: 19876: 19871: 19870: 19869: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19839: 19834: 19829: 19828: 19827: 19804: 19802: 19796: 19795: 19793: 19792: 19785: 19780: 19775: 19770: 19764: 19762: 19756: 19755: 19753: 19752: 19751: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19730: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19703: 19698: 19691: 19684: 19682:Historiography 19679: 19674: 19669: 19664: 19658: 19656: 19654: 19653: 19648: 19642: 19639: 19638: 19636: 19635: 19628: 19621: 19614: 19607: 19599: 19597: 19591: 19590: 19588: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19554: 19553: 19543: 19536: 19535: 19534: 19523: 19521: 19511: 19510: 19503: 19500: 19499: 19491: 19490: 19483: 19476: 19468: 19459: 19458: 19452: 19449: 19448: 19445: 19444: 19442: 19441: 19435: 19434: 19433: 19432:(River or sea) 19427: 19414: 19412: 19408: 19407: 19404: 19403: 19401: 19400: 19395: 19390: 19380: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19358: 19344: 19342: 19336: 19335: 19333: 19332: 19331: 19330: 19322: 19312: 19302: 19292: 19282: 19276: 19265: 19263: 19256: 19250: 19244: 19238: 19232: 19226: 19224: 19220: 19219: 19217: 19216: 19215: 19214: 19202: 19201: 19200: 19188: 19177: 19175: 19169: 19168: 19165: 19164: 19161: 19160: 19158: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19141: 19139: 19135: 19134: 19132: 19131: 19126: 19121: 19116: 19111: 19105: 19103: 19099: 19098: 19096: 19095: 19084: 19078: 19076: 19069: 19068: 19052: 19048: 19046: 19037: 19036: 19033: 19028: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19004: 19002: 18994: 18993: 18991: 18990: 18982: 18969: 18968: 18967: 18962: 18941: 18933: 18924: 18910: 18908: 18902: 18901: 18891: 18890: 18887: 18886: 18883: 18882: 18880: 18875: 18868: 18863: 18861: 18857: 18856: 18854: 18853: 18852: 18851: 18836: 18835: 18834: 18833: 18832: 18823: 18808: 18793: 18784: 18783: 18782: 18772:('The Night') 18767: 18766: 18765: 18759: 18747: 18728:('Praising'), 18699: 18697: 18696:or remembrance 18691: 18690: 18688: 18687: 18678: 18668: 18666: 18662: 18661: 18659: 18658: 18657: 18656: 18651: 18641: 18639: 18631: 18630: 18628: 18627: 18622: 18619: 18616: 18607: 18597: 18595: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18575:Battle of Uhud 18572: 18567: 18562: 18560:Battle of Badr 18557: 18547: 18545: 18535: 18534: 18532: 18531: 18526: 18520: 18508: 18503: 18499:Laylat al-Qadr 18495: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18477: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18470: 18469: 18463: 18460: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18426: 18417: 18414: 18409: 18408: 18407: 18406: 18405: 18400: 18395: 18391:Ghār ath-Thawr 18387: 18382: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18344: 18342: 18338: 18337: 18334: 18333: 18331: 18330: 18325: 18324: 18323: 18322: 18321: 18316: 18303: 18298: 18288: 18278: 18256: 18251: 18244: 18235: 18233: 18227: 18226: 18224: 18223: 18214:('Township of 18209: 18199: 18198: 18197: 18183: 18181: 18174: 18173: 18171: 18170: 18161: 18160: 18159: 18158: 18157: 18142:Al-Wādil-Ayman 18136:Valley of Tuwa 18124: 18122: 18114: 18113: 18111: 18110: 18105: 18104: 18103: 18081: 18080: 18079: 18077:Safa and Marwa 18074: 18066: 18056: 18047: 18032: 18027: 18022: 18014: 18005: 17992: 17991: 17990: 17971: 17969: 17956: 17955: 17952: 17942: 17937: 17927: 17925:Door of Hittah 17922: 17910: 17897: 17896: 17895: 17883: 17881: 17877: 17876: 17866: 17865: 17862: 17861: 17858: 17857: 17854: 17853: 17851: 17850: 17849: 17848: 17842: 17831: 17830: 17829: 17824: 17823: 17822: 17817: 17802: 17801: 17800: 17795: 17770: 17769: 17768: 17760: 17748: 17740: 17739: 17738: 17728: 17725:Ahl al-Dhimmah 17720: 17718: 17712: 17711: 17709: 17708: 17702: 17693: 17688: 17686:Iranian people 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17662: 17656: 17654: 17648: 17647: 17644: 17643: 17640: 17639: 17637: 17636: 17633: 17632: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17611: 17608: 17607: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17587: 17585: 17575: 17574: 17572: 17571: 17570: 17569: 17553: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17531: 17526: 17519: 17517: 17499: 17498: 17496: 17495: 17490: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17461: 17460: 17449: 17448: 17447: 17446: 17445: 17439: 17426:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 17418: 17413: 17408: 17399: 17398: 17397: 17394:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 17391: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17356: 17348: 17340: 17333: 17327: 17316: 17315: 17314:Nation of Noah 17312: 17306: 17297: 17292: 17287: 17282: 17269: 17264: 17263: 17262: 17247: 17237: 17236: 17235: 17232: 17223: 17221: 17213: 17212: 17202: 17201: 17198: 17197: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17190: 17185: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17169: 17166:Caleb or Kaleb 17163: 17158: 17153: 17148: 17142: 17140: 17134: 17133: 17131: 17130: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17108: 17102: 17097: 17087: 17076: 17074: 17070: 17069: 17066: 17065: 17063: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17036: 17035: 17030: 17016: 17009: 17007: 17001: 17000: 16998: 16997: 16992: 16991: 16990: 16979: 16973: 16960: 16948: 16946: 16937: 16936: 16930: 16929: 16928: 16923: 16921:Queen of Sheba 16918: 16910: 16909: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16888: 16887: 16886: 16884:Isaac's mother 16881: 16876: 16870: 16867: 16866: 16865: 16862: 16854: 16849: 16848: 16847: 16842: 16833: 16831: 16823: 16822: 16812: 16811: 16808: 16807: 16804: 16803: 16801: 16800: 16797:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 16794: 16784: 16777: 16775: 16771: 16770: 16767: 16766: 16764: 16763: 16749: 16739: 16734: 16728: 16726: 16725:Debatable ones 16722: 16721: 16719: 16718: 16708: 16707:Friend of God) 16698: 16688: 16687: 16686: 16680: 16660: 16659: 16658: 16652: 16641: 16639: 16634:('Those of the 16622: 16621: 16611: 16601: 16600: 16599: 16593: 16569: 16568: 16567: 16554: 16544: 16533: 16523: 16513: 16508: 16498: 16497: 16496: 16481: 16471: 16465: 16459: 16449: 16443: 16437: 16431: 16421: 16411: 16401: 16390: 16388: 16380: 16379: 16367: 16366: 16363: 16362: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16355: 16348: 16336: 16334: 16330: 16329: 16327: 16326: 16318: 16302: 16300: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16283: 16276: 16268: 16261: 16253: 16251: 16242: 16241: 16238: 16237: 16235: 16234: 16228: 16220: 16209: 16208: 16207: 16206: 16205: 16195: 16192:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 16174: 16172: 16161: 16160: 16155: 16154: 16153: 16148: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16126: 16125: 16118: 16109: 16107: 16094: 16093: 16090: 16089: 16087: 16086: 16074: 16062: 16052: 16042: 16031: 16029: 16025: 16024: 16022: 16021: 16012: 16003: 15994: 15984: 15971: 15961: 15948: 15939: 15929: 15927: 15920: 15912: 15911: 15909: 15908: 15907: 15906: 15881: 15878: 15877: 15867: 15866: 15854: 15853: 15845: 15844: 15837: 15830: 15822: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15759: 15752: 15749: 15748: 15747: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15727:External links 15725: 15723: 15722: 15714: 15693: 15690: 15689: 15688: 15682: 15667: 15661: 15645: 15639: 15619: 15616: 15615: 15614: 15602: 15590: 15584: 15566: 15560: 15548:Luling, Gunter 15544: 15537: 15525:, ed. (2000). 15519: 15513: 15495: 15492: 15491: 15490: 15484: 15471: 15465: 15452: 15446: 15428: 15425: 15424: 15423: 15409: 15403: 15382:Main article: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15374: 15368: 15355: 15349: 15337:Sells, Michael 15333: 15327: 15314: 15308: 15296:Rahman, Fazlur 15292: 15286: 15273: 15267: 15254: 15248: 15230: 15227: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15220: 15219: 15213: 15198: 15186:10.2307/596868 15180:(3): 435–441. 15169: 15149:van Donzel, E. 15145:Bosworth, C.E. 15129: 15123: 15103: 15097: 15083:Rippin, Andrew 15079: 15061:(3): 291–315. 15045: 15022: 15016: 14998: 14986:10.1086/372742 14980:(3): 203–212. 14969: 14963: 14948: 14943:978-0691155692 14942: 14924: 14918: 14905: 14880: 14874: 14850: 14837: 14817: 14797:Krämer, Gudrun 14793:Cook, David B. 14789: 14760: 14754: 14737: 14731: 14712: 14706: 14693: 14687: 14670: 14667: 14664: 14663: 14656: 14631: 14620: 14597: 14590: 14572: 14560: 14551: 14539: 14532: 14509: 14489: 14482: 14460: 14435: 14407: 14395: 14388: 14370: 14363: 14345: 14338: 14316: 14301: 14285: 14278: 14255: 14230: 14205: 14188:Madain Project 14175: 14152: 14122: 14110: 14092: 14078: 14048: 14041: 14027:, ed. (1989). 14013: 14006: 13986: 13979: 13956: 13949: 13935:Rippin, Andrew 13919: 13894: 13867: 13840: 13822:978-1904063148 13821: 13798: 13791: 13773: 13742: 13735: 13717: 13714: 13713: 13710: 13702: 13691: 13684: 13666: 13644: 13633: 13611: 13600:on 18 May 2020 13580: 13557: 13531: 13528: 13527: 13524: 13516: 13510: 13498:, ed. (2006), 13496:Leaman, Oliver 13484: 13481:. p. 109. 13462: 13429: 13399: 13392: 13366: 13348: 13339: 13317: 13298: 13280: 13248: 13231: 13218: 13212: 13198:Leaman, Oliver 13183: 13152: 13121: 13110:(1–2): 41–55. 13087: 13080: 13062: 13040: 13001: 12967: 12936: 12929: 12911: 12904: 12883: 12872:on 5 July 2008 12849: 12835: 12805: 12762: 12746: 12724: 12705: 12696: 12687: 12661: 12642: 12622: 12619:. p. 525. 12615:بازمول, محمد. 12607: 12595: 12569: 12566:on 1 May 2008. 12547: 12529: 12508: 12505:. p. 129. 12493: 12490:. p. 193. 12475: 12470:Slate Magazine 12457: 12441: 12409: 12396: 12382: 12370: 12363: 12343: 12336: 12316: 12296: 12270: 12244: 12196: 12170: 12163: 12145: 12131: 12111: 12095: 12079: 12064: 12045: 12033: 12014: 12012: 12011: 12001: 11995: 11970: 11955: 11928: 11917:on 18 May 2011 11897: 11888: 11876: 11857: 11848: 11839: 11812: 11779: 11774:Avaliable at: 11759: 11732: 11722: 11716:. p. 21. 11697: 11686: 11668: 11644: 11626: 11624:, Brill, 2007. 11609: 11594: 11564: 11539:Joseph Schacht 11506: 11499: 11471: 11462: 11455: 11437: 11425: 11412:10.2307/466329 11387: 11372: 11341: 11329: 11303: 11296: 11270: 11264: 11239: 11212: 11187: 11180: 11159: 11152: 11115: 11093: 11081: 11069: 11062: 11037: 11031:978-0810855281 11030: 11008: 10999: 10973: 10971:, p. 119. 10961: 10950:. 21 July 2014 10935: 10931:A Fury For God 10918: 10887: 10874: 10859: 10830: 10795: 10783: 10766: 10733: 10711: 10693: 10682:on 23 May 2013 10664: 10651: 10645:978-1848855175 10644: 10626: 10578: 10548: 10534: 10522: 10508: 10481: 10453: 10439: 10432: 10412: 10400: 10393: 10369: 10348: 10339: 10292: 10278: 10262: 10249: 10237: 10233:Al-Jallad 2022 10225: 10199: 10173: 10146: 10139: 10119: 10094: 10077: 10047: 10045:. 1967, S. 49. 10034: 10022: 10015: 9994: 9987: 9964: 9955: 9941: 9929: 9922: 9902: 9879: 9847: 9822: 9815: 9797: 9795:, p. 428. 9785: 9773: 9761: 9747: 9736: 9711: 9696:. p. 18. 9682: 9671: 9648: 9635: 9628: 9600: 9582: 9564: 9546: 9534: 9522: 9520:, p. 200. 9510: 9498: 9486: 9474: 9467: 9453:Leaman, Oliver 9443: 9429: 9418: 9400: 9393: 9375: 9361: 9343: 9338:Dhū al-Qarnayn 9329:Watt 1960–2007 9321: 9308: 9302:978-9004100633 9301: 9281: 9274: 9254: 9242:Open Democracy 9225: 9218: 9197: 9186:. 24 July 2015 9171: 9154: 9142:New York Times 9128: 9102: 9076: 9057:(1–2): 1–129. 9041: 9030:(4): 343–436. 9014: 8987: 8968: 8948: 8914: 8909:10.1086/674909 8903:(1): 166–169. 8887: 8875: 8862: 8860:of the Quran." 8848: 8846: 8845: 8838: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8818: 8809: 8795:, ed. (2006). 8793:Leaman, Oliver 8779: 8770: 8761: 8750:. BRILL: vii. 8730: 8721:Hadith Studies 8711: 8696: 8681: 8663: 8646: 8644:, pp. 3–5 8631: 8619: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8594: 8587: 8584: 8581: 8574: 8553: 8551:, p. 117. 8541: 8515: 8493:, p. 99: 8491:Tabatabae 1988 8478: 8476:, p. 121. 8466: 8448: 8407: 8382: 8375: 8352: 8327: 8297: 8270: 8243: 8236: 8211: 8186: 8151: 8139: 8132: 8118:(1 ed.). 8096: 8084: 8072: 8050: 8043: 8025: 8018: 7997: 7990: 7959: 7955:Tabatabae 1988 7947: 7935: 7932:. p. 338. 7910: 7903: 7885: 7871: 7864: 7846: 7833: 7820: 7804: 7792: 7780: 7742: 7712: 7705: 7685: 7675: 7669:. p. 21. 7653: 7642: 7624: 7606: 7586: 7552: 7518: 7493: 7465: 7440: 7428: 7416: 7404: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7351: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7321: 7312: 7303: 7294: 7284: 7275: 7266: 7257: 7231: 7222: 7213: 7200: 7175: 7122: 7106:the recitation 7071:Quranic Arabic 7015: 6954: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6678: 6664: 6650: 6634: 6631: 6606: 6603: 6477:sacred books ( 6434: 6421: 6418: 6407:, Indian yogi 6399:as well as in 6370:gospel harmony 6324: 6321: 6278:Main article: 6275: 6272: 6242:Constantinople 6215:Ottoman empire 6161:Pope Julius II 6138: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6125: 6118: 6116: 6107: 6100: 6098: 6092: 6085: 6083: 6073: 6066: 5968:Main article: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5941:Accordinng to 5927:Quran of Cairo 5812: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5793: 5766:Mustafa Ismail 5705: 5702: 5690:Umayyad Mosque 5681: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5626: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5598: 5523:Alexander Ross 5324:Main article: 5321: 5318: 5305: 5302: 5273:kashf al-asrar 5262:(d. 1209) and 5241: 5238: 5073:, followed by 5052: 5049: 4946:Ubayy ibn Ka'b 4856: 4855:Interpretation 4853: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4838: 4836: 4830: 4823: 4821: 4810: 4803: 4801: 4790: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4771: 4769: 4752: 4745: 4743: 4728: 4721: 4719: 4709: 4702: 4690:, metal work, 4671: 4670:In Islamic art 4668: 4615: 4614: 4605: 4598: 4597: 4584: 4548: 4547: 4538: 4531: 4530: 4511: 4434: 4431: 4392:asbab al-nuzul 4266:Laylat al-Qadr 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4097:Related topics 4095: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4079:Social welfare 4076: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3799: 3798: 3792: 3784: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3746: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3685: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3669:Predestination 3665: 3664: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650:Revealed Books 3647: 3641: 3640: 3630: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3620: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3593: 3590: 3582:Rashad Khalifa 3543:(d. 1078 CE), 3486:, traditional 3367: 3364: 3356:), criterion ( 3336:metatextuality 3281: 3280:Literary style 3278: 3197:Rashad Khalifa 3137:Arabic letters 3111:Queen of Sheba 3057:Queen of Sheba 3003: 3000: 2996:Muzaffar Iqbal 2950:Keith L. Moore 2938:thermodynamics 2855:, one of many 2853:Rima Ariadaeus 2765:Main article: 2762: 2759: 2640:Garden of Eden 2605:Main article: 2602: 2599: 2546:regarding it. 2529:, which was a 2490:is a command ( 2374:indoctrination 2329:Quran 18:65–82 2311: 2308: 2244:Īsā ibn Maryam 2190:Hijri calendar 2139:millat Ibrahim 2125:, and revered 2087:Islam regards 2042:Main article: 2039: 2036: 1927: 1924: 1892:Jewish history 1845:Queen of Sheba 1841:Seven sleepers 1784:the provisions 1739:Main article: 1736: 1733: 1580:as a crime of 1563: 1560: 1547:and Abbasids. 1462:Uthmanic codex 1429: 644–656 1397: 632–634 1363: 1360: 1358:are the same. 1270:ancient Arabia 1203:Battle of Badr 1187:Muslim history 1177:Night of Power 1157: 1154: 1142: 1139: 1034:('sign'), and 961:equivalent is 917: 914: 911: 910: 908: 907: 900: 893: 885: 882: 881: 880: 879: 874: 866: 865: 862: 861: 856: 851: 846: 840: 836: 835: 834: 831: 830: 827: 826: 821: 815: 811: 810: 809: 806: 805: 802: 801: 800: 799: 789: 786: 785: 779: 778: 773: 768: 763: 757: 751: 750: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 740: 739: 734: 723: 717: 716: 715: 712: 711: 708: 707: 702: 696: 695: 690: 684: 683: 678: 672: 666: 665: 664: 661: 660: 657: 656: 651: 646: 640: 639: 634: 629: 623: 622: 617: 612: 606: 602: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 585: 580: 574: 573: 572: 571: 566: 561: 550: 546: 545: 544: 541: 540: 537: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 514: 510: 509: 503: 502: 501: 500: 498:Asbab al-Nuzul 495: 484: 478: 477: 476: 473: 472: 385:Uthmanic codex 381: 644–656 370: 632–634 312:Night of Power 249:directly from 241:, believed by 235:religious text 217: 216: 201: 200: 179: 178: 172: 171: 149: 145: 144: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 93: 92: 89: 568–645 67: 59: 58: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21354: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21317:Islamic texts 21315: 21313: 21310: 21308: 21305: 21303: 21300: 21299: 21297: 21281: 21278: 21275: 21272: 21269: 21268: 21264: 21261: 21260: 21256: 21253: 21250: 21247: 21246: 21242: 21239: 21236: 21233: 21232: 21231:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 21228: 21225: 21222: 21219: 21216: 21215: 21213: 21211: 21207: 21200: 21197: 21194: 21191: 21189:(Anglicanism) 21188: 21187: 21183: 21180: 21177: 21174: 21171: 21169:(Lutheranism) 21168: 21165: 21162: 21159: 21158: 21156: 21154: 21150: 21143: 21140: 21137: 21134: 21131: 21128: 21125: 21122: 21119: 21116: 21111: 21108: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21101: 21099: 21097: 21093: 21086: 21083: 21080: 21077: 21074: 21071: 21068: 21065: 21062: 21059: 21056: 21053: 21050: 21049: 21048:Metamorphoses 21045: 21042: 21041:Bhagavad Gita 21039: 21034: 21033:New Testament 21031: 21026: 21023: 21020: 21017: 21016: 21014: 21011: 21010: 21008: 21005: 21002: 20999: 20996: 20995: 20990: 20989: 20985: 20983:(Zoroastrian) 20982: 20979: 20976: 20973: 20970: 20967: 20964: 20963:Pyramid Texts 20961: 20960: 20958: 20956: 20952: 20947: 20943: 20936: 20931: 20929: 20924: 20922: 20917: 20916: 20913: 20901: 20893: 20891: 20881: 20880: 20877: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20828: 20825: 20821: 20818: 20817: 20816: 20813: 20809: 20806: 20804: 20803:Post-Islamism 20801: 20799: 20796: 20795: 20794: 20791: 20789: 20786: 20782: 20779: 20777: 20774: 20773: 20772: 20769: 20768: 20766: 20762: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20737: 20735: 20733: 20729: 20723: 20720: 20718: 20715: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20705: 20701: 20700:Protestantism 20698: 20696: 20693: 20692: 20691: 20688: 20687: 20685: 20683: 20679: 20675: 20665: 20661: 20647: 20644: 20642: 20641: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20628: 20625: 20624: 20623: 20620: 20618: 20615: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20595: 20594: 20592: 20588: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20563: 20561: 20559: 20555: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20543:Ophthalmology 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20529: 20526: 20524: 20521: 20519: 20516: 20514: 20511: 20510: 20508: 20506: 20502: 20496: 20493: 20491: 20488: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20457: 20455: 20453: 20449: 20445: 20441: 20433: 20429: 20415: 20412: 20408: 20407: 20403: 20402: 20401: 20398: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20384: 20381: 20380: 20379: 20376: 20374: 20373: 20369: 20367: 20364: 20362: 20361: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20349: 20345: 20343: 20340: 20338: 20335: 20333: 20330: 20328: 20325: 20323: 20320: 20318: 20315: 20313: 20310: 20308: 20307: 20303: 20301: 20300: 20296: 20292: 20291:Death penalty 20289: 20287: 20284: 20282: 20279: 20278: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20267: 20266: 20262: 20261: 20259: 20257:Other aspects 20255: 20249: 20248: 20244: 20242: 20241: 20237: 20235: 20234: 20230: 20228: 20227: 20223: 20221: 20220: 20216: 20214: 20213: 20209: 20207: 20206: 20202: 20201: 20199: 20194: 20191: 20189: 20186: 20184: 20181: 20180: 20177: 20171: 20170: 20166: 20164: 20161: 20159: 20158: 20154: 20152: 20151: 20147: 20145: 20144: 20140: 20138: 20137: 20133: 20132: 20130: 20128: 20124: 20118: 20117: 20113: 20111: 20110: 20106: 20104: 20103: 20099: 20097: 20096: 20092: 20090: 20087: 20085: 20082: 20081: 20079: 20077: 20073: 20069: 20062: 20061:Jurisprudence 20059: 20057: 20054: 20053: 20049: 20045: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20009: 20005: 20003: 20000: 19998: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19934: 19932: 19927: 19924: 19922: 19919: 19918: 19915: 19909: 19906: 19904: 19901: 19897: 19894: 19893: 19892: 19889: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19875: 19872: 19868: 19865: 19864: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19844: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19826: 19822: 19818: 19814: 19811: 19810: 19809: 19806: 19805: 19803: 19801: 19800:Denominations 19797: 19791: 19790: 19786: 19784: 19781: 19779: 19776: 19774: 19771: 19769: 19766: 19765: 19763: 19761: 19757: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19713: 19709: 19708: 19707: 19704: 19702: 19699: 19697: 19696: 19692: 19690: 19689: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19673: 19670: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19659: 19657: 19652: 19649: 19647: 19644: 19643: 19640: 19634: 19633: 19629: 19627: 19626: 19622: 19620: 19619: 19615: 19613: 19612: 19608: 19606: 19605: 19601: 19600: 19598: 19596: 19592: 19586: 19585:Holiest sites 19583: 19581: 19580:Judgement Day 19578: 19576: 19575: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19552: 19549: 19548: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19541: 19537: 19533: 19530: 19529: 19528: 19525: 19524: 19522: 19520: 19516: 19512: 19508: 19507: 19501: 19496: 19489: 19484: 19482: 19477: 19475: 19470: 19469: 19466: 19455: 19450: 19439: 19436: 19431: 19428: 19425: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19409: 19399: 19396: 19394: 19391: 19388: 19384: 19381: 19378: 19374: 19371: 19366: 19362: 19359: 19356: 19352: 19349: 19348: 19346: 19345: 19343: 19339:Bushes, trees 19337: 19329: 19326: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19316: 19313: 19310: 19306: 19303: 19300: 19296: 19293: 19290: 19286: 19283: 19280: 19277: 19274: 19270: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19260: 19254: 19251: 19248: 19245: 19242: 19239: 19236: 19233: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19221: 19212: 19209: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19198: 19195: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19186: 19183: 19182: 19180: 19176: 19170: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19142: 19140: 19136: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19120: 19117: 19115: 19112: 19110: 19107: 19106: 19104: 19100: 19093: 19089: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19079: 19077: 19075:Of Israelites 19073: 19066: 19062: 19061: 19056: 19053: 19050: 19049: 19047: 19045:(cult images) 19041: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19026: 19025: 19021: 19019: 19018:Staff of Musa 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19005: 19003: 18995: 18988: 18987: 18983: 18980: 18976: 18975: 18970: 18966: 18963: 18960: 18959: 18955: 18954: 18952: 18948: 18947: 18942: 18939: 18938: 18934: 18931: 18930: 18925: 18922: 18918: 18917: 18912: 18911: 18909: 18907: 18903: 18896: 18892: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18873: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18858: 18849: 18848: 18843: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18830: 18829: 18824: 18821: 18818: 18817: 18815: 18814: 18809: 18806: 18805: 18800: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18791: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18779: 18774: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18763: 18760: 18757: 18754: 18753: 18751: 18748: 18745: 18742: 18741: 18739: 18738: 18733: 18732: 18727: 18726: 18721: 18720: 18715: 18714: 18709: 18705: 18704: 18698: 18692: 18685: 18684: 18679: 18676: 18675: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18663: 18655: 18652: 18649: 18646: 18645: 18643: 18642: 18640: 18638: 18634:Months of the 18632: 18626: 18623: 18620: 18617: 18614: 18613: 18608: 18605: 18604: 18599: 18598: 18596: 18592: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18555: 18554: 18549: 18548: 18546: 18540: 18536: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18521: 18518: 18514: 18513: 18512:Sayl al-ʿArim 18509: 18507: 18504: 18501: 18500: 18496: 18493: 18492: 18489: 18482: 18478: 18468: 18464: 18461: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433:(Mesopotamia) 18432: 18431: 18427: 18425: 18421: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18393: 18392: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18380: 18375: 18374: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18366: 18361: 18360: 18358: 18354: 18351: 18350: 18349: 18346: 18345: 18343: 18339: 18329: 18326: 18320: 18317: 18314: 18310: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18296: 18295:Sacred Mosque 18292: 18289: 18286: 18282: 18279: 18276: 18275: 18271: 18270: 18268: 18264: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18249: 18245: 18242: 18241: 18237: 18236: 18234: 18228: 18221: 18217: 18213: 18210: 18207: 18203: 18200: 18195: 18194: 18190: 18189: 18188: 18185: 18184: 18182: 18180: 18175: 18169: 18165: 18162: 18155: 18154: 18150: 18149: 18147: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18133: 18131: 18126: 18125: 18123: 18121:or Tīh Desert 18119: 18115: 18109: 18106: 18101: 18097: 18094: 18093: 18091: 18087: 18086: 18082: 18078: 18075: 18072: 18071: 18070:Maqām Ibrāhīm 18067: 18064: 18060: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18048: 18046: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18036: 18033: 18031: 18028: 18026: 18023: 18020: 18019: 18015: 18013: 18009: 18006: 18003: 17999: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17984: 17981: 17980: 17978: 17977: 17973: 17972: 17970: 17966: 17960: 17953: 17950: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17938: 17935: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17920: 17916: 17915: 17911: 17908: 17904: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17892: 17890: 17889: 17885: 17884: 17882: 17878: 17871: 17867: 17846: 17843: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17835: 17832: 17828: 17825: 17821: 17820:Rabbani/Rabbi 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17806: 17803: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17790: 17788: 17784: 17781: 17780: 17778: 17774: 17771: 17766: 17765: 17764: 17761: 17758: 17754: 17753: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17741: 17736: 17735: 17734: 17733: 17729: 17727: 17726: 17722: 17721: 17719: 17713: 17707: 17703: 17701: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17657: 17655: 17649: 17634: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17616: 17615: 17612: 17609: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17591: 17589: 17588: 17586: 17580: 17576: 17567: 17563: 17562:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 17560: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17545: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17510: 17506: 17505: 17500: 17494: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17459: 17456: 17455: 17454: 17450: 17443: 17440: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17427: 17424: 17423: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17406: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17392: 17389: 17386: 17383: 17382: 17380: 17378: 17377:People of Nuh 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17362: 17361: 17357: 17354: 17353: 17349: 17346: 17345: 17341: 17339: 17335: 17334: 17331: 17328: 17320: 17313: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17277: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17260: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17251: 17248: 17245: 17241: 17240:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 17238: 17233: 17230: 17229: 17228: 17225: 17224: 17222: 17218: 17214: 17207: 17203: 17189: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17170: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17157: 17156:Bal'am/Balaam 17154: 17152: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17143: 17141: 17139:not specified 17135: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17112: 17109: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17095: 17091: 17088: 17085: 17081: 17078: 17077: 17075: 17071: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17034: 17031: 17028: 17024: 17020: 17017: 17014: 17013: 17011: 17010: 17008: 17002: 16996: 16993: 16988: 16984: 16980: 16977: 16974: 16971: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16954: 16950: 16949: 16947: 16941: 16934: 16931: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16913: 16911: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16901:Mary's mother 16899: 16896: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16874: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16863: 16861: 16860:Father Lamech 16858: 16857: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16837: 16835: 16834: 16832: 16828: 16824: 16817: 16813: 16798: 16795: 16792: 16788: 16785: 16782: 16779: 16778: 16776: 16772: 16761: 16757: 16753: 16750: 16747: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16729: 16727: 16723: 16716: 16712: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16699: 16696: 16692: 16689: 16685:(Son of Mary) 16684: 16681: 16678: 16674: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16664: 16661: 16657: 16653: 16651: 16648: 16647: 16646: 16643: 16642: 16640: 16632: 16631: 16626: 16619: 16615: 16612: 16610:son of Jacob) 16609: 16605: 16602: 16597: 16594: 16591: 16587: 16583: 16580: 16579: 16577: 16573: 16570: 16565: 16564: 16562: 16558: 16555: 16552: 16548: 16545: 16542: 16538: 16534: 16532:son of David) 16531: 16527: 16524: 16521: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16506: 16502: 16499: 16495: 16492: 16491: 16489: 16485: 16482: 16479: 16475: 16472: 16469: 16466: 16463: 16460: 16457: 16453: 16450: 16447: 16444: 16441: 16438: 16435: 16432: 16429: 16425: 16422: 16419: 16415: 16412: 16409: 16405: 16402: 16399: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16377: 16372: 16368: 16354: 16353: 16349: 16347: 16343: 16342: 16338: 16337: 16335: 16331: 16324: 16323: 16319: 16316: 16313:(the (chief) 16312: 16311: 16307: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16294: 16293: 16288: 16282: 16281: 16277: 16274: 16273: 16269: 16267: 16266: 16262: 16260: 16259: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16248: 16243: 16232: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16221: 16218: 16214: 16210: 16203: 16199: 16196: 16193: 16190: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16182: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16175: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16165: 16159: 16156: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16124: 16123: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16113: 16111: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16101: 16100: 16095: 16084: 16080: 16079: 16075: 16072: 16068: 16067: 16063: 16060: 16056: 16053: 16050: 16046: 16045:Dābbat al-Arḍ 16043: 16040: 16036: 16033: 16032: 16030: 16026: 16019: 16018: 16013: 16010: 16009: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15995: 15993: 15990:(dog) of the 15989: 15985: 15982: 15978: 15977: 15972: 15969: 15965: 15962: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15949: 15946: 15945: 15940: 15937: 15936: 15931: 15930: 15928: 15924: 15921: 15917: 15913: 15904: 15900: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15886: 15883: 15882: 15879: 15872: 15868: 15864: 15859: 15855: 15851: 15843: 15838: 15836: 15831: 15829: 15824: 15823: 15820: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15779:Al-Quran.info 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15754: 15746: 15742: 15739: 15736: 15735: 15720: 15719: 15715: 15713: 15709: 15705: 15701: 15700: 15696: 15695: 15685: 15679: 15675: 15674: 15668: 15664: 15658: 15654: 15650: 15646: 15642: 15636: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15622: 15621: 15618:Encyclopedias 15611: 15607: 15603: 15599: 15595: 15594:Puin, Gerd R. 15591: 15587: 15581: 15577: 15576: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15557: 15553: 15549: 15545: 15540: 15538:0-7007-1256-9 15534: 15530: 15529: 15524: 15520: 15516: 15510: 15506: 15502: 15501:M.M. Al-Azami 15498: 15497: 15487: 15481: 15477: 15472: 15468: 15462: 15458: 15453: 15449: 15443: 15439: 15435: 15431: 15430: 15420: 15419: 15414: 15410: 15406: 15400: 15396: 15392: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15371: 15365: 15361: 15356: 15352: 15346: 15342: 15338: 15334: 15330: 15324: 15320: 15315: 15311: 15305: 15301: 15297: 15293: 15289: 15283: 15279: 15274: 15270: 15264: 15260: 15255: 15251: 15245: 15241: 15237: 15236:Bell, Richard 15233: 15232: 15216: 15210: 15206: 15205: 15199: 15195: 15191: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15170: 15166: 15162: 15158: 15154: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15141:Bianquis, Th. 15138: 15134: 15130: 15126: 15120: 15117:. Routledge. 15115: 15114: 15108: 15104: 15100: 15094: 15091:. Blackwell. 15090: 15089: 15084: 15080: 15076: 15072: 15068: 15064: 15060: 15056: 15055: 15050: 15046: 15035: 15031: 15027: 15023: 15019: 15013: 15009: 15008: 15003: 14999: 14995: 14991: 14987: 14983: 14979: 14975: 14970: 14966: 14960: 14957:. Archetype. 14956: 14955: 14949: 14945: 14939: 14935: 14934: 14929: 14925: 14921: 14915: 14911: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14881: 14877: 14871: 14867: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14854:Corbin, Henry 14851: 14840: 14834: 14829: 14828: 14822: 14821:Cook, Michael 14818: 14814: 14810: 14806: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14782: 14778: 14774: 14770: 14766: 14761: 14757: 14755:9780199730049 14751: 14747: 14743: 14738: 14734: 14732:9789004329003 14728: 14724: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14709: 14703: 14699: 14694: 14690: 14684: 14680: 14679: 14673: 14672: 14659: 14657:90-04-12354-7 14653: 14649: 14645: 14641: 14635: 14628: 14627:spirituality. 14623: 14617: 14613: 14612: 14607: 14601: 14593: 14587: 14583: 14576: 14570: 14564: 14555: 14549:, p. 78. 14548: 14543: 14535: 14529: 14525: 14524: 14519: 14513: 14505: 14501: 14500: 14493: 14485: 14479: 14475: 14471: 14464: 14449: 14445: 14439: 14423: 14422: 14417: 14411: 14405: 14399: 14391: 14385: 14381: 14374: 14366: 14360: 14356: 14349: 14341: 14339:90-04-12354-7 14335: 14331: 14327: 14320: 14312: 14305: 14298: 14294: 14289: 14281: 14275: 14271: 14270: 14265: 14259: 14244: 14240: 14234: 14219: 14215: 14209: 14194:on 6 May 2020 14193: 14189: 14185: 14179: 14171: 14167: 14163: 14156: 14140: 14136: 14132: 14126: 14120:, p. 203 14119: 14114: 14106: 14102: 14096: 14081: 14075: 14071: 14067: 14063: 14059: 14052: 14044: 14042:90-04-09239-0 14038: 14034: 14030: 14026: 14020: 14018: 14009: 14003: 13999: 13998: 13990: 13982: 13976: 13972: 13971: 13966: 13960: 13952: 13946: 13942: 13941: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13924: 13915: 13910:مجموع الفتاوى 13908: 13901: 13899: 13890: 13886: 13883:(2): 88–127. 13882: 13878: 13871: 13863: 13859: 13855: 13851: 13844: 13828: 13824: 13818: 13814: 13813: 13808: 13802: 13794: 13788: 13784: 13777: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13753: 13746: 13738: 13732: 13728: 13721: 13711: 13709:, pp. 172–87. 13708: 13704: 13703: 13700: 13695: 13687: 13681: 13677: 13670: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13648: 13640: 13636: 13630: 13626: 13622: 13615: 13599: 13595: 13591: 13584: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13561: 13546: 13542: 13535: 13525: 13522: 13518: 13517: 13513: 13507: 13503: 13502: 13497: 13491: 13489: 13480: 13473: 13470:Alya Karame. 13466: 13451:on 6 May 2016 13450: 13446: 13445: 13440: 13433: 13417: 13413: 13409: 13403: 13395: 13389: 13385: 13380: 13379: 13370: 13362: 13358: 13352: 13343: 13335: 13331: 13327: 13321: 13314: 13307: 13302: 13294: 13290: 13284: 13265: 13258: 13252: 13241: 13235: 13229: 13222: 13215: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13199: 13192: 13190: 13188: 13172: 13171: 13166: 13162: 13156: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13125: 13117: 13113: 13109: 13105: 13101: 13094: 13092: 13083: 13077: 13073: 13066: 13058: 13054: 13050: 13044: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13016: 13010: 13008: 13006: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12977: 12971: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12951: 12947: 12940: 12932: 12926: 12922: 12915: 12907: 12901: 12897: 12890: 12888: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12853: 12838: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12809: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12766: 12760: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12734: 12728: 12720: 12715:, p. 734 12714: 12709: 12700: 12691: 12675: 12671: 12665: 12649: 12645: 12643:9789675062278 12639: 12635: 12634: 12626: 12618: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12584: 12580: 12573: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12551: 12543: 12539: 12533: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12513: 12504: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12479: 12471: 12467: 12461: 12454: 12450: 12445: 12426: 12419: 12413: 12406: 12400: 12392: 12386: 12379: 12374: 12366: 12360: 12356: 12355: 12347: 12339: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12320: 12314: 12310: 12306: 12300: 12285: 12281: 12274: 12259: 12258:New Statesman 12255: 12248: 12233: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12200: 12185: 12181: 12174: 12166: 12160: 12156: 12149: 12134: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12115: 12108: 12106: 12099: 12092: 12090: 12083: 12075: 12068: 12061: 12059: 12052: 12050: 12043: 12037: 12029: 12025: 12018: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11992: 11988: 11983: 11982: 11981:, p. 12 11980: 11974: 11967: 11966: 11959: 11943: 11942:National Post 11939: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11901: 11892: 11886: 11880: 11872: 11868: 11861: 11852: 11843: 11827: 11823: 11816: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11777: 11773: 11766: 11764: 11747: 11743: 11736: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11704: 11702: 11694: 11689: 11683: 11679: 11672: 11664: 11658: 11651: 11647: 11645:0-684-82507-4 11641: 11637: 11630: 11623: 11619: 11613: 11606: 11605: 11598: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11571: 11569: 11562: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11548: 11544: 11540: 11536: 11532: 11531:Oliver Leaman 11528: 11524: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11502: 11496: 11492: 11488: 11484: 11483: 11475: 11466: 11458: 11452: 11448: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11421: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11405: 11401: 11397: 11391: 11383: 11376: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11333: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11299: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11274: 11267: 11265:90-04-12354-7 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11243: 11232: 11225: 11224: 11216: 11201: 11197: 11191: 11183: 11181:0-520-07298-7 11177: 11173: 11169: 11163: 11155: 11153:90-04-12354-7 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11120: 11110: 11097: 11091:, p. 53. 11090: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11065: 11059: 11055: 11051: 11050: 11041: 11033: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11012: 11003: 10988: 10984: 10981:Dukes, Kais. 10977: 10970: 10965: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10907: 10906:science blogs 10903: 10897: 10891: 10884: 10878: 10871: 10866: 10864: 10847: 10843: 10842: 10834: 10826: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10792: 10787: 10780: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10755: 10754:New Statesman 10751: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10722: 10715: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10681: 10677: 10671: 10669: 10661: 10655: 10647: 10641: 10637: 10630: 10615: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10582: 10567:. p. 572 10566: 10559: 10552: 10544: 10538: 10531: 10526: 10518: 10512: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10449: 10443: 10435: 10429: 10425: 10424: 10416: 10409: 10404: 10396: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10380: 10373: 10366: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10343: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10315: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10296: 10290: 10285: 10283: 10275: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10253: 10246: 10241: 10234: 10229: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10188: 10184: 10177: 10161: 10157: 10150: 10142: 10140:9781589017528 10136: 10132: 10131: 10123: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10091: 10087: 10081: 10065: 10061: 10060:Teslimolanlar 10057: 10051: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10018: 10012: 10008: 10001: 9999: 9990: 9984: 9980: 9979: 9971: 9969: 9959: 9951: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9925: 9919: 9915: 9914: 9906: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9864: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9844:0-19-283589-0 9841: 9837: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9812: 9808: 9801: 9794: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9759: 9756: 9755:Surah An-Nisa 9751: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9718: 9716: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9686: 9680: 9675: 9659: 9652: 9646: 9639: 9631: 9629:0-0606-3126-0 9625: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9612: 9604: 9596: 9592: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9568: 9560: 9556: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9531: 9526: 9519: 9518:Levenson 2012 9514: 9507: 9502: 9495: 9494:Levenson 2012 9490: 9484: 9478: 9470: 9464: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9421: 9415: 9411: 9404: 9396: 9390: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9370: 9364: 9358: 9354: 9347: 9334: 9330: 9325: 9319: 9312: 9304: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9285: 9277: 9271: 9267: 9266: 9258: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9230: 9221: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9202: 9185: 9181: 9175: 9168: 9164: 9158: 9143: 9139: 9132: 9116: 9109: 9107: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9045: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8991: 8983: 8979: 8972: 8966: 8965:1-59102-430-7 8962: 8958: 8952: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8921: 8919: 8910: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8879: 8872: 8866: 8859: 8852: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8834:, pp. 130–35. 8833: 8832:Oliver Leaman 8829: 8827:, pp. 159–63. 8826: 8825:Andrew Rippin 8822: 8819: 8816: 8815: 8812: 8806: 8801: 8800: 8794: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8774: 8765: 8757: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8734: 8727:(8): 141–166. 8726: 8722: 8715: 8707: 8700: 8692: 8685: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8643: 8638: 8636: 8628: 8623: 8615: 8608: 8599: 8595: 8593:, pp. 172–87. 8592: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8575: 8573:, pp. 107–20. 8572: 8571:Navid Kermani 8568: 8567: 8565: 8560: 8558: 8550: 8545: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8492: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8475: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8452: 8444: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8411: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8387: 8378: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8286: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8258: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8239: 8237:9960-9677-0-0 8233: 8229: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8135: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8116: 8111: 8110:Arnold, T. W. 8107: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8054: 8046: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8004: 8002: 7993: 7987: 7983: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7956: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7906: 7900: 7896: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7879:Surah Al-Qadr 7875: 7867: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7843: 7837: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7790: 7784: 7778: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7708: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7689: 7682: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7657: 7650: 7645: 7639: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7590: 7582: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7563: 7556: 7548: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7529: 7522: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7505: 7497: 7482: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7392: 7378: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7339: 7331: 7325: 7316: 7307: 7298: 7288: 7279: 7270: 7261: 7254: 7252: 7251:Abu Hudhaifah 7248: 7241: 7240:Abu Hudhaifah 7235: 7226: 7217: 7210: 7204: 7196: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7092: 7086: 7072: 7059: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7019: 7010: 7002: 6994: 6986: 6978: 6972: 6967:/al.qurˈʔaːn/ 6964: 6958: 6949: 6920: 6897: 6874: 6868: 6851: 6834: 6811: 6782: 6778: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6730: 6729:Digital Quran 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6670: 6665: 6662: 6656: 6651: 6648: 6637: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6599:New Testament 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6455:According to 6453: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6433: 6427: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6334: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6266:published an 6265: 6261: 6257: 6254:published an 6253: 6252:Gustav Flügel 6249: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6151: 6143: 6130: 6129: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6111: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6070: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5994: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5976:calligraphers 5971: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5943:Ibn Taymiyyah 5939: 5937: 5933: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5913:(d. 796) and 5912: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5901:seven readers 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5835: 5830: 5826: 5825:Seven readers 5822: 5818: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5750: 5748: 5747:Ibn al-Jazari 5743: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5718: 5711: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5673: 5666: 5661: 5654: 5649: 5645: 5644:André du Ryer 5640: 5639: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592:Moga district 5589: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5535:Andre du Ryer 5531: 5530: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5310:hermeneutical 5301: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5264:Al-Suhrawardi 5261: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5149: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5133: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4848: 4842: 4837: 4834: 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4652: 4647: 4646:jurisprudence 4643: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4582: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4512: 4509: 4490: 4489: 4483: 4465: 4460: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360:angel Gabriel 4357: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4204: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4052:Proselytizing 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3960:Denominations 3958: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3823: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396:اَلْإِعْجَازُ 3393: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3373: 3366:Inimitability 3363: 3360: 3354: 3349: 3348: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3321:Michael Sells 3316: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3257: 3256: 3250: 3249:rubʻ al-ahzab 3244: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3208: 3206: 3205:Bilal Philips 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3167: 3162: 3161: 3155: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2837:pseudoscience 2834: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2771:According to 2768: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2673:Gog and Magog 2670: 2665: 2662: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2619:of the human 2618: 2614: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398:good and evil 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349:Al Mutakabbir 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2186:strong sunnah 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1959:seven heavens 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Gog and Magog 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1712: 1711:Hijazi script 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1643: 1642:critical text 1637: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1556:Ubay ibn Ka'b 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1402: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Dhu al-Hijjah 1307: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1163:relates that 1162: 1156:Prophetic era 1152: 1148: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1121: 1115: 1109: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 984: 977: 965: 960: 946: 941: 937: 935: 929: 924: 906: 901: 899: 894: 892: 887: 886: 884: 883: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 868: 867: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 833: 832: 825: 822: 820: 817: 816: 808: 807: 798: 795: 794: 792: 788: 787: 784: 781: 780: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 758: 754: 748: 747: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 728: 725: 724: 720: 714: 713: 706: 703: 701: 698: 697: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 682: 679: 677: 674: 673: 669: 663: 662: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 624: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 599: 598: 591: 590: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 551: 543: 542: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 512: 511: 508: 505: 504: 499: 496: 494: 491: 490: 489: 486: 485: 481: 475: 474: 471: 468: 467: 464: 462: 457: 456: 449: 448: 442: 437: 436: 430: 426: 422: 417: 415: 410: 405: 401: 397: 392: 390: 386: 375: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 306: 302: 299: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 278: 277: 269: 268: 264: 258: 257: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 215: 211: 202: 199: 195: 192: 180: 177: 173: 170: 169: 162: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 116: 113: 109: 106: 103: 99: 94: 83: 79: 78:Hijazi script 75: 71: 65: 60: 56: 50: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 21265: 21257: 21243: 21229: 21193:Roman Missal 21184: 21153:Early modern 21117: 21112:(Sanamahism) 21057:(Gnosticism) 21046: 21025:Deuterocanon 20992: 20988:Tao Te Ching 20986: 20815:Islamophobia 20690:Christianity 20638: 20571:Contemporary 20465:Architecture 20404: 20370: 20358: 20346: 20304: 20297: 20263: 20245: 20240:Nikah mut'ah 20238: 20231: 20224: 20217: 20210: 20203: 20167: 20155: 20148: 20141: 20134: 20114: 20107: 20100: 20093: 20006: 19787: 19767: 19711: 19693: 19686: 19630: 19623: 19616: 19609: 19602: 19595:Five Pillars 19572: 19538: 19527:God in Islam 19504: 19453: 19437: 19429: 19423: 19417: 19382: 19372: 19360: 19350: 19324:In Paradise 19314: 19304: 19294: 19284: 19278: 19268: 19252: 19249:(Plant stem) 19246: 19240: 19234: 19228: 19223:Plant matter 19210: 19204: 19196: 19190: 19184: 19178: 19087: 19058: 19054: 19022: 18986:Umm al-Kitāb 18984: 18971: 18958:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 18956: 18943: 18935: 18928: 18926: 18913: 18870: 18866:Ghadir Khumm 18850:('The Dawn') 18844: 18838: 18825: 18819: 18810: 18801: 18795: 18792:('The Noon') 18786: 18775: 18769: 18761: 18755: 18749: 18743: 18735: 18729: 18723: 18717: 18711: 18701: 18680: 18671: 18621:Days of Hajj 18609: 18606:(The Friday) 18600: 18552: 18510: 18497: 18465:Paradise of 18452:Jordan River 18447:Dār an-Nadwa 18446: 18428: 18390: 18385:Cave of Hira 18377: 18372: 18362: 18309:Masjid Qubāʾ 18308: 18290: 18280: 18272: 18258: 18246: 18238: 18212:Qaryat Yūnus 18211: 18201: 18191: 18151: 18141: 18127: 18118:Sinai Region 18100:Dam of Sheba 18095: 18083: 18068: 18058: 18049: 18034: 18016: 17994: 17982: 17974: 17944: 17939: 17929: 17912: 17899: 17886: 17804: 17782: 17773:Ahl al-Kitāb 17772: 17750: 17746:Zoroastrians 17742: 17737:disbelievers 17730: 17723: 17681:Banu Qurayza 17676:Banu Qaynuqa 17665:Ahl as-Suffa 17664: 17578: 17561: 17533: 17502: 17485: 17470:Sons of Adam 17425: 17401: 17393: 17384: 17358: 17352:Banī Isrāʾīl 17350: 17343: 17308: 17271: 17254: 17239: 17226: 17171:Luqman's son 17018: 16982: 16975: 16965: 16869:Luqman's son 16840:Martyred son 16732:Dhūl-Qarnain 16682: 16672: 16636:Perseverance 16628: 16606:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 16596:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 16595: 16584:('He of the 16581: 16494:Dhabih Ullah 16350: 16345: 16339: 16320: 16308: 16290: 16278: 16270: 16263: 16256: 16245: 16224:Malakul-Mawt 16222: 16197: 16191: 16183: 16168: 16139: 16120: 16097: 16076: 16064: 16054: 16044: 16034: 16015: 16006: 15997: 15987: 15983:) of Solomon 15974: 15963: 15951: 15942: 15933: 15902: 15849: 15716: 15697: 15672: 15652: 15629: 15625:McAuliffe JD 15609: 15597: 15574: 15551: 15527: 15504: 15475: 15456: 15437: 15417: 15394: 15359: 15340: 15318: 15299: 15277: 15258: 15239: 15203: 15177: 15173: 15156: 15112: 15087: 15058: 15052: 15037:. Retrieved 15033: 15006: 14977: 14973: 14953: 14932: 14909: 14895:(1): 15–32. 14892: 14888: 14857: 14844:24 September 14842:. Retrieved 14826: 14804: 14771:(1): 67–70. 14768: 14764: 14745: 14721: 14697: 14677: 14647: 14634: 14625: 14610: 14600: 14581: 14575: 14563: 14554: 14542: 14522: 14518:Rawandi, Ibn 14512: 14498: 14492: 14473: 14463: 14451:. Retrieved 14447: 14438: 14426:. Retrieved 14419: 14410: 14398: 14379: 14373: 14354: 14348: 14329: 14319: 14310: 14304: 14299:, p. 67 14288: 14268: 14258: 14246:. Retrieved 14242: 14233: 14221:. Retrieved 14217: 14208: 14196:. Retrieved 14192:the original 14187: 14178: 14161: 14155: 14143:. Retrieved 14139:the original 14134: 14125: 14113: 14104: 14095: 14083:. Retrieved 14061: 14051: 14032: 13996: 13989: 13969: 13959: 13939: 13914:Total Fatwas 13913: 13906: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13856:(2): 71–89. 13853: 13849: 13843: 13831:. Retrieved 13827:the original 13811: 13801: 13782: 13776: 13762:(2): 73–87. 13759: 13755: 13752:Ten Readings 13745: 13726: 13720: 13694: 13675: 13669: 13661:the original 13656: 13647: 13639:the original 13624: 13614: 13602:. Retrieved 13598:the original 13594:islam21c.com 13593: 13583: 13575:the original 13570: 13560: 13548:. Retrieved 13544: 13534: 13523:, pp. 71–81; 13499: 13478: 13465: 13453:. Retrieved 13449:the original 13442: 13432: 13420:. Retrieved 13416:the original 13411: 13402: 13377: 13369: 13360: 13351: 13342: 13334:the original 13329: 13320: 13309: 13301: 13293:the original 13283: 13271:. Retrieved 13251: 13234: 13221: 13201: 13174:. Retrieved 13168: 13155: 13143:. Retrieved 13138: 13134: 13124: 13107: 13103: 13099: 13071: 13065: 13057:the original 13052: 13043: 13031:. Retrieved 13027:the original 13022: 12992:. Retrieved 12988:the original 12983: 12970: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12939: 12920: 12914: 12895: 12874:. Retrieved 12870:the original 12865: 12852: 12840:. 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Retrieved 11735: 11727: 11709: 11693:masterpiece. 11691: 11677: 11671: 11649: 11635: 11629: 11617: 11616:Denis Gril, 11612: 11602: 11597: 11583:(2): 23–53. 11580: 11576: 11561:Islam (1990) 11560: 11553: 11549: 11547:Henry Stubbe 11542: 11534: 11526: 11518: 11509: 11481: 11474: 11465: 11446: 11440: 11428: 11403: 11399: 11390: 11381: 11375: 11365:30 September 11363:. Retrieved 11359:the original 11354: 11344: 11336: 11332: 11320:. Retrieved 11316: 11306: 11287: 11273: 11255: 11242: 11231:the original 11222: 11215: 11203:. Retrieved 11199: 11190: 11171: 11162: 11135: 11096: 11084: 11077: 11072: 11048: 11040: 11017: 11011: 11002: 10990:. Retrieved 10986: 10976: 10964: 10952:. Retrieved 10947: 10938: 10930: 10921: 10909:. Retrieved 10905: 10900:Pharyngula. 10890: 10882: 10877: 10850:. Retrieved 10846:the original 10840: 10833: 10808: 10804: 10798: 10793:, p. 29 10786: 10781:, p. 30 10757:. Retrieved 10753: 10724:. Retrieved 10714: 10696: 10684:. 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Retrieved 8198: 8189: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8142: 8114: 8099: 8087: 8075: 8067:the original 8062: 8053: 8034: 8028: 8009: 7981: 7957:, p. 98 7950: 7938: 7925: 7894: 7888: 7874: 7855: 7849: 7836: 7823: 7812: 7807: 7795: 7783: 7733:. Retrieved 7729:the original 7715: 7695: 7688: 7680: 7662: 7656: 7649:masterpiece. 7647: 7633: 7627: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7598: 7589: 7566: 7555: 7532: 7521: 7502: 7496: 7484:. Retrieved 7481:Google Books 7480: 7449: 7443: 7431: 7419: 7407: 7395: 7371: 7359: 7354: 7347: 7342: 7329: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7287: 7278: 7269: 7260: 7244: 7234: 7225: 7216: 7203: 7183: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7018: 6957: 6872: 6781: 6733: 6647:Islam portal 6608: 6605:Arab writing 6589:). In fact, 6460: 6454: 6443: 6430: 6383: 6329:Baháʼí Faith 6326: 6314: 6310:Manichaeaism 6283: 6250: 6223: 6208: 6157:movable type 6154: 6148: 6126: 6109: 6093: 6076:"Blue" Quran 6057: 6052: 6042: 6035: 6031: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5947: 5940: 5904: 5870: 5862: 5854:assimilation 5847: 5840: 5795: 5782: 5751: 5738: 5715: 5713: 5581: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5543:Richard Bell 5512: 5503: 5496: 5486: 5460: 5433: 5391: 5374:its language 5367: 5349: 5320:Translations 5307: 5293:ruh al-Bayan 5281: 5243: 5221: 5201: 5186: 5181: 5169: 5162: 5146: 5136: 5130: 5118: 5116: 5112:prophetology 5100: 5096: 5083:Henry Corbin 5064: 5041:Risale-i Nur 5014: 4976:Israʼiliyyat 4957: 4906: 4872: 4846: 4762: 4688:mosque lamps 4684:illumination 4676:Islamic arts 4673: 4655: 4635: 4618: 4608: 4587: 4571: 4561: 4551: 4541: 4514: 4492: 4442: 4358:through the 4353: 4331: 4304: 4299: 4270: 4258: 4169:Islamophobia 3948:Demographics 3943:Circumcision 3859: 3852: 3845: 3811: 3803: 3787: 3779: 3771: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3575: 3548: 3544: 3500: 3445: 3379: 3345: 3329: 3317: 3309: 3298: 3271: 3253: 3240:), and each 3229: 3211: 3209: 3182: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3140: 3117: 3115: 3096: 3081: 3066: 3033: 3023: 3017: 3015: 2977: 2970: 2962:Ali A. Rizvi 2953: 2903: 2882: 2864: 2862: 2831: 2827:natural laws 2819:Rodney Stark 2812: 2803: 2795: 2788: 2770: 2736: 2727: 2705: 2693:metaphorical 2666: 2657: 2648:Adam and Eve 2625:resurrection 2610: 2563:Israʼiliyyat 2548: 2496: 2452: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2396:determining 2362: 2361: 2313: 2242: 2219: 2218: 2211: 2192:every year. 2151: 2138: 2112: 2086: 2067: 2047: 2020:unity of God 2017: 1963: 1942:cosmological 1939: 1932:God in Islam 1884:King Solomon 1872:Dhul-Qarnayn 1866:(parents of 1853: 1799: 1793: 1751:resurrection 1744: 1700: 1695:Gerd R. Puin 1662: 1639: 1626: 1623:states that: 1615: 1575: 1549: 1529:Ibn Babawayh 1487: 1452:North Africa 1437: 1433:Michael Cook 1379: 1323: 1308: 1274: 1254: 1240: 1235:Sura Al-Alaq 1222:revelation. 1180: 1173:Cave of Hira 1159: 1096:umm al-kitāb 1086: 1009: 988: 919: 877:Islam portal 766:Hermeneutics 719:Translations 587: 469: 418: 393: 344: 303:through the 295: 272: 254: 230: 226: 222: 220: 187: 175: 165: 160: 152: 138: 25: 21248:(Thelemite) 21240:(Ahmadiyya) 21220:(Mormonism) 21106:(Hinduism) 20590:Other areas 20581:Theological 20576:Eschatology 20533:Mathematics 20470:Calligraphy 20400:Theological 20354:Inheritance 20271:Cleanliness 19701:Shi'a Imams 19695:Ahl al-Bayt 19299:Pomegranate 19199:(The Earth) 19092:golden calf 18665:Pilgrimages 18398:Hudaybiyyah 18313:Quba Mosque 18267:Prostration 18218:,' that is 18179:Mesopotamia 18168:Mount Tabor 18164:Mount Sinai 18146:Mount Sinai 18096:ʿArim Sabaʾ 17834:Polytheists 17584:Household') 17579:Ahl al-Bayt 17536:(People of 17534:Qawm Tubbaʿ 17480:Wife of Lut 17475:Wife of Nuh 17326:or families 17324:ethnicities 17045:Moses' wife 16528:ibn Dāwūd ( 16310:ash-Shayṭān 16202:Holy Spirit 16028:Non-related 15751:Manuscripts 15137:Bearman, P. 14640:Kadi, Wadad 14293:Watson 1968 14162:The Library 14145:16 February 13699:Rippin 2006 13550:9 September 13521:Tamara Sonn 13444:The Tribune 13422:21 November 13176:21 November 13161:Aslan, Reza 13145:17 December 13033:16 February 12994:16 February 12956:(1): 1–21. 12876:16 February 12842:29 December 12759:Corbin 1993 12654:18 December 12378:Corbin 1993 12216:(2): 411+. 12138:28 February 12056:Guillaume, 11979:Corbin 1993 11965:Denver Post 11873:(1): 31–47. 11832:21 February 11805:21 February 11752:21 February 11489:. pp. 11400:Social Text 10706:Hoax Slayer 10192:22 December 10107:quranix.org 9506:Peters 2003 8842:Tamara Sonn 8642:Peters 1991 8578:Tamara Sonn 8564:Rippin 2006 8534:16 February 8167:(1): 1–26. 7486:16 February 7448:"Alcoran". 7116:the lecture 7077:ٱلۡقُرۡءَان 6661:Book portal 6350:Diatessaron 6342:Bahá'u'lláh 6258:in 1834 in 5877:Ibn Mujāhid 5858:alternation 5770:Maria Ulfah 5762:Abdul Basit 5754:El Minshawy 5582:The oldest 5539:George Sale 5537:. 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Whether 2296:apocalypse 2162:As-Saaffat 2152:In Islam, 2050:revelation 1966:monotheism 1902:, such as 1721: 570 1619:professor 1552:Ibn Mas'ud 1525:Shia Imams 1408: 655 1290: 923 1262:soothsayer 1195:companions 1026:('book'), 991:liturgical 859:Shi’a view 776:Abrogation 589:Muqatta'at 359:companions 247:revelation 198:Wikisource 196:at Arabic 124:610–632 CE 21280:Catechism 21276:(Raelian) 21259:Dianetics 21224:Ofudesaki 21063:(Judaism) 21001:Tripiṭaka 20977:(Jainism) 20955:Antiquity 20862:Symbolism 20820:Incidents 20798:Criticism 20695:Mormonism 20597:Astrology 20523:Cosmology 20518:Astronomy 20460:Arabesque 20327:Etiquette 20286:Blasphemy 20076:Economics 19891:Ahmadiyya 19825:Mu'tazili 19813:Ash'arism 19387:Date palm 19377:Palm tree 19365:Lote-tree 19341:or plants 19285:Qith-thāʾ 19213:(The Sun) 19211:Ash-Shams 19172:Celestial 19065:False god 19001:or beings 18999:of people 18981:of David) 18923:of Jesus) 18756:Al-Bukrah 18519:in Sheba) 18297:of Mecca) 18254:Monastery 18232:locations 18230:Religious 18187:Al-Jūdiyy 17880:Mentioned 17874:Locations 17787:Christian 17767:Believers 17752:Munāfiqūn 17715:Religious 17653:mentioned 17566:Stoneland 17442:Muhajirun 17220:Mentioned 17122:Abū Lahab 17117:As-Sāmirī 17107:(Goliath) 17073:Evil ones 16987:Zulaykhah 16943:People of 16830:Good ones 16630:Ulul-ʿAzm 16618:Zechariah 16614:Zakariyyā 16434:Dhūl-Kifl 16387:Mentioned 16233:(Michael) 16122:Zabāniyah 16099:Malāʾikah 16071:Honey bee 15803:Quran.com 15774:Quran Pdf 15708:1465-3591 15572:(2007) . 15391:Al-Tabari 15298:(2009) . 15075:162433825 14994:162374182 14856:(1993) . 14785:159835641 14725:. Brill. 14681:. Brill. 14118:Krek 1979 14029:"Matba'a" 13455:26 August 13306:An-Nawawi 13273:22 August 12800:143088125 12792:1556-5068 12232:0591-2385 11657:cite book 11322:15 August 10969:Cook 2000 10911:10 August 10896:prescient 10811:(1): 92. 10791:Cook 2000 10779:Cook 2000 10614:0591-2385 10334:152126508 10326:2051-557X 10245:Dost 2023 10112:14 August 9872:25 August 9704:7 January 9664:17 August 9355:. BRILL. 9333:Cook 2013 9295:. Brill. 9247:3 October 9071:164120434 9051:Der Islam 8756:1567-2808 8627:Cook 2000 8580:, pp. 5–6 8549:Cook 2000 8474:Cook 2000 8443:2232-0474 8427:(2): 62. 8345:15 August 8320:15 August 8290:15 August 8263:15 August 8204:15 August 8181:1465-3591 7777:Nasr 2007 7735:31 August 7501:"Koran". 7387:Citations 7159:al-Qur'an 7111: or 7085:al-Qurʾān 7064:ٱلْقُرْآن 6575:Zechariah 6487:Apocrypha 6475:Christian 6420:The Bible 6274:Criticism 6224:In 1786, 6037:Nastaʻlīq 5435:al-Fatiha 5406:Heraclius 5402:Byzantine 5398:Abyssinia 5353:) during 5246:al-Sulami 5153:allusions 4980:apocrypha 4885:allusions 4793:Samarkand 4642:mysticism 4554:Al-Ikhlāṣ 4464:al-Fatiha 4445:Al-Fatiha 4376:Quranists 4327:al-Ma'mun 4301:disaster. 4157:terrorism 4109:Criticism 4062:Sexuality 4032:Mysticism 4002:Festivals 3982:Education 3977:Economics 3913:Academics 3869:Caliphate 3682:Practices 3517:eloquence 3509:Mu'tazila 3350:), news ( 3097:Bismillah 3083:Bismillah 3077:migration 3061:the Bible 3055:Belqeys, 2967:Aristotle 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19150:Al-ʿUzzā 18997:Objects 18811:Qabl al- 18762:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 18625:Doomsday 18553:al-Aḥzāb 18243:(Church) 17976:Al-Aḥqāf 17914:Jahannam 17907:Paradise 17514:Bedouins 17309:Qawm Lūṭ 17151:Abu Bakr 16981:Wife of 16970:Potiphar 16953:Binyāmin 16673:Al-Masīḥ 16645:Muḥammad 16582:Dhūn-Nūn 16526:Sulaymān 16464:(Elijah) 16376:Prophets 16292:Shayāṭīn 16250:(Genies) 16078:Qaswarah 16059:Wild ass 16037:(Female 16035:ʿAnkabūt 15958:elephant 15741:Archived 15649:Leaman O 15608:(1977). 15550:(2003). 15503:(2003). 15436:(1991). 15155:(eds.). 15109:(1988). 15030:"Qurʾān" 15028:(2007). 15004:(2003). 14930:(2012). 14823:(2000). 14803:(eds.). 14719:(2016). 14608:(2010). 14453:6 August 14421:BBC News 14266:(2005). 13809:(2003). 13310:Al-Majmu 13264:Archived 12739:2 August 12674:Archived 12648:Archived 12588:26 April 12486:(2001). 12451:(2015), 12425:Archived 12263:15 April 12237:15 April 12184:Atlantic 12103:Patton, 11921:15 March 11826:Archived 11796:Archived 11746:Archived 11618:Miracles 11284:Rippin A 11280:Language 11170:(1991). 10954:9 August 10929:. 2002. 10852:8 August 10825:25728019 10759:11 April 10619:15 April 10495:Archived 10379:Rippin A 10270:Burton, 9698:Archived 9090:Atlantic 8461:Koran.nl 7924:(1997). 7171:Qur'anic 7147:al-Coran 6633:See also 6615:Sibawayh 6448:and the 6435:— 6364:and the 6294:talmudic 6137:Printing 6128:Muhaqqaq 6110:Maghribi 6045:tashkeel 6027:Maghribī 6020:script. 6005:muhaqqaq 5948:tashkeel 5938:region. 5897:Damascus 5803:mujawwad 5797:Mujawwad 5789:Murattal 5734:phonemes 5722:elisions 5694:Damascus 5620:Ilkhanid 5584:Gurmukhi 5475:Khorasan 5471:Mansur I 5456:Pakistan 5426:European 5404:Emperor 5382:semantic 5345:lecterns 5283:Mathnawi 5197:Sura 108 5172:Qushayri 5091:Muhammad 4910:Abu Bakr 4753:Typical 4696:muraqqas 4581:‎ 4558:Muhammad 4508:‎ 4482:mujawwad 4427:exegesis 4412:esoteric 4408:salafist 4356:Muhammad 4278:ablution 4193:Glossary 4179:Jihadism 4152:Violence 4147:Islamism 4118:Muhammad 4104:Apostasy 4047:Politics 3997:Feminism 3992:Exorcism 3953:Diaspora 3938:Children 3933:Calendar 3861:Rashidun 3839:Muhammad 3834:Timeline 3795:Mathnawi 3657:Prophets 3601:a series 3599:Part of 3533:mubālaġa 3525:istiʿāra 3432:Muhammad 3412:Muhammad 3305:thematic 3301:phonetic 3258:(plural 3234:(plural 3216:(plural 3189:exegesis 3040:, 3,382 2972:Ayr-veda 2969:and the 2926:genetics 2747:jahannam 2732:Al-Qalam 2371:jihadist 2367:Islamist 2286:, as in 2208:the Nile 2174:metaphor 2093:Muhammad 2069:nubuwwah 2038:Prophets 1954:universe 1904:Creation 1890:, about 1837:jahannam 1817:Hellenic 1805:Rabbinic 1764:allusive 1755:prophets 1749:and the 1735:Contents 1715:Muhammad 1693:scholar 1675:contain 1582:apostasy 1545:Umayyads 1390:Abu Bakr 1336:dialects 1266:magician 1231:Muhammad 1207:literate 1165:Muhammad 1126:al-kitāb 1012:synonyms 872:Category 854:Quranism 753:Exegesis 637:Parables 632:Miracles 610:Prophets 461:exegesis 400:Biblical 363:Abu Bakr 301:Muhammad 245:to be a 129:Chapters 111:Language 101:Religion 82:Muhammad 21138:(Islam) 21120:(Islam) 21104:Puranas 21079:Enneads 20847:Nursing 20808:Qutbism 20722:Sikhism 20717:Judaism 20712:Jainism 20548:Physics 20495:Pottery 20480:Gardens 20475:Carpets 20390:Slavery 20312:Divorce 20299:Dhabiĥa 20127:Hygiene 20102:Takaful 20084:Banking 20014:Science 20008:Qurbani 19977:Mosques 19937:Animals 19926:Culture 19874:Zaydism 19862:Alevism 19748:Ottoman 19738:Almohad 19733:Fatimid 19728:Córdoba 19723:Abbasid 19718:Umayyad 19651:Leaders 19646:History 19604:Shahada 19519:Beliefs 19440:(Drink) 19426:(River) 19411:Liquids 19243:(Shoot) 19231:(Onion) 19191:Kawākib 19179:Maṣābīḥ 19124:Yaghūth 18860:Implied 18820:Al-Aṣīl 18770:Al-Layl 18654:Ramaḍān 18603:Jumuʿah 18467:Shaddad 18359:Arabia 18353:Antakya 18348:Antioch 18341:Implied 18285:Al-Aqsa 18220:Nineveh 18206:Babylon 18051:Ḥaraman 18021:(Hegra) 18018:Al-Ḥijr 18008:ʿArafāt 18002:Yathrib 17997:Madīnah 17827:Sabians 17763:Muslims 17732:Kāfirūn 17700:Khazraj 17551:Quraysh 17322:Tribes, 17244:Sabbath 17188:Shaddad 17161:Barṣīṣā 17094:Pharaoh 17090:Firʿawn 16787:Ṣamūʾīl 16774:Implied 16705:Abraham 16677:Messiah 16530:Solomon 16516:Shuʿayb 16488:Ishmael 16484:Ismāʿīl 16448:(Eber?) 16442:(Aaron) 16404:Al-Yasa 16341:Ghilmān 16217:Raphael 16213:Isrāfīl 15976:hud-hud 15926:Related 15919:Animals 14669:Sources 14646:(ed.). 14472:(ed.). 14328:(ed.). 14248:3 April 14223:3 April 13833:19 July 13657:iqna.ir 13545:IlmGate 13200:(ed.), 12680:21 July 12289:10 July 12189:8 April 12093:: p.105 12026:(ed.). 11541:(1974) 11254:(ed.), 11134:(ed.). 10686:23 July 10470:atheism 10462:Sufyani 10218:12 July 9455:(ed.). 9190:27 July 9147:28 July 9121:22 July 9024:Arabica 8980:(ed.). 8943:1596266 8400:(ed.). 7595:"Koran" 7562:"Quran" 7528:"Koran" 7167:Quranic 7163:Koranic 7131:Alcoran 7100: 7079:‎ 7066:‎ 6741:Qira'at 6551:Solomon 6523:Ishmael 6515:Abraham 6491:Midrash 6450:Gospels 6432:wrong˺. 6286:heretic 6260:Leipzig 6196:Hamburg 6180:Ottoman 6155:Arabic 6078:at the 6049:Sahabah 6017:thuluth 6011:rayḥānī 5964:Writing 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