1844:
to the Bantu speakers of South Africa (the Venda and Xhosa) and corresponds to the distribution of the Niger-Kordofanian language family, possibly reflecting the spread of Bantu-speaking populations from near the
Nigerian/Cameroon highlands across eastern and southern Africa within the past 5000 to 3000 years (26,27). Another inferred cluster includes the Pygmy and SAK populations (green), with a noncontiguous geographic distribution in central and southeastern Africa, consistent with the STRUCTURE (Fig. 3) and phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1). Another geographically contiguous cluster extends across northern Africa (blue) into Mali (the Dogon), Ethiopia, and northern Kenya. With the exception of the Dogon, these populations speak an Afroasiatic language. Chadic-speaking and Nilo-Saharan–speaking populations from Nigeria, Cameroon, and central Chad, as well as several Nilo-Saharan–speaking populations from southern Sudan, constitute another cluster (red). Nilo-Saharan and Cushitic speakers from the Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania, as well as some of the Bantu speakers from Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda (Hutu/Tutsi), constitute another cluster (purple), reflecting linguistic evidence for gene flow among these populations over the past ~5000 years (28,29). Finally, the Hadza are the sole constituents of a sixth cluster (yellow), consistent with their distinctive genetic structure identified by PCA and STRUCTURE.
2879:
2849:
2864:
2834:
2819:
41:
421:
1638:
1843:
We incorporated geographic data into a
Bayesian clustering analysis, assuming no admixture (TESS software) (25) and distinguished six clusters within continental Africa (Fig. 5A). The most geographically widespread cluster (orange) extends from far Western Africa (the Mandinka) through central Africa
350:
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain, both due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical
2674:
354:
A 2009 genetic clustering study, which genotyped 1327 polymorphic markers in various
African populations, identified six ancestral clusters. The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity, culture, and language. A 2018
2338::"Kanuri is a major Saharan language spoken in the Lake Chad Basin in the Borno area of northeastern Nigeria, as well as in Niger, Cameroon, and Chad (where the variety is known as Kanembul."
2700:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2093:
2726:
2708:
2785:
2704:
2444:
438:
2589:
1868:: 10.9–10.10, Figure 3.3 Population structure analysis and inferred ancestry components for selected choices of assumed number of ancestries.
485:
359:
study of the world's populations observed similar clusters among the populations in Africa. At K=9, distinct ancestral components defined the
2778:
2429:
457:
2449:
464:
3407:
2853:
1696:
2771:
1642:
3339:
471:
2366:
2217:
2067:. Niger-Congo alone accounts for the majority of languages (and the majority of population), estimated at 1,560 languages by
2150:
2103:
1733:
453:
3865:
2190:
3344:
2931:
2883:
3324:
3319:
3300:
3295:
3282:
2464:
2050:
1767:
504:
3932:
3922:
3393:
3349:
3329:
1320:
1297:
1266:
1172:
3927:
3388:
2021:
The total number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated (depending on the delineation of
3518:
3354:
2878:
2848:
2838:
2504:
1999:
1965:
1930:
442:
3917:
3431:
3378:
3368:
3334:
2868:
2614:
2604:
2409:
478:
2823:
2619:
2509:
2439:
1660:
3483:
3383:
3178:
3058:
2679:
2599:
2564:
2549:
2534:
2489:
2424:
2314:
2283:
2252:
287:
81:
2730:
1791:
3401:
3373:
2899:
2554:
2359:
808:
184:
3449:
3163:
2654:
2629:
2479:
2474:
2454:
2419:
2404:
1675:
602:
127:
3538:
2863:
2833:
2717:
2639:
2609:
2594:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2524:
2519:
2469:
2414:
2389:
1398:
1081:
34:
17:
3420:
3412:
3257:
2924:
2818:
2649:
2644:
2584:
2539:
2499:
2394:
2375:
778:
431:
356:
302:
3658:
3558:
3001:
2763:
2624:
2574:
2529:
2514:
2494:
2484:
2459:
2399:
1665:
755:
669:
527:
372:
344:
2125:
2064:
over 3,000 indigenous languages by some counts, and many creoles, pidgins, and lingua francas.
1757:
1723:
3683:
3468:
3362:
2969:
2634:
2544:
2434:
2352:
2140:
1274:
555:
384:
360:
340:
332:
2242:
2040:
3896:
3820:
3728:
3553:
3436:
3188:
3158:
3153:
2991:
2986:
2979:
1808:
2273:
2073:
8:
3860:
3763:
3758:
3645:
3563:
3183:
2974:
2304:
1700:
1670:
523:
320:
85:
45:
2142:
Native
Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues
1874:
1812:
3743:
3703:
3698:
3603:
3543:
3488:
3173:
3068:
3021:
2996:
2964:
2917:
2794:
2113:
1887:
1829:
150:
73:
3825:
3738:
3723:
3708:
3668:
3663:
3653:
3588:
3473:
3463:
3193:
2146:
2099:
2046:
1995:
1961:
1926:
1879:
1834:
1799:
1763:
1729:
1199:
720:
336:
77:
1891:
3795:
3790:
3673:
3232:
3215:
3205:
3101:
1869:
1824:
1816:
1648:
368:
351:
superiority (as in the case of
Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo peoples).
100:
69:
640:
195:
3830:
3776:
3748:
3688:
3623:
3578:
3513:
3247:
3242:
3220:
3148:
2335:
1989:
1955:
1920:
1378:
812:
795:
765:
725:
615:
396:
392:
291:
226:
222:
107:
1944:: c. 1,650 Niger-Congo, c. 200-300 Afro-Asiatic, 80 Nilo-Saharan, 40-70 Khoisan.
3855:
3845:
3815:
3753:
3733:
3678:
3267:
3237:
3096:
3063:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2309:
2278:
2247:
2068:
1522:
783:
742:
707:
611:
564:
400:
272:
246:
3911:
3835:
3800:
3593:
3533:
3508:
3503:
3272:
3227:
3121:
3048:
3028:
1654:
1562:
1223:
1037:
847:
The following is a table of major ethnic groups (10 million people or more):
699:
691:
652:
573:
380:
236:
169:
165:
135:
131:
117:
1820:
52:, 1959). Colour-coded are 15 major ethnolinguistic super-groups, as follows:
40:
3870:
3810:
3693:
3635:
3628:
3583:
3523:
3454:
3262:
3252:
3200:
3138:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3091:
3043:
2959:
1883:
1838:
1613:
1590:
1538:
1458:
1430:
1343:
1335:
1312:
1258:
1108:
1093:
1061:
993:
791:
687:
648:
644:
636:
581:
577:
560:
364:
276:
201:
96:
2344:
2169:
1725:
Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and
Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria
3805:
3613:
3598:
3573:
3498:
3168:
3143:
3133:
3111:
3038:
1605:
1586:
1386:
1347:
1289:
1187:
1156:
1021:
884:
872:
799:
787:
734:
703:
695:
682:
674:
656:
632:
628:
624:
619:
607:
388:
376:
55:
1651: – People descending from indigenous Africans living outside Africa
319:
number in the thousands, with each ethnicity generally having their own
3880:
3875:
3850:
3785:
3718:
3608:
3053:
1470:
1029:
980:
947:
804:
760:
738:
306:
268:
3840:
3713:
3618:
3210:
3083:
2940:
2802:
2218:"Hausa tribe is Africa's largest ethnic group with 78 million people"
1792:"The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"
589:
30:
420:
3528:
3493:
2194:
2022:
1502:
1498:
1466:
1438:
1414:
1410:
1243:
1203:
1132:
1049:
907:
729:
264:
260:
3548:
3478:
2026:
1570:
1546:
1542:
1494:
1486:
1231:
1195:
1168:
1116:
1053:
1045:
976:
968:
960:
943:
939:
931:
899:
585:
404:
328:
324:
212:
180:
161:
146:
65:
48:
Geography and Map
Division (substantially based on G.P. Murdock,
2793:
3033:
1637:
1406:
1270:
1164:
1041:
1033:
1005:
1001:
522:
As a first overview, the following table lists major groups by
44:
1996 map of the major ethnolinguistic groups of Africa, by the
2157:
The Berber population numbers approximately 36 million people.
1858:"Tales of Human Migration, Admixture, and Selection in Africa"
3568:
3073:
2798:
1582:
1574:
1530:
1506:
1442:
1402:
1390:
1355:
1351:
1235:
1207:
1140:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1065:
972:
935:
923:
880:
678:
568:
2909:
2954:
2235:
1857:
1578:
1534:
1394:
1363:
1359:
1239:
1136:
1089:
1073:
1057:
2266:
2297:
2334:
Peter Austin, One
Thousand Languages (2008), p. 75,
2191:"North Africa's Berbers get boost from Arab Spring"
1994:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. x, 206, 211.
1855:
1697:"Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details"
445:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1856:Schlebusch, Carina M.; Jakobsson, Mattias (2018).
29:"Africans" redirects here. For the language, see
3909:
2183:
2138:
2039:Epstein, Edmund L.; Kole, Robert, eds. (1998).
2336:https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0520255607
387:-speaking populations in West-Central Africa,
375:-speaking populations in Northeast Africa and
50:Africa, its peoples and their cultural history
2925:
2779:
2360:
2162:
1728:. University of Michigan Press. p. 132.
331:. The ethnolinguistic groups include various
2328:
1862:Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
1762:. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 154.
1621:
1598:
1514:
1478:
1450:
1422:
1371:
1328:
1305:
1282:
1251:
1215:
1180:
1148:
1101:
1013:
915:
892:
2374:
2038:
2932:
2918:
2786:
2772:
2367:
2353:
2132:
2030:
1554:
2031:Heine, Bernd; Heine, Bernd, eds. (2000).
1925:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 23.
1873:
1828:
1759:Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria
505:Learn how and when to remove this message
2900:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
2215:
2037:Some counts estimate "over 3,000", e.g.
1960:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. x.
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1789:
1383:Nile Valley, East Africa, Central Africa
39:
2092:Group, The Diagram (26 November 2013).
1657: – Ethnolinguistic group in Africa
517:
14:
3910:
1987:
1953:
1918:
1755:
842:
2913:
2767:
2348:
2091:
1905:
1721:
1694:
383:populations in Northeast Africa; the
1991:An Introduction to African Languages
1957:An Introduction to African Languages
1922:An Introduction to African Languages
443:adding citations to reliable sources
414:
1875:10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021759
24:
2139:Steven L. Danver (10 March 2015).
2045:. Africa World Press. p. ix.
2042:The Language of African Literature
2033:African Languages: an Introduction
1790:Tishkoff, SA; et al. (2009).
25:
3944:
2078:Ethnologue Languages of the World
1695:Onuah, Felix (29 December 2006).
454:"List of ethnic groups of Africa"
363:-speaking populations inhabiting
227:Eastern Sudanic (besides Nilotic)
2877:
2862:
2847:
2832:
2817:
2675:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2445:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2216:Ososanya, Tunde (15 June 2020).
1636:
1321:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1298:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1267:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1173:Democratic Republic of the Congo
419:
407:populations in Southern Africa.
2209:
2095:Encyclopedia of African Peoples
2085:
2074:"Ethnologue report for Nigeria"
430:needs additional citations for
2029:) at between 1,250 and 2,100.
2015:
1981:
1947:
1849:
1783:
1749:
1715:
1688:
13:
1:
2939:
2243:"The World Factbook: Nigeria"
2035:. Cambridge University Press.
1681:
1661:Indigenous peoples of Africa
524:ethno-linguistic affiliation
7:
2315:Central Intelligence Agency
2284:Central Intelligence Agency
2274:"The World Factbook: Niger"
2253:Central Intelligence Agency
1630:
10:
3949:
3301:Countries by ethnic groups
3296:Contemporary ethnic groups
2305:"The World Factbook: Chad"
1988:Childs, G. Tucker (2003).
1954:Childs, G. Tucker (2003).
1919:Childs, G. Tucker (2003).
1756:Suberu, Rotimi T. (2001).
28:
3889:
3772:
3644:
3447:
3281:
3082:
2947:
2896:
2809:
2688:
2663:
2382:
2145:. Routledge. p. 23.
1699:. Reuters. Archived from
1676:Genetic history of Africa
2430:Central African Republic
2376:Ethnic groups in Africa
1595:Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger
1399:Central African Republic
1212:Niger–Congo, Volta–Niger
1098:Niger–Congo, Senegambian
1082:Central African Republic
410:
299:
284:
257:
243:
233:
219:
209:
192:
177:
158:
143:
124:
114:
93:
62:
3933:Ethnic groups by region
3923:Ethnic groups in Africa
3413:Torres Strait Islanders
3258:Ethnopsychopharmacology
3002:In-group and out-groups
2222:Legit.ng - Nigeria news
1821:10.1126/science.1172257
1643:Ethnic groups in Africa
357:whole genome sequencing
317:ethnic groups of Africa
3928:Lists of ethnic groups
3659:Cultural appropriation
3559:Lineage-bonded society
1666:Demographics of Africa
1511:Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic
1447:Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic
952:Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
312:
33:. For other uses, see
3684:Ethnic interest group
3519:Ethnicity in censuses
3469:Cultural assimilation
2970:Ethnolinguistic group
2590:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2450:Republic of the Congo
1722:Lewis, Peter (2007).
1419:Nilo-Saharan, Nilotic
1275:Republic of the Congo
1248:Nilo-Saharan, Saharan
985:Afro-Asiatic, Berber
912:Afro-Asiatic, Semitic
833:1.2 billion (UN 2016)
43:
3918:Africa-related lists
3897:Minzu (anthropology)
3866:Separatist movements
3729:Ethnographic village
3554:Legendary progenitor
3189:Transidioethnography
2992:Hyphenated ethnicity
2987:Ethnographic realism
2980:Ethnoreligious group
1645:at Wikimedia Commons
1475:Niger–Congo, Bantoid
1145:Afro-Asiatic, Chadic
853:Major ethnic groups
528:population estimates
518:By linguistic phylum
439:improve this article
3764:Multinational state
3759:Model minority myth
3646:Multiethnic society
3564:Linguistic homeland
2975:Ethnonational group
2665:States with limited
1813:2009Sci...324.1035T
1671:Languages of Africa
843:Major ethnic groups
391:, East Africa, and
327:of a language) and
46:Library of Congress
3744:Middleman minority
3704:Ethnic pornography
3699:Ethnic nationalism
3604:Pantribal sodality
3544:Imagined community
3069:Symbolic ethnicity
2997:Indigenous peoples
2965:Ethnographic group
2795:Indigenous peoples
2124:has generic name (
1703:on 26 January 2009
1618:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1368:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1325:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1302:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1279:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1177:Niger–Congo, Bantu
1010:Niger–Congo, Bantu
313:
3905:
3904:
3826:Ethnic stereotype
3739:Indigenous rights
3724:Ethnographic film
3709:Ethnic theme park
3669:Dominant minority
3664:Diaspora politics
3654:Consociationalism
3589:National language
3474:Cultural identity
3464:Cross-race effect
3408:Aboriginal groups
2907:
2906:
2891:
2890:
2761:
2760:
2692:other territories
2465:Equatorial Guinea
2152:978-1-317-46400-6
2105:978-1-135-96341-5
1807:(5930): 1037–39.
1735:978-0-472-06980-4
1641:Media related to
1628:
1627:
1200:Equatorial Guinea
840:
839:
550:Number of groups
515:
514:
507:
489:
288:Malayo-Polynesian
263:(unity doubtful;
126: "Guinean" (
16:(Redirected from
3940:
3796:Ethnic cleansing
3791:Ethnic bioweapon
3674:Ethnic democracy
3283:Groups by region
3233:Ethnomethodology
3216:Ethnomathematics
3206:Ethnolinguistics
3102:Ethnoarchaeology
2934:
2927:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2881:
2866:
2851:
2836:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2752:(United Kingdom)
2748:Tristan da Cunha
2744:Ascension Island
2736:
2723:
2714:
2690:Dependencies and
2383:Sovereign states
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2036:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1877:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1832:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1692:
1649:African diaspora
1640:
1623:
1600:
1556:
1516:
1480:
1452:
1424:
1373:
1330:
1307:
1284:
1253:
1217:
1182:
1150:
1103:
1015:
917:
894:
889:Niger–Congo, Kwa
862:Language family
850:
849:
533:
532:
510:
503:
499:
496:
490:
488:
447:
423:
415:
369:Northeast Africa
310:
300:
295:
285:
280:
258:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
220:
215:
210:
198:
193:
188:
185:Southern Bantoid
178:
173:
159:
154:
144:
139:
125:
120:
115:
104:
94:
89:
63:
21:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3885:
3831:Ethnic violence
3779:
3777:ethnic conflict
3775:
3768:
3749:Minority rights
3689:Ethnic majority
3640:
3624:Detribalization
3579:Nation-building
3514:Ethnic religion
3457:
3453:
3443:
3350:Central America
3277:
3248:Ethnophilosophy
3243:Ethnomusicology
3221:Ethnostatistics
3179:Person-centered
3149:Autoethnography
3078:
2943:
2938:
2908:
2903:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2857:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2805:
2792:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2734:
2721:
2712:
2693:
2691:
2684:
2668:
2666:
2659:
2378:
2373:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2170:"Berber people"
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2072:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1917:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1854:
1850:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1633:
1610:Southern Africa
866:
865:Pop. (millions)
845:
796:Southern Africa
726:Southern Africa
616:Southern Africa
546:
545:Pop. (millions)
520:
511:
500:
494:
491:
448:
446:
436:
424:
413:
399:populations in
393:Southern Africa
311:
298:
297:
296:
283:
282:
281:
256:
255:
254:
250:
242:
241:
240:
232:
231:
230:
223:Central Sudanic
218:
217:
216:
208:
207:
206:
205:(unity debated)
199:
191:
190:
189:
179: "Eastern
176:
175:
174:
160: "Central
157:
156:
155:
145: "Western
142:
141:
140:
123:
122:
121:
113:
112:
111:
105:
92:
91:
90:
61:
60:
59:
53:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Indigenization
3853:
3848:
3846:Ethnosymbolism
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3816:Ethnic penalty
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:Model minority
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Ethnopluralism
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3679:Ethnic enclave
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3389:Southeast Asia
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3268:Ethnosemiotics
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:Ethnomuseology
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3097:Ethnic studies
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:Supraethnicity
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3017:Minority group
3014:
3012:Metroethnicity
3009:
3007:Meta-ethnicity
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2875:
2873:
2860:
2858:
2845:
2843:
2830:
2828:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2737:
2724:
2715:
2701:Canary Islands
2697:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2327:
2310:World Factbook
2296:
2279:World Factbook
2265:
2248:World Factbook
2234:
2208:
2182:
2161:
2151:
2131:
2104:
2084:
2069:SIL Ethnologue
2051:
2014:
2000:
1980:
1966:
1946:
1931:
1904:
1848:
1782:
1768:
1748:
1734:
1714:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1492:
1491:Horn of Africa
1489:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1436:
1435:Horn of Africa
1433:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1317:Central Africa
1315:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1294:Central Africa
1292:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1264:
1263:Central Africa
1261:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1229:
1228:Central Africa
1226:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1193:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1162:
1161:Central Africa
1159:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1008:
999:
998:Central Africa
996:
990:
989:
986:
983:
966:
963:
957:
956:
953:
950:
929:
926:
920:
919:
913:
910:
905:
904:Horn of Africa
902:
896:
895:
890:
887:
878:
875:
869:
868:
863:
860:
857:
854:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
815:
802:
784:Central Africa
781:
775:
774:
771:
768:
763:
758:
752:
751:
748:
745:
732:
723:
717:
716:
713:
710:
685:
672:
666:
665:
662:
659:
622:
612:Central Africa
605:
599:
598:
595:
592:
571:
565:Horn of Africa
558:
552:
551:
548:
543:
540:
537:
530:(as of 2016):
519:
516:
513:
512:
427:
425:
418:
412:
409:
401:Central Africa
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3945:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Ethnocentrism
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Ethnic hatred
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3594:National myth
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Folk religion
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Ethnic origin
3507:
3505:
3504:Ethnic option
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Northern Asia
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:South America
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:United States
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3273:Ethnotaxonomy
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Ethnomedicine
3226:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Institutional
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Ethnomycology
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Polyethnicity
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Monoethnicity
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2884:South America
2880:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:North America
2850:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:Guinea-Bissau
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2337:
2331:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2098:. Routledge.
2097:
2096:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2054:
2052:0-86543-534-0
2048:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1786:
1771:
1769:1-929223-28-5
1765:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:Bantu peoples
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Guinea-Bissau
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1007:
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3871:Xenocentrism
3821:Ethnic slurs
3811:Ethnic party
3774:Ideology and
3694:Ethnic media
3636:White ethnic
3629:Neotribalism
3584:Nation state
3524:Ethnofiction
3455:ethnogenesis
3426:
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3369:Central Asia
3361:
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3263:Ethnoscience
3253:Ethnopoetics
3201:Ethnohistory
3139:Ethnogeology
3127:Ethnozoology
3117:Ethnoecology
3107:Ethnobiology
3092:Anthropology
3044:Panethnicity
2960:Ethnic group
2898:
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2740:Saint Helena
2711:
2615:South Africa
2605:Sierra Leone
2410:Burkina Faso
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2308:
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2287:. Retrieved
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2197:. 5 May 2012
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1990:
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1739:. Retrieved
1724:
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1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1690:
1614:South Africa
1591:Sierra Leone
1551:Nilo-Saharan
1539:Burkina Faso
1344:Burkina Faso
1094:Sierra Leone
1062:Burkina Faso
955:100+ (2013)
846:
792:North Africa
756:Austronesian
670:Nilo-Saharan
561:North Africa
556:Afro-Asiatic
521:
501:
492:
482:
475:
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461:
449:
437:Please help
432:verification
429:
373:Nilo-Saharan
365:North Africa
353:
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316:
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202:Nilo-Saharan
200:
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26:
3806:Ethnic joke
3614:Tribal name
3599:Origin myth
3574:Mythomoteur
3499:Ethnic flag
3484:Development
3169:Netnography
3144:Ethnography
3134:Ethnocinema
3112:Ethnobotany
3039:Nationality
2667:recognition
2620:South Sudan
2510:Ivory Coast
2320:31 December
2289:31 December
2258:31 December
2227:17 February
2122:|last=
1775:18 December
1741:23 November
1707:23 November
1587:Ivory Coast
1567:West Africa
1527:West Africa
1463:East Africa
1387:South Sudan
1348:Ivory Coast
1340:West Africa
1192:West Africa
1113:West Africa
1026:West Africa
885:Ivory Coast
877:West Africa
800:West Africa
788:East Africa
683:East Africa
675:Nile Valley
620:East Africa
608:West Africa
603:Niger-Congo
389:West Africa
385:Niger-Congo
377:East Africa
361:Afroasiatic
341:Niger-Congo
333:Afroasiatic
128:Volta-Niger
108:Niger–Congo
56:Afroasiatic
3912:Categories
3881:Xenophobia
3876:Xenophilia
3851:Indigenism
3786:Allophilia
3719:Ethnocracy
3609:Statistext
3539:Historical
3432:Indigenous
3384:South Asia
3320:Indigenous
3054:Population
2722:(Portugal)
2680:Somaliland
2600:Seychelles
2565:Mozambique
2550:Mauritania
2535:Madagascar
2490:The Gambia
2425:Cape Verde
2201:8 December
2001:9027295883
1967:9027295883
1932:9027295883
1682:References
1471:Mozambique
1030:Mauritania
988:36 (2016)
981:Mauritania
948:Mauritania
859:Countries
805:Afrikaners
761:Madagascar
465:newspapers
403:; and the
307:Afrikaaner
3841:Ethnocide
3714:Ethnoburb
3619:Tribalism
3402:Australia
3394:West Asia
3374:East Asia
3345:Caribbean
3330:Greenland
3211:Ethnology
3084:Ethnology
3022:Influence
2941:Ethnicity
2803:continent
2555:Mauritius
2175:17 August
2114:cite book
836:c. 2,000
82:Ethiopian
31:Afrikaans
3861:Nativism
3529:Ethnonym
3494:Ethnarch
3450:Identity
3437:European
3315:Americas
3159:Critical
3154:Clinical
2948:Concepts
2746: /
2742: /
2735:(France)
2729: /
2707: /
2703: /
2655:Zimbabwe
2630:Tanzania
2480:Ethiopia
2475:Eswatini
2455:Djibouti
2420:Cameroon
2405:Botswana
2195:Fox News
2023:language
1892:19155657
1884:29727585
1839:19407144
1631:See also
1503:Ethiopia
1499:Djibouti
1467:Zimbabwe
1439:Ethiopia
1415:Ethiopia
1411:Tanzania
1244:Cameroon
1204:Cameroon
1133:Cameroon
1050:Cameroon
908:Ethiopia
766:Malagasy
730:Tanzania
597:200-300
590:Tigrayan
495:May 2018
321:language
292:Malagasy
265:Khoikhoi
261:Khoi-San
151:Atlantic
74:Cushitic
18:Africans
3890:Related
3549:Kinship
3489:Endonym
3479:Demonym
3427:Oceania
3184:Salvage
2869:Oceania
2839:Eurasia
2797:of the
2731:RĂ©union
2727:Mayotte
2718:Madeira
2713:(Spain)
2709:Melilla
2640:Tunisia
2610:Somalia
2595:Senegal
2580:Nigeria
2570:Namibia
2560:Morocco
2525:Liberia
2520:Lesotho
2470:Eritrea
2440:Comoros
2415:Burundi
2390:Algeria
2058:23 June
2027:dialect
1830:2947357
1809:Bibcode
1800:Science
1624:(2016)
1571:Nigeria
1557:(2019)
1547:Algeria
1543:Nigeria
1523:Songhai
1517:(2009)
1495:Somalia
1481:(2000)
1453:(2022)
1425:(2007)
1379:Nilotes
1232:Nigeria
1218:(2017)
1196:Nigeria
1169:Burundi
1151:(2019)
1117:Nigeria
1054:Senegal
1046:Nigeria
1016:(2007)
977:Morocco
969:Algeria
961:Berbers
944:Tunisia
940:Morocco
932:Algeria
918:(2007)
867:(year)
856:Region
828:Africa
809:British
743:Sandawe
721:Khoisan
708:Songhai
547:(2016)
539:Region
536:Phylum
479:scholar
405:Khoisan
337:Khoisan
329:culture
325:dialect
305: (
273:Sandawe
247:Songhai
213:Nilotic
181:Bantoid
162:Bantoid
147:Bantoid
78:Semitic
66:Hamitic
35:African
3421:Europe
3335:Mexico
3325:Canada
3309:Africa
3174:Online
3034:Nation
2824:Africa
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2733:
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2650:Zambia
2645:Uganda
2585:Rwanda
2540:Malawi
2500:Guinea
2395:Angola
2149:
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2049:
2007:30 May
1998:
1973:30 May
1964:
1938:31 May
1929:
1897:28 May
1890:
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1837:
1827:
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1732:
1563:Yoruba
1487:Somali
1407:Uganda
1271:Angola
1224:Kanuri
1165:Rwanda
1042:Guinea
1034:Gambia
1022:Fulani
1006:Zambia
1002:Malawi
900:Amhara
825:Total
813:French
750:40-70
700:Maasai
692:Kanuri
653:Yoruba
586:Somali
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481:
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379:; the
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301:
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70:Berber
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3569:Mores
3291:World
3194:Video
3074:Tribe
2799:world
2705:Ceuta
2625:Sudan
2575:Niger
2530:Libya
2515:Kenya
2495:Ghana
2485:Gabon
2460:Egypt
2400:Benin
1888:S2CID
1795:(PDF)
1583:Ghana
1575:Benin
1531:Niger
1507:Kenya
1459:Shona
1443:Kenya
1431:Oromo
1403:Kenya
1391:Sudan
1356:Ghana
1352:Niger
1336:Mossi
1313:Mongo
1259:Kongo
1236:Niger
1208:Gabon
1141:Sudan
1129:Ghana
1125:Benin
1121:Niger
1109:Hausa
1086:Ghana
1078:Sudan
1070:Niger
1066:Benin
994:Chewa
973:Libya
936:Libya
924:Arabs
881:Ghana
688:Dinka
679:Sahel
664:1650
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645:Mooré
641:Mandé
637:Kongo
582:Oromo
578:Hausa
569:Sahel
486:JSTOR
472:books
411:Lists
397:Pygmy
277:Hadza
252:other
196:Mande
118:Bantu
97:Hausa
3363:Asia
3059:Race
2955:Clan
2635:Togo
2545:Mali
2435:Chad
2322:2013
2291:2013
2260:2013
2229:2022
2203:2013
2177:2016
2147:ISBN
2126:help
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2009:2018
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