Kingdom of the Netherlands

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The only Kingdom institution that requires the participation of the Caribbean countries in a mandatory way is the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom; both the Supreme Court and the Council of State of the Kingdom only include Caribbean members if one or more Caribbean countries ask for it, and the Caribbean countries are almost completely excluded from participating in the Kingdom's legislature. They can, however, participate in the drafting of a Kingdom act and their Ministers Plenipotentiary can oppose a Kingdom act otherwise supported by the Kingdom government in front of the Kingdom's parliament. Furthermore, according to article 15 of the Charter, the Ministers Plenipotentiary can request the Kingdom parliament to introduce a draft Kingdom act. Last, but not least, the Netherlands can, according to article 14 of the Charter, conduct Kingdom affairs on its own if conducting such affairs does not affect Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten. Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten do not have this right.

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augustus waarin hij staatkundige veranderingen afhankelijk maakte van financiële verbeteringen. Het oude verwijt dat steeds de relatie tussen Nederland en de Antillen heeft gekenmerkt, speelde onmiddellijk weer op. Nederland vereenzelvigt het Koninkrijk met Nederland en dicteert. De Nederlandse Antillen moeten slikken of stikken. Gevolg: ergernis in de West, verstoorde verhoudingen en verlies van momentum; geen frisse wind, maar meer een storm in de Caribische porseleinkast. Het zal allemaal wel te maken hebben met de behoefte van deze minister om te zeggen wat hij denkt en heilige huisjes niet te sparen, maar echt behulpzaam voor de verhoudingen in het Koninkrijk is het niet.

90: 3337: 1051: 2000: 76: 205: 5016:"Een poging om de structuur van het Koninkrijk samen te vatten leidt tot de volgende omschrijving: een vrijwillig samengaan van autonome landen in een boven die landen geplaatst soeverein Koninkrijk, waarbij de organen van het Koninkrijk grotendeels samenvallen met die van het grootste land, op het niveau van het Koninkrijk slechts enkele taken worden verricht en vanwege het Koninkrijk een beperkte invloed kan worden uitgeoefend op het autonome bestuur in de kleinere landen", in: C. Borman (2005) 1605: 3492: 3428: 3366: 3308: 1815: 1573: 3518: 1664: 2553:, and provisions concerning weights and measures shall be regulated as far as possible in a similar manner in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten". The Article further stipulates that when a drastic amendment of the existing legislation in regard to these matters is proposed, the proposal shall not be submitted to or considered by a representative assembly until the Governments in the other countries have had the opportunity to express their views on the matter. 3546: 3479: 1784: 1754: 3395: 3505: 1634: 2791: 2275: 3466: 3415: 1724: 3531: 1694: 3162: 692: 2562:

October 2010. The new Article 12a specifies that in addition to the administrative reconciliation procedure, "by Kingdom Act measures shall be made allowing for the arbitration of certain conflicts, as specified by Kingdom Act, between the Kingdom and the countries." The imperative formulation was the result of an amendment in the Chamber of Representatives by special delegates Evelyna Wever-Croes and

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English long-form name "Kingdom of the Netherlands" was used in place of the name "Netherlands" in formal UN documentation. In 2023, at the request of the Dutch government, the UN adopted "Kingdom of the Netherlands" as the official short form, which in alphabetical lists appears as "Netherlands (Kingdom of the)". The new form appears in the terminology database of the United Nations: UNTERM.

1320:, expressed a desire to review the relations between the Netherlands and its colonies after the end of the war. After liberation, the government would call a conference to agree on a settlement in which the overseas territories could participate in the administration of the Kingdom on the basis of equality. Initially, this speech had propaganda purposes; the Dutch government had the 1136:) and participate on a basis of equality as partners in the Kingdom. In practice, however, most of the Kingdom's affairs are administered by the Netherlands—which comprises roughly 98% of the Kingdom's land area and population—on behalf of the entire Kingdom. Consequently, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are dependent on the Netherlands for matters like 5287:

duidelijkst geldt dit voor de rijksministerraad, die gewoonlijk slechts zeer kortstondig beraadslaagt, met een zeer summiere agenda en met weinig discussie over de koers van het Koninkrijk als geheel. Voor de voorbereiding is de raad vrijwel geheel afhankelijk van (voorbereidend) overleg tussen vertegenwoordigers van de drie landsregeringen.

3130:—the commission that explored the current constitutional reform of the Kingdom—recommended that the "identification of the Netherlands with the Kingdom needs to be eliminated". The Council of State of the Kingdom joins the commission in this by remarking that the Kingdom of the Netherlands has no telephone number, no budget and that the 3098:

might imply that Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are not equal to the Kingdom's country in Europe and that the three island countries have no say in affairs pertaining to the Kingdom but are instead subordinate to the European country. Though the influence of the islands in Kingdom affairs is limited, it certainly exists.

2128:, for example, is not on the same level as it is in the Netherlands proper. In November 2008 it was decided to introduce the U.S. dollar in the three islands. The date of introduction was 1 January 2011. The Netherlands carries the risk of exchange rate fluctuations regarding cash flows between the state and the islands. 2352:

described in the Charter, when they affect Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten directly. In cases where affairs of the Kingdom do not affect Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten, they are dealt with according to the provisions laid down in the Constitution. In these cases the Netherlands, the jurisdiction ruled directly by the

4990:"De in het statuut neergelegde staatsvorm heeft een uniek karakter en is moeilijk in een bepaalde categorie onder te brengen Veelal wordt dan ook geconcludeerd dat het Koninkrijk niet van een duidelijke classificate kan worden voorzien. Gesproken wordt van een quasi-, dan wel pseudo-federatie of van een constructie 5021: 4999: 184: 2978:. On 11 October and 2 November 2006, agreements were signed between the Dutch government and the governments of each island that would put into effect the commission's findings by 15 December 2008. The reform took effect on 10 October 2010. Under these reforms, the Netherlands Antilles were dissolved and 5286:

Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden heeft geen adres of telefoonnummer en al evenmin een eigen budget. Als het Koninkrijk wordt gebeld, krijgt men Nederland aan de lijn. De relaties binnen het Koninkrijk zijn vooral een dynamisch onderhandelingsproces. Een democratisch gelegitimeerd centrum ontbreekt. Het

3097:

Apart from the fact that referring to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the "Netherlands" can be confusing, the term "Kingdom" is also used to prevent any feelings of ill will that could be associated with the use of the term "Netherlands." The use of the term "Netherlands" for the Kingdom as a whole

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like the English "(Kingdom of the) Netherlands", uses the plural form. In Dutch practice, however, "Kingdom of the Netherlands" is shortened to "Kingdom" and not to "Netherlands", as the latter name could be confused with the Kingdom's principal constituent country rather than with the Kingdom in its

1359:

based in the Netherlands, who had the right to participate in Dutch cabinet meetings that discussed affairs of the Kingdom as a whole when they pertained directly to Suriname or the Netherlands Antilles. Delegates of Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles could participate in sessions of the First and

3134:

usually meets very briefly with a summary agenda. To counter this habit, the Council of State has suggested that with the pending constitutional reform in the Kingdom, a Secretariat for the Kingdom will be instituted that prepares the agenda for the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom and guards the

2673:

alone). Article 24 of the Charter specifies that when an international treaty or agreement affects Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten, the treaty or agreement concerned shall be submitted to their representative assemblies. The article further specifies that when such a treaty or agreement is submitted

181: 179: 5213:

Hoewel Minister De Grave er wat ons betreft meer vaart achter had mogen zetten, had hij onmiskenbaar de goede richting te pakken én, dat is in Koninkrijkszaken cruciaal, de goede toon. Zijn opvolger, Minister Pechtold, bleek die broodnodige prudentie te ontberen met als dieptepunt zijn brief van 24

2771:

a voluntary association of autonomous countries in a sovereign Kingdom that is placed above them, in which the institutions of the Kingdom largely coincide with the institutions of the largest country, in which on the level of the Kingdom only a few affairs are governed, and in which from the level

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where the Charter does not provide for them. The Charter also does not provide a procedure for the enactment of Kingdom acts; articles 81 to 88 of the Constitution of the Netherlands also apply for Kingdom acts, but with some additions and corrections stipulated in articles 15 to 22 of the Charter.

1398:

Suriname was a constituent country within the Kingdom from 1954 to 1975, while the Netherlands Antilles was a constituent country from 1954 until 2010. Suriname has since become an independent republic, and the Netherlands Antilles was divided into six. Three are constituent countries: Aruba (since

3033:

would operate in them. As a transitional measure, however, only Netherlands law necessary to function within its legal system took immediate effect when the BES islands joined the Netherlands on 10 October 2010, while most laws of the Netherlands Antilles remained in force. Since that date, Dutch

2763:

A characteristic that points to a devolved unitary state is the ability of the Kingdom government, according to article 50 of the Charter, to render a legislative or administrative measure of one of the Caribbean countries void if it is inconsistent with the Charter, an international agreement, a

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Article 26 specifies that when Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten communicate their wish for the conclusion of an international economic or financial agreement that applies solely to the country concerned, the Government of the Kingdom shall assist in the conclusion of such an agreement, unless this

2508:

Article 13 of the Charter specifies that there is a Council of State of the Kingdom. It is (as all institutions of the Kingdom) regulated in the Constitution, but the Charter implies that at the request of Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten, a member from each of these islands can be included in the

2351:

that also constitutes and regulates the institutions of the Kingdom as a whole as mentioned in the Charter. The Constitution is also subordinate to the Charter. The provisions in the Charter for some of these institutions are additional and are applicable only for those affairs of the Kingdom, as

183: 180: 182: 5082:

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, by reason of the constitutional structure of the Kingdom resulting from the Statute of 29 December 1954, shall, by way of derogation from Article 227, be entitled to ratify the Treaty on behalf of the Kingdom in Europe and Netherlands New Guinea

2561:

In case of a conflict between a constituent country and the Kingdom, Article 12 of the Charter prescribes an administrative reconciliation procedure. This was often deemed a democratic deficit of the Kingdom, leading to the adoption of an amendment to the Charter, which entered into force on 10

3076:

Outside the Kingdom of the Netherlands, "Netherlands" is used as the English short-form name to describe the Kingdom of the Netherlands. At the United Nations, for example, the Kingdom was, until 2023, identified in the General Assembly by its English short-form name "Netherlands", whereas the

2748:

The Kingdom's federal characteristics include the delineation of Kingdom affairs in the Charter, the enumeration of the constituting parts of the Kingdom in the Charter, the fact that the Charter subordinates the law of the constituting countries to the law of the Kingdom, the establishment of

176: 175: 2525:

of the Kingdom by virtue of the Cassation regulation for the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The basis for this regulation is article 23 of the Charter. The second paragraph of that article specifies that if an overseas country of the Kingdom so requests, the Kingdom Act should provide for an

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Secretary-General in compliance with the wishes expressed in General Assembly resolutions 222 (III) and 747 (VIII). New York, 30 March 1955 (* Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, 41, Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen in de Verenigde Naties III, Staatsdrukkerij-en uitgeversbedrijf/ 's

178: 177: 174: 2123:

in most ways (with a mayor, aldermen, and a municipal council, for example) and are subject to the ordinary Dutch legislative process. Residents of these three islands are also able to vote in Dutch national and European elections. There are, however, some derogations for these islands.

2356:, acts alone, according to its constitution and in its capacity as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The other three countries cannot do the same for affairs of the Kingdom that only pertain to them and not to the Netherlands proper. In these cases, the provisions of the Charter prevail. 2656:

On the basis of Article 38, the countries of the Kingdom can decide to adopt a Kingdom Act outside of the scope of the aforementioned Kingdom affairs. Such acts are referred to as Consensus Kingdom Acts, as they require the consent of the parliaments of Aruba, Curaçao and St. Maarten.

1480:

In January 1986, Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles, becoming a constituent country of the Kingdom in its own right. In October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved and Curaçao and Sint Maarten became the newest constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

1351:, as enacted in 1954, a composite state was created (also known as the "Tripartite Kingdom of the Netherlands"), consisting of the Netherlands (mainland), Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. Under the provisions of the Charter, both former colonies were granted internal autonomy. 2509:

Council of State. Aruba is currently exercising this right. This has not always been the case; the Netherlands Antilles had no member until 1987 and Aruba had none until 2000. Sint Maarten's first member of the Council of State will be former Lieutenant Governor Dennis Richardson.

3123:

that " the old reproof that constantly characterised the relationship between the Netherlands and the Antilles immediately surfaced again. The Netherlands identifies the Kingdom with the Netherlands and dictates. The Netherlands Antilles can like it or lump it." In addition, the

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Article 27 specifies the involvement of Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten in the preparations for a treaty or agreement that affects them and Article 28 specifies that Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten may, if they so desire, accede to membership of international organisations.

1292:

received the same status that Luxembourg had enjoyed before, as a Dutch province that at the same time formed a Duchy of the German Confederation. That status was reversed when the German Confederation ceased to exist in 1867, when Limburg became an ordinary Dutch province.

1505:: the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten. There is a difference between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Netherlands: the Kingdom of the Netherlands is the comprehensive sovereign state, while the Netherlands is one of its four constituent countries. Three 1308:(stating "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live, and the desire for a permanent system of general security"), which was signed by the Netherlands on 1 January 1942. Changes were proposed in the 7 December 1942 radio speech by 3871: 2414:

In December 2007, a Deputy Council for Kingdom Relations was established. This deputy council prepares the meetings of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom. The establishment of such a Council has long been advocated by the Council of State of the Kingdom.

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Article 25 gives Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten the opportunity to opt out from an international treaty or agreement. The treaty or agreement concerned then has to specify that the treaty or agreement does not apply to Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten.

1167:) are located in the Caribbean, as are the other three constituent countries. The Kingdom has a population in the Netherlands of 17,821,419 (as of January 2023), and of 29,418 (as of November 2023) in Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius. 5098:"The provisions of Part Four of the Treaty were applied to Surinam, by virtue of a Supplementary Act of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to complete its instrument of ratification, from 1 September 1962 to 16 July 1976.", in: eur-lex.europa.eu – 3778: 2776:

Constitutional scholar C. A. J. M. Kortmann speaks of an "association of countries that has characteristics of a federation, yet one of its own kind." Belinfante and De Reede do speak about a "federal association" without any reservations.

5173: 2938: 5086: 1052: 1453:, the cabinet declared a wish to determine a date for the independence of Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles with the governments of those nations. The Antillean government was non-committal; the same held for the Surinamese 1399:

1986), Curaçao and Sint Maarten (since 2010); three are special municipalities of the Netherlands proper: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. Netherlands New Guinea was a dependent territory of the Kingdom until 1962, followed by

172: 3863: 4490: 1476:

to realise its plans for Surinamese independence. Despite vehement and emotional resistance by the Surinamese opposition, Den Uyl and Arron reached an agreement, and, on 25 November 1975, Suriname became independent.

1418:

visited Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. The royal couple were welcomed enthusiastically by the local population, and the trip was widely reported in the Dutch press. Several other royal visits were to follow.

173: 1467:

as prime minister. The new government declared that Suriname would be independent before 1976. This was remarkable, as independence had not been an issue during the election campaign. The Den Uyl government in

5075:, at the time of signature of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, to define the scope of the provisions of Article 227 of this Treaty in respect of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 2933:

and the Netherlands Antilles were explicitly excluded from association with the European Economic Community by means of a special protocol attached to the Treaty of Rome, the status of Suriname as an

3888:

Examples of this practice can be found in all government documents and in nearly all press reports on Kingdom affairs, as well as in institutions that are related to the Kingdom of the Netherlands:

3065: 5169: 5264:"Voorlichting overeenkomstig artikel 18, tweede lid, van de Wet op de Raad van State inzake de hervorming van de staatkundige verhoudingen van de Antilliaanse eilanden binnen het Koninkrijk" 3193:

The Kingdom of the Netherlands covers a total area of 42,531 km (16,421 sq mi); and a land area of 34,467 km (13,308 sq mi). The Kingdom of the Netherlands has

3630:

The literal translation into English is "I will maintain"; a better translation, however, is "I will hold firm" or "I will uphold" (namely, the integrity and independence of the territory).

2956:

that are part of the Netherlands proper, are OCTs. Since citizenship is a Kingdom affair, and is thus not distinguished for the four countries, citizens from all four countries are also

2721:

Most scholars agree that it is difficult to group the constitutional arrangements of the Kingdom in one of the traditional models of state organisation, and consider the Kingdom to be a

2605:

Regulation of the nationality of vessels and the standards required for the safety and navigation of seagoing vessels flying the flag of the Kingdom, with the exception of sailing ships;

4650: 1374:). The right of the two autonomous countries to leave the Kingdom, unilaterally, was not recognised; yet it also stipulated that the Charter could be dissolved by mutual consultation. 4813: 4118: 3962: 4302: 1288:

with the Netherlands. Luxembourg also lost more than half of its territory to Belgium. To compensate the German Confederation for that loss, the remainder of the Dutch province of

4025: 2895:. These comparisons are not exact; for instance, aside from the King of New Zealand, there is no constitutional structure shared between New Zealand, the Cook Islands, and Niue. 5064:"Treaty Establishing the EEC – Protocol on the Application of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community to the Non-European Parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 4889: 2418:

The Government and the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom, along with the monarchy itself, are subject to Article 5 of the Charter that refers their regulation mainly to the

4077: 4591: 4494: 4638:

De openbare lichamen vallen rechtstreeks onder het Rijk omdat zij geen deel uitmaken van een provincie. (The public bodies (...), because they are not part of a Province)

3937: 2573:

The new Article 38a allows for measures to be made for arbitration between countries as well. In contrast with Article 12a, this article is not imperatively formulated.

6049: 5102: 4909: 5137: 2937:(OCT) of the Community was established by a Supplementary Act completing the instrument of ratification of the Kingdom of the Netherlands on 1 September 1962. The 2686:), the Ministers Plenipotentiary may communicate their wish that the treaty or agreement concerned shall be subject to the express approval of the States General. 2749:

Kingdom institutions in the Charter, and the fact that the Kingdom has its own legislative instruments: the Kingdom act and the Order-in-Council for the Kingdom.

5121: 3852:, which is only a part of the Kingdom. In some contexts "the Netherlands" refers to the constituent country, in more formal contexts it may refer to the Kingdom. 431: 4192: 4144: 3131: 2706: 2638: 2388: 5270: 3009:) became direct parts of the Netherlands, which is itself the major constituent country of the Kingdom. As special municipalities, they were constituted as " 3777:), except for the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defence, since they always act in a Kingdom capacity. For more information on this, see 6024: 4552: 5087:

Treaty establishing the EEC – Protocol on the application of the Treaty establishing the EEC to the non-European parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

4375: 1509:(Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten) are the three remaining constituent countries. Three other Caribbean islands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba) are 6044: 3094:

Charter capacity. The Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands also shortens "Kingdom of the Netherlands" to "Kingdom" rather than to "Netherlands".

2669:

and agreements. Those that do not affect Aruba, Curaçao, or Sint Maarten directly are dealt with by the provisions of the Constitution (in fact by the

3749:

The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is referred to as "Our Prime Minister, in his capacity as chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom" (

2163:, linked to the U.S. dollar; the U.S. dollar is accepted almost everywhere on the island. Aruba has two official languages: its own national language 4849: 4741: 4168: 3876: 4242:

The Charter of the Kingdom was fully explained in an "EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands", transmitted to the

1194: 1117: 696: 2755:

Characteristics that point more or less to a federacy include the fact that the functioning of the institutions of the Kingdom is governed by the

6039: 482: 4625: 1490: 4654: 4529: 2500:

and the Government. Articles 14, 16 and 17 of the Charter give some participation to the parliaments of the Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.

5234: 4824: 4926: 4099: 3959: 6034: 2083:. The provinces are divided into municipalities. The Netherlands has the euro as its currency, except in the special municipalities of the 1400: 2139:, with its own constitution, is a representative parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. Its administration consists of the 4298: 3119: 2812: 2767:

The constitutional structure of the Kingdom is summarised by constitutional scholar C. Borman, in an often-cited definition, as follows:

2367: 2292: 2028: 4958: 4009: 3350: 2582: 2423: 2344: 1378: 1348: 660: 624: 195: 5038:"associatie van landen die trekken heeft van een federatie (Bondsstaat), maar wel een eigensoortige", in: C. A. J. M. Kortmann (2005) 4975: 1493:

in a series of festive occasions spanning from 2013 to 2015, the last being the year of the actual 200th anniversary of the Kingdom.

227: 5354: 4766: 4073: 2917:, do treat their external territories as integral components, but have only one country/nationality level equivalent to the state. 2752:

Its confederal characteristics include the fact that the Charter can only be amended by consensus among the constituent countries.

2404: 2003:

Tree structure of subdivisions of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, showing the geographic location of its four constituent countries

476: 4886: 4599: 3879:). The number given here results from adding the population statistics of the Netherlands with those of the Caribbean Netherlands. 3239:(Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten) are all of volcanic origin and hilly, leaving little ground suitable for agriculture. The 2249:

countries and special municipalities, Sint Maarten covers only part of an island. It consists of roughly the southern half of the

2119:, are islands in the Caribbean that are part of the Netherlands proper but not part of any Dutch province. They resemble ordinary 204: 5117:"The Netherlands also includes 6 overseas countries and territories in the Caribbean. These territories are not part of the EU." 3559: 3038:

is not at the same level as in the European part of the Netherlands, and the islands' currency is the U.S. dollar, not the euro.

2969: 2946: 2392: 2384: 1514: 4684: 3769:) when they act as Kingdom Ministers, as for example with "Our Minister of Justice in his capacity as Minister of the Kingdom" ( 4883:

Schurende rechtsordes: over juridische implicates van de UPG-status voor de eilandgebieden van de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba

4796: 3068:(OMR), also called Ultra Peripheral Regions (UPR). The study would also look into how the islands would fare under UPR status. 2104: 4100:"Besluit van 24 juni 2021 tot vaststelling van het tijdstip van inwerkingtreding van de Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal" 4051: 3986: 2400: 461: 5980: 5745: 5196: 4019: 3342: 2930: 1352: 3861:

The population statistics of the Central Bureau of Statistics for the Netherlands do not include the Caribbean Netherlands (

3782: 3761:. Other ministers of the Netherlands are referred to with the additional line "in his capacity as Minister of the Kingdom" ( 89: 2653:. Article 14, paragraph 3, of the Charter, foresees the handling of Kingdom affairs in all other cases by the Netherlands. 2175: 3934:"LANDSVERORDENING van de 28ste maart 2007 houdende vaststelling van de officiële talen (Landsverordening officiële talen)" 6019: 5519: 4906: 3933: 2372: 422: 2934: 1415: 5118: 3041:

The special municipalities will be represented in the affairs of the Kingdom by the Netherlands, as they vote for the

2376: 4188: 3054: 3026: 2957: 2838: 2675: 2497: 2485: 2408: 2396: 2314: 2120: 2024: 2016: 1361: 1202: 446: 4217: 2820: 1404: 1368:

when appropriate. According to the Charter, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles could each alter its "Basic Law" (

5417: 5263: 5085:

Done at Rome this twenty-fifth day of March in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven.", in: cvce.eu –

4434: 870: 5250:

Aanbevelingen Koninkrijk "Nieuwe Stijl": 7. De vereenzelviging van Nederland met het Koninkrijk wordt doorbroken.

3081:, also, frequently shorten "Kingdom of the Netherlands" to "Netherlands". The Dutch name that is commonly used is 2526:

additional court member from that country. To date, neither Aruba, Curaçao, nor Sint Maarten has used this right.

5099: 4367: 3022: 2756: 2419: 2359:

Changes in the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands can only be made when all constituent countries agree.

2353: 2348: 2100: 630: 582: 95: 6029: 2816: 2634:

Paragraph 2 of Article 3 specifies that "other matters may be declared to be Kingdom affairs in consultation".

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supplied international recognition of William's unilateral move. The new king of the Netherlands was also made

4480:(Stringent Kingdom Ties. The Dutch De-colonisation Policy in the Caribbean; Amsterdam: University Press 2001). 2242: 2223: 2088: 1309: 943: 763: 5601: 3220:

at only 322.7 m (1,059 ft), but with the constitutional reform of 10 October 2010 this changed as

5616: 5347: 3152: 3050: 2941:

entered into force on 1 October 1964, signalling the attainment of OCT status by the Netherlands Antilles.

2903: 2340: 2258: 2108: 1609: 1226: 1151:

The vast majority of land area of the constituent country of the Netherlands is in Europe, while its three

860: 826: 24: 5228:"Nu kan het... nu moet het! Advies Werkgroep Bestuurlijke en Financiële Verhoudingen Nederlandse Antillen" 4857: 4733: 1222: 4885:, Groningen: Faculteit rechtsgeleerdheid van de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, pp. 119–124. This study was 3755:

Onze Minister-President, in zijn hoedanigheid van voorzitter van de raad van ministers van het Koninkrijk

3583: 3212:

were erected to protect the land from flooding. Previously, the highest point of the Netherlands was the

3208:

About one quarter of the Netherlands lies below sea level, as much land has been reclaimed from the sea.

2898:

Other states also have multiple territories, but such territories are distinct. Some states, such as the

2194:, with its own constitution, is also a representative parliamentary democracy organised as a centralised 1450: 1336: 678: 416: 5940: 5674: 1392: 1328:) in mind, and hoped to appease public opinion in the United States, which had become skeptical towards 1197:. The great powers of Europe, united against Napoleonic France, had decided in the secret treaty of the 5537: 5396: 3587: 3231:

The Caribbean parts of the Kingdom consist of two zones with different geographic origins, both in the

2211: 2206:. The sovereign people of Curaçao are represented by 21 members of parliament and the President of the 1411: 1176: 1074: 5225: 4882: 2336: 75: 4621: 3757:) when he acts as a Minister of the Kingdom. An example of this can be found in article 2(3a) of the 3663: 3156: 3046: 3010: 2914: 2623: 2518: 2203: 2032: 1506: 1313: 3684:

Dutch is an official language in all four constituent countries. English is an official language in

5640: 5377: 4521: 4257: 3034:

legislation slowly replaced Netherlands Antilles laws. Nevertheless, some derogations exist: e.g.,

2801: 2710: 2590: 2469: 1438:. In the same year, Suriname saw serious political instability with the Surinamese prime minister, 1435: 1356: 1261: 1198: 647: 5227: 2764:

Kingdom act, an Order-in-Council for the Kingdom, or if it regulates an otherwise Kingdom affair.

2207: 1427: 5340: 4933: 3030: 2986:

became constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, obtaining the same status as

2805: 2285: 2250: 2144: 1502: 1281: 1249: 613: 403: 389: 81: 3148: 2608:

Supervision of the general rules governing the admission and expulsion of Netherlands nationals;

2015:. Its administration consists of the Monarch and the Council of Ministers, which is headed by a 5945: 5704: 5669: 4767:"Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles: Political relations within the Kingdom of the Netherlands" 3592: 2945:

is now an independent republic and a sovereign country, outside the EU. The Antilles have been

2530: 1382: 1340: 838: 19:

This article is about the sovereign state. For the constituent country with the same name, see

4330:(Between Autonomy and Independence. Dutch-Surinamese Relations 1954–1961; Leiden: KITLV 1999). 2939:

Convention on the association of the Netherlands Antilles with the European Economic Community

2460:

of the Kingdom. The Monarch is represented in Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten by a governor.

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Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles to become a constituent country in its own right

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Knellende Koninkrijksbanden. Het Nederlandse dekolonisatiebeleid in de Caraïben, 1940–2000

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Werkgroep Bestuurlijke en Financiële Verhoudingen Nederlandse Antillen (8 October 2004).

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cabinet (1969–1973). Suriname's 1973 elections brought the National Party Combination (

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Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) – Text of the Treaty

4924:

In Dutch: Cassatieregeling voor de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba, text available here

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constitutional nature, some other states have similar properties. In particular, the

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Tussen autonomie en onafhankelijkheid. Nederlands-Surinaamse betrekkingen 1954–1961

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The Netherlands has proposed to conducted a study on the BES islands acquiring the

3053:

councils; however, as the BES islands are not part of any province, each elects an

3042: 2602:

Regulation of the orders of chivalry, the flag and the coat of arms of the Kingdom;

2550: 1305: 1086: 285: 5200: 4145:"Carlson Manuel becomes the new Minister Plenipotentiary for Curaçao in The Hague" 3114: 2343:

regulate the governance of their respective countries, but are subordinate to the

2202:, who represents the Monarch, and the (Curaçao) Council of Ministers, headed by a 5596: 5125: 5106: 5025: 5003: 4979: 4913: 4893: 4800: 3966: 3717: 3275: 3252: 3236: 3166: 3035: 2892: 2627: 2445:). An example of a Kingdom act is the "Kingdom Act regarding Dutch citizenship" ( 2246: 2143:, who represents the Monarch, and the (Aruban) Council of Ministers, headed by a 2125: 1855: 1317: 1070: 311: 122: 3758: 3029:

in most ways (e.g., they have mayors, aldermen, and municipal councils) and the

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Onze Minister van Justitie in zijn hoedanigheid van minister van het Koninkrijk

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form the Government of the Kingdom. According to Article 7 of the Charter, the

1669: 1285: 1206: 1185:'s defeat in 1815. In that year the Netherlands regained its independence from 1164: 1137: 1127: 1045: 1033: 514: 467: 272: 47: 4414: 2147:. The sovereign people of Aruba are represented by 21 parliamentarians in the 6013: 5876: 5871: 5527: 5504: 5499: 5483: 5447: 5442: 5427: 4460: 4283:

Edward, J.E.; Acton, D.A.; Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Benians, E.A. (1907).

4114: 3693: 3536: 3225: 3221: 3002: 2910:, do not consider their external territories as integral parts of the state. 2868: 2734: 2522: 2457: 2238: 2195: 2160: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2012: 1699: 1181:

The Kingdom of the Netherlands originated in the aftermath of French Emperor

1160: 1078: 936: 786: 400: 397: 242: 229: 5861: 5664: 5478: 5473: 5457: 5432: 3729: 3689: 3667: 3551: 3178: 3106: 3101:

Talking about the negotiation tactics of then Minister for Kingdom Affairs

2983: 2907: 2880: 2772:

of the Kingdom a limited influence can be exerted on the smaller countries.

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Two legal instruments are available at the Kingdom level: the Kingdom act (

2234: 2219: 2094: 1789: 1454: 1446: 1439: 1245: 1238: 1113: 779: 379: 348: 328: 5840: 4769:. Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties. Archived from 3274:

in the summer months. The European part of the Netherlands has a moderate

1407:. It was not an autonomous country, and was not mentioned in the Charter. 1264:, a part of the Kingdom that was, at the same time, a member state of the 1248:, the Sovereign Prince William of Orange and Nassau adopted the style of " 5818: 5699: 5557: 5532: 4792: 3849: 3737: 3643: 3497: 3433: 3371: 3313: 3232: 3213: 3194: 3186: 2994: 2953: 2876: 2854: 2724: 2670: 2563: 2020: 2008: 1604: 1578: 1464: 1329: 1090: 437: 364: 20: 5332: 4459:(The Pearls and the Crown. The Royal House and the Colonies; Amsterdam: 4422: 4398: 3646:, while The Hague is the seat of the government representing both; 5606: 5572: 3655: 3270:, with warm weather all year round. The Leeward Islands are subject to 3256: 3248: 2742: 2730: 2729:

arrangement. Instead, the Kingdom is said to have characteristics of a

2484:

of all countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and fall under the

2375:, the reigning monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and his wife 2299: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2164: 2068: 2048: 1473: 1442:, threatening to request military support to break a teachers' strike. 1431: 1182: 1145: 1082: 1073:

consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the

394: 290: 5792: 3705: 3685: 3659: 3484: 3174: 3161: 3127:

Werkgroep Bestuurlijke en Financiële Verhoudingen Nederlandse Antillen

3071: 2979: 2646: 2191: 1759: 1423: 1109: 775: 374: 5813: 5586: 5552: 5170:"St. Eustatius, Saba, Bonaire and The Hague Reach Historic Agreement" 5080:

upon the following provisions, which shall be annexed to this Treaty:

3713: 2542: 2347:. The Netherlands is ruled by the provisions and institutions of the 2044: 2040: 1469: 1325: 1098: 262: 221: 148: 4553:"Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? - Rijksoverheid.nl" 2963: 2790: 2557:

Mutual arbitration between the constituent countries and the Kingdom

2274: 1284:. At that point, Luxembourg became a fully independent country in a 1280:, a step that was recognised by the Netherlands only in 1839 in the 5984: 5679: 5312: 5141: 4011:

Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects

3562:. Curaçao and Sint Maarten became constituent countries, while the 3400: 3057:

who then choose the Senators similarly to the provincial councils.

2942: 2738: 2701:

Among other affiliations, the kingdom is also a founding member of

2481: 2241:, with similar administrative characteristics to Aruba. It has the 1141: 931: 790: 767: 748: 729: 4491:"Koning en Koningin bij viering 200 jaar Koninkrijk in Maastricht" 4299:"Dutch involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and abolition" 3224:

became part of the Netherlands as a special municipality, and its

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Nr. 17 Amendement van de Bijzonder Gedelegeerden Wever en Thijsen

3983:"Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" 3733: 3709: 3586:– a confederation between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the 3510: 3267: 3244: 3198: 2998: 2960:. However, these territories are not part of the European Union. 2925:

The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a founding member state of the

2888: 2864: 2080: 2036: 1639: 1304:

The Kingdom's 1954 administrative reform was sparked by the 1941

1156: 918: 595: 343: 333: 5307: 2694:

would be inconsistent with the country's ties with the Kingdom.

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of Aruba; the original formulation was "by Kingdom Act measures

1521:, with the exception of Aruba, which left the grouping in 1986. 5892: 5730: 5709: 5611: 5591: 5509: 4622:"31.954, Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" 3736:

are recognised as regional or non-territorial languages in the

3642:

Amsterdam is the constitutional capital of the kingdom and the

3228:(887 m; 2,910 ft) took the place of the Vaalserberg. 3181:

are separate constituent countries within the Kingdom, whereas

3117:

illustrated the sensitivity in this matter by remarking in the

2666: 2184: 1347:

were insignificant compared to that of the Netherlands. By the

1186: 500: 5303:

Official English website of the government of the Netherlands

5302: 4550: 4014:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. 3701: 3651: 3471: 3420: 3201:, Germany (both in the European Netherlands), and France (on 3170: 2987: 2642: 2618:

One additional Kingdom affair is specified in article 43(2):

2611:

General conditions for the admission and expulsion of aliens;

2136: 1729: 1105: 906: 894: 798: 496: 369: 4368:"'Free Papua Movement' Intensifies Amid Escalating Violence" 3936:(in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. 3087:, which is a singular form, whereas the official Dutch name 5317: 5308:

Official Dutch website of the government of the Netherlands

4887:

mandated by the Dutch State Secretary for Kingdom Relations

4008:

Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010).

2974:

In 2004, a joint commission proposed major reforms for the

2884: 2702: 2011:

is a representative parliamentary democracy organised as a

1301:

The Netherlands abolished slavery in its colonies in 1863.

1193:, which had annexed its northern neighbour in 1810, as the 1097:

and with several smaller island territories located in the

967: 883: 725: 1422:

In 1969, an unorganised strike on the Antillean island of

4814:"BSD Coordinatie algemeen regeringsbeleid stcrnt 2009 63" 3795: 3759:

Act on financial supervision for Curaçao and Sint Maarten

1144:, but are autonomous to a certain degree, with their own 1011: 1000: 989: 978: 956: 842: 830: 821: 2095:

Caribbean Netherlands: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba

5262:

Raad van State van het Koninkrijk (18 September 2006).

4282: 3897:

Ministerie van Binnenlanse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties

2920: 1526:

Constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

1276:

In 1830, the southerners, calling themselves Belgians,

4881:

H.G. Hoogers (2008) "De landen en het Koninkrijk", in

4343:[Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands]. 3900:("Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Affairs"), the 2639:

Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

2389:

Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

1271: 5987:

in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the

4457:

De parels en de kroon. Het koningshuis en de koloniën

4399:"Indonesia, the Netherlands and the New Guinea Issue" 4285:

The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. X: The Restoration

3169:

islands, all part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

2990:

which seceded from the Netherlands Antilles in 1986.

1430:, during which a part of the historic city centre of 4169:

Emmanuel requests letter Violenus read to Dutch govt

3848:

Not to be confused with the constituent country the

3767:

in zijn hoedanigheid van Minister van het Koninkrijk

3281: 3243:(Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao) are largely lacking in 2637:

These Kingdom affairs are only taken care of by the

2167:

and the Kingdom of the Netherlands' Dutch language.

209:

Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale

5197:"Bijdrage debat Begroting Koninkrijksrelaties 2006" 4592:"Monetary, Safety Law BES islands approved islands" 4007: 3072:

Distinction between the Netherlands and the Kingdom

2665:The Kingdom negotiates and concludes international 5323:Official website of the government of Sint Maarten 4907:Dennis Richardson voorgedragen voor Raad van State 3566:became special municipalities of the Netherlands. 5140:. Government.nl. 13 February 2007. Archived from 3716:, the West Frisian language has a formal status. 2964:Constitutional reform of the Netherlands Antilles 1513:within the country of the Netherlands. Until its 1445:In 1973, a new Dutch cabinet under Labour leader 6050:Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean 6011: 5167: 4793:Instellingsbesluit raad voor Koninkrijksrelaties 3969:: "The official languages are Dutch and English" 3952: 3638: 3636: 2411:chairs the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom. 2257:. The northern half of the island is the French 2159:. It has its own Central Bank and currency, the 2035:. The Netherlands is divided into 12 provinces: 1501:The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four 1195:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands 53: 5138:"Agreement on division of Netherlands Antilles" 3595:(1958–1962) – made up of 10 provinces of the UK 3251:occurs along the deformed southern edge of the 3023:Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2496:The legislature of the Kingdom consists of the 2420:Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2354:Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2349:Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 4624:(in Dutch). Eerste kamer der Staten-Generaal. 3928: 3926: 3906:("Kingdom Games", the Dutch equivalent of the 2630:and good governance shall be a Kingdom affair. 1312:. In this speech, the Queen, on behalf of the 1239:Napoleon's return from his first exile on Elba 5348: 5318:Official website of the government of Curaçao 5194: 4551:Ministerie van Algemene Zaken (19 May 2015). 4341:"Statuut voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden" 4107:Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 4040: 3818: 3633: 1434:was destroyed by fire. Order was restored by 1339:was considered too heavy as the economies of 1252:". Following Napoleon's second defeat at the 659:42,531 km (16,421 sq mi) ( 4076:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. 11 January 2016. 3680: 3678: 3676: 3391:Suriname gained independence and became the 2437:) and the Order-in-Council for the Kingdom ( 2327: 1205:in the territories that were previously the 1089:with its largest subdivision, the eponymous 108: 5313:Official website of the government of Aruba 5199:(in Dutch). ChristenUnie.nl. Archived from 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4396: 3960:Art. 1 para 2. Constitution of Sint Maarten 3923: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3825: 3811:.bq is designated, but not in use, for the 3616: 3185:are part of the constituent country of the 3125: 3088: 3082: 2852: 2819:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2722: 1458: 1386: 1385:, and the Netherlands Antilles, (formerly, 1369: 1364:. An overseas member could be added to the 1131: 1121: 143: 39: 6025:States and territories established in 1815 5976: 5806: 5355: 5341: 5053:Beginselen van het Nederlandse Staatsrecht 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4466: 4449: 3977: 3975: 3351:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 3333: 2424:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2345:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1569: 1379:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1349:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands 203: 6045:Member states of the Dutch Language Union 5991:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010. 5362: 4511:. Amsterdam/Brussel: Elsevier. pp. 43–44. 4001: 3894:("Council of Ministers of the Kingdom"), 3673: 3135:enforcement of decisions of the council. 3113:Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands 3025:. These municipalities resemble ordinary 2839:Learn how and when to remove this message 2529:According to Article 39 of the Charter, " 2315:Learn how and when to remove this message 2091:was replaced by the U.S. dollar in 2011. 1244:In March 1815, amidst the turmoil of the 16:Sovereign state including the Netherlands 5163: 5161: 5159: 4366:Paddock, Richard C. (12 December 2020). 3700:. Papiamento is an official language in 3160: 2716: 2589:Maintenance of the independence and the 2405:Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten 2366: 2179:Historic Area of Willemstad, declared a 2174: 1998: 1496: 1355:and the Netherlands Antilles each got a 1046:[ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛikdɛrˈneːdərlɑndə(n)] 477:Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten 5130: 4864: 4699: 4365: 4322: 4320: 4183: 4181: 3972: 3882: 2970:Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles 2906:, as well as the United States and its 2581:Article 3 of the Charter specifies the 2393:Council of Ministers of the Netherlands 1837:42,525 km (16,419 sq mi) 1620:41,545 km (16,041 sq mi) 1589:41,873 km (16,167 sq mi) 1388:Kolonie Curaçao en Onderhorige Eilanden 6040:1815 establishments in the Netherlands 6012: 5051:A.D. Belinfante, J.L. De Reede (2002) 4957:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4761: 4759: 4212: 4210: 4074:"Welke erkende talen heeft Nederland?" 3940:from the original on 10 September 2019 3874:from the original on 9 September 2015, 3855: 3278:, with cool summers and mild winters. 3266:The Caribbean islands have a tropical 2456:The Monarch of the Netherlands is the 1943:Papiamento, Dutch (official), Spanish 1395:") were colonies of the Netherlands. 5839: 5791: 5637: 5374: 5336: 5156: 4628:from the original on 25 November 2010 4514: 4437:from the original on 25 December 2021 4378:from the original on 15 February 2022 4305:from the original on 12 December 2021 4080:from the original on 27 December 2017 4054:from the original on 27 December 2017 3989:from the original on 21 December 2017 3891:Raad van Ministers van het Koninkrijk 3834: 3611:The official motto is in French. The 2952:The Caribbean islands, including the 2198:. Its administration consists of the 2023:). The people are represented by the 1852: 1810: 1780: 1750: 1720: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1531: 1104:The four subdivisions of the Kingdom— 1044: 5328:Official website of the Royal Family 5240:from the original on 25 October 2007 5168:The Daily Herald (12 October 2006). 4850:"Onderraad voor Koninkrijksrelaties" 4317: 4195:from the original on 13 January 2020 4178: 3842: 2921:Relationship with the European Union 2817:adding citations to reliable sources 2784: 2660: 2297:adding citations to reliable sources 2268: 1517:in 2010, the islands had formed the 1227:William, Prince of Orange and Nassau 887: 6035:Member states of the European Union 5979:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; 5176:from the original on 6 October 2007 4896:and was used for government policy. 4756: 4651:"The Bonaire Insider – InfoBonaire" 4493:. Dutch Royal House. Archived from 4207: 4028:from the original on 1 January 2021 3132:Council of Ministers of the Kingdom 2503: 2443:Algemene maatregel van Rijksbestuur 2401:Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao 2373:Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands 1985:English, Dutch (official), Spanish 1272:Belgium and Luxembourg independence 462:Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao 13: 5639:Colonies and trading posts of the 5376:Colonies and trading posts of the 5276:from the original on 25 March 2009 4744:from the original on 14 March 2019 4472:Gert Oostindie and Inge Klinkers, 4403:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 4142: 3868:Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek 2576: 2245:as its currency. Unlike the other 1381:was proclaimed in 1954, Suriname, 14: 6061: 5296: 5195:André Rouvoet (12 October 2005). 4687:from the original on 5 April 2017 4532:from the original on 25 July 2019 3282:Timeline of constituent countries 3183:Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba 2676:States General of the Netherlands 2541:, the law of criminal procedure, 2498:States General of the Netherlands 2397:Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba 2101:special municipalities of Bonaire 2025:States General of the Netherlands 1770:444 km (171 sq mi) 1650:288 km (111 sq mi) 1335:With Indonesia's independence, a 1296: 447:Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba 4124:from the original on 3 July 2021 3544: 3529: 3516: 3503: 3490: 3477: 3464: 3439: 3426: 3413: 3393: 3377: 3364: 3335: 3320: 3306: 2789: 2622:The safeguarding of fundamental 2451:Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap 2273: 1813: 1782: 1752: 1740:180 km (69 sq mi) 1722: 1710:13 km (5.0 sq mi) 1692: 1680:21 km (8.1 sq mi) 1662: 1632: 1603: 1571: 1484: 1428:serious disturbances and looting 1065:), commonly known simply as the 691: 690: 194: 170: 88: 74: 5700:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies 5255: 5219: 5188: 5111: 5092: 5058: 5045: 5032: 5019:Het Statuut voor het Koninkrijk 5010: 4997:Het Statuut voor het Koninkrijk 4984: 4965: 4918: 4899: 4842: 4806: 4785: 4669: 4643: 4614: 4584: 4544: 4501: 4483: 4390: 4359: 4333: 4291: 4276: 4250: 4236: 4162: 4136: 4092: 3864:"Niet-gemeentelijke indelingen" 3805: 3788: 3743: 2757:Constitution of the Netherlands 2684:Staten-Generaal der Nederlanden 2377:Queen Máxima of the Netherlands 2284:needs additional citations for 2264: 2229: 1800:34 km (13 sq mi) 1401:seven-month transitional period 5007:, Deventer: Kluwer, pp. 23–24. 4287:. MacMillan. pp. 522–524. 4066: 3624: 3605: 3255:and was formed by the plate's 2958:citizens of the European Union 2780: 2674:for the tacit approval of the 2537:, the law of civil procedure, 2491: 1994: 1982:Netherlands Antillean guilder 1968:Netherlands Antillean guilder 913:(Curaçao / Caribbean) 1: 5068:The High Contracting Parties, 4598:. 19 May 2010. Archived from 4345:Government of the Netherlands 3916: 3708:, and has a formal status on 3692:, and has a formal status on 3558:The Netherlands Antilles was 2362: 2224:Netherlands Antillean guilder 2214:. The Governor of Curaçao is 2089:Netherlands Antillean guilder 1971:Papiamento, Dutch (official) 1915:Papiamento, Dutch (official) 1472:now had a willing partner in 1225:, awarding rule over this to 5269:(in Dutch). pp. 34–35. 5233:(in Dutch). pp. 37–38. 4823:. p. 12. Archived from 4347:(in Dutch). 17 November 2017 3153:Geography of the Netherlands 3138: 2512: 2259:Collectivity of Saint Martin 2218:, and the Prime Minister is 2155:, and the Prime Minister is 1806:1,221/km (3,160/sq mi) 1018:(Caribbean Netherlands) 25:Netherlands (disambiguation) 7: 4738:www.arubaforeignaffairs.com 3584:Netherlands-Indonesia Union 3572: 2929:. Although originally both 2426:does not provide for that. 2151:. The Governor of Aruba is 1489:The Kingdom celebrated its 1460:Nationale Partij Kombinatie 1451:government policy statement 1093:, predominantly located in 709:532/km (1,377.9/sq mi) 279:Official regional languages 10: 6066: 6020:Kingdom of the Netherlands 5843:Kingdom of the Netherlands 5029:, Deventer: Kluwer, p. 24. 4397:Vandenbosch, Amry (1976). 3588:United States of Indonesia 3142: 3090:Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 2967: 2913:Other states, such as the 2463: 2212:Charetti America-Francisca 2170: 2111:, together referred to as 1957:English, Dutch (official) 1929:English, Dutch (official) 1904:No religion, Christianity 1821:Kingdom of the Netherlands 1746:624/km (1,620/sq mi) 1626:521/km (1,350/sq mi) 1595:516/km (1,340/sq mi) 1177:History of the Netherlands 1174: 1170: 1075:monarch of the Netherlands 1038:Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1030:Kingdom of the Netherlands 583:Kingdom of the Netherlands 41:Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 36:Kingdom of the Netherlands 18: 5970: 5954: 5933: 5917: 5901: 5885: 5854: 5850: 5835: 5802: 5787: 5759: 5723: 5652: 5648: 5633: 5571: 5518: 5492: 5466: 5405: 5389: 5385: 5370: 4509:De monarchie in Nederland 4415:10.1017/S0022463400010298 4048:"Wet gebruik Friese taal" 3157:Geography of Sint Maarten 3126: 2915:Commonwealth of Australia 2624:human rights and freedoms 2519:Hoge Raad der Nederlanden 2328:Charter and constitutions 2087:(BES islands), where the 1847:515/km (1,330/sq mi) 1690: 1660: 1630: 1601: 1599: 1562: 1314:Dutch government in exile 1223:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 942: 930: 869: 859: 851: 809: 713: 703: 684: 677: 667: 653: 646: 642: 621: 592: 579: 566: 553: 540: 511: 507: 492: 488: 473: 458: 443: 428: 413: 409: 388: 354: 342: 304: 278: 268: 258: 214: 202: 193: 163: 138: 130: 104: 70: 34: 5941:Curaçao and Dependencies 5675:Curaçao and Dependencies 5653:Colonies in the Americas 5641:Dutch West India Company 5378:Dutch East India Company 5124:19 December 2018 at the 4994:", in: C. Borman (2005) 4892:15 February 2022 at the 4799:15 February 2022 at the 4149:www.curacaochronicle.com 3599: 3120:House of Representatives 2641:, if the affair affects 2599:Netherlands nationality; 2470:Netherlands Armed Forces 2131: 2029:House of Representatives 1776:358/km (930/sq mi) 1716:148/km (380/sq mi) 1686:150/km (390/sq mi) 1393:Curaçao and subordinates 1357:Minister Plenipotentiary 1278:seceded from the Kingdom 1262:Grand Duke of Luxembourg 910: 898: 5724:Trading posts in Africa 5458:Northeast coast of Java 5105:21 October 2021 at the 4677:"Aruba and the Kingdom" 4050:(in Dutch). wetten.nl. 3985:(in Dutch). wetten.nl. 3031:laws of the Netherlands 2478:Nederlandse krijgsmacht 1656:69/km (180/sq mi) 1250:king of the Netherlands 1112:, the Netherlands, and 1062: 625:Charter for the Kingdom 404:constitutional monarchy 269:Official languages 54: 4856:. 2007. Archived from 4791:Wetten.overheid.nl – " 3902: 3896: 3890: 3836:[ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛik] 3826: 3774: 3766: 3754: 3617: 3593:West Indies Federation 3190: 3089: 3083: 3079:International treaties 3018: 2853: 2774: 2743:devolved unitary state 2723: 2683: 2591:defence of the Kingdom 2583:Affairs of the Kingdom 2477: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2380: 2188: 2027:, which consists of a 2004: 1511:special municipalities 1459: 1449:assumed power. In the 1387: 1383:Netherlands New Guinea 1370: 1360:Second Chamber of the 1153:special municipalities 1132: 1122: 1037: 835:Caribbean Netherlands: 144: 109: 40: 23:. For other uses, see 6030:Member states of NATO 5977:constituent countries 5510:West coast of Sumatra 5364:Dutch colonial empire 5040:Constitutioneel recht 5024:12 April 2016 at the 5002:12 April 2016 at the 4978:25 March 2016 at the 3965:25 March 2016 at the 3813:Caribbean Netherlands 3164: 2867:, Greenland, and the 2769: 2717:Constitutional nature 2385:ministers he appoints 2370: 2208:Parliament of Curaçao 2178: 2113:Caribbean Netherlands 2085:Caribbean Netherlands 2002: 1988:Catholic, Protestant 1932:Protestant, Catholic 1918:Catholic, Protestant 1862:Caribbean Netherlands 1544:Kingdom's population 1538:(as of November 2019) 1503:constituent countries 1497:Constituent countries 1118:constituent countries 1081:. The realm is not a 814:European Netherlands: 757:Caribbean Netherlands 669:• Water (%) 568:• Annexation by 357:(non‑sovereign parts) 5989:Netherlands Antilles 4860:on 19 December 2007. 4507:C. A. Tamse (1980). 3832:Dutch pronunciation: 3798:, shared with other 3447:Netherlands Antilles 3401:Republic of Suriname 3385:Netherlands Antilles 3328:Netherlands Antilles 3261:South American Plate 3149:Geography of Curaçao 3027:Dutch municipalities 2976:Netherlands Antilles 2904:overseas territories 2873:Realm of New Zealand 2813:improve this section 2409:Dutch Prime Minister 2395:complemented by one 2383:The Monarch and the 2293:improve this article 2121:Dutch municipalities 1860:Forms a part of the 1854:Forms a part of the 1519:Netherlands Antilles 1405:annexed by Indonesia 1345:Netherlands Antilles 1337:federal constitution 1266:German Confederation 1231:southern territories 1219:Austrian Netherlands 686:• 2023 estimate 594:• Secession of 305:Recognised languages 259:Government seat 5795:Noordsche Compagnie 5793:Settlements of the 5771:Society of Suriname 5617:Vietnam (1637–1643) 5390:Governorate General 5055:, Deventer, p. 315. 5042:, Deventer, p. 107. 4912:11 May 2011 at the 4773:on 17 February 2008 3722:Dutch Sign Language 2851:Despite being of a 2547:industrial property 2486:Ministry of Defense 2216:Lucille George-Wout 2181:World Heritage Site 2149:Parliament of Aruba 1877: 1555:Population density 1528: 1095:Northwestern Europe 1077:, who functions as 570:First French Empire 318:Dutch Sign Language 239: / 164:"William of Nassau" 5765:Society of Berbice 4372:The New York Times 4175:, 30 December 2020 3908:Commonwealth Games 3666:is the capital of 3658:is the capital of 3650:is the capital of 3191: 3145:Geography of Aruba 3103:Alexander Pechtold 2861:Kingdom of Denmark 2596:Foreign relations; 2381: 2189: 2157:Evelyn Wever-Croes 2005: 1876: 1610:Mainland provinces 1524: 1256:in June 1815, the 1254:Battle of Waterloo 1241:("Hundred Days"). 1215:Kingdom of Holland 631:colonial inclusion 557:Kingdom of Holland 493:Independence 6007: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5985:full independence 5925:Dutch East Indies 5831: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5629: 5628: 5625: 5624: 4821:Nationaal Archief 4602:on 10 August 2010 4247:Gravenhage, 1956) 4021:978-90-272-5258-6 3903:Koninkrijksspelen 3570: 3569: 3109:leader, and then 3066:Outermost Regions 3055:electoral college 3019:openbare lichamen 2849: 2848: 2841: 2661:Foreign relations 2482:military services 2480:) are the shared 2325: 2324: 2317: 2243:Antillean Guilder 2237:is a centralised 2226:as its currency. 2153:Alfonso Boekhoudt 1992: 1991: 1869: 1868: 1507:Caribbean islands 1463:) to power, with 1322:Dutch East Indies 1235:Prussian (German) 1229:, although these 1211:Batavian Republic 1026: 1025: 544:Batavian Republic 453:Guillfred Besaril 185: 6057: 5992: 5852: 5851: 5841:Colonies of the 5837: 5836: 5804: 5803: 5789: 5788: 5769:Governed by the 5763:Governed by the 5650: 5649: 5635: 5634: 5387: 5386: 5372: 5371: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5334: 5333: 5290: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5275: 5268: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5232: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5165: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5144:on 12 March 2007 5134: 5128: 5115: 5109: 5096: 5090: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5056: 5049: 5043: 5036: 5030: 5014: 5008: 4988: 4982: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4939:on 25 March 2016 4938: 4932:. Archived from 4931: 4922: 4916: 4903: 4897: 4879: 4862: 4861: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4830:on 16 April 2010 4829: 4818: 4810: 4804: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4730: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4683:. 5 April 2017. 4681:Aruba Government 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4657:on 7 August 2010 4653:. Archived from 4647: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4596:The Daily Herald 4588: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4560: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4518: 4512: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4497:on 2 April 2015. 4487: 4481: 4470: 4464: 4455:Gert Oostindie, 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4337: 4331: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4301:. 24 June 2013. 4295: 4289: 4288: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4254: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4176: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4123: 4104: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3979: 3970: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3930: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3875: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3792: 3786: 3747: 3741: 3682: 3671: 3640: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3620: 3618:Ik zal handhaven 3609: 3550: 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1054: 1048: 1043: 1019: 1016: 1008: 1005: 997: 994: 986: 983: 975: 972: 964: 961: 923: 915: 914: 911: 902: 899: 891: 888: 847:DST not observed 802: 783: 760: 741: 695:17,821,419 ( 694: 693: 638:15 December 1954 634: 617: 608: 536: 529:30 January 1648 527: 423:Willem-Alexander 358: 320: 254: 253: 251: 250: 249: 244: 243:52.367°N 4.883°E 240: 237: 236: 235: 232: 217:and largest city 207: 198: 187: 186: 167: 165: 159: 155: 153: 147: 134: 132: 126: 118: 116: 112: 92: 78: 65: 57: 51: 43: 32: 31: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6010: 6009: 6008: 5995: 5974: 5966: 5950: 5929: 5913: 5897: 5881: 5846: 5823: 5798: 5775: 5755: 5719: 5644: 5621: 5567: 5514: 5488: 5462: 5401: 5381: 5366: 5361: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5266: 5260: 5256: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5220: 5206: 5204: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5166: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5126:Wayback Machine 5116: 5112: 5107:Wayback Machine 5097: 5093: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5065: 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2247:Dutch Caribbean 2232: 2173: 2134: 2126:Social security 2097: 1997: 1923:Sint Eustatius 1859: 1856:Dutch Caribbean 1853: 1814: 1812: 1783: 1781: 1753: 1751: 1723: 1721: 1693: 1691: 1663: 1661: 1633: 1631: 1602: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1552:Kingdom's area 1551: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1525: 1499: 1487: 1410:In 1955, Queen 1299: 1274: 1258:Vienna Congress 1233:remained under 1201:to establish a 1199:London Protocol 1179: 1173: 1071:sovereign state 1050: 1049: 1041: 1022: 1017: 1014: 1006: 1003: 995: 992: 984: 981: 973: 970: 962: 959: 953: 952: 926: 921: 912: 909: 905: 900: 897: 889: 886: 880: 879: 846: 837: 825: 816: 805: 796: 773: 754: 735: 722: 721: 706: 687: 670: 656: 635: 628: 627: 611: 609: 602: 601:4 October 1830 598: 585: 572: 559: 549:19 January 1795 546: 530: 528: 521: 517: 503: 479: 464: 449: 434: 419: 384: 356: 338: 316: 312:Dutch Low Saxon 300: 247: 245: 241: 238: 233: 230: 228: 226: 225: 224: 218: 210: 189: 188: 171: 161: 160: 157: 151: 145: 131:"I will uphold" 128: 127: 120: 114: 113:Je maintiendrai 110: 100: 99: 98: 93: 85: 84: 79: 66: 59: 52: 45: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6063: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5848: 5847: 5833: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5800: 5799: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5767: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5715:Virgin Islands 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5690:New Netherland 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5645: 5631: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5578: 5576: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5522: 5516: 5515: 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94: 87: 86: 80: 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 55:Reino Hulandes 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6062: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5844: 5838: 5834: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5786: 5772: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5741:Loango-Angola 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5559: 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4845: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4809: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734:"Coming Soon" 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4639: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4579: 4566: 4558: 4554: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4462: 4461:De Bezige Bij 4458: 4452: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4286: 4279: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4194: 4190: 4189:"Oppervlakte" 4184: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4095: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4004: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3958:According to 3955: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3927: 3922: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3845: 3837: 3828: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3637: 3627: 3619: 3614: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3542: 3538: 3527: 3525: 3514: 3512: 3501: 3500: 3499: 3488: 3486: 3475: 3473: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3458:2010–present 3457: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3437: 3435: 3424: 3422: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3390: 3386: 3375: 3373: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3344: 3332: 3329: 3317: 3315: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3287: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3226:Mount Scenery 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3133: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3115:André Rouvoet 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3080: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3049:is chosen by 3048: 3044: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011:public bodies 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2908:insular areas 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2869:Faroe Islands 2866: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2843: 2840: 2832: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2798:This section 2796: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735:confederation 2732: 2731:federal state 2727: 2726: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2524: 2523:supreme court 2520: 2510: 2501: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2458:head of state 2454: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2319: 2316: 2308: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2282:This section 2280: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239:unitary state 2236: 2227: 2225: 2222:. It has the 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2196:unitary state 2193: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2161:Aruban florin 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2073:South Holland 2070: 2066: 2065:North Holland 2062: 2061:North Brabant 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:unitary state 2010: 2001: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1979:Sint Maarten 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1568: 1559: 1558: 1550:Percentage of 1542:Percentage of 1530: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1485:Modern events 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1436:Dutch marines 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1394: 1391:, "Colony of 1389: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:head of state 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1053: 1047: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1013: 1010: 1002: 999: 991: 988: 980: 977: 969: 966: 963:(Netherlands) 958: 955: 954: 947: 945: 941: 938: 935: 933: 932:ISO 3166 code 929: 920: 917: 908: 904: 896: 893: 890:(Netherlands) 885: 882: 881: 874: 872: 868: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 819: 815: 812: 808: 800: 795: 792: 788: 787:Aruban florin 785: 781: 777: 772: 769: 765: 762: 758: 753: 750: 746: 743: 739: 734: 731: 727: 724: 723: 716: 712: 708: 702: 698: 689: 683: 680: 676: 672: 666: 662: 658: 652: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 626: 620: 615: 606: 600: 597: 591: 588:16 March 1815 587: 584: 578: 574: 571: 565: 561: 558: 552: 548: 545: 539: 534: 525: 520:26 July 1581 519: 516: 510: 506: 502: 498: 491: 487: 484: 483:Rene Violenus 481: 478: 472: 469: 466: 463: 457: 454: 451: 448: 442: 439: 436: 433: 427: 424: 421: 418: 412: 408: 405: 402: 401:parliamentary 399: 396: 393: 391: 387: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 360: 353: 350: 347: 345: 341: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 319: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 303: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 281: 277: 274: 271: 267: 264: 261: 257: 252: 248:52.367; 4.883 223: 220: 213: 206: 201: 197: 192: 154: 150: 141: 137: 124: 117: 107: 103: 97: 91: 83: 77: 69: 63: 56: 49: 42: 33: 30: 26: 22: 5842: 5493:Commandments 5467:Directorates 5406:Governorates 5285: 5278:. Retrieved 5257: 5249: 5242:. Retrieved 5221: 5212: 5205:. Retrieved 5201:the original 5190: 5178:. Retrieved 5146:. Retrieved 5142:the original 5132: 5113: 5094: 5060: 5052: 5047: 5039: 5034: 5017: 5012: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4967: 4941:. Retrieved 4934:the original 4920: 4901: 4858:the original 4853: 4844: 4832:. Retrieved 4825:the original 4820: 4808: 4787: 4775:. Retrieved 4771:the original 4746:. Retrieved 4737: 4689:. Retrieved 4680: 4671: 4659:. Retrieved 4655:the original 4645: 4637: 4630:. Retrieved 4616: 4604:. Retrieved 4600:the original 4595: 4586: 4556: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4525: 4516: 4508: 4503: 4495:the original 4485: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4456: 4451: 4439:. Retrieved 4406: 4402: 4392: 4380:. Retrieved 4371: 4361: 4349:. Retrieved 4344: 4335: 4327: 4326:Peter Meel, 4307:. Retrieved 4293: 4284: 4278: 4266:. Retrieved 4261: 4252: 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4221: 4197:. Retrieved 4172: 4164: 4152:. Retrieved 4148: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4106: 4094: 4082:. Retrieved 4068: 4056:. Retrieved 4042: 4030:. Retrieved 4010: 4003: 3991:. Retrieved 3954: 3942:. Retrieved 3884: 3867: 3857: 3844: 3820: 3807: 3790: 3745: 3730:Sinte Romani 3690:Sint Maarten 3668:Sint Maarten 3626: 3607: 3552:Sint Maarten 3265: 3230: 3207: 3203:Saint Martin 3195:land borders 3192: 3179:Sint Maarten 3118: 3111:demissionary 3107:ChristenUnie 3100: 3096: 3075: 3059: 3045:. The Dutch 3040: 3021:) under the 2992: 2984:Sint Maarten 2973: 2951: 2924: 2912: 2897: 2881:Cook Islands 2875:consists of 2863:consists of 2850: 2835: 2826: 2811:Please help 2799: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2720: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2664: 2655: 2636: 2633: 2617: 2614:Extradition. 2580: 2572: 2567: 2564:J.E. Thijsen 2560: 2539:criminal law 2528: 2516: 2507: 2495: 2467: 2455: 2428: 2417: 2413: 2382: 2358: 2341:Sint Maarten 2331: 2311: 2302: 2291:Please help 2286:verification 2283: 2265:Institutions 2255:Saint Martin 2235:Sint Maarten 2233: 2230:Sint Maarten 2220:Gilmar Pisas 2190: 2135: 2116: 2098: 2006: 1895:Netherlands 1881:Subdivision 1871: 1870: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1811: 1790:Sint Maarten 1500: 1491:bicentennial 1488: 1479: 1447:Joop den Uyl 1444: 1440:Jopie Pengel 1426:resulted in 1421: 1409: 1403:when it was 1397: 1376: 1334: 1303: 1300: 1275: 1246:Hundred Days 1243: 1203:single state 1191:First Empire 1180: 1150: 1130:; singular: 1114:Sint Maarten 1103: 1066: 1029: 1027: 1015: 1004: 993: 982: 971: 960: 944:Internet TLD 871:Calling code 834: 813: 780:Sint Maarten 720:4 currencies 655:• Total 380:Sint Maarten 329:Sinte Romani 296:West Frisian 139: 106:Motto: 105: 96:Coat of arms 29: 5845:(1815–1975) 5819:Smeerenburg 5807:Settlements 5797:(1614–1642) 5751:Slave Coast 5643:(1621–1792) 5575:settlements 5533:Banjarmasin 5520:Residencies 5423:Cape Colony 5380:(1602–1798) 5148:24 February 5078:Have agreed 4992:sui generis 4557:onderwerpen 4441:25 December 4382:25 December 4309:12 December 4268:28 November 4084:29 December 4058:27 December 3993:27 December 3850:Netherlands 3783:Borman 2010 3779:Borman 2005 3738:Netherlands 3664:Philipsburg 3644:Netherlands 3564:BES islands 3498:Netherlands 3434:Netherlands 3372:Netherlands 3314:Netherlands 3233:West Indies 3214:Vaalserberg 3187:Netherlands 3165:Map of the 2995:BES islands 2954:BES islands 2877:New Zealand 2855:sui generis 2781:Comparisons 2725:sui generis 2671:Netherlands 2651:St. Maarten 2492:Legislature 2117:BES islands 2021:Dick Schoof 2019:(currently 2009:Netherlands 1995:Netherlands 1579:Netherlands 1564:Subdivision 1515:dissolution 1465:Henck Arron 1414:and Prince 1377:Before the 1330:colonialism 1237:rule until 1146:parliaments 1091:Netherlands 1067:Netherlands 919:+1 721 852:Date format 575:1 July 1810 562:5 June 1806 438:Dick Schoof 365:Netherlands 246: / 21:Netherlands 6014:Categories 5962:New Guinea 5955:Until 1962 5934:Until 1954 5918:Until 1949 5909:Gold Coast 5902:Until 1872 5886:Until 1853 5867:Coromandel 5855:Until 1825 5746:Senegambia 5736:Gold Coast 5573:Opperhoofd 5438:Coromandel 5280:21 October 5244:21 October 5207:21 October 5180:21 October 5119:EU website 4777:13 October 4661:11 October 4632:15 October 4574:|url= 4536:3 December 4264:(in Dutch) 4224:(in Dutch) 4199:10 January 4032:26 October 3917:References 3827:Koninkrijk 3726:Limburgish 3656:Willemstad 3648:Oranjestad 3407:1986–2010 3358:1975–1986 3300:1954–1975 3292:Countries 3272:hurricanes 3259:under the 3257:subduction 3249:island arc 3064:status of 3051:provincial 2891:, and the 2829:March 2019 2570:be made". 2403:, and one 2363:Government 2165:Papiamento 2069:Overijssel 2049:Gelderland 1954:US dollar 1926:US dollar 1912:US dollar 1827:17,737,438 1614:17,399,821 1583:17,424,978 1535:Population 1474:Paramaribo 1432:Willemstad 1189:under its 1183:Napoleon I 1085:; it is a 1083:federation 1059:Papiamento 1042:pronounced 855:dd-mm-yyyy 833:+2) (DST) 764:NA guilder 679:Population 614:recognised 533:recognised 390:Government 355:Countries 344:Demonym(s) 324:Limburgish 291:Papiamento 162:(English: 129:(English: 62:Papiamento 5814:Jan Mayen 5685:Essequibo 5597:Mauritius 5563:Pontianak 5553:Palembang 4905:RNW.nl – 4478:1954–1975 4431:163500918 4115:0920-2064 3714:Friesland 3560:dissolved 3139:Geography 3084:Nederland 2947:dissolved 2800:does not 2543:copyright 2513:Judiciary 2053:Groningen 2045:Friesland 2041:Flevoland 1974:Catholic 1960:Catholic 1946:Catholic 1884:Currency 1470:The Hague 1326:Indonesia 1099:Caribbean 996:(Curaçao) 974:(Fryslân) 861:Drives on 810:Time zone 745:US dollar 263:The Hague 222:Amsterdam 149:Wilhelmus 5981:Suriname 5695:Pomeroon 5680:Demerara 5558:Preanger 5543:Cheribon 5453:Moluccas 5271:Archived 5235:Archived 5174:Archived 5122:Archived 5103:Archived 5022:Archived 5000:Archived 4976:Archived 4953:cite web 4943:17 March 4910:Archived 4890:Archived 4834:16 April 4797:Archived 4748:18 March 4742:Archived 4685:Archived 4626:Archived 4565:cite web 4530:Archived 4463:, 2006). 4435:Archived 4423:20070166 4376:Archived 4303:Archived 4228:30 March 4193:Archived 4173:SMN News 4143:Vordev. 4119:Archived 4109:. 2021. 4078:Archived 4052:Archived 4026:Archived 3987:Archived 3963:Archived 3938:Archived 3872:Archived 3573:See also 3343:Suriname 3295:Changes 3245:volcanic 2943:Suriname 2931:Suriname 2902:and its 2741:, and a 2739:federacy 2667:treaties 2435:Rijkswet 2200:Governor 2141:Governor 1965:Curaçao 1909:Bonaire 1532:Country 1416:Bernhard 1353:Suriname 1343:and the 1341:Suriname 1221:and the 714:Currency 605:declared 524:declared 395:Devolved 5983:gained 5975:Became 5946:Surinam 5877:Suratte 5872:Malacca 5705:Surinam 5670:Cayenne 5660:Berbice 5582:Myanmar 5538:Batavia 5505:Malabar 5484:Suratte 5448:Malacca 5443:Formosa 5428:Celebes 5397:Batavia 5073:Anxious 4691:4 April 4606:27 June 4576:value ( 4154:23 July 3944:30 July 3910:), etc. 3734:Yiddish 3710:Bonaire 3706:Curaçao 3686:Curaçao 3660:Curaçao 3511:Bonaire 3485:Curaçao 3353:signed 3268:climate 3218:Limburg 3199:Belgium 3175:Curaçao 2999:Bonaire 2997:(i.e., 2980:Curaçao 2889:Tokelau 2865:Denmark 2821:removed 2806:sources 2647:Curaçao 2521:is the 2464:Defense 2337:Curaçao 2192:Curaçao 2187:in 1997 2171:Curaçao 2081:Zeeland 2077:Utrecht 2057:Limburg 2037:Drenthe 1842:100.00% 1832:100.00% 1764:158,665 1760:Curaçao 1734:112,309 1640:Bonaire 1560: 1424:Curaçao 1412:Juliana 1290:Limburg 1171:History 1157:Bonaire 1142:defence 1110:Curaçao 1069:, is a 985:(Aruba) 901:(Aruba) 878:4 codes 776:Curaçao 623:• 596:Belgium 581:• 555:• 542:• 513:• 475:• 460:• 445:• 430:• 417:Monarch 415:• 398:unitary 375:Curaçao 334:Yiddish 286:English 231:52°22′N 215:Capital 158:(Dutch) 140:Anthem: 5893:Dejima 5862:Bengal 5731:Arguin 5710:Tobago 5665:Brazil 5612:Tonkin 5592:Dejima 5587:Canton 5548:Malang 5528:Bantam 5500:Bantam 5479:Persia 5474:Bengal 5433:Ceylon 5089:(1957) 4572:Check 4476:, II, 4429: 4421: 4351:4 June 4128:1 July 4113: 4018: 3662:; 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