1231:
3637:
6778:. Page 62. Quote: "Er valt heel wat te lachen om de wederwaardigheden van Vlamingen in Nederland en Nederlanders in Vlaanderen. Ze relativeren de verschillen en beklemtonen ze tegelijkertijd. Die verschillen zijn er onmiskenbaar: in taal, klank, kleur, stijl, gedrag, in politiek, maatschappelijke organisatie, maar het zijn stuk voor stuk varianten binnen één taal-en cultuurgemeenschap." The opposite opinion is stated by L. Beheydt (2002): "Al bij al lijkt een grondiger analyse van de taalsituatie en de taalattitude in Nederland en Vlaanderen weinig aanwijzingen te bieden voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit. Dat er ook op andere gebieden weinig aanleiding is voor een gezamenlijke culturele identiteit is al door Geert Hofstede geconstateerd in zijn vermaarde boek
2599:
3782:
621:
3713:
2797:(1887–1966) and Carel Gerretson (1884–1958). The historical pluriformity of the Dutch cultural landscape has given rise to several theories aimed at both identifying and explaining cultural divergences between different regions. One theory, proposed by A.J. Wichers in 1965, sees differences in mentality between the southeastern, or 'higher', and northwestern, or 'lower' regions within the Netherlands, and seeks to explain these by referring to the different degrees to which these areas were feudalised during the Middle Ages. Another, more recent cultural divide is that between the
4206:. About one-fifth returned. The maximum Dutch-born emigrant stock for the 1950s is about 300,000 (some have died since). The maximum emigrant stock (Dutch-born) for the period after 1960 is 1.6 million. Discounting pre-1950 emigrants (who would be about 85 or older), at most around 2 million people born in the Netherlands are now living outside the country. Combined with the 13.2 million ethnically Dutch inhabitants of the Netherlands (both parents born in the Netherlands), there are about 16 million people who are Dutch (of Dutch ancestry), in a minimally accepted sense.
3189:
76:
6748:: "Gradually a consistent attitude emerged, a sort of 'collective identity' which was distinct and able to resist the inroads, intellectual as well as military, of both the Northern Dutch (especially during the crisis of 1632) and the French. This embryonic 'national identity' was an impressive monument to the government of the archdukes, and it survived almost forty years of grueling warfare (1621–59) and the invasions of Louis XIV until, in 1700, the Spanish Habsburgs died out." (Penguin edition 1985, p. 260). See also J. Israel,
2944:. A study in 1984 found that 39% of the inhabitants of Friesland considered themselves "primarily Frisian," although without precluding also being Dutch. A further 36 per cent claimed they were Dutch, but also Frisian, the remaining 25% saw themselves as only Dutch. A 2013 study showed that 45% of the population of Friesland saw themselves as "primarily Frisian", again without precluding the possibility of also identifying as Dutch. Frisians are not disambiguated from the Dutch people in Dutch official
4077:
1137:
2729:
945:
3054:
stereotypes in the
Netherlands as well as Flanders, which are mostly based on the "cultural extremes" of both Northern and Southern culture, including in religious identity. Though these stereotypes tend to ignore the transitional area formed by the Southern provinces of the Netherlands and most Northern reaches of Belgium, resulting in overgeneralisations. This self-perceived split between Flemings and Dutch, despite the common language, may be compared to how
3545:
3109:
8188:
3464:
1673:
1326:
2961:
2836:
5549:; "During the 6th century, Salian Franks had settled in the region between the Loire River in present-day France and the Coal Forest in the south of present-day Belgium. From the late 6th century, Ripuarian Franks pushed from the Rhineland westward to the Schelde. Their immigration strengthened the Germanic faction in that region, which had been almost completely evacuated by the Gallo-Romans."
3899:
3656:. In many cases, the Dutch were the first Europeans whom the people living there encountered. Between 1602 and 1796, the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in its territories in Asia. The majority died of disease or made their way back to Europe, but some of them made the Indies their new home. Interaction between the Dutch and the indigenous populations mainly took place in
1191:) aimed for more autonomy for the counties and duchies, but nevertheless all the fiefs presented their demands together, rather than separately. This is evidence that by this time a sense of common interest was emerging among the provinces of the Netherlands. The document itself clearly distinguishes between the Dutch speaking and French speaking provinces.
5568:; "The northern Franks retained their Germanic language (which became modern Dutch), whereas the Franks moving south rapidly adopted the language of the culturally dominant Romanized Gauls, the language that would become French. The language frontier between northern Flemings and southern Walloons has remained virtually unchanged ever since."
5355:"Clovis' conversion to Christianity, regardless of his motives, is a turning point in Dutch history as the elite now changed their beliefs. Their choice would way down its way on the common folk, of whom many (especially in the Frankish heartland of Brabant and Flanders) were less enthusiastic than the ruling class." Taken from
1055:
their economic strength to influence the politics of their nobility. During the early 14th century, beginning in and inspired by the County of
Flanders, the cities in the Low Countries gained huge autonomy and generally dominated or greatly influenced the various political affairs of the fief, including marriage succession.
3609:
granted Dutch official status upon its inception, but in 1925 Parliament openly recognised
Afrikaans as a separate language. It differs from Standard Dutch by several pronunciations borrowed from Malay, German, or English, the loss of case and gender distinctions, and in the extreme simplification of
2951:
In the
Netherlands itself "West-Frisian" refers to the Hollandic dialect, with a Frisian substrate, spoken in the northern part of the province of North-Holland known as West-Friesland, as well as "West-Frisians" referring to its speakers, not to the language or inhabitants of the Frisian part of the
1242:
By the middle of the 16th century an overarching, 'national' (rather than 'ethnic') identity seemed in development in the
Habsburg Netherlands, when inhabitants began to refer to it as their 'fatherland' and were beginning to be seen as a collective entity abroad; however, the persistence of language
808:
of the Dutch (and their predecessors) has been a lengthy and complex process. Though the majority of the defining characteristics (such as language, religion, architecture or cuisine) of the Dutch ethnic group have accumulated over the ages, it is difficult (if not impossible) to clearly pinpoint the
3140:
showing a mixture of these two ancestral backgrounds. The
European North-South cline correlates highly with this Dutch North-South cline and shows several other similarities, such as a correlation with height (with the North being taller on average), blue/brown eye colour (with the North having more
1832:
Dutch immigrants also exported the Dutch language. Dutch was spoken by some settlers in the United States as a native language from the arrival of the first permanent Dutch settlers in 1615, surviving in isolated ethnic pockets until about 1900, when it ceased to be spoken except by first generation
1500:
The total number of Dutch can be defined in roughly two ways. By taking the total of all people with full Dutch ancestry, according to the current CBS definition (both parents born in the
Netherlands), resulting in an estimated 16,000,000 Dutch people, or by the sum of all people worldwide with both
5657:
All the towns formed a new, non-feudal element in the existing social structure, and from the beginning merchants played an important role. The merchants often formed guilds, organizations that grew out of merchant groups and banded together for mutual protection while traveling during this violent
2822:
roughly form a natural boundary between the
Northern Dutch (those Dutch living North of these rivers), and the Southern Dutch (those living South of them). The division is partially caused by (traditional) religious differences, with the North used to be predominantly Protestant and the South still
3540:
fleeing religious persecution at home, who interspersed among the original freemen. Between 1685 and 1707 the company also extended free passage to any Dutch families wishing to resettle at the Cape. At the beginning of the eighteenth century there were roughly 600 people of Dutch birth or descent
3149:
that was initiated with the ancient successive out-of-Africa migrations. This does not necessarily mean that these events (north-ward migration and evolutionary selection pressures) took place within the borders of the
Netherlands; it could also be that Southern Europeans have migrated more to the
2792:
One cultural division within Dutch culture is that between the formerly
Protestant North and the nowadays Catholic South, which encompasses various cultural differences between the Northern Dutch on one side and the Southern Dutch on the other. This subject has historically received attention from
6875:
Abdellaoui, Abdel; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; de Knijff, Peter; Nivard, Michel; Xiangjun, Xiao; Scheet, Paul; Brooks, Andrew; Ehli, Erik; Hu, Yueshan; Davies, Gareth; Hudziak, James; Sullivan, Patrick; van Beijsterveldt, Toos; Willemsen, Gonneke; de Geus, Eco; Penninx, Brenda; Boomsma, Dorret (27 March
4064:
ancestry, are partially of Dutch descent. Many Dutch settlers left Suriname after independence in 1975, which diminished the white Dutch population in the country. Currently there are around 1000 boeroes left in Suriname, and 3000 outside Suriname. Inside Suriname, they work in several sectors of
1054:
The medieval cities of the Low Countries, especially those of Flanders, Brabant and Holland, which experienced major growth during the 11th and 12th centuries, were instrumental in breaking down the already relatively loose local form of feudalism. As they became increasingly powerful, they used
3613:
During the 1950s, Dutch immigration to South Africa began to increase exponentially for the first time in over a hundred years. The country registered a net gain of around 45,000 Dutch immigrants between 1950 and 2001, making it the sixth most popular destination for citizens of the Netherlands
3124:
within the Netherlands show strong correlations with geography and distinguish between: (1) North and South; (2) East and West; and (3) the middle-band and the rest of the country. The distribution of gene variants for eye colour, metabolism, brain processes, body height and immune system show
3762:
The effects of Dutch migration to Australia can still be felt. There are many Dutch associations and a Dutch-language newspaper continues to be published. The Dutch have remained a tightly knit community, especially in the large cities. In total, about 310,000 people of Dutch ancestry live in
2826:
On a smaller scale cultural pluriformity can also be found; be it in local architecture or (perceived) character. This wide array of regional identities positioned within such a relatively small area, has often been attributed to the fact that many of the current Dutch provinces were de facto
6076:
Van Buren grew up speaking Dutch, a relic of the time before the Revolution when the inland waterways of North America were a polyglot blend of non-Anglophone communities. His family has resisted intermarriage with Yankees for five generations, and Van Buren trumpeted the fact proudly in his
4024:
In Argentina, Dutch immigration has been one of many migration flows from Europe in the country, although it has not been as numerous as in other cases (they failed to account for 1% of total migration received). However, Argentina received a large contingent of Dutch since 1825. The largest
1058:
While the cities were of great political importance, they also formed catalysts for medieval Dutch culture. Trade flourished, population numbers increased dramatically, and (advanced) education was no longer limited to the clergy. Flanders, Brabant and Holland began to develop a common Dutch
3385:
Historically Dutch also lived directly on the eastern side of the German border, most have since been assimilated (apart from ~40,000 recent border migrants), especially since the establishment of Germany itself in 1872. Cultural marks can still be found though. In some villages and towns a
3053:
However, the popular perception of being a single group varies greatly, depending on subject matter, locality, and personal background. Generally, the Flemish will seldom identify themselves as being Dutch and vice versa, especially on a national level. This is partly caused by the popular
1676:
1259:, which roughly corresponded to the Dutch-speaking part of the Spanish Netherlands, was unreachable. The Northern provinces were free, but during the 1580s the South was recaptured by Spain, and, despite various attempts, the armies of the Republic were unable to expel them. In 1648, the
1675:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1681:
894:
6925:
Abdellaoui, Abdel; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Xiangjun, Xiao; Scheet, Paul; Ehli, Erik; Davies, Gareth; Hudziak, James; Smit, Dirk; Bartels, Meike; Willemsen, Gonneke; Brooks, Andrew; Sullivan, Patrick; Smit, Johannes; de Geus, Eco; Penninx, Brenda; Boomsma, Dorret (25 August 2013).
3529:, who adopted the Dutch language and culture. As the number of Europeans—particularly women—in the Cape swelled, South African whites closed ranks as a community to protect their privileged status, eventually marginalising Coloureds as a separate and inferior racial group.
1108:
of Burgundy to the heiress of the Count of Flanders. This was followed by a series of marriages, wars, and inheritances among the other Dutch fiefs and around 1450 the most important fiefs were under Burgundian rule, while complete control was achieved after the end of the
1844:
was Dutch. Most of the Dutch immigrants of the 20th century quickly began to speak the language of their new country. For example, of the inhabitants of New Zealand, 0.7% say their home language is Dutch, despite the percentage of Dutch heritage being considerably higher.
1683:
1682:
3750:
that a sharp increase in Dutch emigration to Australia occurred. Poor economic prospects for many Dutchmen as well as increasing demographic pressures, in the post-war Netherlands were a powerful incentive to emigrate. Due to Australia experiencing a shortage of
3089:
had a reticent and contentious relationship with the newly formed Belgium and a largely indifferent attitude towards its Dutch-speaking inhabitants) and, hence, focused on pitting "Flemish" culture against French culture, resulting in the forming of the Flemish
1031:
remaining with more eastern Germanic populations, a distinct identity in relation to these only gradually developed, largely based on socio-economic and political factors. Large parts of the present Netherlands have populations using Saxon and Frisian dialects.
3231:
have mainly departed the Netherlands for Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Belgium, Australia, and South Africa, in that order. Today, large Dutch communities also exist in the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Turkey, and New Zealand.
1113:
in 1543, thereby unifying the fiefs of the Low Countries under one ruler. This process marked a new episode in the development of the Dutch ethnic group, as now political unity started to emerge, consolidating the strengthened cultural and linguistic unity.
1678:
2768:. Furthermore, there are 5% Muslims and 6% others (among others Buddhists). People of Dutch ancestry in the United States and South Africa are generally more religious than their European counterparts; for example, the numerous Dutch communities of
1198:, the Netherlands were now part of the Habsburg lands. Further centralised policies of the Habsburgs (like their Burgundian predecessors) again met with resistance, but, peaking with the formation of the collateral councils of 1531 and the
5108:
5220:
5607:)—a community that was legally a corporate body, could enter into alliances and ratify them with its own seal, could sometimes even make commercial or military contracts with other towns, and could negotiate directly with the prince.
4508:
2823:
having a majority of Catholics. Linguistic (dialectal) differences (positioned along the Rhine/Meuse rivers) and to a lesser extent, historical economic development of both regions are also important elements in any dissimilarity.
3693:
Though many Ghanaians of European origin are mostly of British origin, there are a small number of Dutch people in Ghana. The forts in Ghana have a small number of a Dutch population. The most of the Dutch population is held in
2023:
to the Germanic people they had most contact with, both because of their geographical proximity, but also because of the rivalry in trade and overseas territories: the people from the Republic of the Netherlands, the Dutch.
3605:, and various African languages. Dutch was taught to South African students as late as 1914 and a few upper-class Afrikaners used it in polite society, but the first Afrikaans literature had already appeared in 1861. The
2851:. Though today many do not adhere to Protestantism anymore, or are only nominally part of a congregation, Protestant-(influenced) values and customs are present. Generally, it can be said that the Northern Dutch are more
3672:
means that currently the majority of this group lives in the Netherlands. Statistics show that Indos are the largest minority group in the Netherlands and number close to half a million (excluding the third generation).
1255:. For the first time in their history, the Dutch established their independence from foreign rule. However, during the war it became apparent that the goal of liberating all the provinces and cities that had signed the
7948:
FIGUEIREDO, Raquel de Freitas. Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil. 2012. 66 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
2984:, had started to develop a political and cultural identity of its own. The Southern Dutch, including Dutch Brabant and Limburg, remained Catholic or returned to Catholicism. The Dutch dialects spoken by this group are
3664:. Most of the time, Dutch soldiers married local women and settled in the colonies. Through the centuries, there developed a relatively large Dutch-speaking population of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, known as
2362:; the name is based on the personal name of the father of the bearer. Historically this has been by far the most dominant form. These type of names fluctuated in form as the surname was not constant. If a man called
1287:) the Dutch have been separated from the "Flemings" to this day. The border between the Netherlands and Belgium is purely contingent, simply reflecting the 1648 cease-fire line. There is a perfect dialect continuum.
6850:
3169:
individuals in the Netherlands. Their spouses are more likely to come from a different genetic background than those of religious individuals, causing non-religious individuals to show lower levels of genome-wide
2855:, favor a direct approach, and display a less-exuberant lifestyle when compared to Southerners. On a global scale, the Northern Dutch have formed the dominant vanguard of the Dutch language and culture since the
1812:
is sometimes also viewed as a dialect of Dutch as it falls in the area of the Dutch standard language. Of these dialects, Hollandic and Dutch Low Saxon are solely spoken by Northerners. Brabantic, East Flemish,
2759:
Contemporary Dutch, according to a 2017 study conducted by Statistics Netherlands, are mostly irreligious with 51% of the population professing no religion. The largest Christian denomination with 24% are the
1182:
met many of these demands, which included that Dutch, not French, should be the administrative language in the Dutch-speaking provinces under Burgundian rule (i.e. Flanders, Brabant and Holland) and that the
2378:). Following civil registry, the form at time of registry became permanent. Hence today many Dutch people are named after ancestors living in the early 19th century when civil registry was introduced to the
622:
3574:, creating their own distinct sub-culture centered around a semi-nomadic lifestyle and isolated patriarchal communities. By the eighteenth century there had emerged a new people in Africa who identified as
5680:
The achievements of the Flemish partisans inspired their colleagues in Brabant and Liège to revolt and raise similar demands; Flemish military incursions provoked the same reaction in Dordrecht and Utrecht
4631:
2929:. Culturally, modern Frisians and the (Northern) Dutch are rather similar; the main and generally most important difference being that Frisians speak West Frisian, one of the three sub-branches of the
5290:
4686:
3868:
of the Canadian soldiers who liberated the Netherlands. There were officially 1,886 Dutch war brides emigrating to Canada, ranking second after British war brides. During the war Canada had sheltered
1399:
of the 19th and 20th centuries never really caught on in the Netherlands. The (re)definition of Dutch cultural identity has become a subject of public debate following the increasing influence of the
2080:
1214:. The Dutch provinces, though fighting alone now, for the first time in their history found themselves fighting a common enemy. This, together with the growing number of Dutch intelligentsia and the
5217:
1892:
is spoken, a daughter language of Dutch, which itself was an official language of South Africa until 1983. The Dutch, Flemish and Surinamese governments coordinate their language activities in the
7525:
4294:
The Caribbean Netherlands are treated as a municipality of the Netherlands and the inhabitants are considered in law and practice to be "Dutch", even if they might not identify as such personally.
1677:
1230:
524:
Including 16 million self-identified ethnically Dutch inhabitants of the Netherlands, 2 million (at most) living abroad, and another 14–15 million who declare Dutch ancestry worldwide, including
7212:
4452:
1093:(in charge of dikes, canals, etc.) in the Dutch delta and coastal regions resulted in an exceptionally high degree of communal organisation. It is also around this time, that ethnonyms such as
1420:. These legal concepts refer to place of birth and citizenship rather than cultural background and do not coincide with the more fluid concepts of ethnicity used by cultural anthropologists.
5165:
2827:
independent states for much of their history, as well as the importance of local Dutch dialects (which often largely correspond with the provinces themselves) to the people who speak them.
1123:
7853:
4500:
1163:
However, the centralist policies of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, at first violently opposed by the cities of the Low Countries, had a profound impact and changed this. During
3532:
Since VOC employees proved inept farmers, tracts of land were granted to married Dutch citizens who undertook to spend at least twenty years in South Africa. Upon the revocation of the
2879:
dialects natively, or are influenced by them when they speak the Standard form of Dutch. Economically and culturally, the traditional centre of the region have been the provinces of
1757:) is considered a well known sound, perceived as typical for the language. Other relatively well known features of the Dutch language and usage are the frequent use of digraphs like
5004:
3597:) and religion remain undeniably linked to that of the Netherlands, Afrikaner culture has been strongly shaped by three centuries in South Africa. Afrikaans, which developed from
5925:
1247:
together with attempts at diminishing the traditional autonomy of the cities and estates in the Low Countries, followed by the religious oppression after being transferred to
2899:, its ethnically Dutch population is estimated to be just under 10,000,000. Northern Dutch culture has been less under French influence than the Southern Dutch culture area.
6581:; it states the dividing line between both areas lies where "the great rivers divide the Brabantic from the Hollandic dialects and where Protestantism traditionally begins".
5482:
1015:), whereas the Franks in the Low Countries retained their language, which would evolve into Dutch. The current Dutch-French language border has (with the exception of the
1440:
tendencies. During the first half of the 20th century, there was a prolific surge in writings concerning the subject. One of its most active proponents was the historian
8124:
5821:
4530:
8220:
2891:, although for a brief period during the 13th or 14th century it lay more towards the east, when various eastern towns and cities aligned themselves with the emerging
5732:
5255:
The actual independence was accepted by in the 1648 treaty of Munster, in practice the Dutch Republic had been independent since the last decade of the 16th century.
4405:"Afrikaners constitute nearly three million out of approximately 53 million inhabitants of the Republic of South Africa, plus as many as half a million in diaspora."
1187:
had the right to hold meetings without the monarch's permission or presence. The overall tenor of the document (which was declared void by Mary's son and successor,
999:, was not dominated by Franks. Though the Frankish leaders controlled most of Western Europe, the Franks themselves were confined to the Northwestern part (i.e. the
4815:
3636:
702:, forming a part of their respective peripheries and the various territories of which they consisted had become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the
3066:. In both cases, the Catholic Austrians and Flemish do not see themselves as sharing the fundamentally Protestant-based identities of their northern counterparts.
7617:
6641:
Wy wolle ús taal, dy't foar ús identiteit beskiedend is, befoarderje en útbouwe. (We want to promote and develop our language, which is defining for our identity)
6515:
6440:
5069:
4623:
4601:
5635:(sometimes called communes)—fighting groups bound together by an oath—as happened during a Flemish crisis in 1127–28 in Ghent and Brugge and in Utrecht in 1159.
7887:
7733:
5629:
The development of a town's autonomy sometimes advanced somewhat spasmodically because of violent conflicts with the prince. The citizens then united, forming
7767:
5286:
4743:
761:. However, in contemporary times, the majority no longer adhere to a particular Christian denomination. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of
5468:
It derives from Low Franconian, the speech of the Western Franks, which was restructured through contact with speakers of North Sea Germanic along the coast.
4678:
5334:
4478:
4383:
2679:, who eventually succeeded in converting most of the inhabitants by the 8th century. Since then, Christianity has been the dominant religion in the region.
7543:
1701:
spoken by around 29 million people. Old Frankish, a precursor of the Dutch standard language, was first attested around 500, in a Frankish legal text, the
1243:
barriers, traditional strife between towns, and provincial particularism continued to form an impediment to more thorough unification. Following excessive
5852:
3796:
The Dutch had settled in North America long before the establishment of the United States of America. For a long time the Dutch lived in Dutch colonies (
2270:) are adapted, not only in pronunciation but also in spelling. For example, by merging and capitalising the affixes and main parts of the surnames (e.g.
1041:
718:
characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a relatively early date. During the Republic the first series of large-scale Dutch migrations outside of
706:, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from
5979:
980:
from around 500 to 700. On a political level, the Frankish warlords abandoned tribalism and founded a number of kingdoms, eventually culminating in the
7823:
6723:
6027:
5671:
5648:
5620:
5580:
5542:
5523:
5403:
4351:
1492:
The 1970s marked the beginning of formal cultural and linguistic cooperation between Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands on an international scale.
871:, the emergence of a new political system, centered on kings, and a continuing process of emerging mutual unintelligibility of their various dialects.
7632:
The U.S. declared its independence in 1776. The first Dutch settlement was built in 1614: Fort Nassau, where presently Albany, New York is positioned.
7216:
4444:
2976:, the Southern regions were more powerful, as well as more culturally and economically developed. At the end of the Dutch Revolt, it became clear the
2711:, sent troops to crush the rebellion and make the Low Countries a Catholic region once more. The Protestants in the southern Low Countries fled North
7642:
5036:
5196:
1481:('New Order') of creating a single pan-Germanic racial state. During the entire Nazi occupation, the Germans denied any assistance to Greater Dutch
8815:
6423:(whether written separately or joined, capitalized or not) stamp the bearer as Dutch and merely mean 'at', 'at the', 'of', 'from' and 'from the'" (
6325:
5158:
4789:
3521:. Some of the earliest mulatto communities in the country were subsequently formed through unions between colonists, enslaved people, and various
8969:
7861:
6100:
1167:'s many wars, which were a major economic burden for the Burgundian Netherlands, tensions slowly increased. In 1477, the year of Charles' sudden
929:, were already living in the Low Countries prior to the forming of the Frankish confederation), began to incur the northwestern provinces of the
7477:
5412:
The Franks, who had settled in Toxandria, in Brabant, were given the job of defending the border areas, which they did until the mid-5th century
3034:, it is argued that the Dutch-speaking populations of the Netherlands and Belgium have a number of common characteristics, with a mostly shared
8944:
8213:
7801:
7159:
7105:
4911:
3323:
delta region, seeking religious freedom and exemption from military service. The territories which they settled were located in the regions of
1458:
8899:
8703:
5459:
3492:
7026:
2396:; the name is based on the location on which the bearer lives or lived. In Dutch this form of surname nearly always includes one or several
1821:
and Limburgish are cross border dialects in this respect. Lastly, the dialectal situation is characterised by the major distinction between
9124:
8613:
7909:
5772:
Source, the aforementioned 3rd chapter (p3), together with the initial paragraphs of chapter 4, on the establishment of the Dutch Republic.
3759:
workers it, and to a lesser extent New Zealand, seemed an attractive possibility, with the Dutch government actively promoting emigration.
2200:, "from/of the"). These affixes are not merged, nor capitalised by default. The second affix in a Dutch surname is never capitalised (e.g.
7708:
3517:, in 1652. Dutch colonisers began arriving shortly thereafter, making the Cape home to the oldest Western-based civilisation south of the
1023:
and the surrounding municipalities in Belgium) remained virtually identical ever since, and could be seen as marking the furthest pale of
4996:
6294:
8847:
6665:
Mahmood, Cynthia; Armstrong, Sharon L K (January 1992). "Do Ethnic Groups Exist?: A Cognitive Perspective on the Concept of Cultures".
4775:
2777:
2211:). The first affix in a Dutch surname is only capitalised if it is not preceded by a first name, initial or other surname. For example
2019:
to refer to any or all of the Germanic speakers on the European mainland (e.g. the Dutch, the Frisians and the Germans). Gradually its
5561:
2064:" (same meaning in both English and Dutch), a reference to the geographical texture of the Dutch homeland; the western portion of the
1375:
region only comprises two of the twelve provinces, and 40% of the Dutch citizens. The same holds for the country being referred to as
9457:
9306:
9296:
8914:
8206:
7499:
5791:
1736:
resulted in what would become (High) German. Dutch underwent none of these sound changes and thus occupies a central position in the
1104:
In the second half of the 14th century, the dukes of Burgundy gained a foothold in the Low Countries through the marriage in 1369 of
7669:
7557:
6355:
5918:
5384:
3602:
2980:
were unable to reconquer the North, while the North's military was too weak to conquer the South, which, under the influence of the
8423:
864:
6782:(1991)." L. Beheydt, "Delen Vlaanderen en Nederland een culturele identiteit?", in P. Gillaerts, H. van Belle, L. Ravier (eds.),
6193:
5479:
5092:
4244:
spoken in northeastern Netherlands, is used by people who ethnically identify as "Dutch" despite perceived linguistic differences.
3822:(32nd, elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms),
3085:
during the late 19th and early 20th centuries that saw little help from the Dutch government (which for a long time following the
9336:
8842:
7967:
7734:"Imigração Holandesa no Brasil. Glossário. História, Sociedade e Educação no Brasil – HISTEDBR – Faculdade de Educação – UNICAMP"
6264:
5949:
4848:
6992:
5314:
909:, such as the Frisians, Germans, English and the Nordic (Scandinavian) peoples. In the Low Countries, this phase began when the
8909:
8445:
6135:
5530:; "The administrative organization of the Low Countries ... was basically the same as that of the rest of the Frankish empire."
5505:
4974:
2968:
The Southern Dutch sphere generally consists of the areas in which the population was traditionally Catholic. During the early
1709:, and has a written record of more than 1500 years, although the material before around 1200 is fragmentary and discontinuous.
8121:
9195:
8172:
7427:
7380:
7347:
7184:
6979:
6844:
6817:
6628:
6233:
5813:
5726:
5434:
5102:
4537:
4431:
3244:(mainly taking place between the 10th and 13th century), a number of Dutchmen moved as well. They settled mainly east of the
2436:(Dutch language does not distinguish between "of" and "from" both indicated by "van"), Dutch surnames can sometimes refer to
7190:
5142:
3593:, which are partly defined by different traditions of society, law, and historical economic bases. Although their language (
1309:) comprised the overseas territories and trading posts controlled and administered by Dutch chartered companies (mainly the
905:
The general situation described above is applicable to most if not all modern European ethnic groups with origins among the
9060:
8964:
8872:
8852:
8575:
8397:
7443:
5716:
4721:
2761:
548:
7119:
6577:
This image is based on the rough definition given by in the 2005 " number 3" edition of the magazine "Neerlandia" by the
6385:
9228:
4819:
3807:
Nevertheless, many Dutch American communities remained virtually isolated towards the rest of North America up until the
2075:
1210:
sought even further centralist reforms, which, accompanied by religious dictates and excessive taxation, resulted in the
863:, a series of monumental changes took place within these Germanic societies. Among the most important of these are their
6834:
6526:
6475:
9356:
9087:
8949:
8939:
8929:
8830:
8318:
7613:
6437:
5061:
3814:
Most future waves of Dutch immigrants were quickly assimilated. There have been five U.S. presidents of Dutch descent:
8192:
7120:"Article on Dutch settlers in Poland published by the Polish Genealogical Society of America and written by Z. Pentek"
4873:
4593:
3256:. After the capture of territory along the Elbe and Havel Rivers in the 1160s, Dutch settlers from flooded regions in
2598:
2422:. Many emigrants removed the spacing and capitalised these words, leading to derived names for well-known people like
9238:
9233:
9129:
9119:
9104:
9010:
8959:
8954:
8820:
8450:
8308:
8285:
8149:
8110:
8096:
8075:
8061:
7679:
7599:
7250:
6775:
6503:
1276:
1184:
7883:
7741:
6428:
3132:
The largest genetic differences within the Netherlands are observed between the North and the South (with the three
3016:. Southern Dutch culture has been influenced more by French culture, as opposed to the Northern Dutch culture area.
9398:
9114:
8934:
8919:
8894:
8765:
8606:
8359:
8270:
7771:
4750:
3873:
3598:
2765:
1195:
8559:
8043:
8032:
9381:
9351:
9264:
9205:
9134:
9065:
9055:
9025:
9015:
8229:
4570:
4373:
3781:
2856:
1877:
1725:
601:
as their native language, which is a mutually intelligible sister language of Dutch that developed in the Colony.
4474:
4036:
In Suriname the Dutch migrant settlers in search of a better life started arriving in the 19th century with the
3849:. The largest wave was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when large numbers of Dutch helped settle the
9346:
9077:
9070:
9030:
8312:
6578:
4816:"Table 5 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2009"
4627:
4160:
3669:
3113:
2607:
2116:
Dutch surnames (and surnames of Dutch origin) are generally easily recognisable. Many Dutch surnames feature a
1838:
1317:) and subsequently by the Dutch Republic (1581–1795), and by the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands after 1815.
5844:
4933:
3712:
9311:
9050:
9045:
9020:
8580:
8538:
8354:
7935:
6169:
Nederlant, znw. o. I) Laag of aan zee gelegen land. 2) het land aan den Nederrijn; Nedersaksen, -duitschland.
6035:
5976:
5668:
5645:
5617:
5577:
5539:
5520:
5400:
5380:
Britannica: "They were divided into three groups: the Salians, the Ripuarians, and the Chatti, or Hessians."(
2641:
7831:
6715:
4343:
3374:, also had a number of Dutch immigrants, mostly working as craftsmen. Arguably the most famous of which was
2335:. Though written differently, pronunciation remains identical. Dialectal variety also commonly occurs, with
1968:) people". As the tribes among the Germanic peoples began to differentiate its meaning began to change. The
1732:
resulted in certain early Germanic languages evolving into what are now English and West Frisian, while the
9316:
9215:
9109:
9092:
9040:
9035:
8882:
8835:
8482:
8435:
8430:
8375:
8275:
8258:
8253:
4624:"Estimated overseas-born population resident in the United Kingdom by sex, by country of birth (Table 1.4)"
4041:
3953:
from 1630 to 1661. There are a considerable number of people who are descendants of the Dutch colonists in
3661:
1235:
1131:
412:
7646:
5027:
4410:
3864:
and World War II. After the war a large number of Dutch immigrants moved to Canada, including a number of
3351:
authorities took over and its government eliminated exemption from military service on religious grounds.
9361:
9301:
9274:
9190:
9099:
9000:
8988:
8867:
8825:
8810:
8698:
8599:
8497:
8440:
8243:
4378:
4222:
Estimate based on the population of the Netherlands, without the southern provinces and non-ethnic Dutch.
4110:
2658:
2617:
1902:'), an institution also responsible for governing the Dutch Standard language, for example in matters of
1733:
774:
568:
7854:"Holandeses no Brasil – Radio Nederland, a emissora internacional e independente da Holanda – Português"
6798:
Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: Accounting for the past, 1650–2000; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.
6317:
5200:
4793:
1436:-movements seeking to unite the Dutch-speaking peoples across the continent, while trying to counteract
843:. Following the end of the migration period in the West around 500, with large federations (such as the
9417:
9371:
9252:
9223:
9200:
9153:
8641:
8633:
8554:
8380:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8323:
8280:
8265:
6097:
4182:
In the 1950s (the peak of traditional emigration) about 350,000 people left the Netherlands, mainly to
3869:
3797:
2773:
1853:
1219:
1199:
937:, one of the three main subdivisions among the Frankish alliance, settled the area's Southern lands as
901:
to Christianity would have great significance in helping shape the identity of the future Dutch people.
786:
2925:, are an ethnic group present in the north of the Netherlands, mainly concentrated in the province of
593:) trace their ancestry to the Netherlands, being descendants of Dutch colonisers, who established the
9279:
9175:
9139:
8654:
8528:
8418:
8390:
7469:
4135:
3958:
3790:
3103:
2717:. Most of the Dutch Protestants were now concentrated in the free Dutch provinces north of the river
2652:
2495:
1748:
1729:
1428:
As did many European ethnicities during the 19th century, the Dutch also saw the emerging of various
1089:
953:
7793:
7643:"How the Dutch became Americans, American Civil War. (includes reference on fighting for the North)"
4903:
3860:
While interrupted by World War I, this migration returned in the 1920s, but again halted during the
9366:
9331:
9326:
8462:
8457:
8413:
8248:
6928:"Association Between Autozygosity and Major Depression: Stratification Due to Religious Assortment"
6006:
5456:
4426:
Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of
4130:
3934:
3510:
2676:
2672:
2502:, on the appearance or character of the bearer (at least at the time of registration). For example
2371:
1822:
1784:
The Dutch language has many dialects. These dialects are usually grouped into six main categories;
1766:
1753:
1314:
1310:
7886:[Cities preserve traditions of colonists] (in Portuguese). Bem Paraná. 20 September 2007.
7048:
Thompson, James Westfall (7 October 2017). "Dutch and Flemish Colonization in Mediaeval Germany".
5267:
Demografische ontwikkelingen in West-Europa van de vijftiende tot het einde van de achttiende eeuw
3541:
residing in South Africa, and around the end of Dutch rule in 1806 the number had reached 13,360.
2801:, the urban agglomeration in the West of the country, and the other provinces of the Netherlands.
972:, which was first attested in the 6th century, whereas religiously the Franks (beginning with the
9386:
8667:
7018:
5578:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online (use fee site); entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
4304:
3946:
3930:
3468:
3121:
3004:. In the Netherlands, an oft-used adage used for indicating this cultural boundary is the phrase
1737:
1698:
1643:
1633:
1160:) economic similarities, there was still little sense of political unity among the Dutch people.
8198:
7503:
3094:
within Belgium, a consciousness of which can be very marked among some Dutch-speaking Belgians.
2725:
in 1648, Protestantism did not spread South, resulting in a difference in religious situations.
2721:, while the Catholic Dutch were situated in the Spanish-occupied or -dominated South. After the
1833:
Dutch immigrants. The Dutch language nevertheless had a significant impact on the region around
1410:
In sociological studies and governmental reports, ethnicity is often referred to with the terms
1144:, signed on 26 July 1581, was the formal declaration of independence of the Dutch Low Countries.
991:
However, the population make-up of the Frankish Empire, or even early Frankish kingdoms such as
831:
In the first centuries CE, the Germanic tribes formed tribal societies with no apparent form of
9082:
8755:
8007:
Suriname, Land of Seven Peoples: Social Mobility in a Plural Society, an Ethno-historical Study
7700:
7685:
7372:
6371:
4347:
3846:
3657:
2936:
According to a 1970 inquiry, West Frisians identified themselves more with the Dutch than with
2450:
mostly reflects the place of origin of the family and not any aristocratic claim to a holding (
2263:
1774:
1593:
1045:
737:
and clothing, some of which are globally recognisable. Internationally, Dutch painters such as
20:
7419:
7413:
3165:
North during the last centuries. During the last 50 years or so there was a large increase of
9452:
9170:
7765:
6993:"Boise State University thesis by E.L. Knox on the German Eastward Expansion ('Ostsiedlung')"
6483:
6286:
4531:"Number of people with the Dutch nationality in Belgium as reported by Statistic Netherlands"
4308:
4030:
3819:
3606:
3146:
2916:
2781:
1713:
957:
425:
5558:
4374:"Table B04006 – People Reporting Ancestry – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
3977:, where they founded a few cities. The majority of Dutch Brazilians reside in the states of
2015:, meaning "German (people)"). At first the English language used (the contemporary form of)
646:. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in
9426:
8862:
8780:
8760:
4268:, spoken in southeastern Netherlands is used by people who ethnically identify as Dutch or
4140:
4125:
4053:
3729:
3344:
2933:, alongside Dutch, and they find this to be a defining part of their identity as Frisians.
2461:
2423:
2282:
2065:
1899:
1396:
1272:
1264:
1252:
1007:) of the Empire. Eventually, the Franks in Northern France were assimilated by the general
930:
5783:
5381:
4967:"Regeling – Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba – BWBR0028063"
3746:
to visit Australia and New Zealand, colonisation did not take place and it was only after
8:
9391:
9005:
8924:
8795:
8775:
8770:
8385:
7561:
6351:
4427:
4006:
3966:
3737:
3188:
2981:
2722:
2476:. This practice is similar to English surnames (the example names translate perfectly to
1473:. The Germans however refused to do so, as this conflicted with their ultimate goal, the
1429:
1330:
1203:
1188:
794:
734:
421:
75:
4208:
Autochtone population at 1 January 2006, Central Statistics Bureau, Integratiekaart 2006
3435:. More to the South, cities historically housing many Dutch traders have retained Dutch
3328:
1260:
1222:, as a whole, gained international prestige, consolidated the Dutch as an ethnic group.
9431:
8805:
8728:
7365:
7153:
7099:
7073:
7065:
6952:
6927:
6902:
6877:
6682:
6185:
6142:
extensively used that name to stress the Dutch as an ancient Germanic people. (Source:
5134:
4717:
4082:
4010:
3823:
3808:
3436:
3399:
3348:
3086:
2704:
2613:
2491:
2441:
2359:
1712:
As a West Germanic language, Dutch is related to other languages in that group such as
1482:
1476:
1207:
1149:
1016:
790:
552:
7959:
5946:
4841:
2663:
Prior to the arrival of Christianity, the ancestors of the Dutch adhered to a form of
8800:
8750:
8732:
8168:
8145:
8106:
8092:
8071:
8057:
7929:
7675:
7595:
7537:
7423:
7376:
7343:
7246:
7180:
7077:
6996:
6975:
6957:
6907:
6840:
6813:
6771:
6499:
6347:
6260:
6051:
Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages
5722:
5430:
5335:"Wat maakt Nederland tot Nederland? Over identiteit blijken we verrassend eensgezind"
5311:
5130:
5098:
4769:
3986:
3827:
3801:
3677:
3502:
3498:
3395:
3379:
3355:
3126:
2930:
2687:
2668:
2664:
2625:
2393:
2141:
1849:
1623:
1613:
1450:('The History of the Dutch tribe/people') as well as numerous essays on the subject.
1157:
1141:
1060:
1028:
836:
726:
699:
594:
8082:
The making of Dutch towns: A study in urban development from the 10th–17th centuries
5998:
5501:
3982:
3978:
3907:
3876:
during and after the war, Canada became a popular destination for Dutch immigrants.
9321:
8790:
8741:
8676:
8649:
8533:
8163:
7057:
6947:
6939:
6897:
6889:
6674:
6610:
Fred M. Shelley, Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders, 2013, page 97
6067:
4115:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3861:
3815:
3733:
3702:
3391:
3281:
3082:
2892:
2804:
In Dutch, the cultural division between North and South is also referred to by the
2769:
2629:
2499:
2481:
2213:
2167:
2050:
1965:
1841:
1717:
1603:
1454:
1407:
period. In this debate typically Dutch traditions have been put to the foreground.
1383:. In January 2020, the Dutch government officially dropped its support of the word
1256:
1215:
1172:
1164:
1153:
822:
818:
434:
6620:
6237:
6098:
As many as 100,000 New Zealanders are estimated to have Dutch blood in their veins
5669:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5646:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5618:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5540:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5521:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
5401:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'History of the Low Countries'. 10 May. 2009
8974:
8857:
8736:
8708:
8521:
8128:
8047:
8036:
7960:"Estudo de SNPs do cromossomo Y na população do Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil"
7621:
7174:
6479:
6444:
6432:
6389:
6359:
6104:
6010:
5983:
5953:
5929:
5906:
5675:
5652:
5624:
5584:
5565:
5546:
5527:
5509:
5486:
5463:
5424:
5407:
5388:
5318:
5146:
5138:
4414:
4265:
4237:
4145:
3941:). A significant number of Dutch immigrants arrived in that period. The state of
3842:
3835:
3818:(8th, first president who was not of British descent, first language was Dutch),
3786:
3776:
3772:
3533:
3407:
3402:) have towns and village with an etymologically Dutch origin. In the area around
3158:
3078:
2876:
2738:
2697:
2485:
2464:; the name is based on the occupation of the bearer. Well known examples include
2363:
2012:
1956:
1938:
1826:
1721:
1583:
1573:
1433:
1358:
1179:
1168:
1105:
1082:
1012:
981:
906:
754:
560:
472:
417:
102:
7447:
7213:"Article published by the Mercator Research center on Dutch settlers in Siberia"
6878:"Population structure, migration, and diversifying selection in the Netherlands"
5975:
sentence, found in the Salic Law, a legal text written around 500. (Source: the
5502:
W. Pijnenburg, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & D. Wortel, Oudnederlands Woordenboek
4997:"Regeling – Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba – BWBR0028142"
3150:
South of the Netherlands, and/or Northern Europeans more to the Northern parts.
1087:(1200) were widely enjoyed. The various city guilds as well as the necessity of
8785:
8723:
8718:
8492:
7123:
6448:
6382:
4713:
4261:
4257:
4150:
4120:
4105:
4057:
4018:
3950:
3850:
3831:
3756:
3688:
3649:
3631:
3526:
3416:
3387:
3359:
3277:
3253:
3183:
3133:
2941:
2810:
2385:
2259:
2028:
2020:
1873:
1692:
1557:
1502:
1400:
1368:
1363:
1302:
1268:
1248:
1074:
949:
840:
711:
643:
615:
590:
407:
191:
62:
7092:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III
6943:
9446:
9284:
8689:
8516:
7146:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI
6472:
5898:
5480:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'West Germanic languages'. 10 May. 2009
5224:
4195:
4155:
4100:
3800:), owned and regulated by the Dutch Republic, which later became part of the
3518:
3425:
3308:
3162:
3154:
3059:
2989:
2937:
2922:
2884:
2880:
2844:
2805:
2747:
2621:
2379:
2119:
2071:
1834:
1110:
1024:
934:
758:
691:
687:
476:
111:
5941:
For example he gave explicit orders not to create a voluntary Greater Dutch
4904:"Regeling – Instellingsbesluit Consultatief Orgaan Fries 2010 – BWBR0027230"
4312:
3610:
grammar. The dialects are no longer considered quite mutually intelligible.
3153:
The north–south differences were likely maintained by the relatively strong
2690:
and the County of Flanders, where secret open-air sermons were held, called
835:(chiefs only being elected in times of war), had religious beliefs based on
9185:
6961:
6911:
4881:
4417:– Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
4203:
4095:
4026:
4014:
3938:
3853:. During this period significant numbers also settled in major cities like
3747:
3525:
tribes. This led to the development of a major South African ethnic group,
3506:
3145:
levels). The correlation with genome-wide homozygosity likely reflects the
3001:
2997:
2973:
2708:
2267:
2197:
1969:
1881:
1861:
1829:). Some linguists subdivide these into approximately 28 distinct dialects.
1814:
1797:
1789:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1437:
1404:
1354:
1296:
1211:
1136:
1127:
1049:
977:
965:
913:, themselves a union of multiple smaller tribes (many of them, such as the
884:
868:
860:
805:
750:
725:
The traditional arts and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of
715:
679:
635:
466:
121:
3994:
3811:, in which the Dutch fought for the North and adopted many American ways.
2952:
country. Historically the whole Dutch North Seacoast was known as Frisia.
2728:
944:
8904:
8671:
8622:
6893:
6425:
5902:
5559:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'Fleming and Walloon'. 12 May. 2009
5362:
4966:
4679:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination"
4187:
3970:
3752:
3717:
3665:
3623:
3429:
3363:
3293:
3273:
3261:
3241:
3070:
3047:
3031:
2969:
2896:
2864:
2794:
2683:
2633:
2583:('the white'). There is also a set of made up or descriptive names; e.g.
2437:
2161:
2149:
1947:
1903:
1441:
1334:
1280:
1148:
Despite their growing linguistic and cultural unity, and (in the case of
1008:
985:
973:
766:
683:
639:
563:
also form a sizable minority, especially in the south on the border with
525:
438:
221:
171:
4344:"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd en nationaliteit op 1 januari; 1995-2023"
4272:
and regionally as "Limburgers" despite perceived linguistic differences.
3903:
3544:
9289:
8591:
8040:
8029:
7069:
6770:
Nederlandse en Vlaamse identiteit, Civis Mundi 2006 by S.W Couwenberg.
6686:
5197:"Dutch-born 2001, Figure 3 in DEMOS, 21, 4. Nederlanders over de grens"
4562:
4253:
4241:
4045:
3990:
3974:
3942:
3586:
3551:
3484:
3472:
3432:
3304:
3285:
3228:
3171:
3166:
3142:
3074:
2993:
2945:
2852:
2187:
2145:
2106:
1915:
1809:
1805:
1744:
1704:
1416:
926:
582:
493:
461:
443:
321:
97:(Self-identified ethnic Dutch and those legally treated as Dutch, e.g.
5921:
Het nationaal-socialistische beeld van de geschiedenis der Nederlanden
3954:
3336:
3141:
blue eyes), and genome-wide homozygosity (with the North having lower
1865:
1724:. Many West Germanic dialects underwent a series of sound shifts. The
659:
281:
9376:
9269:
9165:
8105:. By John Hunt, Heather-Ann Campbell. Troubador Publishing Ltd 2005,
5972:
5942:
4199:
4183:
4090:
3919:
3865:
3721:
3594:
3577:
3569:
3537:
3514:
3480:
3463:
3375:
3324:
3312:
3063:
3055:
2985:
2926:
2912:
2872:
2868:
2848:
2751:
2637:
1889:
1818:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1778:
1462:
1124:
Timeline of Burgundian and Habsburg acquisitions in the Low Countries
1000:
996:
969:
938:
914:
888:
832:
826:
749:
are held in high regard. The predominant religion among the Dutch is
738:
703:
675:
663:
598:
586:
429:
231:
141:
98:
6974:
Taschenatlas Weltgeschichte, part 1, by H. Kinder and W. Hilgemann.
6678:
6565:
Dutch Culture in a European Perspective; by D. Fokkema, 2004, Assen.
6460:
Most common names of occupational origin. Source 1947 Dutch census.
3108:
3062:, despite the similarities they share with southern Germans such as
3008:(Dutch: above/below the rivers), in which 'the rivers' refer to the
1941:
1275:. Apart from a brief reunification from 1815 until 1830, within the
952:
contains the oldest known depiction of Dutch individuals, the count
9180:
8745:
8694:
8685:
8509:
8487:
8135:
The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands
7766:
Embajada del Reino de los Países Bajos en Buenos Aires, Argentina.
7061:
5457:
Encyclopædia Britannica Online; entry 'Dutch language' 10 May. 2009
4941:
4790:"CBS – One in eleven old age pensioners live abroad – Web magazine"
4407:
4282:
4269:
3923:
3522:
3316:
3137:
3043:
3035:
3025:
2977:
2908:
2888:
2713:
2177:
1924:
go back to Proto-Germanic, the ancestor of all Germanic languages,
1869:
1470:
1453:
During World War II, when both Belgium and the Netherlands fell to
1284:
1244:
1020:
992:
898:
852:
762:
746:
651:
564:
556:
503:
498:
391:
361:
271:
7674:. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 192.
7342:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 13–35.
6287:"Hoofdletters in namen: Nynke van der Sluis / Nynke Van der Sluis"
5945:
division composed of soldiers from the Netherlands and Flanders. (
4002:
3998:
3763:
Australia whereas New Zealand has some 100,000 Dutch descendants.
3192:
Distribution of the Dutch and their descendants around the world.
8713:
8663:
8228:
8187:
7399:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1933. James Louis Garvin, editor.
7172:
6874:
6139:
4065:
society and some families still work in the agricultural sector.
4061:
4049:
3962:
3854:
3367:
3332:
3320:
3280:
invited several waves of Dutch and Frisians to settle throughout
3269:
3257:
3039:
2860:
2700:
2455:
1973:
1885:
1372:
1066:
922:
848:
770:
742:
447:
341:
331:
211:
161:
151:
6924:
6606:
6604:
3933:
settling in Brazil during the 17th century. They controlled the
2960:
2835:
1983:
1977:
1950:
1697:
Dutch is the main language spoken by most Dutch people. It is a
8681:
8659:
7325:
Countries and concepts: an introduction to comparative politics
4191:
3915:
3743:
3440:
3403:
3371:
3289:
3265:
3091:
2477:
1486:
1325:
1004:
918:
910:
880:
856:
844:
719:
695:
671:
667:
655:
381:
351:
301:
291:
251:
241:
181:
131:
7609:
7607:
5814:"Wennen aan The Netherlands, want Holland bestaat niet langer"
5279:
3969:. During the 19th and 20th century, Dutch immigrants from the
3668:
or Dutch-Indonesians. The expulsion of Dutchmen following the
893:
7371:(1996 ed.). David Philip Publishers (Pty) Ltd. pp.
6601:
6074:. The American Presidents Series. Times Books. pp. 6–7.
3695:
3653:
3627:
3390:
church is present, and a number of border districts (such as
3264:, but also settled in and around major German cities such as
3249:
3013:
3009:
2819:
2815:
2718:
1857:
1743:
Standard Dutch has a sound inventory of thirteen vowels, six
1515:
Approximate distribution of native Dutch speakers worldwide.
730:
707:
647:
371:
311:
261:
201:
6761:
National minorities in Europe, W. Braumüller, 2003, page 20.
6498:
The Dutch Republic Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806,
6399:
may be observed in German names denoting nobility while the
3898:
2895:. The entire Northern Dutch cultural area is located in the
7604:
7176:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. History, Memory, Legacy
5305:
3910:, Brazil. Mill and houses in Dutch architecture on the left
3648:
Since the 16th century, there has been a Dutch presence in
3641:
3590:
3582:, rather than Dutchmen, after the land they had colonised.
3488:
3245:
1466:
1353:
as a national denominator on much the same grounds as many
5932:
by I. Schöffer. Amsterdam University Press. 2006. Page 92.
4445:"Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables"
3276:
and Brandenburg. From the 13th to the 15th centuries, the
1989:
1925:
8103:
Dutch South Africa: early settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708
7397:
Encyclopedia Britannica Volume 4 Part 2: Brain to Casting
7367:
Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order
7340:
Dutch South Africa: Early Settlers at the Cape, 1652–1708
5243:
Handboek tot de staatkundige geschiedenis der Nederlanden
3335:
in central Poland. These communities became known as the
2707:, felt it was his duty to fight Protestantism and, after
1976:
for example gradually stopped referring to themselves as
642:. They share a common ancestry and culture and speak the
3370:
in search for fertile land. The Russian capital itself,
3069:
In the case of Belgium, there is the added influence of
2295:
Dutch names can differ greatly in spelling. The surname
1011:
population, and took over their dialects (which became
8142:
The Persistence of Ethnicity: Dutch Calvinist pioneers
6621:"Ynterfryske ferklearring (Inter-Frisian Declaration)"
5658:
period, when attacks on merchant caravans were common.
4842:"SEF: Relatório de Imigração, Fronteiras e Asilo 2022"
1171:, the Low Countries rebelled against their new liege,
7824:"Agência CT – Ministério da Ciência & Tecnologia"
7500:"The Afrikaans Language | about | language"
7492:
7470:"Afrikaans language – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"
6048:
4563:"New Zealand government website on Dutch-Australians"
3997:. There are also small groups of Dutch Brazilians in
1403:
and the influx of non-Western immigrants in the post-
6836:
Languages in contact and conflict ... – Google Books
6652:
Frisia. 'Facts and fiction' (1970), by D. Tamminga.
5361:, part I: till 1648. Page 203, 'A new religion', by
5019:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4315:
who may ethnically further also identify as "Dutch".
4072:
2675:) missionaries arrived. They were later replaced by
1505:, which would result in a number around 33,000,000.
6833:Wright, Sue; Kelly-Holmes, Helen (1 January 1995).
6573:
6571:
6107:(some 2% of the current population of New Zealand).
2863:for the country in which they form a majority; the
2523:Other surnames may relate to animals. For example;
2355:There are several main types of surnames in Dutch:
1042:
History of urban centers in the Dutch Low Countries
7364:
7241:Thomas McGhee, Charles C.; N/A, N/A, eds. (1989).
6832:
5845:"Wat is het verschil tussen Holland en Nederland?"
5035:. Centraal Bureau voor der Statistiek. p. 5.
2859:, exemplified by the use of "Dutch" itself as the
2547:('The Falcon'); to a desired social status; e.g.,
1909:
7614:Nederland-Australie 1606–2006 on Dutch emigration
7558:"Easternization of the West: Children of the VOC"
7532:. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008.
6595:Voor wie Nederland en Vlaanderen wil leren kennen
6589:
6587:
6494:
6492:
6380:' in front of a Dutch name signifies nobility." (
4701:
3585:Afrikaners are dominated by two main groups, the
9444:
8004:
7542:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
7338:Hunt, John (2005). Campbell, Heather-Ann (ed.).
7240:
6664:
6568:
6066:
5273:Van agrarische samenleving naar verzorgingsstaat
4585:
4056:. Furthermore, the Surinamese ethnic group, the
1931:(meaning "national/popular"); akin to Old Dutch
19:"The Dutch" redirects here. For other uses, see
7411:
7389:
6516:"Meer dan de helft Nederlanders niet religieus"
5966:
5757:(1985), 33–36, and Knippenberg & De Pater,
5190:
5188:
5186:
4430:who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the
3575:
3567:
3549:
3125:differences between these regions that reflect
2867:. Linguistically, Northerners speak any of the
1932:
1251:, the Dutch revolted, in what would become the
7316:
7295:Area Handbook for the Republic of South Africa
6870:
6868:
6584:
6489:
5210:
5194:
5151:
5123:
5062:"Helft Nederlanders is kerkelijk of religieus"
4616:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4285:, who may or may not also identify as "Dutch".
3914:In South America, the Dutch settled mainly in
3841:The first Dutch people to come to Canada were
2671:. At the start of the 6th century, the first (
2370:) had a son named Jacob, he would be known as
8607:
8230:Ethnic and national groups in the Netherlands
8214:
7916:. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008
7245:(2nd ed.). Pretoria: Varama Publishers.
7236:
7234:
6318:"[Nummer 12], Onze Taal. Jaargang 29"
5689:
5687:
5589:Thus, the town in the Low Countries became a
3493:Afrikaans speaking population in South Africa
3235:
2703:') in Dutch. The ruler of the Dutch regions,
839:and spoke a dialect still closely resembling
8116:Koopmans, Joop W., and Arend H. Huussen Jr.
7594:' (Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001)
7179:. London: Routledge – Taylor & Francis.
7173:Andrzej Chwalba; Krzysztof Zamorski (2020).
6394:
6129:
5885:Psychologie en de multiculturele samenleving
5183:
5029:De religieuze kaart van Nederland, 2010–2015
3707:
3410:
3136:– Rijn, Waal, Maas – as a border), with the
2006:
1959:
1340:
941:; Roman allies in charge of border defense.
74:
7761:
7759:
7586:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7280:
6865:
6807:
6702:De Friezen: Op syk nei de Fryske identiteit
6613:
6593:
6548:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6375:
6214:
6167:
6161:
6143:
6123:
6117:
5999:
5919:
5883:
5758:
5695:Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands
5693:
5630:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5366:
5356:
5271:
5265:
5241:
5235:
5084:
4866:
4501:"More Than 250,000 Dutch People in Germany"
4329:
3834:(43rd), the latter two descendant from the
3561:
3450:
3444:
3419:
3112:The three largerst patterns of genome-wide
2691:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2445:
2427:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2383:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2159:
2153:
2125:
2117:
2092:
2086:
2044:
2038:
2032:
1996:
1893:
1702:
1474:
1445:
1390:
1329:A typical November scene in the Dutch town
1175:, and presented her with a set of demands.
1080:
1072:
1064:
624:
38:
8848:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
8614:
8600:
8221:
8207:
8133:Kossmann-Putto, J. A. and E. H. Kossmann.
7998:
7667:
7407:
7405:
7231:
7158:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7104:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6784:Vlaamse identiteit: mythe én werkelijkheid
6055:Martin van Buren's mother tongue was Dutch
6053:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 50.
6013:on the Dutch dialects and main groupings.
5781:
5684:
5237:Winkler Prins Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
4792:. Cbs.nl. 20 February 2007. Archived from
4712:
4420:
2682:In the early 16th century, the Protestant
1747:and twenty-three consonants, of which the
1507:
7884:"Cidades preservam tradições dos colonos"
7415:Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles
7301:
7264:
7262:
7148:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1885. p. 256.
6951:
6901:
6370:"It is a common mistake of Americans, or
5422:
4477:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2012.
3698:, where the Netherlands has its embassy.
3362:, where they were offered land along the
2955:
2830:
2350:
1447:De Geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche stam
8621:
8144:. By University of Illinois Press 1992,
8118:Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands
8070:. By The Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1957,
7756:
7728:
7726:
7645:. Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from
7277:
7094:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 96.
7047:
5025:
4818:. Ssb.no. 1 January 2009. Archived from
4673:
4671:
4669:
3902:View of the Carambeí Historical Park in
3897:
3780:
3711:
3635:
3566:eventually turned to cattle ranching as
3543:
3462:
3303:In the early-to-mid-16th century, Dutch
3187:
3107:
2959:
2834:
2727:
2597:
2390:. Similar to English names like Johnson.
1671:
1324:
1271:, but maintained Spanish control of the
1238:at the end of World War II on 7 May 1945
1229:
1135:
943:
892:
8843:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
7402:
7356:
6258:
5090:
5054:
4961:
4959:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4437:
3513:(VOC) established its first outpost at
3260:used their expertise to build dikes in
2787:
2097:has been in continuous use since 1250.
2005:meaning "Dutch (people)" (archaic) and
1267:, acknowledged the independence of the
9445:
8024:Blom, J. C. H. and E. Lamberts, eds.
7502:. Kwintessential.co.uk. Archived from
7362:
7331:
7259:
7029:from the original on 28 September 2023
6853:from the original on 28 September 2023
6699:
6631:from the original on 27 September 2018
6328:from the original on 19 September 2021
5842:
5735:from the original on 28 September 2023
5714:
5293:from the original on 23 September 2018
5111:from the original on 28 September 2023
4774:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4718:"Dutch Ethnic People in all Countries"
3505:as early as 1488, much of present-day
3331:in northern Poland, and later also in
3038:, some generally similar or identical
1988:, after their tribe. On the continent
1423:
1206:, were still implemented. The rule of
16:Ethnic group native to the Netherlands
8595:
8202:
7970:from the original on 14 December 2014
7902:
7876:
7804:from the original on 27 February 2018
7723:
5855:from the original on 1 September 2023
5824:from the original on 1 September 2023
5794:from the original on 1 September 2023
5766:
5429:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 39.
5289:. Statline.cbs.nl. 15 December 2009.
5171:from the original on 7 September 2013
4977:from the original on 25 February 2021
4874:"Taal in Nederland .:. Nedersaksisch"
4432:South African National Census of 2011
4354:from the original on 19 December 2023
4281:West Frisian is spoken by the ethnic
4178:
4176:
3252:rivers, regions largely inhabited by
2732:Religion in the Netherlands in 1849.
2686:began to form and soon spread in the
2602:The Dutch Proverbs, Bruegel the Elder
1880:(due to Suriname being a member). In
1837:. For example, the first language of
809:exact emergence of the Dutch people.
7337:
6995:. Oit.boisestate.edu. Archived from
6297:from the original on 1 February 2023
6166:(The Hague 1932 (reprinted 1994)): "
6028:"Kaart van de Nederlandse dialecten"
5782:Oostendorp, Marc van (1 June 2018).
5358:Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse stam
5042:from the original on 15 October 2017
5007:from the original on 6 November 2014
4956:
4914:from the original on 6 November 2014
4646:
4455:from the original on 27 October 2017
3957:(for example in Frederikstad, today
3536:in 1685, they were joined by French
2843:Northern Dutch culture is marked by
1823:'Hard G' and 'Soft G' speaking areas
1225:
897:The conversion of the Frankish king
85:Regions with significant populations
7560:. Dutchmalaysia.net. Archived from
7480:from the original on 31 August 2010
7268:
7019:"Nederlandse Kolonies in Duitsland"
6752:, 461–463 (Dutch language version).
6726:from the original on 18 August 2018
6625:De Fryske Rie (The Frisian Council)
5423:Arblaster, Paul (26 October 2018).
5368:Wereldbibliotheek Amsterdam/Antwerp
4724:from the original on 7 January 2019
4573:from the original on 7 January 2019
4398:
4260:variety in close proximity to both
3937:coast of Brazil from 1630 to 1654 (
3509:was ignored by Europeans until the
3292:where Dutch immigrants settled was
3081:government. This was followed by a
2031:, the Dutch refer to themselves as
1469:into combining the Netherlands and
694:were situated around the border of
13:
8054:The Xenophobe's Guide to the Dutch
8017:
7890:from the original on 23 April 2016
7671:Dutch immigration to North America
7322:
7307:
7292:
7193:from the original on 11 April 2023
6882:European Journal of Human Genetics
6550:Nederland over de schouder gekeken
6267:from the original on 7 August 2023
6163:Middelnederlandsch handwoordenboek
6025:
5491:restructured Frankish—i.e., Dutch;
4689:from the original on 19 March 2022
4511:from the original on 20 April 2019
4216:
4173:
3601:, has been influenced by English,
3458:
3428:is Dutch, rather than surrounding
3073:as the Dutch language and culture
2299:, for example is also recorded as
1320:
14:
9469:
8180:
8158:(2010), a historical encyclopedia
7711:from the original on 4 March 2023
6812:, by J.C.H Blom and E. Lamberts,
6030:[Map of Dutch dialects].
5195:Nicholaas, Han; Sprangers, Arno.
5072:from the original on 14 July 2019
4854:from the original on 23 July 2023
4634:from the original on 7 April 2015
4604:from the original on 18 June 2020
4040:, poor farmers arriving from the
3789:per U.S. county according to the
3617:
3339:, a Polish rendering of the term
3288:coast. The first place in modern
3177:
3058:do not consider themselves to be
2494:; based on nicknames relating to
2111:
1277:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
1003:, the Low Countries and Northern
9458:Ethnic groups in the Netherlands
8186:
7989:America Desde Otra Frontera. La
7982:
7952:
7942:
7846:
7816:
7786:
7692:
7661:
7635:
7626:
7576:
7550:
7518:
7462:
7446:. DutchToday.com. Archived from
7436:
7205:
7166:
7138:
7112:
7084:
7041:
7011:
6985:
6968:
6918:
6826:
6801:
6792:
6764:
6755:
6738:
6315:
6196:from the original on 7 June 2008
6134:resulted in its disuse when the
5287:"CBS statline Church membership"
5159:"2001CPAncestryDetailed (Final)"
4481:from the original on 22 May 2019
4386:from the original on 1 June 2023
4075:
3879:
3766:
3742:Though the Dutch were the first
3501:explorers made contact with the
3127:evolutionary selection pressures
2565:('Emperor'); or to colour; e.g.
1777:and the use of slang, including
1457:, fascist elements (such as the
1196:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
1117:
1063:. Dutch epic literature such as
538:Predominantly of Dutch ancestry.
8089:The Dutch in America, 1609–1974
7698:
6809:Geschiedenis van de Nederlanden
6786:(Leuven 2002), 22–40, esp. 38.
6708:
6693:
6658:
6646:
6559:
6541:
6508:
6466:
6454:
6374:in general, to think that the '
6364:
6346:See the history section of the
6340:
6309:
6279:
6252:
6226:
6208:
6178:
6154:
6110:
6091:
6082:
6060:
6042:
6019:
5992:
5959:
5935:
5912:
5891:
5876:
5867:
5836:
5806:
5775:
5747:
5708:
5662:
5639:
5611:
5571:
5552:
5533:
5514:
5495:
5473:
5450:
5416:
5394:
5374:
5349:
5327:
5258:
5249:
5240:I (1977), p. 150; I.H. Gosses,
5229:
4989:
4926:
4896:
4834:
4808:
4782:
4736:
4591:
4297:
4288:
4275:
4247:
4231:
3929:The Dutch were among the first
3174:than Catholics or Protestants.
3042:, and with no clearly separate
2173:de / der / den / te / ter / ten
1910:Etymology of autonym and exonym
1878:Union of South American Nations
1726:Anglo-Frisian nasal spirant law
1395:The ideologies associated with
1315:Dutch United East India Company
1290:
804:As with all ethnic groups, the
8068:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654
6223:, which means "low" or "down".
6049:Nicoline Sijs van der (2009).
5820:(in Dutch). 31 December 2019.
5426:A History of the Low Countries
5199:. Nidi.knaw.nl. Archived from
5068:(in Dutch). 22 December 2016.
4628:Office for National Statistics
4555:
4523:
4493:
4467:
4366:
3682:
2144:positioned between a person's
2085: Although not as old as
1964:all meaning "(of) the common (
1662:
1489:himself, actively opposed it.
1349:) will object to being called
1307:Het Nederlandse Koloniale Rijk
1035:
574:
541:
531:
517:
465:Historically or traditionally
92:
1:
8868:Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
7418:. Portobello Books. pp.
7243:The plot against South Africa
7050:American Journal of Sociology
6750:The Dutch Republic, 1477–1806
6259:Hoitink, Y. (10 April 2005).
6234:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
6219:corresponds with the English
5882:J. Knipscheer and R. Kleber,
5276:(Leiden 1993), 35–64, esp. 40
4934:"Taal in Nederland .:. Fries"
4322:
3872:and her family. Due to these
2964:Southern Dutch cultural area.
2839:Northern Dutch cultural area.
2642:Folklore of the Low Countries
2440:or aristocratic titles (e.g.
2382:. These names rarely feature
1495:
1361:would object to being called
1236:liberation of the Netherlands
1234:Dutch people celebrating the
1194:Following Mary's marriage to
67:
54:
8026:History of the Low Countries
7770:(in Spanish). Archived from
6438:Institute for Dutch surnames
6128:. However the similarity to
4025:community is in the city of
3358:also migrated as far as the
3116:variation in the Netherlands
2811:below/above the great rivers
2043:derives from the Dutch word
1132:Early Netherlandish painting
799:
7:
7668:Ganzevoort, Herman (1983).
5843:margoD (3 September 2020).
5760:De eenwording van Nederland
5312:Religion in the Netherlands
5270:", in H.A. Diederiks e.a.,
5091:Numbers, Ronald L. (2014).
4594:"Présentation des Pays-Bas"
4379:United States Census Bureau
4111:Dutch customs and etiquette
4068:
3973:immigrated to the Brazil's
3949:) was once a colony of the
3097:
3019:
2902:
2659:Religion in the Netherlands
2646:
2618:Dutch customs and etiquette
2290:
2258:is wrong. Many surnames of
2148:and the main part of their
1995:evolved into two meanings:
1982:and instead started to use
1734:Second Germanic sound shift
1667:
1301:The Dutch colonial empire (
874:
63:Dutch diaspora and ancestry
10:
9474:
8634:Kingdom of the Netherlands
8056:. Oval Projects Ltd 1999,
7993:– Surinam : 1680–1795
7794:"Brasileiros na Holanda -"
7122:. Pgsa.org. Archived from
6700:Betten, Erik (June 2013).
6034:(in Dutch). Archived from
4940:(in Dutch). Archived from
4880:(in Dutch). Archived from
3883:
3798:New Netherland settlements
3770:
3727:
3700:
3686:
3675:
3621:
3478:
3236:Central and Eastern Europe
3227:Since World War II, Dutch
3181:
3101:
3023:
2906:
2780:, both descendants of the
2774:Reformed Church in America
2772:remain strongholds of the
2656:
2650:
2611:
2605:
2593:
2193:van de / van der / van den
2104:
2076:Excessive citations inline
1913:
1854:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1690:
1566: (South) Africa (47%)
1294:
1200:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549
1121:
1039:
933:. Eventually, in 358, the
878:
867:from Germanic paganism to
816:
812:
787:History of the Netherlands
784:
780:
576:
543:
533:
519:
18:
9411:
9260:
9251:
9214:
9161:
9152:
8996:
8987:
8960:Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta
8890:
8881:
8704:Development urban centers
8640:
8630:
8568:
8547:
8475:
8406:
8368:
8332:
8301:
8294:
8236:
8091:.Twayne Publishers 1975,
8087:De Jong, Gerald Francis.
8005:F.E.M. Mitrasing (1979).
7964:Base.repositorio.unesp.br
7934:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7768:"Holandeses en Argentina"
7310:Zimbabwe: A Country Study
6944:10.1007/s10519-013-9610-1
6009:28 September 2023 at the
5971:" is the oldest attested
4136:Netherlands (terminology)
3708:Australia and New Zealand
3662:modern Indonesian Islands
3366:. Some settlers left for
3242:German eastward expansion
3104:Genetic history of Europe
2778:Christian Reformed Church
2653:History of Dutch religion
2442:William, Prince of Orange
1749:voiceless velar fricative
1730:Anglo-Frisian brightening
1560:outside the Netherlands.
1521: Netherlands (70.8%)
1341:Hollander vs. Nederlander
512:
489:
484:
459:
454:
405:
400:
390:
380:
370:
360:
350:
340:
330:
320:
310:
300:
290:
280:
270:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
210:
200:
190:
180:
170:
160:
150:
140:
130:
120:
110:
89:
84:
52:
47:
36:
8127:24 February 2020 at the
8035:24 February 2020 at the
7910:"Imigrantes: Holandeses"
7798:Brasileirosnaholanda.com
7412:Dowden, Richard (2010).
7363:Keegan, Timothy (1996).
6839:. Multilingual Matters.
6780:Allemaal andersdenkenden
6716:"Bevolking (Population)"
6145:Etymologisch Woordenboek
6088:2006 New Zealand Census.
5888:(Amsterdam 2005), 76 ff.
5674:15 February 2014 at the
5651:15 February 2014 at the
5623:15 February 2014 at the
5583:15 February 2014 at the
5545:15 February 2014 at the
5526:15 February 2014 at the
5406:15 February 2014 at the
5337:. trouw.nl. 26 June 2019
5145:25 February 2005 at the
5141:to Canadian statistics.
4413:28 November 2017 at the
4166:
4131:List of Germanic peoples
4031:province of Buenos Aires
3511:Dutch East India Company
3120:The largest patterns of
2677:Anglo-Saxon missionaries
2100:
1920:The origins of the word
1465:) tried to convince the
1391:(Multi)cultural identity
1311:Dutch West India Company
1178:The subsequently issued
859:) settling the decaying
413:other regional languages
37:
8122:excerpt and text search
8041:complete edition online
8030:excerpt and text search
7738:Histedbr.fae.unicamp.br
7701:"Emigratie naar Canada"
7474:Encyclopædia Britannica
6553:(Utrecht 1986), 11–12.
6443:8 November 2007 at the
6350:article, or visit this
6186:"Hermes in uitbreiding"
5967:
5907:Greater state movements
5784:"Nederland of Holland?"
5508:19 January 2016 at the
5317:16 January 2013 at the
5026:Schmeets, Hans (2016).
4305:Portuguese-based creole
3947:Captaincy of Pernambuco
3847:United Empire Loyalists
3603:Malay-Portuguese creole
3469:Cape Dutch architecture
3307:began to move from the
3122:human genetic variation
3006:boven/onder de rivieren
2921:Frisians, specifically
2667:augmented with various
2081:considered for deletion
1991:
1984:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1738:West Germanic languages
1387:for the whole country.
968:gradually evolved into
775:individual spirituality
9307:Decorations and medals
8756:Burgundian Netherlands
8191:Quotations related to
7587:
6808:
6627:(in Western Frisian).
6594:
6549:
6473:The Anglo-Saxon Church
6419:
6413:
6407:
6401:
6395:
6376:
6261:"Prefixes in surnames"
6215:
6168:
6162:
6144:
6130:
6124:
6122:was used synonym with
6118:
6000:
5920:
5884:
5759:
5718:J. Huizinga (1960: 62)
5694:
5631:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5485:30 August 2011 at the
5367:
5357:
5272:
5266:
5242:
5236:
4348:Statistics Netherlands
3911:
3870:Crown Princess Juliana
3793:
3725:
3645:
3576:
3568:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3476:
3451:
3445:
3420:
3411:
3296:in 1297, once renamed
3272:and German regions of
3224:
3117:
2965:
2956:Southern Dutch culture
2840:
2831:Northern Dutch culture
2756:
2709:the wave of iconoclasm
2692:
2603:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2446:
2428:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2384:
2351:Main types of surnames
2264:English-speaking world
2192:
2182:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2118:
2093:
2087:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2007:
1997:
1894:
1848:Dutch is currently an
1773:, the ability to form
1703:
1699:West Germanic language
1688:
1539: Caribbean (0.1%)
1475:
1446:
1397:(Romantic) Nationalism
1337:
1306:
1239:
1145:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1046:Burgundian Netherlands
961:
902:
625:
581:In South Africa, most
79:
39:
21:Dutch (disambiguation)
9302:Customs and etiquette
8156:The A to Z of Belgium
7588:De uittocht uit Indie
7444:"Is Afrikaans Dutch?"
6744:Cf. Geoffrey Parker,
6598:. 1978 By J. Wilmots
6484:Catholic Encyclopedia
6426:Source: Genealogy.com
5982:27 April 2023 at the
5968:Maltho thi afrio lito
5952:22 March 2012 at the
5928:27 April 2023 at the
5564:28 April 2009 at the
5462:26 April 2015 at the
5218:Factfinder.census.gov
5094:Creationism in Europe
3901:
3820:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3784:
3715:
3639:
3607:Union of South Africa
3547:
3466:
3191:
3147:serial founder effect
3111:
2963:
2917:West Frisian language
2838:
2782:Dutch Reformed Church
2731:
2657:Further information:
2612:Further information:
2601:
2462:Occupational surnames
2454:– one who comes from
2444:). However, in Dutch
2250:are all correct, but
1686:
1533: Suriname (1.7%)
1527: Belgium (27.1%)
1328:
1233:
1139:
1122:Further information:
1083:Van den vos Reynaerde
1040:Further information:
958:Hildegard of Flanders
947:
896:
879:Further information:
817:Further information:
714:. The high degree of
485:Related ethnic groups
78:
9337:Orders of knighthood
8970:World Heritage Sites
8873:Coronavirus pandemic
8863:European debt crisis
8836:Dutch Liberation Day
8761:Habsburg Netherlands
8161:White & Boucke.
8154:Stallaerts, Robert.
8046:28 June 2011 at the
7995:, Ana Crespo Solana.
7620:28 June 2010 at the
7395:Entry: Cape Colony.
6982:, page 171. (German)
6894:10.1038/ejhg.2013.48
6547:A.M. van der Woude,
6431:22 June 2007 at the
6388:11 June 2007 at the
6116:Until World War II,
6038:on 10 December 2006.
6032:University of Vienna
5977:Old Dutch dictionary
5715:Becker, Uwe (2006).
5223:11 February 2020 at
4685:. 10 February 2014.
4428:white South Africans
4141:Netherlands Antilles
4126:List of Dutch people
4029:in the south of the
3730:New Zealand European
3449:) and Cologne/Köln (
3345:partitions of Poland
3300:after the settlers.
3083:nationalist backlash
3030:Within the field of
2793:historians, notably
2788:Cultural divergences
2424:Cornelius Vanderbilt
2376:Jacob, Williams' son
2066:North European Plain
1900:Dutch Language Union
1895:Nederlandse Taalunie
1808:. The Dutch part of
1556:People of (partial)
1485:, and, by decree of
1279:(which included the
1273:Southern Netherlands
1027:among the Franks. A
753:, encompassing both
735:architectural styles
58: 30–35 million
8945:Mountains and hills
8796:Batavian Revolution
8776:Spanish Netherlands
8771:Seventeen Provinces
7914:Terrabrasileira.net
7864:on 23 February 2009
7828:Agenciat.mct.gov.br
7506:on 7 September 2012
7327:. pp. 343–373.
7312:. pp. 237–317.
7271:To Be Born a Nation
7126:on 18 November 2010
6999:on 27 December 2008
6478:12 May 2017 at the
6358:20 May 2006 at the
6263:. Dutch Genealogy.
5873:Shetter (2002), 201
4944:on 13 February 2017
4884:on 13 February 2017
4822:on 15 November 2011
4683:migrationpolicy.org
4451:. 25 October 2017.
4060:, persons of mixed
4007:Rio Grande do Norte
3967:Rio Grande do Norte
3826:(26th), as well as
3738:Dutch New Zealander
3426:traditional dialect
3284:, mainly along the
2982:Counter-Reformation
2723:Peace of Westphalia
2496:physical appearance
2492:Cognominal surnames
2414:and variants where
2368:William, John's son
2360:Patronymic surnames
1430:Greater Netherlands
1424:Greater Netherlands
1345:Many Dutch people (
1204:Seventeen Provinces
795:History of Flanders
569:Catholic stronghold
33:
9196:Telecommunications
8806:Kingdom of Holland
8066:Boxer. Charles R.
7297:. pp. 42–591.
6240:on 6 December 2008
6103:1 May 2008 at the
6026:Hüning, Matthias.
5595:(sometimes called
5387:3 May 2015 at the
5135:Canada 2001 Census
5001:Wetten.overheid.nl
4971:Wetten.overheid.nl
4908:Wetten.overheid.nl
4796:on 5 February 2012
4720:. Joshua Project.
4630:. 28 August 2014.
4598:Diplomatie.gouv.fr
4083:Netherlands portal
4011:Mato Grosso do Sul
3912:
3824:Theodore Roosevelt
3809:American Civil War
3794:
3726:
3646:
3599:Early Modern Dutch
3558:
3477:
3378:, the mistress of
3225:
3118:
3087:Belgian Revolution
2966:
2841:
2764:, followed by 15%
2757:
2705:Philip II of Spain
2614:Dutch architecture
2604:
2508:('the tall one'),
2394:Toponymic surnames
2152:. The most common
1689:
1545: Other (0.3%)
1483:ethnic nationalism
1338:
1240:
1208:Philip II of Spain
1146:
1017:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
962:
954:Dirk II of Holland
903:
791:History of Belgium
80:
31:
9440:
9439:
9407:
9406:
9247:
9246:
9148:
9147:
9125:Political parties
9061:Foreign relations
8983:
8982:
8853:Same-sex marriage
8801:Batavian Republic
8781:Eighty Years' War
8751:Holy Roman Empire
8589:
8588:
8471:
8470:
8173:978-1-888580-44-0
8080:Burke, Gerald L.
7991:Guayana Holandesa
7774:on 14 August 2012
7564:on 14 August 2009
7530:portal.unesco.org
7429:978-1-58648-753-9
7382:978-0-8139-1735-1
7349:978-1-904744-95-5
7273:. pp. 9–327.
7219:on 2 January 2014
7186:978-1-000-20399-8
6980:978-90-5574-565-4
6932:Behavior Genetics
6888:(11): 1277–1285.
6846:978-1-85359-278-2
6818:978-90-5574-475-6
6348:Vanderbilt family
5947:Link to documents
5728:978-90-5589-275-4
5436:978-1-137-61188-8
5246:I (1974 ), 84 ff.
5131:Statistics Canada
5104:978-1-4214-1562-8
3987:Rio Grande do Sul
3828:George H. W. Bush
3802:Thirteen Colonies
3678:Dutch East Indies
3670:Indonesian Revolt
3503:Cape of Good Hope
3204: + 1,000,000
3198: Netherlands
2931:Frisian languages
2739:Roman Catholicism
2665:Germanic paganism
2626:Dutch festivities
2556:De Koninck/Koning
2514:('the big one'),
2418:is translated as
2142:family name affix
1850:official language
1684:
1660:
1659:
1501:full and partial
1455:German occupation
1265:Eighty Years' War
1253:Eighty Years' War
1226:National identity
1142:Act of Abjuration
1061:standard language
1029:dialect continuum
837:Germanic paganism
727:traditional music
700:Holy Roman Empire
608:
607:
595:Dutch Cape Colony
549:Dutch Protestants
71: 14 million
9465:
9420:
9258:
9257:
9229:Public transport
9159:
9158:
8994:
8993:
8888:
8887:
8714:Frankish Kingdom
8677:Migration Period
8616:
8609:
8602:
8593:
8592:
8299:
8298:
8223:
8216:
8209:
8200:
8199:
8190:
8164:The UnDutchables
8011:
8010:
8002:
7996:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7975:
7956:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7933:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7906:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7860:. Archived from
7850:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7830:. Archived from
7820:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7790:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7763:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7749:
7744:on 6 August 2013
7740:. Archived from
7730:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7684:. Archived from
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7639:
7633:
7630:
7624:
7611:
7602:
7590:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7554:
7548:
7547:
7541:
7533:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7409:
7400:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7370:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7323:Roskin, Roskin.
7320:
7314:
7313:
7308:Nelson, Harold.
7305:
7299:
7298:
7293:Kaplan, Irving.
7290:
7275:
7274:
7266:
7257:
7256:
7238:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7215:. Archived from
7209:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7157:
7149:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7103:
7095:
7088:
7082:
7081:
7045:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7015:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6989:
6983:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6905:
6872:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6811:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6768:
6762:
6759:
6753:
6746:The Dutch Revolt
6742:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6617:
6611:
6608:
6599:
6597:
6591:
6582:
6575:
6566:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6525:. Archived from
6520:
6512:
6506:
6496:
6487:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6452:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6379:
6368:
6362:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6236:. Archived from
6230:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6190:Users.pandora.be
6182:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6136:German occupiers
6133:
6127:
6121:
6114:
6108:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6072:Martin Van Buren
6068:Edward L. Widmer
6064:
6058:
6057:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6003:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5970:
5963:
5957:
5939:
5933:
5923:
5916:
5910:
5895:
5889:
5887:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5755:The Dutch Revolt
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5721:. Het Spinhuis.
5712:
5706:
5705:
5697:
5691:
5682:
5666:
5660:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5575:
5569:
5556:
5550:
5537:
5531:
5518:
5512:
5499:
5493:
5477:
5471:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5420:
5414:
5398:
5392:
5378:
5372:
5370:
5360:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5269:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5206:on 11 June 2007.
5205:
5192:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5149:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5034:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4755:
4749:. Archived from
4748:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4675:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4569:. 4 March 2009.
4559:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4536:. Archived from
4535:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4441:
4435:
4424:
4418:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4340:
4316:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4286:
4279:
4273:
4251:
4245:
4235:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4180:
4116:Dutch Surinamese
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4062:African-European
3894:Dutch Surinamese
3890:Dutch Argentines
3886:Dutch Brazilians
3862:Great Depression
3816:Martin Van Buren
3791:2020 U.S. census
3734:Dutch Australian
3703:Dutch Gold Coast
3640:Dutch family in
3581:
3573:
3565:
3555:
3454:
3448:
3423:
3414:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3044:ancestral origin
2893:Hanseatic League
2887:, or today; the
2814:" as the rivers
2770:western Michigan
2745:
2736:
2695:
2673:Hiberno-Scottish
2630:Dutch literature
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2562:De Keyzer/Keizer
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2449:
2431:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2389:
2195:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2157:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1897:
1842:Martin Van Buren
1708:
1687:A Dutch speaker.
1685:
1652: Other (3%)
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1508:
1480:
1449:
1261:Peace of Münster
1257:Union of Utrecht
1216:Dutch Golden Age
1173:Mary of Burgundy
1165:Charles the Bold
1086:
1078:
1070:
823:Migration Period
819:Germanic peoples
633:
632:
631:
629:
628:
580:
567:, a traditional
547:
537:
523:
480:
106:
93:
72:
69:
59:
56:
48:Total population
42:
34:
30:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9436:
9423:
9416:
9403:
9357:Public holidays
9243:
9210:
9144:
8979:
8975:Zuiderzee Works
8877:
8858:Great Recession
8737:Frisian Freedom
8709:Frisian Kingdom
8650:Germanic tribes
8636:
8626:
8620:
8590:
8585:
8564:
8543:
8467:
8402:
8364:
8328:
8290:
8232:
8227:
8183:
8178:
8129:Wayback Machine
8048:Wayback Machine
8037:Wayback Machine
8020:
8018:Further reading
8015:
8014:
8003:
7999:
7987:
7983:
7973:
7971:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7947:
7943:
7927:
7926:
7919:
7917:
7908:
7907:
7903:
7893:
7891:
7882:
7881:
7877:
7867:
7865:
7852:
7851:
7847:
7837:
7835:
7822:
7821:
7817:
7807:
7805:
7792:
7791:
7787:
7777:
7775:
7764:
7757:
7747:
7745:
7732:
7731:
7724:
7714:
7712:
7697:
7693:
7688:on 8 July 2013.
7682:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7631:
7627:
7622:Wayback Machine
7612:
7605:
7585:Willems, Wim, '
7582:
7581:
7577:
7567:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7535:
7534:
7524:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7483:
7481:
7468:
7467:
7463:
7453:
7451:
7450:on 24 June 2012
7442:
7441:
7437:
7430:
7410:
7403:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7336:
7332:
7321:
7317:
7306:
7302:
7291:
7278:
7269:Fryxell, Cole.
7267:
7260:
7253:
7239:
7232:
7222:
7220:
7211:
7210:
7206:
7196:
7194:
7187:
7171:
7167:
7151:
7150:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7097:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7046:
7042:
7032:
7030:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7002:
7000:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6973:
6969:
6923:
6919:
6873:
6866:
6856:
6854:
6847:
6831:
6827:
6821:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6787:
6769:
6765:
6760:
6756:
6743:
6739:
6729:
6727:
6714:
6713:
6709:
6698:
6694:
6679:10.2307/3773438
6663:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6647:
6634:
6632:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6609:
6602:
6592:
6585:
6576:
6569:
6564:
6560:
6554:
6546:
6542:
6532:
6530:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6497:
6490:
6480:Wayback Machine
6471:
6467:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6445:Wayback Machine
6433:Wayback Machine
6390:Wayback Machine
6369:
6365:
6360:Wayback Machine
6345:
6341:
6331:
6329:
6314:
6310:
6300:
6298:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6270:
6268:
6257:
6253:
6243:
6241:
6232:
6231:
6227:
6213:
6209:
6199:
6197:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6160:See J. Verdam,
6159:
6155:
6149:
6115:
6111:
6105:Wayback Machine
6096:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6065:
6061:
6047:
6043:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:Wayback Machine
5997:
5993:
5987:
5984:Wayback Machine
5964:
5960:
5954:Wayback Machine
5940:
5936:
5930:Wayback Machine
5917:
5913:
5905:and many other
5896:
5892:
5881:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5858:
5856:
5849:When in Holland
5841:
5837:
5827:
5825:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5753:Cf. G. Parker,
5752:
5748:
5738:
5736:
5729:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5692:
5685:
5676:Wayback Machine
5667:
5663:
5653:Wayback Machine
5644:
5640:
5625:Wayback Machine
5616:
5612:
5585:Wayback Machine
5576:
5572:
5566:Wayback Machine
5557:
5553:
5547:Wayback Machine
5538:
5534:
5528:Wayback Machine
5519:
5515:
5510:Wayback Machine
5500:
5496:
5487:Wayback Machine
5478:
5474:
5464:Wayback Machine
5455:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5421:
5417:
5408:Wayback Machine
5399:
5395:
5389:Wayback Machine
5379:
5375:
5354:
5350:
5340:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5319:Wayback Machine
5310:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5264:D.J. Noordam, "
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5234:
5230:
5215:
5211:
5203:
5193:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5147:Wayback Machine
5128:
5124:
5114:
5112:
5105:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5010:
5008:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4938:taal.phileon.nl
4932:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4878:taal.phileon.nl
4872:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4823:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4767:
4766:
4759:
4757:
4756:on 3 March 2016
4753:
4746:
4744:"Archived copy"
4742:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4711:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4677:
4676:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4514:
4512:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4425:
4421:
4415:Wayback Machine
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4355:
4350:. 2 June 2023.
4342:
4341:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4307:, is spoken by
4302:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4280:
4276:
4252:
4248:
4240:, a variety of
4238:Dutch Low Saxon
4236:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4181:
4174:
4169:
4146:New Netherlands
4081:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4042:Dutch provinces
3961:), Pernambuco,
3896:
3884:Main articles:
3882:
3843:Dutch Americans
3836:Schuyler family
3787:Dutch Americans
3779:
3777:Dutch Canadians
3773:Dutch Americans
3771:Main articles:
3769:
3740:
3728:Main articles:
3710:
3705:
3691:
3685:
3680:
3634:
3622:Main articles:
3620:
3614:living abroad.
3556:in South Africa
3534:Edict of Nantes
3495:
3479:Main articles:
3461:
3459:Southern Africa
3455:) to this day.
3380:Peter the Great
3238:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210: + 100,000
3207:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3180:
3106:
3100:
3028:
3022:
2958:
2919:
2907:Main articles:
2905:
2877:Dutch Low Saxon
2857:fall of Antwerp
2833:
2790:
2762:Roman Catholics
2755:
2743:
2741:
2734:
2669:Celtic elements
2661:
2655:
2649:
2644:
2610:
2596:
2589:('born naked').
2541:('Cuckoo') and
2372:Jacob Willemsen
2353:
2293:
2262:(mainly in the
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2069:
2049:, a cognate of
2021:meaning shifted
1939:Old High German
1918:
1912:
1827:Dutch phonology
1695:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1498:
1426:
1393:
1381:The Netherlands
1343:
1323:
1321:Ethnic identity
1299:
1293:
1228:
1180:Great Privilege
1134:
1120:
1106:Philip the Bold
1052:
1038:
982:Frankish Empire
976:) converted to
964:Linguistically
907:Germanic tribes
891:
877:
841:Common Germanic
829:
815:
802:
797:
785:Main articles:
783:
623:
620:
619:
604:
561:Roman Catholics
555:, with notable
513:
508:
470:
469:
464:
442:
433:
424:
420:
418:Dutch Low Saxon
416:
410:
103:Faciliteitenwet
96:
95:
91:
70:
61:
57:
43:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9471:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9422:
9421:
9413:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9401:
9396:
9395:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9297:Cultural icons
9294:
9293:
9292:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9261:
9255:
9249:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9241:
9239:Road transport
9236:
9234:Rail transport
9231:
9226:
9220:
9218:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9162:
9156:
9150:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9130:Prime Minister
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9105:Municipalities
9102:
9097:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9080:
9075:
9074:
9073:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9011:Climate change
9008:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8981:
8980:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8915:Extreme points
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8839:
8838:
8833:
8823:
8821:United Kingdom
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8786:Dutch Republic
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8739:
8726:
8724:Lower Lorraine
8721:
8719:Middle Francia
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8692:
8679:
8674:
8657:
8652:
8646:
8644:
8638:
8637:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8625: articles
8619:
8618:
8611:
8604:
8596:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8570:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8485:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8421:
8410:
8408:
8404:
8403:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8388:
8378:
8372:
8370:
8366:
8365:
8363:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8305:
8303:
8296:
8292:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8286:South Africans
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8246:
8240:
8238:
8234:
8233:
8226:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8182:
8181:External links
8179:
8177:
8176:
8159:
8152:
8138:
8131:
8120:(2nd ed. 2007)
8114:
8099:
8085:
8078:
8064:
8050:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8012:
7997:
7981:
7951:
7941:
7901:
7875:
7845:
7815:
7785:
7755:
7722:
7691:
7680:
7660:
7649:on 16 May 2012
7634:
7625:
7603:
7575:
7549:
7517:
7491:
7461:
7435:
7428:
7401:
7388:
7381:
7355:
7348:
7330:
7315:
7300:
7276:
7258:
7251:
7230:
7204:
7185:
7165:
7137:
7111:
7083:
7062:10.1086/212889
7056:(2): 159–186.
7040:
7023:Home.planet.nl
7010:
6984:
6967:
6938:(6): 455–467.
6917:
6864:
6845:
6825:
6800:
6791:
6763:
6754:
6737:
6707:
6704:. p. 168.
6692:
6657:
6645:
6612:
6600:
6583:
6567:
6558:
6540:
6529:on 6 July 2017
6507:
6488:
6465:
6453:
6363:
6339:
6308:
6278:
6251:
6225:
6207:
6177:
6153:
6109:
6090:
6081:
6059:
6041:
6018:
5991:
5958:
5934:
5911:
5890:
5875:
5866:
5835:
5805:
5788:Neerlandistiek
5774:
5765:
5763:(1988), 17 ff.
5746:
5727:
5707:
5683:
5661:
5638:
5610:
5570:
5551:
5532:
5513:
5494:
5472:
5449:
5435:
5415:
5393:
5373:
5348:
5326:
5304:
5278:
5257:
5248:
5228:
5209:
5182:
5150:
5122:
5103:
5083:
5053:
5018:
4988:
4955:
4925:
4895:
4865:
4833:
4807:
4781:
4735:
4714:Joshua Project
4700:
4645:
4615:
4584:
4554:
4543:on 6 July 2017
4522:
4492:
4475:"ABS Ancestry"
4466:
4436:
4419:
4397:
4365:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4303:Papiamento, a
4296:
4287:
4274:
4258:Low Franconian
4246:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4215:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Dutch American
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:Flemish people
4118:
4113:
4108:
4106:Dutch Mexicans
4103:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4070:
4067:
4019:Rio de Janeiro
3979:Espírito Santo
3951:Dutch Republic
3881:
3878:
3832:George W. Bush
3785:Population of
3768:
3765:
3757:metal industry
3709:
3706:
3689:White Ghanaian
3687:Main article:
3684:
3681:
3652:, Taiwan, and
3650:Southeast Asia
3632:Burgher people
3619:
3618:Southeast Asia
3616:
3527:Cape Coloureds
3460:
3457:
3388:Dutch Reformed
3360:Russian Empire
3278:Teutonic Order
3254:Polabian Slavs
3237:
3234:
3218:
3216: + 10,000
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3184:Dutch diaspora
3182:Main article:
3179:
3178:Dutch diaspora
3176:
3161:South and the
3099:
3096:
3075:were oppressed
3024:Main article:
3021:
3018:
2957:
2954:
2942:North Frisians
2904:
2901:
2832:
2829:
2789:
2786:
2742:
2733:
2651:Main article:
2648:
2645:
2606:Main article:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2529:('The Lion'),
2521:
2520:('the brave').
2489:
2459:
2432:translated as
2399:tussenvoegsels
2391:
2386:tussenvoegsels
2364:Willem Janssen
2352:
2349:
2292:
2289:
2260:Dutch diaspora
2190:, "the"), and
2155:tussenvoegsels
2140:), which is a
2135:between-joiner
2113:
2112:Tussenvoegsels
2110:
2105:Main article:
2102:
2099:
2056:both meaning "
2029:Dutch language
1914:Main article:
1911:
1908:
1874:European Union
1856:(Netherlands,
1839:U.S. president
1775:long compounds
1693:Dutch language
1691:Main article:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1562:
1558:Dutch ancestry
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1503:Dutch ancestry
1497:
1494:
1425:
1422:
1401:European Union
1392:
1389:
1342:
1339:
1322:
1319:
1295:Main article:
1292:
1289:
1269:Dutch Republic
1249:Habsburg Spain
1227:
1224:
1185:States-General
1169:death at Nancy
1119:
1116:
1037:
1034:
1019:in France and
950:Egmond Gospels
876:
873:
814:
811:
801:
798:
782:
779:
712:Dutch Republic
644:Dutch language
638:native to the
606:
605:
603:
602:
591:Cape Coloureds
572:
539:
529:
514:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
490:
487:
486:
482:
481:
473:Roman Catholic
457:
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451:
403:
402:
398:
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388:
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328:
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192:United Kingdom
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138:
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118:
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108:
107:
87:
86:
82:
81:
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49:
45:
44:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9470:
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9448:
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9343:
9340:
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9330:
9328:
9325:
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9305:
9303:
9300:
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9286:
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9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
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9266:
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9262:
9259:
9256:
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9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
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9225:
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9221:
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9207:
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9151:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9115:Republicanism
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9094:
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9086:
9085:
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8958:
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8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8920:Flood control
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8892:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8831:Nazi invasion
8829:
8828:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8811:Incorporation
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
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8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
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8712:
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8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8680:
8678:
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8669:
8665:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
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8645:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8629:
8624:
8617:
8612:
8610:
8605:
8603:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:South America
8567:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:North America
8546:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8515:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8506:
8503:
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8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
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8461:
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8456:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
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8429:
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8417:
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8411:
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8399:
8396:
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8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8314:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8293:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8271:Cape Verdeans
8269:
8267:
8264:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8224:
8219:
8217:
8212:
8210:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8194:
8189:
8185:
8184:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8165:
8160:
8157:
8153:
8151:
8150:0-252-01931-8
8147:
8143:
8139:
8136:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8123:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8111:1-904744-95-8
8108:
8104:
8100:
8098:
8097:0-8057-3214-4
8094:
8090:
8086:
8083:
8079:
8077:
8076:0-208-01338-5
8073:
8069:
8065:
8063:
8062:1-902825-25-X
8059:
8055:
8052:Bolt, Rodney.
8051:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8031:
8028:(2006) 504pp
8027:
8023:
8022:
8009:. p. 35.
8008:
8001:
7994:
7990:
7985:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7945:
7937:
7931:
7915:
7911:
7905:
7889:
7885:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7849:
7834:on 7 May 2016
7833:
7829:
7825:
7819:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7773:
7769:
7762:
7760:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7710:
7706:
7705:Andere Tijden
7702:
7695:
7687:
7683:
7681:0-919045-15-4
7677:
7673:
7672:
7664:
7648:
7644:
7638:
7629:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7610:
7608:
7601:
7600:90-351-2361-1
7597:
7593:
7589:
7579:
7563:
7559:
7553:
7545:
7539:
7531:
7527:
7521:
7505:
7501:
7495:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7465:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7431:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7416:
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7406:
7398:
7392:
7384:
7378:
7374:
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7368:
7359:
7351:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7326:
7319:
7311:
7304:
7296:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7272:
7265:
7263:
7254:
7252:0-620-14537-4
7248:
7244:
7237:
7235:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7178:
7177:
7169:
7161:
7155:
7147:
7141:
7125:
7121:
7115:
7107:
7101:
7093:
7087:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7014:
6998:
6994:
6988:
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6977:
6971:
6963:
6959:
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6937:
6933:
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6913:
6909:
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6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6871:
6869:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6829:
6819:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6795:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6776:90-5573-688-0
6773:
6767:
6758:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6703:
6696:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6661:
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6630:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6607:
6605:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6580:
6574:
6572:
6562:
6551:
6544:
6528:
6524:
6517:
6511:
6505:
6504:0-19-820734-4
6501:
6495:
6493:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6469:
6457:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6421:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6397:
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6391:
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6384:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6266:
6262:
6255:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6170:
6164:
6157:
6146:
6141:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6094:
6085:
6078:
6077:autobiography
6073:
6069:
6063:
6056:
6052:
6045:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6022:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:Taaluniversum
5995:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5899:Pan-Germanism
5894:
5886:
5879:
5870:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5839:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5778:
5769:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5711:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5665:
5659:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5633:
5632:conjurationes
5626:
5622:
5619:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5574:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5555:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5517:
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5503:
5498:
5492:
5488:
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5481:
5476:
5469:
5465:
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5458:
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5438:
5432:
5428:
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5413:
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5364:
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5352:
5336:
5330:
5320:
5316:
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5308:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5274:
5268:
5261:
5252:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5225:archive.today
5222:
5219:
5216:According to
5213:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5167:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:. JHU Press.
5096:
5095:
5087:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5038:
5031:
5030:
5022:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4869:
4850:
4843:
4837:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4777:
4771:
4752:
4745:
4739:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4603:
4600:(in French).
4599:
4595:
4588:
4572:
4568:
4567:Teara.govt.nz
4564:
4558:
4539:
4532:
4526:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4454:
4450:
4449:Statcan.gc.ca
4446:
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4429:
4423:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4339:
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4333:
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4278:
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4259:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4219:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4196:United States
4193:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:Dutch culture
4159:
4157:
4156:Dutch cuisine
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:Dutch Chilean
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4073:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3880:South America
3877:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:Canadian west
3848:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3767:North America
3764:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3690:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3309:Low Countries
3306:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3230:
3222: + 1,000
3190:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3168:
3167:non-religious
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2990:Kleverlandish
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:up until the
2971:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:East Frisians
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:West Frisians
2918:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2885:South Holland
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:, especially
2846:
2845:Protestantism
2837:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2806:colloquialism
2802:
2800:
2796:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2749:
2748:Protestantism
2740:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2622:Dutch cuisine
2619:
2615:
2609:
2608:Dutch culture
2600:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2381:
2380:Low Countries
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2347:for example.
2346:
2343:both meaning
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:an Gogh, mr.
2223:
2219:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2122:
2121:
2120:tussenvoegsel
2108:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1561:
1559:
1551:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1263:, ending the
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1220:Dutch culture
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:creating the
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:Consolidation
1115:
1112:
1111:Guelders Wars
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:gallicisation
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
956:and his wife
955:
951:
946:
942:
940:
936:
935:Salian Franks
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
900:
895:
890:
886:
882:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
824:
820:
810:
807:
796:
792:
788:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:Protestantism
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:Low Countries
689:
688:United States
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
627:
617:
613:
600:
597:. They speak
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
578:
573:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
535:
530:
527:
522:
521:
516:
515:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
478:
474:
468:
463:
458:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
323:
319:
315:
313:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
273:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
143:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
123:
119:
115:
113:
112:United States
109:
104:
100:
88:
83:
77:
73:
64:
60:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
9453:Dutch people
9382:Coat of arms
9352:Prostitution
9341:
9265:Architecture
9206:Trade unions
9186:Polder model
9171:Central bank
9140:Water boards
9066:Human rights
9056:Homelessness
9026:Demographics
9016:Constitution
8826:World War II
8816:Principality
8632:Part of the
8504:
8195:at Wikiquote
8193:Dutch people
8162:
8155:
8141:
8140:Kroes, Rob.
8134:
8117:
8102:
8101:Hunt, John.
8088:
8081:
8067:
8053:
8025:
8006:
8000:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7972:. Retrieved
7963:
7954:
7944:
7918:. Retrieved
7913:
7904:
7892:. Retrieved
7878:
7866:. Retrieved
7862:the original
7857:
7848:
7836:. Retrieved
7832:the original
7827:
7818:
7806:. Retrieved
7797:
7788:
7776:. Retrieved
7772:the original
7746:. Retrieved
7742:the original
7737:
7715:12 September
7713:. Retrieved
7707:(in Dutch).
7704:
7694:
7686:the original
7670:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7647:the original
7637:
7628:
7591:
7578:
7566:. Retrieved
7562:the original
7552:
7529:
7520:
7510:10 September
7508:. Retrieved
7504:the original
7494:
7484:10 September
7482:. Retrieved
7473:
7464:
7454:10 September
7452:. Retrieved
7448:the original
7438:
7414:
7396:
7391:
7366:
7358:
7339:
7333:
7324:
7318:
7309:
7303:
7294:
7270:
7242:
7221:. Retrieved
7217:the original
7207:
7195:. Retrieved
7175:
7168:
7145:
7140:
7128:. Retrieved
7124:the original
7114:
7091:
7086:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7031:. Retrieved
7022:
7013:
7001:. Retrieved
6997:the original
6987:
6970:
6935:
6931:
6920:
6885:
6881:
6855:. Retrieved
6835:
6828:
6820:; page 383.
6803:
6794:
6783:
6779:
6766:
6757:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6728:. Retrieved
6720:CBS Statline
6719:
6710:
6701:
6695:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6648:
6640:
6633:. Retrieved
6624:
6615:
6561:
6543:
6531:. Retrieved
6527:the original
6522:
6510:
6468:
6456:
6424:
6381:
6366:
6342:
6332:12 September
6330:. Retrieved
6324:(in Dutch).
6321:
6311:
6301:12 September
6299:. Retrieved
6293:(in Dutch).
6290:
6281:
6269:. Retrieved
6254:
6242:. Retrieved
6238:the original
6228:
6220:
6210:
6198:. Retrieved
6189:
6180:
6156:
6112:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6071:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6036:the original
6031:
6021:
5994:
5961:
5937:
5914:
5893:
5878:
5869:
5857:. Retrieved
5851:(in Dutch).
5848:
5838:
5826:. Retrieved
5817:
5808:
5796:. Retrieved
5790:(in Dutch).
5787:
5777:
5768:
5754:
5749:
5737:. Retrieved
5717:
5710:
5699:
5679:
5664:
5656:
5641:
5628:
5613:
5588:
5573:
5554:
5535:
5516:
5497:
5490:
5475:
5467:
5452:
5440:. Retrieved
5425:
5418:
5411:
5396:
5376:
5351:
5339:. Retrieved
5329:
5307:
5295:. Retrieved
5281:
5260:
5251:
5231:
5212:
5201:the original
5173:. Retrieved
5153:
5125:
5113:. Retrieved
5093:
5086:
5074:. Retrieved
5065:
5056:
5044:. Retrieved
5028:
5021:
5009:. Retrieved
5003:(in Dutch).
5000:
4991:
4979:. Retrieved
4973:(in Dutch).
4970:
4946:. Retrieved
4942:the original
4937:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4910:(in Dutch).
4907:
4898:
4886:. Retrieved
4882:the original
4877:
4868:
4856:. Retrieved
4836:
4824:. Retrieved
4820:the original
4810:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:the original
4784:
4758:. Retrieved
4751:the original
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4691:. Retrieved
4682:
4636:. Retrieved
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4597:
4587:
4577:10 September
4575:. Retrieved
4566:
4557:
4545:. Retrieved
4538:the original
4525:
4513:. Retrieved
4504:
4495:
4483:. Retrieved
4469:
4457:. Retrieved
4448:
4439:
4422:
4404:
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4377:
4368:
4356:. Retrieved
4346:(in Dutch).
4299:
4290:
4277:
4249:
4233:
4218:
4207:
4204:South Africa
4096:Dutch Brazil
4037:
4035:
4027:Tres Arroyos
4023:
4015:Minas Gerais
3975:Center-South
3939:Dutch Brazil
3928:
3913:
3859:
3840:
3813:
3806:
3795:
3761:
3753:agricultural
3748:World War II
3741:
3720:arriving in
3692:
3647:
3612:
3584:
3559:
3552:Voortrekkers
3531:
3507:South Africa
3496:
3467:Traditional
3439:for example
3384:
3353:
3343:. After the
3340:
3311:(especially
3302:
3297:
3239:
3226:
3172:homozygosity
3152:
3143:homozygosity
3134:major rivers
3131:
3119:
3068:
3052:
3029:
3005:
3002:West Flemish
2974:Dutch Revolt
2967:
2950:
2935:
2920:
2842:
2825:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2758:
2712:
2681:
2662:
2586:Naaktgeboren
2574:Blauw/Blaauw
2553:('Prince'),
2473:
2469:
2465:
2452:Van der Bilt
2451:
2433:
2419:
2415:
2375:
2367:
2354:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2278:
2275:van der Bilt
2274:
2271:
2268:Francophonie
2253:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:van den Berg
2170:"from/of"),
2115:
2074:
2062:near the sea
2061:
2057:
2053:
2040:Nederlanders
2034:Nederlanders
2026:
2016:
2002:
1970:Anglo-Saxons
1921:
1919:
1882:South Africa
1868:), Belgium,
1862:Sint Maarten
1847:
1831:
1815:West-Flemish
1798:East Flemish
1790:West-Flemish
1783:
1752:
1742:
1714:West Frisian
1711:
1696:
1555:
1514:
1499:
1491:
1452:
1444:, who wrote
1438:Pan-Germanic
1427:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:World War II
1394:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1362:
1350:
1347:Nederlanders
1346:
1344:
1300:
1297:Dutch Empire
1291:Dutch Empire
1281:Francophones
1241:
1212:Dutch Revolt
1193:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1128:Dutch Revolt
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:water boards
1088:
1075:Roelantslied
1071:(1150), the
1057:
1053:
1050:Middle Dutch
990:
978:Christianity
966:Old Frankish
963:
931:Roman Empire
904:
885:Old Frankish
869:Christianity
861:Roman Empire
830:
806:ethnogenesis
803:
751:Christianity
724:
722:took place.
716:urbanisation
680:South Africa
636:ethnic group
626:Nederlanders
611:
609:
575:
559:minorities.
542:
532:
518:
426:West Frisian
122:South Africa
66:
53:
40:Nederlanders
28:Ethnic group
25:
9399:Terminology
9347:Pornography
9088:Enforcement
9078:Immigration
9051:Health care
9031:Drug policy
8910:Earthquakes
8905:Delta Works
8766:Renaissance
8672:Cananefates
8623:Netherlands
8381:Indonesians
8313:Hongkongers
7858:Parceria.nl
6673:(1): 1–14.
6372:anglophones
6119:Nederlander
5973:(Old) Dutch
5909:of the day.
5903:Pan-Slavism
5859:1 September
5828:1 September
5798:1 September
5604:universitas
5363:Pieter Geyl
5115:10 November
5046:12 December
4693:23 February
4505:Destatis.de
4390:1 September
4358:20 December
4188:New Zealand
3971:Netherlands
3959:João Pessoa
3874:close links
3830:(41st) and
3683:West Africa
3624:Indo people
3563:vrijburgers
3433:Low) German
3364:Volga River
3274:Mecklenburg
3262:Brandenburg
3240:During the
3155:segregation
3079:francophone
3071:nationalism
3048:origin myth
3032:ethnography
2970:Middle Ages
2897:Netherlands
2865:Netherlands
2795:Pieter Geyl
2766:Protestants
2693:hagenpreken
2684:Reformation
2634:Dutch music
2535:('Birds'),
2438:upper class
2150:family name
2091:, the term
1948:Old English
1904:orthography
1663:Linguistics
1442:Pieter Geyl
1379:instead of
1367:instead of
1335:Netherlands
1036:Convergence
1009:Gallo-Roman
986:Charlemagne
974:upper class
767:agnosticism
755:Catholicism
684:New Zealand
640:Netherlands
551:are mainly
526:expatriates
462:irreligious
439:BES Islands
222:Switzerland
172:New Zealand
90:Netherlands
9447:Categories
9322:Literature
9312:Irreligion
9120:Parliament
9046:Euthanasia
9021:Corruption
8791:Golden Age
8581:Uruguayans
8576:Surinamese
8560:Curaçaoans
8539:Portuguese
8534:Norwegians
8398:Vietnamese
8355:Pakistanis
7583:(in Dutch)
6822:(in Dutch)
6788:(in Dutch)
6722:. cbs.nl.
6654:(in Dutch)
6555:(in Dutch)
6462:(in Dutch)
6244:6 November
6174:(in Dutch)
6150:(in Dutch)
6138:and Dutch
6015:(in Dutch)
5988:(in Dutch)
5704:(in Dutch)
5598:corporatio
5592:communitas
5323:(in Dutch)
5076:17 October
4515:31 January
4323:References
4313:Curaçaoans
4254:Limburgish
4242:Low German
4212:(in Dutch)
4046:Gelderland
3991:Pernambuco
3943:Pernambuco
3866:war brides
3845:among the
3701:See also:
3676:See also:
3587:Cape Dutch
3578:Afrikaners
3499:Portuguese
3485:Cape Dutch
3473:Swellendam
3356:Mennonites
3354:The Dutch
3305:Mennonites
3286:Baltic Sea
3163:Protestant
3102:See also:
2994:Limburgish
2946:statistics
2577:('blue'),
2559:('King'),
2517:De Dappere
2284:Vanderbilt
2180:, "the"),
2146:given name
2107:Dutch name
2094:Nederlands
1916:Theodiscus
1876:, and the
1825:(see also
1806:Limburgish
1745:diphthongs
1705:Lex salica
1496:Statistics
1477:Neuordnung
1417:allochtoon
1412:autochtoon
1351:Hollanders
1331:Middelburg
1099:Nederlands
927:Chattuarii
865:conversion
583:Afrikaners
494:Afrikaners
477:Protestant
444:Papiamento
422:Limburgish
406:Primarily
322:Luxembourg
94:16,366,000
9317:Languages
9216:Transport
9166:AEX index
9110:Provinces
9093:Law Firms
9041:Elections
9036:Education
8965:Volcanoes
8925:Gas field
8883:Geography
8655:Roman Era
8522:Huguenots
8483:Albanians
8451:Sephardim
8436:Assyrians
8431:Armenians
8391:Moluccans
8376:Filipinos
8369:Southeast
8276:Nigerians
8259:Moroccans
8254:Egyptians
7974:30 August
7920:30 August
7868:30 August
7838:30 August
7808:30 August
7748:30 August
7653:27 August
7592:1945–1995
7568:27 August
7154:cite book
7130:27 August
7100:cite book
7078:145644640
7003:27 August
6857:27 August
6730:2 January
6667:Ethnology
6635:5 January
6291:Onze Taal
6271:15 August
6200:7 October
5943:Waffen SS
5739:27 August
5297:27 August
5175:27 August
5129:Based on
5011:3 January
4981:3 January
4948:3 January
4918:3 January
4888:3 January
4485:16 August
4459:7 January
4408:Afrikaner
4200:Argentina
4184:Australia
4091:Afrikaner
4054:Groningen
3995:São Paulo
3931:Europeans
3920:Argentina
3744:Europeans
3722:Australia
3658:Sri Lanka
3595:Afrikaans
3570:trekboers
3538:Huguenots
3515:Cape Town
3497:Although
3481:Afrikaner
3376:Anna Mons
3341:Hollander
3325:Pomerelia
3319:) to the
3313:Friesland
3229:emigrants
3064:Bavarians
3056:Austrians
2986:Brabantic
2978:Habsburgs
2927:Friesland
2913:Friesland
2873:Zeelandic
2869:Hollandic
2853:pragmatic
2849:Calvinism
2752:Calvinist
2638:Dutch art
2571:('red'),
2498:or other
2402:, mainly
2228:an Gogh,
2196:(e.g. A.
2186:(e.g. A.
2176:(e.g. A.
2166:(e.g. A.
2079:is being
1890:Afrikaans
1819:Zeelandic
1810:Low Saxon
1802:Brabantic
1794:Zeelandic
1786:Hollandic
1779:profanity
1624:Australia
1614:Indonesia
1463:Verdinaso
1371:, as the
1218:in which
1189:Philip IV
1001:Rhineland
997:Austrasia
970:Old Dutch
939:foederati
889:Old Dutch
833:autocracy
827:Foederati
800:Emergence
739:Rembrandt
704:Habsburgs
676:Australia
664:Argentina
634:) are an
599:Afrikaans
587:Coloureds
467:Christian
460:Majority
430:Friesland
401:Languages
232:Indonesia
142:Australia
136:1,112,000
126:3,000,000
116:3,083,000
99:Moluccans
9427:Category
9362:Religion
9275:Cannabis
9191:Taxation
9181:Euronext
9135:Military
9001:Abortion
8989:Politics
8746:Guelders
8729:Flanders
8695:Dorestad
8686:Frisians
8510:Frisians
8505:Dutchmen
8498:Walloons
8493:Flemings
8488:Belgians
8441:Iranians
8424:Lebanese
8319:Japanese
8244:Angolans
8125:Archived
8044:Archived
8033:Archived
7968:Archived
7930:cite web
7894:14 April
7888:Archived
7802:Archived
7778:7 August
7709:Archived
7618:Archived
7538:cite web
7478:Archived
7197:20 March
7191:Archived
7027:Archived
6962:23978897
6912:23531865
6851:Archived
6724:Archived
6629:Archived
6476:Archived
6441:Archived
6429:Archived
6386:Archived
6356:Archived
6326:Archived
6295:Archived
6265:Archived
6194:Archived
6140:fascists
6101:Archived
6070:(2005).
6007:Archived
5980:Archived
5950:Archived
5926:Archived
5853:Archived
5822:Archived
5792:Archived
5733:Archived
5698:, entry
5672:Archived
5649:Archived
5621:Archived
5581:Archived
5562:Archived
5543:Archived
5524:Archived
5506:Archived
5483:Archived
5460:Archived
5404:Archived
5385:Archived
5315:Archived
5291:Archived
5221:Archived
5166:Archived
5143:Archived
5109:Archived
5070:Archived
5037:Archived
5005:Archived
4975:Archived
4912:Archived
4849:Archived
4826:7 August
4800:7 August
4770:cite web
4760:18 March
4728:7 August
4722:Archived
4687:Archived
4632:Archived
4602:Archived
4571:Archived
4509:Archived
4479:Archived
4453:Archived
4411:Archived
4384:Archived
4382:. 2021.
4352:Archived
4283:Frisians
4270:Flemings
4069:See also
3935:northern
3924:Suriname
3904:Carambeí
3718:migrants
3660:and the
3523:Khoikhoi
3349:Prussian
3317:Flanders
3159:Catholic
3138:Randstad
3098:Genetics
3036:language
3026:Flemings
3020:Flemings
3012:and the
2909:Frisians
2903:Frisians
2889:Randstad
2799:Randstad
2776:and the
2714:en masse
2701:orations
2698:hedgerow
2688:Westhoek
2647:Religion
2538:Koekkoek
2526:De Leeuw
2511:De Groot
2505:De Lange
2500:features
2466:Molenaar
2291:Spelling
2277:becomes
2252:Vincent
2240:an Gogh-
2214:Vincent
2183:het / ’t
2178:de Vries
2168:van Gogh
2072:template
2060:", and "
1966:Germanic
1870:Suriname
1835:New York
1668:Language
1471:Flanders
1313:and the
1285:Walloons
1245:taxation
1150:Flanders
1101:emerge.
1021:Brussels
993:Neustria
875:Specific
853:Alamanni
763:humanism
747:Van Gogh
698:and the
686:and the
652:Suriname
565:Flanders
557:Lutheran
553:Reformed
504:Frisians
499:Flemings
455:Religion
392:Thailand
362:Suriname
272:Portugal
9418:Outline
9372:Symbols
9285:Cuisine
9253:Culture
9224:Cycling
9201:Tourism
9154:Economy
9100:Monarch
9006:Cabinet
8950:Regions
8940:Mammals
8930:Islands
8742:Brabant
8733:Holland
8699:Utrecht
8664:Chamavi
8642:History
8555:Arubans
8350:Nepalis
8345:Indians
8340:Afghans
8324:Koreans
8309:Chinese
8281:Somalis
8266:Berbers
8039:; also
7420:380–415
7223:8 March
7070:2763957
7033:8 March
6953:3827717
6903:3798851
6876:2013).
6687:3773438
6533:8 March
6486:article
6420:van den
6408:van der
6383:Source.
6221:nether-
6131:Deutsch
6004:website
5700:"Diets"
5442:3 March
5341:17 July
4858:22 July
4638:9 April
4608:19 June
4547:8 March
4309:Arubans
4058:Creoles
4050:Utrecht
4038:boeroes
3963:Alagoas
3955:Paraíba
3855:Toronto
3724:in 1954
3644:c. 1903
3437:exonyms
3400:Viersen
3368:Siberia
3337:Olęders
3333:Masovia
3329:Powiśle
3321:Vistula
3282:Prussia
3270:Hamburg
3258:Holland
3157:of the
3077:by the
3060:Germans
3040:customs
2861:demonym
2594:Culture
2544:Devalck
2456:De Bilt
2341:De Smit
2337:De Smet
2256:an Gogh
2248:en Berg
2232:an Gogh
2218:an Gogh
2209:en Berg
2188:’t Hart
2129:
2051:English
2027:In the
2008:Deutsch
1985:Englisc
1979:þeodisc
1974:England
1952:þeodisc
1943:diutsch
1886:Namibia
1866:Curaçao
1852:of the
1754:hard ch
1740:group.
1718:English
1644:Belgium
1634:Germany
1385:Holland
1377:Holland
1373:Holland
1369:British
1364:English
1158:Holland
1154:Brabant
1067:Elegast
923:Chamavi
849:Vandals
813:General
781:History
771:atheism
743:Vermeer
710:as the
660:Curaçao
448:Bonaire
435:English
342:Austria
332:Hungary
282:Curaçao
212:Denmark
176:100,000
166:121,000
162:Belgium
156:257,000
152:Germany
146:336,000
9432:Portal
9377:Anthem
9342:People
9280:Cinema
9176:Energy
8955:Rivers
8900:Cities
8690:Franks
8682:Saxons
8668:Batavi
8660:Frisii
8529:Greeks
8517:French
8476:Europe
8419:Iraqis
8360:Romani
8237:Africa
8171:
8148:
8137:(1987)
8109:
8095:
8084:(1960)
8074:
8060:
7678:
7598:
7526:"Data"
7426:
7379:
7346:
7249:
7183:
7076:
7068:
6978:
6960:
6950:
6910:
6900:
6843:
6816:
6774:
6685:
6523:Cbs.nl
6502:
6414:van de
6316:DBNL.
6216:neder-
5818:nos.nl
5725:
5433:
5101:
5066:Cbs.nl
4266:German
4194:, the
4192:Canada
4052:, and
3983:Paraná
3945:(then
3916:Brazil
3908:Paraná
3892:, and
3736:, and
3716:Dutch
3630:, and
3519:Sahara
3491:, and
3452:Keulen
3441:Aachen
3430:(High/
3408:German
3404:Cleves
3396:Borken
3392:Cleves
3372:Moscow
3347:, the
3294:Pasłęk
3290:Poland
3266:Bremen
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3092:nation
2915:, and
2875:, and
2746:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2640:, and
2580:De Wit
2532:Vogels
2482:Fisher
2478:Miller
2470:Visser
2411:van de
2054:Nether
2013:German
1992:theudo
1957:Gothic
1934:dietsc
1928:theudo
1872:, the
1864:, and
1722:German
1650:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1604:Brazil
1602:
1600:
1594:France
1592:
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1584:Canada
1582:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1487:Hitler
1432:- and
1130:, and
1048:, and
1013:French
1005:France
919:Chauci
915:Batavi
911:Franks
899:Clovis
887:, and
881:Franks
857:Saxons
845:Franks
825:, and
793:, and
731:dances
720:Europe
696:France
690:. The
672:Canada
668:Brazil
656:Guyana
382:Greece
352:Poland
302:Israel
296:10,000
292:Sweden
286:10,000
276:12,000
266:13,000
256:13,000
252:Norway
246:15,000
242:Turkey
236:17,000
226:20,000
216:30,000
206:48,000
196:56,000
186:60,000
182:France
132:Canada
9367:Sport
9332:Music
9327:Media
8935:Lakes
8895:Birds
8463:Turks
8458:Kurds
8414:Arabs
8386:Indos
8333:South
8249:Arabs
7949:2012.
7699:NTR.
7373:15–37
7074:S2CID
7066:JSTOR
6683:JSTOR
6519:(PDF)
6449:Dutch
6447:, in
6125:Diets
5371:1959.
5204:(PDF)
5169:(PDF)
5162:(PDF)
5040:(PDF)
5033:(PDF)
4852:(PDF)
4845:(PDF)
4754:(PDF)
4747:(PDF)
4592:res.
4541:(PDF)
4534:(PDF)
4262:Dutch
4167:Notes
4003:Ceará
3999:Goiás
3696:Accra
3666:Indos
3654:Japan
3628:Totok
3591:Boers
3560:Some
3548:Boer
3421:Kleef
3417:Dutch
3412:Kleve
3298:Holąd
3250:Saale
3014:Meuse
3010:Rhine
2881:North
2820:Meuse
2816:Rhine
2719:Rhine
2550:Prins
2486:Smith
2345:Smith
2333:Baxcs
2329:Bakxs
2325:Backx
2305:Bacxs
2301:Backs
2220:, V.
2101:Names
2088:Diets
2070:‹The
2046:Neder
2017:Dutch
2003:Duuts
1998:Diets
1990:*
1961:þiuda
1926:*
1922:Dutch
1858:Aruba
1576:(20%)
1467:Nazis
1359:Scots
1355:Welsh
1303:Dutch
1095:Diets
708:Spain
648:Aruba
616:Dutch
612:Dutch
408:Dutch
396:1,000
386:1,000
376:1,000
372:Japan
366:3,000
356:3,000
346:3,200
336:4,000
326:5,000
316:5,000
312:Aruba
306:5,000
262:Italy
202:Spain
32:Dutch
9392:Lion
9387:Flag
9290:Wine
9071:LGBT
8446:Jews
8407:West
8302:East
8295:Asia
8169:ISBN
8146:ISBN
8107:ISBN
8093:ISBN
8072:ISBN
8058:ISBN
7976:2017
7936:link
7922:2017
7896:2016
7870:2017
7840:2017
7810:2017
7780:2014
7750:2017
7717:2023
7676:ISBN
7655:2010
7596:ISBN
7570:2010
7544:link
7512:2012
7486:2012
7456:2012
7424:ISBN
7377:ISBN
7344:ISBN
7247:ISBN
7225:2022
7199:2023
7181:ISBN
7160:link
7132:2010
7106:link
7035:2022
7005:2010
6976:ISBN
6958:PMID
6908:PMID
6859:2010
6841:ISBN
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6772:ISBN
6732:2020
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6334:2023
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6303:2023
6273:2019
6246:2008
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5299:2010
5177:2010
5139:Link
5117:2020
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4860:2023
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4802:2012
4776:link
4762:2015
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4695:2021
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4579:2012
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