Flanders - Knowledge

1301: 1690: 1760: 2572: 3600: 3539: 6417: 3169: 158: 1993: 677: 2518: 2891: 1551: 213: 2068:, "Black" during the war) were prosecuted and punished, among them many Flemish nationalists whose main political goal had been the emancipation of Flanders. As a result, until today Flemish nationalism is often associated with right-wing. Flemish nationalism is however a direct consequence of the events of the years prior to the first World War, in which many were oppressed by the French speaking majority. This ultimately gave way to a rising feeling of cultural autonomy and even a sense of a nationalism. 2298: 6228: 2944: 3266: 3063: 118: 106: 3014: 3666:

as one of the main reasons for the high overall quality of the Flemish education. However, the importance of a school's reputation also makes schools more eager to expel pupils that don't perform well. Resulting in the ethnic differences and the well-known waterfall system: pupils start high in the perceived hierarchy, and then drop towards more professional oriented directions or "easier" schools when they can't handle the pressure any longer.

6271: 6703: 4208: 2833: 6715: 1674:. Spanish troops quickly started fighting the rebels, and the Spanish armies conquered the important trading cities of Bruges and Ghent. Antwerp, which was then the most important port in the world, also had to be conquered. But before the revolt was defeated, a war between Spain and England broke out, forcing Spanish troops to halt their advance. On 17 August 1585, Antwerp fell. This ended the Eighty Years' War for the (from now on) 2206: 3646:. The VSKO determines most practicalities for schools, like the advised schedules per study field. However, there's freedom of education in Flanders, which doesn't only mean that every pupil can choose his/her preferred school, but also that every organisation can found a school, and even be subsidised when abiding the different rules. This resulted also in some smaller school systems follow 'methodical pedagogies' (e.g. 6216: 3274: 3772:) as official Dutch, though the Dutch Language Union never accepted it as standard Dutch. Other proposals by purists were sometimes accepted, and sometimes reverted again in later spelling revisions. As language purists were quite often professionally involved in language (e.g. as a teacher), these unofficial purist translations are found more often in Belgian Dutch texts. 1900:). The nobility, mainly coming from the south, became more and more estranged from their northern colleagues. Resentment grew between the Roman Catholics from the south and the Protestants from the north, and also between the powerful liberal bourgeoisie from the south and their more moderate colleagues from the north. On 25 August 1830 (after the showing of the opera ' 3635:

prove that certain minimal terms are achieved by keeping records of the given lessons and exams. It should however be noted that—at least for the Catholic schools—the religious authorities have very limited power over these schools, neither do the schools have a lot of power on their own. Instead, the Catholic schools are a member of the Catholic umbrella organisation

854:, but this occurred mainly in French-speaking Wallonia. In the second half of the 20th century, and due to massive national investments in port infrastructure, Flanders' economy modernised rapidly, and today Flanders and Brussels are much wealthier than Wallonia, being among the wealthiest regions in Europe and the world. In accordance with late 20th century 3626:. Flanders also scores very high in international comparative studies on education. Its secondary school students consistently rank among the top three for mathematics and science. However, the success is not evenly spread: ethnic minority youth score consistently lower, and the difference is larger than in most comparable countries. 1336:. The region developed as a medieval economic power with a large degree of political autonomy. While its trading cities remained strong, it was weakened and divided when districts fell under direct French royal rule in the late 12th century. The remaining parts of Flanders came under the rule of the counts of neighbouring imperial 3574:, about 47 percent of the Belgian population identify themselves as belonging to the Catholic Church, while Islam is the second-largest religion at 3.5 percent. A 2006 inquiry in Flanders, considered more religious than Wallonia, showed that 55% considered themselves religious, and 36% believed that God created the world. 4583:

Regardless of nationality, according to Belgian Law, obligatory education in schools located in the Flemish Region are in the Dutch language. In Brussels, teaching is also done in French. The determination of statistical samples and interpretation of publicized figures can easily lead to false assumptions or conclusions.

3896:. Their novels mostly describe rural life in Flanders in the 19th century and at beginning of the 20th. Widely read by the older generations, they are considered somewhat old-fashioned by present-day critics. Some famous Flemish writers of the early 20th century wrote in French, including Nobel Prize winners (1911) 3219:, community centres for the Flemish community in Brussels). These institutions are independent from the educational, cultural and social institutions that depend directly on the Flemish Government. They exert, among others, all those cultural competences that outside Brussels fall under the provinces. 3989:

French is declining. Flemish pupils are also obligated to follow English lessons as their third language. Normally from the second secondary year (around 14 years old), but the ubiquity of English in movies, music, IT and even advertisements makes it easier to learn and maintain the English language.

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Many Flemings are also able to speak French, children in Flanders generally get their first French lessons in the 5th primary year (normally around 10 years). But the current lack of French outside the educational context makes it hard to maintain a decent level of French. As such, the proficiency of

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religious—mostly Catholic—branch. For the subsidised schools, the main costs such as the teacher's wages and building maintenance completely borne by the Flemish government. Subsidised schools are also free to determine their own teaching and examination methods, but in exchange, they must be able to

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The area of the Flemish Region is represented on the maps above. It has a population of more than 6 million (excluding the Dutch-speaking community in the Brussels Region, grey on the map for it is not a part of the Flemish Region). Roughly, the Flemish Region is responsible for territorial issues in

1775:, Flanders lost its former economic and intellectual power under Spanish, Austrian, and French rule. Heavy taxation and rigid imperial political control compounded the effects of industrial stagnation and Spanish-Dutch and Franco-Austrian conflict. The Southern Netherlands suffered severely under the 3347:

The Flemish economy is strongly export-oriented, in particular of high value-added goods. The main imports are food products, machinery, rough diamonds, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, clothing and accessories, and textiles. The main exports are automobiles, food and food products, iron

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The big freedom given to schools results in a constant competition to be the "best" school. The schools get certain reputations amongst parents and employers. So it's important for schools to be the best school since the subsidies depend on the number of pupils. This competition has been pinpointed

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to the south. Despite accounting for only 45% of Belgium's territory, more than half the population lives there – 6,821,770 (or 58%) out of 11,763,650 Belgian inhabitants, as of January 2024. Much of Flanders is agriculturally fertile and densely populated at 501/km (1,300/sq mi). The Brussels

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For some inhabitants, Flanders is more than just a geographical area or the federal institutions (Flemish Community and Region). Supporters of the Flemish Movement even call it a nation and pursue Flemish independence, but most people (approximately 75%) living in Flanders say they are proud to be

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The biggest difference between Belgian Dutch and Dutch used in the Netherlands is in the pronunciation of words. The Dutch spoken in the north of the Netherlands is typically described as being "sharper", while Belgian Dutch is "softer". In Belgian Dutch, there are also fewer vowels pronounced as

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with Flemish locals but their accent is enough to immediately distinguish them. The majority of immigrants from certain other countries had belonged to a minority or disadvantaged group there. Children born in Belgium from residents of foreign nationality very often acquired Belgian citizenship.

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The term "Flemish" came to be a term for the language Dutch, and during the 19th and 20th centuries, it became increasingly common to refer exclusively to the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium as "Flanders". Belgium divided itself into official French- and Dutch-speaking parts starting in the early

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Inquiry by 'Vepec', 'Vereniging voor Promotie en Communicatie' (Organisation for Promotion and Communication), published in Knack magazine 22 November 2006 p. 14 [The Dutch language term 'gelovig' is in the text translated as 'religious', more precisely it is a very common word for believing in

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The relation between nationality, genetic ethnicity, native and mainly spoken language(s) (within a group of same ethnicity and age, in presence of elders, in ethnically mixed groups), and minority group identification, can be complex: Dutch nationals constituting one of the largest groups of

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The ambiguity between this wider cultural area and that of the county or province still remains in discussions about the region. In most present-day contexts however, the term Flanders is taken to refer to either the political, social, cultural, and linguistic community (and the corresponding

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share the same parliament and the same government. All these institutions are based in Brussels. Nevertheless, both types of subdivisions (the Community and the Region) still exist legally and the distinction between both is important for the people living in Brussels. Members of the Flemish

2064:, several right-wing fascist and/or national-socialistic parties emerged in Belgium. Since these parties were promised more rights for the Flemings by the German government during World War II, many of them collaborated with the Nazi regime. After the war, collaborators (or people who were 2274:, and the use of the language. Extensions to personal matters less directly associated with language comprise sports, health policy (curative and preventive medicine), and assistance to individuals (protection of youth, social welfare, aid to families, immigrant assistance services, etc.) 2278:

a broad sense, including economy, employment, agriculture, water policy, housing, public works, energy, transport, the environment, town and country planning, nature conservation, credit, and foreign trade. It supervises the provinces, municipalities, and intercommunal utility companies.

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are commonly used to designate all the artistic production in this area before about 1580, after which it refers specifically to the southern Netherlands. For example, the term "Flemish Primitives", now outdated in English but used in French, Dutch and other languages, is a synonym for

3762:. When it comes to spelling, Belgian Dutch language purists historically avoided writing words using a French spelling, or searched for specific translations of words derived from French, while the Dutch often retain the French spelling. For example, the Dutch word "punaise" (English: 3720: 1713:), before being stopped by Spanish troops. The front at the end of this war stabilized and became the border between present-day Belgium and the Netherlands. The Dutch (as they later became known) had managed to reclaim enough of Spanish-controlled Flanders to close off the river 1021:

However, the term came to be used for a bigger territory, and this is critical to the evolution of modern terminology. Once the Counts of Flanders (who were also Dukes of Burgundy) expanded their regional power to create the bigger entity, now referred to by historians as the

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The altitude of Mechelen, approximately in the middle of the central plain forming the large part of Flanders, is 7 m (23 ft) above sea level. Already closer to the higher southern Wallonia, the more eastern Leuven and Hasselt reach altitudes up to about 40 m

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and published in June 2006, 51% of respondents from Brussels claimed to be bilingual, even if they do not have Dutch as their first language. They are governed by the Brussels Region for economics affairs and by the Flemish Community for educational and cultural issues.

1232:, and the modern Flemish provinces of East and West Flanders (Menapii), Brabant and Antwerp (the northern Nervii), and Belgian Limburg (part of the Tungri). Brabant appears to have been separated from the Tungri by a relatively unpopulated forest area, the 3585:. More recently, Muslims have immigrated to Flanders, now forming the largest minority religion with about 3.9% in the Flemish Region and 25% in Brussels. The largest Muslim group is Moroccan in origin, while the second largest is Turkish in origin. 3629:

Mirroring the historical political conflicts between the secular and Catholic segments of the population, the Flemish educational system is split into a secular branch controlled by the communities, the provinces, or the municipalities, and a

3300:, in the 19th century. Initially, the modernization relied heavily on food processing and textile. However, by the 1840s the textile industry of Flanders was in severe crisis and there was famine in Flanders (1846–50). After World War II, 1304:

A Flemish lady and gentleman in the year 1400, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

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in Antwerp for centuries. Regardless of nationality or linguistic background, according to Belgian Law education in schools located in the Flemish Region must be mainly in the Dutch language. In Brussels, teaching is also done in French.

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However, sociological studies show no parallel between the rise of nationalist parties and popular support for their agenda. Instead, a recent study revealed a majority in favour of returning regional competences to the federal level.

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and expanded from there. This county also still corresponds roughly with the modern-day Belgian provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders, along with neighbouring parts of France and the Netherlands. In this period, cities such as

3161:, which have an elected council and a college. While any municipality with more than 100,000 inhabitants can establish districts, only Antwerp did this so far. The smallest municipality (also both in terms of population and area) is 5105: 5075: 2717:

basin starts the central plain, a smooth, slowly rising fertile area irrigated by many waterways that reaches an average height of about five metres (16 feet) above sea level with wide valleys of its rivers upstream as well as the

2538:. Mostly students claim to be proud of their nationality, with 90% of them saying so. Of the people older than 55, 31% claim to be proud of being a Belgian. Particular opposition to secession comes from women, people employed in 3977:, French is the only official language and now the native language of the majority of the population, but there is still a minority of Dutch-speakers living there. French is also the primary language in the officially bilingual 3367:

plant is the largest BASF-base outside Germany, and accounts on its own for about 2% of Belgian exports. Other industrial and service activities in Antwerp include car manufacturing, telecommunications, photographic products.

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The war strengthened Flemish identity and consciousness. The occupying German authorities took several Flemish-friendly measures. The resulting suffering of the war is remembered by Flemish organizations during the yearly

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sent the economy into a recession. The steel industry remained in relatively good shape. In the 1980s and 90s, the economic centre of Belgium continued to shift further to Flanders and is now concentrated in the populous

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of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a sophisticated culture developed, with impressive art and architecture, rivaling those of northern Italy. Ghent, Bruges, Ypres and the

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became an administrative province. The future counties of Flanders and Brabant remained part of this province connected to what is now France, but in the east modern Limburg became part of the Rhine frontier province of

2243:, as the Community legally absorbed the competences of the Region. The parliament is a directly elected legislative body composed of 124 representatives. The government consists of up to 11 members and is presided by a 4521:

Although this original meaning is still relevant, in modern times the term "Flanders" came to refer to a larger area, and is used to refer to the entire Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, stretching all the way to the

2769: 4845:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 3239:; the average temperature is 3 °C (37 °F) in January, and 21 °C (70 °F) in July; the average precipitation is 65 millimetres (2.6 inches) in January, and 78 millimetres (3.1 inches) in July). 2336:

along the borders with French-speaking Wallonia, and a large recognition in the bilingual Brussels Region. French is widely known in Flanders, with 59% claiming to know French according to a survey conducted by

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During the school year 2003–2004, 68.30% of the total population of children between the ages of six and 18 went to subsidized private schools (both religious schools or 'methodical pedagogies' schools).

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In 1873, Dutch became an official language in public secondary schools. In 1898, Dutch and French were declared equal languages in laws and Royal orders. In 1930, the first Flemish university was opened.

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by 1560. Antwerp was the richest city in Europe at this time. According to Luc-Normand Tellier "It is estimated that the port of Antwerp was earning the Spanish crown seven times more revenues than the

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of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a very sophisticated culture developed, with impressive achievements in the arts and architecture, rivaling those of

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cloister (founded 1514) in the St. Andries quarter. Luther, an Augustinian himself, had taught some of the monks, and his works were in print by 1518. The first Lutheran martyrs came from Antwerp. The

678: 3750:), comprising a committee of ministers of the Flemish and Dutch governments, their advisory council of appointed experts, a controlling commission of 22 parliamentarians, and a secretariate. The term 2270:(hatched on the relevant map). Roughly, the Flemish Community exercises competences originally oriented towards the individuals of the Community's language: culture (including audiovisual media), 2285:

in the Capital Region is estimated to be between 11% and 15% (official figures do not exist as there is no language census and no official subnationality). According to a survey conducted by the

1046:, which were the successors of the Burgundian state, and also predecessors of modern Belgium. The restriction of the term Flanders to the Germanic speaking part of the population occurred later. 145: 5948:"Inleiding tot een proefschrift over de activistische tegentraditie in de Vlaamse letteren ('Introduction to a dissertation on the activist tradition in Flemish literature') (descriptive title)" 5306:. Ministry of the Flemish Community, department Environment and Infrastructure (Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium, Flanders Hydraulics Research, Administratie Waterwegen en Zeewezen). Archived from 6750: 5323:

Flanders is covered by the three major catchment basins (Yser, Scheldt and Meuse). This rather lowlying nearly flat region (2 to 150 m (6.6 to 492.1 ft)altitude above sea-level) ...

5113: 5083: 1889:. William I started rapid industrialisation of the southern parts of the Kingdom. But the political system failed to forge a true union between the north and south. Most of the southern 1214:

which covered both French- and Dutch-speaking parts of eastern Belgium. The Tungri were understood to have links to Germanic tribes east of the Rhine. Another notable group were the

146: 891:. For most purposes this is considered to include the 6.5 million Belgians (approximately 60%) who consider Dutch to be their mother tongue, including many people living in the 707:, which can also refer to the collective of Dutch dialects spoken in that area, or more generally the Belgian variant of Standard Dutch. The official capital of Flanders is the 5545: 4844: 695:. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics, and history, and sometimes involving neighbouring countries. The 4604: 6031: 3524:

to the east. On 1 January 2015, the Flemish Region had a population of 6,444,127 and about 15% of the 1,175,173 people in the Brussels Region are also considered Flemish.

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and steel, finished diamonds, textiles, plastics, petroleum products, and non-ferrous metals. Since 1922, Belgium and Luxembourg have been a single trade market within a

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and Flanders indirectly remained part of the French Crown. Flemish prosperity waned in the following century, due to widespread European population decline following the

870:). These entities were merged, although geographically the Flemish Community, which has a broader cultural mandate, covers Brussels, whereas the Flemish Region does not. 5501: 3958:

At the creation of the Belgian state, French was the only official language. Historically Flanders was a Dutch-speaking region. For a long period, French was used as a

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of 1839, but deprived of the eastern half of Limburg (now Dutch Limburg), and the Eastern half of Luxembourg (now the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg). Sovereignty over

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region to the east having sandy soils at altitudes around thirty metres. Near its southern edges close to Wallonia one can find slightly rougher land, richer in

1026:, "Flanders", along with Latin "Belgium", were the first two common names to describe this regional block. With the breakaway of the northern Netherlands in the 1932:. Flanders now became part of the Kingdom of Belgium, which was recognized by the major European Powers on 20 January 1831. The cessation was recognized by the 3619: 1222:

region, in the northern parts of both the Nervian and Tungrian districts, probably stretching into the modern Netherlands. The Roman administrative districts (

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and Flemish literature, often perceived politically, is also made on intrinsic grounds by some experts such as Kris Humbeeck, professor of literature at the

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The "Flemish community" or "Flemish nation", i.e. the social, cultural and linguistic, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the

5683: 175: 1736:. The Flemish exiles helped to rapidly transform Amsterdam into one of the world's most important ports. This is why the exodus is sometimes described as " 5335:

Myriam Dumortier; Luc De Bruyn; Maarten Hens; Johan Peymen; Anik Schneiders; Toon Van Daele; Wouter Van Reeth; Gisèle Weyembergh; Eckhart Kuijken (2006).

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was 20% above the EU average. Flemish productivity per capita is about 13% higher than that in Wallonia, and wages are about 7% higher than in Wallonia.

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Flanders shares its borders with Wallonia in the south, Brussels being an enclave within the Flemish Region. The rest of the border is shared with the

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caused considerable emigration. Many Calvinist merchants of Antwerp and other Flemish cities left Flanders and migrated north. Many of them settled in

692: 93: 4724: 4993: 2542:, the highest social classes and people from big families. Strongest of all opposing the notion are housekeepers—both housewives and house husbands. 3967: 715:

that includes it has an independent regional government. The powers of the government of Flanders consist, among others, of economic affairs in the

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As Roman influence waned, Frankish populations settled in the Tungiran area east of the Silva Carbonaria, and eventually pushed through it under

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and, like elsewhere in Europe, commonly spoken among the aristocracy. There is still a French-speaking minority in Flanders, especially in the

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The altitude ranges from a few meters above sea-level in the Polders to 288 m (945 ft) above sea-level in the south eastern exclave.

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are constitutional institutions of the Kingdom of Belgium, exercising certain powers within their jurisdiction, granted following a series of

5914: 3194:. Brussels, an enclave within the province of Flemish Brabant, is not divided into any province nor is it part of any. It coincides with the 3034: 2095: 1701:

During the war with England, the rebels from the north, strengthened by refugees from the south, started a campaign to reclaim areas lost to

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Association football (soccer) is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo.

1833:. Obligatory (French) army service for all men aged 16–25 years was a main reason for the uprising against the French in 1798, known as the 1666:, which meant that they would accept the Spanish government on condition of more freedom. But the northern part of the provinces signed the 6519: 5609: 4004: 3376: 2791: 2763: 2090:

After World War II, the differences between Dutch-speaking and French-speaking Belgians became clear in a number of conflicts, such as the

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river delta, was left with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which was allowed to levy a toll on all traffic to Antwerp harbour until 1863.

5871: 5467: 4924: 3768:) is derived directly from the French language. Belgian Dutch language purists have lobbied to accept the word "duimspijker" (literally: 6189: 4963: 2167:, where CD&V and N-VA were the clear winners in Flanders, and N-VA became even the largest party in Flanders and Belgium during the 1112:

Within this Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, French has never ceased to be spoken by some citizens, and Jewish groups have been speaking

2172: 2094:, the question whether King Leopold III should return (which most Flemings supported but Walloons did not) and the use of Dutch in the 5950:(in Dutch). Mededelingen van het Centrum voor Documentatie & Reëvaluatie (a republishing Blog about French and Dutch Literature). 3363:

Antwerp is the number one diamond market in the world, diamond exports account for roughly 1/10 of Belgian exports. The Antwerp-based

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Demets, Lisa, Jan Dumolyn, and Els De Paermentier. "Political ideology and the rewriting of history in fifteenth-century Flanders."

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movements, has had an important role in Belgium's politics, since the 20th century in Flanders mainly via the Christian trade union

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traders found appeal, perhaps partly for economic reasons. The spread of Protestantism in this city was aided by the presence of an

1055:'60s. Today Flanders extends over the northern part of Belgium, including not only the Dutch-speaking Belgian parts of the medieval 5549: 5527: 5383: 2726:, with low hills reaching up to 150 m (490 ft) and small valleys, and at the eastern border with the Netherlands, in the 1671: 3963: 3563: 3459: 2709:. Polders are areas of land, close to or below sea level that have been reclaimed from the sea, from which they are protected by 2386:

However, during the last half century, many new political parties were founded in Flanders. One of the first was the nationalist

2333: 1210:, whose territory corresponded to medieval Brabant as well as French-speaking Hainaut. In the east was the large district of the 6020: 1472:

The County of Loon, approximately the modern Flemish province of Limburg, remained independent of France, forming a part of the

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to the kings of Spain. Western and southern districts of Flanders were confirmed under French rule under successive treaties of

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Parliament who were elected in the Brussels Region cannot vote on affairs belonging to the competences of the Flemish Region.

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started using Antwerp as the northernmost naval port of France. The following year, France officially annexed Flanders as the

6065: 5505: 3357: 4680: 5910: 5829: 5273: 3360:. Its main trading partners are Germany, the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, and Spain. 3038: 2635: 2260: 2147:. All the political parties that advocated a significant increase of Flemish autonomy gained votes as well as seats in the 1544: 5998: 5761: 1747:. In the Northern Netherlands, the mass emigration from Flanders and Brabant became an important driving force behind the 6162: 3455: 3436: 2376: 989:. The first region was predominantly French-speaking already in the 1600s, the latter became so in the 20th century. The 6237: 2338: 2286: 1300: 6670: 3256: 3195: 1286:

managed to conquer both the Roman populations of northern France and the Frankish populations beyond the forest areas.

1228:) of the Menapii, Nervii and Tungri therefore corresponded roughly with the medieval counties of Flanders, Brabant and 775:

in the north consists of 22 exclaves surrounded by the Netherlands. Not including Brussels, there are five present-day

2406:(N-VA), more conservative but independentist, on the other hand. Other parties are the leftist alternative/ecological 6416: 5865: 5349: 4937: 4512:

Only about 8% of Brussels inhabitants identify as Flemish, while the rest identify as French-speaking or non-Belgian.

3641: 3329: 2380: 1933: 1913: 1689: 1152:. His informants told him that especially in the east, the tribes claimed ancestral connections and kinship with the 358: 5230: 5200: 5156: 3803:

not only explicitly referred to his writings as Flemish but used it in many of his poems, and strongly defended it:

5762:"College 4 – 1830 Belgische onafhankelijkheid, Noord-Zuidverschillen, Dialecten en de rijksgrens, Frans-Vlaanderen" 5655: 5336: 5307: 2372: 2164: 2102:

took place in the second half of the 20th century, which transformed the unitary Belgium into a federal state with

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or, a little further inland, by fields that have been drained with canals. With similar soils along the lowermost

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was the first sovereign who had been in the Southern Netherlands since King Philip II of Spain left them in 1559.

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Flanders has developed an extensive transportation infrastructure of ports, canals, railways and highways. The

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were instrumental in defeating a French attempt at annexation (1300–1302), finally defeating the French in the

334: 3922:. Still widely read and translated into other languages (including English) are the novels of authors such as 3136:

The province of Flemish Brabant is the most recently created, being formed in 1995 after the splitting of the

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identifies itself as "Flemish", and this is reflected, for instance, in the name of its local railway station

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is a part of Flanders as far as community matters are concerned, but does not belong to the Flemish Region.

1646:) that spread through the Low Countries, first to Antwerp and Ghent, and from there further east and north. 6616: 6603: 6561: 4733: 4401: 3211: 2985: 2423: 1921: 1886: 1662:

to the Provinces to repress the revolt. Alba recaptured the southern part of the Provinces, who signed the

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and petroleum industries. Flanders also attracted a large majority of foreign investments in Belgium. The

2121:), whereas the French-speakers would like to keep the current state as it is. Recent governments (such as 2117:

Several Flemish parties still advocate for more Flemish autonomy, some even for Flemish independence (see

1787:. But under the reign of Empress Maria-Theresia, these lands again flourished economically. Influenced by 1613: 1473: 6745: 6740: 5440: 4629: 3881:

literature read (and appreciated to varying degrees) in Flanders is the same as that in the Netherlands.

3108: 3092: 2387: 2007: 1419: 4702: 4027:. Flemish provinces each have up to two TV channels as well. Commercial television broadcasters include 3538: 6693: 6609: 6546: 6130: 5821: 3479: 3100: 2919: 2866: 2862: 2787: 2180: 2148: 1512: 1423: 1384: 4258:, a former Belgian goalkeeper, is considered one of the greatest in the history of football (soccer). 3599: 1429:

The entire area, straddling the ancient boundary of France and the Holy Roman Empire, later passed to

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influence in the east, but there is disagreement about what languages were spoken locally (apart from

6220: 5579: 3970:(Vlaamse Rand), though many of them are French-speakers that migrated to Flanders in recent decades. 2915: 2911: 2858: 2768: 27: 6202: 5298: 969:. Until the 1600s, this county also extended over parts of what are now France and the Netherlands. 117: 6598: 6245: 6082: 5475: 3982: 3410: 3116: 3104: 3088: 2122: 1954:

led to the splitting up of the two countries. Belgium was confirmed as an independent state by the

1310: 974: 731: 122: 5894: 4906: 2551:"Vlaanderen is een deelstaat van de federale Staat België en maakt deel uit van de Europese Unie." 1984:

The first official translation of the Belgian constitution in Dutch was not published until 1967.

1893:

was Roman Catholic and French-speaking, while the north was mainly Protestant and Dutch-speaking.

1630:

was a prelude to religious war between Catholics and Protestants, especially the Anabaptists. The

1562:

Meanwhile, Protestantism had reached the Low Countries. Among the wealthy traders of Antwerp, the

6680: 5765: 4327: 3978: 3623: 3471: 3290: 3260: 3112: 3096: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2267: 2232: 2099: 2077: 1925: 907: 892: 855: 3622:

countries in 1999, Flanders had the third-highest proportion of 18- to 21-year-olds enrolled in

1818: 1809: 1804: 6323: 6172: 4381: 4174: 4092: 3286: 2698:

basin plain in the north-west and a central plain. The first consists mainly of sand dunes and

2129: 2043: 1955: 1601: 1575: 1458: 1146:

conquered the area he described it as the less economically developed and more warlike part of

1023: 998: 719:

and the community aspects of Flanders life in Brussels, such as Flemish culture and education.

5941: 5855: 5479: 4921: 2266:

The area of the Flemish Community is represented on the maps above, including the area of the

2114:. During the 1970s, all major political parties split into a Dutch and French-speaking party. 1274:

was king of the Franks within the military of Gaul. He became leader of the administration of

6719: 6675: 6665: 6426: 5943: 4955: 4236: 3998: 3874: 3754:

can be applied to the Dutch spoken in Flanders; it shows many regional and local variations.

3675: 3594: 3554:, and the various governments in general respect this right in practice. Since independence, 3297: 2599: 1400: 1329: 1270:). In the meantime, the Franks contributed to the Roman military. The first Merovingian king 1101: 966: 851: 743: 727: 566: 459: 5826:

Nationalisme in België. Identiteiten in beweging 1780–2000. (Deprez, Kas; Vos, Louis – red.)

4815: 4252:

and numerous other cycling records. His hour speed record (set in 1972) stood for 12 years.

2316:, represent the Flemish Community and the Flemish Region. The region and the community thus 1830: 1578:

resulted in consecutive but overlapping waves of reform: a Lutheran, followed by a militant

906:(competent in mainly cultural matters). The first does not comprise Brussels (which forms a 722:

Geographically, Flanders is mainly flat, and incorporates the whole coast of Belgium on the

105: 6538: 5986: 5601: 5017:"GHENT UNIVERSITY FLEMISH. Belgian Parliament Votes to Have All Instruction in That Tongue" 4358: 4290: 4086: 3947: 3776: 3743: 3396: 3158: 2783: 2759: 2566: 2438: 2403: 2354: 2252: 2176: 2156: 2118: 2085: 1901: 1870: 1854: 1788: 1744: 1675: 1523:

and from France. In 1556 Charles V abdicated due to ill health (he suffered from crippling

1476:

until the French Revolution, but surrounded by the Burgundians, and under their influence.

1466: 1341: 1075:), or the geographical area, one of the three institutional regions in Belgium, namely the 1043: 1035: 776: 469: 5947: 5734: 2235:. In practice, the Flemish Community and Region together form a single body, with its own 1814: 8: 6584: 6267: 4406: 4227: 4167: 3897: 3780: 3533: 3168: 3137: 2710: 2539: 2419: 1862: 1683: 1597: 1516: 1504: 1126: 1039: 1027: 6183: 4900: 1826: 838:

made it one of the richest and most urbanised parts of Europe, trading, and weaving the

6650: 6556: 6551: 6338: 6328: 5021: 4396: 4110: 4076: 4064: 4043: 3939: 3796: 3792: 3681: 3278: 3248: 3206: 2587: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2240: 2236: 2217: 2111: 2107: 1959: 1951: 1945: 1909: 1866: 1858: 1780: 1710: 1702: 1593: 1528: 1508: 1454: 1295: 1256: 1244: 1014: 958: 946: 933: 918: 914: 807: 350: 302: 225: 4889:

William Robertson, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V (NY, 1874), p 456

4880:

William Robertson, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V (NY, 1874), p 116

1992: 1403:(1337–1453), and increased English cloth production. Flemish weavers had gone over to 6735: 6491: 6394: 6303: 6061: 5990: 5861: 5528:"international trade - Development of a common agricultural policy | Britannica" 5345: 4933: 4386: 4241: 4231: 3943: 3905: 3788: 3647: 3427: 3406: 3182: 2896: 2325: 2271: 2224: 2055: 1768: 1609: 1567: 1520: 1434: 1415: 1337: 1332:, is first reported in a document of 862, when he eloped with a daughter of his king 1171: 1072: 1060: 986: 903: 863: 792: 310: 235: 6057: 6050: 5334: 2747: 2517: 759: 512:

The area and population figures are given for the Flemish Region, not the Community.

6655: 6645: 6640: 6624: 6593: 6467: 6359: 6343: 6178: 6116: 5708: 5176: 5137: 5045: 4827: 4784: 4463: 4427: 4391: 4317: 4255: 4248:

is widely regarded as the greatest cyclist of all time, with five victories in the

4223: 4202: 4183: 4052: 4028: 4012: 3919: 3893: 3870: 3751: 3709: 3701: 3447: 3289:(GRP) of Flanders in 2021 was €296 billion (excluding Brussels). Per capita GDP at 3173: 2838: 2454: 2434: 2342: 2290: 2183:

which aim to solve the disputes between Flemings and French-speakers. However, the

1975: 1776: 1772: 1748: 1694: 1667: 1605: 1446: 1380: 1333: 1240: 1233: 1153: 1056: 1030:, the term Flanders continued to be associated with the whole southern part of the 982: 835: 802:

The area of today's Flanders has figured prominently in European history since the

780: 751: 708: 639: 604: 555: 282: 135: 110: 5474:(in Dutch). Netherlands Institute of Business Organization and Strategy Research, 1743:

Flanders and Brabant, went into a period of relative decline from the time of the

953: 6524: 6479: 6333: 6137: 6112: 6108: 6104: 5974: 5659: 5204: 5183: 5144: 4928: 4672: 4500: 4457: 4138: 3974: 3959: 3927: 3923: 3909: 3901: 3889: 3685: 3603: 3501: 3402: 3322: 3317: 3313: 3252: 3019: 2607: 2603: 2554: 2371:) in Flemish society. The traditional political parties of the three pillars are 2248: 2011: 1721: 1635: 1555: 1442: 1430: 1369: 978: 924:

Within Belgian discussions, the two westernmost provinces of the Flemish Region,

913:

The political institutions that govern both subdivisions: the operative body or "

811: 788: 755: 363: 82: 68: 6231: 1550: 6707: 6660: 6298: 5978: 5769: 5225: 4579: 4335: 4249: 4147: 3878: 3739: 3705: 3697: 3615: 3475: 3418: 3353: 3333: 3187: 2778: 2666: 2464: 2415: 2329: 2282: 2228: 2160: 2091: 2023: 2006:

Flanders (and Belgium as a whole) saw some of the greatest loss of life on the

1679: 1663: 1639: 1306: 1229: 1148: 1083: 1076: 1064: 1006: 910:), whereas the latter does comprise the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Brussels. 899: 844: 716: 704: 684: 671: 663: 538: 420: 408: 246: 53: 5972: 5897:[Three times XXXIII Little Poems – Thou sayst Flemish will fade away] 2297: 1822: 1379:

Increasingly powerful from the 12th century, the territory's autonomous urban

6729: 6455: 6443: 5994: 5895:"Driemaal XXXIII Kleengedichtjes – Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan" 4346: 4323: 4294: 4283: 4265: 4261: 4081: 3800: 3724: 3414: 3349: 3341: 3143:

Most municipalities are made up of several former municipalities, now called

3068: 2949: 2627: 2623: 2595: 2576: 2430: 2402:, moderate nationalism rather left of the spectrum, on the one hand, and the 2395: 2364: 2037: 1963: 1706: 1659: 1485: 1408: 1363:) made it one of the richest and most urbanized parts of Europe, weaving the 1252: 1143: 1087: 1031: 929: 925: 796: 784: 772: 739: 493: 190: 177: 3340:, the single European currency, was introduced in Flanders. It replaced the 2639: 2125:) have transferred certain federal competences to the regional governments. 1705:'s Spanish troops. They conquered a considerable part of Brabant (the later 858:, Flanders was made into two political entities: the Flemish Region (Dutch: 6384: 6369: 5797:(in Dutch). Letterkundig Museum, The Hague, The Netherlands. Archived from 5416:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018" 4831: 4354: 4350: 4155: 4104: 4097: 4070: 3885: 3265: 3145: 2437:

has seen electoral success roughly around the turn of the century, and the

2209: 2061: 1905: 1874: 1626: 1571: 1373: 1325: 1248: 1191: 1184: 1161: 6227: 5299:

Ir. Jan Strubbe in collaboration with Frank Mostaert and Ir. Koen Maeghe.

2136:

announced that Flanders had decided to declare independence from Belgium.

6389: 5220: 5197: 4555:

expressing that its substantive is from or in that city or belongs to it.

4527: 4365: 4342: 4279: 4245: 4058: 3764: 3732: 3559: 3555: 3484:

The highest population density is found in the area circumscribed by the

3450:, the only other civilian airport with scheduled services in Flanders is 3380: 3209:

has its own local institutions in the Brussels-Capital Region, being the

2646: 2638:, also close to Voeren, does not border Flanders either. (The commune of 2583: 2391: 2000: 1929: 1890: 1563: 1396: 1348: 1271: 1215: 803: 5652: 5355: 5301:"Flood management in Flanders with special focus on navigable waterways" 4726:

Language use in Brussels and the position of Dutch. Some recent findings

3296:

Flanders was one of the first continental European areas to undergo the

2750:

attains a maximum altitude of 288 m (945 ft) above sea level.

2673:

has a population of more than 500,000 citizens and is the largest city,

5632: 4269: 4212: 4080:(2003; 750,000 tickets sold). The first and last ones were directed by 3935: 3931: 3759: 3651: 3371:

Flanders is home to several science and technology institutes, such as

2031: 1621: 1579: 476: 455: 339: 20: 4573: 4571: 4341:

The best-selling Flemish group or artist is the (Flemish-Dutch) group

2630:

in the Netherlands. Germany, although bordering Wallonia and close to

2441:

during the last few elections, even becoming the largest party in the

2398:) split off, and which later dissolved into the now-defunct Spirit or 1798: 1767:

Although arts remained relatively impressive for another century with

1376:, a form of parliament that exercised considerable power in Flanders. 1236:, forming a natural boundary between northeast and southwest Belgium. 898:

In the context of the political subdivisions of Belgium there are the

5636: 5048:[State reform towards Belgium is gaining political support]. 4552: 4331: 4207: 4161: 4117: 4084:, and an American remake is being made of both of them, respectively 3543: 3509: 3228: 3162: 3149:. The largest municipality (both in terms of population and area) is 2626:

in Flanders forms a complicated series of enclaves and exclaves with

2611: 2557:

of the federal State of Belgium and is part of the European Union").

2051: 2047: 2027: 1729: 1587: 1583: 1515:, which established the Low Countries as the Seventeen Provinces (or 1096: 723: 450: 166:

is only part of the Flemish Community, and not of the Flemish Region.

5822:"Nationale beelden in de Vlaamse literatuur van de negentiende eeuw" 5470:

The importance of the Flemish Diamond from an economical perspective

5338:

Biodiversity Indicators 2006 – State of Nature in Flanders (Belgium)

2187:

continued the trend of N-VA becoming the biggest party in Flanders.

1924:

that issued a new Liberal Constitution and declared the new state a

1441:. The titles were eventually more clearly united under his grandson 1411:

in Norfolk in the 12th century and established the woolen industry.

1282:

of the Menapii (the future county of Flanders). From there, his son

6514: 6399: 6374: 5979:"Vlamingen en Nederlanders moeten hun verschillen leren aanvaarden" 5014: 4568: 4008: 3914: 3517: 3513: 3485: 3309: 3191: 2702: 2688: 2205: 2143:

showed more support for Flemish autonomy, marking the start of the

1996: 1450: 1438: 1414:

The County of Flanders started to take control of the neighbouring

1404: 1388: 1283: 1199: 888: 747: 712: 700: 488: 326: 163: 4759:"Bruxelles est francophone à 92%, selon les déclarations fiscales" 2782:

covers 13,625 km (5,261 sq mi) and is divided into

2545:

In 2012, the Flemish government drafted a "Charter for Flanders" (

767:

within the Flemish Region. Flanders also has exclaves of its own:

6496: 6472: 6379: 6364: 4548: 4372:

holds the current record for longest time at No. 1 on the chart.

4128: 4123: 3655: 3631: 3546:. A typical church, similar to those in many villages in Flanders 3521: 3489: 3440: 3301: 3150: 2906: 2848: 2739: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2670: 2650: 2645:

Flanders is a highly urbanised area, lying completely within the

2619: 2591: 1842: 1725: 1714: 1535: 1263: 1224: 1219: 1195: 1113: 1059:, which was united with Flanders since the Middle Ages, but also 1010: 973:

In France, one of the historically Flemish regions is now in the

831: 818: 815: 764: 735: 696: 688: 415: 322: 260: 218: 3742:; spelling and grammar are regulated by a single authority, the 3325:

area. Nowadays, the Flemish economy is mainly service-oriented.

1920:) proclaimed its independence, which was later confirmed by the 1848: 1709:

of the Netherlands), and the south bank of the Scheldt estuary (

6484: 6448: 6215: 6182: 5160: 4962:. Tourism Flanders & Brussels, Flanders House, London, UK. 4369: 4016: 3728: 3719: 3505: 3497: 3078: 3029: 2743: 2706: 2682: 2678: 2662: 2658: 2631: 2615: 2530:

Belgian and opposed to the dissolution of Belgium. 20% is even

2411: 2407: 1590:

movement. These movements existed independently of each other.

1507:(1506), Spain (1516) with its colonies and in 1519 was elected 1356: 1318: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1137: 827: 768: 272: 268: 5468:"Het belang van de Vlaamse Ruit vanuit economisch perspectief 4445: 3454:, but there are two other ones with cargo or charter flights: 625: 6751:

Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language

6460: 5344:. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels. 4922:

Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective

4523: 4436: 4305: 4037: 3614:

Education is compulsory from the ages of six to 18, but most

3493: 3305: 3273: 2959: 2727: 2674: 2654: 2522: 2481:

on whether Flemings feel proud of their Belgian nationality.

2015: 1649: 1538:

grew to become the second-largest European city north of the

1500: 1360: 1352: 1157: 990: 823: 616: 264: 3799:

rose ahead of French literature in Belgium's early history.

504: 5046:"Staatshervorming richting België wint aan politieke steun" 4322:

Flanders is known for its music festivals, like the annual

4189: 4032: 4020: 4003:

The public radio and television broadcaster in Flanders is

3372: 3364: 3337: 2731: 2699: 2695: 2133: 1539: 1524: 1364: 1321: 1259:

appear to have become prevalent in the area of the Tungri.

839: 318: 5571: 5016: 4605:"Metadata: Bebouwde oppervlakte en bijbehorende terreinen" 3500:

agglomerations that surround Mechelen and is known as the

2038:

Right-wing nationalism in the interbellum and World War II

19:"Flandre" and "Flandern" redirect here. For the ship, see 5860:(in West Flemish). Lannoo Uitgeverij. 1999. p. 320. 4472: 4024: 3610:, the oldest university in Belgium and the Low Countries. 1717:, effectively cutting Antwerp off from its trade routes. 1596:, a devout Catholic and self-proclaimed protector of the 1399:

of 1348, the disruption of trade during the Anglo-French

1183:

were the two most northerly continental provinces of the

1005:

The historically Flemish region which became part of the

994: 734:

to the south-west near the coast, the Dutch provinces of

651: 5015:

Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES (28 February 1930).

3904:. They were followed by a younger generation, including 3153:, having more than half a million inhabitants. Its nine 2694:

Flanders has two main geographical regions: the coastal

2622:

of Flanders between Wallonia and the Netherlands, while

771:

in the east is between Wallonia and the Netherlands and

5138:

Report of study by the Université Catholique de Louvain

4276:

as she was ranked the number one female tennis player.

2634:

in Limburg, does not share a border with Flanders. The

2132:

by the Belgian Francophone public broadcasting station

5376: 4551:, is an inhabitant of this city; the term is also the 3620:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1885:) under Prince William I of Orange Nassau, making him 1682:(the Northern Netherlands) fought on until 1648 – the 1527:). Spain and the Seventeen Provinces went to his son, 1309:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1175:

connected to what is now the Netherlands and Germany.

883:

The term "Flanders" has several main modern meanings:

162:

Present-day Flanders (dark red) shown within Belgium.

6691: 4475: 4466: 4448: 4439: 4430: 2410:

party; the short-lived anarchistic libertarian spark

2308:

As mentioned above, Flemish institutions such as the

2179:

was formed excluding N-VA. Eight parties agreed on a

1255:" language related to both. By the first century AD, 654: 645: 628: 619: 610: 6048:

George Wingfield (2008). Charles F. Gritzner (ed.).

4469: 4442: 4433: 4103:

Newspapers are grouped under three main publishers:

3934:. The recent crop of writers includes the novelists 3269:

The Port of Antwerp is the second largest in Europe.

936:

are also still collectively referred to as Flanders.

648: 622: 613: 5787: 5177:

Report of study by Université Catholique de Louvain

3421:, of which Zeebrugge and Ostend are located at the 1987: 1799:

French Revolution and Napoleonic France (1795–1815)

1754: 1519:in its broad sense) as an entity separate from the 1239:Linguistically, the tribes in this area were under 850:Belgium was one of the centres of the 19th-century 642: 607: 6049: 5828:(in Dutch). Houtekiet, Antwerpen/Baarn (online by 2677:has a population of 250,000 citizens, followed by 2363:Historically, the political parties reflected the 2332:. French enjoys a limited official recognition in 2201:Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium 1887:William I of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1732:, which was a smaller port, important only in the 693:communities, regions and language areas of Belgium 6193:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. 478–480. 5680:A broad view of the Flemish educational landscape 5274:"Bruges or Ghent – either way you win in Belgium" 4624: 4622: 4364:The weekly charts of best-selling singles is the 4286:are notable track and field stars from Flanders. 3658:) or serve the Jewish and Protestant minorities. 3231:, with significant precipitation in all seasons ( 2414:and more recently the conservative-right liberal 1896:In 1815, the Dutch Senate was reinstated (Dutch: 1328:. The first certain Count in the comital family, 1251:), and there may even have been an intermediate " 1206:. In the central part of modern Belgium were the 1049: 6727: 6047: 5886: 5848: 5819: 2642:, majority French speaking, lies between them.) 1693:Winter scene at the Scheldt river in Antwerp by 4986:"Kingdom of Belgium map (politically outdated)" 4950: 4948: 4946: 3443:) and roads are managed by the Flemish region. 2255:) leading a coalition of his party (N-VA) with 2106:. This resulted also in the establishment of a 1969: 981:, and can be divided into two smaller regions: 902:(competent in mainly economic matters) and the 6080: 5043: 4619: 3684:is responsible for care, health education and 932:, forming the central portion of the historic 830:of the historic County of Flanders, and later 6253: 5465: 4813: 3618:continue to study until around 23. Among the 3190:and, together with the French Community, the 1849:United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830) 1086:and other fields, the adjectives Flemish and 6140:" Goalkeepersaredifferent.com. Retrieved on 5937: 5935: 5903:Dichtwerken (deel 1 en 2) (ed. Baur, Frank) 5610:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 5112:. Belgian Federal Government. Archived from 5082:. Belgian Federal Government. Archived from 4943: 4304:The Flemish government agency for sports is 4050:The five most successful Flemish films were 3435:Whereas railways are managed by the federal 3332:in 1951, which evolved into the present-day 2764:List of municipalities of the Flemish Region 1063:, which corresponds closely to the medieval 74: 60: 5682:. Ministry of the Flemish Community. 2005. 5606:International Religious Freedom Report 2004 4630:"Structuur van de bevolking | Statbel" 4165: 4153: 4145: 4108: 3581:in Flanders for a long time, in particular 2753: 1190:In the future county of Flanders, the main 961:, that existed from the 8th century (Latin 587: 570: 559: 542: 525: 45: 6260: 6246: 5892: 5813: 5759: 5441:"Onze Waalse collega's kunnen niet volgen" 4115:, the most popular newspaper in Flanders, 3820:Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: 3775:The earliest example of literature in non- 3714: 2602:) in the north and east, and with France ( 2194: 2014:, in particular from the three battles of 1650:The Eighty Years' War and its consequences 1445:(1396 – 1467). This large Duchy passed in 1422:(1330-1384), who fought his sister-in-law 1067:, and was never under Burgundian control. 6177: 5932: 5909:, Amsterdam (1949, 3rd print – online by 5727: 5701: 5215: 5213: 4035:(VT4). Popular TV series are for example 2534:, while some 25% are not proud and 8% is 2159:(N-VA) (who had participated on a shared 1558:in 1576, in which about 7,000 people died 1266:. They had kings in each Roman district ( 1099:categorized as Flemish art. In music the 6169:BMGN-THE LOW COUNTRIES HISTORICAL REVIEW 6103:top five of all time: 1 Eddy Merckx, 2 5966: 5942:de Ridder, Matthijs (doctoral candidate 4722: 4526:, as well as cultural movements such as 4264:(as well as the French-speaking Belgian 4206: 4096:. The other three ones were directed by 3718: 3680:Healthcare is a federal matter, but the 3598: 3537: 3272: 3264: 3167: 2746:between the Dutch border and Wallonia's 2570: 2516: 2296: 2204: 1991: 1758: 1688: 1672:Republic of the Seven United Netherlands 1549: 1534:Over the first half of the 16th century 1299: 5564: 5098: 5068: 4869:Philip the Good: the apogee of Burgundy 4820:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 4716: 4144:, the oldest extant Flemish newspaper, 3964:municipalities with language facilities 3942:, and poets such as the married couple 3852:that Walloon twaddle will have its way: 3824:dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: 3460:Kortrijk-Wevelgem International Airport 3405:is the second-largest in Europe, after 2448: 2185:2012 provincial and municipal elections 2104:communities, regions and language areas 1608:and Holland (what is now approximately 703:, while the corresponding adjective is 6728: 5210: 4996:from the original on 27 September 2007 4966:from the original on 29 September 2006 4898: 3550:The Belgian constitution provides for 3504:, in other important urban centres as 1724:to the Spanish and the closing of the 1654:Subsequently, Philip II of Spain sent 1289: 379:13,626 km (5,261 sq mi) 6241: 6037:from the original on 2 February 2017. 4499: 3738:The standard language in Flanders is 3157:have a special status and are called 3127:3,197 km (1,234 sq mi) 3000:3,007 km (1,161 sq mi) 2877:2,876 km (1,110 sq mi) 1939: 1841:), with the heaviest fighting in the 670: 5328: 4795:from the original on 21 January 2017 4683:from the original on 23 October 2017 4412: 4338:is another very large yearly event. 4023:and (together with the Netherlands) 3966:, along the language border and the 3884:Influential Flemish writers include 3328:Belgium is a founding member of the 3308:experienced a fast expansion of the 2636:German-speaking Community of Belgium 2261:Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten 1351:, Flanders's trading towns (notably 1009:, now part of the Dutch province of 6093:from the original on 24 August 2007 5735:"De Taalunie – Werkwijze en beleid" 5631:particular in any kind of God in a 4515: 4506: 3779:in the current area of Flanders is 3570:party (CD&V). According to the 3456:Ostend-Bruges International Airport 3437:National Railway Company of Belgium 3215:(VGC), and its municipal antennae ( 3049:2,118 km (818 sq mi) 2930:2,427 km (937 sq mi) 2377:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 2151:. This was especially the case for 2071: 1999:, a memorial to soldiers killed in 951:The name originally applied to the 799:. The official language is Dutch. 13: 6199:Belgium: Long United, Long Divided 6151: 5741:from the original on 18 March 2011 5737:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 5715:from the original on 23 March 2011 5711:(in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie. 5689:from the original on 19 March 2009 5056:from the original on 12 March 2016 5044:Peter De Lobel (25 January 2016). 4732:. Brussels Studies. Archived from 4486: 3257:Science and technology in Flanders 3196:Arrondissement of Brussels-Capital 2767: 2549:) of which the first article says 2163:). The trend continued during the 2145:2007–2011 Belgian political crisis 2082:2007–2011 Belgian political crisis 1763:1584 map of the county of Flanders 763:Region is an officially bilingual 14: 6762: 6208: 6161:(Oxford University Press, 2007). 6001:from the original on 22 July 2011 5954:from the original on 15 June 2011 5920:from the original on 14 June 2011 5857:Guido Gezelle: volledig dichtwerk 5836:from the original on 14 June 2011 5582:from the original on 30 June 2006 5548:. Port of Antwerp. Archived from 5502:"Flanders: export-driven economy" 4074:(1993; 848,000 tickets sold) and 4007:, which operates the TV channels 3856:This we hope, for this we hanker: 3832:zoo lange als wij ons weren, wij: 3791:(12th century). With a writer of 3787:, the first courtly romance in a 3572:2001 Survey and Study of Religion 3516:to the west, and notable centres 3390: 3358:Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union 3330:European Coal and Steel Community 3176:(one of 19 municipalities) in red 3172:Brussels-Capital Region with the 2390:, of which the right nationalist 2173:longest-ever government formation 1934:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1898:Eerste Kamer der Staaten Generaal 1869:(1815) gave sovereignty over the 1198:, but also on the coast were the 1095:", and it is not uncommon to see 917:", and the legislative organ or " 878: 810:stretched around AD 900 from the 6713: 6701: 6415: 6269: 6226: 6214: 6081:Majendie, Matt (18 April 2005). 6056:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 5874:from the original on 27 May 2016 5795:"Hendrik Conscience (biography)" 5233:from the original on 5 June 2017 4462: 4426: 4062:(1990; 1,082,000 tickets sold), 3568:Christian Democratic and Flemish 3061: 3012: 2942: 2889: 2831: 2685:counts almost 100,000 citizens. 2373:Christian-Democratic and Flemish 2328:for all Flemish institutions is 2153:Christian Democratic and Flemish 1988:World War I and its consequences 1912:sparked. On 4 October 1830, the 1755:Southern Netherlands (1581–1795) 1479: 1218:who appear to have lived in the 1131: 638: 603: 211: 156: 143: 116: 104: 16:Dutch-speaking region of Belgium 6562:Community Commission (Brussels) 6123: 6074: 6041: 6013: 5753: 5665: 5653:In België wonen 628.751 moslims 5642: 5624: 5594: 5538: 5520: 5494: 5459: 5433: 5408: 5394: 5292: 5266: 5245: 5221:"Sire, er zijn toch nog Belgen" 5188: 5167: 5149: 5128: 5037: 5008: 4978: 4913: 4892: 4883: 4874: 4862: 4837: 4807: 4777: 4558: 4533: 4299:International Olympic Committee 4226:is considered one of the five " 3848:You say Flemish will fade away: 3465: 2257:Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams 1490: 746:to the north and east, and the 35:Community and region in Belgium 6083:"Great, but there are greater" 5662:, Indymedia, 12 September 2008 5576:Federal Public Service Economy 5278:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 5229:(in Flemish). 6 October 2011. 5159:. taalunie.org. Archived from 4751: 4695: 4665: 4640: 4597: 4419: 4068:(1987; 933,000 tickets sold), 3608:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 2806:Administrative arrondissements 2665:are the largest cities of the 2214:Minister-President of Flanders 1050:Dutch-speaking part of Belgium 965:) until its absorption by the 873: 687:-speaking northern portion of 405: • Official language 1: 5709:"De Taalunie – Wie zijn wij?" 5402:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat" 4648:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat" 4590: 4345:, followed by (Italian-born) 3860:as long as we fight back, we: 3830:dat zeggen en dat zweren wij: 3669: 3452:Antwerp International Airport 3281:with a railway in the centre. 3233:Köppen climate classification 3212:Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie 2381:Socialist Party – Differently 2359:Political parties in Flanders 2281:The number of Dutch-speaking 2096:Catholic University of Leuven 1785:War of the Spanish Succession 1317:The County of Flanders was a 1194:in early Roman times was the 940: 423:(adjective), Fleming (person) 6604:Day of the Flemish Community 6234:travel guide from Wikivoyage 6159:Flanders: a cultural history 4919:Luc-Normand Tellier (2009). 4814:Van Der Essen, Leon (1925), 4765:(in French). 4 December 2017 4056:(2008; 1,186,071 visitors), 3953: 3858:this we say and this we vow: 3588: 3558:, counterbalanced by strong 2792:308 cities or municipalities 2560: 2345:and published in June 2006. 1970:Rise of the Flemish Movement 1243:influence in the south, and 1093:Early Netherlandish painting 987:Maritime Flanders (Westhoek) 699:associated with Flanders is 7: 5973:Polis, Harold (ed. red. at 5768:(host site). Archived from 4905:. Silver, Burdett. p. 4703:"The Powers of the Regions" 4375: 3828:Dat hopen, dat begeren wij: 3527: 2348: 2060:During the interbellum and 1420:Louis II, Count of Flanders 10: 6767: 5608:. US Department of State, 5253:"Handvest voor Vlaanderen" 4315: 4274:Women's Tennis Association 4200: 3996: 3695: 3691: 3673: 3592: 3531: 3480:List of cities in Flanders 3469: 3439:, other public transport ( 3394: 3246: 3242: 3222: 3052:549/km (1,420/sq mi) 3003:509/km (1,320/sq mi) 2880:652/km (1,690/sq mi) 2757: 2681:with 120,000 citizens and 2564: 2521:Border crossing sign near 2452: 2352: 2198: 2149:Belgian federal parliament 2075: 2041: 1973: 1943: 1513:Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 1483: 1424:Joanna, Duchess of Brabant 1385:Battle of the Golden Spurs 1293: 1135: 1124: 1120: 1071:official institution, the 944: 18: 6633: 6580: 6537: 6507: 6439: 6424: 6413: 6352: 6312: 6291: 6284: 5820:Couttenier, Piet (1999). 5658:24 September 2009 at the 4196: 3462:, both in West Flanders. 2799: 2505: Very not proud (8%) 1638:, with open-air sermons ( 1614:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 1474:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 977:. This is referred to as 579: 551: 534: 520: 511: 499: 487: 466: 449: 441: 436: 414: 404: 400:501/km (1,300/sq mi) 396: 388: 383: 375: 370: 356: 346: 332: 308: 298: 293: 278: 256: 245: 234: 224: 206: 171: 155: 132: 100: 91: 40: 28:Flanders (disambiguation) 5476:University of Maastricht 5421:. Eurostat. 5 March 2020 5025:. New York Times Company 4902:The World and Its People 4871:by Richard Vaughan, p201 4789:U.S. Department of State 4311: 3992: 3983:Francization of Brussels 3869:The distinction between 3227:The climate is maritime 3130:376/km (970/sq mi) 2933:363/km (940/sq mi) 2754:Administrative divisions 2547:Handvest voor Vlaanderen 2123:Verhofstadt I Government 1877:and Luxembourg – to the 1670:and settled in 1581 the 1620:). In 1566, the wave of 1311:Ghent University Library 347: • Legislature 44: 6617:De Leeuw van Vlaanderen 6190:Encyclopædia Britannica 5766:University of Groningen 5673:"Education in Flanders" 5447:(in Dutch). 29 May 2005 4927:25 October 2015 at the 4899:Dunton, Larkin (1896). 4723:Janssens, Rudi (2008). 4483:for speakers without it 4368:. "Kvraagetaan" by the 3979:Brussels Capital Region 3715:Language and literature 3624:postsecondary education 3472:Demographics of Belgium 3291:purchasing power parity 3261:Agriculture in Flanders 3192:Brussels-Capital Region 3140:on a linguistic basis. 2268:Brussels-Capital Region 2195:Government and politics 2165:2009 regional elections 2128:On 13 December 2006, a 2098:. As a result, several 2078:State reform in Belgium 2030:at the monument of the 1926:Constitutional Monarchy 1791:, the Austrian Emperor 1634:started in what is now 1604:Calvinism in Flanders, 1511:. Charles V issued the 1391:. Two years later, the 893:Brussels-Capital Region 713:Brussels-Capital Region 672:[ˈvlaːndərə(n)] 445:€330.495 billion (2022) 6671:Science and technology 6520:List of municipalities 5635:sense, and/or in some 5388:bestat.statbel.fgov.be 5182:23 August 2006 at the 5143:23 August 2006 at the 4832:10.3406/rbph.1925.6335 4578:foreigners, share the 4456:for speakers with the 4382:Burgundian Netherlands 4293:were held in Antwerp. 4216: 4213:WTA Player of the Year 4175:Het Belang van Limburg 4166: 4154: 4146: 4109: 4093:The Memory of a Killer 3867: 3839: 3735: 3611: 3547: 3287:gross regional product 3282: 3270: 3177: 2773: 2579: 2526: 2487: Very proud (20%) 2443:2010 federal elections 2334:a dozen municipalities 2305: 2220: 2169:2010 federal elections 2141:2007 federal elections 2044:Flemish National Union 2003: 1914:Provisional Government 1805:French Republican Army 1764: 1738:creating a new Antwerp 1698: 1643: 1566:beliefs of the German 1559: 1437:, with his capital in 1314: 1024:Burgundian Netherlands 867: 859: 588: 571: 560: 543: 526: 299: • Executive 75: 61: 46: 26:. For other uses, see 6171:134.1 (2019): 73–95. 6028:Frankfurter Buchmesse 5985:(in Dutch) (Ed. 77). 5944:University of Antwerp 5203:13 March 2007 at the 4497:French pronunciation: 4316:Further information: 4297:was president of the 4237:Dwars door Vlaanderen 4210: 4201:Further information: 3999:Television in Belgium 3997:Further information: 3877:. Nevertheless, most 3875:University of Antwerp 3862:It shan't, It shan't, 3845: 3834:'t en zal, 't en zal, 3817: 3777:standardized dialects 3722: 3676:Healthcare in Belgium 3674:Further information: 3602: 3595:Education in Flanders 3593:Further information: 3541: 3532:Further information: 3470:Further information: 3298:Industrial Revolution 3276: 3268: 3171: 2772:Provinces of Flanders 2771: 2574: 2565:Further information: 2520: 2511: No opinion (1%) 2499: Not proud (18%) 2300: 2287:University of Louvain 2208: 1995: 1944:Further information: 1928:, under the House of 1883:Verenigde Nederlanden 1762: 1692: 1553: 1393:uprising was defeated 1387:(11 July 1302), near 1330:Baldwin I of Flanders 1303: 1278:, which included the 1105:is also known as the 1102:Franco-Flemish School 967:French First Republic 957:territory called the 856:Belgian state reforms 852:Industrial Revolution 468: • Summer ( 287:outside the territory 6223:at Wikimedia Commons 6136:30 June 2008 at the 6021:"Flanders (Belgium)" 5987:Nederlandse Taalunie 5572:"Statistics Belgium" 5207:, summarising report 5116:on 30 September 2007 5086:on 30 September 2007 4816:"Notre nom national" 4739:on 23 September 2015 4679:. 15 December 2013. 4547:, the Latin name of 4291:1920 Summer Olympics 3948:Kristien Hemmerechts 3748:Nederlandse Taalunie 3744:Dutch Language Union 3446:The main airport is 3397:Transport in Belgium 2760:Provinces of Belgium 2567:Geography of Belgium 2449:Flemish independence 2439:New Flemish Alliance 2422:, and the socialist 2404:New Flemish Alliance 2400:Social Liberal Party 2355:Politics of Flanders 2253:New Flemish Alliance 2177:Di Rupo I Government 2157:New Flemish Alliance 2130:spoof news broadcast 2119:Partition of Belgium 2086:Partition of Belgium 1902:La Muette de Portici 1873:– Belgium minus the 1871:Austrian Netherlands 1853:After the defeat of 1676:Southern Netherlands 1342:Baldwin V of Hainaut 1044:Austrian Netherlands 397: • Density 140:("The Flemish Lion") 94:Community and region 5913:). Part 2, p. 505. 5832:). pp. 60–69. 5546:"Focus on the port" 5508:on 24 February 2017 5466:Vanhaverbeke, Wim. 4960:Find it in Flanders 4956:"Antwerp – History" 4673:"Discover Flanders" 4407:Seventeen Provinces 4301:from 2001 to 2013. 4168:Gazet van Antwerpen 3898:Maurice Maeterlinck 3781:Hendrik van Veldeke 3552:freedom of religion 3534:Religion in Belgium 3138:province of Brabant 2420:Jean-Marie Dedecker 2379:(Open Vld) and the 1684:Peace of Westphalia 1598:Counter-Reformation 1517:Spanish Netherlands 1505:Seventeen Provinces 1503:. He inherited the 1426:for control of it. 1418:during the life of 1290:Historical Flanders 1127:History of Flanders 1028:early modern period 1013:, sometimes called 868:Vlaamse Gemeenschap 572:Vlaamse Gebarentaal 187: / 6746:Autonomous regions 6741:Regions of Belgium 6572:Minister-President 6557:Flemish Government 6552:Flemish Parliament 6339:Zeelandic Flanders 6316:historical regions 6131:Goalkeeping Greats 5977:) (25 June 2004). 5975:Meulenhoff/Manteau 5532:www.britannica.com 5260:vlaamsparlement.be 5022:The New York Times 4402:Flemish Primitives 4397:Flemish Parliament 4270:Player of the Year 4217: 4211:Kim Clijsters was 4181:Magazines include 4111:Het Laatste Nieuws 4044:F.C. De Kampioenen 3968:Brussels periphery 3940:Herman Brusselmans 3797:Flemish literature 3793:Hendrik Conscience 3736: 3682:Flemish Government 3612: 3548: 3409:. Other ports are 3283: 3271: 3249:Economy of Belgium 3217:Gemeenschapscentra 3207:Flemish Government 3178: 2788:22 arrondissements 2774: 2588:Zeelandic Flanders 2580: 2527: 2310:Flemish Parliament 2306: 2303:Flemish Parliament 2245:Minister-President 2221: 2218:Flanders in Action 2181:sixth state reform 2171:, followed by the 2108:Flemish Parliament 2004: 1960:Zeelandic Flanders 1952:Belgian Revolution 1946:History of Belgium 1940:Kingdom of Belgium 1936:on 19 April 1839. 1910:Belgian Revolution 1879:United Netherlands 1867:Congress of Vienna 1859:Battle of Waterloo 1855:Napoleon Bonaparte 1765: 1711:Zeelandic Flanders 1699: 1560: 1529:Philip II of Spain 1509:Holy Roman Emperor 1401:Hundred Years' War 1315: 1296:County of Flanders 1257:Germanic languages 1154:"Germanic" peoples 1015:Zeelandic Flanders 959:County of Flanders 947:County of Flanders 934:County of Flanders 919:Flemish Parliament 915:Flemish Government 808:County of Flanders 442: • Total 389: • Total 376: • Total 351:Flemish Parliament 335:Minister-President 311:Governing parties 303:Flemish Government 226:County of Flanders 6689: 6688: 6567:Political parties 6533: 6532: 6411: 6410: 6304:Flemish Community 6219:Media related to 6179:Edmundson, George 6157:De Vries, André. 6067:978-0-7910-9670-3 5946:) (22 May 2009). 5552:on 28 August 2008 5198:Taaluniversum.org 5163:on 13 March 2007. 5076:"The Communities" 4580:standard language 4413:Explanatory notes 4387:Count of Flanders 4232:Flanders Classics 4077:De Zaak Alzheimer 3944:Herman de Coninck 3906:Paul van Ostaijen 3815: 3789:Germanic language 3579:have been present 3200:19 municipalities 3183:Flemish Community 3134: 3133: 2730:basin, there are 2493: Proud (53%) 2429:Particularly the 2326:official language 2225:Flemish Community 2056:Cyriel Verschaeve 1922:National Congress 1908:in Brussels) the 1789:the Enlightenment 1769:Peter Paul Rubens 1745:Thirty Years' War 1616:and was Catholic 1521:Holy Roman Empire 1416:County of Brabant 1181:Germania Inferior 1172:Germania Inferior 1156:then east of the 1073:Flemish Community 904:Flemish Community 864:Flemish Community 777:Flemish provinces 728:French department 726:. It borders the 596: 595: 516: 515: 314: 148: 6758: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6641:Flemish Movement 6610:Guldensporenslag 6500: 6488: 6476: 6464: 6452: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6419: 6360:Flemish Ardennes 6344:Romance Flanders 6314:Neighbouring and 6289: 6288: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6239: 6238: 6230: 6218: 6194: 6186: 6184:"Flanders" 6145: 6143: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6117:Jacques Anquetil 6100: 6098: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6055: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6025: 6017: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5919: 5900: 5893:Gezelle, Guido. 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5774: 5760:Hoeksema, Jack. 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5677: 5669: 5663: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5504:. Archived from 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5482:on 14 March 2007 5478:. Archived from 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5360: 5354:. Archived from 5343: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5318: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5257: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5217: 5208: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5153: 5147: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4952: 4941: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4872: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4738: 4731: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4652:www.ec.europa.eu 4644: 4638: 4637: 4626: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4601: 4584: 4575: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4537: 4531: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4501:[flɑ̃dʁ] 4498: 4490: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4455: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4423: 4392:Flemish Movement 4318:Music of Belgium 4256:Jean-Marie Pfaff 4234:" races include 4224:Tour of Flanders 4222:In cycling, the 4215:in 2005 and 2010 4203:Sport in Belgium 4171: 4159: 4151: 4142: 4114: 3920:Flemish Movement 3894:Felix Timmermans 3809: 3710:Flemish Movement 3702:Flemish dialects 3645: 3448:Brussels Airport 3431: 3411:Bruges-Zeebrugge 3186:covers both the 3174:City of Brussels 3067: 3065: 3064: 3018: 3016: 3015: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2816: 2815:(1 January 2021) 2797: 2796: 2776:The present-day 2553:("Flanders is a 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2455:Flemish Movement 2435:Flemish Interest 2396:Flemish Interest 2375:(CD&V), the 2343:Louvain-la-Neuve 2291:Louvain-la-Neuve 2175:after which the 2072:Flemish autonomy 1976:Flemish Movement 1956:Treaty of London 1918:Voorlopig Bewind 1827:Meuse-Inférieure 1777:Franco-Dutch War 1773:Anthony van Dyck 1771:(1577–1640) and 1749:Dutch Golden Age 1695:Sebastian Vrancx 1680:United Provinces 1668:Union of Utrecht 1664:Union of Atrecht 1612:was part of the 1586:, and finally a 1453:dynasty, and in 1435:Duke of Burgundy 1347:During the late 1334:Charles the Bald 1234:Silva Carbonaria 1057:Duchy of Brabant 983:Walloon Flanders 908:Region by itself 836:Duchy of Brabant 709:City of Brussels 682: 681: 680: 674: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 591: 574: 563: 546: 529: 518: 517: 507: 473: 312: 283:City of Brussels 217: 215: 214: 202: 201: 199: 198: 197: 192: 191:51.000°N 4.500°E 188: 185: 184: 183: 180: 160: 150: 149: 136:De Vlaamse Leeuw 120: 108: 86: 78: 72: 64: 57: 49: 38: 37: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6702: 6700: 6692: 6690: 6685: 6629: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6529: 6525:Flemish Diamond 6503: 6494: 6482: 6480:Flemish Brabant 6470: 6458: 6446: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6420: 6407: 6348: 6334:French Flanders 6317: 6315: 6308: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6211: 6197:Humes, Samuel. 6154: 6152:Further reading 6149: 6148: 6141: 6138:Wayback Machine 6128: 6124: 6113:Miguel Indurain 6109:Lance Armstrong 6105:Bernard Hinault 6096: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6014: 6004: 6002: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5940: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5868: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5801:on 24 July 2011 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5775:on 24 July 2011 5772: 5758: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5675: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5660:Wayback Machine 5648: 5647: 5643: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5600: 5599: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5555: 5553: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5364: 5362: 5361:on 14 June 2007 5358: 5352: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5316: 5314: 5313:on 14 June 2007 5310: 5303: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5219: 5218: 5211: 5205:Wayback Machine 5194: 5193: 5189: 5184:Wayback Machine 5173: 5172: 5168: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5145:Wayback Machine 5134: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5089: 5087: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4954: 4953: 4944: 4932:. PUQ. p. 308. 4929:Wayback Machine 4918: 4914: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4867: 4863: 4853: 4851: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4729: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4634:statbel.fgov.be 4628: 4627: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4607:. Vlaanderen.be 4603: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4587: 4576: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4543:, derived from 4538: 4534: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4465: 4461: 4458:Trap-bath split 4429: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4378: 4320: 4314: 4205: 4199: 4136: 4001: 3995: 3975:French Flanders 3960:second language 3956: 3928:Louis Paul Boon 3924:Willem Elsschot 3910:Gaston Burssens 3902:Emile Verhaeren 3890:Stijn Streuvels 3866: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3812:kleengedichtjes 3717: 3712: 3696:Main articles: 3694: 3686:preventive care 3678: 3672: 3639: 3604:Arenberg Castle 3597: 3591: 3536: 3530: 3502:Flemish Diamond 3482: 3468: 3425: 3403:Port of Antwerp 3399: 3393: 3336:. In 1999, the 3323:Flemish Diamond 3318:1979 oil crises 3263: 3253:Flemish Diamond 3247:Main articles: 3245: 3225: 3073:West-Vlaanderen 3062: 3060: 3035:Halle-Vilvoorde 3020:Flemish Brabant 3013: 3011: 2954:Oost-Vlaanderen 2943: 2941: 2890: 2888: 2832: 2830: 2814: 2813: 2766: 2758:Main articles: 2756: 2608:Hauts-de-France 2604:French Flanders 2569: 2563: 2555:component state 2515: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2462:2011 survey by 2457: 2451: 2361: 2353:Main articles: 2351: 2289:(UCLouvain) in 2259:(CD&V) and 2249:Geert Bourgeois 2203: 2197: 2088: 2076:Main articles: 2074: 2058: 2042:Main articles: 2040: 2024:Yser pilgrimage 2012:First World War 1990: 1978: 1972: 1962:, south of the 1948: 1942: 1851: 1801: 1781:Nine Years' War 1757: 1722:fall of Antwerp 1652: 1636:French Flanders 1610:Belgian Limburg 1556:Sack of Antwerp 1493: 1488: 1482: 1443:Philip the Good 1431:Philip the Bold 1370:Franc of Bruges 1298: 1292: 1276:Belgica Secunda 1140: 1134: 1129: 1123: 1061:Belgian Limburg 1052: 979:French Flanders 975:Nord department 949: 943: 881: 876: 812:Strait of Dover 806:. The original 789:Flemish Brabant 756:Walloon Brabant 711:, although the 691:and one of the 676: 675: 641: 637: 606: 602: 565: 503: 467: 424: 364:Liesbeth Homans 212: 210: 195: 193: 189: 186: 181: 178: 176: 174: 173: 167: 151: 144: 141: 139: 128: 127: 126: 125: 114: 113: 96: 87: 80: 73: 66: 58: 51: 43: 36: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6764: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6723: 6722: 6720:European Union 6710: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6613: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6489: 6477: 6465: 6453: 6440: 6434: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6299:Flemish Region 6295: 6293: 6292:Modern Belgium 6286: 6282: 6281: 6265: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6224: 6210: 6209:External links 6207: 6206: 6205: 6195: 6175: 6165: 6153: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6122: 6073: 6066: 6040: 6012: 5965: 5931: 5885: 5866: 5847: 5812: 5786: 5752: 5726: 5700: 5664: 5651:Jan Hertogen, 5641: 5623: 5593: 5563: 5537: 5519: 5493: 5458: 5445:Het Nieuwsblad 5432: 5407: 5393: 5375: 5350: 5327: 5291: 5280:. 10 June 2018 5265: 5244: 5226:Het Nieuwsblad 5209: 5187: 5166: 5148: 5127: 5097: 5067: 5036: 5007: 4977: 4942: 4912: 4891: 4882: 4873: 4861: 4836: 4826:(1): 121–131, 4806: 4776: 4750: 4715: 4694: 4664: 4639: 4618: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4567: 4557: 4532: 4514: 4505: 4485: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4377: 4374: 4336:Gentse Feesten 4313: 4310: 4250:Tour de France 4198: 4195: 4148:Het Nieuwsblad 3994: 3991: 3955: 3952: 3879:Dutch-language 3846: 3844: 3843: 3818: 3731:, by sculptor 3716: 3713: 3706:Flemish people 3698:Dutch language 3693: 3690: 3671: 3668: 3606:, part of the 3590: 3587: 3529: 3526: 3476:Flemish people 3467: 3464: 3395:Main article: 3392: 3391:Infrastructure 3389: 3354:currency union 3334:European Union 3244: 3241: 3224: 3221: 3188:Flemish Region 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3086: 3076: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3032: 3027: 3024:Vlaams-Brabant 3009: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2967: 2957: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2909: 2904: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2856: 2846: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2810: 2809:Municipalities 2807: 2804: 2801: 2784:five provinces 2779:Flemish Region 2755: 2752: 2748:Liège Province 2667:Flemish Region 2562: 2559: 2536:very not proud 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2465:Het Nieuwsblad 2460: 2459: 2458: 2453:Main article: 2450: 2447: 2424:Workers' Party 2388:People's Union 2350: 2347: 2283:Flemish people 2229:Flemish Region 2199:Main article: 2196: 2193: 2161:electoral list 2092:Royal Question 2073: 2070: 2039: 2036: 1989: 1986: 1974:Main article: 1971: 1968: 1941: 1938: 1850: 1847: 1800: 1797: 1756: 1753: 1651: 1648: 1492: 1489: 1484:Main article: 1481: 1478: 1294:Main article: 1291: 1288: 1177:Gallia Belgica 1166:Gallia Belgica 1149:Gallia Belgica 1136:Main article: 1133: 1130: 1125:Main article: 1122: 1119: 1084:history of art 1077:Flemish Region 1065:County of Loon 1051: 1048: 1019: 1018: 1007:Dutch Republic 1003: 999:Lille Flandres 945:Main article: 942: 939: 938: 937: 922: 911: 900:Flemish Region 896: 880: 879:Modern Belgium 877: 875: 872: 845:northern Italy 717:Flemish Region 594: 593: 581: 577: 576: 553: 549: 548: 536: 532: 531: 522: 514: 513: 509: 508: 501: 497: 496: 491: 485: 484: 474: 464: 463: 453: 447: 446: 443: 439: 438: 434: 433: 418: 412: 411: 406: 402: 401: 398: 394: 393: 390: 386: 385: 381: 380: 377: 373: 372: 368: 367: 361: 354: 353: 348: 344: 343: 337: 330: 329: 316: 306: 305: 300: 296: 295: 291: 290: 280: 276: 275: 258: 257:Largest cities 254: 253: 250: 243: 242: 239: 232: 231: 228: 222: 221: 208: 204: 203: 169: 168: 161: 153: 152: 142: 130: 129: 121: 115: 109: 103: 102: 101: 98: 97: 92: 89: 88: 59: 41: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6763: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6457: 6456:East Flanders 6454: 6450: 6445: 6444:West Flanders 6442: 6441: 6438: 6435: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6353:Local regions 6351: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6278: 6263: 6258: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6185: 6180: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6053: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5936: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5896: 5889: 5873: 5869: 5867:9789020935103 5863: 5859: 5858: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5740: 5736: 5730: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5645: 5638: 5634: 5627: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5597: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5417: 5411: 5403: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5372: 5357: 5353: 5351:90-403-0251-0 5347: 5340: 5339: 5331: 5324: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5262:(in Flemish). 5261: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5131: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5106:"The Regions" 5101: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5040: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4939: 4938:2-7605-1588-5 4935: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4895: 4886: 4877: 4870: 4865: 4850: 4846: 4840: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4735: 4728: 4727: 4719: 4704: 4698: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4606: 4600: 4596: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4565:(130 ft) 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4489: 4480: 4459: 4453: 4422: 4418: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4359:Vaya Con Dios 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Rocco Granata 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324:Rock Werchter 4319: 4309: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4295:Jacques Rogge 4292: 4287: 4285: 4284:Tia Hellebaut 4281: 4277: 4275: 4272:twice in the 4271: 4267: 4266:Justine Henin 4263: 4262:Kim Clijsters 4259: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4242:Gent–Wevelgem 4239: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4185: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4163: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4106: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4082:Erik Van Looy 4079: 4078: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3990: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3841: 3840: 3837: 3816: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3801:Guido Gezelle 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3785:Eneas Romance 3782: 3778: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3423:Belgian coast 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3385:Flanders Make 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3342:Belgian franc 3339: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3198:and includes 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3155:deelgemeenten 3152: 3148: 3147: 3146:deelgemeenten 3141: 3139: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069:West Flanders 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2950:East Flanders 2940: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:mergelgrotten 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2705:soils in the 2704: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2628:Baarle-Nassau 2625: 2624:Baarle-Hertog 2621: 2617: 2614:in the west. 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2596:North Brabant 2593: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2577:Sonian Forest 2573: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2524: 2519: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2466: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2431:Flemish Block 2427: 2425: 2421: 2418:, founded by 2417: 2416:List Dedecker 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2392:Flemish Block 2389: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365:pillarisation 2360: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2233:state reforms 2230: 2226: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2192: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100:state reforms 2097: 2093: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008:Western Front 2002: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1964:Westerscheldt 1961: 1957: 1953: 1950:In 1830, the 1947: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1839:Peasants' War 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1803:In 1794, the 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:North Brabant 1704: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1624:known as the 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1487: 1486:Low Countries 1480:Low Countries 1477: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1433:in 1384, the 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1409:North Walsham 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1312: 1308: 1307:Lucas d'Heere 1302: 1297: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1253:Nordwestblock 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1164:the whole of 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1144:Julius Caesar 1139: 1132:Early history 1128: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1088:Netherlandish 1085: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032:Low Countries 1029: 1025: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 992: 991:city of Lille 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 971: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 955: 954:ancien régime 948: 935: 931: 930:East Flanders 927: 926:West Flanders 923: 920: 916: 912: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 890: 886: 885: 884: 871: 869: 865: 861: 860:Vlaams Gewest 857: 853: 848: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 797:West Flanders 794: 790: 786: 785:East Flanders 782: 778: 774: 773:Baarle-Hertog 770: 766: 761: 757: 753: 750:provinces of 749: 745: 741: 740:North Brabant 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 679: 673: 669: 665: 659: 633: 600: 590: 585: 582: 578: 573: 568: 562: 557: 554: 550: 545: 540: 537: 533: 528: 523: 519: 510: 506: 505:Vlaanderen.be 502: 498: 495: 492: 490: 489:ISO 3166 code 486: 482: 478: 475: 471: 465: 461: 457: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 431: 428:(adjective), 427: 422: 419: 417: 413: 410: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 378: 374: 369: 365: 362: 360: 357: • 355: 352: 349: 345: 341: 338: 336: 333: • 331: 328: 324: 320: 317: 315: 309: • 307: 304: 301: 297: 292: 288: 284: 281: 277: 274: 270: 266: 262: 259: 255: 251: 248: 244: 240: 237: 233: 229: 227: 223: 220: 209: 205: 200: 196:51.000; 4.500 172:Coordinates: 170: 165: 159: 154: 138: 137: 131: 124: 119: 112: 107: 99: 95: 90: 84: 77: 70: 63: 55: 48: 39: 33: 29: 25: 24: 6634:Other topics 6615: 6608: 6599:Coat of arms 6431:(and cities) 6385:Pajottenland 6370:Denderstreek 6276: 6198: 6188: 6168: 6158: 6125: 6102: 6097:20 September 6095:. 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